Amplificadores Radio Otros DL413 REV1

8/17/2019 Amplificadores Radio Otros DL413 REV1

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DL413iD

REV 1

p+

Radio, RF*

and Video

%’ _~

Applkhions

MOTOROLA


2/472

@

MOTOROLA

Allproducts are soldon Motorolas Terms &Conditions ofSuppl~$ae;ng aproduct covered bythisdocument IheCustomer agrees tobe bound

by Ihose Terms & Conditions and nothng contained

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this Notice).

A copy of Motorola ,s Terms a Condit io ,~sof ~pply isavail~le on

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Motorola reserves

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make chang&+$~$~”Yudher notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no

warranty, repr-entation or

guarantee regarding Ihe suittil ity of itsp~~,@ f? any paficular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any Habitilyatising o“t ofihe apphcation

oruse of any product or circuit, and sp*@@g,~sclaims any and all l iabdhy, including without timitation con=quential or incidental damages,

“Typical”’Parameters ~n and do varp~~~faril appl ~t ions. All operating parameters, including “Typical’”, mustbe validated for each customer

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,..

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Thwt$~%~er should ensure that i t has the most up to date vers ion of the document by contact ing i ts local Motorala off ice. This document

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>,M’ :~~~LcatiOn. I I may subsequently be updated, rev ised or withdrawn.

,::’~i.>.,,.i>,,

.+..,~~$,,,,,,,”

.?>~~.

Includes li terature avai lable at June 1994

$,~. All trademarks recognized.

.


3/472

2


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Preface

This compilation of Application Notes, Engineering Bulletins, Design Concepts,

etc. was originally published by the European bterature Centre of Motorola Ltd,,

in Milton Keynes, England, and has subsequently gained worldwide accepta+g,~$p

. . ~.i

%..Li~+

Because of the worldwide popularity of the Application Manuals Series itJ$~~,pd]-

tant for the reader to take note of the following:

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,,f

t,..

,~,

.*’

The various Application Notes, Engineering Bulletins, Design i$~~88pts, etc.

-~,,., .,,.

*,$,.,t.*’

which are included were developed at Design Centres s~[~~@gltally located

,;a:.$*}+*K$.

throughout the global community and many were originq~ y’%~tfen to support a

.,$*>:

local need. Whilst the basic concepts of each of the ~o~~~afions included may

?:{$N\

Also included in the series for co~~T&~e}ess and historical significance are

documents that may no longer,,.($~~%ailable individually because obsolete

devices are referenced or perha~,s}sirnply, the original document is out of print,

Such items are marked in ttis:~able of Contents, Cross Reference, Abstracts and

2*.’

on the first page of th+e%$%ument with the letters

‘HI’

to indicate that these

documents are inclu,,~’kf~~ Historical Information only.

, .~c~a

,),,$~

All the Applicatiq~~i$ tes, Engineering Bulletins, Design Concepts, etc. are

included to ~~~~~~e the user’s knowledge and understanding of Motorola’s

products. gM~~$er, before attempting to design-in a device referenced in this

Series@rtR~&ser should contact the local Motorola supplier or sales office to

~’.? \:yi

con~rm~~~oduct availability and if application support is available.

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.ri ik’’you .

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3


5/472

Other books in this series include:

DL40a/D Rev. 1

8-bit MCU Applications Manual

DL409/D Rev. 1 16/32-bit Applications Manual

DL4 10/D Rev. 1

Power Applications Manual

DL41 l/D Rev. 1

Communications Applications

DL4 12/D Rev. 1

Industrial Control Applications

,,

~~~:;,.

4


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Contents

page

Device Cross Reference .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . .. .. .. . . . . .. .. . . . ... .. . ... .. . . ... .. . . . . ........ 9

Abstrscts of Applications Documents . . . . . . 13

Applications Documents

~:t.,,,

AN438

AN448

AN460

AN463

AN479

AN749

AN756

AN790

AN879

AN925

AN932

ANI019

AN102O

AN102I

AN1022

ANI025

AN1027

AN1028

AN1029

AN103O

ANI032

ANI 033

ANI034

ANI 037

ANI039

AN104O

AN1041

AN1044

5


7/472

Contents (continued)

6


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7


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8


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Device Cross Reference

This quick-reference list indicates where specific

components are featured in applications documents

reproduced in this Manual.

2N6439 ...................................... EB77

CA2820 ..................................... ANI022

CR2424 ..................................... ANl O2l

AN1047

. . . . . .. .

AN1306

CR2425 . . . . . . . . ....... ..... ANI021

AN1047

LTIOOI . . .. . . . . . .. . . ...... AN102O

LT1817 ...................................... ANl O2O

LT1829 ...................................... ANl O2O

LT5839 ...................................... ANl O2O

MCIOE1 II ................................ AN14O5

MCI OE211 ................................ AN1405

MC1OH6OX AN1402

MCI OH641 ................................ ANI4O5

MC10H64x . . .. . . . . . . . . . . AN1401

MC1OH66O . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . AN1092

MC68HC05B6 EB411

MC68HC05E0 AN460

9


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10


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11


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12


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Abstracts

AN438 300 W, 8k108MHz Amplifier Using the

TP1940 MOSFETS Push-Pull Transistor

Provides the design of an efficient 300W amplifier with

high power gain, compact physical layout and opera-

tion on a 50V power supply. It uses the TPI 940, a high

power, high gain, broadband push-pull Power MOS-

FET with low Reverse Transfer Capacitance. Includes

circuit, pafls list, PCB aflwork and component layout.

AN448

“FLOP Teletext using M6805

Microcontrollers

The “-7 members of Motorola’s M68HC05 MCU family

provide a cost-effective method of adding On Screen

Display (OSD) to TVs and VCRs. This note describes

an example of Full Level One Feature (FLOF) Teletext

control software wri tten for the MC68HC05T7to control

type 5243 Teletext chips. Around 3K bytes of ROM are

used, allowing the code to fit with tuning, OSD and

stereo functions into the 7.9 Kbytesofthe MC68HC05T7.

The example software includes the Spanish implemen-

tation of Packet 26; Packet 26 allows for the substitu-

tion of specific characters for a particular country.

AN460 An RDS Decoder Using

the

MC68HC05E0

The Radio

Data System (RDS) adds digital

data

caPa- ~,

bility to VHF FM transmissions on band II (87.5 &:$

108 M Hz). The system is in use in t he UK and in sey~r~ ~

other European countries, and it is intended that ~~~a~

be adopted eventually by most of Western Europej it’~

defined by EBU Technical Document 324,4: lnf8rma-

tion is transmitted in groups of four 26-Qj~~:ks on a

supressed 57kHz sub-carrier. This n~:~~sdtibes an

MC66HC05E0-based clock/radioa~l~~~l~n: it includes

a complete software list ing.

*/: $

.:. ,y’~*,Y

.$,>, ,$l,..

h.~, ‘

AN463

68HC05K0

lnfra-~:$+~~~ote

COntrO/

In addition to the samei~P~< nd registers as other

members of the M68&@~$a’mily the MC66HC05K0

has

a15-stage

ultl;$~~pn timer and 10 bidirectional

1/0 lines. A mas$jb~m”rs available for software pro-

grammable pg&~


15/472

Abstracts (continued)

AN932

Application of the MC1377 Co/our

Encoder

The MC1377 is and economical, high quality, RGB

encoderfor NTSC or PAL applications. It accepts RGB

and composite sync inputs, and delivers a 1V &p

composite NTSC or PAL video output into a 75Q load.

It can provide its own colour osci llator and burst gating,

or it can easily be driven from external sources. Per-

formance vif lually equal to high-cost studio equipment

is possible with common colour receiver components.

AN1OI9 Decoding Using the TDA3330, with

Emphasis on Cable In/Cable Out Operation

The TDA3330 is a Composite Video to RGB Colour

Decoder originally intended for PAL and NTSC colour

TV receivers and monitors – so its data sheet concen-

trates on picture tube drive. This practical applicat ion

note supplements the data sheet by providing circuits

for video cable dr ive as used invideo processing, frame

store and other specialized appl ications, and expands

on TDA3330 functional details. Includes PCB atiwork

and layout of an evaluation board.

AN102O A High-Performance Video Amplifier for

Hjgh Resolution CRT Applications

This note describes a state-of-the-art video amplifier

making use of the superior performance characteristics

of Motorola CRT dtiver transistors. In particular, it

shows the high speed obtainable with low DC power

consumption. The circuit is insensitive to load varia-

tions and interconnect methods.

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Resolution CRT Applications

.>.;,,..,,:.

.,$ ....

Many of the 1024x 1024nd 1280x 1024,~[}@f@~kHz

horizontal sweep rate CRTs used in ,~ti~~ and

high resolut ion graphics appl icat ions~W~&t realized

their potential performance beca~o$tfie speed of

their vidao amplifiers. The CR2@4 ~h&CR2425 video

amplifiers are hybrid circuitq,Q~x~.~@d for high resolu-

tion CRT applications. The~~a~re less than 2.9ns rise

and fall time for a 40V q%~$~fing, and provide a low

...

AN1022 Mechag,*a@d Thermal Considerations

in Using RF,Lf~&k@’~ybrid Amplifiers

,... .

Motorola’ath&~fi)* hybrid amplifiers are medium power

(0.2W t~ower output) broadband devices (1 to

10O~,w~Jh~t are biased in a class A mode for linear

opek$tio$. ~o ensure

a

proper electrical and mechani-

