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Curso de instrumentacion
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Course 7024 - Rev 1 - 9/21/04Copyrighted Material / Duplication
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AL TERMINO DE ESTA SESION, SE DEBERA TENER CONOCIMIENTO
SOBRE:
-CONCEPTO DE PRESION
- UNIDADES
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PRESION
DEFINICION:
Es el efecto ejercido por una fuerza sobre una area
determinada.
F
A
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PRESION ESTATICA O DE LINEA:
Es la fuerza ejercida por el fluido ( en estado gaseoso y/o
líquido) sobre la superficie de las paredes del recipiente que lo
contienen.
P
PRESION
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Curso 2051
PRESION HIDROSTATICA
Es la presión ejercida por una columna de determinado fluido sobre
la superfie que lo soporta con referencia a la fuerza
gravitacional, y esta directamente relacionado con la densidad de
el fluido. por lo tanto sus unidades estan basadas en longitud; ej.
mmH2O, mmHg
P
PRESION
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PRESION ABSOLUTA:
Es la presión, la cual toma como referencia inicial el vacio total
o cero absoluto
PRESION
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PRESION BAROMETRICA O ATMOSFERICA:
Es la presión ejercida por la atmósfera terrestre . Fue descubierta
por Torricelli el cual descubrió que esta variaba con respecto a la
altitud
siendo esta a nivel de el mar de 760 mmHg
PRESION
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P- p=DP
PRESION
Esta es ampliamente utilizada en la medición de flujo mediante la
caída de presión
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MANOMETRICA
VACIO
ABSOLUTA
PRESION
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Según la normatividad internacional el newton es designado como la
unidad de fuerza, así como el metro lo es para longitud,
derivandose de lo anterior tenemos que el pascal es la unidad
internacional de presión ya que es el equivalente a aplicar un
newton de fuerza a una superficie de un metro cuadrado de área, sin
embargo esta es una unidad muy pequeña por lo que normalmente se
utilizan sus múltiplos como lo son el kilo pascal y el mega
pascal.
de cualquier forma la designación de unidades en un proceso va a
estar asociada con la familiaridad que se tenga con la misma, así
como la aplicación en cuestión.
Unidades y su representación
Kilogramo por centímetro cuadrado...........…………..Kg./cm2
Libra sobre pulgada cuadrada...............………...........psi
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Tubo U
Tipo Bourdon
Tipo fuelle
Galgas extensomertricas
Reluctancia variable
Capacitancia variable
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MANOMETRO TUBO U
Consiste en medir el desplazamiento de un líquido de determinada
densidad, al pasar de una pierna de la U a otra.
PA-PB=dh(AA-A B)
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MANOMETRO DE TIPO BOURDON
Consiste en un tubo con determinada deformación, que al someterse a
una presión por su parte inferior, sufre un movimiento mecánico,
directamente proporcional a la presión ejercida y con la
posibilidad de ser transmitido a una.
ESPIRAL TUBO TOCIDO HELICOIDAL
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MEDIDOR DE TIPO FUELLE
La deformación que sufra el fuelle será ejercida directamente
proporcional a la presión que se esté ejerciendo sobre este y
siendo posible transmitir este movimiento mecánico a una carátula
escalada
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GALGA EXTENSOMETRICA
Consiste en un conductor, el cual es cimentado a una celda de carga
y al sufrir esta una deformación, la resistencia de este conductor,
se verá afectada en forma proporcional a la presión que se ejerce
sobre la celda.
BOTON DE CARGA
SALIDA
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MEDIDOR DE INDUCTANCIA VARIABLE
Al ejercer una presión sobre la celda de carga, sufre un efecto
mecánico, el cual es transmitido a un conductor, el cual a pasar a
través de un campo magnético provocará un cambio en su voltaje de
inducción.
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CELDA DE CAPACITANCIA
El cambio de capacitancia al incrementarse o disminuirse la
cantidad de dieléctrico entre las placas es directamente
proporcional a la presión que se ejerce sobre el sensor.
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SENSOR PIEZORESISTIVO
Un piezoresistor es un elemento metálico o un semiconductor que
exhibe un cambio en su resistencia cuando es sometido a una
presión. Este dispositivo, típicamente forma parte de un puente de
Wheatstone, por lo que el cambio en resistencia es convertido y
transmitido como una señal de control, comúnmente
miliamperaje.
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SENSOR PIEZOELÉCTRICO
El sensor piezoeléctrico consiste en un cristal piezoeléctrico
natural o sisntético que produce un voltaje cuando es sometido a
una presión, este voltaje debido a que es muy bajo debe ser
amplificado y convertido a una señal de control para ser
transmitido.
Piezoelectric crystal
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QUE ES INTELIGENTE?
En esta sección usted aprenderá las características de un
transmisor inteligente y las diferencias entre este y un transmisor
analógico.
Después de terminar esta sección, usted deberá ser capaz de:
1. Describir las cinco características de un transmisor
inteligente
2. Dibujar un diagrama de bloques de un transmisor
inteligente
3. Describir la diferencia entre el muestreo de un transmisor
inteligente y uno analógico.
4. Describir al menos tres beneficios principales de usar
transmisores inteligentes.
The Rosemount Model 1151 Pressure Transmitter is a
microprocessor-based pressure-sensing instrument. The Smart
electronics add sophisticated communication to the time-proven
performance, quality, and reliability of the sensor used on the
analog Model 1151. This combination makes the Model 1151Smart the
most versatile Smart transmitter available.
The Model 1151Smart is designed for compatibility with the
Rosemount Model 275 Smart Family Interface. The Model 275 allows
you to interrogate, configure, test, or digitally trim this
transmitter, as well as other products in the Rosemount family of
microprocessor-based instruments. Moreover, the Model 275 can
communicate with the Model 1151 Smart from a control room, from the
transmitter site, or form any wiring termination point in the loop
where there is a minimum of 250 ohms between the connection and the
power supply.
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Smart’s microprocessor core affords it HART® communications
capabilities.
The 1151S has the measurement precision of capacitance cell
technology, as well as the flexibility of digital electronics, and
it manipulates data more easily than an analog transmitter.
The 1151S performs a continuous self-diagnostic routine. The Smart
transmitter has hardware failure at 21.75 or 3.8 mA, while analog
transmitters have hardware failure at only 22 mA. The digital
transmitter is more sensitive so it can detect failures faster. The
analog transmitter cannot recognize low end failure at all.
In terms of memory capabilities, the 1151S can establish sensor
performance, take messages, and make tags to reflect new
calibrations. It can create characterization and linearization
curves, store configuration data in non-volatile memory, and store
user-specific information for maintenance purposes or material
content.
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Entrada de presión
Entrada de presión
There are several comparisons and contrasts between the Smart and
analog transmitters.
The analog transmitter must be calibrated manually using zero/span
potentiometers and must be checked for linearity.
The Smart transmitter has HART® communication protocol superimposed
on an analog output. Also, it has multiple sensor inputs. In the
graphic above, sensor 1 inputs electronic calibration of converters
and the pressure into the transmitter, while sensor 2 inputs RTD,
or temperature data, although this is not totally true with the
1151.
The microprocessor core requires digital communication; this is not
possible with an analog transmitter. There are two types of
conversion possible: A/D conversion, which converts analog into
digital binary to communicate with microprocessor, and D/A
conversion, which converts digital binary back to analog. The
characterization PROM, shown by the character µ, “micro” makes
signal corrections, converts units, performs linearization, and
stores range, tables, and the sensing element’s performance
curve.
Calibrate the sensor
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Presión De Entrada
An analog transmitter instantaneously follows the output of the
sensor and consists of continuous values.
In contrast, a Smart transmitter’s digital signal consists of
discrete values based on a sampling rate of 20 Hz. An analog signal
is converted to digital by sampling the magnitude of an analog
signal 20 times per second and using the data magnitude of the
sample at each sample time. The analog signal will still be a 4-20
mA out but it will have very small “step” changes as the analog
changes.
