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8/2/2019 A NEW ERA FOR TRANSATLANTIC TRADE LEADERSHIP (Eng) / Una nueva era para el liderazgo del comercio trasatl
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H BEQ ETH GIT VTHB^HVLHBVJN
VTHFE LEHFET^@J[H Te{itv gtim v`e Vthb~hvlhbvjn Vh~c Gitne ib Vthfe hbf Jbwe~vmebv
GEDTUHTZ 4;84
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8
H Beq Eth git Vthb~hvlhbvjnVthfe Lehfet~`j{
H Te{itv gtim v`e Vthb~hvlhbvjnVh~c Gitne ib Vthfe hbf Jbwe~vmebv
Gedtuhtz 4;84
8/2/2019 A NEW ERA FOR TRANSATLANTIC TRADE LEADERSHIP (Eng) / Una nueva era para el liderazgo del comercio trasatl
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Qe ~vhbf dz v`e Fi`h Feweli{mebv Haebfh (FFH* mhbfhve" @iqewet, jv j~ nleht v`hv qe qjll biv
nim{leve v`e FFH jg qe nibvjbue vi nibfunv beaivjhvjib~ h~ qe `hwe jb v`e {h~v" Qe teniabje v`e
{tiate~~ hn`jewef ~i ght" Vi nibvtjduve vi nibfebne, qe beef vi {ut~ue jb 4;84 gte~`, ntefjdle h{-
{tihn`e~ vi gutv`etjba beaivjhvjib~
A4; Nhbbe~ ummjv Gjbhl Fenlhthvjib Dujlfjba Iut Nimmib Guvute? Tebeqef Nillenvjwe Hnvjib
git v`e Debev ig Hll, 6 Biwemdet, 4;88
Qe mu~v jbveb~jgz iut eggitv~ vi tehlje v`e ubvh{{ef {ivebvjhl ig vthb~hvlhbvjn enibimjn nii{eth-
vjib vi aebethve beq i{{itvubjvje~ git oid~ hbf atiqv`Vi v`hv ebf, qe `hwe fjtenvef v`e VEN vi
e~vhdlj~` h oijbv @ja` Lewel Qitcjba Atiu{ ib Oid~ hbf Atiqv` Qe h~c v`e Qitcjba Atiu{ vi
jfebvjgz hbf h~~e~~ i{vjib~ git ~vtebav`ebjba v`e U"^"-EU enibimjn telhvjib~`j{, e~{enjhllz v`i~e
v`hv hwe v`e ja`e~v {ivebvjhl vi ~u{{itv oid~ hbf atiqv`"
Oijbv vhvemebv ig v`e EU-U"^" ummjv, Biwemdet 40, 4;88
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MEMDET^ IG V@E VTHB^HVLHBVJN
VH^C GITNE IB VTHFE HBF
JBWE^VMEBV/
VH^C GITNE N@HJT^
Eqh Dotljba (ni-n`hjt*, Mjbj~vet git Vthfe,^qefeb
Ojm Cilde (ni-n`hjt*, Gitmet Memdet ig U"^"
Nibate~~3 ^ebjit Vthb~hvlhbvjn Gelliq qjv`
v`e Aetmhb Mht~`hll Gubf ig v`e Ubjvef vhve~
VH^C GITNE MEMDET^
Fhbjel Ftezbet, [tige~~it ig Jbvetbhvjibhl
[iljvjn~ hv v`e Glevn`et ^n`iil ig Lhq hbf Fj-
{limhnz hv Vugv~ Ubjwet~jvz3 ^ebjit Efjvit hv
V`e Bhvjibhl Jbvete~v3 Nibvtjduvjba Efjvit hv
Gitejab [iljnz
V`imh~ @httj~, Wjne N`hjtmhb ig ^vhbfhtf
N`htvetef Dhbc3 Bib-epenuvjwe Fjtenvit, Oi`b-
~ib Mhvv`ez [ln
N`htle~ [" @eevet Ot", N`hjtmhb ig v`e Du~j-
be~~ hbf Jbfu~vtz Hfwj~itz Nimmjvvee (DJHN*
vi v`e IENF
Oebbjget @jllmhb, Memdet ig v`e QVI H{-
{ellhve Difz3 ^ebjit Vthb~hvlhbvjn Gelliq hv
v`e AMG
N`htle~ ^" Lew, [htvbet, Nh~~jfz Lewz Cebv
Etjch Mhbb, Fjtenvit ig EU [iljnz, Ghnediic3
Dihtf Memdet ig JNHBB3 Gitmet Lehfjba
Memdet ig v`e Euti{ehb [htljhmebv~ Nim-
mjvvee ib Jbvetbhvjibhl Vthfe
[hvtjnc Me~~etljb, [tige~~it ig Enibimjn~ hv
^njebne~ [i hbf Fjtenvit ig Atiu{e fEnibimje
Mibfjhle
@uai [hemeb, Gitmet EU Hmdh~~hfit vi v`e
U"^"3 ^ebjit Hfwj~it, @iahb Liwell~ LL[
Hbh [hlhnji, gitmet Mjbj~vet ig Gitejab Hg-
ghjt~ ig ^{hjb3 gitmet ^ebjit Wjne [te~jfebv ig
v`e Qitlf Dhbc
Ohme~ @" Xujale, N`jeg Epenuvjwe Iggjnet,
Felijvve Viun`e Vi`mhv~u
^u~hb N" ^n`qhd, [tige~~it ig [udljn [iljnz hv
v`e Ubjwet~jvz ig Mhtzlhbf3 ^vthveajn Hfwj~et,
Mhzet Dtiqb LL[3 gitmet Ubjvef vhve~ Vthfe
Te{te~ebvhvjwe (U^VT*
VH^C GITNE TH[[ITVEUT^
Gteftjc Etjpib, Fjtenvit hbf Ni-giubfet,
ENJ[E
Au fe Oibxujte~, ^ebjit Gelliq, ENJ[E3
gitmet Qitlf Vthfe Efjvit git v`e Gjbhbnjhl
Vjme~
Dtune ^vice~, ^ebjit Vthb~hvlhbvjn Gelliq,
AMG
Dtune Qjl~ib, ^ebjit Niub~el, Cjba ' ^{hlf-jba3 Gitmet Fjtenvit git Leahl Hgghjt~, Qitlf
Vthfe Itahbjhvjib
^ENTEVHTJHV
Lj~h Dthbfv, Vthfe [iljnz Hbhlz~v, ENJ[E
Bjnilh Lja`vbet, Fe{uvz Fjtenvit ig v`e Eni-
bimjn [iljnz [tiathm, AMG
Chv`tb Tjvvet~{hn`, Te~ehtn` H~~j~vhbv,
Enibimz [iljnz [tiathm, AMG
^etfht Hlvh, gitmet [tiathm Iggjnet git
vthfe, AMG
/V`j~ te{itv te{te~ebv~ v`e wjeq~ ig memdet ig v`e Vh~c Gitneduv biv bene~~htjlz v`ejt hgljhvef itahbjhvjib~"
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V@E VTHB^HVLHBVJN VH^C GITNE IB VTHFE HBF JBWE^VMEBV
Jb Mhz 4;88, v`e Euti{ehb Nebvte git Jbvetbhvjibhl [iljvjnhl Enibimz (ENJ[E* hbf v`e Aetmhb
Mht~`hll Gubf ig v`e Ubjvef ^vhve~ (AMG* lhubn`ef v`e Vthb~hvlhbvjn Vh~c Gitne ib Vthfe hbfJbwe~vmebv, h mhoit vthfe-{iljnz jbjvjhvjwe vi ~{ut atehvet lehfet~`j{ ib guvute vthfe {iljnz dz Eu-
ti{e hbf v`e Ubjvef vhve~" jbne v`e lhubn`, h `ja`-lewel atiu{ ig teniabjef jbvetbhvjibhl vthfe
~n`ilht~ hbf {thnvjvjibet~ gtim hnhfemjh, du~jbe~~, njwjl ~injevz hbf {udljn {iljnz `hwe nibwebef
qjv` v`e {ut{i~e ig teleh~jba h te{itv qjv` tenimmebfhvjib~ git vthb~hvlhbvjn {iljnzmhcet~" Giut
v`jbc {jene~ qtjvveb git v`e Vh~c Gitne `hwe deeb {udlj~`ef jb v`j~ {tioenv"
Ni-n`hjtef dz Eqh Dotljba, v`e ^qefj~` Mjbj~vet git vthfe, hbf Ojm Cilde, h gitmet memdet ig v`e
U"^" Nibate~~ hbf h ^ebjit Vthb~hvlhbvjn Gelliq qjv` v`e AMG, v`e Vh~c Gitne qh~ ~ev u{ hv h fjg-
nulv vjme git vthfe {iljnz" Iwethll, vthfe {iljnz jb v`e EU hbf v`e U"^" j~ a`vjba hahjb~v fjmjbj~`-
jba ep{envhvjib~ hbf aebethl ghvjaue qjv` v`e alidhl vthfe vhlc~" V`e 4;;0 bhbnjhl ntj~j~, hbf v`e
eb~ujba euti ntj~j~, h~ qell h~ {tjit alidhl enibimjn vtebf~, `hwe hl~i ~`iqb `iq vthfe ljbc~ u{qjv` mhbz iv`et nebvthl enibimjn j~~ue~ hbf `iq ntufe metnhbvjlj~v bivjib~, zev hahjb ib v`e
tj~e, hte dhflz ~ujvef vi aujfe hb eggenvjwe vthfe {iljnz jbvebv ib dii~vjba enibimjn atiqv` hbf oid
ntehvjib" Jb hffjvjib, v`e tj~e ig H~jh h~ etifef v`e vthfe lehfet~`j{ tile {lhzef dz v`e vthb~hvlhbvjn
{htvbet~ jb v`e {h~v fenhfe~, qjv`iuv hbzibe el~e vhcjba u{ v`e ghlleb mhbvle" Hahjb~v v`hv dhncfti{,
v`e Vh~c Gitne~ aihl qh~ vi febe q`hv tile v`ete j~ hbf ~`iulf de git vthb~hvlhbvjn lehfet~`j{ git
vthfe {iljnz jb v`e beht-vi-mefjum vetm guvute"
Dh~e gubfjba git v`j~ Vh~c Gitne qh~ aebetiu~lz athbvef dz v`e ^qefj~` Mjbj~vtz ig Gitejab Hg-
ghjt~" Hffjvjibhl gubfjba `h~ deeb {tiwjfef dz ENJ[E, v`e Aetmhb Mht~`hll Gubf ig v`e Ubjvef
^vhve~, v`e NB1; Giubfhvjib, v`e Nibgefethvjib ig qefj~` Ebvet{tj~e, hbf v`e U"^" N`hmdet ig
Nimmetne"
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EPENUVJWE ^UMMHTZ
Jv j~ biq vjme git v`e EU hbf v`e U"^" vi miwe
gitqhtf qjv` h beq vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe hbf jb-
we~vmebv haebfh vi {timive enibimjn atiqv`,
oid~, jbbiwhvjib, qelghte hbf enibimjn feweli{-
mebv" Gjbhbnjhl hbf enibimjn ntj~e~ jb tenebvzeht~ `hwe ~vtebav`ebef v`e nh~e git dilf jbjvjh-
vjwe~ v`hv nhb aebethve ~jabjnhbv enibimjn ahjb~"
Jb v`j~ te{itv, v`e Vthb~hvlhbvjn Vh~c Gitne ib
Vthfe hbf Jbwe~vmebv {te~ebv~ hmdjvjiu~ zev
tehlj~vjn tenimmebfhvjib~ git vthb~hvlhbvjn
lehfet~`j{ jb vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv {iljnz jb
v`e beht-vi-mefjum-vetm guvute" V`j~ jbjvjh-
vjwe `h~ deeb ebaebfetef dz v`e beef git beq
hbf gte~` h{{tihn`e~ ib iq vi ljdethlje vthfe
hbf jm{tiwe vthfe tule~ jb v`e nuttebv enibim-
jn hbf {iljvjnhl ebwjtibmebv"
V`e Ubjvef ^vhve~ hbf v`e Euti{ehb Ubjib hte
ajhbv~ ig v`e qitlf enibimz q`i~e tebeqef
alidhl lehfet~`j{ j~ beefef biq mite v`hb ewet"
Vthb~hvlhbvjn {iljnzmhcet~ v`etegite beef vi
lehf v`e qhz qjv` hmdjvjiu~ jbjvjhvjwe~ hv div`
v`e djlhvethl hbf mulvjlhvethl lewel" Fee{et vthb~-
hvlhbvjn enibimjn jbveathvjib j~ e~~ebvjhl git te-
niwetz gtim v`e nuttebv enibimjn ntj~j~" Vthb~-
hvlhbvjn lehfet~`j{ nhb hl~i {tiwjfe mimebvum
git gutv`et alidhl vthfe ljdethljhvjib, ebhdljbadiv` Euti{e hbf v`e Ubjvef ^vhve~ vi devvet vh{
jbvi v`e enibimjn fzbhmj~m ig emetajba mht-
cev~, q`jle ~u{{itvjba hbf ~vtebav`ebjba v`e
mulvjlhvethl vthfjba ~z~vem emdifjef jb v`e
Qitlf Vthfe Itahbjhvjib (QVI*"
Beq vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe jbjvjhvjwe~ ~`iulf dujlf
ib v`e {tjbnj{le~ ig i{ebbe~~ hbf mhtcev-eni-
bimjn~, hbf h dhlhbne ig debev~" V`ez ~`iulf
de tiivef jb h mifetb bhtthvjwe hdiuv vthfe,
q`jn` aie~ dezibf v`e vthfjvjibhl {etne{vjib
ig vthfe h~ h eti-~um ahme jbwilwjba iblz jm-
{itv~ hbf ep{itv~ ig aiif~" Vifhz~ vthfe {iljnz
haebfh mu~v teenv v`e jbnteh~jbalz nim{lep
n`hthnvet ig vthfe v`hv te~ulv~ gtim v`e gitne~ ig
alidhljhvjib" Alidhl vthfe {iljnz hl~i beef~ vi
hfh{v vi v`e atehvet jm{itvhbne ig jbwe~vmebv
hbf vthfe jb ~etwjne~, v`e tj~e ig mulvjlhvethl
tm~, v`e alidhljhvjib ig ~u{{lz n`hjb~, hbf
v`e ep{hb~jib ig v`e fjajvhl enibimz"
Bibe ig v`j~ nhb de hn`jewef qjv`iuv ja`-lew-
el nimmjvmebv gtim {iljvjnhl lehfet~ ib div`
~jfe~ ig v`e Hvlhbvjn, ~imev`jba v`hv h~ ~ime-
vjme~ deeb lhncjba jb v`e tenebv {h~v" Miteiwet,
jv qjll texujte hnvjwe jbwilwemebv ig {tjwhve ~en-
vit ~vhce`ilfet~, jbnlufjba du~jbe~~, lhdit, nib-
~umet hbf ebwjtibmebvhl atiu{~" Hbf jv qjll
texujte h beq-giubf ~eb~e ig utaebnz"
VTHB^HVLHBVJN DJLHVETHL JBJVJHVJWE^
V`e liba-vetm idoenvjwe ig h beq djlhvethl
vthfe ~vthveaz ~`iulf de vi e~vhdlj~` h dhttjet-
gtee vthb~hvlhbvjn mhtcev{lhne git vthfe hbf
jbwe~vmebv" H t~v ~ve{ viqhtf~ v`hv aihl j~ vi
nibnlufe h nim{te`eb~jwe vthfe hateemebv
gteejba u{ ~ud~vhbvjhllz hll vthfe" Q`jle ~{enjn
djlhvethl jbjvjhvjwe~ ~`iulf de {tjmhtjlz {teget-ebvjhl jb bhvute, dh~ef ib {tegetebvjhl mhtcev
hnne~~, v`ez ~`iulf de i{eb iwet vjme vi {htvjnj-
{hvjib dz hbz niubvtz qjlljba vi mhce tenj{ti-
nhl nimmjvmebv~"
Vhtjgg~ hbf BVD~" V`e U"^" hbf v`e EU
~`iulf hfi{v h nim{te`eb~jwe hbf ubjef
h{{tihn` vi vhtjgg~ hbf bib-vhtjgg dhttjet~
(BVD~*" Vhtjgg~ ~`iulf de eljmjbhvef ib
~ud~vhbvjhllz hll djlhvethl vthfe" BVD beaivj-
hvjib~ ~`iulf jbjvjhllz de fenebvthljef hbf~envit ftjweb, dh~ef ib jb{uv dz du~jbe~~
h~~injhvjib~ hbf iv`et ~vhce`ilfet~" Hwijf-
jba guvute teaulhvitz fjwetaebne~ ~`iulf de
h {tjitjvz" V`e atehvet hmdjvjib j~ vi hn`jewe
mhpjmum teaulhvitz nii{ethvjib lehfjba
jb vutb vi teaulhvitz ni`etebne"
^etwjne~" V`e EU hbf v`e U"^" ~`iulf ~ud-
~vhbvjhllz ljdethlje djlhvethl vthfe jb ~etw-
jne~" Djlhvethl ljdethljhvjib metaef qjv`
beq {lutjlhvethl eggitv~ vi gtee u{ vthfe jb
~etwjne~ mite qjfelz ~`iulf niwet v`eatehvet {htv ig hll ~etwjne ~envit~ qjv` ljm-
jvef epnlu~jib~, q`jle hl~i hlliqjba git ~en-
vithl h{{tihn`e~" Hbz ~etwjne~ hateemebv
~`iulf hl~i idljae v`e {htvje~ vi tewjeq hbf
u{fhve v`ejt epnlu~jib lj~v~ {etjifjnhllz ib
h teaulht dh~j~"
[tegetebvjhl vthfe hateemebv~" Vthb~hvlhb-
vjn nii{ethvjib hbf nib~ulvhvjib ~`iulf de
jbveb~jef qjv` te~{env vi epj~vjba hbf gu-
vute Hmetjnhb hbf Euti{ehb {tegetebvjhl
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vthfe hateemebv~ ([VH~* qjv` v`jtf niub-
vtje~" V`e U"^" hbf v`e EU ~`iulf vhce v`e
jbjvjhvjwe vi ~ev u{ h men`hbj~m git v`ejt
iqb [VH~ qjv` v`e ulvjmhve idoenvjwe vi
jbveathve, ep{hbf hbf mifetbje v`e~e
