ASTpound WATtR REClAIAll()I ASO RpoundL-st 11 PETROUUM MOllERV AT AIGUU AItpoundA OIlT Of

KHARTOUM

BY FARIS ClllAS1I1 FARIS I SAM MOOAIMpoundD ABOELshy

MAGIO

ABSTllAcr Thsect sectIud) -as gogjUCled at Khartoum lCfrollaquom Rerlllery al Algtlh onh of Klllrtoum The wudy dlscuues WlSlt aler 1ICIIITltJll methods I lhe rdircry as wdI as final dJ)J)OsaI methods Ipplled on ledallned ater Waste water mlle IfT1IamplIDft lS pleMnled lllihe Sludy IS dllS IU dfea on plants and crops The obectJ~e of lin SlucI)tSIOuSftIIMmethodsofaste ater IrUllnCfl1 Idopled III the 1o1l1rorune1ll I toliporJlllOll poods near lhe

rclinery After IcsIl and ecperimcnlS done on 1M walIe WII treltmenl UI1IU and tolporJIUon ponds 1M lreaten by pllnl p~ lood raulu of at reclallUlllon 99 6 ~roen of011 W115 ~d dullll8 lhe 110- es 99 76 pereenI ()f ~oIIllle phenol 115 ellll1lnallld roo vae ~ by 77 percent howtoel II Incrcucd ~ more dIe_ p--c and tst- Icmpu-re PHolIIIoeW IIpuIlCkTfDr lhe _ _ ntian die ~ _ bull WUlIyenala __hock b _I Sud M dIe

em_oa Ci I and IIIIIIipt _ efIia wtlF from ___flow paint fOIJlaquoZ no Iqhgiblenomiddot _pouII tourte Ind hence CllJtn kraquo comantlnalion

()NI)laJ(AH ISIMlaquollolfltSnY

WDAN UNIVERSITY OF saENnt TECHNOlOGY ISlSc__

Vol 4(12001 200) (114 10

~T bull L

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~ JJ ~ P J ~gtWI gtl-J Lrli y y -gtJ ~~~ loU

bull r- ~JgtrJ)o J )i-lIJ~~JJLP~ ~~~

~~ tI -~~ Ip J ~ ~)ltJ ~~

J~ u 99 76 J bull J4jJ r ~ 996 JJ J- li UL 77 J~~ -S14- ~) Ui-Il ~

~~J ) _J ___ p1JJ)ltJJOoI~) ~I ) gtii ~

-I-- J -y ~j~ J~ 01) loS 0 - j ~

JoJ Lr-l -liJ ~ 1 11 ~-I~UJoll

J ~ v- J J1 - l ~ flo JIi ~r J lwII )0

p ~U J -_ ft- Jogt ~ ffGaODUCJfOfi

01 i I _ t uaII $Iepi ofprodutllUll frum upsretlm fO0

_ Vam 15 UoRd fordnlllnlrPur~1t f-ohwosand -n Plrh of ttrilrnij vta Iii uo lIyenCted In weis for oil -pqducuun ILI ~U ~ __ of naled watCf II produoett dunng prodllttKlll opeBlOBl BIII bebmd amotUll Ofpondi Segt-trallrCaUTlCrn pnx_ Ihould be undenaken befOfC diSpOMl Relinllll IS an Importanl step in 011 plodUJ1I0n Waer IS u$Cd ~ for 5( era purposes al different st~ of elinu An appraable mounl of OnltOo~ler is lell behnd In thc process polluhOn of waler resoulCes and thc cnlronmem nearby IS expected

Vol lt11 2001

1111 (1)1 I~ -llllllllO

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U01$Olt1 UIII J~I lt_IlJIP

I u~ gtJ~I lIU~IOJl~ I ~gtJwd IU~llr~n IRgttltU

lOlI1 10 g)~JP gt11 pUI ItlOraquo) purlllgtp

1k1~--O I~_WP ((100 1 IUlIUOp U~ 1~JgtltI lid II- su PIH ~I ~)In~ lmhI~IU ll 11I)Illltgt~ 1 ~~l popu 10111l~ Ilh ~I ~~IIf)pmli pu~ ~Yluel~ 01 mrJOJ)II IIImUl~

JI~gtIS~ )0 UInb gtIIIIOJlU(l1 01 =~Nd 11110 111m gtItl UtHHt~ iIILNI iI ii~ )OMI L U1 l~1I

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JOllmll ofSCICIKX It Td~ plJ u 1~ processes includt the climinauon ohydrocn IgtUlfidC4 gu and exJrnction ofalcohohc sulfates and netllraliallOn u~lIIg Qustic soda ~ pr~ ~hou1d he included in the design of lr1atmcnt OperatOH to reduce wa~tewa[er emuent problems 2- lIntuccul~tcd oil separllion alllJ studC rcn)(war IrocesC~ TIlCSC pr~ include oil sepaldllOfl equipment 1Id oil ~lrtIQn tanks by using lIlulcmcrn methods as e1 as Woller ~lOI1 from dralll nUl(lUrC at the top of orl ltIomse lunks (baJJa~t hler sc~nUor~)

J Spccj~1 separation processes fm the rell1l1mlll~ ul aJ1d for Ihe ciiminahon ofphcnob and suitnlesnd III gtI~ll I1l1puritic Alsu in tins process rile BOO and COD are roouelaquo In Ih~ aIXcplBblcbull limrh to Improve the color taste and odor orthe emuelll

Table I rcpr~nls a sample of IltIailCollt1lltt standards lrom a pelrolwm refinery before d~cMIal~ 1)861

Tl8Lpound m MI Ol MPrrurv

ron~tllllcni

I pH 2- Total 01 l_ Ihennls

4- Sullilesf1j~kuhollc Sul~fn

STE ~Tn q~NUKDgt t-ROol 4PHROL

(J I 6 S - 85

_L~ ms-I

~2_1Il1_

95 ILL - o5 m~]~_

ASH A It K KlltSE

bull I h~ uC oflrealed walev8Icr elluenl lor Hlgllud egncuhulc offc an orporlUnily 10 CVhC[~ IOdter resource Waler r~clJmall01l can aloo pru~ide and aIlCfah~e 10 be digtposcd on areas whe sudllt

bull waler~ h~~c a lilllltOO capacity to assunolal( the conranWlilHlslhc ~Iudge hat Icgtuh~ from waste water treatment aplhed IV ldlnlarnl can Imptove til( physical proJlt-I11CS and Agricultural prodcll~i1 of soil bull Kd Ii ngrlcultural ue Im~de~ an 3Itetn~tc 10 d-rlt1I31

VOl f( I) 2()n~ 111(11(1) ~

bull

opliOIll ada bull illClllCfluon or Land-fillmg (Jowe amp Abdul-~wl

)The IpplicatlOn or ISI~-atCf dlIuenll 10 5UiI5 mly poie $Orne nsk or 8aund 1IIoler toIUan1IIlIon by HIWel5 Ind bKter ho-oooTVCl Thai nM can be mlllnnized (AS 1996) by aJcquII~ dianfecuOnl or recillmed ~er Ind by IIow mrlltration mts

BEtlA nOlI OF SOIL AD PL--TS n POSpoundD TO CJI[tlCAL COloSTlTtrn IUn A11[D WA n R ATII5 (1911) l lled d1 lhere aliI raaOf whIch appear to be Imponanl 1M encooragmg high decomposItIon rlet of petroleum hydroatbon (I mItore or IIliphalrlt IrOIl1lIICbullsphallK eomJHgtUnds In soil) 1l1ac (actors Ire ternperatur~ concenlrillont ldequlte y of ~lIaI nutOCnts and l1Iilablhtv of~ien Ther~ IS I hnle ~ldetxc (Of 1118(1CIrlI IeachlS of petroleum OfprK

compounds from the upper HIli Ia)er 1111) 01 lhe OfltImc compounds I~ dlanicilly Of toIogIcllly degraded Of ycQhUled from the SOlI dUIlng the crOPPing staJOll

8ecatne rhe rnchOll of sludge botnc-Iovc orpnoc IhlIl does reoNlnnlS 1011 lias low btoi-ailabilly Ibwfption by Clops is nqjlpre In tumt= ClIIseJ ~OIaIlI~ lo(ic nrgamcl rTIl~- conllnUJlalf plann uwxlhrouth bmrption of ~olaillued compound~ hoC~CI manlJenwnt prac1ce such IS ncorporatlOn of $IuJJ(c Wllh WJllnd IPplocannn of Iludge berore plant IioJlIOOlm~ 11 ~ub5l11ll11I reduce Iny pllm tlIJI()tUIl 10 ~oJlltle ngam compounds (NAS 19) A iabie dltl ndicale thai potentially hyenmfuI to nglnlQ poIIulln do not emer edible ponOiI of pi1lii lhat Ie nptcd wIth ttalrnent mulliCpal Ie 16 tmgIllOll ofvesecatlOft IIIt$ plot wITh WUteWIIer Ihown DO aoeumulaiOll of PoIymiddotnuclear ramIIlI hydrocuton (P~b) espccollllv 8enza (1)p)-rCTNjlrnil n II 1974) In II study of AlddI)dltlnd other OfgIIntCSl1 l8fCU1turaJ land tealmmt Rles (Oodhlll tl II 1976) found 110 uf1al~ or Acnllldlw CrotMIJddrtIe and Bmzoakkh)dc In lhe abme ground pMoon or polalOCSbullnd corn Cycktheunone Ind C~lohe~ooI could be foum IfI com planb rWI cia) aflc nnlliOll