~~~.,

,sa ,~nY& ~cewith adequate RF and thermal character-

~~~~~certain guidel ines are presented here so that the

~$$~kign engineer can obtain maximum electrical per-

{ formance and the longest operating life.

14

ANI025 Reliability Considerations in Design

and Use of RF Integrated Circuits

RF integrated circuits – located at strategic points in a

CATV system – feature prominently in the overall

reliability assessment. Low noise and distoflion require ‘*,N

.*5,.. ,~.,,,

state-of -the-art transistor structures. Gold metallization Y;YN+W

.,;,.+$Y..

thermal equilibrium and automated process con~b~~t$%:a

have resulted in transistor l ifetimes of over 100 ~~%+$.~’

An ovewiew of the physics of construction invq&~~’~~$

the die and interconnects isdiscussed, tog,@$&~@h a

definition of major reliability terms and ati:~$~o~~ction

to hardware and software microci rcui&@~&i&y tools.

.&.,,~.l’

ANI027 Reliability/Performanc6~ sp’&ts of

CA TV Amplifier Design ~k’$>p

Discusses the rel iabil ity a~y$R~~&& offered by the RF

hybrid ampli fier used in G~k $,r~plicat ions. The act ive

part of the hybtid is+$@\$f~hsistor – metallization,

ballasting and rug~~~ne’~are reliability-related factors

that must be co@~{@{~.d by the device engineer when

designing a

higb~~~,ormance CATVtransistor. Veflical.

and horizont~l.hge~metry and device distofl ion are per-

formanc~~etawfactors that must also be taken into

accou,pt. ‘%$~ relationship between these factors is

exa~+?,ed, ahd Iifetest data ispresented to illustrate the

~%~nti~es gained by careful device design.

,,1

x1:,.

AN{~S@ 35/50 Watt Broadband (160-240MHz)

3v~:&sh-Pull TV Amplifier Band Ill

*

The main design aim for this broadband ultra-linear

push-pull amplifier wastokeepthe design as simple as

possible, in order to obtain the best performance from

the two TPV375transistors and to minimisetha cost. A

further target was to obtain the maximum gain by

reducing input matching circuit losses. Includes circuit,

background description, Smith charts and PCB layout.

ANI029 TV Transposers Band IV and V

Po = 0.5 W[1.OW

Describes the performance of a470-860MHz broadband

ultra linear amplifier designed for use in band IV and V

TV transposers. The design is based on the TPV596,

and is intended to be as inexpensive and straightfor-

ward as possible: the load line is defined to provide the

correct match for peak power; VSWR at the collector is

less than 2: l; input matching isdesigned toprovldef lat

gain with decreasing frequency; and the design is

optimized with a CAD program.

ANI030 1W/2 W Broadband TV Amplifier

Band IV and V

Describes the design and performancaof a470-860MHz

broadband linear amplifier for use in band IV and VTV

transposers, based on a TPV597 transistor. The de-

sign uses a reflect ion technique to achieve an inset iion

loss of 6dB per octave with OdB for the highest fre-

quency. Two amplifiers are connected together with


16/472


3dB quadrature hybrids to create a balanced amplif ier

avoiding the inconvenience of needing a good match of

reflected power.

AN1032 How Load VSWR Affects Non-Linaar

Circuits

If your amplifiers pass lab tests but fail QC testing, the

testing environment - not the product –is most likely at

fault Oftan the culprit iscorrelation of test systems–RF

Correlation occurs only when target error limits are

adhered to on acontinuous basis among two or more

testing stations. Such correlation is essential for non-

linear RF and microwave power amplifiers, whose

circuits are extremely sensitive to the impedance of

their loads. It iseasyto compensate for the inseflion

loss errors in an attenuator, but much more difficult to

compensate for load VSWR.

ANI033

Match lmpedancaa in Microwave

Anrp/ifiera

The key to successful solid-state microwava power-

amplifier design is impedance matching. In any high-

frequency power-amplifier design, improper imped-

ance matching wil l degrade stabi lity and reduce circui t

ef ficiency. At microwave frequencies, this considera-

tion is even more ctitical, since thetransistor’s bond-

wire inductance and base-to-collector capacitance be-~”’

come significant elements in inDut/outout imoedan&l.>

,

,.

network design. includes table ofcharacter ist ;c ie~+.

ante and velocity factor for various width/height ra?~

and various materials.

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ANI034

Three Balun Designs for Pw~_~

Amplifiers s~$l’lt~;::

., ,” \$\,

Single RF power transistors s~~~~.,?atlsfy today’s

design ctiteria; several davice~.~wsfpbe coupled to

obtain the required amplifiqPt&@W’power. The push-

pull technique is often cho%~~~tause it allows input

and output impedancq~?~.,b$’connec ted in series for

RFoparation. Baiun ra~?brmers provide the kay to

push-pull design,,$~$~~develops three balun-trans-

formers, culmin~{ng ~ith a microstrip version, None of

the baluns ~~”


17/472


AN1061 Reflecting on Transmission Line Effects

In recent years, microprocessors and digi tal logic have

seen substantial increases

in

line dr ive capabil ity. The

fast rise and fall times of modern devices make an

understanding of transmission l ines and their effects on

system reliabi li ty a necessity. Includes a procedure for

assessing possible transmission l ine problems in prac-

tical designs.

ANI080 External-Sync Power Supply with

Universal Input Voltage Range for Monitors

As the resolution of colour monitors increases, the

performance and features of their power supplies be-

comes more cr it ical . EM1/RFl generated by switching

power supplies can adversely affect resolution ifswitch-

ing frequency is not synchronised to horizontal scan-

ning frequency. This 90W flyback switching supply

demonstrates the use of new high-performance de-

vices in a low-cost design, and includes a new universal

input voltage adapter.

AN1092 Driving Hjgh Capacitance DRAMs

in

an

ECL System

In systems where speed and efficiency are of utmost

importance, designers often mixtechnologiesto achieve

the right combination ofspeed, power, cost and process-

ing capabil ity. Motorola’s Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL)

makes it possible to operate up to 1GHz clock rates.

However, ECL speeds are not necessay in memo~

that is not accessed evey clock cycle - a large CMOS

DRAM is cheaper and uses less power and boq@

space than ECL memo~. The MC1 OH/1OOH660,~4~%,

ECL-TTL Load Reducing DRAM Driver was d@s@~d”

as a translator for such applicat ions.

;, ~“+::>:~’Ualues and highlights cri tical characteristics, Descr ip-

“ tions cover the procedures used to obtain impedance

and thermal data, the importance of test circuits, low

noise considerations and linearity requirements.

ANI 122 Running the MC44802A PLL Circuit

The MC44802Aprovides the Phase Locked Loop (PLL)

portion of a tuning circuit intended for TV, FM radio and

set-top convetier applications up to 1 .3GHz; a cOm-

plete tuning circuit is formed by adding a Voltage Se

Controlled Oscil lator (VCO) and mixer, The data shee~~:.$$$

recommends use of an MCU for sending the

CO@’% \$,~?.

bytes that setthetuningfreq uency, This notede~r~a$

a serial ( IIC) intedace with an MC68HC1 1E9,j a~~er’

design – the information is sufficiently gen@r*b&~llow

almost any MCU to be used. Includes ~,$~c%~ pro-

gram listing.

...‘:,,$$+.:.}\.“

.,,.

.\J\~-:$

AN1207 TheMC145170 in Basiq?bHP%tid VHF

Oscillators

.~:f.,.


18/472


models which may affect the waveforms. A SPICE

parameter set for the referenced devices is provided.

AN1404

ECLinPS Circuit Performance at Non-

Standard VIH Levels

When ECLinPS devices are intedaced to other tech-

nologies there may be t imes when the input vol tages do

not meet the specificat ion detailed inthe ECLinPS data

book. This application note discusses the conse-

quences of driving ECLinPS devices with an Input

Voltage HIGH level which is outside the specificat ion.

AN1405 ECL Clock Djstributjon Techniques

Clock skew - the time difference between supposedly

simultaneous clock transit ions within a system – is one

of the main factors l imiting system performance at high

frequencies. If clock skew can be reduced, designers

can increase performance without using faster logic or

more complex and more expensive architectures.

Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL) technologies offer a

number of advantages over the CMOS and TTL alter-

natives; this note describes the advantages, the three

skew problem areas, and methods of clock distr ibution

to minimise skew.

EB27A

Get

300

Watts PEP Linear Across 2 to

30MHz from thjs Push-Pull Amplifier

,f’

Includes circuit, PCB artwork and layout for a 300~’$$

push-pul l linear amplif ier based on two MRF422s~@$$:

signed to operate over the 2 to 30 MHz band. }%

MC1723 voltage regulator is used as a bia~su~y.

,+?:,

EB29

The Common Emltfer TO-39+&&ks

Advantages

‘~~’t>l

,.,,s~p,~4\,.;\, ,’~*”

EB@;+~Predict Frequency Accuracy for

:,):@G~2060 and MC12061 Crystal Oscillator

+’ ~jrcuifs

($

SCrystal oscillators are used to generate a precise and

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*$\::,.

their crystal. However, circuit components and other

~.

factors external to the crystal influence its natural

resonance to some degree, an effect often referred to

as “pulling” or “warping”. This bulletin discusses the

variat ion in crystal frequency as a function of di fferent

ICS, temperature and DC supply voltage to help the

designer to predict the amount of frequency pull in a

particular design.

EB77 A 60 Watt 225-400MHz Amplifier –,%

2N6439

‘$>,1

.{::,,,.J.:\*.,

This bulletin describes a 60 watt, 28 vo~bt~~band

amplifier coveting the 225-400 MHz miQ\&~[~~muni-

cations band, The amplifier may be y@~*~N~~y as a 80

watt output stage in a 225-400 lws~ti~sm itter; by

using two of these amplif iers co@ ~e4 t th quadrature

coupiers a 100 watt outpu]l~~~j$~r stage may be

constructed. The circuit is ~,~g”mbd to be driven from a

50 ohm source and wor$~ntd~%ominal 50 ohm load,

$?..:*,\t,

EB89

A 1 Watf, ,@WAmp[ifj@r

This S-band ,,,,~:~~?~~~erfeatures simplicity and

repeatability h,d~i~~~fig 8dB minimum gain at 1 watt

output on a 2%~ Spply. It uses an MRF2001 transistor

