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~OT CROSS CRIME SCENE • DO NOT CROSS CRIME se
2
Exploración de hidrocarburos
Trabajo de Campo
Análisis de Laboratorio
Y una vez resuelto el miste
•
r10 • • •
TJ1é11:u·diré ~Oer 1nir:tbilhe de¡)()slc,. tts tt t ool di.ui:.re í.udkMto1· iu
tb<' gt'olo¡;tlu.l 1-erord: low<'r 2\llO<'t'll<' of ctDO'l\I S¡Htln
111. J, H~"""'', t f, I~"'Y' • "'1 ll. C. $(hnibt1; 1~dt1'ur:ilopty~f111:.~~1111.l·ar.'S'Wdücap:ul1111W~ C-<JoieAll!llMN~:!.~11>10~~ :0ep1tmo!llloí~""SJotoi:or~ U"'"''~ 'l'l"'ub~mi.$t!olllf.. W!. SISl9;\.t;"$,\
P~e-.'f>:: U My » t.t-!\1Nilbedi:IC1ua p.:17.~: 11 -~.!(.~2Ctj R,.,._,¡ 17ti..,."'ob<t ;>014-,0,.·r.i .... Mti"""11"" ;<ll .f - P11~.t H t1-)1tlU
~rch
-
Exploración de hidrocarburos
Petroleum System Elements and Processes
HETEROGENEITY > SCALES -~1
Rffef'Yolr betttogenity 1 f 11 ¡ } . • -¡! H ¡ I :iJ _ ... , ••
... ..... -... ""'' • • • ti ......... .ti • • • t ,.., ..... •
• •• •• • t
~ =:::r,.~ O""l'llCl.if't • • •
HETEROGENEITY > CHARACTERIZATION > FLOW UNITS
DATA USED TO DEFINE FLOW UNITS
Cor e
Pet rophysical Data Gamma
Ray Flow Uníts
lf your 1 foot sectlon is helerolithic, wherewill the plug be takenfrom?
(\RAIOt=O
ZM8 lt'l(l!!lff18l'UI et\ una bnur11 f.-.gou O"*lll(.m;dtlaty '\iWldl.,e.)
¡.-'!. '·· # •• .,.,., . t. a-:' "" •• j¡(.
l .~; •; I _, ~ ........
t • •• .... . . ~·-, ~.
•·
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!· .,
. •
.. ....
.. ~. ~
• • • ,.
' ' .. . .. 4
• .... .... >
*'
. 't ,..,
• •; .
• . • .
~ .. ..
• •
.. .. • •
• \. f
J .¿
J. Arribes, 2010
1 PRIMARV MIGRATION
Similar to previous;
Oil generation & expulsion from kerogen (Momper, 1981)
llJ Fingerprinting of Hydrocarb1
•
d from Tissot & .978, Fig. 11.6.2
1
Gas Chromatography Used to Detect Abundance of Hydrocarbon Compounds
C25 Cl5
C20
J ~ ..
:! ! f
.l .1 ... l M .. ,., . -Time -
100 I' r..~----·· ···········- AllAtredl 1 0 . SJ.·· a4 O + Realdu.U.
o so 100 150 200 250 lOO
C30
b
Chromatogram e high-wax oil of terrestrial origin
From Wa11les n11d Curínle.1999
1001' / ""'"'"'::d o• ~--·····--··· .. ¡·i+"' o so 100 150 200 2SO 300
1000 _________ _
tOOOr------;:====;i 900 'iAHGVAS AAfA
800 ,& OS3'Yald- Fm
• DS1•2-Mllg;lllo fm
700 Type 11
600
500
400
300
200 Type tll
c=._Allcrodl 100
o ...... .... • Residua
o so 100 150 200 250 300
Oxygen tndex (Ol:mg COllg TOC)
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
o o
Typel
Type 11
EHCISO AAEA
ºº~"' V osr ... .,.,."" • 057-&oooO.
