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Building Walkable, Livable Cities Creando Ciudades
Caminables y Vivibles
Paul Zykofsky, AICP, Assoc. AIA Local Government Commission
Better Blackstone: Building Blocks for Economically
Successful Commercial Corridors
Fresno, CA November 19, 2015
What is the Purpose of Towns and Cities?
¿Cuál es el propósito de los pueblos y ciudades?
Las ciudades son una invención para facilitar el intercambio (de bienes, cultura, amistad, conocimiento) y para reducir la distancia de viajar
El transporte nos debe ayudar a llevar el intercambio al máximo nivel.
Cars are happiest when there are no other cars around. Los automóviles están más felices cuando no hay otros automoviles a su alrededor.
When are cars happiest? ¿Cuándo están más contentos los carros?
Quito Ecuador
People are happiest when there are many other people around. La gente está más feliz cuando hay otra gente a su alrededor.
Would you rather spend time here… ¿Preferiría pasar el tiempo aqui…
…or here? … o aquí?
“I realized we had created a really great city… if you’re a car.” Me di cuenta que habíamos creado una gran ciudad… si eres un carro”.
– Mick Cornett, Mayor of Oklahoma City (Alcalde de Oklahoma City)
10-15 miles out
Source: Center for Neighborhood Technology
%In
come%deingreso
Transportation Costs Can Exceed Housing Costs for Households Earning $20-50,000 Para familias que ganan entre $20-50,000 los gastos en transporte pueden exceder los gastos en vivienda
Average Commuting Distance (Miles) Distancia promedio del viaje al trabajo
Gasto anual promedio de un AUTOMOVIL
Gasto anual promedio de una
BICICLETA
People want transportation options La gente quiere opciones de transporte
13
Important things when deciding where to live…
Important (very or
somewhat) Very
Important
Sidewalks and places to take walks 85% 55%
Easy access to the highway 82% 42%
Being within an easy walk of other places and things in the community 79% 42%
Being within a short commute to work 76% 44%
Having public transit nearby 64% 37%
Bike lanes and paths nearby 57% 24%
Q10-16. If you were deciding today where to live, please indicate how important having each of the following is to you - is it very important, somewhat important, not very important, or not at all important.
National Association of Realtors, Portland State University, Community and Transportation Preferences Survey, September 2015
The good news… La buena noticia… “Physical activity need not be of vigorous intensity for it to improve health.”
— Report of the Surgeon General on “Physical Activity and Health,”
1996
“La actividad física no tiene que ser vigorosa para mejorar la salud.”
The Tremendous Potential El enorme potencial Of all trips: De todos los viajes:
National Household Travel Survey (2009)
50% are less than 3 miles
son de menos de 3 millas
… a 15-minute bicycle ride
28% are less than 1 mile Son de menos de 1 milla … a 20-minute walk
60% are driven Se hacen en carro
of these trips… de estos viajes…
17 Every trip starts and ends with walking. Cada viaje empieza o termina a pie.
The Tremendous Potential El enorme potencial
People will walk La gente si caminará
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2012, newpublichealth.org
Land Use Mix Mezcla de usos Residents of mixed-use communities have more opportunities to walk and use transit Los residentes de comunidades con mezcla de usos tienen más oportunidades para caminar y usar transporte público
Site Design Ubicación de edificios Design features that promote walk/bike trips
– Location of parking – Short building
setbacks Diseños que promueven el caminar y andar en bicicleta
– Ubicación de estacionamientos
– Edificios pegados a la acera
Instead of arranging buildings and parking lots like this… En vez de organizar los edificios y estacionamientos de esta manera...
… we could arrange them to create a pedestrian-friendly Main Street environment. ... podríamos organizarlos para crear un ambiente caminable típico de una Calle Principal.
Connectivity Buenas conexiones
Poor connectivity reduces pedestrian mobility and trips As the number of cul-de-sacs and loops increase the number of walk trips decrease La falta de conexiones reduce la posibilidad de caminar Entre mas calles cerradas, menos viajes a pie
Street Design Diseño de calles Complete Streets
§ Streets designed for people, not just cars
§ Friendly to cars, pedestrians and cyclists
n Calles Completas n Calles diseñadas
para la gente no solo los carros
n Que permiten que todos circulen
Complete Streets Calles Completas
Complete Streets are streets for everyone, no matter who they are or how they travel. Las Calles Completas son calles para todos, sin importar quienes son o como viajan.