-01 I) 2003

1111 (1)1 I~ -llllllllO

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U01$Olt1 UIII J~I lt_IlJIP

I u~ gtJ~I lIU~IOJl~ I ~gtJwd IU~llr~n IRgttltU

lOlI1 10 g)~JP gt11 pUI ItlOraquo) purlllgtp

1k1~--O I~_WP ((100 1 IUlIUOp U~ 1~JgtltI lid II- su PIH ~I ~)In~ lmhI~IU ll 11I)Illltgt~ 1 ~~l popu 10111l~ Ilh ~I ~~IIf)pmli pu~ ~Yluel~ 01 mrJOJ)II IIImUl~

JI~gtIS~ )0 UInb gtIIIIOJlU(l1 01 =~Nd 11110 111m gtItl UtHHt~ iIILNI iI ii~ )OMI L U1 l~1I

Jll~ iill IC~ IIJO -llUn 111gtJlll)l P(lli

11IgtJljIP J~I raquo~ 0[1 4ii11 )~ sgtmJd Jolil l)gtJn J~IU

1urI WO 1 1010 iiY~C)1 pu~ 13rlld WOll IIIllJJ ~)JJnO J~lflO bull swlt1

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IltJoIW)Ill 11 11 WOIJ (Xlu~p sl~nfOJd puR 1CIlnO till OIIIJOJ

]oolJlp 0111 gtUlOgt we)b QUO ~otll -0 ~111middot 1I111l ~IJO _ew l ltuolllJgtdn llYn Que III (Xln _IJin ~Ir gtU1J 110 I

il-llIr~ UUUn

1gt J - OOIOUIImiddotL Y lt I 1tUAnr

JOllmll ofSCICIKX It Td~ plJ u 1~ processes includt the climinauon ohydrocn IgtUlfidC4 gu and exJrnction ofalcohohc sulfates and netllraliallOn u~lIIg Qustic soda ~ pr~ ~hou1d he included in the design of lr1atmcnt OperatOH to reduce wa~tewa[er emuent problems 2- lIntuccul~tcd oil separllion alllJ studC rcn)(war IrocesC~ TIlCSC pr~ include oil sepaldllOfl equipment 1Id oil ~lrtIQn tanks by using lIlulcmcrn methods as e1 as Woller ~lOI1 from dralll nUl(lUrC at the top of orl ltIomse lunks (baJJa~t hler sc~nUor~)

J Spccj~1 separation processes fm the rell1l1mlll~ ul aJ1d for Ihe ciiminahon ofphcnob and suitnlesnd III gtI~ll I1l1puritic Alsu in tins process rile BOO and COD are roouelaquo In Ih~ aIXcplBblcbull limrh to Improve the color taste and odor orthe emuelll

Table I rcpr~nls a sample of IltIailCollt1lltt standards lrom a pelrolwm refinery before d~cMIal~ 1)861

Tl8Lpound m MI Ol MPrrurv

ron~tllllcni

I pH 2- Total 01 l_ Ihennls

4- Sullilesf1j~kuhollc Sul~fn

STE ~Tn q~NUKDgt t-ROol 4PHROL

(J I 6 S - 85

_L~ ms-I

~2_1Il1_

95 ILL - o5 m~]~_

ASH A It K KlltSE

bull I h~ uC oflrealed walev8Icr elluenl lor Hlgllud egncuhulc offc an orporlUnily 10 CVhC[~ IOdter resource Waler r~clJmall01l can aloo pru~ide and aIlCfah~e 10 be digtposcd on areas whe sudllt

bull waler~ h~~c a lilllltOO capacity to assunolal( the conranWlilHlslhc ~Iudge hat Icgtuh~ from waste water treatment aplhed IV ldlnlarnl can Imptove til( physical proJlt-I11CS and Agricultural prodcll~i1 of soil bull Kd Ii ngrlcultural ue Im~de~ an 3Itetn~tc 10 d-rlt1I31

VOl f( I) 2()n~ 111(11(1) ~

bull

opliOIll ada bull illClllCfluon or Land-fillmg (Jowe amp Abdul-~wl

)The IpplicatlOn or ISI~-atCf dlIuenll 10 5UiI5 mly poie $Orne nsk or 8aund 1IIoler toIUan1IIlIon by HIWel5 Ind bKter ho-oooTVCl Thai nM can be mlllnnized (AS 1996) by aJcquII~ dianfecuOnl or recillmed ~er Ind by IIow mrlltration mts

BEtlA nOlI OF SOIL AD PL--TS n POSpoundD TO CJI[tlCAL COloSTlTtrn IUn A11[D WA n R ATII5 (1911) l lled d1 lhere aliI raaOf whIch appear to be Imponanl 1M encooragmg high decomposItIon rlet of petroleum hydroatbon (I mItore or IIliphalrlt IrOIl1lIICbullsphallK eomJHgtUnds In soil) 1l1ac (actors Ire ternperatur~ concenlrillont ldequlte y of ~lIaI nutOCnts and l1Iilablhtv of~ien Ther~ IS I hnle ~ldetxc (Of 1118(1CIrlI IeachlS of petroleum OfprK

compounds from the upper HIli Ia)er 1111) 01 lhe OfltImc compounds I~ dlanicilly Of toIogIcllly degraded Of ycQhUled from the SOlI dUIlng the crOPPing staJOll

8ecatne rhe rnchOll of sludge botnc-Iovc orpnoc IhlIl does reoNlnnlS 1011 lias low btoi-ailabilly Ibwfption by Clops is nqjlpre In tumt= ClIIseJ ~OIaIlI~ lo(ic nrgamcl rTIl~- conllnUJlalf plann uwxlhrouth bmrption of ~olaillued compound~ hoC~CI manlJenwnt prac1ce such IS ncorporatlOn of $IuJJ(c Wllh WJllnd IPplocannn of Iludge berore plant IioJlIOOlm~ 11 ~ub5l11ll11I reduce Iny pllm tlIJI()tUIl 10 ~oJlltle ngam compounds (NAS 19) A iabie dltl ndicale thai potentially hyenmfuI to nglnlQ poIIulln do not emer edible ponOiI of pi1lii lhat Ie nptcd wIth ttalrnent mulliCpal Ie 16 tmgIllOll ofvesecatlOft IIIt$ plot wITh WUteWIIer Ihown DO aoeumulaiOll of PoIymiddotnuclear ramIIlI hydrocuton (P~b) espccollllv 8enza (1)p)-rCTNjlrnil n II 1974) In II study of AlddI)dltlnd other OfgIIntCSl1 l8fCU1turaJ land tealmmt Rles (Oodhlll tl II 1976) found 110 uf1al~ or Acnllldlw CrotMIJddrtIe and Bmzoakkh)dc In lhe abme ground pMoon or polalOCSbullnd corn Cycktheunone Ind C~lohe~ooI could be foum IfI com planb rWI cia) aflc nnlliOll

-01 I) 2003

JOllmll ofSCICIKX It Td~ plJ u 1~ processes includt the climinauon ohydrocn IgtUlfidC4 gu and exJrnction ofalcohohc sulfates and netllraliallOn u~lIIg Qustic soda ~ pr~ ~hou1d he included in the design of lr1atmcnt OperatOH to reduce wa~tewa[er emuent problems 2- lIntuccul~tcd oil separllion alllJ studC rcn)(war IrocesC~ TIlCSC pr~ include oil sepaldllOfl equipment 1Id oil ~lrtIQn tanks by using lIlulcmcrn methods as e1 as Woller ~lOI1 from dralll nUl(lUrC at the top of orl ltIomse lunks (baJJa~t hler sc~nUor~)

J Spccj~1 separation processes fm the rell1l1mlll~ ul aJ1d for Ihe ciiminahon ofphcnob and suitnlesnd III gtI~ll I1l1puritic Alsu in tins process rile BOO and COD are roouelaquo In Ih~ aIXcplBblcbull limrh to Improve the color taste and odor orthe emuelll

Table I rcpr~nls a sample of IltIailCollt1lltt standards lrom a pelrolwm refinery before d~cMIal~ 1)861

Tl8Lpound m MI Ol MPrrurv

ron~tllllcni

I pH 2- Total 01 l_ Ihennls

4- Sullilesf1j~kuhollc Sul~fn

STE ~Tn q~NUKDgt t-ROol 4PHROL

(J I 6 S - 85

_L~ ms-I

~2_1Il1_

95 ILL - o5 m~]~_

ASH A It K KlltSE

bull I h~ uC oflrealed walev8Icr elluenl lor Hlgllud egncuhulc offc an orporlUnily 10 CVhC[~ IOdter resource Waler r~clJmall01l can aloo pru~ide and aIlCfah~e 10 be digtposcd on areas whe sudllt

bull waler~ h~~c a lilllltOO capacity to assunolal( the conranWlilHlslhc ~Iudge hat Icgtuh~ from waste water treatment aplhed IV ldlnlarnl can Imptove til( physical proJlt-I11CS and Agricultural prodcll~i1 of soil bull Kd Ii ngrlcultural ue Im~de~ an 3Itetn~tc 10 d-rlt1I31