Q>OS1-G<
50 100 150 200 250 300
O•ygen lndex (Ol·mg COi/g TOC)
35_.-------....:Typelll
...... .......... ... .................... Altered/
O &a..._.a::•:.a--~·:.,__,;R~c=• ld~un~I o 50 100 150 200 250 300
400
300
Type rll
~l~redl • RestduaJ
100
o o 50 100 150 200 250 300
Oxygen 1ndex (Ol:mg CO;;Jg TOC)
e:-~ u .. ..t .. . _ ... _ --..1 ..... ,_,._: .... .J ..... 4'-•- ... 1 ....... ..1 ... _ - __ .... ..t- ,, __ v ... - . .... 1 ... . .. ..1:- - .. -- tl ..... - e ...... ; ..... I:~ .... ... 1 itl\OC\
Van Krevelen Diagram
l 1•11.tMli!YMIGIWIOH Oil generation & expulsion from kerogen (Momper, 1981)
0.10 0.20 Q.lO
AtomicO/C
Pnneiple prOdui:ta ol "'9rogen evolutoon
D D • C02. H20, Oil Gas 019anic Acid•
llJ Fingerprinting of Hydrocarb•
Gas Chromatography Used to Detect Abundance o1 Hydrocarbon Compounds
11
/1
i J
= 1
j 1 ~J~~ Chromatogram e h1gh-wax 011 of terrestrial origin
--Tilk -
"'11 '~----·· --------.. ·--1 o v •• Q. 11-...1
" oo mo ·so :11:.o 2so :io:i
""I' / ····-~ o •~---····~·· .... ¡ ..... : OSO IQ{l1~<'0)2..C(l~!(I
• Amount of oil generated by Type 111 is small ::-;~,·;,-;.;~~
Similar to previous;
,....~, .. ,,_ 100 ' ( ··-···-··-· .... ···· M>o""'1 e • a .,_~,,. ()~ 100'.!11) ~1~ !9)0
~: ',L-~->C~O-;~-~-.-,~w"""..,
0~',9tll hl .. ¡Ol:lfl9 CO..~ TOCO
.................
ATC Almacén Temporal Centralizado
de Residuos Nucleares
r 1,
--~=-·- "lo\una\aa<!. ae-3' 00 6óo Mts. CajaNº
Sm
r1 1 \ ... 1 ! i t
~ 1 j j \ ... y.:· V \ sm,:n
~il/~Q
SINTOXAO
cC:::
2·Theia·S<alG laDir«oxAQfT·n. •lfOllAQfT- '""' t'l\\1'1.-... . t .... &ooo "M o.ooo . ....,omo ·.s .... ., .... r-.z~~-n .. s.,....,>h·2·~>.0CO··''-• 1.Gl)>•·f.iN o.GO··"' o.oo Opt..,bol,_ j¡atmuc...on ..... 11Ma.M:1TJ.1w ~tTt."lh-... il:llCllOCIO '"'° •• IMJ>O.GQO• •ctr• O.h fW\'G, IS<:fl'I-• TNNMd.:14 .. &T,_ !.tlln• ~ lbXI CN O.M• fl'O'ObO Opt..r--.·•-QWfoxA«D nta.JJOXN:IUJ-~ 21h1'h-- IWlillDO W llOOO ... OMO • --u· T.-.o.U<:AMll(I T-~''' 21t*A.Uf'O• l,_um• C:Nt.(IO fot40.0
C.•111•• ....
Brine dilution-concentration cycles in a continental gypsum sequence: mineralogical and textural results
J. Escavy, M.J. Herrero and J. Arribas Departamento de Petrología y Geoquímica, Fac. CC. Geológicas, UCM. Madrid
~ IMS2015
Geological setting The research herein presented concerns the depositional systems and cyclicity of the Miocene evaporite units found in the "Sinclinal de Villar de Cañas", located withín the loranca Basín (westernmost part of the Tajo Basín, Spaín).
O • f 1 ..-"-- " The ofdest materi~I are epOSI IOna S~Uen~~ ~ ...;~ alluvial fans (Tl, unit UI).
1 • ;_-.;;::;: :~ ~- """ The alluvicif fan :---..:::.- _... .....-1··--~~ i¡::::::. - _ ~ ~ retrogrades and ft;irms ~ - · ~ 2--.~' marsh lacustrine
116'-~ envTronmcnts (12) . . ~< ~""" ~TI
Saline lake (T3) ~ high salinity peaks ~~,;.idurin great aridity.
T4 ta T5 formed by cycles of dilution-concentration within a perennlal lake. Toward~ the top
hlSher humldh'/.
Final new progradation of •llWlll fan deposits lndlls a ... (S
lh• ....,,., ......... petmit to charadlnla dllutlon<:oncentl'lltlon ~ that eompote die evlPOl'ltlc middle Súbunlt. lhe characteriation al these q1Cles in the seologlcal record appear as a good indicator of shallow water depth and climate control over the geochemlcal c:haracter of the brine.
J;lt "' "º"" Stratigraphy
KRAKOW. POI.ANO 22-25 JUNE 20 15
The evaporitic sequence has a total thickness of about 120 m and is divided into t hree subunits
YB3: The uppcrmost ev~poritic subunit is characterized by an alternation of shale and primary gypsum beds, ancl in this case the dílutionconccntration cyclcs start with thc entrancc into thc basin of detritic materials transported by water that produced the difulion of the brinc.
