WELSH AND BASQUE. KNOWING EACH OTHER

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ESKOLA TRUKEAUROLA IKASTOLA AZKOITIA/AZPEITIA B.H.I.

YSGOL GYFUN GYMRAEG PLASMAWR, Cardiff, GALES

WELSH AND BASQUE KNOWING EACH OTHER

2010-2011 ikasturtea

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ZESTOA

AZPEITIA

AZKOITIA

EUSKAL HERRIAN

YN Y GWLAD Y BASG

oZESTOA

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Cymruhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNu8XDBSn10&feature=fvwrel

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LOCATION OF WALES• Wales is a generally

mountainous country on the western side of southern Great Britain, between the Irish Sea to the north and the Bristol Channel to the south.

• It is 274 km long from north to south, and at least 97 km wide from east to west, with a total area of 20,779 square kilometres.

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WELSH MOUNTAINS

• Wales has three major mountainous zones: Snowdonia in the north-west, the Cambrian Mountains in mid Wales and the Brecon Beacons in Southern Wales.

• However, none of these mountains are specially tall. Snowdon, which is the tallest one, is 1,085 metres tall.

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RIVERS IN WALES• There are two kind of rivers in

Wales. The rivers that come from the north of the country, specially from Snowdonia, are short and have extremely fast waters. However, rivers in Southern Wales are usually longer and much calmer.

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What is Welsh?Welsh is one of the Celtic languages still spoken, perhaps thatwith the greatest number of speakers. The only natural communities of speakers are in that part of Britain which iscalled Wales, and a small colony in Patagonia (in the Chubut province of Argentina), although there are many speakers ofWelsh elsewhere, particularly in England and Australia andthe United States of America.The English names of the Welsh language (in Welsh, y Gymraeg) and the Welsh people (y Cymry) and Wales (Cymru) derive from a Germanic name for foreigners that crops up elsewhere in Europe in the same way, and which comes froma Latin name for a lost Celtic people, the Volcae.

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• Welsh is a member of the Brythonic branch of the Celtic languages spoken natively in Wales.

• In a studio made in 2004, the welsh speaker number was 611,000 people (21.7% of the population of Wales).

• This number had increased during the last three years, because there were 35,000 less welsh speakers in 2001.

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This map roughly displays the vicinities in Europe where Celticlanguages were spoken. Yellow represents the earliest arena ofdevelopment (Halstatt 1200-600 BC), light green the second phase(La Tène 600-1BC), and dark green the areas that still claim a strongrelationship with a native Celtic language

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CELTIC LANGUAGES SPOKEN NEXT TO THE NATIVE EUROPEAN (PRE-INDOEUROPEAN) BASQUE-AQUITANIAN SPEAKERS A.D.1

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EUROPEAN COUNTRIES WHERE CELTIC LANGUAGES HAVE BEEN PRESERVED IN DIFFERENT DEGREES AT

THE BEGINNING OF THE 21st CENTURY

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Distribution of Welsh speakers• Welsh as a first language is

largely concentrated in the north and west of Wales, principally Gwynedd, Conwy, Denbighshire, Carmarthenshire, north Pembrokeshire, Ceredigion , parts of Glamorgan ,and north-west and extreme south-west Powys, although first-language and other fluent speakers can be found throughout Wales.

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Welsh dialects• Dialectal differences are very pronounced in the spoken

and also in the written language.• The differences between the dialects are visible in the

vocabulary, the pronunciation and in the grammar. Very much as in Basque, by the way.

MAPS REPRESENTATIVE JUST A FEW EXAMPLES OF LEXICAL, GRAMMAR AND PHONETIC DIALECT DIFFERENCES.

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Differences• There are a lot of different dialects, but the

most noticible ones are between North Wales and South Wales

• Here’s an example:Do you want a cup (of tea)?In the north this would typically be Dach chi isio panad? while in the south the question Ych chi'n moyn dishgled? would be more likely

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English Literary Welsh Colloquial Welsh

I get up early every day. Codaf yn gynnar bob dydd. Dwi'n codi'n gynnar bob dydd. (North)Rwy'n codi'n gynnar bob dydd. (South)

I'll get up early tomorrow. Codaf yn gynnar yfory. Coda i'n gynnar fory/Na i godi'n gynnar fory

He had not stood there long. Ni safasai yno yn hir.[29] Doedd o ddim wedi sefyll yno'n hir. (North)(D)odd e ddim wedi sefyll yno'n hir. (South)

They'll sleep only when there's a need. Ni chysgant ond pan fo angen. Fyddan nhw ddim ond yn cysgu pan fydd angen.

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• The following are examples and links toWelsh used in modern life

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFrCCjZRi0E

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WMkMa6DgqV0&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSrjyB6pOPY

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A VISIT TO THE BBC STUDIOS IN WALES

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THE TV STUDIO MESS, ALSO IN WALES

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THE NEWSREADER’S TRICKS

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A WELSH SOAP OPERA: POBOL Y CWM

THE WELSH GOENKALE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RH9f1yLlCw

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• Although most people think that Welsh is only spoken in Wales, that’s not true.

