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Home Theater Acoustics WSDG
Considerations in Interior Design
forHome Theaters and Listening Enviornments
presented by
Beth Walters & J ohn Storyk
Principals and Co-Founders
Walters-Storyk Design Group
NeoConJ une 10, 2008
Home Theater Acoustics WSDG
Partners in Design
Acoustics +Audio-Video
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Challenge
unite the disciplines ofarchitecture and acoustics in
order to create excitingspaces that are acousticallyaccurate and quiet within the
community
Home Theater Acoustics WSDG
1. Our Approach
2. Acoustic Audio-Video fundamentals
3. Home Theater Design & Beyond
4. Case Studies
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1.
Our Approach
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room shaping fundamental isolation issues room surface concepts
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1. Quietness2. Internal Room Acoustic Values3. Audio Video Requirements
4. Client Education
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1. quietness
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1. quietness
room within
roomconstruction
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1. quietness
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1. quietness
early project reminders
make an acoustic site survey develop a robust program statement
with exact quietness requirements
Home Theater Acoustics WSDG
2. internal room acoustic values
- Intelligibility rooms acoustic characteristic toclearly hear speech such as conference rooms
- Audio (music) responsiveness this is important inany room dedicated to serious music listeningsuch as recording studios and home theaters
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2. internal room acoustic values
Home Theater Acoustics WSDG
3. audio video requirements
early project reminder a-v requirements
at the very least identify specialty a-v requirements ipod docking station integrated window and lighting controls surround sound distributed audio-video master media library
etc.
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3. audio video requirements
equipment closet in millwork with rear access
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4. client education
discuss these early in the project
room shaping surface treatments a-v electronics
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4. client education
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4. client education
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4. client education
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4. client education
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4. client education
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4. client education
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2.
Acoustics + Audio-Video Fundamentals
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applied acoustics in design
transfer and isolation internal room
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All acoustical parameters must be
thought of as being
FREQUENCY DEPENDENT
Acousticsis the study of sound.
Soundis the change of pressure in a
medium (air) over time.
Home Theater Acoustics WSDG
AtmosphericPressure
Press
ure
Time
Fundamentals
WavelengthWavelength
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c f=c, the velocity of sound, is constant.
Therefore, if gets small, f must get large.If gets large, f must get small.
Low frequencies have long wavelengths.
High frequencies have short wavelengths.
Wavelength & Speed
1130 / 1.13 / 1 /
344 / 34.4 / 30 /
Imperial Units:
SI Units:
c ft s ft ms ft ms
c m s cm ms cm ms
=
=
Home Theater Acoustics WSDG
Speech
Music
40dB
20 to 20,000Hz
80 to 4,000Hz
Frequency (Hz)
Sound
Pressure
Level(dB)
80dB
Thresholdof Hearing
Thresholdof Pain
Speech and Music120
100
80
60
40
20
0
20 10050 300 500 1k 3k 5k 10k 20k
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63 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k 8k
Octave Bands
Frequency Range in Bands
The most common frequency bands have their centers atoctave or1/3 octave intervals.
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Acoustic Sound LevelsdB SPL Chart
Our ears sensitivity for loudness andfrequency is logarithmic measured in
decibel (dB)
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transfer and isolationacoustics
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Noise Criteria Curves (NC)
One of the most commonly used single-numberreadings for quietness is the Noise Criteria (NC).
To convert a given set of measurement data to thesingle-number value, a set of predefined curves is
used.
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NC 35
NC 35 !
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
31.5 63 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k 8k
NC 70
NC 65
NC 60
NC 50
NC 45
NC 40
NC 30
NC 25
NC 20
NC 55
NC 35
octave band center frequencies (Hz)
sound-pressure
level(dB)
Noise Criteria Curves (NC)
NC curves areconvenient but canbe deceiving inaccuracy for individualfrequency values
Home Theater Acoustics WSDG
45-60Computer room
20-25Home Theater35-50Restaurant
15-20Audio Studio
30-45Office
35-45Living
25-35Sleeping
NC levelConditions
Typical NC Values
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Transmission Loss (TL)
Level: 80dB SPL @ 1kHz
TL =approx. 80 35
=approx. 45dB @ 1kHz
Level: 35dB SPL @ 1kHz
The most common way of determining airborne sound insulation
is the two room method.
SourceRoom
ReceiverRoom
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Two keywords for sound isolation designMass
Decoupling
A clever combination of both: physical massand mechanical decoupling will result in good
sound isolation.