YB2: The second subunit is composed mainly of primary gypsum deposits where severa! brine dilution-concentratíon sequences occur. Each sequence revea Is a basal d ilution surface a nd a marked cryslal fin ning u pwards trend produced by the brine progressive concentration.
YBl: The lower is composed by an alternatíon of shales, secondary gypsum, and anhydrite deposits wíth some sodium sulphate minerals.
Correlation
Concreciones en edificio de San Sebastian
The mortar composition is 83 % CaC03, 5% of quartz and 6% phyllosilicates, and 6% calcium hydroxide in the form of ettringite
lt is a combination of Portland cement, water and graded sand
The combination of higher water content with higher temperature increases the ammount of organism. Those layers appear as well as the thicker and better developed. Therefore, there is a direct relationship between temperature, organic matter content and carbonate precipitation rate
1
Análisis de Actividad de Fallas
@ Plcístorcnc c~Jcrc•c dc¡iosUs rrom soutbtrr• S1>•i• as iodicators 1::7>. of climatic conditions otnd tecconic adh•itv Vil"
.;~ ~.'#"~" "'.:'"~:.=::::=;:~";.:;:.~~~::~~(.~~·=;;:.·l•
...... .._ . .._ .. _"'"'_ ... __ ...... _ ... _ ...................... _ ...... . ~~ ;;=~=.:~~ .. -;;.~
l 8448. UPPER PLEISTOCENE- HOLOCENE ACTIVITY OF THE CARRASCOY FAULT (MURCIA, SE SPAIN): PRELIMINARY RESUL TS FROM PALEOSISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH
.. art1n·BalKla. fl ·. Garc1a Ma)'Of'domo, J-l . lnsua•Ar~valo, J M ', Salazar, A i . Rodr19u~·Escudero, E '· Alllare.z:-Gorftez. JA'. Martk>u-Oia.t. J . .J '. Hflfnl<'O. M J.4. ~.A' l ~ ~o .. ~.,,. •• W...-v1 .. .,...utt~ti~, ........... ...,.."' ·~ft'I·· ................... vC.n\ n. ,.-...,......_.,,. ............... "' ... 2 --·~~ .. &i.r~tKMfU ... ., ..... ~ ... ~ .............. Nilllllü ....... ML J ai..*' ~, ...... c......_"""',y A,, h)l'lltJJ""'t11Utu..,.Mt' e' ....... ¡,p. ... ~ "tl'dr~ n 4 0.-. ol flV~ C4wftp.......,tM\a1,.........,<l!I 4111 ... i<I e,..."' ...,,.., ..... "'"' S ~ oil ~ ~-~td Uft ·-----411
FAULI.JRACE MAPPING
/
r
NEW SEGMENTATION Of CAf
A. 1 V _. "°" ,.~ '""° t• --~...,... ......,_ ...,._.. u.._. ~•· ,..,,.--.....,. ,c..,., •. "- --- ....... 1\ ,... ... .. nHStl1 '"" T ... ~ -'"" • -. ' ~ ""' ... -.., .,.. ... di. "'-- ~-..... ~ ...... -..¡ --- to"Olt' ~ -.. -.~ ·r,,_f arda.._~ w-ra 'CCillNd ~~ .......
PALEOSEISMIC STUDY OF CN·f SEGMENT
........ '•~ ....._.Z ... ""' ......... ~ t-= "'~ 44 a:n.,. N t.,_P ~ ,,__.,, .,_" ~ ~ ............. ~ .................. ..-...c ......... ..,, ........................... tJrt,......., 0.-,Mf ......... l .... -...CMtot 4°"'•
...... ,..,.:o"T'1t-, _....,..._ ... ~.-C:#' , ... ~.11~-.c.. ... r. .. ~ f'lit ....... 1 ....... ~ , ........... , ......... ., ,.....,.~ #t • ... c.. .,. e.J;» " .,. ,.,......., ..... ,~ ..... ,
CONCLUSSIONS
... \ \ ·- ~ ....... ~ .,_,.,. .....
"~· ._.. \ .... ( ·-· .... ·L.ouil ctt.noe '" ~ ""'""".,.. ......... Sf'wna• direcbOfl
\\ _ ..