inacom@~n b&3e, class Cconfiguration, and istunable

frorn,,,2~~%@.35 GHz. Applications include micowave

co~ti~lo~tions and other systems requiring medium

Pw@6arr0wband amplif icat ion. The Bul letin stresses

‘ @ importance Of physical construction as well as

,..

e%cttical design.

,.>~:.:

$2b90 Low-Cost VHF Amplifier Has Broadband

.,

Performance

,,

This bulletin presents two VHF amplifier designs in-

tended for FMor CWservice in the 136-174 MHz band,

Both feature the Motorola MRF260 and MRF262 plast ic

encased VHF transistors which are rated at 5.o W and

15 W power output respect ively, The devices are pack-

aged in a standard To-220 silicone epoxy case with the

emitter wired to the metal tab and centre lead of the

device, This common emitter configuration results in

good RF performance, improved thermal conductivity,

and ease of mounting in an RF ampli fier by connecting

the transistor mounting flange to RF and DC ground.

EB93

60 Waft VHF Amp/ifier Uses

Splifting/Combining Techniques

Proven combining techniques can be used to obtain

higher output power and added reliability at VHF.

Simple matching networks and power transistors with

moderate gain can produce performance comparable

to that of a single-stage amplifier with a larger, more

expensive device. Though not the ult imate answer, the

spl it ter/combiner method has dist inct advantages over

designs that force transistors into a parallel configura-

tion, This 60 Wamplifier operates from 150 to 175 MHz

and features two low-cost MRF264 transistors. The

design uses a modif ied Wilkinson combiner technique

to produce 60W output with a drive level of 15W.

17


19/472


EB107

Mounting Considerations for Motorola

RF

Power Modules

The packaging used for Motorola RF Power Modules

consists of a copper flange on which the ceramic

substrates are soldered, and a non-conductive cover

which is either a snap-on design or attached by epoxy,

The substrates are either 96°~Alumina, 95.57~Alumina,

or 99”A Beryll ium Oxide, and are attached to the copper

f lange using lead-tin or iridium based soft solders. This

bulletin discusses the mechanical factors that should

be considered when mounting these modules in equip-

ment.

EB41

1

A Digital Video Prototyping System

This bulletin describes a Digital Video Prototyping

System (DVPS) developed using Motorola’s latest multi-

media devices, togetherwith a PC-based Field Program-

mable Gate Array (FPGA) development system. It is

designed to provide a fast and effective means of

prototyping and demonstrating digital video processing

functions. A Reference Section lists datasheets and

user manuals containing detailed descriptions and

information on the devices. The DVPS has been suc-

cessfully used to implement two TV sub-systems,

namely a Picture-In-Picture Processor and a4:3to 16:9

Picture Processor, which are also described,


20/472

Applicati

19


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20


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300W, 88-I08MHz Amplifier using the

TPI 940 MOSFETS Push-pull Transistor

By Georges Chambaudu

Motorola Semiconducteurs Bordeaux SA

Option 2 (with C9s and without C9p)

GA (dB)

18.3

19.1

19.6

65.4

68

66.6

.:3: ~J$opper heat spreader must be mounted on, or laid on top of, a heat sink with thermal grease interface.

...

.,.;>


23/472

INPUT

SCALE: 1.5

<

+V


24/472

R8, R9

L1

L2

L3, L4

FET

T1

T2

6.8 -8.2 KQ l/4W (depending on FET gf~)

Thermistor, 10KQ at 25 °C/2.5KQ at 75°C

2KQ 1/2W

KDI ~rofilm PPR515-20-3 or EMC Technologies

model 5310 or equivalent 10OQ

10 turns AWG #l 6 enamelled Wire, 0,2” I.D.

Ferrite beads, 1.5 VH Total

Lead lengths of R8 and R9, 0.6” total.

TP1 940

9:1 impedance ratio (input transformer)

25Q, O 062.0 D. semi tigid co-ax., wi[b

L = 28 mm, I = 11 mm (see Figure 3)

4:1 impedance ratio (output transformer)

25Q, O 09V O.D. semi rigid co-ax,, with

L = 19 mm, I = 9 mm (see Figure 3)

(Tl transformer must be loaded with ferrite

toroids of suitable dimensions and Vi of 35-40,

or other ~pe ferrite cores, such as Fair-Rite

Products Corporation E and I tvpes 9467012002

and 9367021002 respectively )

figure 2. 300 W, 8-108 MHz amphfier schematic and pafis list

23


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Cenue

A

Hgh Imp@an@


26/472

“FLOF” Teletext using M6805

BV Peter Topping

M CU Applications

Motorola Ltd, East Kilbride

1. INTRODUCTION

AN448

Microcontrollers

...

, *$ \ \ .3\

The “T” members of the MC68HC05 familv of MCUS provide a convenient and c@,~@ &tve method of adding

on-screen-displav (OSD) to TVs and VCRs. As well as the 6&character OSD ca~@$,~theV include 8 Kb~es of

ROM (adequate forTeletext, frequencv-svnthesis, stereo and OSD), 320 bvt~~~:$~~, a 1&bit timer and 8 pulse

width-modulated D/A converters. The MC68HC05T7 also includes IIC haf~wd~ a“nd,bv using a 56-pin package,

4 ports of 1/0 independent of the OSD, serial and D/A outputs. It is th~~.&itable for large full-feature chassis.

The MC68HC05T1 is in the middle of the price/performance ra@*~@ includes most of the features of

the MC68HC05T7 but in a 4&pin package. This is achieved bv sh.@~%.~0 with the other Pin functions (Spl, OSD,

D/A). Even if all these features are used, there is sufficient l/O’~most applications.

. .

,

“.

~?w,

The MC68HC05T2 is a 16K upgrade of the MC68HCO:~k~n&$he MC68HC05T3 a 24K version with increased

RAM (512 bvtes) and enhanced OSD (112 characters a~d,% rows of OSD buffer). The low cost MC68HC05T4

has 5 Kbytes of ROM and 96 bvtes of RAM mahw$$$?able in simpler (eg mono, non-Teletext) applications.

The T4 and T7 also include a 14-bit D/A converter to’~cilitate voltage svnthesis tuning. There are EPROM (and

OTP) versions of the T3 (including T1 and T~em&ation), T4 and T7.

,:$$t:,~,

This application note describes an exa~~~$a~ ’Teletext control software written for the MC68HC05T7 which

directlv controls Teletext chips of th~~p&$~43. Spanish FLOF Teletext (level 1.5) is handled using packet W26,

If no CCT teletext chip is present o~~$~,~ bus (asindicated bv the lack of an acknowledge), all Teletext functions

are disabled in software. Abo~t~wes of ROM ara used allowing the code to fit into the 7.9K b~es available

,+~..,

in an MC68HC05T7 along wjtti’’~fitng, OSD and stereo functions.

‘~(t,?,i,,,\@,.

The software in the in.~~~$$hsting has been written for the MC68HC05T7 but could, with a little modification,

be implemented o,n,,~$h@&M6805microcontrollers. A microcontroller without IIC hardware can be used as long

as additional so~r~~~~’’included to facilitate the IIC bus using l/O pins. An example of ilC master 1/0 driven

software can,~e fwd in application note AN446.

2. “FLOF” TELETEXT FEATURES

@tilllWel One Feature (FLOF) Teletext utilises “ghost” packets to provide features in addition to those available

,,$.~,’~~~’the original CCT Teletext. The prima~ enhancement is the provision of a menu with a choice of four linked

,@,,~t{~~ges selectable by the user with a single press of one of four coloured buttons on the remote control. The menu

$,:*::.’ Itself is sent in the ghost page using packet 24 while the linked page numbers are contained in packet 27. In

**

addition to linked pages, packets 26 and 30 are used. Packet 26 allows for the substitution of selected characters

in the displav bv special characters specific to a part icular count~. This example application includes the Spanish

implementation of packet 26. The broadcast service data packet (8~0) is used to get the initial (index) page for

each channel and to display station identification information.

25


27/472

“Ghost” packets handled

The FLOF menu information contained in this page extension packet is transferred by the microcomputer to

row 24 of the display chapter. When links are disabled because there is no packet 27 (destination code O)orwhen

bit 4 of bvte 43 is O, row 24 is blank.

W26 :

Optional handling of modes 1XXXX,01111 and 00010 in accordance with the Spanish Teletext specificati~~~~~

the additional characters which are available in the 5243 CCT chip are handled. The feature can be di:,a~f,Q$~th

a hardware link on an l/O pin (see figure 1) so that the software can be used at level 1.0 in non-Spanl$h &o@’ties

also using packet 26.

.~: t}l)$..

. . ., ,, ,$>’

..,.,3,$$

.,, $. ’

y.

W27 :

~,.1.$,p will be taken from packet 27

but will be automatically disabled if the broadcast links are default (FFSmF) , r invalid.

g, “’”$

8/30 :

.-,],

.

The broadcast service packet is used to supplv the index pa~~nu~ber on exit from standbv and (if teletext is not

stopped) after a channel change. BVtes 10-30 of this pac~~~~~~;~$plaved for 5 seconds on exit from standbv and

(if teletext is not stopped) after a channel change.

*’. , i.,’

‘-\J

..>

.:.. ~,”

‘ ~b,

,,*,..

other thaJT&~~&xt and is not shown in detail. Communication with the 5243 Teletext chip is via an IIC bus in which

*>,,.*’

the T~+WalWys the master, The function of the three l/O pins used for Teletext is described under “Ghost packets

hati~:i~nd “Inputs and Outputs”,

.. ,’’ .,%.,,,

,,t~f

+:Al~ Sion of this Teletext SOftware has been implemented on an MC68HC05C4 for use in aN where the other

“~ontrol functions were handled by a separate microcontroller. The signal from the IR pre-amp was fed into the

C4 which used Teletext commands to control a 5243 via a software IIC bus. Non-Teletext commands were re

generated bv the C4 and sent to the other microcontroller. This arrangement allows Teletext to be added to a

chassis which was originally designed without considering Teletext.

26


28/472

.,,,

~;y.

In the exampl~+%on the idle loop code is inthe main W control software module rather than inthe teletext

module, Listi~~ l$hows the relevant parts of this module. The looptime is 12.8mS and it isat this rate that the

.* >:,..

timing c.@&ters used by Teletext (CNT1 and CNT4) are incremented. The standby condition is checked first; if

the W ‘&Y@$h standby then there is no IIC activi~ and hence no reading from, or writing to, the 520. If the W

h~si~~~~xited from standby, as indcated by the flag 3,STAT2, then Teletext is initialised using the sub-routine

