Upload
others
View
5
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
( ): , 7-10 2003
Copyright © 2004 ( ) SBN 960-7093-86-0
1
- µ : µ
µ .
, « µ , , . .» ( . µ
1998:684) µ µ µ ,
, µ ’ µ µ
, µ µ
.
µ
µ , µ µ µ µ
µ ( . 2000).
µ « » µ
µ µ µ . µ µ
µ µ µ µ µ
, µ
µ µ µ µ µ
, µ µ µ µ
µ µ µ µ µ .
µ µ µ
µ µ – µ –
µ µ µ ( . Martinet 1976:164-165.
µ & 1997:38-39).
µ µ .
µ µ µ ( . Lyons 1995:44-47),
µ , ,
µ (Martinet 1969:130), µ µ
µ µ µ µ ,
µ µ , µµ ,
( ): , 7-10 2003
Copyright © 2004 ( ) SBN 960-7093-86-0
2
µ µ µ ’ µ
( . µ & 1997:38).
H µ . ,
, :
µ µ ,
, µ µ
µ µ , , , µ . .
µ µ µ µ :
µ , , , ,
µ µ µ µ µ µ µ µ
.
µ
µ , µ µ ,
µ
µ µ µ , µ µ
. µ µ
µ ’
, µ µ µ
, µ µ µ .
µ µ µ µ
, µ , µ ( , ,
) . µ
µ µ µ (1759-1916), µ
µ µ
35 I M
K 1759 1916,
2159 µ ( . 1995:33).
µ
µ µ µ ,
µ µ µ µ
( ): , 7-10 2003
Copyright © 2004 ( ) SBN 960-7093-86-0
3
µ
µ .
µ , µ
, µ
. µ µ µ
µ µ µ .
µ µ , , µ
, µ µ µ µ
µ µ . µ µ µ
µ µ
,
µ µ – µ , µ µ
( . T 1982:3).
µ µ , O µ O µ ( . µ
1992:11), µ µ µ
. µ ,
µ , µ µ
µ , , , , ,
, .
µ , µ , µ
, µ
µ µ µ µ µ . ,
µ , µ µ µ ,
µ µ ( µ ), .
, E X ,
Z , µ A ( . B 1963-64:148).
µ µ µ µ ,
µ µ
. µ µ µ
, ,
µ µ µ ,
µ µ .
( ): , 7-10 2003
Copyright © 2004 ( ) SBN 960-7093-86-0
4
µ ,
µ « µ », µ µ µ
, µ µ , ,
µ µ µ . µ , µ ,
µ µ µ µ
. µ
µ µ µ -
µ , µ ,
. K 1990:41-42. µ µ
µ . µ µ (
, µ . ., . 1995:89), µ
( . . ) ( . . ) . .
µ µ µ µ
µ ,
µ µ µ µ µ
. µ µ µ µ ,
, , ,
µ . µ µ µ µ µ
µ µ
: µ µ µ
µ µ µ µ µ ,
µ , µ µ ,
µ ,
, µ . µ µ
µ , µ µ
, , µ , µ
, , µ µ µ
.
µ µ
, µ µ . µ ,
µ , µ µ
, µ
µ µ , , ,
( ): , 7-10 2003
Copyright © 2004 ( ) SBN 960-7093-86-0
5
µ µ µ
µ .
µ
µ µ µ µ –
– µ
µ µ µ
, µ
. µ µ
( . 1982:11 . . 1995:75 . .) µ , µ µ ,
µ , µ µ .
µ :
. : 2159 µ µ 385 ( 17,83%)
µ µ .
µ µ (223, 57.92%)
µ , . .: (< gaga " µ " +
-l ), Z (< zavall " µ , µ "), K (<
, , < kaplan
" "), (< lâfazan " , "), M (<
burun "µ " + -çi, "µ "), M (<
bos " , " + - ),
(< deli " " + ), (< partal " "),
(< sakallî " "), T (< ç f t,
"E ", µ " "), T (< topal " "),
X (< hac lar, hac " ,
", X (< horoz " ").