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0
-150
+150
puntos de 4–20 mA son excedidos
The process variable (PV) reading provides multiple digital
outputs, including the 268/275 HART® communication signal and the
signal output. The Smart transmitter can read PV when 4-20 limits
are exceeded (high pressure = 20.8 mA; low pressure = 3.9
mA).
With the 1151S, all the information about the transmitter is stored
in the memory: pressures to sense, component makeup, messages you
have created while performing maintenance on the transmitter,
etc.
You can hook up the Model 275, and ask the transmitter to identify
itself. This is helpful for the reordering process because the
Model 275 can fully identify the transmitter and its
configuration.
Even without the sensor module, it is possible to access the
electronics, hook up to the communication capability, and determine
the unit setting.
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Define Modo de falla
Identifica falla de ensamble
Da parametro de posible reparacion desde antes de llegar al
transmisor
Capacidad de Configuracion
Capacidad de cambio remoto de rango sin necesidad de
recalibración.
Menos hardware para satisfacer las necesidades de la planta
Información de materiales de construcción
Rango Normal de operación
Alarma de falla deHardware
The defined values for the normal operating range are 3.9 mA for
the under pressure condition and 20.8 mA for the over pressure
condition. Readings at 3.8 mA and 21.75 mA indicate hardware
failure. You can set the equipment alarm to register low or high
pressure failure; the default is for high. There is an override to
see pressure applied.
The failure mode is defined within the range of 21.75 mA (high) and
3.8 mA (low). The high value depends on the control scheme of the
loop that the user selects.
It is not always possible to identify a failed assembly from the
control room because the transmitter cannot tell you when a
diaphragm is ruptured. You may otherwise identify the scope of
repair before arriving at the transmitter.
You can rerange from a remote site without needing to
recalibrate.
Smart technology requires less hardware, which means fewer
transmitters.
Smart transmitters also provide materials of construction
information.
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Responder estas preguntas antes de seguir.
Pregunta 1. Que significa transmisor inteligente?
Pregunta 2. Como se detecta una falla de hardware en un transmisor
inteligente y como en un analógico.
Pregunta 3. Cual es la salida de Miliampers para una falla de
sobrepresión?
Pregunta 4. Que significa condición de sobre presión?
Smart Transmitters
1. Smart instruments are Rosemount's pressure, temperature, level,
and flow instruments with microprocessor-based digital electronics,
and digital communication.
2. Smart transmitters are microprocessor based and can therefore be
programmed to detect hardware failures. Smart transmitters can
fault to a jumper selectable 3.8 mA or 21.75 mA only.
3. Under pressure = 3.9 mA.
Over pressure = 20.8 mA.
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En esta sección usted aprenderá acerca del protocolo HART
Después de terminar esta sección usted será capaz de:
Explicar como la señal de comunicación digital es superimpuesta a
la señal de 4-20mA.
Explicar porque una resistencia de carga de 250 ohms es requerida
en el lazo de comunicación.
Determinar en que parte del lazo puede ser conectado en
configurador.
HART® is a communications standard that provides simultaneous
analog and digital signal transmission between control rooms and
field devices such as transmitters. All Rosemount Smart family
products communicate using the HART® protocol.
With the HART® Smart communications protocol, up to 15 transmitters
can be connected on a single twisted pair of wires or over leased
phone lines. Each transmitter is identified by a unique address and
responds to the commands defined in the HART® protocol.
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HART® User Group se forma 1990
Soporte para HART® creció de 18 a 79 compañías
70% de instrumentos de medición usan protocolo HART®
De echo ya es un estándar en industrias del mundo.
FIELD COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOL
®
The HART® protocol uses Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) based on Bell
202 where “1” = 1200 Hz.
Combines HART® modem and digital to analog conversion
function.
Simultaneous communication using HART® protocol.
The digital format allows the display of processing variable
information in engineering units as well as access to diagnostics
information.
Bell 202 is the physical layer of communication, while HART could
be said to be the protocol. Similar to RS485 is a physical layer,
and MODBUS is the communication protocol.
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+0.5 mA
–0.5 mA
“1” = 1200 Hz
“0” = 2200 Hz
The frequency of the signal imposed on the process variable output
is either 1200 or 2200 Hz. The HART® protocol can be imposed on the
process variable (PV) signal without interrupting the transmitter.
The Model 275 picks up the 1200 or 2200 Hz frequency shifts, 0
& 1’s.
The digital signal does not affect the analog value because the net
average digital signal value is 0.
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Corriente
E
A 250 ohm resistor is required to create a strong enough digital
signal. The HART signal must be at least .125 volts for HART
circuits to recognize it as a valid signal. Typical HART digital
signal is .6 volt peak to peak.
If resistance is below 250 ohms, the digital signal may be too
small or to weak.
E = I*R
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A works, & E may work if load is large enough
G & D will not work,
B works, C - maybe
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Responder la siguientes preguntas..
Pregunta 1. Cual es la relación que existe entre la señal digital y
la señal de 4-20mA
Pregunta 2. Cual es la mínima resistencia para sostener el lazo de
comunicaciones? Porque?
Pregunta 3. En que parte del lazo podemos conectar un dispositivo
de comunicación?
Pregunta 4. Que protocolo físico utiliza HART para su
comunicación?
1. HART stands for Highway Addressable Remote Transducer.
2. The digital communications ride on the 4-20 mA signal.
3. Minimum resistance = 250 ohms to establish HART® Protocol
communications between the transmitter and the interface.
4. Communications may be maintained from the transmitter, the
control room, or any place within the loop as long as the interface
is parallel to the minimum required loop resistance.
5. Smart equipment uses the Highway Addressable Remote Transducer
(HART®) communications protocol of Bell 202 FSK
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INTRODUCCION
En esta sección usted aprenderá la teoría de operación de el modelo
de transmisor 1151S, sus componentes, técnica de medición ,
opciones, y especificaciones.
Después de terminar esta sección usted será capaz de:
Identificar y describir los principales compones, así como su
funcionalidad.
Explicar la teoría de operación del modulo sensor.
Identificar las diferencia entre un transmisor analógico y uno
inteligente.
Explicar las posibles salidas.
Explicar las especificaciones básicas.
Always be aware of safety factors when working with the 1151S
system. Remember that explosions can cause death or serious injury.
Before putting the Models 1151S and 275 into operation in an
explosive atmosphere, make sure that the instruments in the loop
are installed in accordance with intrinsically safe or nonincendive
field wiring practices.
Remember too that process leaks can also cause death or serious
injury. Install and maintain your system to minimize the risk of
process leaks. Use only Rosemount spare parts and make certain to
order the correct parts, such as O-rings or bolts, for your
application.
The electronics equipment in the 1151S is electrostatically
sensitive. Use approved field practices when working with this
equipment.
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Microprocesador
Linearizacion
EEPROM
Comunicación
Digital
Presión
D/A
µ
A/D
Comunicación
Process pressure is transmitted through an isolating diaphragm and
silicone oil fill fluid to a sensing diaphragm in the center of the
d-cell. The reference pressure is transmitted to the other side of
the sensing diaphragm. Capacitance plates detect the position of
the diaphragm.
Demodulator - a diode bridge that rectifies the ac signal generated
by the “meissner” type oscillator.
Analog-to-digital (A/D) converter - converts the current from the
demodulator into a digital word.
Microprocessor - controls the operation of the transmitter. It also
performs calculations for sensor linearazation, reranging, eng.
units conversion, damping, square root, sensor trim, diagnostics,
and digital communications
Memory module - holds all configuration, characterization, and
digital trim data that can be changed by the transmitter
software.
Digital-to-analog converter - changes the corrected digital signal
from the microprocessor to a 4-20 mA analog signal that is applied
to the output loop.
Digital communications - HART - provides an interface between the
transmitter and external devices, such as the Model 275.
Integral span and zero buttons - are read by the microprocessor
which then stores the new range information in the memory
module.