~~~@T. This subroutine writes to the 5243’s control and mode registers (R5, R6 and R7)and checks that the

~,,;:,,

lt~acknowledge ispresent. If therewas no acknowledge, as indicated by flag 6,STAT7, then nofurther Teletext

,s-,~;,.,&tivity is attempted.

,;.

~.i;t, c..$

\:::c,,)*\\,J:

If an acknowledge is present, Teletext polling goes ahead, although it is suspended if there is a mute or time

~:,.-.

$.

display. A mute indicates that the channel has just been changed, or no channel istuned. During time display,

all other Teletext activity is suspended. R&initialisation using subroutine START2 is performed if flag 7,STAT5

is set by a change of the tuned frequency.

27


29/472

Counter CNT4 is used to delay the transfer of packets 24 (page extension- FLOF menu), 27 (links), 26 (enhanced

display characters) and the control bits from row 25 (display page) after the initial arrival of a page. When row 24

is read the 5243 FOUND flag is set to

indicate that the arrival has

been acted upon. If UPDATE is on then an update

indicator appears if the update control bit (C9) is set or if the subpage has changed or if it is the first arrival of the

page. The update display is performed by the subroutine ARRVD which clears the transient flags and enables

the required display, i.e. page no. in normal mode and the whole of row O in subpage mode. Any boxed

information (eg subtitles or newsflash) inthe current page isalso displayed, The last Teletext function performed

by the idle loop is the checking of the FOUND flag in the 52&. This is accessed via the IIC bus; it is on the last

(not displayed) row of the display page along with the current page and suppage numbers and the control bits. ~~~~

~:t.,,,,

‘,~..*{:

\. ‘*t.,

5.

REMOTE CONTROL FUNCTIONS

:cy~)~,:.,

,,,.tt)’.

...‘4,*, .,.,+,,$/),,:.,

W~T

?:>

k .....{?:,l:. ’ ,.

la ,>,,,,,

0 9

?*.~~

*J$:$,:*:,t

Linked page access keys. The decoder stores four pages of t%t. These are the display page and the three pages

corresponding to the red, green and yellow links. Th~blue8nked page is not acquired in advance. In the absence

of FLOF data or if the links are disabled by the coqf?o$.~t in packet 27, the red key is Page+ 1and the 9reen key

page-1. Under these circumstances the requex~~age and the next three pages are acquired.

~?~J>3

,.- ,:. \,

Pc /

,i>i~$ .,. * .

Text m@: $~ter subpage mode, (max. 3979). TV mode: Display time in topright-hand corner for 5 seconds.

Pres$~~&$Q$key during a station identification display (packet 8 0 bytes 1030) can be used to extend this display

be~~~.~be five seconds it appears for, after a channel change.

, >+,,:,,,,\~,

?kc$

Halt acquisition, “STOP” is displayed instead of page number, Press again to restart, If acquisition has been

stopped by partially entering a new page number then this key can be used to return to the original page.

28


30/472

MIWNOMIX

Toggle between Teletext and mixed display. Use of this key causes the display of the top status row for 5 seconds

if it is not being displayed be~use the current page is a newsfiash or asubtitle, 5243 contrast reduction is enabled

in mixed mode.

FULuOP/BOT

UPDATE

Return to picture until a new version of the requested page arrives. When it ar~~{;~~$~ page no. is displayed in

the topright-hand corner, the key operates in both W and Teletext mode, si~+~~~Qt into N mode. Any boxed

information (alarm clock, newsflash or subtitle) will be displayed. In suw~ @ode the complete header is

.,,, >.$’

displayed so that both page& subpage numbers can be seen. Cancel up-;Ytering Teletext mode and then

going back to W mode by pressing the Wflext key twice.

., ;.,4 .

,>....,

..... .... *,s.

,,

.$,, ’: :e,,:

The Teletext module (list ing 2)comprises variou~t~~~~titines which are used both by the idle loop and to perform

any Teletext actions initiated by commands from ~ lb remote control. They are described in the order in which

they appear in the listing.

.. *~’:

.$..%:$.

,+~

~X is executed when the WflEXT.Q$~o$~S pressed. Its function is to toggle between W mode and Teletext

mode. The flag O,STAT indicates

tb,~c~~~~fit

ode. This flag routes the microprocessor to execute either TnOFF

or THON according to the curf&$R~.We. TXTON checks that Teletext hardware is present and does nothing if

there has been no IIC acknoW.~@~f, however, a 5243 is present in the N, it clears all transients (OSDLE) and

sets up the Teletext mode. $&~R&;alisesthe control registers (R5 and R6) to display text and background both in

and out of boxes. For ,~~~f~hes the set-up is text and background within boxes and picture outside, ~OFF

also resets transie~{$$$gt~?orces N mode and sync, Polling and updating continue as a background activi~,

.


31/472

6b. Subroutines: Colours, INDEX, NPAGE and PPAGE

The four colour keys (Red, Green, Yellow and Blue) are primarily intended for selecting Teletext linked pages.

When pressed the chapter which corresponds to theappropriateacquisition circuit isselected for display. If l inks

are dsabled (by the link control bit or because there isno packet 27), then the REDand GREEN keys select current

page +1 and-1 respectively. This choice istaken according to the state of flag 3,STAT3 which reflects the condition

of the link control bit in packet 27. The code executed by RED, if l inks are not in use, is the same as that executed

by the “+” function (NPAGE) which always selects the next page. Similarly the alternative GREEN function

(PPAGE) is the same as for the “-” key. The YELLOW and BLUE keys do nothing under these circumstances. ln,?t;~~

Spanish Teletext the GREEN, YELLOW and BLUE links can be individually inhibited, but the RED link is op~$~;.~

inhibited if all links are off.