• Welsh is also spoken in Argentina, in the ChubutProvince , in the south of the state.

• The number of Welsh speakers in Chubut is 5,000, more or less.

Welsh around the world

Chubut Province

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HISTORY and TRADITION

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HISTORY

• According to evidences, the mankindarrived there 29.000 years ago althoughduring the Ice Age nobody lived there. ThenEuropean hunters started to emigrate to theisland.

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The Theo Vennnemann theory: 10,000 years ago the European people tookrefuge around the Pyrenees looking for shelter during the Ice Age. Modern

genetic research, such as Cavalli-Sforza’s, John Foster’s, Stephen Oppenheimer’s in the The Origin of the British, apparently prove that after

researching the European peoples’ genoma, theres’s a common origin in thePyrenees.

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Tuesday, 3 April, 2001, 13:11 GMT 14:11 UK

Genes link Celts to Basques

The Welsh and Irish Celts have been found to be the genetic blood-brothers of Basques, scientists have revealed.

The gene patterns of the three races passed down through the male line are all "strikingly similar",researchers concluded. Basques can trace their roots back to the Stone Age and are one of Europe's most distinct people, fiercelyproud of their ancestry and traditions. The research adds to previous studies which have suggested a possiblelink between the Celts and Basques, dating back tens of thousands of years. "The project started with our trying to assess whether the Vikings made an important genetic contribution tothe population of Orkney," Professor David Goldstein of University College London (UCL) told BBC News.

'Statistically indistinguishable'He and his colleagues looked at Y-chromosomes, passed from father to son, of Celtic and Norwegianpopulations. They found them to be quite different. "But we also noticed that there's something quite strikingabout the Celtic populations, and that is that there's not a lot of genetic variation on the Y-chromosome," hesaid. To try to work out where the Celtic population originally came from, the team from UCL, the Universityof Oxford and the University of California at Davis also looked at Basques. "On the Y-chromosome the Celticpopulations turn out to be statistically indistinguishable from the Basques," Professor Goldstein said.

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• In the year 48 Romans arrivedthere and they didn’t leaveuntil 410. As an example, wecan find the best conservatedanfitheatre in the UK.

The Romans

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• Gruffydd was the only Welsh king who governated

in the whole of Wales. His kingdom lasted since 1057 until he died in 1063.

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The Welsh Tudor become theEnglish royal family

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During Henrike VIII’s kingdom in 1536 Wales became part ofEngland and they had to respect English laws.

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In the XIX century, someWelsh region were industrialized because of the coal mines from north Wales.

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• Later, in Neath and Swansea was startedthe iron production. The port fromCardiff became the most important in theworld because it was used by a lot ofpeople every day. Therefore, in a century, the population increased from 587.000 inhabitants to more than two millions ofthem.

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• In the XX century independence thoughtgot more popular while Wales andEngland became politically to the samelevel. At that time, it was also formedWelsh Language Federation.

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• The first referendum took place in 1979 to decide if there should be a parliamentor not and the no succeded. However, another referendum took place in 1997 and this time won the yes. The Seneddwas built and they have got the power tochange some English laws.

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xq2X6ZecNMI&NR=1

The Welsh Assembly

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2hikCVsxH0&feature=related

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• Eisteddfod is a Welsh culture festival aboutliterature and music, being poesy the mainsubject.The first signs are from the XII century.Nowadays, this national festival, known as National Eisteddfod of Wales, is celebratedevery year on the first week of August in Walesand even in some other countries. It is thebiggest poesy and music festival in the world.

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• The welsh GVA was £44,333 in 2007, so it’s considered the 10th

economy in the UK regions. The modern Welsh economy is dominated by the terciarysector (%66 of the GVA), followed by the industry (%32) and the primary sector (%1,5).

• The currency used in Wales, as in all the UK, is the sterling pound (£).

ECONOMY OF WALES

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HISTORY OF ECONOMY IN WALES

• Farming has traditionally been the base of Welsh economy, and until the 18th it was the major source of richness in the country.

• In the 18th century, due to the industrial revolution, coal mining began in South Wales, since coal was used in the iron industry.

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• Coal mining continued to develop in the 19th century, and this transformed the economic and social landscape of the South Wales Valleys.

• After the First World War, Welsh coal wasn’t sold as largely as it had been some years before, so the mines closed progressively during the late 20th century.

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ACTUAL SITUATION

• Due to the lockout of the coal mines, unemployment went up in the 1980s, which put Wales in a dramatic situation.

• In order to create new jobs, projects like the regeneration of Cardiff Bay were done. This has set South Wales as an important touristicdestination in the UK.