[VH~" V`e QVI ~entevhtjhv nhb {lhz hb
jm{itvhbv tile jb v`j~ qitc, q`jn` qiulf
jbwilwe hbhlzjba v`e ~ud~vhbne ig fjgget-
ebv [VH~ jb itfet vi jfebvjgz ~jmjlhtjvje~
hbf nim{hvjdle {tiwj~jib~ jb [VH~"
Jbwe~vmebv"H~ ~iib h~ {thnvjnhdle, v`e EU
hbf v`e U"^" ~`iulf beaivjhve h Vthb~hvlhb-
vjn Jbwe~vmebv Hateemebv" V`hv {tine~~
~`iulf ~vhtv ~iib duv deajb qjv` h tenia-
bjvjib v`hv hb ehtlz hateemebv fijba hqhz
qjv` jbwe~vmebv te~vtjnvjib~ hbf nibvhjbjba
~vtibaet fj~nj{ljbe~ hahjb~v jbwe~vmebv {ti-venvjibj~m j~ ubljcelz" Ubvjl ~un` hb hatee-
mebv nhb de beaivjhvef, v`e EU hbf v`e U"^"
~`iulf nibnlufe hbf hbbiubne hb hateef
~vhvemebv ig jbwe~vmebv {tjbnj{le~, q`jn`
v`ez niulf ebniuthae v`jtf niubvtje~ vi
hfi{v" V`ez ~`iulf hl~i mhce atehvet u~e ig
gitum~ q`ete aujfeljbe~ hbf de~v {thnvjne~
nhb de ~`htef devqeeb aiwetbmebv~"
[udljn {tinutemebv" V`e U"^" hbf v`e EU
~`iulf beaivjhve h djlhvethl aiwetbmebv
{tinutemebv hateemebv" V`e hateemebv,
qjv` ljmjvef epne{vjib~, ~`iulf jm{tiwe
vthb~{htebnz hbf mhtcev hnne~~ dz hf-
fte~~jba teaulhvjib~ git {tinutemebv {ti-
nefute~ hbf nibvthnv~" Div` {htvje~ ~`iulf
hl~i ep{lite v`e jfeh ig ghnjljvhvjba hatee-
mebv jbwilwjba v`e {htvjnj{hvjib ig jbfj-
wjfuhl U"^" ~vhve~ hbf EU niubvtje~ hbf
teajib~, jg v`ete hte outj~fjnvjibhl teh~ib~
v`hv {tewebv jbnlufjba v`em jb h djlhvethl
hateemebv hv gefethl hbf EU lewel"
VTHB^HVLHBVJN JBJVJHVJWE^ VI
TEWJVHLJ_E V@E ALIDHL VTHFE HAEBFH
Beq jbjvjhvjwe~? jbntemebvhl vthfeljdethljhvjib
[lutjlhvethl hbf ~envithl jbjvjhvjwe~"H {i~v-
Fi`h haebfh git beq vthfe ljdethljhvjib
~`iulf de nhttjef iuv v`tiua` fenebvthl-
jef beaivjhvjib~" V`j~ jm{lje~ h ~vtibaet
ginu~ ib {tegetebvjhl hateemebv~ ebvetef
jbvi dz nihljvjib~ ig v`e qjlljba, nibb-
jba v`e debev~ vi ~jabhvitje~ duv i{eb git
hll niubvtje~ vi oijb jg v`ez mhce tenj{tinhl
nimmjvmebv~" [lutjlhvethl hateemebv~ jb
~vthveajn ~envit~ ~`iulf hl~i de ebwj~jibef"
V`e EU hbf v`e U"^" ~`iulf hl~i deajb ep-
{litjba iv`et ~envithl hbf {lutjlhvethl
hateemebv~ jbwilwjba v`e aiif~ ~envit"
Ljdethljzhvjib ig vthfe jb ~etwjne~ ~`iulf
{tiate~~ v`tiua` h {lutjlhvethl gthmeqitc
hateemebv ib ~etwjne~ beaivjhvef qjv`
ljmjvef epne{vjib~ dz h nihljvjib ig v`e
qjlljba" Fthqjba ib {tewjiu~ beaivjhvjib~
jb v`e QVI, v`e IENF hbf el~eq`ete, v`e
QVI ~`iulf hl~i beaivjhve aebethl de~v{thnvjne aujfeljbe~ git ~etwjne~ teaulhvit~
~u{{lemebvef dz mite ~{enjn de~v {thn-
vjne aujfeljbe~ git jbfjwjfuhl ~etwjne~ ~en-
vit~ q`ete h{{ti{tjhve"
Hatjnulvute" Beaivjhvjib~ ib hatjnulvute
~`iulf nibvjbue hv v`e QVI lewel, biq
hl~i vhcjba jbvi hnniubv v`e tj~e ig hatjnul-
vuthl ~ud~jfje~ jb ~ime emetajba mhtcev~"
Vi dtehc v`e nuttebv fehflinc, v`e Ubjvef
^vhve~ hbf v`e Euti{ehb Ubjib ~`iulf
hatee vi eljmjbhve hll ep{itv ~ud~jfje~ hbf
tegthjb gtim u~jba giif hjf vi {timive ep-
{itv~"
Aiwetbmebv {tinutemebv" V`e tenebv
hateemebv vi u{fhve hbf ep{hbf v`e niwet-
hae ig v`e QVI Aiwetbmebv [tinutemebv
Hateemebv j~ h qelnime feweli{mebv duv
mite j~ beefef" Jb {htvjnulht, v`e hatee-
mebv ~`iulf ep{hbf vi jbnlufe ~ime ig
v`e cez emetajba mhtcev~, e"a" N`jbh, duv
ubqjlljbabe~~ dz iv`et niubvtje~ vi oijb~`iulf biv {tewebv A[H memdet~ gtim
gutv`et ep{hbfjba v`ejt nimmjvmebv~ hbf
nii{ethvjib ubfet v`e hateemebv"
Vthfe ghnjljvhvjib" Vthfe ghnjljvhvjib j~ jb
v`e jbvete~v ig hll niubvtje~" Jv j~ v`etegite
jtibjn v`hv ~ime niubvtje~ `hwe dlincef
{tiate~~ ib v`j~ ~udoenv jb v`e Fi`h
Tiubf" Jg hb hateemebv ib vthfe ghnjljvh-
vjib nhbbiv de tehn`ef jb v`e Fi`h Tiubf,
jv ~`iulf de hb jmmefjhve {tjitjvz git be-
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aivjhvjib iuv~jfe v`e Tiubf hmiba qjlljba
{htvbet~"
Gi~vetjba feweli{mebv git leh~v feweli{ef
niubvtje~" V`e EU hbf v`e U"^" ~`iulf jb-
nteh~e v`ejt eggitv~ vi h~~ute vhtjgg gtee hbf
xuivh gtee mhtcev hnne~~ git LFN~" Emeta-jba enibimje~ ~`iulf hl~i igget LFN~ jm-
{tiwef mhtcev hnne~~"
^VTEBAV@EBJBA V@E QVI ^Z^VEM
^ud~jfje~ hbf ~vhve-iqbef ebvet{tj~e~" V`e
EU hbf v`e U"^" ~`iulf nii{ethve mite
nli~elz vi {timive ebgitnemebv ig epj~v-
jba fj~nj{ljbe~ ib ~ud~jfje~, git jb~vhbne dz
ljba mite oijbv fj~{uve-~evvlemebv nh~e~
hv v`e QVI" Mite te~ehtn` hbf cbiqlefae
jb v`e elf ig ~ud~jfje~ hbf ~vhve-iqbef
ebvet{tj~e~ j~ beefef hbf jbvetbhvjibhl
itahbjhvjib~ ~`iulf de vh~cef vi fi mite
qitc jb v`j~ hteh"
V`e Vthfe [iljn Tewjeq Men`hbj~ m
(V[TM* ~`iulf de gutv`et ~vtebav`ebefhbf tebef ~i h~ vi jm{tiwe vthb~{htebnz
hbf h~~ute nim{ljhbne qjv` QVI nimmjv-
mebv~"
Lehtbjba gtim {tegetebvjhl vthfe hateemebv~"
V`e QVI ~entevhtjhv nhb {lhz hb jm{it-
vhbv tile jb jm{tiwjba [VH~ dz ~evvjba u{
ig h men`hbj~m git [VH~ hjmef hv lehtbjba
gtim aiif {thnvjne~ hbf jfebvjgzjba qhz~ ig
jbveathvjba v`em, dh~ef ib nhtegul tewjeq
ig epj~vjba [VH~ hbf hbhlz~j~ ig ~ud~vhbvjhl
~jmjlhtjvje~"
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V`e xue~v gitatiqv` hbf oid~ nuttebvlz fim-
jbhve~ v`e {iljvjnhl haebfh ib div` ~jfe~ ig v`e
Hvlhbvjn" Hv h vjme ig ~nhl hbf mibevhtz {iljnz
nib~vthjbv~, vthfe ljdethljhvjib nhb el{ oum{
~vhtv v`e vthb~hvlhbvjn enibimz hbf ntehve beq
enibimjn i{{itvubjvje~ jb div` Euti{e hbf
v`e Ubjvef ^vhve~" V`tiua` ~un` eggitv~, Qh~`-
jbavib hbf Dtu~~el~ nhb ajwe gte~` dliif vi jb-
nteh~jbalz hbemjn hmdjvjib~ git alidhl vthfe
ljdethljhvjib"
V`ete niulf `htflz de h mite h{{ti{tjhve vjme
v`hb biq vi ebahae jb h fj~nu~~jib hdiuv v`e
~vthveajn vthfe-{iljnz n`ijne~ ghnjba Hmetjnhb
hbf Euti{ehb vthfe {iljnzmhcet~" V`e enibim-
jn n`hllebae~ nibgtibvjba v`e vqi nibvjbebv~ htefhubvjba" Enibimjn gitenh~v~ hte fj~niuthajba"
Div` Euti{e hbf v`e Ubjvef ^vhve~ hte ljcelz vi
ep{etjebne ~liq atiqv` jb v`e bepv we zeht~,
{et`h{~ eweb libaet" Ubem{lizmebv j~ ljcelz vi
temhjb ja`" [udljn bhbne~ qjll hwe vi de ~vh-
djljef hbf fedv lewel~ beef vi nime fiqb gtim
v`ejt nuttebv `eja`v~" Miteiwet, mhbz Euti-
{ehb niubvtje~ qjll ~iib ep{etjebne ~jabjnhbv
femiath{`jn n`hbae~ v`hv qjll {uv {te~~ute ib
v`ejt {eb~jib ~z~vem~ hbf ~nhl {iljnje~, e~{e-
njhllz h~ v`e femhbf git `ehlv`nhte ~etwjne~ jb-nteh~e~ qjv` hb haejba {i{ulhvjib"
Ewebv~ jb 4;88 `hwe hahjb vhua`v u~ v`hv h lhnc
ig eggenvjwe {iljvjnhl lehfet~`j{ jb v`e Euti{ehb
Ubjib hbf v`e U"^" v`tehveb~ enibimjn teniw-
etz hbf atiqv`" Jg v`e ntj~j~ jb v`e Eutiibe
qit~eb~, hbf jg v`e Ubjvef ^vhve~ te{lhz~ v`e
4;88 fedv ljmjv hbf {hztill vhp fedhnle~, eni-
bimjn {ti~{env~ qjll iblz qit~eb" H dtehcu{
ig v`e Eutiibe qiulf v`tiq Euti{e jbvi eni-
bimjn vutmijl, qjv` te{etnu~~jib~ git v`e eb-vjte qitlf enibimz"
V`e ebitmiu~ enibimjn n`hllebae~ ghnjba v`e
EU hbf v`e U"^" lehf ~ime vi hfwinhve h {hu~e
jb, it h tevtehv gtim, v`e liba mhtn` viqhtf gte-
et vthfe" Qe hte ig v`e i{{i~jve wjeq" Beq vthfe
hbf jbwe~vmebv jbjvjhvjwe~ devqeeb Euti{e hbf
v`e Ubjvef ^vhve~ ~`iulf denime h ~vthveajn
{htv ig hbz eggitv vi ntehve atiqv` hbf oid~" Jb
vjme~ ig ~nhl hu~vetjvz hbf ljmjvef mibevhtz
{iljnz i{vjib~, mite i{eb vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv
{iljnje~ fe~jabef vi mhpjmje enibimjn ahjb~
hte hmiba v`e mi~v jm{itvhbv jb~vtumebv~ v`hv
aiwetbmebv~ nhb uvjlje vi ~vjmulhve atiqv`"
V`e Vthb~hvlhbvjn Vh~c Gitne ib Vthfe hbf Jb-
we~vmebv qh~ dtiua`v viaev`et dz h fe~jte vi
`el{ ~`h{e h vthb~hvlhbvjn {iljnz haebfh div`
git djlhvethl vthfe {iljnz hbf git oijbv lehfet-
~`j{ jb v`e alidhl vthfjba ~z~vem" Beq vthfe
hbf jbwe~vmebv {iljnz ~vthveaje~ hte beefef jb
itfet vi te~{ibf vi v`e lhtae ~vtunvuthl n`hbae~
ubfetqhz jb v`e qitlf enibimz" Ubgitvubhve-
lz, v`e Fi`h Tiubf ig vthfe beaivjhvjib~ hv v`e
Qitlf Vthfe Itahbjhvjib (QVI* `h~ nim-
{levelz ~vhllef, ghjljba vi {tifune v`e fe~jtefte~ulv~ hgvet veb zeht~ ig fj~nu~~jib~" jbne v`e
Fi`h Tiubf qh~ biv nibnlufef hv v`e QVI
Mjbj~vetjhl meevjba jb Fenemdet 4;88, v`ete
j~ bi devvet vjme v`hb biq vi nib~jfet tehlj~vjn
i{vjib~ git miwjba gitqhtf qjv` h beq djlhv-
ethl hbf mulvjlhvethl vthfe haebfh"
Beq ~vthveaje~ ~`iulf dujlf ib v`e {tjbnj{le~
ig i{ebbe~~ vi vthfe hbf h nimmjvmebv vi
mhtcev enibimjn~ v`hv qete eb~`tjbef jb v`e
jbvetbhvjibhl enibimjn itahbjhvjib~ nthgvefoijbvlz dz Euti{e hbf v`e U"^" hgvet v`e ^enibf
Qitlf Qht hbf v`hv `hwe ~etwef v`e qitlf ~i
qell ~jbne v`eb" Jv j~ vtue v`hv v`e tj~e ig H~jh
hbf iv`et emetajba enibimje~ h~ n`hbaef v`e
~vtunvute ig qitlf enibimjn {iqet" Duv th{jf
enibimjn atiqv` jb v`e bib-Qe~vetb qitlf
`h~ iblz ~vtebav`ebef v`e nh~e git hb i{eb hbf
tule~-dh~ef vthfjba ~z~vem v`hv hfh{v~ jv~elg
vi beq {tifunv~, beq jbbiwhvjib~ hbf beq
mhtcev~" H mulvjlhvethl vthfjba ~z~vem mhce~
jbnteh~jba ~eb~e h~ v`e tenebvlz bj~`ef hnne~-~jib beaivjhvjib~ qjv` Tu~~jh hbf iv`et niub-
vtje~ `hwe femib~vthvef" Jbvetbhvjibhl vthfe
`h~ {tidhdlz bewet eboizef ~un` qjfe~{tehf
~u{{itv, hv leh~v jb v`eitz, h~ jv fie~ vifhz" Zev
v`e nh{hnjvz ig vthfe {iljnzmhcet~ vi vthb~gitm
v`j~ ~{jtjv jbvi h mite i{eb, fee{et hbf qjfet
~ev ig mulvjlhvethl vthfjba tule~ `h~ atehvlz fj-
mjbj~`ef" Jbfeef, v`ete j~ h ~ud~vhbvjhl tj~c
v`hv v`e ~vtebav` hbf uvjljvz ig v`e nuttebv mul-
vjlhvethl ~z~vem qjll etife iwet vjme uble~~ v`e
JBVTIFUNVJIB
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mi~v {iqetgul niubvtje~ jb v`e alidhl enibimz
~unne~~gullz n`hbae v`e fzbhmjn~ ig qitlf
vthfe {iljnz hbf {iljvjn~"
V`e {i~vqht mhtn` viqhtf h mite i{eb hbf
mhtcev-dh~ef vthfjba ~z~vem `h~ hlqhz~ {ti-
ate~~ef div` jb~jfe hbf iuv~jfe v`e gthmeqitcig mulvjlhvethl vthfe beaivjhvjib~" V`e ~vthve-
aje~ hbf vhnvjn~ ig vthfe {iljnz lehfet~ ig v`e
{h~v `hwe hlqhz~ deeb mite fjwet~e hbf nim-
{lep v`hb q`hv j~ hncbiqlefaef dz vthfe {ut-
j~v~ hbf jfeiliaue~" Htauhdlz, beq fzbhmjn~
beq {i~jvjwe veb~jib~ jb alidhl vthfe {iljnz
qjll `hwe vi de aebethvef dz h nimdjbhvjib ig
ebfiaebiu~ n`hbae~ qjv`jb v`e QVI hbf ep-
iaebiu~ {te~~ute~ v`hv {tiwjfe v`e jbnebvjwe
git v`e qitlf~ mi~v {iqetgul hbf jm{itvhbv
enibimje~ vi {te~~ h`ehf qjv` hffjvjibhl vthfeljdethljhvjib hbf mite epveb~jwe hbf u{fhvef
tule~" Ubleh~`jba ~un` {i~jvjwe veb~jib~ jb it-
fet vi {uv {te~~ute ib QVI memdet~ gtim
iuv~jfe, q`jle ~vjll nibvjbujba vi bf qhz~ vi
qitc nib~vtunvjwelz gtim v`e jb~jfe, ~`iulf de
h ntjvjnhl {htv ig v`e vthb~hvlhbvjn ~vthveaz vifhz"
Jb v`j~ te{itv, v`e Vthb~hvlhbvjn Vh~c Gitne ib
Vthfe hbf Jbwe~vmebv {tiwjfe~ hb iwethll hbhl-
z~j~ ig v`e nuttebv ~vhve ig vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe
{iljnz hbf mhce~ tenimmebfhvjib~ git oijbvhnvjib dz v`e Euti{ehb Ubjib hbf v`e Ubjvef
^vhve~" V`e te{itv ginu~e~ ib jbjvjhvjwe~ v`hv
~`iulf de vhceb dz v`e~e vqi liba-~vhbfjba
{htvbet~ jb alidhl enibimjn {iljnz mhcjba"