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llenado
Cables
de
conexión
The differential capacitance between the sensing diaphragm and the
capacitor plate is measured electronically and converted to a
digital format. The microprocessor corrects the digital signal
based on stored characterization values, and the corrected signal
is available for readout and transmission to suitable digital
interface devices. This digital representation is then converted to
an analog output signal dependent upon transmitter configuration
and is available for use with conventional instrumentation.
Process pressure is applied to either the low side or high side.
Pressure goes through fill fluid to the sensing diaphragm in the
center of the “delta” cell. This movement causes a change in the
capacitance value output from the module. Capacitance plates on
both sides of the sensing diaphragm detect the position of the
center diaphragm.
Built in overpressure protection.
Possible discuss types of fill fluid, and isolating diaphragm
material.
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SENSOR DE CAPACITANCIA
El Elemento sensor es en realidad 2 placas de capacitor con un
diafragma sensor común.
La presión del proceso es llevada al centro del sensor a través de
el fluido de relleno
El diafragma sensor deflexiona proporcional a la presión
diferencial.
El cambio de capacitancia es llevado a través de los cables de
conexión.
Protección Inherente a sobre presión.
DIAFRAGMA
SENSOR
AISLAMIENTO
RIGIDO
From PDS
During operation, the isolating diaphragms detect and transmit the
process pressure to the oil fill fluid. The fluid in turn transmits
the process pressure to the sensing diaphragm in the center of the
“delta” Cell (trademark). The sensing diaphragm deflects in
response to differential pressure across it.
The displacement of the sensing diaphragm, a max deflection of
0.004 in (0.10 mm), is proportional to the applied pressure.
Capacitor plates on both sides of the sensing diaphragm detect the
position of the diaphragm.
The transmitter electronics convert the differential capacitance
between the sensing diaphragm and the capacitor plates into a
two-wire, 4-20 mA dc signal and a digital output signal.
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Discuss slide
Serial Number, Module number, and range are indicated clearly on
the side of the module. Material of construction, and fill fluid
type are also listed.
There are no boxes to check like on the old unit, just this sensors
information is shown so it should be less confusing.
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Absoluto
x
x
Old style, several type and range choices are on label, but the
sensors range and type will have their box checked. .
Absolute, Low side is built to cause a constant offset equal to
atmospheric pressure 14.xx psi. on the sensing diaphragm. So as
pressure on high side changes it would be referenced to
atmosphere.
Would we be better showing absolute on different slide? If yes let
me know
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Botones de Zero y Span
The electronics module consists of a single board incorporating
ASIC and surface mount technology. This module accepts the digital
input signal from the sensor module, along with the correction
coefficients, and then corrects and linearizes the output signal.
The module memory EEPROM stores data from the characterization, a
process in which the module is subjected to pressure inputs of 0,
60, 100, -60, -100 %. The data generated from this process is
stored in the electronic board. If an electronic board or sensor
module is replaced the xmtr must be characterized again.
The board also contains the Write-Protect transmitter security
jumper, which allows you to protect your configuration by setting
the board as Read-Only. the MODAC, the module connection, and the
high/low failure setting.
If the diagnostic routine detects a failure in a transmitter, the
transmitter drives its output either below or above specific values
depending on the position of the failure mode jumper. The default
for this jumper is set to the “HIGH” position. To avoid exposing
the transmitter electronics to the plant environment after
installation, set this jumper on the bench. Make sure you position
the jumper correctly.
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{
As an important safety note, remember that process leaks can cause
death or serious injury. The 1151S must be properly installed,
using approved parts in good condition, to avoid process leaks. Use
only bolts supplied with the 1151S or sold by Rosemount, Inc..
Unauthorized bolts may reduce pressure retaining capabilities and
may render the instrument dangerous.
It is also critical that the O-rings are in optimal condition. Do
not re-use O-rings that nave been nicked, cut, or have deteriorated
in any way, as this will affect their sealing capabilities. Inspect
O-rings thoroughly when installing them, if there is any doubt
install new o-rings.
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Go through typical model number of a 1151S.
Discuss different options available such as:
fill fluid
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NEW
Modular Design
Electronics Options
Low-Power
Discuss typical accuracy of 1151, discuss specs, accuracy, max
pressure ratings, temperature operating limits, both process and
ambient.
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Pregunta 1. Que tipo de sensor usa el transmisor 1151?
Pregunta 2. Nombre los principales componentes de el transmisor
1151S.
Pregunta 3. Cual seria el modelo que ordenaría para un 1151S
Presión diferencial hasta 1000 InH2O de 316 SST, Tubería de 2in,
Display LCD, Con aprobación FM ?
Pregunta 4. Nombre tres beneficios de tener un transmisor
inteligente en lugar de un analógico.
Overview
1. Capacitance.
2. Sensor, Housing, amp board, header board, calibration board,
bolts, covers, O-rings, process adapters.
3. 1151DP6S22B1M4
4. Any four of these five: sensor correction, diagnostics, memory,
communications, local zero and span adjust.
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Low
side
100 %
60 %
0 %
-100 %
- 60 %
D/A
µ
A/D
Communications
When the retrofit process is complete, the transmitter is ready to
be characterized. Characterization is a one-time calibration of the
sensor in the Model 1151. During characterization, known pressures
are applied to the sensor, and corresponding digital values are
stored in the EEPROM located in the smart transmitter electronics.
The microprocessor uses these values to make linearization
corrections. The digital-to-analog converter then converts the
corrected digital signal into a 4-20 mA dc output. The model 1151
will stay in high alarm (approximately 21.75 mA output) until the
characterization sequence is completed.
NOTE: The transmitter must be recharacterized if either the sensor
module or the Smart transmitter electronics are repaired or
replaced.
The 1151 Smart transmitter, in contrast to the retrofitted 1151, is
characterized before being shipped from the factory or the service
center.
Note: It is also a good idea to exercise the the sensor module to
make certain the center diaphragm is in its resting position before
characterization. This is done by apply the URL pressure to the low
side, then to the high side, then again to the low side and again
to the high side.
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Pregunta 1. Cuantas veces se requiere caracterizar un transmisor
1151S?
Pregunta 2. A que valores se debe caracterizar un sensor de
1151?
Retrofitting
1. Remove the existing electronics; install the Smart electronics;
characterize the transmitter.
2. The notched side.
3. Only once, unless you do another board swapping or module
replacement.
4. The 0 pressure point and plus 60%, plus 100%, minus 60%, and
minus 100% of sensor limits.
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Pruebas de Banco
En esta sección usted aprenderá lo necesario para hacer una
calibración de banco.
Después de completar esta sección usted será capaz de:
Conocer la lista de equipo necesario para calibrar un 1151S
Explicar la tabla de carga
Hacer las conexiones en la forma apropiada.
Discuss what will be covered in this section:
test equipment
load chart
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Multimetro - 4 1/2 Digit
Fuente de presión - 0.015% de precisión
Ejemplos de equipo usado en el centro de servicio:
Ametek PK - 854WCSS 0.015% de lectura (Corregida a valores
locales)
Ametek RK - 300 0.015% de lectura (Corregida a valores
locales)
Ametek HK - 1000 0.025% de lectura (Corregida a valores
locales)
Ametek TQ - 1100. 0.025% de lectura (Corregida a valores
locales)
Resistencia de carga - Mínimo 250 Ohms
500 Ohm 0.01% 2 Watt - (sugerida)
Configurador HART 275
Before putting the Model 1151S into operation, you should
commission the instrument using the Model 275. Commissioning
consists of testing the transmitter and loop and verifying the
transmitter configuration data. The 1151 may be commissioned either
before or after installation, but it may be useful to commission it
on the bench to confirm that it is in good working order and to
familiarize yourself with the transmitter.
To commission on the bench, connect the transmitter and the Model
275. It is most convenient to connect the 275 leads to the
terminals labeled “COMM” on the terminal block. For 1151S
transmitters, you will need a 12-45 V dc power supply and a meter
to measure output current.