Pleistocene calcrete deposits fron1 southern Spain as indicators
44 3. OUTCROP ANAL YSJS
----................... .,.._ ....... ._ ... _ . .......,.. .... ---..... ..,. ......... -..-~ ............ , ... ....-... .............. ~ . ...,.._., ..._..,._
~AGU.PUBLICATIONS
Tectonics
RES.EARCH ARTICLE 10.10021201 STC003997
""'"··-• P•-mld!y in"'°' Eost..,, a..ks ShHr Zone (C....w:oy Fou4t SW
segmen~l
• MtgRtlOO of KtN• f•ul'tSl.g MWay fJom !he m.¡n ,..,... (lo<ob.rgl
• Nine to 1 t Mw -6.7 events in th• lilst
30.2 tJT ~ • slip r•te of 0.37 ~
Suppordftf '""'""••t.Dn: • T11bles S1-SS aipdon~
·T•bloS1 • T•bloS2 • T•bloS3 • T•bloS4 • T•blo SS
Conftpondence lo~
ll Mlltl~S.ndi,,
'Ml~A'S
Cl<aliol>: _.._nd., ll, J. Goldo-M>)'O'óomo, J. M. lns .... -olo. A. E. S.IUlr, E. Rodrigll<tl.fKucft<O, J. A. Alvilttl>
Gomt:z. A Mld..adN.i •"d M.. J. Hlfff'fO
Cl016l. -lnslg~ts on tht •~M>ic pott(ltilf af the lastitrti Betk Sht," Zont (51: - >l: Ouott<n•'Y actlvlty a..:l
.,. .... ..,,,,idty ol tho sw ·-· ot the ~~scoy F~lt Zone. TC!CfOnics. lJ. SS-75, dol; 10.1 OOi/201 STC003997.
lllc-10AUG 2015
""'""""'"' 2• 11(11 JO 1 s "'"""""" ..- onlolt 216 llOI 201 S P-onllw6WIJ016
New insights on the seismogenic potential of the Eastern Betic Shear Zone (SE Iberia): Quaternary activity and paleoseismicity of the SW segment of the Carrascoy Fault Zone R<lqu•I Mu11n·Biln~ ', JuUjn G<lrd11·M11yordomo2. JUlln M. lnsU11·Ar6Vlllo 1, Ang•I E. Slllu11r2, Emlllo Rodrlguez-Escl.idero', JOH A. Alv•rez-Gómez', AllcNI M.dlaldu4, and Maria J. H•rrero5
'Oepartmcnt ol Gcod~amics. Complutense Univer.ity of Madrid, Madrid, Spoin, 1Gcological and MinillCJ lnstltute al Spoi11, Madnd, Spoin. 'ocpo111ment d Gr:ology and Gtochemistry, Autónoma Univenl1'( of Madnd, Madrid, Spain. 'Norclic l.lboratory fot luminescence DatillC), ~~nt ol Go!os<~e. A.lrhus Univefsily, Aarhus. Oenmartc. ' Ckpattment of Peuology and Geochemistry. Compjuten$e UNvenlry of Madrid. Madrid. Spoin
Abstract The úmiKoy fautt (CAFJ is one d the main aaive faults that fonn l)illl d the Eastem 8etic Shear Zone, a 450 km íault system that accommodates most oí the convergence belween the Eurasian (Iberia) and
Nubian plates In the Betk Cordillera, south Spain. Although the CAJ' represents a major earthquake threat to the nearby City oí Murcia, sludies on its Quaternary t«tonics and seismogenk potential are scarce to date.
We present eYidence that supporu the dMslon or the CAF into two overlapping segments wlth contrasting tectonk structure. Quaternary actfvity, and landíorm control: a SW segment, characterized by a broad
íold-and-thrust zone similar to the forebergs defined in the Gobi-Altal region, anda NE SecJmenl, charaaeril:ed by a sharp mountain íront controlled by s1r1k~slip tectonics. We attribute the differentiation lnto these two
segments to the stresses assoclaed with topography, whlch in turn Is a consequence oí the shortenlng
cornponent. at the middle Pleistocene, afr:er circa 217.4 ka. For the SW segment we infer llie occurren.:e ol 9 to 11, M.,6.7 paleoearthquakes In the last 30.2 kyr, anda sfip rale oí 037 :t 0.08 mJlcyr. We date the occ.urrence oí the last suñace rup!ure event aíter 2750 BP. and we estimate an ave<"age recurrence petíod ol major events of 33:t0.7kyr .
1. lntroduction
The Eastern Betk Shear Zone (E.BSZ) is the main fault system accommodallng the convergence between the Eurasían and Nubian plates in lbe.ria since late Neogene (Bousqu~. 1979; De Lorouzitle el ol. 1988; Sonz de Galdeano, 1990; Silllo t!t al. 1993). lt shows a charaaerlstic slgmoidal shape extending for more than 450 km from offshore Alboran Sea to NE of Murcia (Figure 1 ). Alo119 the ESSZ many destructive earthquakes have taken place slnce historlcal lirties provlng the selsmogenic behavior of the faults that form the shear
zone. From southwest to northeast, the EBSZ is formed by the followtng main faults: Carbonetas, Palomares. Alhama de Murcia, Carrascoy. and Bajo Segura (lnstiruro Gfoojdgjco y Minrro de Etpr;r'lo (IGME), 2012).