VOl f( I) 2()n~ 111(11(1) ~

bull

opliOIll ada bull illClllCfluon or Land-fillmg (Jowe amp Abdul-~wl

)The IpplicatlOn or ISI~-atCf dlIuenll 10 5UiI5 mly poie $Orne nsk or 8aund 1IIoler toIUan1IIlIon by HIWel5 Ind bKter ho-oooTVCl Thai nM can be mlllnnized (AS 1996) by aJcquII~ dianfecuOnl or recillmed ~er Ind by IIow mrlltration mts

BEtlA nOlI OF SOIL AD PL--TS n POSpoundD TO CJI[tlCAL COloSTlTtrn IUn A11[D WA n R ATII5 (1911) l lled d1 lhere aliI raaOf whIch appear to be Imponanl 1M encooragmg high decomposItIon rlet of petroleum hydroatbon (I mItore or IIliphalrlt IrOIl1lIICbullsphallK eomJHgtUnds In soil) 1l1ac (actors Ire ternperatur~ concenlrillont ldequlte y of ~lIaI nutOCnts and l1Iilablhtv of~ien Ther~ IS I hnle ~ldetxc (Of 1118(1CIrlI IeachlS of petroleum OfprK

compounds from the upper HIli Ia)er 1111) 01 lhe OfltImc compounds I~ dlanicilly Of toIogIcllly degraded Of ycQhUled from the SOlI dUIlng the crOPPing staJOll

8ecatne rhe rnchOll of sludge botnc-Iovc orpnoc IhlIl does reoNlnnlS 1011 lias low btoi-ailabilly Ibwfption by Clops is nqjlpre In tumt= ClIIseJ ~OIaIlI~ lo(ic nrgamcl rTIl~- conllnUJlalf plann uwxlhrouth bmrption of ~olaillued compound~ hoC~CI manlJenwnt prac1ce such IS ncorporatlOn of $IuJJ(c Wllh WJllnd IPplocannn of Iludge berore plant IioJlIOOlm~ 11 ~ub5l11ll11I reduce Iny pllm tlIJI()tUIl 10 ~oJlltle ngam compounds (NAS 19) A iabie dltl ndicale thai potentially hyenmfuI to nglnlQ poIIulln do not emer edible ponOiI of pi1lii lhat Ie nptcd wIth ttalrnent mulliCpal Ie 16 tmgIllOll ofvesecatlOft IIIt$ plot wITh WUteWIIer Ihown DO aoeumulaiOll of PoIymiddotnuclear ramIIlI hydrocuton (P~b) espccollllv 8enza (1)p)-rCTNjlrnil n II 1974) In II study of AlddI)dltlnd other OfgIIntCSl1 l8fCU1turaJ land tealmmt Rles (Oodhlll tl II 1976) found 110 uf1al~ or Acnllldlw CrotMIJddrtIe and Bmzoakkh)dc In lhe abme ground pMoon or polalOCSbullnd corn Cycktheunone Ind C~lohe~ooI could be foum IfI com planb rWI cia) aflc nnlliOll

-01 I) 2003

bull

opliOIll ada bull illClllCfluon or Land-fillmg (Jowe amp Abdul-~wl

)The IpplicatlOn or ISI~-atCf dlIuenll 10 5UiI5 mly poie $Orne nsk or 8aund 1IIoler toIUan1IIlIon by HIWel5 Ind bKter ho-oooTVCl Thai nM can be mlllnnized (AS 1996) by aJcquII~ dianfecuOnl or recillmed ~er Ind by IIow mrlltration mts

BEtlA nOlI OF SOIL AD PL--TS n POSpoundD TO CJI[tlCAL COloSTlTtrn IUn A11[D WA n R ATII5 (1911) l lled d1 lhere aliI raaOf whIch appear to be Imponanl 1M encooragmg high decomposItIon rlet of petroleum hydroatbon (I mItore or IIliphalrlt IrOIl1lIICbullsphallK eomJHgtUnds In soil) 1l1ac (actors Ire ternperatur~ concenlrillont ldequlte y of ~lIaI nutOCnts and l1Iilablhtv of~ien Ther~ IS I hnle ~ldetxc (Of 1118(1CIrlI IeachlS of petroleum OfprK

compounds from the upper HIli Ia)er 1111) 01 lhe OfltImc compounds I~ dlanicilly Of toIogIcllly degraded Of ycQhUled from the SOlI dUIlng the crOPPing staJOll

8ecatne rhe rnchOll of sludge botnc-Iovc orpnoc IhlIl does reoNlnnlS 1011 lias low btoi-ailabilly Ibwfption by Clops is nqjlpre In tumt= ClIIseJ ~OIaIlI~ lo(ic nrgamcl rTIl~- conllnUJlalf plann uwxlhrouth bmrption of ~olaillued compound~ hoC~CI manlJenwnt prac1ce such IS ncorporatlOn of $IuJJ(c Wllh WJllnd IPplocannn of Iludge berore plant IioJlIOOlm~ 11 ~ub5l11ll11I reduce Iny pllm tlIJI()tUIl 10 ~oJlltle ngam compounds (NAS 19) A iabie dltl ndicale thai potentially hyenmfuI to nglnlQ poIIulln do not emer edible ponOiI of pi1lii lhat Ie nptcd wIth ttalrnent mulliCpal Ie 16 tmgIllOll ofvesecatlOft IIIt$ plot wITh WUteWIIer Ihown DO aoeumulaiOll of PoIymiddotnuclear ramIIlI hydrocuton (P~b) espccollllv 8enza (1)p)-rCTNjlrnil n II 1974) In II study of AlddI)dltlnd other OfgIIntCSl1 l8fCU1turaJ land tealmmt Rles (Oodhlll tl II 1976) found 110 uf1al~ or Acnllldlw CrotMIJddrtIe and Bmzoakkh)dc In lhe abme ground pMoon or polalOCSbullnd corn Cycktheunone Ind C~lohe~ooI could be foum IfI com planb rWI cia) aflc nnlliOll

-01 I) 2003

but 110 ~ft Dlcblon It tan UP boJ t--_CltJai lui as mct~~ 1IIIoul to_ dU 1110 lII)0I

1Itmiddot ITH (0(015 80tT CHpoundtICAL CO5TITlTE I MtTI IU-O Tfa There are I1Wl ~hlcaI consblut~ thl Niti lilt 1-gt01 Iter

Yfelolll Ibl are or poIenll COIIDII_ ro- tu ~ Tte bull sulKliIIlCft IIlIIudc Of~ dten-cab IIO~ Inttdn- t

IIIlf~m Cln(ftIl(Jnlt IgllalunJ prKIICtl lUCh as lhe IIgte or rehlllel) IltO 1 poItrIIW 10 ontroduce additional tlttuO

bull C~IIIn1n 10 OIl

r IoC ~rtt from hih lhe c-lWiIUtfl15 rOII) ltlst~1Uer pr~ I ri~ Ii hurnm health depends on Ibcn tOfMnlltall(Hllfi ccilwnrd

aiel Ind lhe rile and 111I11)CI or I~ dottJual) from ampStlIet

wulcn 10 tlrnaJ 1etTP~ - InOUS lelXWfe pill1otmmiddot (bam 2OOI)S Tku 1) I nbe1 ofmbullbullOOirilCi pOl iWSlhll lwnlddtdto lhe woI tin ml(flljl( lhe trill)- or IOU orgampIIIC dItnIKIIs 0 rood ehall (I~ampt At JldKgtII II)Q~) Or-une ~I~ from aleltel 111 be deslroyed dirnlly ner lind IfIPItCallOfI b hrodegfwuon Ind dlemlQl-and-vhot(Hl~odIllIl Or~nlC compounds mav 1gt0 be middotOllhllied mIh~ 0lIl0 iOIid panides by IOrpllun PIICCSloIS Of UllISpOrted (leached) unattelllCIlhrough lhe

Ioml culunlll 10 reach tile ground 1Iter In more complegt rnchlmSI1l~ bed OflIllCS may ~Iy be dlt1lCIIlly 0 pho4u cherntn dCHfadcd microbial) dlaquoompuscd Of dewbcd

STt 0 ( hH NTot 1 NUILN IIIw1um criner I~ located 70 ~m nollhoJ K~oum Stile It OCCIIJOICS an afe of ~ ~ ~m The reriICgtY i$ 2 S km US oflhe nJIlI hnn and ~ 12 ~ lm alIY from lhe e Nllc The liner) plant OCp IIIlf kjWlC kil()lTleer -hilt lhe retnlutJl1jl8 ~m lIe rnerved I boldnp Ind ectm~ AnoIIICgt 8 km e~ fesered fOf ntlJ1ClI1I (omlWllCsect and other pncc1S rdaled dlllaquotJ) 10 the Ill II lhe feli~ Including 1 IJUc )111Of1 and houSing compllulxh

Ihc UlolXlIIlU dCSl Ci1p3C1zy of rhe refiner is ~o rhQusalllh Igta~yda Ie ~ miUion OItS 8 tlIr There In fh-e main unilS 1 lhe Klwtuum retinery lIJlJlQrled by olhe Iihly unl~ mc Ie main 11011 are

(fld~ [)illahOl1 niz and in maxmum -ill capicil b 2 ~ Ionn Inn or crudmiddot oil Icr Icar

2 lIeJmlllng nil illgt dc~n cnpacilV of 1~ Ih(1uand I per ltCM bull

D~oel Ilyt1m IfCJlin Unrl_ wilh -Ion tllllllHlid I lJltf)Cltlr dci(fII ~ilptcil bull

