Apuntes de inglés A1 A2

8/15/2019 Apuntes de inglés A1 A2

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INGLÉS A1-A2

2012–2013

NEW MACEGOLD

&

CARPE VITAE

CARLOS TOMÁS MARTÍNEZ



Índice New Macegold

Pronombres Personales_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 02

Artículos A, An, The_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 02

To be_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 02

Saludos, despedidas, introducciones_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0

Abre!iaturas_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0"This#That_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0"

To ha!e#To do_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0$

Present simple_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0%

Ad&eti!os posesi!os _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0'

(ran&as horarias, numeros, notas )tiles_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0'

Present simple negati!e * interrgati!e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ +0

Present ontinuous_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ++

Past simple_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ +2

Pas simple negati!e * interrogati!e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ +2

-rden de ad&eti!os_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ +"

Preposiciones_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ +"

.nterrogati!e words_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ +$

Past continous_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ +/

ontables e incontables_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ +/

Plurales irregulares _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ +%

There is#There are_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ +%

Índice arpe itae

Personal pronouns, Possessi!es, To be, Articles_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ +'

To be negati!e * interrogati!e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20

This1These, That1Those, ere1There, There is1There are_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20To do_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2+

Modal !erbs_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2+

To ha!e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2+

uantiti!os_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2+

3eniti!o Sa&4n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22

ours_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22

Prepositions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2

-b&ect Pronouns_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2

Past simple_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2

So do ., Neither do ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2

Ad&ecti!es_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2"

5in6 7ords_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2"

ocabulario_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2$

1



89S- .NT9-:8.;N N<7 MA<3-5:+/102120+2

A ei = bi si : di < i ( ef 3 gi eich . ai

> jei ? kei 5 el M em N en - ou P pi @ kiu 9 ar

S es T ti 8 iu vi 7 dubliu ecs B uái C sed

Pronombres Personales

. yo

Bou tu

e1She él/ella

.t neutro 7e nosotros/as

Bou vosotros/as

TheD ellos/as

Artículos A, An, The

A Si la palabra empieza por consonante.

An Si empieza por vocal, salvo o !.

(Ambos son artículos indefinidos)

The "rt#culo definido.

erbo To =e

$ am, %ou are, &e is, She is, $t is, 'e are, %ou are, (hey are.

$ am a teacher.

%ou are an employer.

&e is a police officer.

She is an office )orker.

$t is a pen/ $t is the pen *+efiriéndose a un boli cualuiera o a uno en concreto-

'e are people/ the people *ente en general, o unas personas en concreto-

%ou are students.

(hey are secretaries.



20102120+2

3reetings ESaludosF

ood 0orning 2uenos 3ias.

ood "fternoon 4ara después del medio d#a.

ood !vening 5 " partir de las 6 o las 7.8ice to see you again 0e allegro de volver a verte.

Saludos .nGormales

&o) you doing/&o) are you doing9

'hat:s going on9

'hat:s happening9

'hat:s up9

'hat:s ne)9

.ntroductions

&ello, ho) are you9

$ am )ell /fine/o.k., thank you /thanks. "nd you9

$ am ok too.

;tras respuestas más informales podr#an ser Not Bad, Not too bad, so so *as# as#-, se

usan cuando yo se tiene confianza con el interlocutor. na situaci<n más formal

podr#a ser asi=

&o) do you do9 (Podría traducirse “¿Cmo esta usted!")

&o) do you do9 (#e res$onde con la misma $re%unta)

0y name is 2enny.

8ice to meet you.

8ice to meet you too (forma corriente)/ 4lease to meet you (formal)

'hat is your name9

0y name is>

:espedidas

ood bye/ 2ye 2ye/ 2ye.

See you later/tomorro).

ood 8ight 5 2uenas noches, solo se usa para despedidas.

:espedidas .nGormales

(ake care 5 ?uidate

(ake it easy 5 4odr#a traducirse como @ue vaya bienA

?heers *2!- (ambién se usa para brindar y para decir gracias.

B



Abre!iaturas en lengua&e coloHuial

. am 5 i:m

Bou are 5 you:re

e .s 5 he:s

She is 5 she:s.t is 5 it:s

7e are )e:re

Bou are 5 you:re

TheD are 5 the:re

4ara preguntar se invierte= "m i9 "re you9 $s &e9

Abre!ituras en Negati!o

$ am not/ i:m not

%ou are not/ you arenCt

&e/she/it is not 5 he/she/it isn:t

'e/you/they are not )e/you/they aren:t

Abre!ituras en .nterrogati!o

'hat:s my name9 your name9 his name9 her name9 its name9 our name9 your name9

their name9

0rseDor, 0rsseDora casada, 0ssseDorita, 0sseDora no se sabe si casada o no

&o) old are you9/ is he/she9

$:am B years old/ $:m B

!s importante recordar ue los aDos @se sonA no @se tienenA.

2+102120+2

This1ThatThis I Se utiliza para seDalar algo cercano. Su forma plural es these.

That I Se utiliza para seDalar algo alejado, su plural es those.

'hat is this9 E 'hat:s this9

'hat is that9 E 'hat:s that9

'hat are these9/ 'hat are those9

4ara seDalar a personas se utiliza whoJ

'ho is that9/ 'ho is this9 (“¿&uien es ese!" se ha de tener en cuenta 'ue en in%ls notiene mati des$ecti*o)

F



(ambién pude usarse con el pronombre personal, 'ho is he/she9

Si te preguntan por algo ue esta cerca del interlocutor pero lejos de ti se adapta=

'hat is this9

(his is a 2lackboard2102120+2

To a!e ETener1tomarF To :o E!erbo auKiliar1hacerF

. ha!e a car

Bou a!e a pen

e has a house

She has a book

.t has a bone

7e ha!e a class

Bou ha!e a teacherTheD ha!e a telephone

!l verbo to do se utiliza como verbo auGiliar para formar frases negativas e

interrogativas.