Equipment you will need to perform bench testing includes a dc
power supply, and a current meter, such as the Model 262
Calibrator/Indicator.
Point out that the test equipment should be 3-5 more accurate than
the instrument being calibrated.
NOTE: A resistance of at least 250 ohms must be present between the
Model 275 and the power supply for communications to operate.
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La comunicación requiere un mínimo de 250 Ohms en lazo.
Carga (Ohms)
La línea roja punteada es un
ejemplo de carga máxima
500Ohms-24VDC
1440
0
500
1000
The power supplied to the transmitter should not drop below the
transmitter lift-off voltage (12 volts). If the transmitter is
being configured when the power drops below the lift-off voltage,
the configuration information may not be interpreted correctly by
the transmitter.
Typical loops are 24 volts.
Show typical 24 volt loop has max load of 550 Ohms.
Max loop resistance as indicated in 1151S manual is 1650 Ohms for
elect. code S, E, and J.
For elect. code G the max load is 1100 Ohms, and the lift off (or
Minimum voltage is 30 Volts.
With 250 Ohms
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+
-
WARNING: Explosions can cause death or serious injury. Do not
remove the instrument cover in explosive atmospheres when the
circuit is alive.
CAUTION: Do not connect the power signal wiring to the test
terminals. Voltage may burn out the reverse-polarity protection
diode in the test connection. If the test diode is destroyed, the
transmitter can still be operated without local indication by
jumping the test terminals.
CAUTION: High voltage (greater than 50 V and greater that 0.005
amperes) can cause damage to the transmitter. Do not apply high
voltage to the test terminals.
WARNING: Explosions can cause death or serious injury. Before
connecting the Models 275 or 268 in an explosive atmosphere, make
sure the instruments in the loop are installed in accordance with
intrinsically safe or nonincendive field wiring practice.
Test equipment should be 3-5 times more accurate than device being
calibrated. Picture is typical bench set up at Rosemount service
centers.
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Responda las siguientes preguntas antes de continuar.
Pregunta 1. Liste los 5 componentes necesarios para hacer una
prueba de banco:
Pregunta . Explique porque y que características de presición debe
tener el equipo de pruebas.
Pregunta 3. Usando la ecuación de máxima carga, diga el valor de la
misma para una fuente de 36VDC
RL = 43.5 (Vps - 12)
1. Power supply, multimeter, pressure source, load resistor, and a
Model 268/275 interface.
2. The accuracy of the testing equipment sets the limit of the
accuracy of the transmitter because the transmitter can only be
calibrated to the tolerances of the test equipment’s ability to
measure.
3. RL = 43.5(36-12)
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Curso 2051
HART COMMUNICATOR
En esta sección usted aprenderá los básicos sobre el configurador
HART 275
Al terminar usted será capaz de:
Explicar la operación de el teclado.
Describir las tres locaciones de memoria y sus diferencias.
Describir la pantalla de inicio.
Moverse dentro del menú de configuración
Caracterizar un Modelo 1151 Smart.
The Model 275 provides a common communications link to the
Rosemount family of microprocessor-based instruments. The Model 275
can communicate with any of the Rosemount Smart instruments from
any wiring termination point in the loop provided there is a
minimum of 250 ohms between the connection and the power
supply.
The Model 275 communicates with a transmitter using the Bell 202
standard Frequency Shift Keying technique. The Rosemount
implementation of this technique uses high-frequency digital
signals superimposed on the standard 4-20 mA transmitter output to
communicate over the loop. Because the net energy added to the loop
is zero (average value of digital signal is 0) communication does
not disturb the 4-20 mA signal.
Will discuss features of 275, and menu trees.
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Serial Port
This function works on 275 with software 3.5 or greater. AMS uses
this function.
Display
Shows more information than 268, 8 lines with 21 characters per
line
Action keys
The six blue, white and black keys. ON/OFF turns power on &
off. DIRECTIONAL KEYS move the cursor up, down, left or right. The
Right arrow selects menu options, and left returns to the previous
menu. HOT KEY is used to quickly access important user-selectable
options. FUNCTION KEYS are software defined, common tasks are:
home, send, save.
ALPHANUMERIC & SHIFT
Used for fast selection and data entry. Shift is used to select
which alpha character to enter on the keypad.
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Teclado y tarjetas electrónicas
NiCad = 60 Horas
Alkaline = 150 Horas
The Model 275 is available with a battery pack that holds five “AA”
alkaline cells, or with a rechargeable nickel-cadmium (NiCad) power
pack. NiCad batteries work fine, but only if you follow the
charging and discharging cycles.
The service life of the batteries is as follows:
Alkaline: approximately 150 hours
NiCad: approximately 60 hours
A low-battery indicator “LB” will appear in the lower right-hand
corner of the display when approximately one-half hour of battery
life remains.
To conserve battery life, the Model 275 automatically shuts itself
OFF after 20 minutes without a key press. This automatic shutoff
function is disabled while the Model 275 is displaying the process
variable or an error message.
The Model 275 is a very reliable piece of hardware and seldom
fails. If it does fail, check the batteries first. If the batteries
are still serviceable, check the keypad.
Rosemount recommends all 275 HC’s to be sold with 4 Meg
Memory.
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275
Together, the transmitter and Model 275 contain three memory
storage locations. Two reside in the Model 275, and one in the
transmitter itself. The memory storage locations are: Module
Memory, 275 Memory, and Transmitter Memory. Note that the only
direct path for data between the Module Memory and the transmitter
memory is through the 275 memory.
Module Memory is the memory location in the Model 275 where
existing transmitter information parameters can be saved upon
start-up. If you make changes to the transmitter configuration that
you want to “undo” you can call the information from the module
memory and send it to the transmitter to retain its original
configuration. Provided you saved it first.
275 Memory is the memory location in the Model 275 that stores data
as it is being entered. It receives the transmitter’s configuration
data upon start-up or restarting. This is sometimes referred to as
Working memory.
Transmitter Memory is the nonvolatile memory in the transmitter.
The transmitter uses the contents of this memory to determine how
it operates.
Data pack is an addition memory location that can store about 100
typical xmtr configurations.
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2 PV 75.00 inH2O
3 AO 12.00 mA
4 LRV 0.00 inH2O
5 URV 150.00 inH2O
F1 F2 F3 F4
275 does a test on itself (self test) upon power up of 275. Shows
firmware and module revs.
Right screen is example of 275 screen when a 1151S xmtr is first
found after 275 is turned on.
Online startup screen shows xmtr type that was found and the PV,
AO, LRV, & URV.
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On/Off turns the unit on and off.
Previous Function returns you to the last decision level and allows
you to select a different software-defined key function. It is also
useful for returning to a familiar menu when you lose your place in
an unfamiliar operation.
Select Key selects or enters line that is highlighted
Explain the up, down arrows
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NORMAL
BURST
Discuss how the icons can easily show you what the 275 is doing if
you know what the icons mean.
Example the heart may be blinking when performing a function. Heart
will be solid when a xmtr is configured with its output in “burst”
mode.
Parent menu shows what menu you are now in.
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2 Scaled D to A Trim
1 Keypad
Discuss the little 275 menu cards for the 1151S
This is just a partial menu, see manual for complete menu, or
reference 275 quick reference cards.
This would be a great time to hand out the 275 quick reference
cards for the 1151S or the complete pack if you have them. Or use
the 275 HART communicator book .