~ Rmiddottuc lluid CSlal)gtc 111llking Url Illa dci9l capaih or 1 ~OO lO(1lum bull yea

Ii Waler 1i1pper jIlt a degn capacily uf 101) 1111100 lon eM

11 lUI HI 1 II middotfu Clt)ll$lllulc e nr ~Ulln l _ll OJ 3 He InticJho lIkl 11 J t 1~Imq

-t1 Fft 10 E J lEft IN 11RT01 -I IUF1 Ell - 4IC Uf II Khan(lllm ntinc ~ dlkled to 0 main Oler~ -_ and B Imiddot Vv_llrCItaninned WIlhOit

I gtI (nlamnrRled wh Wa~l

flmiddot lJn~IC Wa~ w~lCf

1 rHlin alef BI~ I)on BIlIe W61Cf alld Bter Feed Wftl~r (HW amp mW) 01

1) 1

n1I I S(F IS ntF KfttloUn-middot WI 1Isectoj in IIe dlller for the fullUWl fUp~

~ I 1)1 P-PO 1- j~IKr~thm 1 01 altut~

tlIl(hc I gtc ~ fIre til(htttu

middot --

lt01 R(Fi Of in ATEH OfmiddotI I Fli lTlI RIOI S PRO) (TlO t r middot

(tud~ 1~ I I~~ il normallv conl~ trcc~ tgtf al~r Qn ~~~ bullbull I per clgbt Tile crudltrlntaitlm thc Ictino(~ arlim~hl -~Q(Ida nll~relurelheq~ntlt 01middot11lt1

jl1 d~ l tgte ((I (I~hyt) JI)j 75 1r111 day

~ I)middotull Ill I n I Ill pro c ater dded In di$OIc ~I1 111 lbe cI1k oil I~n I~ un elcctflc deHller Odici -paoed Irom 11

middotIrwk PiILW till 1(1)( 1 I nceI dI1Cfmlt 1IC1lI 01111 II ImpiiLI th ntake I (rlt5d~ Id healed at )1gt1

~ ltompaued by $1_ ddi produce a la Ihmiddot Jc ~ II rcrirgteryiIS Alinll and alershy~011 III n preocdedOI cohn~ do II produ lour JtI 1001l d ICc 10 the ur aler 1 pl~r

1- Rdmll (ml ReiImml lIn~ d 110t lllt 111 in IIe ~I~ I ~Id~ rh I~ It) a~ClIcr dfetII IllIs 111111

i~ ilmiddotcI 11~I1 Irclllm~ 11)IIlJ l)c1 IhdHllrIJJ1g l 11 II~I linnJnmiddot and a renWI 1rlh~malor~lfu

Uo~n and Oldin1 ii-olll h~ rdKI I II produ~1 WIll he llir ltcd IlQ l1er cdbullnd 111 II ~~rgc riler ~h a~lIe 11 be dJ~hfttI lC hc If mya )-tem

I) (~ Hlw nl1d ( IlaVI ( laclml 1pno r~ Ie udnlti hum 11lt 11 n I WW os directrd tn a retor III (h~ RH (urIIt 1lt Ics~d~~ at~lldlte+ ~ larlo(I)I

~ [11y HHI In hanOlllll retinershy

1- (11gt1 ~~11It ~ytem k PI ~(U~111 Hr~

) OIlier 01

Imiddot KmiddotilU - (I ~g middoth~ 1II1r

S _~~T~~~~___ ItUTrIll)lLSE_-q _ bl fII_ EIl __ bull F

r -c shy__ W 5 da nc

-

bull bullIe -rs _- PII-~ampo

4

t

tW ) pound_ [ _ _ -cn

lnI __ sectC3d cmi ~_ ere -d r- _ ben tUcR Ii row diIf__ bull the u__ pi- _dlity-awil bed liNd iller _ 1IIJ1rtJl1e J1wft w J-~mn me audilooa PI lui eJIIId nl oT and Fl111 _ Iho ortrd OUI dunow fIR MUdy 0

dHn 1_ rc Wr ol-a ~~ for 1fIOCUIII00I

Tlw dee 0u0iM_ III KhIn_ efi eeI twee decrftSIW 1egtCk Dun tomUucllon piasll( bettI _ltI all lhe boIlom mil the IIIidcs oflhc ponds 10 pllCeIII 81~ PIfI The Me- of the ponds IS 0 7amplm TlIe flow IS ~ dlsributed 10 preseno I I 2m _~ Ind 1I~r

ClltptfimcrItJ of he area euimalcdbe cvaporon 0 to be 111tnm1lby Samples had been arblrnly taken om he pooch and ctleded for the follOWlrlg I~J 11 Oil COnltnl Sulfur VOnlent ( 00 ROD~ olIle 1hencgt1 AlfVIIOnmiddotinOSC Sulfur Villile IgthaInI m rtgtlen Su$ptnded SoIdlt lho$pllorou TOfJ oOIed oIid and lTIO(IoblUlltIDtaJ tatl ieed-gJOWIh n~rmml of Broad bean hMI Mn oonduled forU lIRe ~ 10 promoIt n reuoe III $plaquok crop Remarh on the npuo-Ited 11 and the sue ofillo polICh _ 1II dUfIT lho IUSl L I 1115(-LSMO5 TRb IUT II rs As mentioned pr~sIy llJc qUllml nd qwolu of lnooomina wblClu~r 10 the treatmeol planl from Iodocnon unts vanes

----- --__ - shy

la ofSQuukT c 4ampI~r

odd) lIXotdons 10 _ fIlJCliolto ( Yel~oiI ill de ref ~albekS5 raIIb IIIowed Sla6iIity iG lieiiilliasit comml AI the oily liSteoIr Kieen oil conImI rd I wide nrwe (i Ie amp0gt1000 to lt90 -i ) _IllS wi y_ree Hlaquoe IIIIe tile ~ obIntd fic the Iirw moo middot ~ pod of _~er in Mldv

FurtheF catrneru is grJ-ity

Thltof raw ISle-ooller before lreaJment

5tpatlll()ll or oil In lhis process oil ~ tftO-ed lid sepamed rOf reuse Ind llSIe Wiler was sen for disiolod ampor flotaliofl fiBllIid second 51 (OAFI amp DAF2) Resuhs or amples tests of w15te wal liken from the 0Ul like of OAF IS presented In table 3 were as follows Hole ~Jol tnoXlt pnn ded bull bull100 1ICOIIfdoIoC 10 olie 000_ Noo-t sdaIa

No

bull J

Aw

Oll~l

12111

1837

2003 (1)1

0 _PJ

bull 011 c_tn

bull

ftG(lI V[IItI OIL IlIMOV L 1middottIlCVOmiddotCE fIIOM IrIT ruIOmiddot AT SCIIlUI uS TO DUlT1t

TIll ~ renlOlIIIICfCCIIUiIC was an ooloome oflhe phyraquocallllCthod (JIlIvll) $CjW1I1101I) and CbemomiddotItys(aI nlCthods (lI~oon of allll tflltllsificrs) 001 dischirged from OAI2 IS oot useful my 11~ for reuse bocJuse I~ emulsrllers illCreuc the tcmIICflllICofLhe product and hence Lhe ckaracICli~ics of001 dcleoorallQ11 ~ trd Ilgt01l1hlring 11Oin WI~ Lhe UIO-ChemcollllliL on KhIIl100m Rdinry Samples ere Ilen 110m he 001e1 InJ IIIC SUlb tM1IIncd ~crc as folluws ill able

TABU If) IIEU~Lngt OF SAMIlpoundS lA1([I filUM Till lIOCllotCA L U~IT

bull

Vol 4ct) lOU 20m (II4

AftCf the rGlils 0( the BicHhemicaJ- the WUleOJter effluent 111 b) then lIIproVlaquol by far The A-ooit and aerobit unol1 in the ~-che unIt had ClIICMiYsud dloe conRlUtcnts of the Rtoo1lttr iIetC bull IIMs potm wastnrr at dlldlarjed deIIn and ordorleu 10 the ICdilnClllilhon In The effluent as ~ fttfOans to the filial aIIIjI hence to the 5UIlCIVISMJII The ervi-~ II eoo__red the moR IIIlfIOIURlmonotOlUll diedlt pomt 1 lIIewatlaquo treaUnelll plaN bull bull nd the resutts oi the SoInIpk$ talen Tom n checl the hoIe prCIOO protetSts Thts IS

due to me (ad 1l1li1 the effluent IS dltCharJfld IlIht I) 10 lhe erIwonment IhrOllpthe o~datJOn ponds If lhe resuh were ItO( Yhfyna lhe b) pl~ COOWIeCtcd 10

the son send bd the dlIUCllt for runher IfUlmenI by repeatIng the piC1OUS proecua 0IICe IIgIIn These prOCd5a are repeillccl ~j to the dqpft of contanullllllon or the effiucnt Samples talen ftom the SUperviSIOn basrn had rewhs Il$ In table 5

01 J( 1)2001

As Mown frUII the leiol4 e$Ulu_ tilc oil H~I -I bttn enornoousty udoM81 from OAF2 10 SUroenSlOil ~n ftl2 shows the removJ)efllcl of oil M lbelie Wyen$