. :o/ don:t *3o not, esta forma complete se usa para negar con énfasis-

Bou do/don:t

He de! /doesn+t (o not)

S"e de! / doesn+t

I# de! / doesn+t

7e do/don:t

Bou do/don:t

TheD do/don:t

$ don:t have an apple

:o you ha!e a car9

%es $ do/ 8o $ don:t (#e utilia el to do $ara la res$uesta, no el *erbo $rinci$al)

:oes she ha!e a car9

%es she does/ 8o she doesn:t

'hat do you do9 (¿A 'u te dedicas!

'hat does she do9

$ don:t kno) (no lo se)

o I ha*e a date! oes "e ha*e a table! oes $# ha*e a name! o %"e ha*e a clock!

o ' ha*e a $encil! o the- ha*e a radio!

6



2%102120+2

erbos en present simple

Se debe tener en cuenta ue la tercera personal del singular *he/she/it- cambia la

forma del verbo. ?omo se ha visto en la secci<n anterior para la forma interrogativa de

la tercera persona del singular no se altera, pero lo hará en su lugar el verbo auGiliardo.

To Arri!e

. arrive

Bou arrive

e1She1 .t arrives

7e arrive

Bou arrive

TheD arrive

3o i arrive9 %es i do/8o $ donCt

3o you arrive9 5%es you do/ 8o you don:t

3oes he/she/it arrive9 5%es he does/ 8o he doesn:t

3o )e arrive9 5%es )e do/8o )e don:t

3o you arrive9 5%es you do/ 8o you don:t

3o they arrive9 5%es they do/ 8o they don:t

To =egin

. begin

Bou begin

e1She1 .t begins

7e begin

Bou begin

TheD begin

To :rin6. drink

Bou drink

e1She1 .t drinks

7e drink

Bou drink

TheD drink

7



To ome EenirF

. come

Bou come

e1She1 .t comes

7e comeBou come

TheD come

To <at

. eat

Bou eat

e1She1 .t eats

7e eat

Bou eat

TheD eat

To 5ea!e E:e&arF

. /Bou leave

e1She1 .t leaves

7e1Bou1TheD leave

To 5i6e. /Bou like

e1She1 .t likes

7e1Bou1TheD like

To 5i!e

. /Bou live

e1She1 .t lives

7e1Bou1TheD live

To Practice

. /Bou practice

e1She1 .t practices

7e1Bou1TheD practice

To Pronounce

. /Bou pronounce

e1She1 .t pronounces7e1Bou1TheD pronounce

H



To Spea6

. /Bou speak

e1She1 .t speaks

7e1Bou1TheD speak

*Se usa para referirse a hablar un idioma, o a hablar a un grupo de gente, como daruna conferencia-

To Tal6

. /Bou talk

e1She1 .t talks

7e1Bou1TheD talk

To :iscuss E:iscutir, debatirF

. /Bou discuss

e1She1 .t discusses

7e1Bou1TheD discuss

To Argue

. /Bou argue

e1She1 .t argues

7e1Bou1TheD argue

(ener una discursion 5 to have an argument.

8o me gusta tener una discursion 5 i don:t like to have an argument.

8o me gusta discutir i don:t like to argue.

To teachJ teach, teaches. To undersantd *entender-= understand, understands.

To wor6J 'ork, )orks. To readJ read, reads. To writeJ )rite, )rites.

To runJ +un, runs. To sendJ send, sends. To plaDJ play, plays.

To wantJ )ant, )ants. To searchJ Search, sarchs. To goJ go, goes.

To learnJ learn, learns. To listen EescucharFJ listen, listens. To hear EoirFJ hear, hears.To openJ open, opens. To closeJ close, closes. To wal6J )alk, )alks.

To tDpe EteclearFJ type, types. To wash Ela!arFJ )ash, )ashes. To catchJ catch, catches.

To watch Emirar Gi&amente, obser!arFJ 'atch, )atches. (o 6nowJ Ino), Ino)s.

To needJ need, needs. To TrD Eprobar, intentarFJ (ry, tries.

To taste EprobarFJ (aste, tastes.

J



2L102120+2

Possessi!es

MD 0io

Bour (uyo

is1er Suyo.ts Suyo neutro

-ur nuestro

Bour vuestro

Their de ellos

(ran&as horarias

$n the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening.

"t 8oon/0idday *"!2!- *0edio dia-, "t night, "t 0idnight

Numbers

0 zero/oh *00Kdouble oh- + ;ne, 2 t)o, three, " four, $ five, / siG, % seven, L eight, '

nine, +0 ten.

++ eleven, +2 t)elve, + thirteen, +" fourteen, +$ fifteen, +/ siGteen, +% seventeen, +L

eigteen, +' nineteen, 20 t)enty. *2+ t)enty one, 22 t)enty t)o, etc-

0 thirty, "0 forty, $0 fifty, /0 siGty, %0 seventy, L0 eighty, '0 ninety, +00 one hundred/

a hundred.

+000 ;ne thousand/ a thousand. 20+2 t)o thousand and t)elve/ t)enty t)elve

*L,1 se fracciona la cifra para agilizar pero solo para aDos.-

talk ( )# ith m- sister. " lot/lots se usa tanto para cosas contables como no

contables.