‘l*T>*.?,,..

...+,.~~..:,>

{*,

,,\;-&.J-f,>

i,i

The chapter associated with the selected page is displayed immediately if it has already been request~~,~.hh$dill

normally be the case if a linked page (red, green or yellow) has been selected. The code at label LPK~_uted

if the page has already been requested. If not, a jump to CLRPD is performed. CLRPD is a label ~WQ~@DIGITO;

the code at CLRPD requests a new page just as if the page number had been entered man~{~$ If fhe required

acquisition circuit is the one already current, then the “unstop” code is executed. This ~w$l~e 9reen Page

bein~ooke~for header to roll as though the page number had just been entered. This _sJh%t something can

be seen to happen in the case where the linked page differs only from the current w~~~~~ subpage number.

Linked subpagesare not fully supported inthis implementation astheyare rarely q~edh~5roadcasters and would

significantly increase the size of the software. When the chapter ischanged the~ik~xt PBLF (Page being looked

for) flag is checked. If it is low the FOUND flag is cleared. This forces the ~f~~~ of the links associated with

the new dsplay page. If the page is not already in, this will automatical~h~~.@ when it arrives so the FOUND

flag does not need to be cleared.

~}.,.)~

~=

~*, ,,,,

,,.> -\:.i\..,.t~\\

The second ~~i~~p LINK allocates new page numbers to the remaining unused acquisition circuits. It uses GLP2

to clear t~~$$~a~ant chapters in the Teletext memory and make the new requests. Subroutine CHCK1 is used

to chec~-w@%er or not an acquisition circuit is in use before it is loaded with a new page number from the LIFO.