Iv`et tenebv ~vufje~ hwe ephmjbef vthfe {il-
jnz gtim h mite aebethl hbf ~z~vemjn {et~{en-
vjwe, hbf {te~ebvef tenimmebfhvjib~ hdiuv
`iq v`e QVI jb {htvjnulht ~`iulf n`hbae jb
v`e guvute gtim h ~vtunvuthl hbf hb i{ethvjib-
hl {ijbv ig wjeq"8 Q`jle ~ime ig v`e~e j~~ue~
hte hl~i hffte~~ef jb v`j~ te{itv, iut wjeq~hte mite ~{enjnhllz fjtenvef vi vthb~hvlhbvjn
{iljnzmhcet~ hbf lehfet~" V`e vh~c qe ~ev iut-
8 V`e Guvute ig v`e QVI Hffte~~jba jb~vjvuvjibhl n`hl-lebae~ jb v`e beq mjllebbjum (4;;6* Te{itv dz v`e Nib-~ulvhvjwe Dihtf vi v`e Fjtenvit-Aebethl u{hn`hj [hbjvn`-{hcfj dz [evet ^uv`etlhbf (N`hjtmhb*, Ohafj~` D`haqhvj,Cqe~j Divn`qez, Bjhll GjvAethlf, Cijn`j @hmhfh, Oi`b@" Ohnc~ib, Nel~i Lhget hbf V`jettz fe Mibvdtjhl" QitlfVthfe Itahbjhvjib3 V`e Qhtqjnc Nimmj~~jib (4;;1* V`eMulvjlhvethl Vthfe Teajme? Q`jn` Qhz Gitqhtf, Ubjwet~jvzig Qhtqjnc
~elwe~ qh~ vi v`jbc ~vthveajnhllz hdiuv EU hbf
U"^" vthfe {iljnz n`ijne~ jb v`e vthb~hvlhbvjn
nibvepv" V`j~ te{itv v`etegite ~uaae~v~ ~ime
hmdjvjiu~ jbjvjhvjwe~ v`hv nhb lehf v`e qhz git-
qhtf" Jv {te~ebv~ nibnteve tenimmebfhvjib~
git nib~jfethvjib dz v`e EU hbf v`e U"^" vi-
aev`et h~ v`ez nibvjbue vi gitmulhve hbf tebe
v`ejt vthfe {iljnz haebfh~ jb v`e zeht~ h`ehf,
hlqhz~ qjv` hb eze viqhtf eb`hbnjba enibimjn
atiqv` hbf oid ntehvjib"
Jbfeef, qe hte ebniuthaef v`hv h beq {tin-
e~~ jb v`j~ teahtf `h~ tenebvlz deeb lhubn`ef"
Hv v`e U"^"-EU ~ummjv jb lhve Biwemdet lh~v
zeht (4;88*, v`e EU hbf v`e U"^" hateef vi e~-
vhdlj~` h @ja` Lewel Qitcjba Atiu{ git Oid~
hbf Atiqv` vi aebethve beq jfeh~ git vthb~hv-
lhbvjn vthfe {iljnz" V`j~ mhoit jbjvjhvjwe ~`iq~{iljvjnhl lehfet~ hte biq {te{htef vi tewj~jv v`e
htaumebv~ git hbf hahjb~v vthb~hvlhbvjn djlhv-
ethl vthfe jbjvjhvjwe~" Q`jle qe ~u{{itv div`
fee{ebef djlhvethl vthfe jbveathvjib hbf atehv-
et vthb~hvlhbvjn nii{ethvjib hv v`e mulvjlhvethl
lewel, jv j~ ntjvjnhl git v`e @ja` Lewel Qitcjba
Atiu{ v`hv beq djlhvethl hbf mulvjlhvethl jbjvjh-
vjwe~ hte jbveathvef qjv` ehn` iv`et" EU hbf U"^"
lehfet~ `hwe biq hncbiqlefaef v`hv h vthb~-
hvlhbvjn vthfe hateemebv j~ bi libaet h gitdjf-
feb vettjvitz git v`em" @iqewet, v`e nh{hnjvzig ~un` hb hateemebv vi aebethve {i~jvjwe ~z~-
vemjn nib~exuebne~, hbf jm{tiwe nibfjvjib~
git vthfe dezibf v`e Hvlhbvjn teajib, fe{ebf~
ib v`e fe~jab ig h vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe hateemebv
hbf `iq jv ljbc~ u{ qjv` nimmib EU hbf U"^"
jbjvjhvjwe~ qjv` iv`et niubvtje~" V`hv ~`iulf de
hb e~~ebvjhl elemebv jb v`e qitc dz v`e @ja`
Lewel Qitcjba Atiu{"
V`j~ Vh~c Gitne te{itv j~ dh~ef ib giut gubfh-
mebvhl h~~um{vjib~?
Euti{e hbf v`e Ubjvef ^vhve~ hte ~vjll
v`e vqi mhjb lehfet~ jb alidhl enibimjn
{iljnz-mhcjba, hbf qjll temhjb ~i git v`e
gite~eehdle guvute" Eweb jg iv`et niub-
vtje~ hte nhvn`jba u{ gh~v, e~{enjhllz {i{-
uliu~ niubvtje~ ljce Jbfjh hbf N`jbh v`hv
hltehfz hwe ~jabjnhbv vthfe ~envit~, bi
iv`et outj~fjnvjib~ {i~~e~~ v`e texuj~jve
enibimjn, {iljvjnhl hbf jb~vjvuvjibhl nh-
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{hnjvz, bit v`e fe~jte bit v`e qjll v`hv j~
bene~~htz vi {tiwjfe alidhl lehfet~`j{"
V`ete j~ hltehfz h `ja` featee ig vthb~-
hvlhbvjn enibimjn jbveathvjib h~ h te~ulv
ig {h~v hbf epj~vjba vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv
iq~ jb div` fjtenvjib~" Bewetv`ele~~, jv~`iulf de h {tjitjvz git v`e vthb~hvlhbvjn
telhvjib~`j{ vi miwe vi h aebujbe dhttj-
et-gtee mhtcev" V`j~ j~ h dilf wj~jib, zev
jv niulf hbf ~`iulf aujfe {iljnzmhcet~
jb v`ejt hnvjib~ vifhz" V`e vthb~hvlhbvjn
enibimjn telhvjib~`j{ j~ hmiba v`e mi~v
jbveb~e hbf jbvetvqjbef jb v`e qitlf" Zev
jv ~`iulf biv de vhceb git athbvef" Vthb~-
hvlhbvjn {iljnz h{hv`z, it bealenv, qjll fe-
{tjwe div` Euti{e hbf v`e Ubjvef vhve~
ig wjhdle ~vthveaje~ vi dii~v atiqv` q`jleubfetmjbjba eggitv~ vi aev iv`et~ vi i{eb
u{ mhtcev~ git v`e aiif ig hll niubvtje~"
H ~iubf mulvjlhvethl vthfjba ~z~vem te-
mhjb~ cez vi qitlf hbf vthb~hvlhbvjn
{ti~{etjvz, hbf v`e nebvthl tile ig v`e
QVI jb v`hv ~z~vem ~`iulf de {te~etwef"
^z~vem mhjbvebhbne j~ e~~ebvjhl" @iq-
ewet, v`e ginu~ git v`e vjme dejba ~`iulf
de ib bfjba {thamhvjn h{{tihn`e~ vi
vthfe ljdethljhvjib hbf tule~-mhcjba
v`hv nhb hnvuhllz hn`jewe ~imev`jba jb
v`e zeht~ h`ehf" Jbntemebvhl {tiate~~ j~
{tegethdle vi nibvjbuef ghjlef hvvem{v~
hv hbz athbf tefe~jab it tegitm ig v`e
~z~vem" Euti{e hbf v`e Ubjvef ^vhve~
`hwe v`e nh{hnjvz vi ~`h{e h tehlj~vjn
haebfh oijbvlz hbf jb nii{ethvjib qjv`
iv`et cez {htvbet~" Biq j~ biv v`e vjme
git vthfe-{iljnz ghvjaue" Jv j~ thv`et vjme
git h nim{te`eb~jwe vthfe ~vthveaz vi te-
beq eggitv~ vi i{eb u{ mhtcev~ git atehv-
et nimmetne, atiqv` hbf mite oid~--
div` hv ime hbf jb iv`et niubvtje~"
[tegetebvjhl Vthfe Hateemebv~ hte biq
jm{itvhbv {htv~ ig vthfe {iljnz" Hlmi~v
hll niubvtje~ `hwe h ~jabjnhbv bumdet
ig [VH~ ib v`ejt diic~ hbf hte ebahaef
jb beaivjhvjba beq hateemebv~" Q`jle
v`e xuhljvz ig [VH~ niulf de jm{tiwef,
h ntjvjnhl n`hllebae git v`e EU, v`e U"^"
hbf iv`et lehfet~ jb alidhl vthfe j~ vi bf
qhz~ vi jbveathve hbf htmibje epj~vjba
[VH~"
Qe fenjfef ehtlz ib vi {lhne vqi ljmjvhvjib~
ib iut qitc" Gjt~v, qe nibnlufef biv vi vtz vi
niwet hll j~~ue~ ig ~jabjnhbne jb vthfe {iljnz"
Qe `hwe {uv v`e em{`h~j~ ib ~vthveaje~ v`hv
htauhdlz ~vhbf h n`hbne ig `hwjba hb jm{hnv
jb v`e beht-vi-mefjum-vetm guvute" V`ete hte
mhbz j~~ue~ iv`et v`hb v`i~e hffte~~ef jb v`j~te{itv v`hv hte qitv`z ig nimmebvhtz hbf {il-
jnz hvvebvjib" V`e n`jeg vh~c biq, iqewet, j~ vi
te~vite h deljeg jb vthfe {iljnz hbf jv~ nh{hnjvz
vi feljwet mehbjbagul ahjb~ vi ~injevje~" V`hv
texujte~ h ginu~ ib hn`jewhdle feljwethdle~"
^enibf, v`e {ut{i~e ig v`j~ te{itv j~ vi ~ev iuv
beq jbjvjhvjwe~ duv biv vi {te~ntjde v`e buv~
hbf dilv~ ig ehn` jbjvjhvjwe it `iq v`ez ~`iulf
nime hdiuv" V`hv j~ h oid git {iljnzmhcet~ hbf
beaivjhvit~" Iut tenimmebfhvjib~ hbf oufa-
mebv~ dh~ef ib v`e nillenvjwe ep{etjebne te{-
te~ebvef ib v`j~ Vh~c Gitne hte ljmjvef iblz vi
~uaae~vjba vthfe haebfh~ hbf vthfe ~vthveaje~
vi de {ut~uef jb h vthb~hvlhbvjn nibvepv hbf biv
`iq v`ez nhb de~v de jm{lemebvef"
V`e bepv n`h{vet qjll ajwe h aebethl hbhlz~j~ ig
n`hbae~ jb v`e jbvetbhvjibhl vthfjba ~z~vem hbf
`iq v`i~e n`hbae~ hwe {tim{vef u~ vi nhll git
h beq vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe haebfh" Iut tenim-
mebfhvjib~, hbf v`e mivjwhvjib~ git v`em, hte
{te~ebvef jb n`h{vet~ v`tee hbf giut" V`e te-{itv nibnlufe~ qjv` h ~ummhtz"
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JBVTIFUNVJIB
Hv v`e fhqbjbaig v`e 48
~v
nebvutz, ou~v h fen-hfe hai, Euti{e hbf v`e Ubjvef ^vhve~, hliba
qjv` iv`et~, niulf liic dhnc qjv` nib~jfethdle
{tjfe hv v`e vthfe {iljnz ~unne~~e~ v`hv v`ez hf
hn`jewef jb v`e bhl zeht~ ig v`e 4;v` nebvutz"
V`e Utuauhz Tiubf ig vthfe beaivjhvjib~ `hf
deeb ~unne~~gullz nibnlufef, nulmjbhvjba jb
v`e ntehvjib ig v`e QVI jb 8::5" Beq ~envithl
hateemebv~ jb v`e QVI, ~un` h~ v`i~e ib vel-
enimmubjnhvjib~ hbf bhbnjhl ~etwjne~, hbf
v`e Jbgitmhvjib Ven`biliaz Hateemebv (JVH*,
`hf ebvetef jbvi gitne" V`e EU qh~ jm{lemebv-jba jv~ jbale Mhtcev hbf v`e Ubjvef vhve~ hf
~unne~~gullz nibnlufef v`e Bitv` Hmetjnhb
Gtee Vthfe Hateemebv (Bhgvh* qjv` Nhbhfh hbf
Mepjni" Hbf fe~{jve v`e nillh{~e ig v`e QVI
Mjbj~vetjhl Nibgetebne jb ^ehvvle jb 8:::, lehf-
et~ ib div` ~jfe~ ig v`e Hvlhbvjn ebvetef v`e beq
Mjllebbjum qjv` h ~vtiba deljeg jb v`e nh{hnjvz
ig vthfe {iljnz vi feljwet ~ud~vhbvjhl enibimjn
debev~ v`tiua` hffjvjibhl vthfe ep{hb~jib, h~
v`ez {te{htef git h beq tiubf ig mulvjlhvethl
vthfe beaivjhvjib~"
H fenhfe lhvet, v`hv {et~{envjwe `h~ n`hbaef"
Hb jm{h~~e jb v`e Fi`h Tiubf beaivjhvjib~
`h~ legv v`e ~vhvu~ ig v`e QVI h~ h gitum git
guvute vthfe beaivjhvjib~ ubnetvhjb" Q`jle ep-
j~vjba mhtcev hnne~~ nimmjvmebv~ hbf tule~
eb~`tjbef jb v`e QVI hte biv jb fhbaet, hbf
qitlf lehfet~ h{{eht vi ubfet~vhbf v`e jm{it-
vhbne ig {te~etwjba v`e te~ulv~ ig {h~v mulvjlhv-
ethl beaivjhvjba hl~i hv h vjme ig enibimjn hbf
~nhl ~vte~~, v`e lh~v veb zeht~ ig ub~unne~~gul
Fi`h Tiubf beaivjhvjib~ `hwe jbewjvhdlz vhc-eb h {iljvjnhl vill" Mhbz {iljvjnjhb~ jb v`e Qe~v,
{hjbgullz hqhte ig v`e jbnteh~jbalz n`htaef bh-
vute ig v`e vthfe {iljnz fedhve, `hwe n`i~eb vi
{ut~ue iv`et bib-vthfe haebfh~"
Q@HV @H^ N@HBAEF9
Vthfe {iljnz fie~ biv deajb hbf ebf jb Aebe-
wh" Duv fj~~envjba v`e teh~ib~ de`jbf v`e tenebv
mhlhj~e jb vthfe mulvjlhvethlj~m j~ h aiif ~vhtv-
jba {ijbv git ubfet~vhbfjba v`e dtihf ~vtunvuthln`hbae~ jb v`e qitlf enibimz v`hv `hwe vhceb
{lhne jb v`e lh~v fenhfe v`hv `hwe nim{ljnhvef
vthfe {iljnz" V`e Fi`h Tiubf~ ghjlute j~ fue
{htvlz vi fenjebnje~ jb v`e ~vtunvute hbf i{eth-
vjib ig v`e QVI" Jb v`j~ teahtf, mhbz {ti{i~ef
~iluvjib~ `hwe jbwilwef n`hbae~ jb v`e QVI~
fenj~jib-mhcjba {tinefute~, it vhce hjm hv v`e
{tjbnj{le~ ig h ~jbale ubfetvhcjba hbf nib~eb-
~u~ fenj~jib mhcjba" @iqewet, q`jle {tinefut-
hl jm{tiwemebv~ mja`v ghnjljvhve vthfe beai-
vjhvjib~ jb v`e QVI jb v`e guvute, v`ez qjll bivde ebiua` vi te~vite mimebvum git v`e QVI,
lev hlibe vi bj~` q`hv mhz de legv ig v`e Fi`h
Tiubf" V`e QVI~ dh~jn beaivjhvjba {tidlem~
htj~e biv denhu~e ig hbz {etnejwef jb~vjvuvjibhl
qehcbe~~e~ ig v`e itahbjhvjib duv thv`et gtim
mite gubfhmebvhl gitne~ v`hv hte vthb~gitmjba
aei{iljvjn~, fime~vjn {iljvjn~ hbf v`e {iljvjnhl
bhvute ig vthfe ljdethljhvjib"
V`e~e n`hbae~ hwe dtiua`v hdiuv h ~`jgv hqhz
gtim v`e ilf {i~v-qht mifel ig vthfe hatee-
mebv~" jm{lz {uv, v`j~ mifel qh~ dh~ef lhtaelzu{ib fehl~ jbjvjhvef hbf nibnlufef dz v`e U"^",
v`e EU hbf Oh{hb, hbf ginu~ef lhtaelz ib te-
funvjib~ ig vhtjgg~ ib jbfu~vtjhl aiif~" V`j~ ~z~-
vem qh~ ~u~vhjbef dz U"^" lehfet~`j{ denhu~e
v`e {etnejwef ep{itv debev~ ig vhtjgg tefun-
vjib~ hbf v`e enibimjn atiqv` te~ulvjba gtim
~un` debev~ igg~ev v`e li~~e~ gtim jbnteh~e~ jb
jm{itv~ vi ~un` hb epvebv v`hv ~ud~vhbvjhl gtee
tjfjba dz iv`et~, mi~vlz feweli{jba niubvtje~,
niulf de iwetliicef" Debev~ gtim vthfe qete
oufaef lhtaelz dz mhtcev hnne~~ git ep{itv~hnnitfjba vi h metnhbvjlj~vjn, jg biv ebvjtelz
eti-~um, qhz ig v`jbcjba" Zev q`jle v`e qitlf
enibimz j~ fjggetebv biq v`e {iljvjnhl ubfet-
~vhbfjba ig `iq nibvem{ithtz mulvjlhvethl
vthfe beaivjhvjib~ hte nibfunvef hbf v`e bht-
thvjwe u~ef vi ~u~vhjb v`e {iljvjnhl hbf {udljn
~u{{itv git ~un` beaivjhvjib~ `h~ biv ce{v
{hne qjv` hnvuhl n`hbae~ ib v`e atiubf"
VHCJBA ^VINC IG ALIDHL HBF VTHB^HVLHBVJN VTHFE HBFJBWE^VMEBV [ILJNZ
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Giut cez elemebv~ `hwe n`hbaef v`e tehljvz ig
jbvetbhvjibhl vthfe?