0$10120+2 * 0/10120+2

9ecodarotiro de estructura correctaJ $ arrive to clase late *ue, donde, cuando-

$ come to my house in the evening.

$ practice english at home every day.

(hey lisen to the song on the radio *a lisen siempre le sigue to-

$ )alk in the country on monday *los d#as de la semana siempre precedidos de on-

*contry se traduce como campo o pais, campo de cultivo o de deporte se dice Gield-

M



Neces se traduce como times 3os veces t)o times, tres veces three times, etc. na

vez se dice once time.

$ think about my problems. *"bout significa a cerca de-

!so creo se puede traducir como= $ think so, o i believe so.

Orom P E (o % *3esde au# hasta au#, se usa para preguntar direcciones-

Negati!es

.1Dou don:t

e1she1it doesn:t

7e1Dou1theD don:t

$ am not/ $:m not

%ou are not/ you aren:t

&e is not/ he isnt:t

She is not/she isn:t

(he students dont have a class

0he-

Qames doesnt speak spanish

1e

!s importante observar ue como el verbo ya esta conjugado en el auGiliar do al

principal no se le cambia la forma *se mantiene como speak, no cambia a speaks-

(he students go to school on Sundays E (he students dont go to school on Sundays

don+t do an- thin%. $ don:t )ant to sing a song. $ don:t play any sports.

NotaJ 8o es correcto poner dos negativos juntos en la misma frase.

.nterrogati!e

To beJ Am !, Are -ou! s he/she /it! Are e!, Are the-!

"re you students9 "m i a techaer9 'hat:s your name9 )ho are you9

R$mportante recordar ue en interrogativo el verbo siempre va delante

%ou are techer E "re you teacher9

!l resto de verbos necesitan del auGiliar do

1L



3o you like oranges9 3oes she speak spanish9 3o you arrive to the train in time9

'ich hotel9

'here are you9

'hen do you come9'here are you coming from9

'here are you from9/'here do you come from9 *"!-

.nterrogati!e O negati!e

3onTt you like the pizza9

3oesnTt he speak spanish9

Presente continuoSe usa para hablar del momento actual o de planes a corto plazo. 8o confundir con el

presente simple, ue se usa para rutinas o hechos.

To be O ing

$:m speaking/ i:m not speaking

%ou:re listening / you:re not listening

&e/She is playing/ $sn:t playing

$:m sitting/$:m not sitting

%ou:re listening/ you aren:t listening

'hat are you doing tonight9

$:m coking, $:m studing, $:m eating at home, $:m diner, etc.

NotaJ 8o usar @going to>A ya ue es una forma de futuro, !l verbo go se conjuga

directo. +m %oin% home.

Ua estructura correcta de una frase es SujetoNerbo3onde?uando. Si hay más de un

elemento de lugar y/o tiempo se ordena de menor a mayor.

$:m Sleeping at home tonight.

$:m meeting )hit some friends to have a drink in a pub in a central park this evening.

'hat are you doing on the )eekend9

$ don:t: kno) )hat $:m doing on the )eekend.

*!n presente simple por ue es un hecho, el resto en continuo por ue es futuro-

2 $ersona 3 $erson, m4s de una $ersona 3 $eo$le.

11



.nterrogati!a negati!a continua

"renTt you )atching tv9

$snTt she drinking9

2210120+2

Past SimpleTo be

$ 'as

%ou 'ere

&e/She/$t 'as

'e 'ere

%ou 'ere

(hey 'ere

'e )ere at the School in 1MM6.(he fridge )as empty this morning.

.nGiniti!e1Past E!er lista de !erbosF

(o be, 'as/'ere

(o have, &ad

(o do, 3id

(o arrive, "rrived

(o Uive, Uived

$ did the home)ork yesterday.

She arrived the last 0onday.

$t rained last night.

Past Negati!e

$ 'asn:t

%ou 'eren:t

&e/She/$t 'asn:t'e 'eren:t

%ou 'eren:t

(hey 'eren:t

$ )asn:t good student.

%ou )eren:t in your house.

3id E 3id 8ot *abreviado 3idn:t-

%ou didn:t studD yesterday.

1



$ didn:t ha!e plans for holidays.

*!l verbo mantiene la forma porue se conjuga el auGiliar 3id-

Past .nterrogati!e

'as $9 'here you9 'as &e/She $t9 'here 'e/%ou/(hey9

'here you in your house this morning9 'as $ a good singer9

8otese ue en interrogativo el verso se pone delante.

$ )as a good Singer E 'as $ a good Singer9

!l resto de verbos necesitan el uGiliar :id

3id she watch the film yesterday9

3id $ lose the keys9

3id )e pass the test9

*!l verbo mantiene la forma porue se conjuga el auGiliar 3id-

Past interrogati!e negati!e

3idnTt you like the film9

1B



Ad&ecti!es -rder 0210"120+2

!l sufijo @ishA tras un color forma un nuevo adjetivo= reddish, bluish, %reenish, -elloish, oran%ish... *rojizo, azulado,

verdoso, amarillento, anarajado-. Siempre de peueDo a grande= the books is on the table in the room. $ have a

test at 1L ".0. on 0onday.

Prepositions

1F



-ther Prepositions

Orom " present from Qane.

;f " page of the book, the picture of a palace.

2y " book by 0ark ()ain.

;n ;n foot on horseback, et on the bus.

$n et in the car.

;ff et off the train.

;ut of et out of the taGi.

2y 4rices have risen by 1L percent. 2y car, by bus.

"t She learned +ussian at F6.