113 ( 29.09%) µ
µ µ µ
µ , . .: A µ (< arabac " "), Z (<
zerzevatçi " "), K (< kantarc " ,
"), K (< kâhya " , "), K
(< kiraci " , "), K (< kundura " "
< , ), M (< mutaf +
-c " , µµ "),
( ): , 7-10 2003
Copyright © 2004 ( ) SBN 960-7093-86-0
6
M (< bazdar " "), M (< bak r " ", .
µ X ), N µ (< nalband " , "), O (<
usta " "), (< peynirci " µ "), (<
saatçi " "), T (< çiftçi " "), T (<
tüfekçi " , "), X (< helvaci " "),
X (< hanci " , ").
22 (5.71%) µ µ µ , . .: Z (<
Z ), M (< Murat " µ "), M (<
µ < bey " " + - ).
20 (5.19%) , . .: µ (< µ
µ + -l ), I µ (< µ
K , Istanbul + -l ), K µ (<
Karabunar, µ M µ K , + -
l ), M (< macar "M , O "), M , - (<
Mora "M " + -l ), M (< bosnak
"B "), N (< µ N , µ N µ µ
, + -li), P µ (< rum " µ "
+ , " ").
7 (1.82%), , µ , . .: B (< bey " "),
M (< muhtar " , µ "), M (< bash
" "), µ (< on " " + bash " ", ),
(< pasha " ").
µ µ
µ : -ci µ , -li
, -oglu - , - .
µ kara- µ «µ ».
. : µ (126,
5.84%) µ µ
, ,
µ (FYROM) ( . 2002) µ
.
µ µ (83 µ ,
67.48%), . .: B (< velik "µ "), (< galen
" µ "), (< gîb "µ "), Z (< zaek " "),
( ): , 7-10 2003
Copyright © 2004 ( ) SBN 960-7093-86-0
7
K (< kokoroz, < kukuruz " µ "), (<
, , , < liga " "), (< ljut
" , "), M (< maleçko < malîk "µ "),
M (< bel " " + - > M
" ", µ µ ( . & 2003) >
M ), M (< buka "µ ", µ ,
), N µ (< dropla " "), P (< rep " "),
(< sjop µ B , µ
µ µ " , ", . Papahagi 1974:1155, M 1966:246),
T (< trup " µ , " + -
, . & 2003), X (< hljap " µ ").
22 ( 17.89%) µ µ µ , . .: K (<
K kolçe < K , N ), (< Lençe,
E ), µ (< Ljuba " ", .
A ), N (< Niço, < ),
(< µ " " µ : +
- , . 1995:111 < Stanko,
Stan), (< , µ
Stepan = ), T (< T , Trajan,
µ ).
12 (9.76%) µ , . .: B (< " ", <
vagan), (< govedar " µ , ",
. µ ), K (< kuja " "), N (<
drvo " , ", . µ ), (< pajak " ,
"), (< " µ ", < pokrov " "),
(< sjatra " , ", . µ T < çardak
" , "), (< skotar " ", . O µ
1991:270).
9 ( 7.14%) , . .: Z (<
µ Z + - , < zad " " + gora
" "), K (< kazak " "), M (< Bitola,
µ M , + - ), (<
sîrb " ").
, 2 ( 1.63%) µ : K , K (< kral
" ").
( ): , 7-10 2003
Copyright © 2004 ( ) SBN 960-7093-86-0
8
:
- < -çe, - ,
.
. : µ µ
114 ( 5.28%).
µ (65, 57.02%) µ , . .: (<
gjatë " , µ "), Z (< , , , , . zavë-a
zava), Z (< zekth-i " , µ , µ "),
Z (< zot-i " , , , "), K (< k kë-a
" "), (< , , . lala " " lalë-a, lâla
" µ "), M (< mire " "), M (< besë-a " ,
"), M (< bythë-a " , "), N (<
dragoi " "), (< plak-u pleaca " "),
X µ (< haci " "+ bir " , ").
23 ( 20.18%) , . .: (<
gegë-a " "), (< Gora, BA A ),
(< µ < Dardhë " "), (<
" " < Liap, µ µ , µ µ
(Labëria) N A ), ( Pepeli A ),
(< µ Shkreta K ), T ( µ
Treska), T µ (< µ , µ A T µ
A ), . 1982.
22 ( 19.3%) µ µ µ , . .: (< µ
µ , N , . K 1982:29), (<
Gjin = ), (< Lekë-a = A ).