,k:,~i]“’?:i,:i~’”

~~~s@~~hod of organizing new page requests prevents unnecessary requests being made for pages already

r$@$ted. This is particularly important when links are disabled and pages are being requested using the “+”

o*-” functions, Under these circumstances when the page number is incremented (or decremented) only one

new page has to be requested (new display page+ 3), while page, page+ 1and page+2 do not need to change and

can be left in their current acquisition circuits.


32/472

NOTOK3 and NOTOK2 handle the RED and GREEN functions when links are disabled. They are disabled if the

Iinkcontrol bit (packet 27 bit3, byte 43) iszeroorif there isnopacket27, These subroutines respectively increment

and decrement the current page number (units and tens). The current magazine number (page hundreds) is

not affected.

6d. Subroutines:

ROW24, W2B, R2B, GCYI, CUNK and DECODE

ROW24 is used to transfer ghost row 20 (packet 24) into the display chapter. This has to be done via the &~Cbus.

The loop reads two bytes via the IIC (subroutine R2B) bus from the ghost page and writes it to the di:~~:~ge

(subroutine W2B). The FOUND flag is then set to indicate that the arrival of the page has been regow$d and

acted upon. This subroutine is only called by the idle loop and is used along with the other su,~m~s which

get information from the ghost page (CLINK, LINK and GET25).

., +>:,

1:;,t*...,,

~“.

~t.i”

,,.2.~~

R2B and W2B use IIC routines RWD and SEND which are outwith the Teletext modul~: $“

.... ..\,


33/472

6f. Subroutines: REVEAL, EXPTB and TIME

The REVEAL function muses anv hidden displav information to appear, It is controlled bya bit in the displav mode

register (R7), The software example leaves anv revealed information permanently displayed, If, however, it is

required that such information disappear when the page is updated (this mav be better for a quiz page), then the

two commented out lines (80 and 81) in the idle loop should be enabled,

The display expand facility is controlled bv another two bits in R7, The EXPTB sub-routine cvcles through normal,

to~half double height and bottom-half double height.

st.,

.,.,..)\i.

, ::;~~.”,?,i.

\\.$.>

*,.{*.

The example application uses a single IB key (subroutine TIME) for both the displav of the Teletext clock and a$+j>

entry into subpage mode. IF the set is in TV mode then the time is displayed for 5 seconds. If the ~ is i@~%&i~

mode then subpage mode is selected. Subpage number entry is described in the following section. &&ke

Teletext clock is requested itappears (boxed) at the to~right-hand corner. It is removed by the idle,lo~~,~~nds

after the last press of the time button. When the time is being displaved all other Teletext act:l~~j~opped

using UCHOLD.

. ’,..“~?,

v:. ..~.,

6g. Subroutines: DIGITS, SUBPG, GET25 and GET26

. .\&

*:*:+l;,;:>$,,.

DIGITS is the subpage version of DIGITO and uses similar code. More checks on,the ~.~ut data are required as

the four digits of the subpage number have different maximum values. These $~$wums are 3 for thousands,

7 for the tens and 9 for the hundreds and units. These values reflect the sub@&~:.,

,.:,,:/.

The code at the label SETIT is the subpage equivalent of GETIT, -~kd above. It requests the new su~page

and sets the FOUND flag.

ii: ,,

,S>~

,,.\&l%,”

:.]1’,*’:,~.

The subroutine SUBPG IS called when the TIME (or clockp%~j is pressed (TV in Teletext mode). It toggles

between normal mode and subpage mode. When s@p@e mode is entered the page number displav (P—) is

replaced with

***

to indicate the mode change and:’?b:~rompt for the entry of a subpage number. Once all four

‘+*Y

digits have been entered the new sub-page is re,%S~d’by SETIT. The code at the label RSTR is used to exit from

this mode back to the normal (page number) ~’:,~>$estoring the page number displav to the top-left-hand corner.

...,

j:i.>~$*L

GET25 is used bv the idle loop to get $N~~~~&rmatlon stored in row 25 of the displav chapter. This row is not

d(splaved but contains various info~~~~h used bv the control microprocessor. The current page number,

magazine number, sub-page nu@r~~ etext control bits and the FOUND and PBLF flags are available. GET25

gets the required information,~~,$~~des it in the RAM of the MC68HC05T7.

~ ,.,.

,,1,

At the end of this subro@&~fi@J~/O line 7,portB is checked. If it is low, packet 26 is handled. If it is high, this

packet is disabled. Thi$w~@be required if this application were to be used in a country other than Spain which

used packet 26. It ~.~~?ti require to be switched off as the enhanced displav feature uses different characters

* ~tf.,

depending on th~,f?~%h~fi.n countries which do not use packet 26 (eg the UK) it does not matter whether or not

packet 26 is e~a~e~:’

,?j$,, ~:\?

.

I f packet:~& iS&’abled, GET26 processes all packet 26 data present in the ghost page. The tables G2TAB, G3TAB

and ~3A~,:q$%tain the characters used to replace the character at the displav location defined bv each packet.

>,

>.:.,.,..,),:,,,.

32


34/472

6h. Subroutines:

GIP, W4T and SW4T

The subroutine GIP gets the initial (index) page from packet 8B0, It will be doing this as the set is brought

out of standby or just after a channel change. It mav thus initiallv get a poor signal (or there mav be no

Teletexti so it tries repeatedly until it finds a valid packet 8B0 format 1. If this is not found after 96 tries it

gives up and sets the flag 6,STAT2 to indicate that there is no packet 8B0 (or no Teletext). In this

circumstance it defaults to an index page number of 100.

st.,\

R24T transfers bytes 1&30 ofthe broadcastingservice data packet (8/30) intothe display chapter. It isc~~,$hce

a second for five seconds after power-on ora channel change. The data istransferred to row Oof t~,~w~ page

which can be displaved either at the bottom or, as inthis example, the top of the screen. Thi:~:t$a$$~ti @sPlav

issetup using the subroutine SR24T ifTeletext is present. If the flag 6,STAT2 has been set,,QW~~~ ~*described

above then SR24T does nothing. The transient displav is terminated bv code executed aE;XM,qPProPriatetime

from within the idle loop,

‘b>%>.,t..:

.\,\;:,,

,,~ ~,h

,,.. ,/

~.$&\.4,

.,. ,~

7. INPUT AND OUTPUTS %,~i(’$;.

‘~‘..*;:::,.

\t,).

.~..

.~

‘‘>,*,”,::)“~’

Apart from the IIC bus, onlv three pins on the controlling microprocess~~&~~levant to Teletext. Two inputs

select the usage of packets 26 and 27 and one output can be used to+~~nt?a.anyhardware which requires to be

changed according to whether or not there is a W picture currently %~~displaved. In manv applications some

,%,,,.*,

orall of these functions will not be required and could be elimin~ted~@m the software thus freeing upthe pins

for other uses.

>*

* “*?..,..\\,,

,. .;> ‘++

.*.,,

33


35/472

LISTING 1

30

31

32

33

34

35

36 00000000

37 00000003

38 00000005

39 00000001

40 00000009

41 Oooooooc

42 Ooooooof

43 00000011

44 00000013

45 00000016

46 00000018

47 0000001.

48 0000001.

49 Oooooolf

50 00000022

51 00000025

52 00000028

53 0000002b

54 0000002.

55 00000031

S6 00000034

S7 00000037

58 0000003.

59 0000003.

60 0000003f

61 00000042

62 00000044

63 00000046

64 00000048

65 0000004b

66 0000004,

61 000000S1

68 00000054

69 00000057

70 0000005.

71 0000005.

72 0000005,

73 90000060

74 90000062

7S 90000064

16 00000066

77 00000068

78 0000006b

7s 0000006.

80

0d13Cd

>3.00

>3.00

>3.00

>cdOOOO

030104

>1600

Zosr

>010009

>1700

>,500

>Ifoo

>cdOOOO

>cdOOOO

>02004d

>02004.

>0.0041

>040044

>0.0041

>06003,

>0c003b

>Ofooos

>lfoo

>cdOOOO

>01001.

>b60D

.130

252.

>Cdoooo

>cdOOOO

>cdOOOO

>cdOOOO

>09000s

>0b0002

ad6e

>1100

>D600

>b?oo

.608

>b700

.6:9

>cdOOOO

>080104

>1000

81

82 00000010 >3f00

83 00000072 >04008b

84 00000375 >060088

8S 9000027S >090085

86

*,

88

89

90

91

$,

;: C000C27b

94 0000007d

95 0000007f

96 OCOOC081

97 3COO0084

98 00000086

99 00009C88

:$0 ocoooc8a

>9: 30000084

:C2 $oo~s$ef

:33 0000099>

:54 00009C93

>b600

.150

2403

>..0000

>b600

.104

2603

>cdOOOO

>3foo

>3,00

2?03

>..0000

........................................................

.

Idle 100P.

, .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I

LP

FON

ALRON

DNTRS

NOUP

N024

.

F1

........

BRCLR

lNC

1 NC

lNC

JSR

BRCLR

BSET

BM

BRCU

BC~

BC

LR

BC ~

JSR

JSR

BRSET

BRSET

BRSET

B R S E T

BRSET

BRSET

BRSET

BRCLR

BCLR

J SR

BRCLR

LDA

cm

BW

J SR

J SR

JSR

JSR

8RCLR

BRCLR

BSR

BC LR

WA

STA

WA

S

TA

LD A

J SR

BRSET

BSET

BCLR

JSR

CLR

BRSET

BRSET

BRCLR

. . . . . . . .

6,1s,,.

CNT1

CNT4

CNT5

KBD

1,PORTB,FOX

3,STAT2

F1

3,STAT2,

AUO.

3.STAT2

2;ST*T2

7,STATS

RESTRT

VCRPOLL

1,STAT2, F1

1,STAT4,F1

6,STAT1,F1

2,sTAT2, F1

5,STAT,F1

3,STAT4,F1

6,STAT4,F1

7,STAT5,DNTRS

7,STAT5

sTmT2

0.STAT2,N024

CNT4

*48

,1

CLINK

LXNK

R0W24

GET25

4,STAT2,NOUP

5,STAT2,NOUP

MRW

o,STAT2

Acc

R8

R2B

4,1OBUF+l, F1

0,STAT2

5,R7

TxT2

