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experimento RESUMEN A se llevó a cabo para investigar la influencia de la fuente de proteínasen el rendimiento y la hematología de pollos de engorde con dietas a base de cáscara de yuca utilizandoharina y torta de cacahuete como fuentes de proteínas. En un ensayo de alimentación de 42 días
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Archivos de Zootecnia
ISSN: 0004-0592
Universidad de Córdoba
España
Egbunike, G.N.; Agiang, E.A.; Owosibo, A.O.; Fatufe, A.A.
Effect of protein on performance and haematology of broilers fed cassava peel-based diets
Archivos de Zootecnia, vol. 58, núm. 224, diciembre, 2009, pp. 655-662
Universidad de Córdoba
Córdoba, España
Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=49519040003
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Arch. Zootec. 58 (224): 655-662. 2009.Recibido: 24-9-07. Aceptado: 1-4-08.
EFFECT OF PROTEIN ON PERFORMANCE AND HAEMATOLOGYOF BROILERS FED CASSAVA PEEL-BASED DIETS
EFECTO DE LA PROTEÍNA SOBRE EL RENDIMIENTO Y HEMATOLOGÍA DE BROILERSALIMENTADOS A BASE DE RESIDUO DE MANDIOCA
Egbunike, G.N.1, E.A. Agiang2, A.O. Owosibo3 and A.A. Fatufe4
1Animal Physiology Laboratory. Department of Animal Science. University of Ibadan. Ibadan. Nigeria.2Department of Animal Science. University of Calabar. Calabar. Nigeria.3Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology. I.A.R.& T. Moor Plantation. Ibadan. Nigeria.4Obafemi Awolowo University. Ile-Ife. Osun State. Nigeria. [email protected]
ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS
Unconventional feedstuff. Blood parameters.
PALABRAS CLAVE ADICIONALES
Alimentos alternativos. Parámetros sanguíneos.
SUMMARYA experiment was conducted to investigate
the influence of the protein source on the perfor-mance and haematology of broiler chickens oncassava peel-based diets using fishmeal andgroundnut cake as protein sources. In a 42 daysfeeding trial, a total of 192 Anak, four weeks old,unsexed broiler chickens with average initial bodyweight of 0.685±0.0027 (mean±SD) were dividedinto two groups of diets containing 0, 5, 10 and15% dried cassava peel meal. Birds in one grouphad fishmeal as protein source while the other hadgroundnut cake. Each diet was offered to threepens of 8 birds each.
Final live weight, weekly weight gain, feed andprotein intake, feed conversion and proteinefficiency ratios, haematology and corpuscularindices were not significantly affected by proteinsource. Fishmeal inclusion resulted in higher(p<0.001) serum albumin and lower (p>0.05) serumcholesterol than groundnut cake inclusion. It wasconcluded that groundnut cake could serve asprotein source for broiler chickens without anyadverse effect on performance indices.
RESUMENEn este estudio se investigó la influencia de la
fuente de proteína sobre el rendimiento yhematología de broilers alimentados con dietascon harina de residuos de mandioca y harina depescado o torta de cacahuete, como fuente de
proteína. Un total de 192 broilers Anak de un díade edad, no sexados, se distribuyeron (a la sema-na 5) en dos grupos de dietas que contenían 0, 5,10 y 15% de harina de residuos de mandioca. Alas aves de uno de los grupos se les suministróharina de pescado como fuente de proteína y a lasdel otro, torta de cacahuete. Cada dieta fue ofre-cida a tres lotes de 8 aves cada uno.
El peso vivo final, la ganancia de peso sema-nal, los índices de conversión de pienso y deproteína, la hematología e índices corpuscularesno fueron afectados por la fuente de proteína. Lainclusión de harina de pescado dio lugar a mayo-res valores de albúmina sérica y menor cantidadde colesterol sérico que la inclusión de cacahuete.Se concluyó que la torta de cacahuete podría serútil como fuente de proteína para broilers, sinefectos adversos sobre el rendimiento.
INTRODUCTION
That food scarcity is a plague in manydeveloping countries of the world, includingNigeria where daily intake of animal proteinper caput falls far below the normal intake asrecommended by ILCA (1980) and FAO(1986), is not in doubt. To alleviate thissituation, it has been realized that broilerproduction is the fastest and easiest route(Nworgu et al., 2000; Dipeolu et al., 1996;
Archivos de zootecnia vol. 58, núm. 224, p. 656.