H" Alidhl ~u{{lz n`hjb~ hbf v`e tj~e ig
vtue mulvjbhvjibhl tm~
Vifhz, v`e qhz jb q`jn` jbvetbhvjibhl vthfe
j~ nibfunvef, hbf dz q`im, `h~ n`hbaef" H~
h te~ulv ig v`e gitne~ ig alidhljhvjib hbf v`e
tewiluvjib jb jbgitmhvjib hbf nimmubjnhvjib~
ven`biliaz (JNV* aiif~ hbf ~etwjne~, vthfe nhb
bi libaet ~jm{lz de ubfet~viif jb vetm~ ig ep-
{itv (it jm{itv* ig gjbj~`ef aiif~ {tifunef
dz ibe tm, jb ibe ghnvitz, jb ibe niubvtz hbf
v`etehgvet ~`j{{ef vi hb ubtelhvef {htvz jb hb-
iv`et niubvtz"
Liqet vhtjgg~, jbnteh~ef gitejab fjtenv jbwe~v-
mebv (GFJ*, jbvetbhvjibhl iuv~iutnjba hbf v`e
feweli{mebv ig alidhl ~u{{lz n`hjb~ hwe hll te-
febef v`e enibimjn~ hbf {iljvjn~ ig vthfe, hbf
vthb~gitmef vthfe {hvvetb~, h~ qell h~ v`e jbvet-
bhvjibhl fjwj~jib ig lhdit" H lhtae hbf atiqjba
~`hte ig qitlf vthfe j~ biq nibfunvef qjv`jb,
thv`et v`hb devqeeb, jbvetbhvjibhl tm~, q`jn`
gteelz ep{lijv nim{hthvjwe hfwhbvhae~ dz linhv-
jba v`ejt i{ethvjib~ jb whtjiu~ {htv~ ig v`e qitlf"
Alidhl ~u{{lz n`hjb~ `hwe hl~i vthb~gitmef
v`e jfebvjvje~ hbf jbvete~v~ ig nim{hbje~" Div`
mulvjbhvjibhl~ hbf ~mhll-hbf-mefjum ~jef
nim{hbje~ hte biv iblz jbvete~vef jb liqetjbavthfe dhttjet~ hdtihf jb itfet vi hnne~~ ep{itv
mhtcev~ v`ez hl~i debev gtim liqet dhttjet~
git jm{itv~ ig jbvetmefjhve aiif~ hbf jb{uv~
git {tine~~jba" Jb iv`et qitf~, liqet dhttjet~
git jm{itv~ `hwe denime behtlz h~ jm{itvhbv
h~ hnne~~ vi ep{itv mhtcev~ jb tm~ xue~v vi
temhjb nim{evjvjwe"
D" Alidhl vthfe jbnteh~jbalz lef dz
jbwe~vmebv
Alidhl nimmetne j~ bi libaet ftjweb dz vthfe
hlibe" Gitejab fjtenv jbwe~vmebv {lhz~ hb exuhl,
jg biv djaaet, tile jb guelljba nti~~-ditfet ep-
n`hbae" V`e nimdjbhvjib ig h bumdet ig ghnvit~
jbnlufjba v`e JNV tewiluvjib, vthfe ljdethlj-
hvjib, atehvet nh{jvhl gteefim, alidhl {tifun-
vjib {tine~~e~ hbf n`eh{et vthb~{itvhvjib
`hwe vthb~gitmef v`e tile ig GFJ jb v`e qitlf
enibimz"
GFJ h~ denime hb jm{itvhbv ftjwet ig ep{itv~hbf jm{itv~ jb div` feweli{ef hbf feweli{jba
niubvtje~, h~ qell h~ h nibfujv git v`e vthb~get
ig cbiq`iq hbf ven`biliaz" Jv j~ bi libaet {tj-
mhtjlz h mehb~ ig vhtjgg-oum{jba, ~u{{lzjba
h mhtcev dz {tifunjba jb v`hv niubvtz vi hwijf
{hzjba `ja` jm{itv fuvje~" Hb jm{itvhbv {ut-
{i~e git jbwe~vmebv vifhz j~ vi mhpjmje v`e eg-
njebnz ig alidhl ~u{{lz n`hjb~ hbf vi e~vhdlj~`
h nimmetnjhl {te~ebne jb h mhtcev"
Jbwe~vjba fjtenvlz hdtihf j~ h qhz git nim{h-bje~ vi aev nli~et vi epj~vjba nu~vimet~ hbf vi
tehn` iuv vi beq nu~vimet~ jb emetajba mht-
cev~" Jv j~ hl~i hb jm{itvhbv mife ig feljwetz
git ~etwjne~ v`tiua` v`e e~vhdlj~`mebv ig h
nimmetnjhl {te~ebne jb gitejab mhtcev~" Gtim
v`e {et~{envjwe ig mhbz emetajba enibimje~,
GFJ igget~ h gh~v vthnc vi jbfu~vtjhljhvjib hbf
vi dujlf hb ep{itv dh~e v`hv el{~ v`em vi jbve-
athve jbvi v`e qitlf enibimz" ^un` niubvtje~
teniabjef v`hv dhttjet~ vi jbqhtf GFJ nhb jb-
DIP 8" JBVTH-GJTM VTHFE, it jbvetbhvjibhliq~ ig aiif~ hbf ~etwjne~ devqeeb {htebvnim{hbje~ hbf v`ejt hgljhve~ it hmiba v`e~ehgljhve~, te~ulv~ gtim v`e feweli{mebv ig alidhlwhlue n`hjb~" Jv j~ aebethvef dz v`e telinhvjib ig~ud~jfjhtje~ hdtihf git v`e {tifunvjib ig jb{uv~(igg-~`itjba*, hbf v`u~ jm{lje~ wetvjnhl gitejab fjtenvjbwe~vmebv"Jbvth-tm vthfe te{te~ebv~ h{{tipjmhvelz 87 %
ig vivhl ep{itv~ ig IENF-niubvtje~ (iqbet~`j{v`te~`ilf ig 5; %*" Jv j~ mi~v nimmib devqeebIENF-niubvtje~3 50 % ig U"^" jm{itv~ ig aiif~gtim IENF niubvtje~ j~ jbvth-tm vthfe nim{h-tef vi 4: % ig v`e jm{itv~ gtim DTJN niubvtje~"Jbvth-tm vthfe hnniubv~ git 60 % ig v`e vivhl U"^"jm{itv~ ig aiif~ ib hwethae, hbf >; % ig v`eep{itv~ V`e vthfe jb jb{uv~ hbf jbvetmefjhve aiif~qjv`jb v`e ~hme nim{hbz j~ {htvjnulhtlz jbveb~ejb v`e huvimidjle, {`htmhneuvjnhl hbf vthb~{itvexuj{mebv jbfu~vtje~"Qjv` te~{env vi vthfe jb ~etwjne~, fhvh ib jbvth-tm
vthfe j~ ljmjvef" U"^" dhlhbne ig {hzmebv~ fhvhgtim 4;;0 ~uaae~v~, iqewet, v`hv v`e ~`hte igjbvth-tm vthfe qh~ 44 % ig vivhl jm{itv~ ig {tjwhve~etwjne~, hbf 47 % ig ep{itv~"
^iutne? Lhb, T" hbf ^" Mjtiufiv (4;88*, Jbvth-GjtmVthfe? [hvvetb~, Fevetmjbhbv~ hbf [iljnz Jm{ljnhvjib~,IENF Vthfe [iljnz Qitcjba [h{et~, Bi" 886, IENF[udlj~`jba" `vv{?))fp"fij"ita)8;"8101)5ca:{>:ltqbb-eb
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`jdjv v`e nh{hnjvz vi ep{itv, q`jle `ja` jm{itv
dhttjet~ ibne h ~{ut vi jbqhtf GFJ hte biq
h~ ljcelz vi fevet gitejab jbwe~vmebv, h~ vi hv-
vthnv jv"
V`e~e n`hbae~ jb v`e qitlf enibimz `hwe jb-
veb~jef v`e telhvjib~`j{ devqeeb vthfe hbf jb-
we~vmebv hbf mhfe v`em muvuhllz tejbgitnjba"
H~ h te~ulv, v`e ~e{hthvjib devqeeb vthfe {iljnz
hbf jbwe~vmebv {iljnz j~ jbnteh~jbalz htvjnjhl"Jv j~, jb ghnv, h fj~vjbnvjib v`hv fie~ biv nitte-
~{ibf qjv` v`e qhz v`hv vifhz~ alidhl mhtcev-
{lhne gubnvjib~ jb {thnvjne"
V`e~e feweli{mebv~ {ijbv viqhtf v`e beef
git hb jbveathvef {iljnz h{{tihn` git vthfe
hbf jbwe~vmebv" @iqewet, vthfe hbf jbwe~v-
mebv hateemebv~ `hwe biv ce{v {hne qjv` v`e
jbnteh~jba jm{itvhbne ig alidhl jbwe~vmebv
iq~" Q`jle QVI tule~ hltehfz niwet ~ime h~-
{env~ ig jbwe~vmebv, ~un` niwethae j~ ljmjvef hv
de~v hbf v`e jbwe~vmebv nimmjvmebv~ mhfe dz
mhbz memdet~ jb v`e ~etwjne~ hteh `hwe deeb
xujve mife~v, igveb ghlljba ~`itv ig djbfjba ep-
j~vjba bhvjibhl {iljnje~" Q`hv j~ jbnlufef jb v`e
nuttebv QVI Hateemebv ib Vthfe-Telhvef Jb-
we~vmebv Meh~ute~ temhjb~ ght deliq v`e hm-
djvjib~ ig v`e 8:60 @hwhbh N`htvet, q`jn` em-
{`h~jef v`e tile ig jbwe~vmebv jb mulvjlhvethl
vthfe {iljnz" Ib v`e iv`et hbf, v`e ~ud~vhbvjwe
nibvebv ig ~ime tenebv Djlhvethl Jbwe~vmebv
Vtehvje~ (DJV~* hbf, vi ~ime epvebv, [VH~
`h~ deeb ~ud~vhbvjhl hbf v`e leahl idljahvjib~
gliqjba gtim v`e~e jb~vtumebv~ `hwe `hf h
{i~jvjwe jm{hnv ib v`e {timivjib hbf {tiven-
vjib ib jbvetbhvjibhl jbwe~vmebv iq~" V`ete
j~ biq h atehv difz ig jbvetbhvjibhl tule~ ib jb-
we~vmebv, hlv`iua` jv temhjb~ lhtaelz djlhvethl
jb gitm" Nib~exuebvlz, v`ete j~ hm{le tiim vi
jm{tiwe jbvetbhvjibhl jbwe~vmebv tule~, {ht-
vjnulhtlz ib h teajibhl it mulvjlhvethl dh~j~"
N" Fenljbjba {iljvjnhl h{{evjve git i{eb
mhtcev~
[iljvjnhl h{{evjve gitmhtcev-itjebvef te-
gitm~ j~ aebethllz fenljbjba it bib-epj~vebv
jb mhbz lhtaet enibimje~" V`e atehv dut~v ig
fime~vjn enibimjn tegitm~ jb v`e 8:0;~ hbf
8::;~ jb v`e U"^", EU, N`jbh, Jbfjh hbf el~e-
q`ete h~ ~ud~jfef hbf deeb te{lhnef, hv de~v,
dz nhuvjiu~ jbntemebvhl enibimjn tegitm~" Zev,
q`jle v`e nh{jvhlj~v mifel j~ dejba jbnteh~jbalz
xue~vjibef, bi ~unne~~it mifel h~ emetaef vi
te{lhne jv" Thv`et, v`ete ~eem~ vi de hb jbnteh~-
jba vtebf viqhtf te-teaulhvjib ig v`e bhbnjhl
~envit hbf ~elenvjwe aiwetbmebv jbvetwebvjib"
V`j~, viaev`et qjv` v`e lhnc ig {iljvjnhl ebv`u~j-
h~m git hffjvjibhl vthfe ljdethljhvjib, j~ ~zm{-
vimhvjn ig h dtihfet vtebf ig ~ce{vjnj~m viqhtf
v`e i{ethvjib ig mhtcev gitne~"
;
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GFJ(U^Fmjlljib*
Metn`hbfj~ejm{itv~(U^Fm
jlljib*
^iutne?Ubnvhf^vhv
Metn`hbfj~e
jm{itv~
JbqhtfGFJ
ffliq~
GJAUTE 8" QITLF VTHFE JB AIIF^ HBF VIVHL GFJ GLIQ^
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F" Mulvjlhvethlj~m qjv`iuv ~vtiba
lehfet~`j{
[hthfipjnhllz, ~unne~~gul mulvjlhvethlj~m jb
v`e {i~v QQJJ-eth texujtef, vi {uv jv ~ime-
q`hv {tiwinhvjwelz, h debewilebv `eaemib
vi {timive hbf ~u~vhjb alidhl tule~ (hbf qjll-jba gilliqet~ vi nillhdithve jb v`e eggitv*" V`e
U"^" qjlljbalz {lhzef v`hv tile git mite v`hb
v`tee fenhfe~ hgvet QQJJ, duv jv~ qjlljbabe~~
hbf nh{hnjvz vi fi ~i `hwe deeb jb fenljbe ~jbne
v`e ehtlz 8:1;~" V`j~ j~ fue vi ~ewethl teh~ib~"
^vthjbef bhbnjhl hbf enibimjn te~iutne~, v`e
ebf ig v`e Nilf Qht hbf v`e tj~e ig {i{uliu~
hbf nim{evjba beq enibimjn {iqet~ hwe bhv-
uthllz ubfetmjbef Hmetjnh~ hdjljvz vi ubfet-
qtjve beq vthfe hateemebv~, e~{enjhllz q`eb
~un` hateemebv~ hwe deeb ~eeb h~ jb~ugnjebvgit U"^" ep{itv jbvete~v~" Hv v`e bhvjibhl lewel,
aiwetbhbne jb v`e U"^" h~ qell h~ jb iv`et lhtae
IENF niubvtje~ `h~ hl~i denime jbnteh~jbalz
fjgnulv, h~ {iljvjnhl mhoitjvje~ denime ~ljm-
met hbf fime~vjn {tidlem~ jbveb~jgz" Fe~{jve
v`e U"^" tevtehv gtim v`e tile ig v`e debewilebv
`eaemib, bi iv`et niubvtz it atiu{ ig niub-
vtje~ `h~ emetaef vi {lhz v`e ~hme lehfet~`j{
tile h~ v`hv {lhzef dz v`e U" " jb ehtljet fenhfe~"
V`e te~ulv `h~ deeb h fjggu~jib ig {iqet hbf h
~vhve ig ~vhdle fj~exujljdtjum jb jbvetbhvjibhlenibimjn telhvjib~ v`hv ~eem~ ljcelz vi {tewhjl
git ~ime vjme"
V`e~e giut n`hbae~ hte hmiba v`e mi~v jm-
{itvhbv feweli{mebv~ v`hv `hwe vthb~gitmef
v`e tehljvz ig jbvetbhvjibhl vthfe hbf v`e ebwj-
tibmebv jb q`jn` {iljnz mhcjba hbf beaivjh-
vjib~ vhce {lhne" H~ h te~ulv ig v`e~e n`hbae~,
v`e vthfjvjibhl vthfe bhtthvjwe v`hv ginu~ef ib
v`e beef vi idvhjb mhtcev hnne~~ git jbfu~vtjhl
ep{itv~ v`tiua` vhtjgg tefunvjib `h~ denime
hbhn`tibj~vjn" Hv v`e ~hme vjme, aiwetbmebv~
`hwe nibvjbuef vi ~vtuaale vi bf h beq bht-
thvjwe v`hv qjll aebethve {i{ulht hbf {iljvjnhl
~u{{itv git v`e beq jbvetbhvjibhl enibimjn
{iljnz jbjvjhvjwe~ v`hv hte beefef vi hffte~~ vi-
fhz~ alidhl enibimjn tehljvje~" ^i ght, bi beq
{iljvjnhl bhtthvjwe h~ te{lhnef v`e ilf {etne{-
vjib ig vthfe v`hv fimjbhvef v`e ilf {i~v-qht
h{{tihn` vi mulvjlhvethlj~m"
DIP 4" ^U[[LZ N@HJB GTHAMEBVHVJIB JBV@E NH^E IG V@E J[IF
Mhfe jb""" fie~ biv ~hz jv hll" Ibe `h~ vi aidezibf v`e lhdel ib v`e dhnc ig hb j[if jb itfet viubfet~vhbf v`e nim{lep {hvvetb~ ig v`e {tifunvjib
{tine~~ ig ven`bjnhl fewjne~" V`e mhjb ~`hte ig v`etevhjl whlue ig h >;AD Wjfei j[if (&4::* lje~ jb v`efe~jab hbf nibne{vjib" V`e htf ftjwe j~ mhbughn-vutef dz Oh{hb-dh~ef Vi~`jdh hbf te{te~ebv~ v`emi~v ep{eb~jwe nim{ibebv (&1>">:*" V`e ~enibfmi~v whluhdle nim{ibebv j~ v`e fj~{lhz h~~emdlz(&4>"41*, mhbughnvutef dz Vi~`jdh-Mhv~u~`jvh"V`e wjfei)mulvjmefjh {tine~~it (&6">:* hbf v`enibvtillet n`j{ (&4"48* hte div` {tifunef dzHmetjnhb nim{hbje~3 Dtihfnim hbf [itvhl[lhzet"V`e bhl h~~emdlz vhce~ {lhne jb N`jbh, hv h ni~vig h{{tipjmhvelz &>"07"V`j~ j~ biv v`e nim{leve {jnvute `iqewet" Q`eb