OOolAtouol

t 1G(ll 011 U IIO PIII([Nl ( f FIIO IItOCII [U( I ~ n ru Irll ~lu IH

~ VoJalJe Phenol le1IIOal fom 01) 11(1 I l P ba$in Illd 1he biod(no~a unit was as follo S

ev ~

[]1It~_PI_ Tn bull _ c_~ II tII

Flew ~middotOUTILpound ItlpoundllOl RllCWL flO 011- _ 1(R -(RH- 10 1110lt111lie IT OX 11M 110 POIoOlto

The OdMiOfl ods II Khartoum Rdinuy e the ti1d 1lO5I1 lernI11I) of llCollcd wa~cwuer elllll dl I~yenod IrIII Ihe Iloal ~11 plant II pOll(h arc aool I 100m in J-th Ind 1gt2111 wgtle I he clllucm Oltloriess and 1r~ III COIf No lace$ of (gtII (i C (gtII 1lm~) could tgteICCU

-- 1Il(IH---shy

- -- shy -The lI)al Ilel of the

Imiddot~ ~ -shyponds i$ about 6IH000n2 lad of I 2m j~

h~ fJlampllIIned Imooll Een dlnnbuuOll OfWtilCgtOoaier dlluem InlO thr pond b- uV COtI(roI IES~ IR EIIban~merols 3m Jr arlklnd he IlIr~ pond IIbull gtuk II1II~E he lIul IKE arEA rIlle fl~ 10 lie

1[62 ~ I OOr1q 6~)(J 21100H o(j710101m Iuttlphed b) IIIe dEpth (I e 11m) Ihe oIurnr ofHHIed Effluent

ood

The rlt~ e-lpOlllion mdt~ Oflh~_fI7ImmilUy Therdore the d EoapGl ECI iMlaquo from the pond wld ppmnIM ~

67J(0017I(lrI01 II~I~ 14mIU

This II$UIt ltlIlies II dltTCIenI les of lhe )eaI rnMtJiIll peal -alues II ~ hot dl wllcn The IrvIM drop~ n oold Ind hum Elther 10 16 mm~ 10774 4mda~ The-rdclhE I~~C dal)shyCapcgtfled voluTllt of nlIucnl uuJd be 1fI(I1ltnmldy equll to 11144mldl)

ocn of datly dllClIa~ed Igtte cr 10 the ponJ$ ere I froduChan JegtOleJ dshirgcd frOOllhe trul_1Il pWnl 2middot Blo middotDu n middotclOJlalmlmiddot Wile

The IUlly amoUIl 111 producllon wlter (01) d~rgcd to the pond II cIIlculed aWOmIlei) as 101101

QI-WI~middotQI

O17()O-~100mdav

Where WI The I~~ ortrtyhouQ(prtlduclI(pum~ptrda Qln ThE lIerIe duchllq~ of producu(01 lIllCgtOoll1cr ptJ (mlday)

Willie the dlil~ IntOUIIl of bIo-doll lSIe ater C02) i~ apptO~IlIUIldy

0middot 12middot02l~ 47IJ0-6110mday

2001 (11-4

--

~a~ ~eI1I~ Oflillj hours oIblm-do)lI ~--pe aa7 Q~II The Ieq~ dIscluIr~ ofblodon ISIt eo- per (lIlld)

Tlwlaquofore lhe 10111 ~Iy I~C d5(1wJe ofllte 0 dllumt 10 the o-odactOn ponds (Q) GUkI be

Q QIo-Q2 ~lOO 6110 - 11210 Iday

The re5Ut$ lhoed tlllt there IIid blaquon I ~hlht rllCrcRse of ommli ISlerr 10 thaI of nlporaled one hich mplled a eummuoos IIocrcase orISle wale 01110 llor ponds Walrr qualfl) of the OiidallOfl porwh hid been Iesled Ihroullh _mpIes ken from lhe pond n-~ were ChemICal analyzed for djff~ chemlCli COIt$thr1tf1lS thal Ut 5U~led 10 be Pfoal al lhe ponds Table 6 sJoo Itsil conducted and nullS hat Md been obaontd

TM pRoiool tamplc as luen from 1M first pond hochl ~uated he 1o-aI leeI olllle lhree ponds Resulls obt~ OIIlhs SlnPle ere all ~qlabk 01ltS only llor PH and COl) seellltdo be ~hghtly m$ed from tM standatd mOex TlU 1$ due 10 lhe pre1mCe 0( liIK A liheo-ed 51mple tNed fOf (00 obtaIned lI((eptlbk rnulls i1~1C les1l-t had been conducted on IhJ $I IndICAted the dense pestflCe ofalgat on lhe gtample The Jlaquoond SImple hid blaquon llkefi from the second pond the middle ont) ( de~ed 2m Ipproximalely boYe the first pond The

Vol 4(1) 200

As Mown frUII the leiol4 e$Ulu_ tilc oil H~I -I bttn enornoousty udoM81 from OAF2 10 SUroenSlOil ~n ftl2 shows the removJ)efllcl of oil M lbelie Wyen$

OOolAtouol

t 1G(ll 011 U IIO PIII([Nl ( f FIIO IItOCII [U( I ~ n ru Irll ~lu IH

~ VoJalJe Phenol le1IIOal fom 01) 11(1 I l P ba$in Illd 1he biod(no~a unit was as follo S

ev ~

[]1It~_PI_ Tn bull _ c_~ II tII

Flew ~middotOUTILpound ItlpoundllOl RllCWL flO 011- _ 1(R -(RH- 10 1110lt111lie IT OX 11M 110 POIoOlto

The OdMiOfl ods II Khartoum Rdinuy e the ti1d 1lO5I1 lernI11I) of llCollcd wa~cwuer elllll dl I~yenod IrIII Ihe Iloal ~11 plant II pOll(h arc aool I 100m in J-th Ind 1gt2111 wgtle I he clllucm Oltloriess and 1r~ III COIf No lace$ of (gtII (i C (gtII 1lm~) could tgteICCU

-- 1Il(IH---shy

- -- shy -The lI)al Ilel of the

Imiddot~ ~ -shyponds i$ about 6IH000n2 lad of I 2m j~

h~ fJlampllIIned Imooll Een dlnnbuuOll OfWtilCgtOoaier dlluem InlO thr pond b- uV COtI(roI IES~ IR EIIban~merols 3m Jr arlklnd he IlIr~ pond IIbull gtuk II1II~E he lIul IKE arEA rIlle fl~ 10 lie

1[62 ~ I OOr1q 6~)(J 21100H o(j710101m Iuttlphed b) IIIe dEpth (I e 11m) Ihe oIurnr ofHHIed Effluent

ood

The rlt~ e-lpOlllion mdt~ Oflh~_fI7ImmilUy Therdore the d EoapGl ECI iMlaquo from the pond wld ppmnIM ~

67J(0017I(lrI01 II~I~ 14mIU

This II$UIt ltlIlies II dltTCIenI les of lhe )eaI rnMtJiIll peal -alues II ~ hot dl wllcn The IrvIM drop~ n oold Ind hum Elther 10 16 mm~ 10774 4mda~ The-rdclhE I~~C dal)shyCapcgtfled voluTllt of nlIucnl uuJd be 1fI(I1ltnmldy equll to 11144mldl)

ocn of datly dllClIa~ed Igtte cr 10 the ponJ$ ere I froduChan JegtOleJ dshirgcd frOOllhe trul_1Il pWnl 2middot Blo middotDu n middotclOJlalmlmiddot Wile

The IUlly amoUIl 111 producllon wlter (01) d~rgcd to the pond II cIIlculed aWOmIlei) as 101101

QI-WI~middotQI

O17()O-~100mdav

Where WI The I~~ ortrtyhouQ(prtlduclI(pum~ptrda Qln ThE lIerIe duchllq~ of producu(01 lIllCgtOoll1cr ptJ (mlday)

Willie the dlil~ IntOUIIl of bIo-doll lSIe ater C02) i~ apptO~IlIUIldy

0middot 12middot02l~ 47IJ0-6110mday

2001 (11-4

--

~a~ ~eI1I~ Oflillj hours oIblm-do)lI ~--pe aa7 Q~II The Ieq~ dIscluIr~ ofblodon ISIt eo- per (lIlld)

Tlwlaquofore lhe 10111 ~Iy I~C d5(1wJe ofllte 0 dllumt 10 the o-odactOn ponds (Q) GUkI be

Q QIo-Q2 ~lOO 6110 - 11210 Iday

The re5Ut$ lhoed tlllt there IIid blaquon I ~hlht rllCrcRse of ommli ISlerr 10 thaI of nlporaled one hich mplled a eummuoos IIocrcase orISle wale 01110 llor ponds Walrr qualfl) of the OiidallOfl porwh hid been Iesled Ihroullh _mpIes ken from lhe pond n-~ were ChemICal analyzed for djff~ chemlCli COIt$thr1tf1lS thal Ut 5U~led 10 be Pfoal al lhe ponds Table 6 sJoo Itsil conducted and nullS hat Md been obaontd

TM pRoiool tamplc as luen from 1M first pond hochl ~uated he 1o-aI leeI olllle lhree ponds Resulls obt~ OIIlhs SlnPle ere all ~qlabk 01ltS only llor PH and COl) seellltdo be ~hghtly m$ed from tM standatd mOex TlU 1$ due 10 lhe pre1mCe 0( liIK A liheo-ed 51mple tNed fOf (00 obtaIned lI((eptlbk rnulls i1~1C les1l-t had been conducted on IhJ $I IndICAted the dense pestflCe ofalgat on lhe gtample The Jlaquoond SImple hid blaquon llkefi from the second pond the middle ont) ( de~ed 2m Ipproximalely boYe the first pond The