Complete Streets Calles Completas
Safe Comfortable Convenient
Seguras Confortables Convenientes
Complete Streets Calles Completas
Safe Comfortable Convenient
Seguras Confortables Convenientes
“Drivers read the road, not the design plans.” Federal Highway Administration, Speed Concepts Informational Guide, 2009
“El conductor se guía por la calle, no por los planes de diseño”.
§ Drivers’ field of vision and ability to see pedestrians § Drivers’ ability to react and avoid a crash § Crash Severity
Speed Matters La Velocidad es clave
15 MPH
15 MPH
As speed increases, driver focuses less on surroundings
Al aumentar la velocidad el conductor se enfoca menos en su alrededor.
15 MPH 20 MPH
As speed increases, driver focuses less on surroundings
Al aumentar la velocidad el conductor se enfoca menos en su alrededor.
15 MPH 20 MPH
As speed increases, driver focuses less on surroundings
25 MPH Al aumentar la velocidad el conductor se enfoca menos en su alrededor.
15 MPH 20 MPH
As speed increases, driver focuses less on surroundings
25 MPH 30 MPH Al aumentar la velocidad el conductor se enfoca menos en su alrededor.
Speed Affects Crash Avoidance La velocidad afecta la posibilidad de evitar un choque
High speeds result in greater reaction and stopping distance Alta velocidad resulta en más tiempo para reaccionar y parar
Speed Affects Crash Severity La velocidad afecta la severidad del choque
W.A. Leaf and D.F. Preusser, “Literature Review on Vehicle Travel Speeds and Pedestrian Injuries Among Selected Racial/Ethnic Groups,” US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (1999).
For two people to walk comfortably side-by-side we need sidewalks that are at least 5-feet wide. Para que dos personas puedan caminar lado a lado necesitamos aceras de por lo menos 5 pies de ancho.
No debemos construir las entradas a estacionamientos como si fueran calles
Don’t build driveways like intersections
Debemos construir las entradas como entradas
Build driveways like driveways
Crossing width 5 feet
Acera de 5 pies
Grade slows traffic
Rampa reduce velocidad
Planter strip Zona de muebles
Curb extensions: Don’t just reduce crossing distance
Other advantages n Better visibility (both ways) n Traffic calming n Room for street furniture
Las extensiones de banquetas: No solo reducen la distancia para cruzar
Otras ventajas: n Más visibilidad (en ambas
direcciones) n Apaciguamiento del tráfico n Espacio para muebles de la
calle
Medians help cross the street El camellón ayuda a cruzar la calle
Crosswalk Visibility
Longitudinal markings are more visible to driver at a distance
Illumination – essential for any crossing Alumbrado – esencial en los cruces
If you mark a crosswalk – light it. Almost 50% of pedestrian crashes occur at night
n Si marcamos un cruce también debemos alumbrarlo
n Casi el 50% de los choques con peatones ocurren en la noche
10’ and 11’ lanes are just as safe as 12’ lanes on urban arterials with speeds < 45 mph
“Relationship of Lane Width to Safety for Urban and Suburban Arterials”: Study by Potts, Harwood, and Richard
Narrow Lanes Carriles angostos
Buffered bicycle lanes Carriles para bicicleta con separación
Green bicycle lanes Carriles para bicicleta verdes
Green bicycle lanes Carriles para bicicleta verdes
Imagine Blackstone – August 7th 2015
Imagina Blackstone –7 de agosto de 2015
Imagine Blackstone – August 7th 2015