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• Due to these modifications, the tertiary sector is the most important one in the Welsh economy.

• There is still some industry left in Wales, but it is progressively losing importance.

• Farming is still important in North Wales.

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TRADITIONS• Saint David's Day is the feast day of Saint

David, the patron saint of Wales, andtakes place on 1 March. That date waschosen in remembrance of the death ofSaint David. Tradition holds that he diedin 589. The date was declared a nationalday of celebration within Wales in the18th century.

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• The Mari Lwyd is a Welsh midwinter tradition, possibly to celebrate New Year, although itformerly took place over a period stretchingfrom Christmas to late January. It is a form ofvisiting wassail, a luck-bringing ritual in which the participants accompany a person disguisedas a horse from house to house and sing at eachdoor in the hope of gaining admittance andbeing rewarded with food and drink.

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WELSH HOME’S EVOLUTION

A Tudor house

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• The life is similar as in the Basque Country but with some differences.

• Most of the people live in houses with gardens and this is more independent. But this means that people is not social as us.

• Cardiff is not a typical Welsh village. It is a big city and a cosmopolitan city.

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• At 7 pm normally the people are at home, not like here that people stay out more time.

• This is also because the work day in Wales is continue and they finish working at 3 and then they have the afternoon to shop, stay out… Cardiff at 4 o'clock

Daily routine

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• The first habit is that they get up early. In the work days they get up at 6 o´clock, all thefamily.

• When they enter home they remove theirshoes.

• Another habit or maybe tradition is thatwhen there is a rugby or football match theysing their hymn with pride.

• In New Year's Eve day they go to the churchwhen they hear the 12 bells.

Daily routine

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• They have a lot of time and they use this time to study music, tostudy how to play thepiano, the guitar…

• They also use a lot thepublic transport: thetrain, the bus…Daily routine

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• The welsh people are friendly, hospitable, with a sense of humor.

• They are good and nice people. Forexample when we were in Wales they askus everytime if we want something todrink, to eat…

• They are a friendly and enthusiasticnation.

The Welsh

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• The food and the gastronomy habits are different in Wales.

• They normally have a big breakfast: eggs, sausages, bacon, toast with jam or butter, juice, milk, porridge(like a cereal)….

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• They give a pack lunch (sandwichwes, fruit, jogur, cake…) to school or to the work.

• Here normally we eat at some hours but in Wales they eat when they are hungry and if they are out they are out they eat walking.

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• They work a lot and sometimes they don´t have time to cook and they eat fast food…

• In the television they have a lot of cook programmes and they see a lot to study how to cook.

• At homes they have more than one cook books.Bryn Williams a famous

Welsh cook

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• The butter is important on their life. They put the butter on all the sandwiches, cakes, biscuits… and they eat it for breakfast…

• The tea is also important to them. They drink tea all the time, for breakfast, for lunch, andeven for tea

• They don´t eatmuch fish.cawl

• The first difference is that they don´t have bread like here. They only have some like a bun for have breakfast or to do sandwiches.

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• Bara brith: It is like a bread or cake with raisins.

• Crempogs: It is a pancake made with self-raising flour, salt, eggs, milk and salted butter.

• Cawl: It has potatoes, beef and carrots

• Welsh Cake (picau ar y maen, pice bach, cacen gri or teisen radell) Welsh cakes are made from flour, sultanas, raisins, and/or currants.

crew

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• They produce a lot of different cheeses: Caerphilly, Fenni, Llanboidy…

• They produce:sheep, lamb, vine, beer…

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• In Wales some shops are 24 h open and this is a big advantage for the people who work all the day. On Sundays they are also open.

• And in a lot of streets are food shops, fast food, cheeps, Chinese, Indian food (they like foreign food)…

Shopping andeating outside

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Chinese

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Indian

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Not thatbad

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• The school is very big and there are children from different levels.

• The school day is different. They go to school between 8 and 8:45 and then at 8:45 they pass the list.

• The oldest people they only have 3 or 4 subjects and they have a lot of study time.

The school’s welcome poster

School

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CymruHannah Brown

Miren Aramendi Galdos

Beca Harries

Eneritz Korta Zulaika

Morfudd Matthews

Nerea Etxaniz Lizaso

Marianne Dupuy

Maialen Arizti Zuazolazigorraga

Megan Powell-Williams

Iosu Irizar Alberdi

Rebeca Hughes

Leire Garcia Romarate

William Boyles

Amaia Iparragirre Letamendia

Rhys Waring

Leila Iraola Lasa

Jessica Collins

Ainhoa Juaristi Eizmendi

Gwenllian Thomas

Miren Izagirre Uranga

Angharad Rosser

Beñat Altzibar Goenaga

Caio Redknap

Jokin Donazar Odriozola

Jâms Powys

Julen Agirrezabala Zeberio

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Ffarwel a diolch !!!!Ondo bizi eta gero arte, lagun galestarrok !!!!