Vol 4(1) 200

- -- shy -The lI)al Ilel of the

Imiddot~ ~ -shyponds i$ about 6IH000n2 lad of I 2m j~

h~ fJlampllIIned Imooll Een dlnnbuuOll OfWtilCgtOoaier dlluem InlO thr pond b- uV COtI(roI IES~ IR EIIban~merols 3m Jr arlklnd he IlIr~ pond IIbull gtuk II1II~E he lIul IKE arEA rIlle fl~ 10 lie

1[62 ~ I OOr1q 6~)(J 21100H o(j710101m Iuttlphed b) IIIe dEpth (I e 11m) Ihe oIurnr ofHHIed Effluent

ood

The rlt~ e-lpOlllion mdt~ Oflh~_fI7ImmilUy Therdore the d EoapGl ECI iMlaquo from the pond wld ppmnIM ~

67J(0017I(lrI01 II~I~ 14mIU

This II$UIt ltlIlies II dltTCIenI les of lhe )eaI rnMtJiIll peal -alues II ~ hot dl wllcn The IrvIM drop~ n oold Ind hum Elther 10 16 mm~ 10774 4mda~ The-rdclhE I~~C dal)shyCapcgtfled voluTllt of nlIucnl uuJd be 1fI(I1ltnmldy equll to 11144mldl)

ocn of datly dllClIa~ed Igtte cr 10 the ponJ$ ere I froduChan JegtOleJ dshirgcd frOOllhe trul_1Il pWnl 2middot Blo middotDu n middotclOJlalmlmiddot Wile

The IUlly amoUIl 111 producllon wlter (01) d~rgcd to the pond II cIIlculed aWOmIlei) as 101101

QI-WI~middotQI

O17()O-~100mdav

Where WI The I~~ ortrtyhouQ(prtlduclI(pum~ptrda Qln ThE lIerIe duchllq~ of producu(01 lIllCgtOoll1cr ptJ (mlday)

Willie the dlil~ IntOUIIl of bIo-doll lSIe ater C02) i~ apptO~IlIUIldy

0middot 12middot02l~ 47IJ0-6110mday

2001 (11-4

--

~a~ ~eI1I~ Oflillj hours oIblm-do)lI ~--pe aa7 Q~II The Ieq~ dIscluIr~ ofblodon ISIt eo- per (lIlld)

Tlwlaquofore lhe 10111 ~Iy I~C d5(1wJe ofllte 0 dllumt 10 the o-odactOn ponds (Q) GUkI be

Q QIo-Q2 ~lOO 6110 - 11210 Iday

The re5Ut$ lhoed tlllt there IIid blaquon I ~hlht rllCrcRse of ommli ISlerr 10 thaI of nlporaled one hich mplled a eummuoos IIocrcase orISle wale 01110 llor ponds Walrr qualfl) of the OiidallOfl porwh hid been Iesled Ihroullh _mpIes ken from lhe pond n-~ were ChemICal analyzed for djff~ chemlCli COIt$thr1tf1lS thal Ut 5U~led 10 be Pfoal al lhe ponds Table 6 sJoo Itsil conducted and nullS hat Md been obaontd

TM pRoiool tamplc as luen from 1M first pond hochl ~uated he 1o-aI leeI olllle lhree ponds Resulls obt~ OIIlhs SlnPle ere all ~qlabk 01ltS only llor PH and COl) seellltdo be ~hghtly m$ed from tM standatd mOex TlU 1$ due 10 lhe pre1mCe 0( liIK A liheo-ed 51mple tNed fOf (00 obtaIned lI((eptlbk rnulls i1~1C les1l-t had been conducted on IhJ $I IndICAted the dense pestflCe ofalgat on lhe gtample The Jlaquoond SImple hid blaquon llkefi from the second pond the middle ont) ( de~ed 2m Ipproximalely boYe the first pond The

Vol 4(1) 200

--

~a~ ~eI1I~ Oflillj hours oIblm-do)lI ~--pe aa7 Q~II The Ieq~ dIscluIr~ ofblodon ISIt eo- per (lIlld)

Tlwlaquofore lhe 10111 ~Iy I~C d5(1wJe ofllte 0 dllumt 10 the o-odactOn ponds (Q) GUkI be

Q QIo-Q2 ~lOO 6110 - 11210 Iday

The re5Ut$ lhoed tlllt there IIid blaquon I ~hlht rllCrcRse of ommli ISlerr 10 thaI of nlporaled one hich mplled a eummuoos IIocrcase orISle wale 01110 llor ponds Walrr qualfl) of the OiidallOfl porwh hid been Iesled Ihroullh _mpIes ken from lhe pond n-~ were ChemICal analyzed for djff~ chemlCli COIt$thr1tf1lS thal Ut 5U~led 10 be Pfoal al lhe ponds Table 6 sJoo Itsil conducted and nullS hat Md been obaontd

TM pRoiool tamplc as luen from 1M first pond hochl ~uated he 1o-aI leeI olllle lhree ponds Resulls obt~ OIIlhs SlnPle ere all ~qlabk 01ltS only llor PH and COl) seellltdo be ~hghtly m$ed from tM standatd mOex TlU 1$ due 10 lhe pre1mCe 0( liIK A liheo-ed 51mple tNed fOf (00 obtaIned lI((eptlbk rnulls i1~1C les1l-t had been conducted on IhJ $I IndICAted the dense pestflCe ofalgat on lhe gtample The Jlaquoond SImple hid blaquon llkefi from the second pond the middle ont) ( de~ed 2m Ipproximalely boYe the first pond The

Vol 4(1) 200

oISC_iltT

IJailleI tttrua loot IMn JRIBIIfIM 1M InI pcd No __ W filM c _ dacal by __ $CMa

Mien- P III) GtfiCitOftIlilJMrIIpampe_~t die poiulif OM 1lIIf iJ by IIICffI COO - pH _ recewcd dun lestHf TunpenlUre and sf aljO me of COD and PH (i e the raulb vary dunny tM 0Mt ~ CR ICCqJlable aoCOfding 10 the qllMl)llIIdtll Tile third pond had he _ algae pre5r1ICC beI_ other pon6 II IS lito de-lled 2m ro-middotc the prevOIIl po~ TIM _er II hol pond

WI odoneM WId gem In color T esfUnd rewllure described I au fl IUB L~LTIiOfT1 TOSA-I TAKtVI P1tOIII Tlfl

ffl_~

bull

===~~~~ (If tilebullbullro SWllllnllllg mr Md lib pIOOIlIlI at 1_

ponch _ ~ dul lAew - _ bind Ilona h detIIC ptteICC ol~m~ tell laquoJoMncd lOr the Ittree pa_ Thee wlaquoC 51~ ddferenca on the dfLuent quality ofeach ronck H ell In cokIf (i 0 a1pe 1Y~ we) The~ UllUI oillie dlluent oflhe liver ponds losaher would be shown In tulle 9 ReSUltJ f om tho tretment plan shoed Iha there middotu no wJfuI conrem 011 Ih~ wlSle watu comins from n HOIlteVcr one doe assume lh~1 u lll conlent on the samples ulen from rho polld~ ltIC cumulg from the bIomiddotdown Wiler t-nmhdess the re1 10

eptlblir 10 quany mde jUdeIAei Od oontenl and ~oIIIJe ~ W~ KCq)t~ for d standardt nd gn be dllChupd nIO~)lfl_ 1 _ u _ --a IU we tile COD PH and ~ p I SolId __ on tile OIber hi aIpe P CImCC an lIIiIaalion ofIf)Ud qubl~ ___r ffluenl To Ie I1k rekllti 1o l8II~ lIIpnte~ and to open doon for dllutfll _ lor -utlaral pl~ or mlfaaJjPOIffidwalor rlaquoDIIlC IIAII ildngoo (liIcprevlUtll eMlIIIUemiddot~nnt of br-d - 1J1OftI-~

2003 (1)01

8nuld rUe_-CWWtN ltIKelu and Re$llIu TN first SIInlpie 101M Uj)-wller JlllPlelleferred to Hi blJII~ sample (glllflie 0) kept OtIapttry dISh R-road he115 wen dumped III $ample 8 TN IIDCOIId sanlpk f~om the first oxidation pond ecnod 10 ~Io I The tlnrd alld the f(JII ilI ample ere rOIgt the tccon4 Ad i Nc lhrd pconk rerer~od 10 I umple 2 -ad ~ ) respeailcly SnWII egual broad bcalli had been dumped an thc)( salUplef her~ al1Ampes hoId the boad beans on pilly dishe5 r~11

the Rle perioil drlimc AD IIImpleamp lrom he p-ondi Iuod been taLeIl randomly Tme df jhe~~pcrll11f01 before removi the unlpie r~

I

lM hown on fifBure bull bull lhe rlWlt or the ~pcrtmem -ere very encoumWI18 -Some SIImpes liOln lhe poncb ho~ even beller nsult) thn tap watl utclf 1lus is dearly seent Ihe IVOwtUJ root5

alld Ihe healthy dlu ofbroadbea1l5

() CONCLUSIONS oS ItlCOMtolENIlAnos The ~Iudy or petroleum wlIlIte Io-uer emuenl n~lInuemem 1ft KhBnuum refinery had mvwlued the YlmOIl~ SltWI1) Helllmeni ptanl 111 the refinery ns wcll as IcrTmmil dis~1 flOIn or edlaimod wUteWlller 81 the o~idaHOI1 ponds Based on Ihe fewllS reclaimed _Iu fCUlC for _IrKlllturnl irrigation WOIld be C()rlSidercil COlldmi0n5 drawn from tmliludy 011 be IUrnrnarUed lIS foll~ gtreinnllw) Pll)SlcaI TmmEl Uniu III tlv procoa an -IISt 0(

