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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

x 105

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

p 10,0

Iteration

a

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

x 105

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12b

Iteration

p 4,0

� � �� +�< ` E�C5JOBM@=>�BMP @=9;E CfKQ:^K ` EF@=ES:=>�� >@?BA ? KMR;WW�� A ? PhBD: @^9;E-�#KM: �QB V LN9fKM<?R>=< ` _;JOKQ@^<?BDR G � K �,>=9;B �&>�@=9;E�C;J?BM@�BMP � >@?BA ? 687 <?@ÊF:^KQ@=<OBDRgG � 6 � >=95B �&>�@^9;E�C;JOBM@�BMP �� A ? 6k7<?@=ES:=KQ@^<?BDR G

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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

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0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

Iteration

p 5,0

a

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

x 105

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02b

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Y r8p

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

x 105

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

α

a

Iteration

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

x 105

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35b

Iteration

δ

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α

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Y rMr

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.34

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

x 10−3

γ

α

a

0.1 0.15 0.2 0.254

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

x 10−3

γδ

b

0.02 0.04 0.06 0.080.05

0.1

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0.2

0.25

α

p10,0

c

0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.050.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

α

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1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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