@uestions +010"120+2 I 210"120+2

7hat VWué9 V?uál9 V?uáles9 5hat is -our father+s last name! 7hich VWué9 V?uál9 V?uáles9 'hich film is better9 *refiriendose a dos-

7here V3<nde9 V"d<nde9 5here is -our ne black coat!

7hen V?uándo9 5hen is -our birthda-!

7hD V4or ué9 5h- is this car so e6$ensi*e!

7ho VWuién9 VWuiénes9 5ho are the %u-s $la-in% ith 7eor%e!

ow V?<mo9 V?uán9 1o do -ou like the $ia!

5here do -ou ha*e coffee! (¿onde tomas caf!)

5here are -ou ha*in% coffee! (¿nde est4s tomando caf!)

5here did -ou ha*e coffee! (¿nde tomabas caf!

16



Past continuous 2"10"120+2

Se forma con . was1were O .N3 Se utiliza para una acci<n en un tiempo concreto.

8 as cam$in% out in 9aster.

8 as atchin% 0: last ni%ht.

4ara decir ue una acci<n fue interrumpida se necesitan dos acciones, una larga

*)as/)ere X ing- y la ue se interrumpe.

8 as takin% a shoer hen -ou arri*ed.

8 as atchin% t* hen the kid cried.

ount Noncount 2/10"120+2

?ontables si podemos contarlo o si sabemos el numero eGacto. $ncontables si no se

pueden contar *por ejemplo agua-. "lgunas no coinciden con el espaDol, por ejemplo

cake es incontable, el contble ser#a @a piece of cakeA.

Some= "lgunos *no sabemos numero eGacto-. Se usa en contables e incontables. #ome

books, some a$$les, some cats. / #ome ater, some cake, some $a$er, some fish,

some mone-.

A lotJ 0ucho. Se usa en contables e incontables. A lot of books, a lot of mone-.

A GewJ nos pocos, algunos. Se usa con contables. A fe books.

ManDJ 0uchos. Se usa en contables ;an- books.

A littleJ n poco. Se usa en incontables. " little money.

MuchJ 0ucho. Se usa en incontables ;uch mone-.

<Kcepciones al plural

0an0en , 'oman'omen, (ooth *diente- 5 (eeth, OootOeet, 0ouse0ice, Shelf *estante- Shelves, Ueaf Ueves, Uoaf *barra-Uoaves.

Uos no contables no usan el art#culo=

" bread E " loaf of bread

" )ater E " glass of )ater

17



There is1There Are

There is1There Are significa &ay. 0here is an a$$le on the table. 0here are four a$$les

on the table.

Uas formas de pasado son There was y There were *&ab#a-.

!n interrogativo= is there, are there, was there, were there,

!n negativo= there isnQt, there arenQt, there wasnQt, there werenQt

Ua forma futura es there will be *&abrá-.

0%10$120+2

4ara referirse a cosas ue hac#amos antes pero ya no se utiliza . used to.

used to $la- *ideo%ames hen as 2<.

3espués de like va ing= #he likes bu-in% clothes, #he doesn+t like bu-in% food.

1H



CURSO CARPE VITAE 2012-2013

17/10/2012

Personal Pronouns Possessive Adjectives

I We I-My We-Our You You You-Your You-Your

He They He-His They-Their

She She-Her

It It- Its

To be To be abreviado

I Am We Are I’m We’re

You Are You Are You’re You’re

He Is They Are He’s They’re

She Is She’s

It Is It’s

Articles

A boy/ A girl. An Indian/ An eagle.

The house/ The car. The boys/ The irls.

22/10/2012

To understand- !ntender.

To mean- "uerer decir# signi$icar.

To know- Saber# %onocer.

I’m Sorry- &o siento.Excuse me- 'iscul(eme.

29/10/2012

Todo lo )ue acaba en *ci+n, en es(aol es *tion, en ingls %onstitution# 0e1elation#

0elation2

!l To delante de un 1erbo denota )ue est3 en in$initi1o# es e)ui1alente a las $ormas ar# er# ir del

es(aol. To loo4# to s(ea4# to 5al42 (ara $ormar el im(erati1o se su(rime el to.

Aadiendo el su$i6o *er, a los 1erbos )ue son de acci+n se $orma una (alabra deri1ada

!at-!ater 7comedor8# 'rin-4er# Wal-4er# Teach-er.

1M



30/10/2012

To be (negative

I am not - I9m not We are not - We aren9t

You are not - You aren9t You are not - You aren9t

He is not - He isn9t They are not - They aren9t

She is not - She isn9tIt is not - It isn9t

—Are you student?

—Yes I'm student.

—No I'm not a student.

05/11/012 - 18/11/2012

So (uede signi$icar as:# tan o asi )ue.

= don>t think so (así).

=0hat car is so e6$ensi*e... (tan). s not so rich 8no es tan rico8.

= as ill so sta-ed at home (así 'ue).

What "ue# ;"u...<# ;'e )u<# etc.

=What I thin4 7lo )ue (ienso8.

=What color is your car<

>erbo ? ing (ara $orar el gerundio To come @ coming.

Solo el 1erbo# sin el to# es (ara $ormar un im(erati1o.

26/11/2012

Interrogative - A!irmative - "egative

To be ? su6eto ? 2< Is the school chea(<

Su6eto ? to be. The school is chea(.

egati1o ? to be. The school is not chea(.

Is te !ar ne"? #e !ar $s ne". #e !ar $s not ne".

Is te os%$ta& ar? #e os%$ta& $s ar. #e os%$ta& $s not ar.

28/11/2012

The car is ne5 71erb ad68.