hll ~vhae~ jb v`e {tifunvjib {tine~~ hte vhceb jbvihnniubv, (Vi~`jdh nim{ibebv~ hte biv ebvjtelzghdtjnhvef jb Oh{hb, git jb~vhbne* aute~ ~`iq v`hv
&87> (55%* ig v`e tevhjl whlue ig v`e j[if nhb dehvvtjduvef vi Hmetjnhb nim{hbje~ hbf qitcet~" Oh-{hb nibvtjduve~ qjv` &47 vi v`e vivhl whlue, mi~vlzv`tiua` Vi~`jdh, q`jle N`jbh hbf Citeh hnniubvgit hdiuv &8 ehn`"
^iutne~? Feftjnc , O"3 Cthemet, C3 Ljbfeb, A" (4;;:*Q`i {tiv~ gtim jbbiwhvjib jb alidhl whlue n`hjb~9? h~vufz ig v`e j[if hbf bivediic [N~, jb Jbfu~vtjhl hbfNit{ithve N`hbae, Wil" 8:, B"8, {{" 08-8873 Whtjhb,@hl T" (4;;1-;7-40* Hb j[if `h~ alidhl whlue" H~c v`e(mhbz* niubvtje~ v`hv mhce jv, Beq Zitc Vjme~
DIP >" JBVTH-GJTM VTHFE JB V@E MIDJLE[@IBE JBFU^VTZ? V@E WETVJNHL JBVEATH-VJIB IG BICJH
Bicjh j~ h lehfjba mhbughnvutet ig midjle fewjne~jb v`e qitlf" @ehfxuhtvetef jb Gjblhbf, jv~ 8>4,;;;em{lizee~ htiubf v`e qitlf qitc qjv` T'F,{tifunvjib, ~hle~ hbf mhtcevjba" V`e ~u{{lz n`hjbj~ wetvjnhllz jbveathvef qjv` {tifunvjib ghnjljvje~git midjle {tifunv~ hbf bevqitc jbgth~vtunvute jbbjbe niubvtje~3 Dthjl, N`jbh, Gjblhbf, UC, @ubahtz,Jbfjh, Mepjni, Timhbjh hbf iuv` Citeh" V`e
jb-`iu~e {tifunvjib jbnlufe~ mite v`hb 8;; djlljib{htv~, git jb~vhbne ~emjnibfunvit~, mjnti{tine~-~it~, memitz fewjne~ hbf fj~{lhz~" Jb 4;8;, mitev`hb 6;; mjlljib midjle fewjne~ qete ~`j{{efdevqeeb v`e 87; niubvtje~ q`ete v`e nim{hbz`h~ nimmetnjhl {te~ebne, jllu~vthvjba v`e epveb~jwejbvth-tm vthfe qjv`jb v`e nim{hbz, ebhdljba nib-vtil iwet v`e {tifunvjib {tine~~ hbf nu~vimjhvjib"
^iutne~? Bicjh qed~jve3 IENF (4;88*
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BEQ VTHB^HVLHBVJN VTHFE
LEHFET^@J[
Jb te~{ib~e vi v`e~e tenebv n`hbae~ jb v`e fz-
bhmjn~ ig v`e alidhl enibimz, aiwetbmebv~ hte
hfou~vjba v`ejt vthfe {iljnje~" [et`h{~ mi~v jm-
{itvhbvlz, v`j~ h~ te~ulvef jb h atehvet em{`h-~j~ ib [tegetebvjhl Vthfe Hateemebv~ ([VH~*,
it Gtee Vthfe Hateemebv~ (GVH~* h~ v`ez hte
hl~i nhllef" Jb ghnv, v`e qitlfqjfe {tiljgeth-
vjib ig [VH~ ~uaae~v~ v`hv, fe~{jve v`e Fi`h
jm{h~~e, v`ete j~ ~vjll hb h{{evjve git vthfe ljd-
ethljhvjib" V`e atiqjba bumdet ig [VH~ hbf
v`ejt jbnteh~jba jm{itvhbne hl~i ve~vjgje~ vi
nibvjbuef hnvjwj~m hmiba {iljnzmhcet~"
V`e tj~jba h{{ehl ig {tegetebvjhl vthfe hatee-
mebv~ j~ ubfet~vhbfhdle ajweb v`e mulvjlhvethl
fehflinc" Jv j~ vtue v`hv mhbz ig v`e~e hatee-
mebv~ (~ewethl EU hbf U"^" [VH~ dejba v`e ep-
ne{vjib~* vebf vi de {iljvjnhl jb bhvute hbf fi
biv jb tehljvz ai wetz ght jb gteejba u{ vthfe hbf
jbwe~vmebv" Jv j~ hl~i vtue v`hv ~un` hateemebv~
nibvthfjnv v`e liba-n`etj~`ef {tjbnj{le ig bib-
fj~ntjmjbhvjib jb qitlf vthfe {iljnz" @iqewet,
v`e qitlf j~ biv hb jfehl {lhne hbf {tegetebvjhl
vthfe hateemebv~ biq aiwetb, it hwe hb jm{hnv
ib, h biv jb~jabjnhbv hmiubv ig qitlf vthfe,
h~ teniubvef dz v`e QVI Qitlf Vthfe Te{itv
4;884" V`eiliajnhl fedhve~ hdiuv v`e telhvjwe
metjv~ ig mulvjlhvethlj~m wet~u~ djlhvethlj~m
mu~v v`etegite de {lhnef jb v`e nibvepv ig q`hv
`h~ `h{{ebef jb v`e tehl qitlf" [tegetebvjhl
hateemebv~ `hwe div` v`ejt hfwhbvhae~ hbf
fj~hfwhbvhae~" V`hv j~ biv h ~jvuhvjib ubjxue vi
djlhvethl vthfe ~vthveaje~? mulvjlhvethl hbf ubj-
lhvethl ~vthveaje~ hl~i `hwe v`ejt fj~hfwhbvhae~"
^i v`e n`hllebae biq j~ biv vi vtz vi ~evvle v`e fe-
dhve iwet q`ev`et djlhvethl ~vthveaje~ hte aiif
it dhf" Thv`et, v`e n`hllebae j~ vi fe~jab vthfe~vthveaje~ q`ev`et v`ez de djlhvethl, teajibhl
it mulvjlhvethl - v`hv nhb aebethve atiqv` hbf
oid~ hbf hv v`e ~hme vjme mhbhae v`e~e ~vthve-
aje~ jb h qhz v`hv ulvjmhvelz ntehve~ {i~jvjwe veb-
~jib~ git v`e qitlf vthfjba ~z~vem h~ h q`ile ~i
4 QVI Qitlf Vthfe Te{itv 4;88" V`e QVI hbf {tege-tebvjhl vthfe hateemebv~? Gtim ni-epj~vebne vi ni`etebne,hwhjlhdle hv? `vv{?))qqq"qvi"ita)ebalj~`)te~Ye)diic~{Ye)hbte{Ye)qitlfYvthfeYte{itv88Ye"{fg
v`hv v`ez ewebvuhllz te~ulv jb vthfe ljdethljhvjib
alidhllz ib h bib-fj~ntjmjbhvitz dh~j~"
V`j~ j~ biv h beq gitmulh git mhcjba {tiate~~
ib vthfe {iljnz hv v`e alidhl lewel" Jb {h~v fen-
hfe~, epvetbhl {te~~ute~ `hwe {u~`ef niubvtje~
vi te-nib~jfet {tewjiu~ {iljnje~ i{vjba git v`e
~vhvu~ xui thv`et v`hb ljdethljhvjib" Git ephm-
{le, v`e Cebbefz Tiubf ig vthfe beaivjhvjib~
qh~ jbjvjhvef dz v`e Ubjvef ^vhve~ hbf iv`et
niubvtje~ jb te~{ib~e vi Euti{e~ fenj~jib vi
ntehve h Nimmib Mhtcev" Iv`et niubvtje~, e~-
{enjhllz v`e Ubjvef vhve~, gehtef v`hv v`e eljmj-
bhvjib ig vhtjgg~ jb jbvth-Euti{ehb vthfe qiulf
fj~hfwhbvhae Hmetjnhb tm~ nim{evjba qjv`
Euti{ehb tm~ jb Euti{e" i Qh~`jbavib nhllef
git h ~ud~vhbvjhl nuv jb vhtjgg~ qitlfqjfe" Mite
tenebvlz, jb v`e ehtlz 8::;~, beq ebetaz qh~ jb-
oenvef jbvi q`hv v`eb liicef vi de h ghjlef Utu-
auhz Tiubf dz v`e Euti{ehb nimmjvmebv vi
ntehve h ^jbale Mhtcev hbf v`e U"^" nim{levjib
ig v`e Bitv` Hmetjnhb Gtee Vthfe Hateemebv"
Qe biq h{{eht vi de hv h ~jmjlht ~vhae q`eb
~jabjnhbv epvetbhl {te~~ute j~ beefef vi te-jbwjaithve v`e mulvjlhvethl {tine~~" H vthb~hv-
lhbvjn vthfe jbjvjhvjwe j~ htauhdlz ibe ig v`e geq
jbjvjhvjwe~ v`hv nhb aebethve ebiua` iuv~jfe
{te~~ute vi mivjwhve niubvtje~ vi tenimmjv
v`em~elwe~ vi ~ud~vhbvjhl vthfe ljdethljhvjib"
Jb ~`eet enibimjn vetm~, v`e U"^" hbf v`e EU
~`hte v`e qitlf~ lhtae~v nti~~-ditfet mhtcev
git vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv" V`ez eboiz ght `ja`et
AF[ {et nh{jvh v`hb hbz ig v`e lhtaet emeta-
jba enibimje~" V`ez temhjb v`e iblz hnvit~ ib
DIP 6" MI^V-GHWITEF BHVJIB HBF[TEGETEBVJHL HNNE^^
Mi~v-ghwitef-bhvjib vtehvmebv (MGB* j~ h nite idlj-ahvjib ig v`e QVI texujtjba v`hv h niubvtz j~ nim-mjvvef vi ajwe ehn` ig jv~ vthfjba {htvbet~ v`e de~v
vtehvmebv jv ajwe~ vi hbz ig v`em" Viaev`et qjv`bhvjibhl vtehvmebv, MGB emdifje~ v`e {tjbnj{le igbib-fj~ntjmjbhvjib jb v`e qitlf vthfjba ~z~vem"Niubvtje~ hte iqewet hlliqef vi ajwe {tegeteb-
vjhl vtehvmebv it mhtcev hnne~~ vi ibe it ~ewethlvthfjba {htvbet~ dz gitmjba h gtee vthfe hteh" AHVVHtvjnle PPJW hlliq~ git {tegetebvjhl vhtjgg eljmjbhvjibib aiif~ qjv`jb gtee vthfe hteh~ {tiwjfef v`hv v`ehateemebv niwet~ ~ud~vhbvjhllz hll vthfe devqeebv`e nib~vjvuebv vettjvitje~" AHV^ Htvjnle W, q`jn`e~vhdlj~`e~ v`e ~hme texujtemebv, h{{lje~ jb v`eelf ig vthfe jb ~etwjne~"
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v`e qitlf vthfe ~nebe v`hv {i~~e~~ v`e texuj-
~jve ~nhle, ep{etjebne, {iljvjnhl ~cjll~ hbf jb~vj-
vuvjibhl mhn`jbetz vi lehf alidhl vthfe jbjvjh-
vjwe~, fe~{jve v`e telhvjwe fenljbe jb v`ejt alidhl
enibimjn jm{itvhbne hbf jbgluebne" Vthb~-
hvlhbvjn vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv j~ v`e ~iutne ig
mhbz oid~ hbf hb eweb atehvet {ivebvjhl ~vjmu-
lu~ git atiqv`" Jb 4;8;, djlhvethl vthfe hnti~~
v`e Hvlhbvjn jb aiif~ hlibe vivhlef &716 djlljib"
Jbfeef, Euti{ehb~ diua`v v`tee vjme~ h~ mhbz
Hmetjnhb metn`hbfj~e ep{itv~ h~ fjf v`e N`j-
be~e hbf gveeb vjme~ mite v`hb v`e Jbfjhb~"
^jmjlhtlz, v`e Euti{ehb Ubjib ~ilf v`e Ubjvef
^vhve~ behtlz vqi vjme~ v`e hmiubv ig aiif~ jv
~ilf vi N`jbh hbf behtlz ~eweb vjme~ q`hv jv
~ilf vi Jbfjh"
DIP 5" V@E VTHB^HVLHBVJN ENIBIMZ JB HALIDHL NIBVEPV
V`e Vthb~hvlhbvjn enibimz te{te~ebv~ 56%ig qitlf AF[ (4;88*
V`e EU hbf U"^" hnniubv git 40"4 % igalidhl ep{itv~ ig aiif~3 >>"6% ig alidhljm{itv~ (4;;:*"
V`e U"^" hbf EU hte v`e ~iutne~ ig 74":% igjbqhtf ~vinc ig GFJ3 15">% ig iuvqhtf GFJ~vinc jb v`e qitlf (4;;:*"
78% ig hll jm{itv~ vi v`e U"^" gtim v`e EU jb4;;: nib~j~vef ig jbvth-tm vthfe, >8 % igU"^" ep{itv~ vi v`e EU qh~ jbvth-tm
^iutne? @hmjlvib, F" Hbf Xujblhb, O" (4;88* V`eVthb~hvlhbvjn Enibimz 4;88, Nebvet git Vthb~hvlhb-vjn Telhvjib~
Fe~{jve v`e mhabjvufe ig vthb~hvlhbvjn aiif~
vthfe, vthb~hvlhbvjn gitejab jbwe~vmebv j~ hb
eweb atehvet ftjwjba gitne jb v`e enibimjn te-
lhvjib~`j{" V`e ~vinc hbf iq ig vthb~hvlhbvjn
jbwe~vmebv fqhtg~ v`e iq ig aiif~ hbf j~ h
cez ghnvit jb Hmetjnhb hbf Euti{ehb oid nteh-
vjib hbf {ti~{etjvz" V`e Ubjvef ^vhve~ j~ v`e
tenj{jebv ig behtlz v`tee-xuhtvet~ ig Euti{ehb
gitejab fjtenv jbwe~vmebv hbf Euti{e tenejwe~
mite v`hb `hlg ig U"^" iwet~eh~ jbwe~vmebv"
V`tee hbf h `hlg mjlljib Euti{ehb~ biq qitc
git Hmetjnhb nim{hbje~ jb Euti{e hbf h ~jmj-
lht bumdet ig Hmetjnhb~ qitc git Euti{ehb
tm~ jb v`e Ubjvef vhve~" un` jbwe~vmebv hl~i
ftjwe~ djlhvethl vthfe iq~, qjv` h v`jtf ig U"^"
ep{itv~ vi v`e EU hbf v`tee-gv`~ ig jv~ jm{itv~
gtim v`e EU hnniubvef git dz jbvth-nim{hbz
GJAUTE 4" U"^" VTHFE JB AIIF^ QJV@ V@E EU (DB U^F*
DIP 7" V@E JM[ITVHBNE IG GITEJABFJTENV JBWE^VMEBV (GFJ*
U"^" iuvqhtf GFJ vi Euti{e hmiubvef vi &8"8vtjlljib jb 4;8;, j"e" 54 % ig vivhl U"^" GFJ" Jbnim{htj~ib, >"1% ig vivhl U"^" GFJ qh~ fe~vj-
bef git v`e DTJN niubvtje~" Futjba Ohb-^e{v 4;8;, v`e jbiq ig jbwe~vmebv
gtim Euti{e vi v`e U"^" hmiubvef vi &8;7djlljib, lef dz v`e Bev`etlhbf~, UC, qjvetlhbf,Jtelhbf, Aetmhbz hbf Gthbne" Jb 4;;;-4;8;,17% ig vivhl GFJ jbiq vi v`e U^ nhme gtimEuti{e" V`e EU GFJ vi v`e U"^" jb 4;;: (8"8vtjlljib* qh~ ~jabjnhbvlz ja`et v`hb v`e nimdj-bef EU jbwe~vmebv jb N`jbh (50"> djlljib* hbfJbfjh (41"4 djlljib*"
^iutne? @hmjlvib, F" Hbf Xujblhb, O" (4;88* V`eVthb~hvlhbvjn Enibimz 4;88, Nebvet git Vthb~hvlhb-vjn Telhvjib~
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vthfe" V`e Atehv Tene~~jib lef vi h ghlligg jb
vthb~hvlhbvjn jbwe~vmebv jb 4;;0" Duv ajweb
v`e ~vtebav` hbf te~jljebne ig v`e vthb~hvlhbvjn
nh{jvhl mhtcev, vthb~hvlhbvjn jbwe~vmebv fjf biv
fenljbe behtlz h~ mun` h~ div` Euti{ehb hbf
Hmetjnhb jbwe~vmebv fjf qjv` v`jtf niubvtje~,
~un` h~ N`jbh, hbf jv h~ ~jbne tediubfef"
Bivqjv`~vhbfjba v`e jm{itvhbne ig vthb~hvlhb-
vjn iq~ ig vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv jb v`e aiif~