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Burst Mode Control 1, 4, 3, 4, 3
Burst Operation 1, 4, 3, 4, 4
Calibration 1, 2, 3
Damping 1, 3, 6
D/A Trim (4-20 mA Output) 1, 2, 3, 2, 1
Field Device Info 1, 4, 4, 1
Full Trim 1, 2, 3, 3
Keypad Input 1, 2, 3, 1, 1
Loop Test 1, 2, 2
Lower Range Value 4, 1
Lower Sensor Trim 1, 2, 3, 3, 2
Message 1, 3, 4, 3
Meter Type 1, 3, 4, 5
Number of Requested Preambles 1, 4, 3, 4, 2
Poll Address 1, 4, 3, 4, 1
Pressure 2
Range Values 1, 3, 3
Rerange 1, 2, 3, 1
Scaled D/A Trim (4-20 mA Output) 1, 2, 3, 2, 2
Self Test (Transmitter) 1, 2, 1, 1
Sensor Info 1, 4, 4, 2
Sensor Temperature 1, 1, 4
Sensor Temperature Units 1, 4, 1, 2, 2
Sensor Trim Points 1, 2, 3, 3, 4
Status 1, 2, 1, 2
Tag 1, 3, 1
Trim Analog Output 1, 2, 3, 2
Units (Process Variable) 1, 3, 2
Upper Range Value 5, 2
Upper Sensor Trim 1, 2, 3, 3, 3
Zero Trim 1, 2, 3, 3, 1
Yes text is hard to read, best to have students use the manual or
275 quick reference cards.
Point out you can just look up what numbers to press to perform a
function instead of trying to work through menu tree.
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4
2
3
4
5
Continua
Continua
ABORT
ENTER
ABORT
ABORT
ENTER
ABORT
ENTER
ABORT
ABORT
ENTER
OK
DEL
OK
Point out the operator needs to press F4 to enter, and then go to
the next process. Characterize is applying pressure at 0, 60, 100,
-60 and -100 percent points. Cover this topic if it has not been
covered yet.
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Continua
ABORT
OK
ABORT
OK
ABORT
ENTER
DEL
ABORT
ENTER
DEL
ABORT
ENTER
ABORT
OK
More screen flow, point out 275 asks if negative region will be
characterized.
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ABORT
OK
ABORT
ENTER
DEL
ABORT
ENTER
DEL
ABORT
ENTER
ABORT
OK
You can back up during the characterization sequence to review or
change a previous screen by pressing >>>. Pressing
>>> during the pressure input section of the
characterization sequence brings you back to the 0% input
value.
NOTE: The 10-second “Pressure Stabilizing” message appears for all
pressure inputs in the characterization sequence. This is to allow
sufficient time for the input pressure to stabilize. Characterizing
a Model 1151 Smart transmitter with remote seals requires
additional stabilization because of the remote seals time response.
Therefore, when characterizing a Model 1151 Smart with remote
seals, allow an additional 90 seconds per 10 feet (3 meters) of
capillary before pressing the “ENTER” button, which appears in the
next screen.
After characterizing the transmitter it is good practice to check
the characterization by applying 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, and 0%
URL pressure to the transmitter. If the output is not within
accuracy requirements, it may be necessary to recharacterize the
transmitter.
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* Siguiendo los pasos anteriores para este laboratorio.
If running low on time skip the negative characterization.
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OUTPUT INFORMATION: (Software Selectable)
4 mA= ________________________________ O* Key
Requires C9 Option
Units = qinh2O* q psi q Pa * inH2O for Ranges 3-5 in.
qinHg q bar q kPa * psi for Ranges 6-0 in.
qftH2O q mbar q Torr
qmmH2O q g/cm2 q Atm
qmmHg q kg/cm2
Damping = _________ seconds (Damping is electronically adjustable
in 0.1 seconds in increments from 0.0 to 16.0 seconds)
TRANSMITTER INFORMATION: (Software Selectable)
Descriptor: |_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_| (16 characters
maximum)
Message:
|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|
(32 characters maximum)
day Month Year
This is an example of the first part of the 1151S CDS, shows
customer, tag 4-20 mA, units, damping, descriptor and date
information.
A copy of the CDS is shipped in the box with the 115S.
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IntegralMeter: q Installed q None
Flange Material: q 316 SST q Hastelloy C q Monel q Carbon Steel q
Special
O-ring Material: q Viton q Buna-N q Ethylene-Propylene
q Teflon q Special
Isolator Material: q 316 SST q Hastelloy C q Monel
q Tantalum q Gold/Monel q Special
Sensor Fluid: q Silicone q Inert
Drain/Vent Valves: q 316 SST q Hastelloy C q Monel q Carbon Steel q
Special
Remote Seal Type: q No Seal q CTW q EFWl q PFW q RFW
q RTW q SCW q SSW q Special
Remote Seal Fill Fluid: q No Seal q Silicone q Syltherm 800 q
Inert
q Glycerin/H2O q Hastelloy C q Monel q Carbon Steel q Special
Remote Seal Isoltr Mat’l:q No Seal q 316 SST q Hastelloy C
q Tantalum q Special
Number of Remote Seals: q No Seal q One q Two
HARDWARE SELECTABLE INFORMATION:
SIGNAL SELECTION:
q 4-20 mA with simultaneous digital signal based on HARTâ
protocol
q Burst mode of HART digital process variable
Burst Mode output options:
q Primary variable in percent of range
q All dynamic variables in engineering units and the primary
variable mA value
q Multidrop Communication: Choose transmitter address (1-15)
___________
This part of the cds shows remote seal, flange and material of
construction information.
A copy of the CDS is shipped in the box with the 115S.
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275 "APPLY VALUES"
275 "KEYPAD"
The reranging procedure is normally performed only at start
up.
Reranging with the keypad changes the 4 and 20 mA points
independently. This means that changing either the 4 or 20 mA
setting also changes the span. The 4 and 20 mA output is based on
the transmitter’s existing digital calibration. Before reranging
with the keypad, make sure the transmitter is correctly
interpreting the process variable input.
Reranging the 4 mA point with a pressure input source will maintain
the same span. Note that when using a pressure source, the 4 and 20
mA setpoints are based on the transmitter’s interpretation of the
pressure input you have provided.
It is also possible to rerange with the span and zero pushbuttons
located within the circuit side of the electronics housing on the
electronics faceplate. Note that both the lower and upper range
values must fall within the lower and upper range limits of the
sensor module, and meet the minimum and maximum span criteria
allowed by the transmitter.
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F1
F2
F3
F4
1151:PT-5639
F1
F2
F3
F4
F1
F2
F3
F4
1151:PT-5639
URV
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F1
F2
F3
F4
1151:PT-5639
F1
F2
F3
F4
F1
F2
F3
F4
1151:PT-5639
0.00
HELP
HELP
HOME
HELP
HOME
HELP
HOME
HOME
HELP
DEL
ENTER
ESC
This is the preferred method when 4-20 mA points are known.
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F1
F2
F3
F4
1151:PT-5639
F1
F2
F3
F4
F1
F2
F3
F4
1151:PT-5639
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Continua
F1
F2
F3
F4
1151:PT-5639
F1
F2
F3
F4
F1
F2
F3
F4
1151:PT-5639
2 Read new value
3 Leave as found
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sent to the device.
HOME
HELP
HOME
HELP
OK
ENTER
ESC
SEND
HOME
ABORT
Changing units screen flow. Remember to send new units to xmtr.
This is where the “computation that was mentioned earlier in class
comes into play.
Explain microprocessor calculates new values (range points, sensor
limits) based on the new units selected.
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FULL SCALE
Square Root Curve
When the square root output option is active, the Model 1151S
analog output is proportional to flow. To avoid the extremely high
gain that results as the input approaches zero, the Model 1151S
automatically switches to a linear output in order to ensure a more
stable output near zero.
The transition from linear to square root is not adjustable. It
occurs at 0.8% of ranged pressure input or 9% of full-scale flow
output in transmitters with Revision 5.2.x software. In earlier
software, the transition point occurred at 4% of ranged pressure
input, or 20% of full scale flow output.
The transition from linear to square root output is smooth, with no
step change or discontinuity in output.
From 0% to 0.6% of the ranged pressure input, the slope of the
curve is unity (y = x). This allows accurate calibration near zero.
Greater slopes would cause large changes in output for small
changes at input. From 0.6% to 0.8%, the slope of the curve equals
42 (y = 42x) to achieve continuous transition from linear to square
root at the transition point.