EGBUNIKE, AGIANG, OWOSIBO AND FATUFE
Larry, 1993) since they are prolific, possessa high feed conversion ratio and are acceptedby all, irrespective of religion.
However, feed cost are presently veryhigh and makes up to 60-70% (Larry, 1993)or 70-80% (Oruwari et al., 1995) of the totalcost of production in Nigeria compared to50-70% in developed countries (Thackieand Flenscher, 1995). This thereforehighlights the importance of feed mana-gement to broiler producers. Thus it isnecessary to reduce the cost of feeds inorder to produce cheaper products withoutaffecting profits. Since energy sourceconstitutes 45-60% of finished feeds formonogastric animals (Tewe and Egbunike,1992) and birds eat to satisfy their energyrequirements (Sibbald, 1982), cassavaproducts, roots, peels and leaves, have beenexploited in the replacement of cereals likemaize. Although inclusion of cassava peelin the diet increased feed intake anddecreased body weight in broilers (Tewe,1983), cassava peel can be used to cut downthe cost of production and lead to an activeand sustainable development in livestockproduction (Olorede et al., 2002). Someworkers (Osei and Duodu, 1988; Agunbiadeet al., 2002; Salami et al., 2003) recommendedthe inclusion of fermented cassava peel upto 15% in broiler diets with no adverseeffects. Even the use of oven-dried cassavapeels led to a reduction in weight gain butno effects on mortality and carcass quality.
However, for a reasonable performanceof animals fed cassava-based diets, therations must be nutritionally balanced andcontain sufficient sulphur-containing aminoacids (Tewe, 1992). Fishmeal has been widelyused in poultry rations to provide thenecessary amino acids although somevariations still exist (Bello, 1984) especiallydue to processing method, type of fish andstorage. Considering this variation and thefact that the cost of fishmeal has placed itout of reach to farmers in most developingcountries, it becomes evident that someplant protein sources can be used in spite of
their deficiency in sulphur-containing aminoacids (Antunes and Sgarbieri, 1980; Barbouret al., 1993). These deficiencies are normallyrectified by the addition of other proteinsources or synthetic amino acids. The crudeprotein (%) and metabolisable energy (kcal/kg) contents of fish meal are 65 and 2580,whereas groundnut cake meal has values of40 and 2500 respectively (NRC, 1994).
In the light of the above, therefore, thisstudy became necessary with the aim ofstudying the influence of the protein sourceon the performance and haematology ofbroiler chickens on cassava peel-based dietsusing fishmeal and groundnut cake.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
192 Anak unsexed four week-old broilerchickens were used for the experiment. Theywere fed on a commercial broiler starter diet(Livestock Feeds Plc.) until the end of the 4th
week and supplied drinking water ad libitum.They were also given all the necessaryvaccinations and medication as and whendue. Thereafter, the birds were randomlyassigned to eight dietary treatments. Eachdiet was offered to three pens of 8 birdseach. Diets 1 to 4 contained fishmeal (FM)as the protein source while groundnut cake(GNC) provided this nutrient in diets 5-8. Ina 2 x 4 factorial design, each group of dietscontained 0, 5, 10 or 15% of cassava peelmeal (table I). Thus the treatments weredesignated OFM, 5FM, 10FM and 15FM forthe diets with fishmeal and 0GNC, 5GNC,10GNC and 15GNC for the diets withgroundnut cake. In weeks 6 and 7 all thebirds were supplied drinking water contai-ning 3-nitro-4-hydroxylphenyl arsenic acid(prophylactic dose to control coccidiosis),at the rate of 8 mg/litres of water, after whichuse was discontinued.
As the birds were assigned to thetreatments (at the onset of week 5), theywere weighed. The initial body weight ofbirds was 0.695±0.0027 (mean±SD). The-reafter, feed intake and liveweight changes
Archivos de zootecnia vol. 58, núm. 224, p. 657.
DIETARY PROTEIN ON PERFORMANCE AND HAEMATOLOGY OF BROILER CHICKENS
were recorded weekly. At the end of the 10th
week all birds were weighed, slaughtered,eviscerated, dressed and again weighed.The feeding trial lasted for 42 days. The
liver, heart and gizzard were cleaned andweighed. At slaughter, blood samples werecollected into two test tubes per bird, onewith EDTA as anticoagulant and the other
Table I. Ingredients and chemical composition of the experimental diets. (Ingredientes ycomposición nutritiva de las dietas experimentales).