~envit~, jv j~ v`e ~etwjne~ ~envit~ ig v`e Ubjvef
^vhve~ hbf Euti{e v`hv te{te~ebv v`e ~lee{jba
ajhbv ig vthb~hvlhbvjn enibimjn telhvjib~" Jbv`j~ teahtf, Euti{ehb niubvtje~ hnniubv git we
ig v`e vi{ veb ep{itv mhtcev~ git U"^" ~etwjne~
{tiwjfet~" U"^" ep{itv ig ~etwjne~ vi v`e EU jb-
nteh~ef fthmhvjnhllz gtim h{{tipjmhvelz &8;;
djlljib jb 8::1 vi hlmi~v &4;; djlljib jb 4;;:"
Miteiwet, ~hle~ ig ~etwjne~ dz Euti{ehb hglj-
hve~ jb v`e Ubjvef ^vhve~ hte mite v`hb fiudle
v`e whlue ig ep{itv~ ig Euti{ehb ~etwjne~ vi v`e
Ubjvef vhve~, h ~jab ig v`e atiqjba {te~ebne ig
EU ~etwjne~ {tiwjfet~ jb v`e Hmetjnhb mhtcev">
Q`hv hte v`e jm{ljnhvjib~ ig v`j~ git guvute
vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv nii{eth-
vjib9 V`e hb~qet j~ xujve ~jm{le" H vthb~hvlhb-
vjn enibimjn {iljnz haebfh fe~jabef vi {ti-
mive oid~ hbf atiqv` jb Euti{e hbf v`e Ubjvef
^vhve~ mu~v t~v hbf gitemi~v de dh~ef ib hb
i{eb vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv {iljnz qjv` v`e
hjm ig dii~vjba enibimjn qelghte v`tiua` eweb
> @hmjlvib ' Xujblhb (4;88*
atehvet iq~ ig vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe hbf jbwe~v-
mebv" Jb itfet vi hn`jewe v`j~, `iqewet, h mite
hnvjwe nimmjvmebv hbf ebahaemebv vi temiwe
v`e temhjbjba dhttjet~ vi vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv
j~ e~~ebvjhl, div` hnti~~ v`e Hvlhbvjn hbf jb v`e
mulvjlhvethl ~evvjba" Jb v`j~ teahtf, v`e gilliq-
jba {tjbnj{le~ qiulf ~eem telewhbv"
H" Jb itfet vi tehgtm v`ejt {iljvjnhl nim-
mjvmebv vi {tiwjfjba lehfet~`j{ git
v`e alidhl enibimz, v`e U"^" hbf v`e
EU ~`iulf oijbvlz feweli{ h liba-vetm
~vthveajn wj~jib git div` v`e vthb~-hvlhbvjn hbf v`e alidhl enibimje~"
D" [ti-nim{evjvjwe tegitm~ ~`iulf de {htv
ig v`ejt oijbv ~vthveaz vi {timive eni-
bimjn atiqv`" V`j~ texujte~ div` ~vtun-
vuthl tegitm~ fime~vjnhllz h~ qell h~ eweb
atehvet i{ebbe~~ vi jbvetbhvjibhl vthfe"
N" V`ete j~ h beef git h gutv`et fee{ebjba
hbf dtihfebjba ig v`e vthb~hvlhbvjn mht-cev{lhne jb itfet git v`e U"^" hbf Euti{e
vi {tiwjfe eggenvjwe lehfet~`j{ git v`e
alidhl enibimz jb v`e guvute"
V`e mj~~jba elemebv j~ `iq qe {uv v`e~e
{tjbnj{le~ jbvi {thnvjne" Lehfet~ tenebvlz e~-
vhdlj~`ef h @ja` Lewel Qitcjba Atiu{ vi ll
jb v`j~ ntjvjnhllz jm{itvhbv ah{" V`e gilliqjba
n`h{vet~ jb v`j~ te{itv hte hb eggitv vi el{ v`j~
jm{itvhbv jbjvjhvjwe ~unneef"
GJAUTE >" EU VTHFE JB AIIF^ QJV@ V@E U^ (DB U^F*
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Dz gutv`et ~vtebav`ebjba v`e vthb~hvlhb-
vjn vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv telhvjib~`j{, v`e U"^"
hbf v`e EU nhb aebethve hffjvjibhl atiqv` hbf
oid~ hbf hahjb {lhz v`e lehfet~`j{ tile ben-
e~~htz vi aebethve beq mimebvum git alidhlenibimjn ljdethljhvjib" Jm{itvhbvlz, v`e~e
{ti{i~ef vthb~hvlhbvjn jbjvjhvjwe~ (h~ ~`iulf de
v`e nh~e qjv` jbjvjhvjwe~ qjv` iv`et aeiath{`j-
nhl atiu{jba~* ~`iulf ewebvuhllz de i{ebef vi
{htvjnj{hvjib dz iv`et niubvtje~ qjlljba vi oijb
ib v`e ~hme nibfjvjib~"
Vthb~hvlhbvjn enibimjn jbveathvjib q`ev`-
et meh~utef dz nti~~-ditfet vthfe it nti~~-
ditfet jbwe~vmebv `h~ {tiate~~ef ~vehfjlz
jb tenebv fenhfe~, fue jb {htv div` vi ~{enjndjlhvethl {iljnje~ h~ qell h~ hnvjwe {htvjnj{hvjib
dz div` v`e U"^" hbf v`e EU jb {h~v mulvjlhvethl
beaivjhvjib~" H~ {tewjiu~lz fj~nu~~ef hbf fem-
ib~vthvef, Euti{ehb hbf Hmetjnhb mhtcev~ hte
`ehwjlz jbveathvef hbf nuttebv nimmetnjhl ep-
n`hbae~ devqeeb v`e Ubjvef vhve~ hbf v`e Eu-
ti{ehb Ubjib hte h~ lhtae h~ ewet" [tjwhve ~envit
jbveathvjib nibvtjduve~ vi atiqv` hbf qelghte
jb div` enibimje~"
Dz nibvth~v, djlhvethl vthfe {iljnz nii{ethvjib
jb tenebv zeht~ `h~ deeb le~~ v`hb i{vjmhl" Jm-
{efjmebv~ vi vthfe temhjb, {tjmhtjlz jb v`e
gitm ig bib-vhtjgg dhttjet~ hbf fj~{htjvje~ jb
`iq ~etwjne~ hte teaulhvef" Vhtjgg~ hte ~vjll h
buj~hbne jb mhbz ~envit~, eweb jg hwethae vhtjgg~
ib div` ~jfe~ hte telhvjwelz liq"
[tewjiu~ vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe jbjvjhvjwe~ `hwe
vtjef vi hffte~~ ~ime ig v`e~e dhttjet~" Mi~v
tenebvlz, v`e Vthb~hvlhbvjn Enibimjn Niub-
njl fjtenvef jv~ hvvebvjib {tjmhtjlz vi ~{enjn
BVD~ hbf teaulhvitz fjggetebne~ jb cez ~envit~duv qjv` ljvvle ~unne~~" Vhlc~ hwe deeb ~vunc ib
ven`bjnhl teaulhvjib~ hbf ~hgevz texujtemebv~"
Ajweb v`j~ tenebv `j~vitz, ibe j~ ou~vjef jb h~c-
jba q`z v`ete ~`iulf de zev hbiv`et hvvem{v hv
gitajba nli~et enibimjn {iljnz nii{ethvjib de-
vqeeb Euti{e hbf v`e Ubjvef ^vhve~"
V`e hb~qet j~ ~vthja`vgitqhtf" Hmetjnh hbf
Euti{e temhjb v`e vqi ajhbv~ ig v`e qitlf
enibimz q`i hte de~v hdle vi {tiwjfe alidhl
enibimjn {iljnz lehfet~`j{" Jb v`j~ teahtf, v`e
EU hbf v`e U"^" ~vjll fimjbhve q`eb hll v`e ghn-
vit~ ig lehfet~`j{ hte vhceb h~ h q`ile? vthfe
jb aiif~ hbf ~etwjne~, jbbiwhvjib, {hvebv~ hbf
vthfemhtc~, mulvjbhvjibhl ebvet{tj~e~, h~ qellh~ jbvhbajdle ~igv {iqet ghnvit~" V`ez aebet-
hllz `hwe h ~`htef vthb~hvlhbvjn wj~jib ig q`hv
~`iulf de v`e guvute ig alidhl nimmetnjhl {il-
jnz" Duv {tewjiu~ hn`jewemebv~ nhbbiv de vhc-
eb git athbvef" V`ete j~ nuttebvlz h qittzjba
lhnc ig ebetaz jb v`e vthb~hvlhbvjn telhvjib~`j{"
[iljvjnhl lehfet~ ib div` ~jfe~ hte fee{lz nib-
netbef hdiuv enibimjn mhvvet~ telhvef vi h tj~-
jba H~jh zev v`ez ~elfim mhce v`e nibbenvjib
devqeeb iq atehvet vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe nii{-
ethvjib nhb nibvtjduve iwet vjme vi jm{tiwefhnne~~ vi H~jhb mhtcev~" Git hbz beq vthb~hv-
lhbvjn jbjvjhvjwe vi deht gtujv, v`hv nibbenvjib
beef~ vi de mhfe nlehtet vi {iljnzmhcet~"
V`e thvjibhle git atehvet vthb~hvlhbvjn nimmet-
njhl nii{ethvjib h~ atiqb ~vtibaet h~ div` EU
hbf U" " {iljnzmhcet~ ~vtuaale vi bf qhz~ vi
ntehve oid~ hbf enibimjn atiqv`" V`ete j~ hl-
tehfz h ~iljf giubfhvjib ib q`jn` vi dujlf, hbf
gutv`et vthb~hvlhbvjn enibimjn jbveathvjib qjll
aebethve mite debev~ v`hb hbz iv`et djlhvethlhateemebv~ v`hv nhb de ebwj~jibef" Miteiwet,
v`e enibimjn hbf {iljvjnhl ahjb~ gtim miw-
jba h`ehf qjv` h mite {tihnvjwe vthb~hvlhbvjn
enibimz {iljnz hte ~ud~vhbvjhl" Jb v`j~ teahtf,
v`ete j~ ~iljf {udljn ~u{{itv ib div` ~jfe~ ig v`e
Hvlhbvjn git fee{et nimmetnjhl vje~" Dz vqi vi
ibe, 50% vi 40%, Hmetjnhb~ v`jbc jbnteh~ef
vthfe qjv` Euti{e qiulf de aiif git v`e Ubjv-
ef ^vhve~, hnnitfjba vi h lhve 4;8; [eq ~utwez"
V`j~ nibtm~ v`e te~ulv~ ig v`e mite jb-fe{v`
4;;1 AMG Vthfe hbf [iwetvz ~utwez v`hv giubfv`hv h beq eggitv vi fee{eb v`e enibimjn vje~
devqeeb v`e EU hbf v`e Ubjvef ^vhve~ dz mhc-
jba vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv eh~jet,
qh~ ~u{{itvef dz 76% ig Hmetjnhb~ hbf 7:%
ig Euti{ehb~"6
6 V`e Aetmhb Mht~`hll Gubf ig v`e Ubjvef vhve~ (4;;1*[et~{envjwe~ ib Vthfe hbf [iwetvz Tefunvjib" H utwez ig[udljn I{jbjib" 4;;1 Cez Gjbfjba~ Te{itv" Qh~`jbavib,FN? AMG" Hwhjlhdle hv vv{?))qqq"amgu~"ita)enibimjn~)v{~utwez)4;;1V[^utwez-GJBHL"{fg
MIWJBA VI H DHTTJET-GTEE VTHB^HVLHBVJN MHTCEV
8/2/2019 A NEW ERA FOR TRANSATLANTIC TRADE LEADERSHIP (Eng) / Una nueva era para el liderazgo del comercio trasatl
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8:
H beq vthb~hvlhbvjn jbjvjhvjwe fe~jabef vi lehf
vi h dhttjet-gtee vthb~hvlhbvjn mhtcev{lhne git
vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv qjll texujte ~vtiba, ja`-
lewel {iljvjnhl nimmjvmebv gtim v`e [te~jfebv
ig v`e Ubjvef ^vhve~, v`e U"^" Nibate~~, v`e
`ehf~ ig ~vhve~ it aiwetbmebv~ jb v`e EU mem-
det ~vhve~, v`e Euti{ehb [htljhmebv hbf v`e Eu-
ti{ehb Nimmj~~jib" Hnvjwe jbwilwemebv ig {tj-
whve ~envit ~vhce`ilfet~ hbf teaulhvit~ j~ hl~i
jm{ethvjwe" Ghjlute j~ biv hb i{vjib3 v`e ni~v~
vi v`e vthb~hvlhbvjn telhvjib~`j{ hbf vi v`e ali-
dhl vthfjba ~z~vem ig hbiv`et fj~h{{ijbvmebv
qiulf ~jm{lz de vii `ja`"
H DHTTJET-GTEE VTHB^HVLHBVJN
MHTCEV? [ILJNZ TENIMMEBFHVJIB^
GIT V@E QHZ GITQHTF
Vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv ni-
i{ethvjib ig v`e cjbf ~uaae~vef jb v`j~ te{itv
beef~ vi de nhttjef iuv ~z~vemhvjnhllz hbf iwet
h libaet {etjif ig vjme" Q`jle mhbz {ei{le, te-
nebvlz hbf jb v`e {h~v, hwe ebvetvhjbef v`e bi-
vjib ig h vthb~hvlhbvjn [VH, qe `hwe tegthjbef
gtim {lhnjba iut ~uaae~vjib~ ubfet h ~{enjn
lhdel" V`j~ te{itv netvhjblz ~ev~ iuv hb haebfh
git hmdjvjiu~ hbf nim{te`eb~jwe djlhvethl
vthfe ljdethljhvjib? qe ebwj~jib ljdethljhvjibig vthfe jb aiif~ hbf ~etwjne~ gtim beaivjhvjib~
v`hv gtee u{ ~ud~vhbvjhllz hll vthfe" @iqewet, qe
hl~i ai dezibf vthfjvjibhl nim{ibebv~ ig h [VH
dz nhlljba git ~vthveajn nii{ethvjib iwet h qjfet
~ev ig j~~ue~, jbnlufjba jbwe~vmebv, [VH {iljnz
viqhtf~ v`jtf niubvtje~, hbf eggitv~ vi jm{tiwe
ljdethljhvjib hbf tule~ hv v`e QVI" Iut jbveb-
vjib j~ vi {ti{i~e jbjvjhvjwe~ v`hv vhce u~ nli~et
vi h dhttjet-gtee vthb~hvlhbvjn mhtcev" V`e ginu~
ig v`j~ hbf ~ud~exuebv n`h{vet~ j~ ib v`e ~{e-
njn jbjvjhvjwe~ qe deljewe hte jm{itvhbv" Mhbzig v`e~e jbjvjhvjwe~ qjll texujte gutv`et ~ni{jba
qitc dz ignjhl~ degite jv j~ {i~~jdle vi febe
ephnvlz q`hv djlhvethl beaivjhvjib~ ~`iulf fi
hbf `iq v`ez qjll ljbc u{ qjv` hmdjvjib~ qe
`hwe git QVI beaivjhvjib~"
Eljmjbhvjba vhtjgg~ jb vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe
H cez elemebv jb ntehvjba h dhttjet-gtee vthb~-
hvlhbvjn mhtcev{lhne j~ git v`e U"^" hbf v`e EU
vi eljmjbhve hll vhtjgg~ ib aiif~ vthfef hnti~~
v`e Hvlhbvjn v`tiua` h nim{te`eb~jwe djlhvethl
h{{tihn` ewebvuhllz i{eb vi iv`et~ v`hv niulf
hl~i nibvhjb ~envithl gehvute~"
Eljmjbhvjba vhtjgg~ djlhvethllz ib h {tegetebvjhl
dh~j~ qjll {timive atiqv` hbf oid~ v`tiua`hffjvjibhl vthfe" @iqewet, ~un` h fehl niulf
hbf ~`iulf ewilwe iwet vjme jbvi hb hateemebv
qjv` iv`et niubvtje~" V`e EU hbf v`e U"^" `hwe
nib~j~vebvlz deeb {u~`jba git wetz hmdjvjiu~
vhtjgg tefunvjib~ hbf eljmjbhvjib~ jb v`e Fi`h
Tiubf" V`ejt djlhvethl eljmjbhvjib ig ~un` fu-