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Linear Section
of Curve
This chart shows what happens to the output signal below 5.96 mA.
See 1151 manual page10-3 for complete description. Just trying to
point out at the low end a small pressure change on the input would
cause a large output change when it is in the square root
mode.
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HOME
HELP
HOME
HELP
SEND
HOME
ENTER
ESC
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1. Alimente el transmisor
4. Que rango tiene?
5. Que damping tiene?
6. Cheque la calibración.
PV mA Salida Analogica
8. Cambie el rango de 0-4.5PSI (SEND)
0%
100%
10. Porque podria ser diferente la presión leida en el 275?
11. Por que podria el multimetro tener una diferente lectura de
mA?
PRESION SALIDA
PV mA Salida Analogica
You will need the following items for this lab:
Model 275 interface
1151S transmitter
This lab simulates a performance check. It also implies a schedule
for preventative maintenance (PM).
In Steps 10 and 11, note that the 275 is reading the
microprocessor; therefore, the pressures might be different.
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HOME
HELP
HOME
OK
ABORT
ENTER
ABORT
Test functions verify that the transmitter, the Model 275, and the
loop are in good working order. Testing is recommended whenever you
suspect component failure or a problem with loop performance. To
initiate the test function, press 2 Diag/Serv on the top-level
function screen.
To test the Model 275, press TEST (1) on the top-level test menu.
From this display, you can continue to test the Model 275 or first
review all of the transmitters/software revision levels with which
the Model 275 can communicate.
Although the Model 1151S performs continuous self-diagnostics, a
more extensive diagnostic routine can be initiated with the
transmitter test function. The transmitter test routine can
identify an electronics failure. Press XMTR TEST (2) on the
top-level test menu.
The loop test allows you to verify the output of the transmitter,
the integrity of the loop, and the operation of any recorders or
similar devices. If you are commissioning the transmitter on the
bench, you should repeat this test after the transmitter has been
installed in the field. Press LOOP TEST (3) on the top-level test
menu.
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3. Conecte su multimetro a las terminales de prueba.
4. Simule 4mA
6. Simule 20mA.
8. Simule 14.6 mA.
10. Apague el 275.
12. Encienda el 275 . Note los avisos.
13. Apague momentaneamente el transmisor
14. Cual es la salida?
* Asegurese de salir bien de loop test.
This lab will take approximately ## minutes.
You will need the following items for this lab:
meter
1151S transmitter
In steps 10 and 11, if you do not select END TEST, you can lock up
the system. A warning message will remind you if the test is not
ended.
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Responda estas preguntas antes de continuar.
Pregunta 1. Como se hace una calibración en un 1151 Smart?
Pregunta 2. Que acciones puede usted realizar en Basic setup?
Pregunta 3. Que acciones puede usted realizar en Diag/serv?
1. By comparing the supplied pressure to the PV reading on the 275,
and comparing the transmitter output on a DVM to the PV output
shown on the 275.
2. Change the Configuration data.
3. Perform digital trims such as sensor trim (full and zero),
configuration data, and output trim.
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Terminada esta lección usted será capaz de:
Conocer la diferencia entre calibrar y cambiar de rango.
Determinar cuando se requiere una calibración
Hacer un sensor trim.
Hacer un output trim.
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Calibration involves configuring the output-related parameters and
performing sensor and analog output trims. It ensures that the
transmitter is properly interpreting the data that it
gathers.
Complete calibration means --
1. Configuring the output parameters, including setting the range
points (4 & 20 mA), the output units (such as psi), and the
output type (linear or square root). Note that each procedure in
configuring the output parameters is an on-line procedure requiring
the Model 275.
2. Perform either a full sensor trim or a zero trim.
3. Perform an analog output trim.
Not all calibration procedures should be performed for each model
1151S transmitter, while some procedures are appropriate only to
bench calibration and should not be done in the field. In general,
parameters can be reconfigured if necessary, but most trim tasks
should be done at the bench. Also, do not confuse the digital trim
procedures with reranging. although you can still match a pressure
input to a 4 or 20 mA output through reranging, you have not
affected the transmitter’s interpretation of that input. With a
Smart transmitter, you can alter the interpretation itself. Sensor
trim alters the transmitter’s interpretation of input signal. The
4-20 mA analog output trim alters the transmitter’s conversion of
that interpretation into an analog 4-20 mA output.
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Curso 2051
SENSOR TRIM
Zero Trim
Es el ajuste de cero, cuya desviación pudo ser causada por:
Efecto de montaje
Cambios en las características de el modulo
Variaciones en equipo de prueba
Each Model 1151S is factory characterized, which is the process of
comparing a known pressure input with the output of each
transmitter sensor module over the entire pressure and temperature
operating range. This comparison information is stored in the
transmitter EEPROM. In operation, the transmitter uses this
factory-stored curve to produce a process variable output, in
engineering units, dependent on the pressure input. The sensor trim
calibration procedure allows you to make corrections to the
calculated process variable.
There are two ways to trim the sensor: full sensor trim and zero
trim. A full sensor trim is a two point process, in which two
accurate end-point pressures are applied; these are equal to or
greater than the range values. All output is linearized between
these two pressures. A zero trim is a one-point adjustment
typically used to compensate for mounting position effects or zero
shifts caused by static pressure.
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–50”
Actual
Ideal
D/A
µ
A/D
Communications
The low trim value should be trimmed first. This provides a stable
reference for additional sensor trim adjustment, because it
provides an offset correction to the factory-established
characterization curve. Adjustment of the high trim value provides
a slope or gain correction to the characterization curve based on
the low trim value. In neither case is the factory-established
characterization curve changed by full sensor trim. The trim values
allow you to optimize performance over your specific measuring
range at the calibration temperature.
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This is example of test setup to perform full trim
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Low
Trim
High
Trim
150"
0"
150"
0"
150"
0"
Pressure
Input
Start
150"
0"
Pressure
Input
150"
0"
Pressure
Input
150"
0"
Actual
Ideal
The purpose of the full sensor trim is to bring the 0” and 150”
points into agreement. Remember that the low trim need not be zero;
the low trim is the 4 mA point.
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LAB 5 : FULL TRIM
1. Hacer coincidir equipo de prueba con transmisor mediante sensor
full trim.
F1
F2
F3
F4
1151:PT-5639
F1
F2
F3
F4
HOME
1151:PT-5639
Diag/Service
HOME
HOME
INSTRUCTOR: You must reset the trims on each transmitter prior to
this lab, so the Learner can trim it to correct settings.
Each lab team will need a power supply, the 1151S transmitter, a
pressure pump (or precision pressure source), a precision digital
volt meter (DVM) or current meter, and a Model 275 communications
interface. Allow approximately 10 minutes for this lab.
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pudo ser causada por:
Efecto de presión estática
Do not perform a zero trim to correct for mounting position effects
on the Model 1151 Absolute Pressure Transmitter. Instead, perform
the low trim value portion of the full sensor trim procedure, as
this provides a “zero” correction similar to the Zero Trim
Function, but does not require the input to be zero based.
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PV: 0.85 InH20
Output: 4.22 mA
Zero Pushbutton
Zero Trim
Range Points: 0 - 60 InH20
Remember that a zero push-buttons will change the range points, but
the span itself will stay the same.
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Complete la siguiente tabla:
1. Ponga el transmisor en posición vertical. (Línea 1)
2. Acueste el transmisor con la electrónica hacia arriba. (Línea
2)
3. Ajuste a cero con los pushbuttons. (Línea 3)
Nota: El configurador 275 no sabe aún que hizo cambios con el
275.
4. Cambie el rango del transmisor (Línea 4)
5. Ajuste a cero con el 275, Zero Trim. (Línea 5)
1. Upright
2. Side
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Keep the transmitter in the upright position when filling out table
values for step one. The balance of the exercise is done with the
transmitter lying on its side.