High performance acoustic isolation often results inRoom within Room Construction
Room-within-Room Design
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Sound Transmission Class
STC 45
Fiber glass
2x4metal studs
5/8gypsum
board
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STC 52
Partitions
Attenuation Blanket
Metal Studs
2 Layers of 5/8
Gypsum Board
Resilient Channel
Open Cell Neoprene
Acoustical Sealant
Metal Stud Systems
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STC 62
Partitions
Attenuation Blanket
Metal Studs
multiple g.b. layers
de-coupled acoustic ceiling
Floating Floor
Metal Stud Systems
Shown herewith
De-Coupled Floorand
Ceiling Systems
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Room-within-Room Design
Detail ofceiling spring
isolator system
spring isolator
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Internal RoomAcoustics
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AcousticalTreatment
TemporalResponse
SpatialResponse
Acoustical Palette
REFLECTION
-90
30
60
90
-30
-60
0SPECULAR
REFLETION
6 dB
DIFFUSION
-90
30
60
90
-30
-60
0
10dB
TIME (msec)
DIFFUSION
10 msec
ABSORPTION
-90
30
60
90
-30
-60
0DIRECT SOUND
ATTENUATED
REFLETION
Geometry links the real world to what we hear
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DirectSound
FirstReflection
SecondReflection
S
Reflections
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The RT60 Decay Time measuresthe (frequency dependent) timenecessary for a 60 dB decayin sound pressure level (one-millionth of original Signal).
ReverberationRT60
The steepness of the slope with witch the reverb decays(which defines the RT60 Decay Time) is an importantparameter in defining the acoustics of a room.
However, the distribution of the individual reverberation peaksis the other half of the story!
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100
90
80
70
60
50
0,00
0,22
0,66
0,44
0,88
1,10
1,32
1,54
1,76
10 1K100 10K
Sound PressureLeveldB re 20m Pa
Frequency, Hz
Time,Sec.
ReverberationRT60 - Waterfall Display
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1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1,000
MUSIC
SPEECH
2,000 3,000 5,000 10,000 20,000 50,000
Rever
berationTime(seconds)
RT60 target design values
Room Volume (cubic feet)
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Newman
Bolt
Beranek
1957
Modal AnalysisRoom Ratios
Room 1
Length:
Width:
Height:
x : y : z = 3 : 2 : 1
36 ft
24 ft
12 ft
Note: Dimension Ratio 1:X:Y
ACCEPTABLE
RATIOS
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.41.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
Home Theater Acoustics WSDG
Modal Analysis
Note: Dimension Ratio X:Y:1
ACCEPTABLE
RATIOS
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.41.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
Room 2
Length:
Width:
Height:
x : y : z = 2.3 : 1.6 : 1
21.5 ft
15 ft
9.5 ft
Room Ratios
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Acoustic Design Room Ratios
Log10 20 30 40 50 6 0 70 80 90 100 150 200 250 300 350
50 100 150 200 250 3000 350
Lin
20
20
width : 20
length: 20height: 9
Home Theater Acoustics WSDG
Acoustic Design Room Ratios
10 20 30 40 50 6 0 70 80 90 100 150 200 250 300 350
50 100 150 200 250 3000 350
20
16.5
closet
width : 20length: 16.5height: 9
Log
Lin
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3.
Design
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future homes more media rooms future offices more media conference rooms future environments quieter (greener)
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advanced technology and improved acousticswill appear in almost all building types
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early in the design process room shaping display requirements audio and specifically low frequency control quietness and isolation hvac
wire management (future proof)the bare maximum
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CINEMA
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4.
Case Studies
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Mi Casa StudiosHollywood, CA, USA
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Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Paz Home Theater - Musuem of Inhotim
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Apartment Home TheaterDallas,TX
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Surround Control Room
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Nantucket, MA
Chu Residence Home Theater
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acoustic prediction auralization
slightly into the future for all rooms
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RT 60 Times
Frequency [Hz]
63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000
RT60
Reverberation
Time[s]
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Simulation without Treatment
Simulation with preliminary Treatment
Walters Storyk Design Group
Upper Limit
Lower Limit
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ZU-YUAN Auralisation Materials
Remarks:
01A2
Floor: Stone
AudienceArea
Carpet
25mm Insulation
Ceiling: Plaster
Circles: 100mm Insulation
Sidewall: Perforated Metalsheets,
Perforation Type 1
Frontwall: Perforated Metalsheets,
Perforation Type 2
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perforated metal sheets - concept
Remarks:
MicroperforatedMetalsheet. Theabsorption curve of these perforationscan be
achieved with slightlydifferent perforations, too.
Section Type 1: Sections Type 2:
Wall
50mm Insulation
50mm Airspace
PerforatedMetal Sheet
Thickness: 4mmHole diameter: 0.6mmHole Distance (c-c): 4mm
Perforated Metal Sheet
Thickness: 4mmHole diameter: 0.6mmHole Distance (c-c): 10mm
50mm Insulation
50mm Airspace
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Original imagesculpted metal panels on all walls
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Auralization Amplified Music/Film
Feature Film Empty Room
Feature Film Treated Room
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