Tat is a ne5 car 7ad6 sustan8.

The students are intelligent.The intelligent students are laBy.

T#is$T#ese% !ste/!stos. #$s $s my !ar( #ese are my !ars.

T#at$T#ose A)uel/A)uellos 7o !se/!sos8. #at $s my !ar( #ose are my !ars.

&ere$T#ere% A)u:/All:.

T#ere is$T#ere are% hay 7Indi1idual/(lural8 #ere $s a )oo*( #ere are )oo*s.

L



03/12/2012

To do 'resent sim'le

I do @ do not 7don9t8

You do @ do not 7don9t8

He/She/It does @ does not 7doesn9t8

We/You/They do @ do not 7don9t8

-+o you &$*e $ta&$an ood?

-Yes I do/No I don't , Yes I &$*e $ta&$an ood/No I don't &$*e $ta&$an ood.

%uando se usa la tercera (ersona se con6uga el auCiliar en lugar del 1erbo

- Does se &$e $n ar$s?

-Yes se does /No se doesn't , Yes( se lives $n ar$s/ No( se doesn't &$e $n ar$s.

odal verbs

o utiliBan 'o como auCiliar-To be 7ser/estar8.

-To ha1e got 7tener8.

-%an 7(oder8.

-Must 7deber -de boligaci+n-8.

-May 7(oder re$ieriendose a (edir (ermiso -May I hel( you<-8.

You are not a ood r$end nun!a you don't are.

ae you ot a ar?.

an I e&% you?.

You must not o out.

4ay I o%en te door?.

10/12/2012

To #ave

I ha1e# You ha1e# He/She/It has# 5e/you/they/ha1e.

Al contrario )ue ha1e got# si admite auCiliares. To ha1e to signi$ica *tener )ue,# denota

obligaci+n.

+o you ae a !ar?.

I ae to study.

12/12/2012

)uantitativos

Much @ mucho# Many @ Muchos.

A lot o$ @ un mont+n de.

1



07/01/2013

*enitivo Saj+n (Posesivo

Al (oseedor/es se le aade un a(ostro$o y una ese

ose's !ar $s &ue.

#e "omen' s )oo*s.

Si la (alabra acaba en ese se aade solamente el a(ostro$o 798.ar&es' ouse.

4y )roters' room &a a)$ta!n de m$s ermanos.

Tambin se em(lea con nombres de animales# nombres de (a:ses# ciertas eC(resiones de tiem(o#

es(acio# distancia# (eso# etc..

#e !at's ears as oreas de& ato.

:ran!e's !$t$es &as !$udades de :ran!$a.

Yesterday's meet$n a reun$n de ayer.

A m$&e's "a&* ;n %aseo de una m$&&a.

!l (osesi1o mediante la (re(osici+n o$ se una normalmente cuando el (oseedor no es una

(ersona.

#e "$ndo" o te ouse a entana de &a !asa.

%ombinar el geneti1o con o$ (uede ser1ir (ara distinguir el sentido de (ro(iedad.

A %oto o eter's ;na oto de edro( &a oto es de su %ro%$edad.

A %oto o eter ;na oto de edro( de su %ersona.

Se debe tener en cuenta )ue el uso del geneti1o (uede cambiar el sentido de la $rase.

on and Ann's !ars os !o!es son de am)os.

on's and Ann's !ars ada uno t$ene su %ro%$o !o!e.

1</01/2013

!l su$i6o *ly, es)ui1ale a *mente, !om%&ete&y( onest&y( )or$n&y.

o se debe (oner *I don9t go ne1er,# la $orma correcta es I never go,

Plus se usa (ara sumas de numeros s$= %&us $e e>ua&s e&een.

Tambin (uede ser sinonimo de adem3s. I ae a !ar and %&us I ae a motor)$*e.

16/01/2013&ours

Se1en o clock # uarter to eight# &al! 'ast eight# uarter 'ast siC# Ten 'ast $our.

D days/hours ago @ hace D horas/dias.



18/02/2013

Pre'ositions

To E a. To t#e E al# a la# a los# a las... #o te !$nema( to te !ur!.

.! E de. T#e E !l/la &os/las.

In% years# months# seasons# 5ee4# moring.

.n% days# dates.At% night# time 7cloc48# $esti1als 7christmas# easter# hallo5een...8

0</03/2013

.bject Pronouns

I-Me We-Fs

You-You You-You

He-Him They-Them

She-Her

It- It

Se utiliBan cuando se sustituye el su6eto (or el ob6eto directo.

an you e&% me?

I !an e&% you.

an you see $m?

$e $t to er.

$e $t a *$!*.

an you see us?

I see you.

e !an e&% tem.

25/03/2013

To be ('ast sim'le

I 5as# /ou 5here# &e$S#e$It 5as# /ou 5here# T#ey 5here.

25/03/2013 - B1

"ota% going to como $orma de $uturo (roCimo# similar a *1oy a, # *1a a,# *1amos a,...

I'm o$n to "at! a $&m. I'm o$n to o so%%$n on @aturday.

Are you o$n to o so%%$n? at are you o$n to )uy?

e $s o$n to &eae $s o)s.

e are o$n to )oy a ouse near te )ea!.

So do I% Yo tambin. "eit#er do I% Yo tam(oco. .#0 I do yo s:. .#0 I1m not$I don1t% Yo no.

1I &oe trae&&$n. 2I don't o out mu!. 3I don't &$*e !y!&$n. <I'm a eetar$an.

!l *do, cambia con la $orma 1erbal So does she# So do 5e... o con el tiem(o

—#ey dan!ed —@o d$d I.