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50 InH20
2 PV 50.00 inH2O
3 AO 12.00 mA
4 LRV 0.00 inH2O
5 URV 150.00 inH2O
When you trim the output, you make adjustments to the output
circuitry. The appropriate shift will be made for all intermediate
points between 4 and 20 mA.
The Model 275 will allow you to trim the D/A converter by using a
current meter or voltage meter. If you are using a current meter,
use the standard Analog Output Trim. If you are using a volt meter
or if your meter’s display does not read out in 4-20 mA, use the
trim sequence called Analog Output Trim: Other Scale. For low power
transmitters, use the sequence called Analog Output Trim: Low
Power. Whichever kind of meter you use, it must be capable of
reading ±1 microamp.
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Meter
Reading
Actual
Ideal
D/A
µ
A/D
Communications
The last calibration is the analog output trim, which modifies the
transmitter conversion of the digital signal into an analog output.
After the microprocessor conditions the sensor signals, it outputs
a digital word, and the digital-to-analog output circuitry converts
the word to an analog signal for use in the 4 to 20 mA
communications line. After a period of time and use, it may be
necessary to check and trim this circuitry. The 4-20 mA output trim
function can also be used to make adjustments to allow for
peculiarities of a particular readout device in the loop. This
procedure requires a Model 275.
To determine when you need to trim the output: Connect a Model 275
and a precision milliamp meter capable of reading ±1 microamp.
Enter the LOOP TEST mode and follow the loop test procedure to set
the transmitter to 4 mA output. The milliamp meter’s reading should
be within ±3 microamps of 4 mA. Then set the transmitter to 20 mA
and check the meter. The reading should be within ±3 microamps of
20 mA. If the values on the meter exceed this tolerance range, you
should trim the output.
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HOME
HOME
HOME
HOME
HELP
OK
ABORT
To trim the output, press 4-20 TRIM on the top-level digital trim
menu. The second screen allows you to match your meter type to the
test. If you are using a current meter, choose 4 to 20 mA. If you
are using a volt meter, choose Other Scale.
Connect your meter and press OK. Confirm once again by pressing OK
a second time. When the next display appears, enter the value shown
on the milliamp meter and press ENTER . If necessary, use the <-
and -> keys to move the underline cursor, and enter the value
using the alphanumeric keys on the Model 275. Press CLR to clear
the value and start over. Press ENTER after you key in the
value.
In the next display, verify that the changes are correct. If the
output reading is within ±3 microamps of that on the current meter,
press YES . If the readings are not identical, press NO. The
previous display value will reappear, allowing you to enter the
current meter value again. Repeat this process until the readings
are within ±3 microamps. Once the 4 mA point is set, press
OK.
This same sequence will appear for the 20 mA readings.
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equal to reference meter?
equal to reference meter?
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3. Conecte su multimetro a las terminales “test “.
4. Haga un ajuste de salida con Output Trim 4 y20 mA.
Opcional
5. Conecte el multimetro (DC Volts) A través de la resistencia de
carga.
6. Haga el Output Trim usando OTHER SCALING. La escala para esto va
a ser de 1 a 5, (250 ohms) X (4 – 20 mA).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
You will need the following items for this lab:
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Pregunta 2. Enumere los pasos para la calibración.
Pregunta3. Cuales son las diferencias entre Zero trim y Full
trim
Pregunta 4. Que es lo que usted hace al realizar un “output
trim”
Calibration
2. Steps in calibration:
2. Perform a full sensor trim if required.
3. Perform an analog output (D/A) trim if required.
3. Differences between zero and full trim:
Full trim:
Zero trim:
must be zero based
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INSTALACION
En esta sección usted aprenderá, la instalación apropiada de un
1151S
Al terminar esta sección usted será capaz de:
Conocer la instalación apropiada en servicio de gas o líquido
Describir la ubicación y funcionalidad de los switches de
falla.
Describir la posible rotación del housing, así como lo que esto
implica
Explicar como debe ser el cableado con una mínima resistencia y un
apropiado aterrizamiento.
Explicar cuando y las dos maneras de hacer un ajuste de cero
The accuracy of a flow, pressure, or level measurement depends to a
great extent on proper installation of the transmitter and impulse
piping. The piping between the process and transmitter must
accurately transmit process pressure to the transmitter. Mount the
transmitter close to the process and use a minimum of piping to
achieve the best accuracy. Keep in mind, however, the need for easy
access, safety of personnel, practical field calibration, and a
suitable transmitter environment. In general, install the
transmitter so as to minimize vibration, shock, and temperature
fluctuations. Before installing your transmitter, read and be
familiar with the safety precautions found in the Product
Manual.
The 1151S was designed with an explosion-proof housing and
circuitry suitable for intrinsically safe and non-incendive
operation. Factory Mutual explosion-proof certification is standard
and individual transmitters are clearly marked with a tag
indicating the approvals they carry. Transmitters must be installed
in accordance with all applicable codes and standards to maintain
certified ratings. Each cover must be fully engaged in order for
the transmitter to meet explosion-proof requirements. See your
Product Manual for specific approvals.
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Pendiente de
Considerations in mounting the transmitter include:
Environmental considerations: Minimize ambient temperature changes
and keep the transmitter within its published temperature operating
limits. Mount the transmitter to avoid vibration, mechanical shock,
and contact with external corrosive materials.
Access: Orient flanges to enable proper process connections, and
position the drain valves so process fluid is drained away from the
technician when valves are used. Mount the transmitter so that the
terminal side of the electronics housing is accessible, to get to
the wiring. A 3/4 inch clearance is required for cover removal. Use
a conduit plug on the unused side of the conduit opening. If
possible, allow a 3.4 inch clearance of the circuit side of the
housing.
The exact mounting bracket to use with your transmitter will depend
upon the type of flange you have, the model of the transmitter, and
whether you will use carbon steel or stainless steel bolts. Torque
both kinds of steel to 125 inch-pounds.
The transmitter is calibrated in an upright position at the
factory. If that orientation is changed, the zero point will shift
by an amount equivalent to the liquid head caused by the mounting
position.
Instructor- be familiar with installation section of 1151 manual so
you can discuss liquids, gas and steam applications. Drain, vent
and sloping are important items for this slide. See Impulse
Piping!!!!! You may want to copy page 3-6 of manual 00809-0100-4593
rev a1
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Off: Read or Write
Explain the fail switch and how it effects the transmitter
operation during a failure.
To write protect the transmitter put the security jumper to
ON.
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1/4 DE VUELTA EN CUALQUIER DIRECCION
Be careful not to turn the housing more than 90 degrees or the
module wiring could become damaged. Make certain to put locktight
back on the housing nut to keep the unit sealed.
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E
The signal terminals are located in a compartment of the
electronics housing separate from the transmitter electronics.
Connections for the Model 275 are below the signal terminals. The
Model 262 Field Calibrator can be connected at the signal terminals
to provide power to the transmitter temporarily for calibration or
diagnostic purposes. Remember that communication with the Model 275
requires 250 ohms resistance within the loop.
Do not connect the power signal wiring to the test terminals, as
the power could damage the diode within the test connection. Excess
moisture can damage the transmitter. If the connections in your
installation are not sealed, mount the transmitter with the
electrical housing positioned downward for drainage. The wiring
should be installed with a drip loop, and the bottom of the drip
loop should be lower than the conduit connections or the
transmitter housing. The maximum allowable distance between the
power supple and the transmitter is 5000 feet. Use 18-24 gage
twisted pair wire. If you are using shielded wire, connect it only
at the power supply end.
Use a hard ground on the negative side of the power supply.
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Posiciones del conduit
Transmitter should not be the low point of the conduit run. make
certain that any moisture in the conduit does not collect in the
transmitter.
Both these pictures show the correct installation. The next slide
shows an incorrect installation
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Incorrecto
Incorrect method of running conduit. All moisture in conduit will
drain into transmitter.
120.unknown
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Zero Trim
After the transmitter is installed, it may be necessary to correct
the zero point to offset any shifting during the mounting process.