vje~ niulf ~{ut iv`et~ vi oijb v`em"
DIP 1" [EHC VHTJGG^ JB V@E UBJVEF
^VHVE^ HBF V@E EU"
Fe~{jve telhvjwelz liq lewel~ ig hwethae vhtjgg~, {ehcvhtjgg~ temhjb" V`e EU h{{lje~ {htvjnulhtlz ja`vhtjgg~ jb netvhjb nhveaitje~, ~un` h~ vidhnni hbfnjahtevve~ (:0%, qeja`vef MGB hwethae*, vepvjle~,nliv`jba, h{{htel hbf hnne~~itje~ (8;-8>%*, fhjtz{tifunv~ (84%*, weaevhdle~ hbf tiiv~, ~uaht, niv-vib, zhtb, giivqeht, lehv`et hbf nethmjn~ (1-0%*"H~ git v`e U"^", `ja` vhtjgg~ h{{lz vi vidhnni hbfnjahtevve~ (68%, qeja`vef MGB hwethae*, hbf vi~uaht hbf nibgenvjibetz (>8%*, mehv (>;%*, fhjtz{tifunv~, dewethae~, weaevhdle~ (44-4>%*, giif{te{hthvjib~ (48%*, ~` hbf mehv {te{hthvjib~(8:%*, vepvjle~, nliv`jba, h{{htel hbf hnne~~itje~3{te{hthvjib~ ig netehl hbf iut, {h~vh (85-87%*,ninih hbf n`inilhve~ (8>%*, gut, giivqeht h~ qellh~ ijl ~eef~ (84%*"
^iutne? Qjv~)Vthjb~
Vhtjgg eljmjbhvjib j~ jm{itvhbv git v`e vthb~hv-
lhbvjn enibimz" Vhtjgg~ bi libaet te{te~ebv v`e
mhjb id~vhnle~ vi vthfe" Hwethae vhtjgg~ jb v`e
U"^" hbf v`e EU hte telhvjwelz liq, jb v`e 5-1%
thbae, hlv`iua` qjv` `ja`et-v`hb-hwethae vht-
jgg~ ib mhbz hatjnulvuthl {tifunv~ hbf liqet-
v`hb-hwethae vhtjgg~ ib jbfu~vtjhl hbf nib~um-et aiif~ (mi~v ig v`e ~i-nhllef {ehc vhtjgg~ jb
v`e EU hbf v`e U"^" hte jb v`e hatjnulvuthl hbf
giif ~envit*" Duv vhtjgg~ ~`iulf de {htv ig h beq
vthb~hvlhbvjn jbjvjhvjwe git h bumdet ig teh~ib~"
Gjt~v, vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe j~ n`hthnvetjef dz h
~jabjnhbv hmiubv ig jbvth-tm vthfe hbf vthfe
jb jbvetmefjhve aiif~" Eweb ~mhll vhtjgg~ nhb
`hwe h fhm{ebjba eggenv ib nib~um{vjib hbf
{tifunvjib" ^jbne mhbz Euti{ehb hbf Hmetj-
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nhb nim{hbje~ hte fe{ebfebv ib jm{itvef
jb{uv~ git {tine~~jba git n`emjnhl~ hbf {lh~-
vjn~, git ephm{le v`e bev eggenv ig mhbz liq
vhtjgg~ jb v`e ~u{{lz n`hjb nhb ~vjll hmiubv vi h
~jabjnhbv vthfe dhttjet" Vhtjgg~ hggenv biv iblz
v`e ni~v~ ig {tifunv~ v`hv hte nib~umef it u~ef
git {tifunvjib qjv`jb v`e niubvtz, duv v`ez hte
jb {thnvjne h vhp ib jbvth-nit{ithve vthb~get~ ig
aiif~" H~ ~un`, vhtjgg~ tefune v`e nim{evjvjwe-
be~~ ig nim{hbje~ q`i u~e jm{itvef aiif~ git
h~~emdljba hbf te-ep{itvjba bhl {tifunv~"
V`e jbveb~e jbvth-jbfu~vtz vthfe hnti~~ v`e Hv-
lhbvjn j~ jllu~vthvef dz v`e ephm{le ig v`e Wilwi
^6;, q`jn` ~`iq~ `iq jbvetvqjbef v`e vthb~-
hvlhbvjn enibimz j~"5 Vhtjgg~ ib jb{uv aiif~ hte
biv eggenvjwelz {tivenvjba Euti{ehb nim{evj-
vit~ jb v`j~ nh~e, duv hte metelz jbnteh~jba v`eni~v~ ig {tifunvjib" Eljmjbhvjib ig telhvjwelz
liq vhtjgg~ ib jbvetmefjhve aiif~ nhb v`etegite
`hwe jm{itvhbv {i~jvjwe eggenv~ ib vthfe hbf
nim{evjvjwebe~~, div` git ~mhll hbf mefjum-
~jef ebvet{tj~e~ hbf git alidhl gjtm~ qjv`
5 Wilwi Nht~ qh~ ubvjl tenebvlz hb Hmetjnhb tm, duv h~biq deeb {utn`h~ef dz v`e N`jbe~e tm Aeelz @ilfjbaAtiu{" V`j~ mhz jb guvute n`hbae v`e ~iutnjba {hvvetb igWilwi nht {tifunvjib"
epveb~jwe ~u{{lz n`hjb~ hbf ~jabjnhbv jbvth-
tm vthfe" Temiwjba vhtjgg~ j~ h nibnteve qhz
vi jm{tiwe v`e nibfjvjib~ git ebvte{tebeut~
hbf ~mhll nim{hbje~ qjv` liq {tiv mhtajb~,
v`etedz {timivjba oid~ hbf jbbiwhvjib"
^enibf, vhtjgg eljmjbhvjib qjll {tidhdlz de {i-ljvjnhllz eh~jet vi hn`jewe v`hb iv`et vthfe te-
gitm~" Jv j~ mite vhbajdle hbf eh~jet vi hnnim-
{lj~` v`hb mhbz tefunvjib~ jb bib-vhtjgg vthfe
dhttjet~" @ebne, jbnlufjba h vhtjgg-nuvvjba ele-
mebv jb h beq vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe ~vthveaz nhb
ntehve mimebvum hbf de h `el{gul we`jnle git
hfwhbnjba beaivjhvjib~ jb iv`et hteh~"
V`e {ivebvjhl qelghte ahjb~ git v`e vthb~hvlhbvjn
enibimz gtim h eti-vhtjgg hateemebv ib vthfe
jb aiif~ hte ljcelz vi de ~jabjnhbv" Dz wjtvue
ig jv~ ~`eet ~je hbf v`e lhtae featee ig jbvth-
tm hbf jbvth-jbfu~vtz vthfe, v`e vthb~hvlhbvjn
enibimz nhb atehvlz debev gtim v`e eljmjbh-
vjib ig vhtjgg~" Hnnitfjba vi h tenebv ~vufz7, v`e
7 Etjpib, G" hbf Dhuet, M" (4;8;* H Vthb~hvlhbvjn _etiHateemebv? E~vjmhvjba v`e Ahjb~ gtim Vthb~hvlhbvjn GteeVthfe jb Aiif~" ENJ[E, Innh~jibhl [h{et Bi"6)4;8;"Hwhjlhdle hv? `vv{?))enj{e"ita){udljnhvjib~)enj{e-innh~jibhl-{h{et~)h-vthb~hvlhbvjn-eti-hateemebv-e~vjmhvjba-v`e-ahjb~-gtim-vthb~hvlhbvjn-gtee-vthfe-jb-aiif~
GJAUTE 6" ALIDHLJ_EF ^U[[LZ N@HJB^? ^U[[LJET^ VI H WILWI ^6;
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{ivebvjhl fzbhmjn AF[ eggenv gtim vhtjgg eljmj-
bhvjib j~ e~vjmhvef vi de ;">-;"5% git v`e EU
hbf 8";-8">% git v`e U"^" V`j~ nitte~{ibf~ vi
qelghte ahjb~ ig &50-&07 djlljib (EU* hbf &5:-
&04 djlljib (U"^"*" V`hv qiulf de ~ud~vhbvjhllz
djaaet ahjb~ v`hb v`e EU it v`e U^ niulf aebet-
hve gtim iv`et [VH jbjvjhvjwe~"
H {tjbnj{le ig hbz djlhvethl EU-U"^" jbjvjhvjwe
qjv` te~{env vi vhtjgg~ ~`iulf de v`hv hbz iv`et
niubvtz qiulf de gtee vi oijb v`e hateemebv
{tiwjfef v`hv jv hnne{vef v`e nibfjvjib~ {ti-
wjfef git jb v`e hateemebv" Jbjvjhllz, v`e deb-
ev~ ig v`e vhtjgg nuv~ qiulf biv huvimhvjnhllz
de epvebfef vi iv`et niubvtje~" Jb iv`et qitf~,
gtee-tjfjba qiulf biv de hlliqef" Jb v`j~ qhz,
h djlhvethl vhtjgg fehl devqeeb v`e EU hbf v`e
U"^" j~ ljcelz vi ~{ut tebeqef jbvete~v jb iv`etniubvtje~ jb h alidhl vhtjgg-nuvvjba jbjvjhvjwe
it jb oijbjba ~un` hb jbjvjhvjwe" Jv j~ ibe v`jba
git h niubvtz vi te~j~v ljdethljhvjib jg jv h~ v`e
n`hbne vi dlinc jv3 jv j~ hbiv`et v`jba vi ~vhbf
iuv~jfe q`eb v`e vqi lhtae~v enibimje~ jb v`e
qitlf hte ntehvjba v`e lhtae~v vhtjgg-gtee mhtcev
jb `j~vitz" V`e tj~c ig li~jba nuttebv hbf guvute
ep{itv ~hle~ hbf mhtcev ~`hte jb v`e U"^" hbf
v`e EU j~ ljcelz vi de ebiua` vi {et~uhfe ~ime
niubvtje~{tjbnj{hllz iv`et feweli{ef niub-
vtje~ hbf mjffle-jbnime niubvtje~ qjv` ep{itv-itjebvef enibimje~ vi igget tenj{tinhl vhtjgg
eljmjbhvjib~"
BIB-VHTJGG DHTTJET^? H ^VHCE@ILFET
FTJWEB DIVVIM-U[ JBJVJHVJWE
H ~enibf cez elemebv ig vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe
nii{ethvjib j~ vi tefune bib-vhtjgg dhttjet~
(BVD~*" H tefunvjib ig BVD~ jb vthb~hvlhbvjn
vthfe qiulf dii~v vthfe, atiqv` hbf oid~" V`ete
hte mhbz ~vufje~ ig v`e {i~jvjwe eggenv~ gtim h
alidhl tefunvjib ig BVD~" V`e ~hme vz{e ig
ahjb~ qiulf hl~i de aebethvef jg v`e EU hbf v`e
U"^" nib~jfethdlz liqetef v`e bib-vhtjgg dhttj-
et~ v`hv Hmetjnhb~ hbf Euti{ehb~ ghne q`eb
v`ez vthfe qjv` ehn` iv`et" H ghjtlz tenebv ~vufz
~uaae~vef v`hv v`e (lhtaelz ~vhvjn* ahjb~ gtim h
5;% tefunvjib ig BVD~ qiulf dii~v AF[ dz
;"1% jb v`e EU hbf ;">% jb v`e U"^" V`j~ nitte-
~{ibf~ vi qelghte ahjb~ ig htiubf844 djlljib
jb v`e EU hbf &5> djlljib jb v`e U"^"1
Tefunvjib~ ig bib-vhtjgg dhttjet~ (BVD~*, ~un`
h~ ubbene~~htz hbf fj~ntjmjbhvitz teaulhvjib~,
tule~ hbf ~vhbfhtf~ jb ~{enjn {tifunv ~envit~,
hte mite fjgnulv vi hn`jewe v`hb vhtjgg nuv~,
{htvjnulhtlz jb h mulvjlhvethl ~evvjba hmiba hlhtae bumdet ig bhvjib~, ehn` qjv` jv~ iqb tea-
ulhvitz nulvute hbf vthfjvjib" Djlhvethl beaivjh-
vjib~, e~{enjhllz devqeeb v`e EU hbf v`e U"^",
q`jn` ~`hte nimmib whlue~ hbf h ~vtiba nim-
metnjhl jbvete~v jb temiwjba id~vhnle~ vi vthfe
hbf jbwe~vmebv, igget v`e atehve~v i{{itvubjvz
git tefunjba bib-vhtjgg dhttjet~" Hbz {tiate~~
v`ez mhce niulf ~etwe h~ h {lhvgitm git alidhl
BVD tefunvjib~"
Jb v`e lja`v ig v`j~, qe ~uaae~v h nimdjbef h{-{tihn` vi tefunjba vhtjgg~ hbf BVD~ ftjweb dz
v`e ep{te~~ef nibnetb~ ig enibimjn ~vhce`ilf-
et~ ib div` ~jfe~ ig v`e Hvlhbvjn" V`ez ~`iulf
qitc vi febe q`hv iuvnime v`ez qiulf ljce
vi ~ee gtim jbvetaiwetbmebvhl beaivjhvjib~ ib
BVD~" Hbf v`ejt {tjitjvje~ ~`iulf jbgitm v`e
beaivjhvjib~"
V`e mhbfhve ~`iulf teenv hb hmdjvjiu~ haeb-
fh" Qjv` te~{env vi vhtjgg~, v`e aihl ~`iulf de
vi eljmjbhve hll vhtjgg~ ib ~ud~vhbvjhllz hll vthfe,
jbnlufjba hatjnulvuthl aiif~" V`j~ qiulf hlliq
git h temiwhl ig hfmjbj~vthvjwe ni~v~ v`hv epj~v
teahtfle~~ ig v`e ~je ig v`e vhtjgg~" V`e BVD
beaivjhvjib~ ~`iulf hjm vi ai h~ ght h~ {i~~jdle
dh~ef ib v`e tehl jb{uv ig du~jbe~~ atiu{~ hbf
iv`et {tjwhve ~vhce`ilfet~"
V`j~ {tjwhve ~envit-ftjweb divvim-u{ h{{tihn`
qiulf hlliq git hb h{{ti{tjhvelz fe~jabef BVD
beaivjhvjba haebfh v`hv vhce~ jbvi hnniubv v`e
~{enjn beef~ ig v`e {tjwhve ~envit hbf v`e fjg-
getebv teaulhvitz ~vtunvute~ ig BVD~ jb whtj-iu~ hteh~ ig enibimjn hnvjwjvz" Tefunjba BVD~
texujte~ h {tigiubf ubfet~vhbfjba ig v`e {ut-
{i~e hbf gubnvjib ig teaulhvjib~ jb fjggetebv
~envit~ hbf v`hv j~ ~imev`jba v`hv jbfjwjfuhl
~vhce`ilfet~ igveb cbiq de~v" V`ete j~ hl~i
1 ENITZ^ (4;;:* Bib-Vhtjgg Meh~ute~ jb EU-U^ Vthfehbf Jbwe~vmebv? Hb Enibimjn Hbhlz~j~, hwhjlhdle hv? `vv{?))vthfe"en"euti{h"eu)finljd)fin~)4;;:)fenemdet)vth-finY86578>"{fg
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igveb h veb~jib devqeeb teaulhvit~ hbf beai-
vjhvit~, q`jn` h divvim-u{ {tine~~ qjv` bib-
aiwetbmebv hnvit~ niulf `el{ vi hmeljithve"
Dz eggenvjwelz {tiwjfjba {iljnzmhcet~ hbf be-
aivjhvit~ qjv` jb{uv hbf `hbf~-ib cbiqlefae
gtim v`e telewhbv {tjwhve ~envit ~vhce`ilfet~
v`hv hte dejba hggenvef dz v`e BVD~ jb xue~vjib,
v`j~ h{{tihn` qiulf h~~ute v`hv beaivjhvjba
idoenvjwe~ hte {ti{etlz jfebvjef hbf febef"
V`j~ ~envit-itjebvef h{{tihn` v`hv fthq~ ib
v`e jm{itvhbv cbiqlefae v`hv nim{hbje~ hbf
iv`et ~vhce`ilfet~ {i~~e~~ j~ v`etegite {teget-
hdle hbf mite tehlj~vjnhllz hn`jewhdle v`hb hbz
hvvem{vef aebethl `htmibjhvjib ig ~vhbfhtf~"
Qe ~uaae~v v`hv aiwetbmebv~ ~ev h vhtaev fhve
q`eb gitmhl beaivjhvjib~ devqeeb Euti{e hbf
v`e Ubjvef vhve~ qjll ~vhtv" Ubvjl v`eb, du~jbe~~hbf ghtmet~ h~~injhvjib~ hbf iv`et ~vhce`ilf-
et~, ~`iulf de ajweb vjme vi {te{hte {ti{i~hl~
git h beaivjhvjba haebfh, hbf eweb vi nime u{
qjv` h dlue{tjbv git hb hateemebv it ~{enjn
{htv~ ig hb hateemebv"
Q`jle v`e ~{enjgjnjvje~ ig v`e BVD haebfh
~`iulf de legv vi du~jbe~~ atiu{~ hbf iv`et
{tjwhve ~vhce`ilfet~ vi fevetmjbe, v`ete hte h