Blackstone/Abby Avenue, south of Hedges Avenue Existing cross-section (looking north)
Sidewalk 12’
Parking 8’
Travel Lanes 3 @ 12’
Parking 8’
Sidewalk 12’
Sidewalk 12’
Parking 8’
Travel Lanes 2 @ 12’
Parking 8’
Sidewalk 12’
Blackstone/Abby Avenue, south of Hedges Avenue Cross-section — with Bicycle and Pedestrian Improvements
Buffered Bike Lane 7’+3’+4’
Blackstone Avenue, north of Hedges Avenue Existing cross-section (looking north)
Sidewalk 6’
Parking 8’
Travel Lanes 3 @ 11’
Parking 8’
Sidewalk 6’
Travel Lanes 3 @ 11’
Median 16’
Blackstone Avenue, north of Hedges Avenue Existing cross-section with left turn lane (looking north)
Sidewalk 6’
Parking 8’
Travel Lanes 3 @ 11’
Parking 8’
Sidewalk 6’
Travel Lanes 3 @ 11’
Median w/turning lane
5’+11’
Sidewalk 6’
Parking 7’
Travel Lanes 2 @ 11’
Parking 7’
Sidewalk 6’
Travel Lanes 2 @ 11’
Median w/turning lane
5’+11’
Blackstone Avenue, north of Hedges Avenue Cross-section at intersection — with Bicycle Improvements
Buffered Bike Lane 6’+3’+3’
Buffered Bike Lane 6’+3’+3’
Blackstone Avenue, north of Hedges Avenue Cross-section at intersection — with Bicycle Improvements
Sidewalk 6’
Turn Lane 11’
Travel Lanes 2 @ 11’
Parking 7’
Sidewalk 6’
Travel Lanes 2 @ 11’
Median w/turning lane
5’+11’
Buffered Bike Lane
5’+3’
Buffered Bike Lane 5’+3”+3’
Blackstone Avenue, north of Hedges Avenue Existing cross-section at intersection (looking north)
Sidewalk 6’
Parking 8’
Travel Lanes 3 @ 11’
Parking 8’
Sidewalk 6’
Travel Lanes 3 @ 11’
Median w/turning lane
5’+11’
Blackstone Avenue, north of Hedges Avenue Cross-section — with Bicycle and Pedestrian Improvements
Sidewalk 10’
Parking 7’
Travel Lanes 2 @ 11’
Parking 7’
Sidewalk 10’
Travel Lanes 2 @ 11’
Median w/turning lane
5’+11’
Buffered Bike Lane
5’+3’
Buffered Bike Lane
5’+3’
Blackstone Avenue, north of Hedges Avenue Cross-section — with Bicycle and Pedestrian Improvements
Sidewalk 10’
Turn Lane 10’
Travel Lanes 2 @ 11’
Curb Extension
6’
Sidewalk 10’
Travel Lanes 2 @ 11’
Median w/turning lane
5’+11’
Bike Lane 6’
Buffered Bike Lane
5’+3’
Curb Extension
Sidewalk 9’
Bike Lane 6’
Travel Lanes 2 @ 11’
Bike Lane 6’
Sidewalk 9’
Travel Lanes 2 @ 11’
Median w/turning lane
5’+11’
Bus Stop 9’
Bus Stop 9’
Blackstone Avenue, north of Hedges Avenue Cross-section — at Bus Stops
Example of bike lane between sidewalk and transit platform. Ejemplo de carril para bicicletas entre la acera y la plataforma para transporte público.
Sidewalk 6’
Parking 8’
Travel Lanes 3 @ 11’
Parking 8’
Sidewalk 6’
Travel Lanes 3 @ 11’
Median 16’
Blackstone Avenue, north of Shields Avenue Existing cross-section (looking north)
Blackstone Avenue, north of Shields Avenue Cross-section — with bicycle and pedestrian improvements
Sidewalk 6’
Buffered Bike Lane
5’+3’
Travel Lanes 3 @ 11’
Buffered Bike Lane
5’+3’
Sidewalk 6’
Travel Lanes 3 @ 11’
Median 16’
Regional traffic arterial
Regional traffic arterial
Courtesy: Steve Price, Urban Advantage
Regional traffic arterial
Courtesy: Steve Price, Urban Advantage
Infill development on strip shopping center site
Infill development on strip shopping center site
Courtesy: Steve Price, Urban Advantage
Infill development on strip shopping center site
Courtesy: Steve Price, Urban Advantage
Infill development on strip shopping center site
Courtesy: Steve Price, Urban Advantage
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