(7 µ , 6.14%) µ , . .:
K (< , < kats keçi, A 1971:153, +
- ), N (< derë " ", . µ ,
K (< . kap c + -oglu " "),
( < shtupë-a " , µ ", . O µ 1991:382).
µ .
µ µ
: - < -ush, .
( ): , 7-10 2003
Copyright © 2004 ( ) SBN 960-7093-86-0
9
. - : (47, 2.18%), µ
, µ µ .
µ (36) , µ
µ (8).
µ (21 µ , 53.19%) µ , . .:
K µ (< kara "µ " + µ < mazzoca
< maxuca), K µ (< µ < corna muza
" µ "), M (< malaffare
gente di malaffare " µ ").
12 µ (25.53%) µ , . .:
(< granatiere " , µ , µ
µ "), K µ (< casamia " "), K (<
cordovane " µ µ Cordoba" + -c\),
M µ (< barbiere "µ µ , "), M (< berrétto
" "), (< soldato " , µ µ "), T (<
taglia d' oro " "), T (< + - <
zucca).
10 (21.28%) µ µ µ , . .: M (<
madonna " , "), P (< Rocco, . M
1912:121), (< , < signiore " " + T = I ,
" ", . T 1982:15, M 1912:118, (<
Estienne, Etienne = , . M 1912:118, T
1982:15), T ( T 1982:15 µ T
Zuane = , M 1912:119 . Jean).
2 : A , .
, 1 µ : (< < conte, <
comes).
µ 2159 µ ,
µ µ µ :
µ 903 ( 41.82%),
µ . µ µ µ µ : ,
K (< k kë-a " "), (< sari " , , µ ,
"), µ , µ , : B (<
( ): , 7-10 2003
Copyright © 2004 ( ) SBN 960-7093-86-0
10
viran " , µµ "), Z , (< sjop,
B , µ µ µ " , ", .
Papahagi 1974:1155, M 1966:246) µ µ : , Z (<
zaek " "), K (< , , , µ ),
(< , µ ) µ µ : B (< ,
µ µ µ + µ - ), (<
gîb "µ "), K (< karpuz " "), M µ (<
µ µ , ) µ µ : (<
gashti " "), K (< . cal(l)ota " µµ , ,
"), M (< bondza " µ ",
1973) : A (< ), Z (< zora " "),
N (< nedelja "K "), X (< ) :
µ , B (< veli " µ , , "), (<
deçko " "), M (< mingu "µ ", Papahagi
1974:800), (< plak-u pleaca " ", Papahagi
1974:996, 1002, . O µ 1991:419, 439).
µ µ 650 ( 30.11%), 465 µ , . .
A , , , X , 185 µ , . . A (<
A , < ), B (< B = B ), N (<
N , µ N , A , .
M 1892:68), (< " ", . M
1966:201, K 1982).
µ 291 ( 13.48%), µ µ :
B (< + - ), K (< +
- ), (< skotar " ", . O µ
1991:270), T µ (< çoban " ") : µ (<
µ , ), K (< ,
), Z (< zerzevatçi " "), M (<
bahçivan " ") : K (< kalfa
" , µ "), M (< µ < µ
µ , < magister), N (< duvar " "), O (<
usta " ") µ : B (< "
"), (< + -c ), :
( ): , 7-10 2003
Copyright © 2004 ( ) SBN 960-7093-86-0
11
K ( ( µ ) < . cordovane " µ
µ Cordoba" + -c\), N µ (<
tabak " "), : (< +
- ), M (< bardak " "), µ : A (<
/ . atlas " , µ µ "), M (<
mutaf + -c " ,
µµ "), µ : B (< , µ µ ),
N (< ), µ : A (< alaca " µ ",
(< " µ "), : A , N µ (< µ µ <
leblebi " "), µ : M , M (< bak r
" ", . µ X ), µ µ : K (<
" ", . M 1964:169), K (< kiraci " ,
").
µ µ 43 ( 1.99%), . .: Aµ (<
A µ + aga " "), (< , µ B , .
M 1912:103), E ( µ < + , .
B 1959:213), T (< çavus " µ ").