As we mentioned earlier, there are three ways to perform
zeroing:
You may perform a zero trim for small zero shifts
You may use the zero screws or the Model 275 sensor input method
for large zero shifts
Choose the method that best fits your situation.
Do not perform a zero trim to correct for mounting position effects
on an 1151 Absolute Pressure transmitter. Instead, perform the low
trim value portion of the full sensor trim procedure. The Low Trim
Function provides a “zero” correction similar to the Zero Trim
Function but it does not require the input to be zero based.
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Responda las siguientes preguntas antes de continuar.
Pregunta 1. Cuando monta un transmisor para gas que flujo debe de
haber en línea?
Pregunta 2. Cuando monta un transmisor para liquido este debe estar
debajo de las tomas. Porque?
Pregunta 3. Que utilizaría usted como sello para evitar que la
humedad y el polvo entre al transmisor?
Pregunta 4. Que especificaciones deberá tener el cableado del
transmisor?
Students will not be able to answer these questions unless the
instructor explained the information from the installation section
of the manual (or experience)
Installation
1. 1 inch per foot.
2. So any gas in the lines will bubble up and away from the
transmitter.
3. Loctite 222.
4. Twisted shielded pair of 24 gauge or larger diameter.
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MANTENIMIENTO
En esta sección usted aprenderá a ensamblar y desensamblar un
1151S.
Terminada esta sección usted será capaz de:
Ensamblar un 1151S.
Desensamblar un 1151S.
Tasks involved in maintenance procedures will typically include
digital trim procedures, hardware diagnostics, and hardware
maintenance.
Remember to use only the procedures and new parts specifically
referenced in the Product Manual.
Both the disassembly and assembly procedures have required safety
precautions which must be observed. Remember:
Process leaks can result in death or serious injury. Do not remote
the instrument cover in an explosive environment.
Process should be isolated from the transmitter and vented before
the transmitter is removed from service for disassembly.
There are also precautions to protect the equipment:
To prevent damage which may lead to inaccurate measurements, do not
scratch, puncture, or depress the isolating diaphragms or clean
them with chlorine or acid solutions.
The circuit board is electrostatically sensitive. Remove power from
the transmitter before removing the electronics cover.
Protect the sensor module cable connector by following all
recommendations during assembly and disassembly.
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3. Afloje los tres tornillos y saque la electrónica.
4. Saque uno de los lados de la barra espaciadora
5. Desconecte la electrónica.
CUIDADO: La electrónica es sensitiva a la energía estática
To remove the Smart electronics, refer to the Installation
section.
Remember: the electrical connections are located in a compartment
identified as TERMINAL SIDE on the nameplate. The signal and test
terminals are accessible by unscrewing the cover on the terminal
side. The terminals are permanently attached to the housing and
must not be removed, or the housing seal between compartments will
be broken.
First, remove power from the transmitter. Then unscrew the cover on
the field terminal side of the transmitter and remove the Smart
electronics and the header board. Next, loosen the lock nut and
remove the standoffs. Finally, unscrew the sensing module from the
electronics housing, being careful not to damage the sensor leads.
Carefully pull the header assembly board through the hole. The
threaded connection has a sealing compound on it and must be broken
loose.
The sensing module is a welded assembly and cannot be further
disassembled.
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7.- Conecte la electrónica
8.- Ponga las tapas
.
Inspect all O-rings and replace if necessary. Lightly grease with
silicone oil to ensure a good seal. Use halocarbon grease for inert
fill options.
To connect the electrical housing to the sensor:
Insert the header assembly board through the electronics housing.
Then use a sealing compound such as Loctite 222 Small Screw
Threadlocker on the threads of the sensor module to ensure a
watertight seal on the housing. Next, screw the sensor module into
the electrical housing making sure that the threads are fully
engaged. Be careful not to damage or twist the sensor leads. Align
the sensor module with the high and low pressure sides oriented for
convenient installation and tighten the lock nut.
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ENSAMBLE
5
1
2
6
7
8
9
10
4
3
This graphic shows the parts referred to in the last slide.
1 =Thread header board through the neck nut. Turn neck nut on to
top of module.
2 = Apply locktite 222 around the first threads of the
module.
3 = Turn housing on at least 5 full threads.
4 = Grease and install module o-rings.
5 = Install process flanges, torque bolts to 325 ±25 in. lb.
6 = Tighten neck nut to 35 ±5 ft. lb.
7 = Install electronics.
8 = Install covers.
9 = Put two wraps of Teflon tape on the drain vents and install,
torque seat to 250 in. lbs ±50, torque stem to 60 in. lb,
±10.
10 = Install process flange adapters, torque bolts to 350 ±50
in-lb.
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Responda las siguientes preguntas antes de continuar.
Pregunta 1.- Es sensitiva a la estática la electrónica del
1152S?
Pregunta 2.- Para que es la barra espaciadora
Pregunta 3.- Cuantas vueltas podemos darle al housing?
Maintenance
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PROBLEMARIO
En esta sección usted hará un recorrido a través de los principales
problemas en la aplicación de un 1151S
Después de esta sección usted será capaz de:
Interpretar la señal analógica, como fuente de información para
detectar una falla. Identificar los cinco casos de falla típicos y
su solución.
If you suspect a malfunction despite the absence of any diagnostic
messages on the Model 275, follow the procedures described in the
Product Manual to verify that transmitter hardware and process
connections are in good working order. Under each of the four major
symptoms, specific suggestions are offered for solving the problem.
Always deal with the most likely and easiest-to-check conditions
first.
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21.75
3.8
20
20.8
4
3.9
Discuss failure points of 3.8 mA and 21.75 mA for Hardware failure.
3.9 and 20.8 for over and underrange.
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Diodo de prueba dañado
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No Puede ser
0 InH20
CONFIRM PROBLEM!
If the transmitter is not communicating with the Model 275, your
first potential problem source would be the loop wiring.
For 4-20 mA transmitters, check for a minimum of 250 ohms
resistance between the power supply and the Model 275
connection.
Check for adequate voltage - the transmitter will require a minimum
of 12 V at the terminals to operate if the Model 250 is
connected.
Check for intermittent shorts, open circuits, and multiple
grounds.
Check for capacitance across the load resistor. Capacitance should
be less than 0.1 microfarad.
Specify the transmitter by tag number. For certain non-standard
transmitter installations (modems, leased lines), it may be
necessary because of excessive line length, to specify the
transmitter tag number to initiate communications. Try digital
polling.
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No Puede ser
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No Puede ser
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No Puede ser
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2 PV 105.00 inH2O
3 AO 20.80 mA
4 LRV 0.00 inH2O
5 URV 100.00 inH2O
20.8 is the process value out of range fail mode, could be
defective test equipment, bad sensor.
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Responda las siguientes preguntas.
Pregunta 1. Que valores no excederá la salida analógica si el
proceso se sale de rango.
Pregunta 2. Que valor de salida baja puede establecer una falla de
Hardware?
Pregunta 3. Que valor de salida alta puede establecer una falla de
Hardware?
Troubleshooting
1. It will not go below 3.9 or above 20.8 mA.
2. 3.8 mA.
3. 21.75 mA.
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0.065% or 0.04% Accuracy
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Zero error
±0.1% of URL / 1000 psi (6.9 MPa) for line pressures from 0 - 2000
PSI (0 - 13.7 MPa).
±0.2% of URL / 1000 psi (6.9 MPa) for line pressures above 2000 PSI
(13.7 MPa).
Range 1:+0.25% of URL / 1000 psi (6.9 MPa)
Span error
±0.4% of reading / 1000psi (6.9 MPa) for Range 1.
ESPECIFICACIONES(CONT.)
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1 DEVICE SETUP
3 Burst Mode
4 Burst Option
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Optimiza el desarrollo y capacidad de diagnósticos
SaturnTM Capacitance
Sensing Technology
Provee confiabilidad y
Diseño complatamente escalable
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0.025% Accuracy
10-Year Stability
200:1 Turndown
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