CNT4

2,STAT2,1LP

3,STAT2,1LP

4,STAT.lLP

OUT,”, CWME E=.

TE~TEXT TWSIENT

POW 24 DEMY

MUTE TMSIENT

KEY~=D ‘ ,1~,.

.. .. .. .....?... *J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TXTR1

TXTR2

.

.

End Teletext

tra., ie,t, .

.

. .

Clear mode bits (.h...el mode, 2-digit

.

Pr.q. ... ,.t~y ....J

.

.

........................................................

RST~ BRCLR

JSR

SOS2 BCm

0,

STAT5,

S0S2

2-DIGIT

Pr. NO. ENTRY ?

RES YES ,

RESTORE

DISP

2,STAT4 ME SURE ITS PROGM MODE

RsTm2 B... 4.STAT4 RESET 0s. ,-s1,., FUG

RST~3 BCLR 4;STAT RESET ~lN TMSIENT F-G

BRCLR 5,STAT, TXTR1 TIK HOLD ?

BCLR 5,STAT YES, CLE~ IT

LDA 0S03

STA ,S

S

TA

JSR

BRSET

JSR

BCm

B R S E T

,.,

STA

C LR

Jw

.

TXT2 STOP T1~ EXIT FMSH

2,STAT, TXTR1 OTHER HOLD ?

NOTTH NO, S0 CLE= HOLD

0,R7 ~X OFF RW 0

0, STAT, TXTR2 TELETEXT ?

ACC

R4

R7

NO, ALL ~XES OFF

TXT2

YE,

34


36/472

139

........................................................

140

.

141

.

.

142

UWat.d Page has arrived.

.

,,3

........................................................

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

1s5

156

1s7

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

161

168

169

170

171

172

113

174

175

Ooooooff

00000102

00000104

>b600

>b,oo

>1900

>IBOO

>:;0000

>0.000s

,606

>cdOOOO

.646

>b,oo

>b,oo

.603

>050002

.602

>b,oo

>..0000

.610

>b7 00

.606

,b700

>bloo

>3f00

>cdOOOO

013.03

>1,00

81

j;~ 00000105 >ccOOOO

178

119

180

181

182

183

104

165

186

187

188

189

190

19:

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

201

202

203

204

205

206

201

208

209

210

211

212

213

?,.

00000108

0000010.

0000010.

0000010,

Ooooolor

00000111

00000113

00000115

00000117

00000119

OOOOO1lb

Ooooolld

Ooooollf

00000121

00000123

00000125

00000127

00000128

Ooooolza

0000012.

0000012,

00000130

00000132

00000133

>b600

>b700

>1100

81

>bfoo

>1100

>b600

ad25

>b600

.180

2606

>b600

adlb

>3.00

>beoo

ti14

>3.00

>3,00

26.9

1b3b

9,

81

sPm

NNr

RESTRT

K

::

CLM

JSR

BRSET

L.&

JSR

LDA

, TA

s

T*

LDA

BRCU

LDA

s TA

Jm

ACC

R4

4,STAT

5,STAT

mxoo.

6,STAT,SPm

%XOOF

+$46

R5

R6

+s03

2,C3,NNF

+$02

R7

TXT2

LDA

ST.

LDA

S

TA

STA

C

LR

JSR

B.

CL.

BSET

RTS

0 , M R, ACKOK

6, STAT7

RES

LDA

STA

BCLR

-S RTS

SEND BSR

STX

BC L R

LDA

BSR

~BU LDA

cm

BNE

LDA

,Roc

.1s,

0,STAT5

KILL

TWSIENTS

S“B-PAGE

MODE 2

No,

smLL

w,

DPNT

0,x

SHIFT

DPNT

W

~BU

5,MCR

DATA

BUFFER

O XNTER

SS.3

DATA

DONE ?

S

TO?

MSR llC SET-UP

FDR

90 KHz

+SBO

EN=LE 1:C AS mSTER

MCR T-SMI TTER , sTmT

.mR

7,”SR,.

SEND

::AU

“AIT Ioms (EEFRO” mITE)

35


37/472

........................................................

.

31

232

233

234

235

236 0000014b adO.

237 0000014d >b600

238 00000141 >bl O1

239 00000151 >b600

240 00000153 .1,1

241 00000155 2602

242 000001S7 >3cO0

243

244 00000159 .dd9

245 0000015b ,1100

246 0000015d ,b60U

247 0000015C .ddd

248 00000161 >b600

249 00000163 add9

250 00000165 1b3b

251

252

2S3

254

255

256

257

258

259

260

261

262

263

264

265

266

267

268

269

270

211

272

273

214

275

276

277

278

279

00000167

00000169

0000016b

00000166

OOO0016f

00000171

00000173

00000175

300001?8

0000017,

0000017.

0000013,

Ooooollf

00000180

00000182

1a3b

>1000

>b600

adcf

193b

163b

b63d

0f3. fd

1b3b

b63d

>b700

9.

e:

3f3c

80

.

llC

read.

i

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rm

REM 1

.

.

.

,

. . . . . . . .

BSR

s?

LDA

:%

rNc

BSR

BCLR

LDA

BSR

LDA

BSR

BCLR

.s,,

BSET

LDA

BSR

BC ~

BSET

LDA

BRC LR

BSET

K

mcLR

BCL.

E

CL1

RTS

.........

REml

10BUF

10B”F+ 1

-DR

*$*1

,-1

SUWR

IICSU

O,WDR

m. R

S“1,

SUWR

SHIFT

5, MCR

5,MCR

O,WOR

mo,

SHIFT

4,MCR

3, MCR

m.

7,.s,, .

3 , M ,.

m,

10 BUF + 1

7, HSR, .

5 , UCR

NR

10BUF

GET

FIRST

BYTE

~= IT UP

m?

YES, =XT

SUB-~

DRESS

,-.. . .. ,.

AST BYTE SO STOP

GET

BYTE

MD

SAE

T

36


38/472

LISTING2

.

27 00000006

27 00000009

: ; 0000000,

............................................................................

.

.

mlT*lete.t/aDlstereo program ,MC68HC05T7)

.

.

.

.

CCT

Teletext control module ,sP, in)

. .

.

U**6 With ~T8. s05, OST. S05 ‘ TMT7. S 05

.

. This

software ,,, develowd by Motorola

Ltd for d-”st ratio” P, Po,,, .

: NO liability can ~ aceePte6 for it, “,. in any specific application. .

Original software coPyriqht Motorola - all rights rese, ved

.

. .. .

PORTA ZQU

PORTB EQU

P~TC EQU

P~TD EOU

DDM

EQU

DDRB EQU

DDRc

EQU

DDRO

EQU

$12

$13

$14

$15

$16

$17

S18

$19

$lC

$39

$3A

$3B

$3C

$3D

S3L

S3F

Tim,, control reai,ter

18 OSD data

registers

color

&

status register

color 3/4 register

Row address ‘ character

size

Windo”/Col - xeqi,ter

Col-{ color register

Horizontal position delay

Test

1, OSD/Tin,

r/PM

Test 2, EPROM

37


39/472

:;

21

27

21

27

27 00000000

27 00000001

27 00000002

27 00000003

21 00000004

21 Ooouooos

27 00000006

27 00000007

27 00000008

27 00000009

27 0000OOOa

27 0000OOOb

27 0000000.

27 0000OOOd

27 OOOOOOOe

27 OOOOOOOf

21 00000010

27 00000011

27 00000012

27 00000013

27 00000014

27 0D000015

27 00000016

27 0000001?

27 00000020

27 00000021

27 0000002.

27 0000002d

27 00000030

27 00000033

27 00000036

27 00000039

27 0000003a

27 0000003,

27 0000003?

27 00000040

21 00000041

21 00000042

;; 00000046

27

27

27

27

21

:;

;; 00000047

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

27 00000048

27 00000049

27 0000004.

27 OOOO004b

27 OOOOO04C

27 0000004d

27 0000004.

27 O000004f

21 00000050

21 000000s1

27 00000052

27 000000S3

27 00000054

27 000000ss

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

;; 00000056

27

27

,.

........................................................

Teletext W allocation.

.

.

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SUB1

R]

,2

R3

c1

C2

C3

C4

C5

C6

SUB2

R4

.5

R6

R7

SUB3

R@

.9

R1O

,11

P.

PT

,“

.,,0

FACE

FAGO

PAG1

PAG2

PAG3

?*GC

PAG1

PDP

ACC

WACC

~DR

DPNT

SU~R

1OBu r

STAT2

.

.

STAT3

mode

P.qe

~.9.

. . q ~

. . . ..5: .,,

. . . ..6: .,,

dis~l. cha~ter

eqist.

r

di,P1ay control register (normal)

disP1ay control register (news/sub)

dlSP1ay mode reqister

active chaPter register

active ... register

active .01- register

;;? d~ta =eq~,ter

3,a - -

4th - -

LINKED PAGE NO, LIFO BUFFER

PAGE No. INPUT

BUFFER

ACO PAGE NO.

AC1 PACE No.

AC2 PAGE NO.

AC3 PAGE N..

CYW PAGE NO.

INDEX PAGE No.

~,.. ..... .A,u.m.

“

....................................*~ ..................

.

.

.

Pm

,,0.

cm

DISP

DISC

,,”..

AVOL

BRIL

KEY

~N“”o

lRW1

1RW2

1R~3

1RW4

DIFFH

DIFFL

lRH

IRL

IRcODE

1RCNT

lRCMCT

OLDIR

..,,?’

PL L DIVIDE WTIO MSB

PLL

DIVIDE MTIO

LSB

WORK I,.

WP COUNTER

WCAL XEYWMD COUNTER

12,8.s {inc, fzee r“””ing)

12,8ms (i”., reset every 1S d“,inq tra”, ient)

3.25 S [de., automatic standby timeout)

12.8.s (cleared for .0.24 delay when Paqe a=rives)

12.8.s (i”., transient mute)

TMSIEMT DISP~Y SECONDS COUNTER

0: TV/TELETEXT

1: IIC R/W

2: HOLD

3: IR REPEAT INHIBIT

4: TWSIENT DISPMY ON

S: T1~ HOLD

6: SUB-PAGE MODE

7: lR TASK PENDING

0: KEY FUNCTION PERFO=D

1: WCAL RZPEATING

2: P/c PROG : 0, CM : 1

3: MUTE (TmSIENT)

4: OSD STATUS TWSIENT

5: MUTE (BUTTON)

6: COINCIDENCE MUTE

7: SZ~CH

$55 AT RESET, $~ NO&WLLY

CURRENT PROCW NU~ER

CURRENT CMNEL NU~ER

CURRENT DISP~Y NU=ER lPRO=W)

CURRENT DISPUY NU~ER (CMNEL)

FINE TUNING REG1STER

“oL”m LZ=L

BR1LLIMCE LE~L

CODE OF PRESSED KEY (mCAL)

LED DISP~Y M

1, INTERRUPT TE~

.“.

. . .

,. .

lR TIW DIFF~RENCE

. .

IR cODE BIT

COLUCTION

38


40/472

27

27

::

27

,,

;1 0000006.

27 0000006d

27 0000006.

27 0000006f

27

;7 00000070

27 00000071

2? 00000072

27 00000073

27 00000014

27 00000075

27 00000076

27 00000077

27

27

27 00000018

27

27

21

27 00000079

2,

21

21

27

27

,7

51

21

;; 0000007.

27

>,

;+

;;

27

27

;;

;;

27

27

21 0000007b

27 0000007.

27 OO00007d

27 Oooooole

21 oQo0007r

21 00000080

27 00000081

27 00000082

27 00000083

27 00000084

21 00000085

27 00000086

27 00000081

27 00000088

27 00000089

27 0000008,

27 OOOOOO@b

27 0000006.

27 Ooooooed

27 0000008e

27 OOOOO08C

27 00000090

27 00000091

27 00000092

>7

........................................................

.

.

.

m allocationor Ste,

eoto”

.

........................................................

xl

LVL

;?L

HW

TONE

-TRIx

K2

sTAT5

.

.

.

.

.

,

.

STAT 6

,

.

.

.

.

.

.

STAT7

.

.

,

.

.

,

.

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

12

22

1

SECTION .M2, C0~

w 128

SECTION R0M2

X },ROW~, =010”,

R.” ad~res, ,

Winao.

colon,

ROW 2, color

R.. atidre,s c

Window CO1O”.

ROW 3, colouc

ROW address ‘

Window C.1OUX

ROW 4, CO1OU,

ROW ,d&,e,, ,

Wind.” CO1O”,

Row 5. ..10.,

Row address ‘

Window CO1OUZ

ROW 6, CO1OUZ