8 percent or oil content had been rem(wed wilh Inlllunum tos~

110 01(1) 1001 21MI3 (J)oI Itshy

poky The ~ iWkived 011 lad ben Hnl for _ 10 lhe QIIiIr OII nk ~1I(1iCII Trplmcnc UN AI lhe end of po tOIIaIlk pbeIKik alnunI in w_ewater was rtmO cd 10 as rrp as 99 76 peCCi I oil ~CnI was reIbed OIhtt c II eonsbIICIIIU sud as COO BOO S5 ~1UmiddotN had btw qUilt

accQIdinJ 10 kftOWn pel Stt94tnr Phy5ltllJmlCIIC1l The5t IIIIIIS are lhe KdMlelII Iris and the mechanial filters

OXIDATfOIii PONDS The ehe tnls re5Ulu on the oxllilhoo ponds hId_ llitpoanail on the mi I 11 WlIltr qUaIiIy 10 dilution W1C1o bIow-4own er Tlle oil ~cn1 had beat ieOlccd by S2 peCeM Mel vobtile pl1 oa by 16 ptsCOll ampom lhe resuIb -d ~ on the ~ tsn ~btIwkw tome deteriorJlJoa hid occwmf on the quMif of1_ e ~

solids COO and pH nklC hid ucd 10 lbe deMo prne_ f ~pc 00 pftofOJ)lllhem bIeb m n5dfisM 11QIl ofr of 11lOfJIIC compounch In the dtluen1 $ttd-Gp1h EWCIWQII TO enhana doe credibility oftloe previous raults brod bans JrOWlh ClIperunenINod been codlCecI and the raul obtained lad showed ulloe redlined wit It the oxodIItlon ponds had SlltflCld jOOd quatity WlIltr ofwnpcoonal eMnctenlta IIohKlo ccMd be reused (Of some 1fPlcu11 purpoMS

R[COMI [JIo DATtO~S

For ~ rauhs canter- Uw an oro Itudy the nleB tee Ind 1M folloOo1IIamp

T_ alll or -r00lll weIb at dolfab1I 6 bull ICItltml II dtnonSlream _to mord lhe p1JUiodc quaMy or the dert_ arowundvro-ulff Sin

2 Reuse of redlined tr II OltIdIlOOfI ponds fOf ~ry orriptlQ1 Camphor trccs at QSI$ide of refinery re ~

01 4(1) 21103 2003 1I)of J

1 In5lalbtion of ~eraI tow meleo (Of each unll at the Ute

rer l tII t~ pafI( (or beller monnorina oCtile quuM llilies fIIId quaY tid IInil

4 Expanding the variece of chmJiltallest to rncluOe more flOe

dtmelu and orpNc compounds

SGGfSTlONS FOR ( u RInts STl Dr 1 Studyir18 11M Iypn ofgae and btocleriro prC$elll 011 the Ol(ldlllOltl

ponds and Trying 10 genetally lIIxhfy iI $0 as 10 reltloue lhe organe compounds Ihrough dewadillon Of ingesTion

2 Analysis of more orpniC compounds such amp$ Poly-nuclear Ar()fNI tic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Aldehydes and other or~nq mig be done 10 SlOOy lhelr tffecl on differtt crops

) Study 10 inaeue The efficiency oflhe blochemMa IIntt liThe refinery i5 rceommended

4 A Rltisflel fTJCIodel 10 moniTor lnd prehct lhe conllmlnall(Jll of J90Undwatn upsrream 10 dOI5I rem Ihroolh observalion wes rtcOfds Ire hilhly rewmmended for funlMT Rudin ar lhe Khanoum Refinery

RtnRENC ES 1 nas M YOII bull (1991) Thermodynamic Study of Super altlClll

Carbon Dgtoxidc EoIrctlOn of Refiflef) Wl$ltwltn Unpublished M Sc Thesis UnlVtfSlly ofMalyl

2 Alias RM (1911) MICfObIaI DegradaTIOII of Paroeum Hydrocarbons An Environmmlll Penpcclive Microbial Rev 45 180-209

J DodGli a VT KlllfPOV LY and Zhi-ov 8F (176) Perrll~ Quamitlt$ of Orpnic SU~Inces In WI)lcwarer UsedforlrngaliOfl Vest SklauIciMotCOW6 11()IIJ

4 IPNilt kii AP So~nou loG I nd Iln rol VV (1974) Sanitary and 0nc0i0gjcaI Assessment of ogricuhural Use of SeI1~ Conrlining Circioogelllc Hydrocarbons ORJLmiddot2959 Ka7anskiirnedZh 2 80-81

Vol of( I) locn

8nuld rUe_-CWWtN ltIKelu and Re$llIu TN first SIInlpie 101M Uj)-wller JlllPlelleferred to Hi blJII~ sample (glllflie 0) kept OtIapttry dISh R-road he115 wen dumped III $ample 8 TN IIDCOIId sanlpk f~om the first oxidation pond ecnod 10 ~Io I The tlnrd alld the f(JII ilI ample ere rOIgt the tccon4 Ad i Nc lhrd pconk rerer~od 10 I umple 2 -ad ~ ) respeailcly SnWII egual broad bcalli had been dumped an thc)( salUplef her~ al1Ampes hoId the boad beans on pilly dishe5 r~11

the Rle perioil drlimc AD IIImpleamp lrom he p-ondi Iuod been taLeIl randomly Tme df jhe~~pcrll11f01 before removi the unlpie r~

I

lM hown on fifBure bull bull lhe rlWlt or the ~pcrtmem -ere very encoumWI18 -Some SIImpes liOln lhe poncb ho~ even beller nsult) thn tap watl utclf 1lus is dearly seent Ihe IVOwtUJ root5

alld Ihe healthy dlu ofbroadbea1l5

() CONCLUSIONS oS ItlCOMtolENIlAnos The ~Iudy or petroleum wlIlIte Io-uer emuenl n~lInuemem 1ft KhBnuum refinery had mvwlued the YlmOIl~ SltWI1) Helllmeni ptanl 111 the refinery ns wcll as IcrTmmil dis~1 flOIn or edlaimod wUteWlller 81 the o~idaHOI1 ponds Based on Ihe fewllS reclaimed _Iu fCUlC for _IrKlllturnl irrigation WOIld be C()rlSidercil COlldmi0n5 drawn from tmliludy 011 be IUrnrnarUed lIS foll~ gtreinnllw) Pll)SlcaI TmmEl Uniu III tlv procoa an -IISt 0(

8 percent or oil content had been rem(wed wilh Inlllunum tos~

110 01(1) 1001 21MI3 (J)oI Itshy

poky The ~ iWkived 011 lad ben Hnl for _ 10 lhe QIIiIr OII nk ~1I(1iCII Trplmcnc UN AI lhe end of po tOIIaIlk pbeIKik alnunI in w_ewater was rtmO cd 10 as rrp as 99 76 peCCi I oil ~CnI was reIbed OIhtt c II eonsbIICIIIU sud as COO BOO S5 ~1UmiddotN had btw qUilt

accQIdinJ 10 kftOWn pel Stt94tnr Phy5ltllJmlCIIC1l The5t IIIIIIS are lhe KdMlelII Iris and the mechanial filters

OXIDATfOIii PONDS The ehe tnls re5Ulu on the oxllilhoo ponds hId_ llitpoanail on the mi I 11 WlIltr qUaIiIy 10 dilution W1C1o bIow-4own er Tlle oil ~cn1 had beat ieOlccd by S2 peCeM Mel vobtile pl1 oa by 16 ptsCOll ampom lhe resuIb -d ~ on the ~ tsn ~btIwkw tome deteriorJlJoa hid occwmf on the quMif of1_ e ~

solids COO and pH nklC hid ucd 10 lbe deMo prne_ f ~pc 00 pftofOJ)lllhem bIeb m n5dfisM 11QIl ofr of 11lOfJIIC compounch In the dtluen1 $ttd-Gp1h EWCIWQII TO enhana doe credibility oftloe previous raults brod bans JrOWlh ClIperunenINod been codlCecI and the raul obtained lad showed ulloe redlined wit It the oxodIItlon ponds had SlltflCld jOOd quatity WlIltr ofwnpcoonal eMnctenlta IIohKlo ccMd be reused (Of some 1fPlcu11 purpoMS

R[COMI [JIo DATtO~S

For ~ rauhs canter- Uw an oro Itudy the nleB tee Ind 1M folloOo1IIamp

T_ alll or -r00lll weIb at dolfab1I 6 bull ICItltml II dtnonSlream _to mord lhe p1JUiodc quaMy or the dert_ arowundvro-ulff Sin