Fish meal Groundnut cake0FM 5FM 10FM 15FM 0GNC 5GNC 10GNC 15GNC
Ingredients (%)Maize 49 44 39 34 49 44 39 34Cassava peels 0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15Fish meal 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0Groundnut cake 0 0 0 0 14 14 14 14Soya bean meal 15 15 15 15 6 6 6 6Wheat offal 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0Palm kernel cake 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5Blood meal 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 2 2 2 2Bone meal 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Palm oil 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Oyster shell 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Vitamin-mineral premix* 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25Salt 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
Chemical compositionCalculated values (%)ME (kcal/kg) 2817 2752 2688 2623 2820 2755 2691 2626Crude protein 19.61 19.42 19.22 19.03 19.01 18.82 18.63 18.43Crude fibre 4.361 4.703 5.044 5.386 4.528 4.869 5.211 5.552Arginine 1.247 1.288 1.329 1.370 1.501 1.542 1.583 1.624Histidine 0.542 0.532 0.522 0.512 0.444 0.434 0.424 0.413Isoleucine 0.732 0.716 0.700 0.684 0.649 0.633 0.617 0.601Leucine 1.780 1.727 1.674 1.621 1.556 1.503 1.450 1.397Lysine 1.075 1.076 1.077 1.078 0.845 0.846 0.847 0.848Methionine 0.323 0.321 0.319 0.317 0.292 0.290 0.288 0.286Phenylalanine 0.981 0.960 0.938 0.917 0.898 0.877 0.855 0.834Threonine 0.749 0.733 0.717 0.701 0.616 0.600 0.584 0.568Tryptophan 0.224 0.225 0.226 0.227 0.190 0.191 0.192 0.193Valine 1.077 1.056 1.034 1.013 0.932 0.910 0.889 0.867
Determined values (%)Dry matter 89.4 90.1 89.9 89.5 89.6 90.1 89.9 90.0Crude protein 19.58 19.91 18.52 19.87 18.01 17.93 17.17 18.72Crude fibre 4.41 4.80 5.17 5.52 4.35 4.71 5.09 5.49Ether extract 6.71 5.41 5.84 6.71 6.27 6.31 6.74 6.75Ash 7.15 6.53 5.84 8.95 6.50 7.21 6.52 9.27
*Supplied per kg diet: Vit. A, 10 000 i.u; Vit. D3, 2000 i.u; Vit. E, 2.5 i.u; Vit. K, 2.0 mg; Riboflavin, 4.2 mg;Pantothenic acid, 5.0 mg; nicotinic acid, 20.0 mg; choline chloride, 300.0 mg; folic acid, 0.5 mg; Mn, 56.0mg; I, 1.0 mg; Fe, 20.0 mg; Cu, 10.0 mg; Zn, 50.0 mg; Co, 1.25 mg.
Archivos de zootecnia vol. 58, núm. 224, p. 658.
EGBUNIKE, AGIANG, OWOSIBO AND FATUFETa
ble I
I. Ef
fect
s of d
ieta
ry pr
otei
n sou
rce o
n per
form
ance
of br
oile
rs fe
d die
ts co
ntai
ning
cass
ava p
eel.
(Efe
ctos
de
la fu
ente
de
prot
eína
de la
die
ta s
obre
la p
rodu
ctiv
idad
de
broi
lers
alim
enta
dos
con
diet
as q
ue c
ontie
nen
harin
a de
res
iduo
s de
man
dioc
a).
Sta
tistic
al s
igni
fican
ceN
utrie
nts
0FM
5FM
10FM
15FM
0GN
C5G
NC
10G
NC
15G
NC
Poo
led
SD
DPS
CPC
DP
S x
CP
C
Initi
al li
ve w
eigh
t (kg
/bird
)0.
700.
700.
700.
700.
700.
680.
690.
690.
0027
0.39
880.
3452
0.58
91Fi
nal l
ive
wei
ght (
kg/b
ird)
1.75
1.62
1.60
1.56
1.54
1.53
1.56
1.75
0.03
150.
8707
0.25
810.
1655
Wei
ght g
ain
(kg/
bird
)1.
050.
920.
910.
860.
840.
850.
871.
060.
0311
0.12
770.