—e "ent out or a "a&*. —@o d$d "e

!l *do, se cambia (or los 1er1os can y be - I !an't s"$m -Ne$ter !an I. -@e $s ta&& -@o am I.

*'o,Tambin debe ada(tarse a $ormas como 5ill y 5oul

-#ey "ou&d do $t $ tey !ou&d. -@o "ou&d "e. B&&os &o arCan s$ %ud$eran. Nosotros tam)$Dn.

B



28/03/2013 E B1

Adjetivos

Towns1ities People 7eather (ood

$ndustrial, 4olluted,

(ouristy,

?osmopolitan,

?ro)ded *concurrido-

'elcoming

*acogedor-

&elpful *Servicial-

+elaGed +eserved

'et, Oreezing,

?hangeable, 'indy

3elicious, Spicy, 2land

*templado,poco

fuerte-

&ealthy, Salty

2ride signi$ica *no1ia, y *room *no1io, (ero solo durante la ceremonioa. Antes son )oyr$end

y $r&r$end # y des(us us)and y $e.

10/0</2013 E B1

3et1s 4 verbo 5 im'erativo 'lural&et9s go E 1amos# &et9s drin4 E 1e1amos# &et9s (lay E 6uguemos.

To get 4 adjetivo 5 verbo

To get old E en1e6ecer# To get tired E cansarse# To get young E re6u1enecer# To get 5hite E

blan)uear.

To get 4 'ast 'artici'e 5 acci+n re!lexiva

To get lost E (erderse# to get corru(ted E corrom(erse# to get eChausted E *eChaustarse,# to get

dri1en E ser conducido# to get married E casarse# to get di1orced E di1orciarse.

03/05/2013

3ink words

In s'ite o! @ a (esar de# no obstante. Alt#oug# @ a (esar de )ue# aun)ue.

Instead o! @ en 1eB de. 2ut @ (ero. 6#ile @ mientras. T#en @ entonces.

A!ter @ des(ues. 2e!ore @ antes. 6it# @ con. 6it#out @ sin. &owever @ sin embargo.

22/05/2013

Once time# t5ice time# three times# $our times...

et 5et E mo6arse.

o se (uede usar launch como 1erbo# se dice to ha1e a launch.

F



NA.-NA5.:A:<S < .:.-MAS

ountries Nationalities 5anguageSpain Spanish/Spaniard Spanish

"ustria "ustrian erman

"ustralia "ustralian !nglish

+ussia +ussian +ussian

Orance Orench Orench

4ortugal 4ortuguese 4ortuguese

ermany erman erman

S)eden *Suecia- S)edish S)edish

S)itzerland *Suiza- S)iss $talian, Orench, erman

$taly $talian $talian

2elgium 2elgian 3utch, Orench

&olland 3utch 3utch

S" "merican !nglish?anada ?anadian !nglish, Orench

$reland $rish !nglish

(he nited Iingdom 2ritish !nglish89n%land

8#cotland

85ales

8Northen reland

'here are you from9/'here do you come from9

$:m from Spain/ $ come from +ussia

'hat language do you speak9

$ speak Spanish

'hat language does she speak9

She speaks +ussian

:.9<.-N<S B 8=.A.-N<S3o alongJ Seguir a lo largo. 7o alon% this road.

TurnJ irar. 0urn left, 0urn ri%ht .

-!er thereJ 4or ah#.

Ne(* the cinema, Ne+# # the cinema. O,,!$#e the cinema. I this street/ on this.

O the left/ri%ht.

M<:.:AS :< T.<MP-:ías de la semana E:aDs oG the wee6FJ 0onday, (uesday, 'ednesday, (hursday,

Oriday, Saturday, Sunday. Uos d#as se dicen siempre preceididos de @onA= ;n Sunday,

;n 0onday.

Meses del aRo EMonths oG the DearFJ Qanuary, Oebruary, 0arch, "pril, 0ay, Qune, Quly,

"ugust, September, ;ctober, 8ovember, 3ecember. Uos meses llevan delante @inA.

6



<staciones del aRo ESeasons oG the DearFJ Spring, Summer, "utumn/Oall, 'inter

-3A9 B M-=.5.A9.-Air onditioning "ire acond.

=alconD 2alcon

=ath*9oom ?uarto de baDo

=ed*9oom 3ormitorio

=eed ?ama

eiling I (echo ellar sotano

hair Silla

loc6 +eloj

loset "rmario grande

oo6er E=<F 5 ?ocina

*electrodoméstico-

upboard "rmario superior

:es6 !scritorio

:ining*9oom ?omedor

:oor I Puerta

(loor Suelo

all Nestibulo

allwaD 4asillo

eater ?alentador

?itchen ?ocina

5i!ing*9oom Sala de estar

Micro 7a!e o!en 0icrohondas

-GGice 3espacho

-!en &orno

9eGrigerator 8evera

9ooG (ejado

9oom &abitaci<n

Sto!e *"!- ?ocina

*electrodoméstico-

Terrace (erraza

Toilet Servicio 4ublico

8pstairs1downstairsJ 4iso

de arriba, piso de abajo.