2 Reuse of redlined tr II OltIdIlOOfI ponds fOf ~ry orriptlQ1 Camphor trccs at QSI$ide of refinery re ~

01 4(1) 21103 2003 1I)of J

1 In5lalbtion of ~eraI tow meleo (Of each unll at the Ute

rer l tII t~ pafI( (or beller monnorina oCtile quuM llilies fIIId quaY tid IInil

4 Expanding the variece of chmJiltallest to rncluOe more flOe

dtmelu and orpNc compounds

SGGfSTlONS FOR ( u RInts STl Dr 1 Studyir18 11M Iypn ofgae and btocleriro prC$elll 011 the Ol(ldlllOltl

ponds and Trying 10 genetally lIIxhfy iI $0 as 10 reltloue lhe organe compounds Ihrough dewadillon Of ingesTion

2 Analysis of more orpniC compounds such amp$ Poly-nuclear Ar()fNI tic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Aldehydes and other or~nq mig be done 10 SlOOy lhelr tffecl on differtt crops

) Study 10 inaeue The efficiency oflhe blochemMa IIntt liThe refinery i5 rceommended

4 A Rltisflel fTJCIodel 10 moniTor lnd prehct lhe conllmlnall(Jll of J90Undwatn upsrream 10 dOI5I rem Ihroolh observalion wes rtcOfds Ire hilhly rewmmended for funlMT Rudin ar lhe Khanoum Refinery

RtnRENC ES 1 nas M YOII bull (1991) Thermodynamic Study of Super altlClll

Carbon Dgtoxidc EoIrctlOn of Refiflef) Wl$ltwltn Unpublished M Sc Thesis UnlVtfSlly ofMalyl

2 Alias RM (1911) MICfObIaI DegradaTIOII of Paroeum Hydrocarbons An Environmmlll Penpcclive Microbial Rev 45 180-209

J DodGli a VT KlllfPOV LY and Zhi-ov 8F (176) Perrll~ Quamitlt$ of Orpnic SU~Inces In WI)lcwarer UsedforlrngaliOfl Vest SklauIciMotCOW6 11()IIJ

4 IPNilt kii AP So~nou loG I nd Iln rol VV (1974) Sanitary and 0nc0i0gjcaI Assessment of ogricuhural Use of SeI1~ Conrlining Circioogelllc Hydrocarbons ORJLmiddot2959 Ka7anskiirnedZh 2 80-81

Vol of( I) locn

poky The ~ iWkived 011 lad ben Hnl for _ 10 lhe QIIiIr OII nk ~1I(1iCII Trplmcnc UN AI lhe end of po tOIIaIlk pbeIKik alnunI in w_ewater was rtmO cd 10 as rrp as 99 76 peCCi I oil ~CnI was reIbed OIhtt c II eonsbIICIIIU sud as COO BOO S5 ~1UmiddotN had btw qUilt

accQIdinJ 10 kftOWn pel Stt94tnr Phy5ltllJmlCIIC1l The5t IIIIIIS are lhe KdMlelII Iris and the mechanial filters

OXIDATfOIii PONDS The ehe tnls re5Ulu on the oxllilhoo ponds hId_ llitpoanail on the mi I 11 WlIltr qUaIiIy 10 dilution W1C1o bIow-4own er Tlle oil ~cn1 had beat ieOlccd by S2 peCeM Mel vobtile pl1 oa by 16 ptsCOll ampom lhe resuIb -d ~ on the ~ tsn ~btIwkw tome deteriorJlJoa hid occwmf on the quMif of1_ e ~

solids COO and pH nklC hid ucd 10 lbe deMo prne_ f ~pc 00 pftofOJ)lllhem bIeb m n5dfisM 11QIl ofr of 11lOfJIIC compounch In the dtluen1 $ttd-Gp1h EWCIWQII TO enhana doe credibility oftloe previous raults brod bans JrOWlh ClIperunenINod been codlCecI and the raul obtained lad showed ulloe redlined wit It the oxodIItlon ponds had SlltflCld jOOd quatity WlIltr ofwnpcoonal eMnctenlta IIohKlo ccMd be reused (Of some 1fPlcu11 purpoMS

R[COMI [JIo DATtO~S

For ~ rauhs canter- Uw an oro Itudy the nleB tee Ind 1M folloOo1IIamp

T_ alll or -r00lll weIb at dolfab1I 6 bull ICItltml II dtnonSlream _to mord lhe p1JUiodc quaMy or the dert_ arowundvro-ulff Sin

2 Reuse of redlined tr II OltIdIlOOfI ponds fOf ~ry orriptlQ1 Camphor trccs at QSI$ide of refinery re ~

01 4(1) 21103 2003 1I)of J

1 In5lalbtion of ~eraI tow meleo (Of each unll at the Ute

rer l tII t~ pafI( (or beller monnorina oCtile quuM llilies fIIId quaY tid IInil

4 Expanding the variece of chmJiltallest to rncluOe more flOe

dtmelu and orpNc compounds

SGGfSTlONS FOR ( u RInts STl Dr 1 Studyir18 11M Iypn ofgae and btocleriro prC$elll 011 the Ol(ldlllOltl

ponds and Trying 10 genetally lIIxhfy iI $0 as 10 reltloue lhe organe compounds Ihrough dewadillon Of ingesTion

2 Analysis of more orpniC compounds such amp$ Poly-nuclear Ar()fNI tic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Aldehydes and other or~nq mig be done 10 SlOOy lhelr tffecl on differtt crops

) Study 10 inaeue The efficiency oflhe blochemMa IIntt liThe refinery i5 rceommended

4 A Rltisflel fTJCIodel 10 moniTor lnd prehct lhe conllmlnall(Jll of J90Undwatn upsrream 10 dOI5I rem Ihroolh observalion wes rtcOfds Ire hilhly rewmmended for funlMT Rudin ar lhe Khanoum Refinery

RtnRENC ES 1 nas M YOII bull (1991) Thermodynamic Study of Super altlClll

Carbon Dgtoxidc EoIrctlOn of Refiflef) Wl$ltwltn Unpublished M Sc Thesis UnlVtfSlly ofMalyl

2 Alias RM (1911) MICfObIaI DegradaTIOII of Paroeum Hydrocarbons An Environmmlll Penpcclive Microbial Rev 45 180-209

J DodGli a VT KlllfPOV LY and Zhi-ov 8F (176) Perrll~ Quamitlt$ of Orpnic SU~Inces In WI)lcwarer UsedforlrngaliOfl Vest SklauIciMotCOW6 11()IIJ

4 IPNilt kii AP So~nou loG I nd Iln rol VV (1974) Sanitary and 0nc0i0gjcaI Assessment of ogricuhural Use of SeI1~ Conrlining Circioogelllc Hydrocarbons ORJLmiddot2959 Ka7anskiirnedZh 2 80-81

Vol of( I) locn

1 In5lalbtion of ~eraI tow meleo (Of each unll at the Ute

rer l tII t~ pafI( (or beller monnorina oCtile quuM llilies fIIId quaY tid IInil

4 Expanding the variece of chmJiltallest to rncluOe more flOe

dtmelu and orpNc compounds

SGGfSTlONS FOR ( u RInts STl Dr 1 Studyir18 11M Iypn ofgae and btocleriro prC$elll 011 the Ol(ldlllOltl

ponds and Trying 10 genetally lIIxhfy iI $0 as 10 reltloue lhe organe compounds Ihrough dewadillon Of ingesTion

2 Analysis of more orpniC compounds such amp$ Poly-nuclear Ar()fNI tic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Aldehydes and other or~nq mig be done 10 SlOOy lhelr tffecl on differtt crops

) Study 10 inaeue The efficiency oflhe blochemMa IIntt liThe refinery i5 rceommended

4 A Rltisflel fTJCIodel 10 moniTor lnd prehct lhe conllmlnall(Jll of J90Undwatn upsrream 10 dOI5I rem Ihroolh observalion wes rtcOfds Ire hilhly rewmmended for funlMT Rudin ar lhe Khanoum Refinery

RtnRENC ES 1 nas M YOII bull (1991) Thermodynamic Study of Super altlClll

Carbon Dgtoxidc EoIrctlOn of Refiflef) Wl$ltwltn Unpublished M Sc Thesis UnlVtfSlly ofMalyl

2 Alias RM (1911) MICfObIaI DegradaTIOII of Paroeum Hydrocarbons An Environmmlll Penpcclive Microbial Rev 45 180-209

J DodGli a VT KlllfPOV LY and Zhi-ov 8F (176) Perrll~ Quamitlt$ of Orpnic SU~Inces In WI)lcwarer UsedforlrngaliOfl Vest SklauIciMotCOW6 11()IIJ

4 IPNilt kii AP So~nou loG I nd Iln rol VV (1974) Sanitary and 0nc0i0gjcaI Assessment of ogricuhural Use of SeI1~ Conrlining Circioogelllc Hydrocarbons ORJLmiddot2959 Ka7anskiirnedZh 2 80-81

Vol of( I) locn

j 1At L IUICI JackJo R (12) Vroundwuer C~ and Analysis at l laardoos Waste StIes Mare Decker inc New York

6 NAS II) 1OMi Aca6emy of Soence WIler toene and ItdlllOIogy boWd _ IIIe or redaJmed water and 5ludSi m food crop produalOft National Aademy hen 1996

7 ~ D A H LM AbeI1 Mjid 5) IImttbook of Wae te- RI rion lid IleuK eRe pteb Levou Pubticholtl mxa Rclan

~ tp ~ bullw (1101) ~ IWJwyen t- 8

bull~ 1ol-Jj

lJ~pAoJ v-~-yen ~~ Jo1 ~~~ 9

evjJJ ~J ~~PJ j wJ~ (2000)

01 -4( I) 200l