R.. aaaze., 6

W1”dow CO1OU,

ROW 7, CO1OU,

R.. add,,,, ‘

Window CO1O..

ROW 8, C.1OU.

Row address ‘

Window CO1OU.

1/2 6 .“tline enable

character site

& end col-

1/2 6 o“tli. e enable

character size

‘ end col-

112 ‘ o“tli.e enable

character ,1,,

‘ end col-

1/2 ‘ outline enable

character

size

, end .01-.

1[2 , o“tl,.,e enable

character ,1,,

‘ end col -

1/2 & Outline enable

character ,1,,

‘ e“d col-

112 ‘ .utl.ne enable

character sire

‘ end col-

112 ‘ o“tli”e e.abl,

character ,1.,

& end col-

“N”SED

23 BYTES USED FOR STACK

(1 INTERRUPT MD 9 NESTED SUBS I

39


41/472

........................................................

:;

.

33

.

.

T.1.t.xt/Tv switching.

34

.

.

35

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

,.

.“

31 00000000

38 00000003

39 00000006

40 00000008

41 0000O OO b

42 0000O OO d

43 O oo oo oo f

44 00000011

45 00000013

46 00000015

47 00000018

48 0000001 ,

49 0000O O1d

50 00000020

5 : 00000022

52 00000024

53 00000026

54 00000028

55 0000002 ,

:: 00 00 00 2.

,,

58 o oo 0002 f

59 00000032

60 00000034

61 00000037

62 0000003 .

63 0000003 .

64 0000003 f

65 00000041

66 00000043

67 00000045

68 00000047

69 00000049

70 0000004b

71 0000004d

72 0000004f

13 00000051

74 00000054

75 00000056

76

77 00000059

78 0000005b

79 O oo oo osd

80 0000005 f

81 00000061

82 00000063

83 00000065

84 00000067

85 00000069

86 0000006b

87 0000006d

08 0000006f

89 00000071

90 00000073

91 00000075

92 00000077

93 00000079

94 0000007 .

95 0000007b

,000037

>0.0074

>1000

>edoooo

,616

>b700

>1900

,1900

,,roo

,obooo*

,Iboo

>040003

>cd OOOO

a 6..

,b700

.646

,b, oo

>b$oo

>b, oo

>..0000

>0.0048

>1800

>090003

>cdOOOO

>1100

>cd OOOO

>1100

.610

>b700

>1900

>lbOO

,603

>b, oc

>b, oo

>3f00

>cd OOOO

.602

>Ccoooo

,.602

.139

221b

.130

2517

>.601

.139

2211

,130

250d

>.600

.137

2207

.130

2503

>b700

81

99

81

WTX

TXTON

NOTT

UPDATE

TXTOFF

TXTOF

RST

TEST

0, STAT,

TXTOFf

6, STAT7 , PWIC

0 , S TAT

OsDx

#S16

RI

4,

STAT

4, STAT2

7, STAT2

5, STAT, NOTT

5 , S TAT

2, STAT, NOTT

NOTTH

*SCC

R5

4$46

R6

ACC

R4

TW2

6, STAT7 , PWIC

4, STAT2

4 , S TAT, T XT OF F

NOTTH

0 , S TAT

OSDLE

O, STAT

*$10

RI

4 , S TAT

5 , S TAT

+s03

RS

R6

R7

40


42/472

192

193

194

195

196

191

198

199

200

201

202

203

204

20s

206

207

20s

209

210

211

212

213

214

215

216

217

218

219

220

221

222

223

224

225

226

227

228

229

230

231

232

233

234

235

236

237

238

239

240

241

242

243

244

2

252

253

,s.

........................................................

.

.

.

Red,

Green

& Yello” keys

,

.

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RED

NPAGE

RED2

LPT2

GREEN

PPAGE

GWK

1Go

YEL~

ICI

UT

NTSAC

SKOSP

CMO

cOK

NOTH~

iEET

JSR

JSR

Bm

J w

:4

CLR

BRSET

JSR

JSR

BU

Jm

BRSET

BRCLR

LDA

BM

BRCLR

B R S B T

BRC~

LDA

STA

Ls m

mo

TX

JSR

BCS

UA

:E

SET

BM

~cLR

JSR

JSR

cm

=C LR

JSR

K

U&

P

DP

3,STAT3,RED2

LIMS

ON ?

NO, S0

FORCE

M 1 NCRWNT

A-Y REQUESTED ?

NO, GETIT

0000O1b

DOOOO1d

00000120

00000123

00000126

00000128

0000012b

0000012d

>cd OOOO

>cd OOOO

252c

>..0000

>b601

2025

1 NDXP

NOTOK3

LPT

C~D

ACC+1

LPT

ooo0012f

00000131

>3foo

>06000h

PDF

3,STAT3, G~K LINKS OX ?

NO, S0 MRCE A DECRWNT

ALR-Y

EQUESTED ?

NO,

GETIT

GYC BITS

EN-LED ?

GREENINK ON ?

>cd

OOOO

,.d OOOO

2518

>..0000

0.0103

>010061

>b602

200b

00000134

00000137

0000013,

0000013.

oo00013f

00000142

00000145

00000147

1 mxP

N0T0K2

LPT

C~D

6,PORTB, lGO

0,STAT3,-C

ACC+2

~T

90000149

0000014.

0000014C

00000152

00000154

00000156

90000157

00000159

0000015.

0000015d

Ooooolsr

00000161

00000163

00000165

00000161

00000169

0DOO016C

0000016f

00000172

00000174

0000017?

0000017.

0000017c

0000017,

00000180

00000182

00000184

00000187

00C00189

>07005.

OCO1O3

>030054

>b603

>b70C

,Vboo

>::0000

2547

>b600

>blOD

2604

>1400

2009

>Od0U03

>Cdoooo

>cdOOOO

>3f00

>050003

>cdOOOO

.60=

>b700

>b60 O

>b700

>b700

>Cdoooo

>1500

>..0000

3,STAT3, -C

6,P0RTB, Icl

1,sTAT3,mc

ACC+3

LINKS

ON 2

GYC

BITS EN~~D ?

YELW

LINKS ON ?

W3

.3

TEST

x2

X3 FOR PAGE POINTER

IS PAGE No. 0. ?

IF NOT ~RT

ACC NO

IF SW ACC CCT

THEN FORCE UNSTOP

MC

W3

ACC

NTSAC

2,STAT

Cmo

6,STAT, SKOSP

OUTSP

RSTR

PDP

2,sTAT,NOTHLD

NOHOLD

4SOF

C6

W3

ST*

STA

JSR

BC LR

J~

,4

ACC

CFND

2,STAT

TXT2

‘~..>>

CHECK ,@}~%& lF-&lGH DO NOTHING

IF m%. (PA~ FOwD) C=~ FOUNDS

TO ~g~,:;>mCHING OF LINKS.

.+.4%$ ...’.’’.”””..”.:

...............................+.

,

.’ .,*

.

Index ‘ Cyan keys,

~,,,

.

.

.

........... ..............*............. ............... ...

. .

255

256 0000018. .eOf

257 0000018. >cdOOOO

258 0000D191 2414

259 00000193 >ccOOOO

,07000d CYM B.CL. .* S9.*TA+2.mc LINKS

ON ?

GYC

BITS EN=UD

CYM

L1~ ON ?

6,STAT RESET PAGE WDE

PDP

PAGO+2,X

Pu

C2

PAGO+l, X

PT

c1

WA

S

TA

SUB

STA

JSR

LDA

STA

LDA

STA

LDA

ST%

LDA

s T*

J SR

LDA

S

TA

C LR

LDA

STA

BC R

JSR

JSR

J,R

J W

FAGO, X

PB

~S18

.3

lNDX

PH

PAGO,X

PT

PACO+l, X

Pu

,AGO+2 ,x

Acc

.8

1,,

iiso

R1l

R9

:0

2,STAT

RESET HOLD F~G

TXT38

TM 1 DISPMY TOP ROW

SfND SET FOUXOB

TXT1

%;

OOOOO1df >1500 CYOK

298 000001.1 >cdOOOO

299 000001,4 >cdOOOO

300 000001.7 >.dOOOO

301 Ooooo lea >,.0000

42


43/472

303

........................................................

304

.

305

.

306

G.C linked yqe no, ‘ allocate t. AC C,.

.

.

307

.,,,..,...,,,., .........”..... ................ ..........

i08

309

310

311

312

313

314

315

316

317

318

319

320

321

322

323

324

325

326

327

328

329

330

331

332

333

334

00000 led >b600

0000O1ef ab04

oOoOO1rl >b700

000001f3

>3roo

0000O1fS ,601

0000O1fl >b100

000001f9 a6ff

0000O1fb >b701

0000O1fd >b702

0000O1ff >b103

00000201 >cdOOOO

00000204 >3.00

00000206 >b600

00000208 >b700

0000020. ad43

0000020. 2406

0000020. >beoo

00000210 >.700

00000212 2003

00000214 >cdOOOO

00000217 >b600

00000219 ab06

O000021b >b100

0000021d >b600

0000021f .103

00000221 25.1

335

336 00000223 >cdOOOO

337 00000226 >3f00

338 00000228 .604

339 0000022. >b700

340

341 0000022. >3.00

342 0000022, >beOO

343 00000230 >,600

344 00000232 alff

345 00000234 2612

346 00000236 >CdOOOO

347 00000239 >b600

348 0000023b >cdOOOO

349 0000023. >beOO

3S0 00000240 >.700

351 00000242 >cdOOOO

352 00000245 >cdOOOO

353 00000248 >b600

354 0000024, alO1

355 0000024. 22de

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365 0000024f >h600

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366 00000251 a113

367 00000253 2203

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368 00000255 >07006.

369 00000258 ,610 co. 4

370 0000025, >cdODOO

371 0000025d >b601

372 0000025f >caOOOO

373 00000262 >b7D0

374 00000264 >b600

375 00000266 >CdOOOO

376 00000269 >b700

371 0000026b >b600

378 0000026d >b700

379 0000026f >cdOOOO

38o 00000272 >,600

381 00000274 >b700

382

383 00000276 >.

384 00000219 >0

305 0000027. >0

386 000D027f %

387 00000281 &t+2

3B8 00000283 Sk

389 0000 85 72

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403 000002,6 >b601

404 000002,8 >cdOOOO

405 000002ab >b700

406 000002ad >b600

401 000002. f >cdOOOO

40e 000002b2 >b700

409 000002b4 20c0

410

411 000002b6

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412 000002b9 .018

413 000002bb >b700

414 000002bd ,604

415 000002bf >..0000

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43’


44/472

417

418

419

420

421

422

423

424

425

426

427

428

429

430

43

432

433

434

435

436

4,7

438

439

44C

44:

442

443

444


45/472

523

........................................................

524

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525

1s Page already 1“ M ?

526

.

527

........................................................

,28

531

532

533

534

535

536

537

538

539

541

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530 00000370 >b600

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541

542

543

544

545

546

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554

555

556

557

558 00000395 >3.00

575

576

517

578

579

580

581

S82

583

S84

585

586

S87

588

589

590

591

592

593

594

59s

596

59,

598

599

600

601

602

603

604

605

606

607

608

609

610

611

612

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45


46/472

633

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

634

635

.

.

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636

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.

637

.

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Cyan 6 Index links . link control wt..

638

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.

639

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

640

641 00000409

642 0000040b

643 000004Dd

644 00000410

645 00000412