µ 188 ( 8.71%), . . B , K , (<
µ , K ), M (< Mora "M " +
-l , . µ M ).
µ
.
. ( , ,
, , ,
) µ , µ µ
µ 19 ,
µ µ .
:
µ µ µ µ
µ ( . & 2003). µ µ
( ): , 7-10 2003
Copyright © 2004 ( ) SBN 960-7093-86-0
12
, µ µ ,
, , µ
µ : , , , µ
. ’ µ
500 µ µ
. µ µ µ µ
, 672 2159 ( 31.13%) µ
.
. µ
µ µ
µ µ µ
µ , . .
µ µ
, ,
, , N
(µ ) K
µ µ .
. ( . , ), µ
µ µ
µ .
µ :
.
µ - (<-ci)
( µ ) - (<-li) ( µ ) - (<-oglu),
(µ , . - , - ).
, , - (<-çe) - ,
- (< -ush).
µ µ
µ µ .
µ µ , µ
µ µ , . .:
µ (< papaz " " +
-oglu),) (< µ N ,
µ N µ µ + - )
(< N + -li) (<
( ): , 7-10 2003
Copyright © 2004 ( ) SBN 960-7093-86-0
13
K , K µ , +
- ) . .
µ
µ . µ
, µ , , . .
, - , - (µ ), - - (µ +
), , (< - + - ) ,
. . - , - , . . - .
µ ( , ,
, . .), : , ,
I , , Z , T , , T , T , T ,
, K , N , N , N , N , N , N , N .
µ µ
.
µ .
µ µ : + -çe +
- > µ (<
) + - ( µ ) + - >
µ .
µ µ µ
µ , . .
+ µ - > µ . ,
µ , µ µ
µ bos + -li +
-( ) .
, µ
-,
µ µ -, . . µ / µ (< kara- / µ - +
µ < µ µ ).
. µ
µ µ
, µ .
µ , govedar « µ
( ): , 7-10 2003
Copyright © 2004 ( ) SBN 960-7093-86-0
14
, ». µ µ µ : ,
µ , K , K , , .
. µ (K , , )
µ µ
µ µ µ ,
µ µ µ ( .
1995:47 . .). µ µ µ
:
µ ,
µ µ µ . . .
µ mire (= ) µ « »
µ µ .
µ µ µ ,
µ (< araba = ) , µ (<
Istanbul) µ , (< gashti = )
. .
µ µ µ ,
µ . . . (< dolapçi <
dolap = µ , + -ci) ,
(< kap c < kap " " +
-ci + -oglu),) ,
.
µ ,
µ
µ µ . µ
µ µ (< nizam = ),
µ E (<
bereket = ) µ .
. µ
µ µ .
. µ
( ): , 7-10 2003
Copyright © 2004 ( ) SBN 960-7093-86-0
15
µ µ ,
µ µ , µ
µ .
672 2159 ( 31.13%) µ µ
µ 392 (58.3%) µ . µ
µ µ
µ ( . 1932:171-2),
µ
, µ µ ,
µ µ
µ µ’ µ µ
.
µ µ (144,
21.43%). , 113
144 ( 78.47%) µ
µ . – µ µ –
, µ
µ .
µ µ µ .
µ µ µ µ 76 µ (
11.01%) µ ,
( 20). ’ µ ,
µ µ ,
.
µ (54 µ , 8.04%) µ µ
µ
µ . µ (23)
,
.
µ µ (10,
1.49%). µ (µ 7 µ ), ,
µ µ ,
( ): , 7-10 2003
Copyright © 2004 ( ) SBN 960-7093-86-0
16
µ µ
.
.
. µ , µ
µ µ
µ , .
µ µ µ
µ µ µ
µ , .
1995:89 . ., . K , 1932:171-2.
. µ µ µ
: µ (
), . ., > µ µ µ
,
µ . µ
µ
µ , . . , ,
.
. µ µ µ µ µ µ
µ , ( .
1, 173. B 1963-4:184. µ 1992:92). µ µ
µ ( . 1995:81 . .)
µ µ
– – .