7all 0uro

7ardrobe "rmario ropero

7indow I Nentana

Bard E=<F 5 (erraza

7



<ST8A9.-=oots 2otas

oat "brigo

>ac6et ?haueta

Pants 4antalonesPullo!er Qersey

Shirt ?amisa

Shoes Yapatillas

Sweater Qersey

Trousers 4antalones

T*Shirt I ?amiseta

est= chaleco

(AM.5.A

Aunt * (#a=rother * &ermano

ousin1e I 4rimo/a

hildrens 8iDos,

&ijos/as

:augther * &ija

(ather I 4adre

3rand Mother, 3rand(ather I "buela/o

3rand :augther,3rand Son I 8ieta/o

Mother * 0adre Niece Sobrina

Nephew * Sobrino

Parents 4adre y

0adre

SiblingJ hermano/a

Sister * &ermana

Son * &ijo

8ncle * (#o

P9-(<S.-N<S1 T9A=A>-

AideJ "yudanteAttendant1:ependent1Shop assitantJ 3ependiente

ler6J Secretario, administrativo

lerical wor6J (rabajo de oficina.

i!il Ser!antJ Ouncionario :aDcareJ uarder#a

<ngineerJ $ngeniero

(ireGigtherJ 2ombero ousewiGeJ "ma de casa

MasonJ "lbaDil

H



8<9P-hee6J mejilla. ShoulderJ hombro. <lbowJ codo. Na!elJ ombligo. 7ristJ muDeca. NailJ uDa.

?neeJ rodilla. An6leJ tobillo. eelJ tal<n. 7aist= cintura. ToeJ dedo del pie. (oreheadJ frente.

hinJ barbilla. =ottomJ trasero.

&ead, hair, face, nose, mouth, eye, ear, neck, arm, palm, finger, chest, leg, foot/feet, tooth,

tongue, back, hand, nose.

<P9<SS.-NSof course not por supuesto ue no

thatTs fine está bienZ no pasa nada

thatTs right es verdad

sure claro

certainly seguramente

definitely definitivamente

absolutely absolutamente

as soon as possible tan pronto como sea posible

thatTs enough es suficiente

it doesnTt matter no importa

itTs not important no es importante

itTs not serious no es nada serioitTs not )orth it

(o mind

$ donTt mind

no vale la pena

(ener en cuenta, importar

8o me importa

$Tm in a hurry tengo prisa

$Tve got to go tengo ue irme

$Tm going out voy a salir

sleep )ell ué duermas bien

same to you Rlo mismo te digo

not bad

(o be fed up

&ad in

Oorce of habit

2y the )ay

)hat shall )e do9

no está mal

estar harto

!ntregado en mano

Ouerza de la costumbre

4or cierto, a prop<sito

Wué podr#amos/deber#amos hacer9

J



'here shall )e meet9

'hat time shall )e meet9

(op up.

?an $ get you a topup9

(o fire up.

(o patch it up.

$Tll drink to that

$Tm gro)ing bored

itTs up to you

Shall Gunciona igual do !s un futuro.

Shall K @tener ueA o @deber deA

+ellenar una copa, pero cuando ya se ha

tomado al menos una. !s similar a

ofrecer otra copa.!ncender, arrancar.

&acer las paces, arreglar una relaci<n.

!star de acuerdo con algo. (ambién es

un brindis.

(u decides.

- &ave a bun in t#e oven, &iteralmente de6ar un bollo en el horno# signi$ica de6ar embaraBada auna chica.

- &ave you ever es una $rase hecha )ue se usa como *;Alguna 1eB has...<,.

ae you eer dr$e a !ar?

- &ave you #eard7 Has oido</Te has enterado<

- 2ide one1s time% !s(erar el momento o(ortuno.

- Take it Easy% Tomalo con calma.

- I1m rooting !or you% Te estoy a(oyando.

- 8ree will libre albedr:o

- y own !ree will% Mi (ro(ia 1oluntad

Phrasal erbsfind out= averiguar

get up= levantarse

go up= subir

look after= cuidar

look at= mirar de reojo

look for= buscar

see to= vigiliar

sho) off= presumir, pavonearse, mostrar

stand up= levantarse

S8STANT.-SAimJ ;bjetivo.

ATMJ ?ajero automático *@eitiemA-, también llamado cash point.

=eha!iorJ ?omportamiento=urdenJ ?arga.

=urialJ !ntierro, sepultura.

=DstanderJ !spectadorommitmentJ ?ompromiso.

opperJ ?obreountrD = ?ampo, 4a#s. :emiseJ 0uerte, fallecimiento

M



<KpensesJ gastos.

(arwellJ despedida.

(iance # (ianceeJ 4rometido y prometida *en matrimonio-.

(ield U ?ampo de cultivo, deporte o profesi<n

(lu6eJ casualidad.

(ol6sJ gente.(rightJ susto.

?indJ tipo?indnessJ amabilidadalGJ 0edia, mitad5ightJ Uuz, fuego mechero.

5ighterJ 0echero.

MotorwaDJ autopista

-utputJ Salida, producci<n

ParcelJ pauete.

Pic6poc6etJ carterista

PineappleJ piDa.9ubbishJ comida.

Sightseeing= turismo.

SorrowJ dolor, tristeza, pena, pesar.

Spar6J chispazo

SHuareJ 4laza

To6enJ Oicha, simbolo

!owJ voto

7armJ ?alido

7itJ $ngenio

7holeJ todo, entero

7itnessJ (estigoBouthJ juventud

A:><T.-SAdamantJ firme

AwGulJ &orrible

=othJ ambos, los dos

=urdenedJ "gobiado

omGDJ confortable, c<modo<ngagedJ ?omprometido/a *de matrimonio-. ;cupado.

:ampJ h[medo, mojado

:ependableJ 3igno de confianza(railJ fragil

(righteningJ "terrador.

oo6edJ !nganchado

?indJ amable

5ightJ Uigero

5oudJ ruidoso

MildJ templado *temperatura y carácter-, apacible.

-ddJ $mpar, raro

ProneJ propenso

SelG*centredJ !go#sta.