The Quaternary aaívity of the faults that fonn the E.BSZ has been noticed 1nd studied since the end of the
1970s decade [e.g. BouJq~I. 1979; Sonz ~ Go/deono, 1983; Boccolt!trl el ol. 1987; Mon1enot ~al. 1987;
Vrgos et ol., 1987; Masono et ol. 2010; Buontrmpo and Wuestefeld, 2013]. Furthennore, most of these fau
have been al!.O studied from a paleoseismological point of vlew: Carboneras le.g. Bel/ el o/., 1997; More ef al. 2008; Moreno, 201 OJ, Alhama de Murcia (e.g. Hemóndu-Enrile and Mortínez·Diaz. 2001; OtTu.W et
Basin -
Del Clima del Pasado al Clima del Futuro
.-
~~· ~;- -~-- - -~, ·-
¡~ ..:.1. 7'-~ - {- . -== . .. .:: .....
12 Ser
14 Q) C: Lan
16 Q) (..')
18 o Bur 20 ~ 22
24
Global Data Stable lsotope curves (Zachos el • l., 20()1)
6"C %o 6"0 %o
1 2 1
Spanish Data Eus-tabe curve Temperatu'e & humidlty ouNes
(Hoq et al., 1987) (Van der M&ulen •nd Oaams. 1992) HigherT .. ~
31~0 1~ s'o humidity"'""
• M1 1 12~ M•) • • • • • • • •
~ Counts 150Cr
~ N• 100 CI Na
o 8000 10001).-
s (!()()()
5000-40
s 2000 Au
Ca l,..J 1.-' ___,¡ o
o E~ergy (keV) 4 o
ICP, calcimetrias isótopos
''srt°Sr Mg!Ca rngfg S1ICa :.1gi?I "'
~ ~¡ ; ~ ' . . . . .
• GEOCHEMIC/IL 01\T/I --SEQlJENCE SIJRFACE
I•\
IF:-i:w;;r.I Lcnµot ar<.füm b ·l di1 i:11 ~
Mide; le Tne"Ssic
,.. otf•uo.J::·1e
-.. • .iw l! ''(m,,el1ie'4J11 T11'J~i
• 'tl:1ll' l"il':l<ll•cru·i11~ leti~·::
~ ' ;imrr 1.11;ir.~lr.(""llloi¡ M11r.r.11uk:1lk SA-)
• • .1~ \lu l.f1ii:ood" M.m.t1t'l~:iu. 'lN
A 1\
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03C'81
- o . .'cr..i
o.;o;ro---------------------0.iHU 200 240
o 200
I 400
Je 600 a .. Q 800
1000
uoo
o 200
I400 i,600 • Q 800
1000
llOO
500
Kaolinile Dickite El60.03'C
700
Temperatura ('C)
390.2 m
S72.6m
6'7'L6m
153.Sm
Cristalinidad de la lllita
Plite Cryotallinity ltllbler lndft, .. < 211111 in salldstones
• Aa1111nl.an llllla
a $alon1 .. llll!e
• Bunwt l llte
o 0.2 OA (),6 (),6 lllheKI
llllte Ctysulltnlty liilllerlnda, ...... z.z~ in aandoto.-
~-~1'45 • • Autunian llíle
__; + + • s.xonien lllte
" 8untsandsuln lllite
o 0.2 (),A
llllte KI 0,6 (),6
900
Basin Research .......... _.._ _._,_ .. _ -......... ..__ ... ---
Investigación Aplicada en Ciencias de la Tierra
Investigación Aplicada en Ciencias de la Tierra
,Análisis de 1 muestras e~ e
1a1>0'ª'º"º . de muesl!as
Má\iSIS ·~ooratoflOS enlos-
(CAIS)
"-.__/Í
Crimen
Roca
"~ ~ __,,_,_ __________ _____ ...
CSI: toma de datos y de muestras
Geólogos en el campo: toma de
datos y de muestras
Análisis de muestras en el
laboratorio
Análisis de muestras en los laboratorios
(CAls)
Mét.odo científico
Método Científico
Reconstrucción de lo sucedido e
identificación del culpable
Reconstrucción de lo sucedido y resolución del
problema
Sentencia
Difusión: 1 nformes, Presentaciones a
Congresos y Publicaciones
GRACIAS
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