. µ µ ,
’ , µ µ µ
, µ µ
, µ µ . (
bahçivan " ") µ µ µ ,
µ µ µ µ
µ . µ µ µ
µ µ µ
µ . -
µ µ µ µ µ
( ): , 7-10 2003
Copyright © 2004 ( ) SBN 960-7093-86-0
17
µ µ : µ
µ (< çoban " ") (<
skotar " "), (< govedar " ")
, µ (< nalband " ,
") (< kuja " "),
(< saatçi " ") , , , , ,
(< bak r " ") ,
µ .
. µ µ
µ ( µ ) µ
. (< usta " "), . .,
, µ (< nizam
" ") / , µ
µ .
. µ µ µ
µ µ µ µ
µ µ µ
µ µ µ . µ
µ
µ µ . µ µ µ µ
, µ ,
( . 1995:84 . .). µ µ
: : B (< µ B , µ
- K K µ ), K (< µ K ), P µ (<
P µ , µ P ), : A (<
µ A ), (< µ , µ T ),
K (< µ K ), B : K (<
µ K , µ µ K ), N (<
µ N , µ ), (< ),
E : K µ (< µ Karabunar, µ M ),
M (< µ M , µ B ), (< µ
, µ E µ ), µ µ : B ,
(< µ ), K , K ( µ
K E ), K (< µ K , µ
Y µ ), N (< µ N , µ
( ): , 7-10 2003
Copyright © 2004 ( ) SBN 960-7093-86-0
18
N µ Hµ ), N (< µ N , µ
N µ µ ), (< µ , µ
µ µ ), X (< µ X ,
µ O µ K ), H :
Z ( ), Z µ (< µ
Z µ , µ µ I ), N (< µ
N , µ A µ µ I ), (< µ
µ I ), µ A : (<
gegë-a " "), (< µ
), (< " " < Liap, µ µ
, µ µ (Labëria) N A , .
K 1982:29), T µ (< µ A T µ
A ), M : µ , K (< K ,
K µ ), M , M (< Bitola, µ
M ), : A , B ,
Z (< µ Z ), M (< µ
M ), µ : A (< µ A
= N + - , . T 1982:26, 31,
M 1912:128, K 1932:182), A µ (< µ , A µ ),
I µ (< Istanbul, µ K ), M (< µ
M , µ µ , . T 1982:28),
M (< macar "M , O "), M (< bogîdanî
Bugdan " M , M
P µ "), M (< bosnak "B "), M (<
M , ), , , : B , ,
K (< kara "µ " + dag " " +
-l " "), , X , X .
. µ / µ
, ’ µ
: B B , , K (< K ,
N ) K , , X X .
( ): , 7-10 2003
Copyright © 2004 ( ) SBN 960-7093-86-0
19
µ µ
µ µ ( µ ,
µ , µ ) µ ( ,
µ , µ ), ’ . µ
µ µ µ
µ . µ µ µ
, µ 19 ,
. µ µ
µ µ µ µ
µ µ µ , , µ
µµ .
µ µ µ .
Lyons, J. 1995. E . A : .
Martinet, A. 1976. . : I N
.
Papahagi, T. 1974. Dictionarul Dialectului Aromân. Bucure@ti: Editura Academiei Republicii
Sociali@te România
N. 1971. E µ K N . : I
N
, . 1959. «H µ
µ ». A 63:195-245
, . 1963. « µ µ µ
E (1878 - 1962)». A 66 (1962) 67 (1963 - 64).
1, 173.
, N. 1982. «A µ P . : '
µ B E ».
, N. 1990. T µ N µ . :
.
, . & , . 2003. «T µ K – »
( µ ).
, . 1982. «A µ E ». ONOMATA 7:28-32.
( ): , 7-10 2003
Copyright © 2004 ( ) SBN 960-7093-86-0
20
, M. 1932. « µ µ ». A 44:171 - 183.
µ , . 1998. . :
, E. 1966. T µ H . I
, E. 1892. «M µ B
». A : A K
, A. 1912. T µ µ µ . A
, K. 1995. K µ (1759-1916). K : I B .
, . 2002. « ; I µ ». M 9, µ
.
µ , K. 1991. T µ Z . I
, . 1973. B .
µ , X. 1992. E µ . : A K .
, M. 1982. T µ µ . : I
N .
µ , A & X , . 1997. H
: & µ . : K .
, . 2000. « :
µ ». 50. A