BL



SelGishJ ego#sta

Side tripJ !Gcursi<n

SHuareJ cuadrado

ToughJ duro, dif#cil

7earDJ ?ansado, fatigado

7orthDJ 3igno

<9=-SAnnoDJ 0olestar

=ideJ 4ermanecer

ommissionJ !ncargar

oncei!eJ ?oncebir

<ncompassJ "barcar

<rodeJ !rosionar

(acingJ !nfrentar

esitateJ 3udar, vacilar

.nheritJ &eredar-!erdoJ !Gagerar

PronateJ 4oner boca abajo

9eachJ alcanzar

9egardJ ?onsiderar

9eleaseJ Uiberar. (ambién lanzamiento *en el sentido de lanzar al mercado- o estreno.

SettleJ +esolver, establecerse

SortJ ;rdenar, clasificar

SHueeVeJ !Gprimir, apretar

StruggleJ luchar, esforzarse

SuitJ "coplar, convenir

SwapJ $ntercambiarTraceJ +astrear

8nleashJ liberar, desatar, soltar

eKingJ Oastidiar, irritar

7itnessJ (estifar

7arnJ "dvertir

7onderJ 4reguntase *a uno mismo-, maravillarse. onder if did ri%ht.

BellJ ritar.

A:<9=.-SAlreadDJ ya

@uiteJ bastante

5i6ewiseJ $gualmente

PerhapsJ uizás

TwiceJ dos veces

-T9-S.ndeedJ !n efecto / .ndeed DesWJ ?laro ue s#

ShouldJ 3eber#a

So thatJ para ue

ThoughJ "unue

7onQt *)ill not-

B1



A=-8T 3<T'hen )e use TgetT with a direct ob&ect *non our pronoun- it often a menudo meansreci!e, obtain, fetch, catch, give or something similar.

Alice %ot a :alentine form a secret admirer (?ecibi).

Can %et -ou a refill 8recambio8! (@frecer). 1e %ets the train to ork (“Atra$" en el sentido de 'ue alcan ).

5ould -ou mind %ettin% the kids after school! ha*e to or late toni%ht.

(Cuidar, hacerse car%o)

'hen )e use TgetT beGore an ad&ecti!e, it often means become.

9*en after she took the medicine, her cold ust %ot orse and orse.

1e %ot rella- an%r- hen she as late for the tird time this eek.

#he doesn>t ant to %et old. #he ants to sta- a teena%e fore*er.

'hen )e use TgetT with and ob&ect O ad&ecti!e, it means ma6e someone o somethingbecome.

et>s %et this sho stated.

ou need to %et this room tid- before -ou %o out.

et often means tra!el and when we use get beGore a word li6e up, out, awaD, etc itusuallD means mo!ement oG some 6ind. Oor eGample=

5hat time do -ou %et thome usuall-!.

5e need to %et off the bus the ne6t sto$. (Baarse)

5hen she %ets back from ork, she likes to ath t* for a bit. (?eturn, come back)

o -ou kno ho to %et to the cinema from here! (Arri*e)

'hen )e use get with a past participle *driven, eatem spoken- it oGten has a reGleKi!emeaning *something that )e di to ourselves nosotros mismos-.

0he- are %ettin% married ne6t month. (:an a casarse).

#he %ets dressed reall- 'uickl- in the mornin%. (#e *iste).

ou need to %et ashed before -ou %o to bed. (a*arte).

A=-8T S8Such como ad&eti!o puede significar tal, semejante o parecido. (ambién tanto.

0his material is of such im$ortance that it has a $oerful bearin% on the case.*!ste material es de tal importancia ue tiene una influencia poderosa sobre el caso.-

0here is no such thin% as a free lunch.

*no hay tal cosa como un almuerzo gratis-

?omo ad!erbio es euivalente a tan=

am so luck-. ha*e such onderful friendsD *(engo tanta suerte. R(engo amigos tan

maravillosos-

0hat is such a $rett- dressD ou should ear it more often. *R!ste vestido es tan bonito

3eber#a llevarlo más a menudo.- t is such a beautiful da- *RWue d#a tan bonito-

B



A=-8T .N(.N.T.<!l infinitivo va normalmente precedido de la part#cula TtoT *0o be, to run, to eat..). !l

infinitivo eGpresa el significado del verbo de una manera general, sin referencia a

tiempo alguno.

&ay varios tipos de infinitivo=

.nGiniti!e Simple *to s$eak , hablar-

ontinuous .nGiniti!e *to be s$eakin%, estar hablando-,

PerGect .nGiniti!e *to ha*e s$oken, haber hablado-

PerGect ontinous $nfnitive *to ha*e been s$eakin%, haber estado hablando-

Passi!es inGinites*to be s$oken, to be bein% s$oken, ha*e been bein% s$oken . !star

hablado, !star siendo hablen, &aber estado siendo hablado-

!l infinitivo puede ser usado solo *suele ser imperativo- o como parte de una frase de

infinitivo.

?unD / 5e be%an to run.

4uede eGpresar un deber u obligaci<n cuando sigue al verbo to be

ou are # # !./e here *8o debe fumar au#-.

4uede eGpresar prop<sito o el motivo por el ue alguien hace la acci<n

1e ent to 9n%land # )e(* 9n%lish.

#he ent to the su$ermarket # ' some chocolate.

4uede ser usado sin TtoT después de TdoT o de un verbo modal auGiliar como TmustT,

TmayT, TmightT, etc.

mi%ht %o to the $ub after dinner.

Documents

Apuntes de inglés A1 A2