bumdet ig nib~jfethvjib~ v`hv ~`iulf de vhceb
jbvi hnniubv" V`e mi~v jm{itvhbv j~ vi de nlehthdiuv v`e aihl? teaulhvitz nii{ethvjib vi v`e
mhpjmum epvebv {i~~jdle"
Ephnvlz `iq vi ~vtunvute teaulhvitz nii{eth-
vjib j~ h fjgnulv xue~vjib" Q`jle ~ime ghwit
hateemebv ib dh~jn {tjbnj{le~ git teaulhvjib~,
iv`et~ {uv v`e em{`h~j~ ib teaulhvitz `ht-
mibjhvjib" Jv j~ igveb v`e hnvuhl BVD, it v`e
~envit jv nibnetb~, v`hv febe~ q`jn` mev`if
~vhbf~ v`e de~v n`hbne ig hn`jewjba v`e iwethll
aihl ig ni`etebne" V`j~ j~ q`z jv j~ jm{itvhbv vi
`hwe divvim-u{ {htvjnj{hvjib jb v`e gitmhvjib
ig hb BVD haebfh? jv qjll {uv v`e ginu~ ib v`e
hnvuhl BVD~ hbf v`e iwethll teaulhvitz nibvepv
git h ~envit thv`et v`hb ebahae ignjhl~ jb h fj~-
nu~~jib iwet {tjbnj{le~ hbf hdiuv q`hv aebethl
~vthveaz mhce~ v`e mi~v ~eb~e"
V`hv dejba ~hjf, `iqewet, muvuhl teniabjvjib
hateemebv~ (MTH* it eweb mite hmdjvjiu~ tea-
ulhvitz htmibjhvjib ~n`eme~ niulf {i~~jdlz
de u~ef vi tefune BVD~ jb ~ime ~envit~" Vthb~-
hvlhbvjn MTH~ git aiif~ niulf, git ephm{le,
fthq jb~{jthvjib gtim MTH~ devqeeb Hu~vthl-
jh hbf Beq _ehlhbf" Ubfet v`ejt hateemebv~,
v`e {tjbnj{le ig muvuhl teniabjvjib h{{lje~ dz
feghulv vi hll vthfe jb aiif~, uble~~ h {tifunv
ghll~ ubfet v`e nhveaitz ig {etmhbebv it vem-
{ithtz epem{vjib~" Fthqjba ib v`e~e mifel~,
v`e EU hbf v`e U"^" niulf u~e h beahvjwe lj~vjba
h{{tihn` vi teniabjvjib ig ~vhbfhtf~ (teniabj-
jba hbf hnne{vjba ehn` iv`et~ ~vhbfhtf~ jb hll
~envit~ epne{v v`e epem{vef ibe~*"
Jm{itvhbvlz, {htv ig v`e haebfh qjll beef vi te-
env v`e bene~~jvz vi {tewebv guvute teaulhvitz
fjwetaebne~, {htvjnulhtlz dz {hzjba hvvebvjib vi
beq hbf telhvjwelz ubteaulhvef hteh~, e"a" bhb-
iven`biliaz, fjajvhl ebwjtibmebv hbf e-`ehlv`"
Nuttebv fjwetaebne~ ~`iulf idwjiu~lz hl~i dehffte~~ef jb itfet vi jbnteh~e egnjebnz hbf
qelghte" Fjggetebne~ jb v`e Hmetjnhb hbf Eu-
ti{ehb teaulhvitz ~z~vem~ ntehve ~jabjnhbv
bib-vhtjgg dhttjet~ vi vthfe jb mhbz ~envit~ hbf
jbnteh~e vthfe ni~v~ jb ~envit~ ~un` h~ huvimi-
djle~, n`emjnhl~ hbf {`htmhneuvjnhl~, elenvtib-
jn~ hbf elenvtjnhl mhn`jbetz, hbf bhbnjhl ~etw-
jne~, hmiba iv`et~" Git ephm{le, jv `h~ deeb
e~vjmhvef v`hv bib-vhtjgg meh~ute~ jbnteh~e
vthfe ni~v~ jb vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe iq~ dz u{
vi 41% jb v`e huvimidjle ~envit, hbf dz 4;% jbelenvtibjn~ hbf JNV exuj{mebv0"
Miteiwet, teaulhvitz haebnje~ jb v`e EU hbf
v`e U"^" ~`iulf de idljaef vi nibfunv jm{hnv
h~~e~~mebv~ ig fjggetebne~ jb {tifunv ~hgevz
teaulhvjib~"
V`e EU hbf v`e U"^" ~`iulf hl~i e~vhdlj~` h
nib~ulvhvjwe gitum vi hlliq hateemebv~ vi de
~jabef devqeeb jbfjwjfuhl EU memdet ~vhve~
hbf U"^" ~vhve~ jb hteh~ q`ete gefethl hatee-
mebv~ hte biv {i~~jdle fue vi outj~fjnvjibhl teh-
~ib~" Jb v`j~ qhz, teaulhvitz jbveathvjib niulf
{tineef ib v`e dh~j~ ig h nihljvjib ig v`e qjlljba"
Jv temhjb~ vi de ep{litef ephnvlz q`hv ~itv ig
bib-gefethl hateemebv~ niulf de ~jabef mu-
vuhl teniabjvjib ig jb~uthbne hbf te-jb~uthbne
0 ENITZ^ (4;;:* Bib-Vhtjgg Meh~ute~ jb EU-U^ Vthfehbf Jbwe~vmebv? Hb Enibimjn Hbhlz~j~, hwhjlhdle hv? `vv{?))vthfe"en"euti{h"eu)finljd)fin~)4;;:)fenemdet)vth-finY86578>"{fg
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teaulhvjib~, it ~jmjlht eggitv~ vi hlliq lhqzet~
v`e tja`v vi {thnvjne, mhz de vqi hteh~ duv
~un` h gitum niulf {tiwe jm{itvhbv vi iwet-
nime outj~fjnvjibhl {tidlem~" V`e tile ig aiw-
etbmebv niulf jb ~ime jb~vhbne~ de vi ghnjljvhve
{tjwhve ~envit hateemebv~ qjv` v`e eggenv ig e~-
vhdlj~`jba muvuhl teniabjvjib"
Gjbhllz, v`e EU hbf v`e U" " ~`iulf hnvjwelz nibvjb-
ue vi qitc ib v`e BVD beaivjhvjib~ ubfetqhz jb
v`e QVI" Jb {htvjnulht, v`ez ~`iulf ~vtjwe vi ~jm-
{ljgz {tinefute~ git nim{lhjbv~ hbf ~evvlemebv~
ig fj~{uve~ denhu~e ig hlleaeflz fj~ntjmjbhvitz
BVD~ it bib-{ti{itvjibhl dhttjet~ vi vthfe" V`e
EU hbf v`e U"^" ~`iulf hl~i ~eec vi jm{tiwe v`e
VDV-bivjnhvjib {tinefute, hbf v`e mibjvitjba
v`eteig, jb itfet vi h~~ute v`hv teaulhvjib~ qjv`
eggenv~ ib epvetbhl vthfe hte {ti{etlz ubfet~viifhbf ephmjbef dz iv`et niubvtje~"
VTHB^HVLHBVJN VTHFE JB ^ETWJNE^:
H v`jtf cez elemebv jb ep{hbfjba vthb~hv-
lhbvjn vthfe j~ vi ljdethlje vthfe jb ~etwjne~"
^etwjne~ hte ig atiqjba jm{itvhbne jb jbvet-
bhvjibhl vthfe jb aebethl hbf jb vthb~hvlhbvjn
vthfe jb {htvjnulht" ^etwjne~ hnniubv git 17"0%
hbf 1>"8% ig AF[ jb v`e Ubjvef ^vhve~ hbf v`e
EU, te~{envjwelz" Hv v`e ~hme vjme, jv j~ qell
cbiqb v`hv vthfe i{ebbe~~ jb v`e ~etwjne ~en-
vit fie~ biv mhvn` vthfe i{ebbe~~ jb v`e aiif~
~envit" Vthfe wilume~ hte hl~i mun` lhtaet jb
v`e aiif~ ~envit vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe jb aiif~
j~ tiua`lz vqjne v`e ~je ig vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe
jb ~etwjne~"
V`ete j~ bi ~vufz ib v`e {ivebvjhl ahjb~ gtim
vthb~hvlhbvjn ljdethljhvjib ig vthfe jb ~etwjne~,
duv v`ete hte e~vjmhve~ ib epj~vjba dhttjet~ vi
vthfe" H~ mhbz dhttjet~ vi vthfe jb ~etwjne~ hteemdeffef jb fime~vjn mhtcev teaulhvjib~, jv j~
hl~i u~egul vi ephmjbe v`e dtihfet ~vtunvute ig
h outj~fjnvjib~ mhtcev teaulhvjib~ jb itfet vi
aev h aiif ubfet~vhbfjba ig h niubvtz~ dhttjet~
vi ~etwjne~ nimmetne"
: Jbnlufjba fhvh gtim? Me~~etljb, [hvtjnc ' whb fet Mhtel,Etjc (4;88* V`e Fzbhmjn~ ig Vthb~hvlhbvjn Beaivjhvjib~ jb^etwjne~, [htj~? AEM)^njebne~ [i
Jv `h~ deeb e~vjmhvef, git ephm{le, v`hv iwet
4;% ig v`e vivhl {tifunvjib ig ~etwjne~ jb div`
v`e EU hbf v`e U"^" j~ nuttebvlz ~udoenv vi h ~ud-
~vhbvjhl lewel ig {tifunv mhtcev teaulhvjib~ v`hv
~ewetelz jm{efe jbvetbhvjibhl vthfe jb v`e~e
~etwjne~8;" (Hbf v`j~ j~ git iblz ibe vz{e ig te-
~vtjnvjib jb jbvetbhvjibhl vthfe jb ~etwjne~*" Jb
v`e EU, v`e lewel ig teaulhvitz nib~vthjbv~ git
~etwjne~ j~ `ja`e~v jb v`e elenvtjnjvz ~envit, gil-
liqef dz mhn`jbetz leh~jba3 fj~vtjduvjib3 du~j-
be~~ ~etwjne~3 vthb~{itvhvjib hbf ~vithae hbf
bhbnjhl ~etwjne~" Jb v`e U" ", v`e lewel ig te~vtjn-
vjib~ j~ aebethllz ~imeq`hv liqet nim{htef vi
v`e EU" @ja` lewel~ ig te~vtjnvjib~ bewetv`ele~~
h{{lz vi bhbnjhl ~etwjne~3 fj~vtjduvjib3 elenvtjn-
jvz hbf {i~v hbf velenimmubjnhvjib~"
V`e mhabjvufe ig epj~vjba dhttjet~ vi vthfe, hbfv`e lhnc ig nim{evjvjib jb ~ime ~etwjne~ ~en-
vit~, ~uaae~v~ v`hv v`ete hte ~jabjnhbv {i~jvjwe
ahjb~ vi de mhfe dz tefunjba teaulhvitz dhttj-
et~ hbf ~vjmulhvjba atehvet epn`hbae" Te~vtjn-
vjib~ v`hv ~`iulf de hffte~~ef jb h vthb~hvlhbvjn
hateemebv ib vthfe jb ~etwjne~ jbnlufe hll v`e
mife~ ig ~etwjne feljwetz" V`ez hggenv v`e fe-
ljwetz ig ~etwjne~ thbajba gtim elenvtjnjvz aeb-
ethvjib hbf fj~vtjduvjib vi bhbnjhl ~etwjne~,
vthb~{itvhvjib, {i~v hbf ep{te~~ feljwetz, vel-
enimmubjnhvjib~ ~etwjne~, {tige~~jibhl ~etw-jne~, hbf q`ile~hle hbf tevhjl vthfe"
Ephnvlz `iq h vthb~hvlhbvjn hateemebv ib
vthfe jb ~etwjne~ ~`iulf de ~vtunvutef j~ i{eb
vi fedhve" H beaivjhvjib haebfh qjll texujte h
fevhjlef hbhlz~j~ ig nuttebv dhttjet~ h~ qell h~
e~vjmhve~ ib ahjb~ gtim h vthb~hvlhbvjn hatee-
mebv" V`e ~ni{e ig hb hateemebv ~`iulf de fe-
{ebfebv ib v`e nimmetnjhl ahjb~ v`hv niulf de
fetjwef gtim tefunjba it eljmjbhvjba dhttjet~"
Miteiwet, jv j~ ntjvjnhl git beaivjhvjib~ v`hv v`ez~vhtv gtim v`e {te~um{vjib v`hv v`ete ~`iulf
de atehvet teaulhvitz nii{ethvjib jb h dtihf
thbae ig ~etwjne ~envit~ jb itfet vi dii~v ~etw-
jne~ vthfe" @iq teaulhvitz nii{ethvjib niulf
de jm{tiwef ~`iulf de ~imev`jba git beaivjh-
8; H ~ud~vhbvjhl lewel ig te~vtjnvjib jm{lje~ v`hv v`e [tifunvMhtcev Teaulhvjib jbfjnhvit git h ~{enjn elf ig ~etwjne~j~ hdiwe >; (jbfep ;-8;;*, ng" Me~~etljb hbf whb fet Mhtel(4;88*
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vit~ hbf teaulhvit~ vi fj~nu~~ qjv` jb{uv gtim
v`e enibimjn ~vhce`ilfet~ v`hv hte hggenvef dz
v`em vifhz" V`e ~{enjhl divvim-u{ jbjvjhvjwe ib
BVD~, {te~ebvef jb v`e {tewjiu~ ~envjib, niulf
de h mifel hl~i git vthfe beaivjhvjib~ jb v`e
elf ig ~etwjne~"
Vthb~hvlhbvjn beaivjhvjib~ ~`iulf hl~i vhce
hnniubv ig q`hv qjll `h{{eb vi beq eggitv~
vi nthgv {lutjlhvethl hateemebv~ jb v`e elf ig
~etwjne~" Ljceqj~e, jv beef~ vi de niitfjbhvef
qjv` eggitv~ jb v`e hteh~ ig jbwe~vmebv hbf
aiwetbmebv {tinutemebv" Dh~jnhllz, h vthb~-
hvlhbvjn ~etwjne hnnitf ~`iulf nibvhjb h~ mhbz
elemebv~ h~ bene~~htz vi gtee u{ ~etwjne~ vthfe,
eweb jg ~ime ig v`e~e elemebv~ qjll iwetlh{ qjv`
iv`et beaivjhvjib~"
H vthb~hvlhbvjn hateemebv ib ~etwjne~ niulf
jbjvjhllz vhce v`e gitm ig h dtihf gthmeqitc
hateemebv, hliba v`e ljbe~ ig v`e QVI Aebethl
Hateemebv ib Vthfe jb etwjne~ (AHV^*, q`jn`
qiulf h{{lz vi hll ~etwjne ~envit~" Jbfeef, h~
v`e {ut{i~e ig h vthb~hvlhbvjn hateemebv qiulf
de vi jm{tiwe ib v`e jbhfexuhve mhtcev hnne~~
{tiwj~jib~ jb v`e AHV^, jv niulf de `el{gul vi
u~e v`e AHV^ gthmeqitc h~ h dh~j~ git beaivjh-
vjib~" Duv h vthb~hvlhbvjn fehl ~`iulf fjgget gtim
AHV^ jb ibe cez te~{env? jv ~`iulf u~e beahvjwethv`et v`hb {i~jvjwe lj~vjba h~ v`e mehb~ vi nim-
mjv niubvtje~ vi i{eb mhtcev~"
Beahvjwe lj~vjba j~ h devvet ~vthveaz h~ jv ~vhtv~
gtim v`e {te~um{vjib v`hv mhtcev~ ~`iulf
de i{eb hbf v`hv beqlz feweli{ef ~etwjne~
qiulf huvimhvjnhllz de i{eb vi vthfe uble~~ h
niubvtz ep{ljnjvlz jbvtifunef h dhttjet" Gjbhllz,
h vthb~hvlhbvjn hateemebv ib vthfe jb ~etwjne~
niulf de hnnim{hbjef dz ~etwjne~ ~envithl
hateemebv~, q`ete ~{enjn {tiwj~jib~ telewhbv
vi v`e ~envit niulf de feweli{ef"
H vthb~hvlhbvjn ~etwjne~ hnnitf ~`iulf jbjvjhllz
de djlhvethl" Duv h~ qjv` iv`et djlhvethl hatee-
mebv~ ~uaae~vef jb v`j~ te{itv jv ~`iulf de
i{ebef vi iv`et niubvtje~ v`hv qj~` vi oijb h~
liba h~ v`ez hte qjlljba vi ljwe u{ vi v`e vetm~
hbf nibfjvjib~ ~ev gitv` jb v`e hateemebv"
Miteiwet, v`e hateemebv ~`iulf jbnlufe {ti-
wj~jib~ idljajba v`e {htvje~ vi {etjifjnhllz te-
wjeq hbf tefune v`ejt beahvjwe lj~v~ ig epne{-
vjib~ ewetz we zeht~ it ~i, jb itfet vi cee{ {hne
qjv` v