9850
0.42
63W
eigh
t ga
in (
kg/b
ird/w
eek)
0.33
0.30
0.30
0.27
0.22
0.23
0.25
0.30
0.01
600.
1277
0.98
500.
4263
Dre
ssed
wei
ght
(kg)
1.41
a1.
20b
1.19
b1.
17b
1.13
b1.
15b
1.16
b1.
29a
0.03
290.
1416
30.
0472
0.00
36To
tal f
eed
inta
ke (k
g)8.
077.
357.
497.
537.
437.
037.
768.
670.
1788
0.86
020.
8319
0.80
26Fe
ed in
take
(kg
/bird
/wee
k)1.
361.
221.
231.
251.
241.
171.
301.
440.
0308
0.86
020.
8319
0.80
26P
rote
in in
take
(kg
/bird
/wee
k)0.
290.
270.
260.
280.
250.
230.
250.
300.
0082
0.48
560.
6479
0.74
63Fe
ed c
onve
rsio
n ra
tio4.
124.
074.
104.
635.
645.
095.
204.
800.
2067
0.78
760.
8858
0.31
13P
rote
in e
ffici
ency
rat
io1.
141.
111.
150.
960.
881.
011.
001.
000.
0334
0.53
220.
9241
0.94
89
Mea
ns w
ith d
iffer
ent
supe
rscr
ipts
in
the
sam
e ro
w a
re s
igni
fican
tly d
iffer
ent
(p<0
.05)
.
Tabl
e III
. Effe
cts o
f die
tary
pro
tein
sour
ce o
n pr
opor
tiona
l wei
ght (
% li
ve w
eigh
t) of
org
ans a
nd m
ain
cuts
of b
roile
rs a
t 10
wee
ksof
age
. (E
fect
o de
la fu
ente
de
prot
eína
en
la d
ieta
sob
re e
l pes
o re
lativ
o de
órg
anos
y d
espi
ece
(% p
eso
vivo
) de
bro
ilers
de
10 s
eman
as).
Sta
tistic
al s
igni
fican
ceP
arts
0FM
5FM
10FM
15FM
0GN
C5G
NC
10G
NC
15G
NC
Poo
led
SD
DPS
CPC
DP
S x
CP
C
Live
r w
eigh
t (k
g)0.
060.
060.
060.
060.
060.
060.
060.
070.
0130
0.73
470.
8569
0.70
99H
eart
wei
ght
(kg)
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.00
870.
1623
0.17
100.
3354
Giz
zard
wei
ght
(kg)
0.07
0.09
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.09
0.07
0.08
0.01
800.
8052
0.56
780.
8250
Shan
k4.
324.
003.
925.
064.
503.
884.
484.
380.
0194
0.90
890.
6177
0.87
78B
reas
t19
.24
19.4
317
.66
18.6
717
.47
18.7
917
.47
19.2
20.
0640
0.49
020.
4666
0.58
72W
ing
9.48
8.57
9.63
9.55
9.41
8.74
8.15
9.93
0.03
010.
5905
0.84
690.
7133
Bac
k9.
268.
779.
529.
1610
.55
8.91
8.51
9.82
0.04
280.
7767
0.24
340.
0209
Dru
mst
ick
21.6
220
.35
20.1
321
.17
20.8
921
.12
21.0
220
.87
0.06
620.
6977
0.86
370.
3424
Nec
k4.
164.
624.
084.
944.
684.
004.
244.
700.
0131
0.72
590.
2444
0.87
05
Mea
ns w
ith d
iffer
ent
supe
rscr
ipts
in
a ro
w a
re s
igni
fican
tly d
iffer
ent
(p<0
.05)
.
Archivos de zootecnia vol. 58, núm. 224, p. 659.
DIETARY PROTEIN ON PERFORMANCE AND HAEMATOLOGY OF BROILER CHICKENS
without EDTA. The first sample was usedfor haematological analyses while thesecond was centrifuged at 4,000g for 10minutes for serum separation. Five dressedbirds having a representative weight of thegroup were randomly picked from eachtreatment and cut into standard parts namelyshank, breast, wings, back, drumstick andneck and weighed separately.
All the diets were chemically analysedaccording to the standard of AOAC (1990)methods for their proximate composition.Packed cell volume (PCV) was determinedby the method of Wintrobe (1933), the redblood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC),mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemo-globin (MCH) and mean cell heamoglobinconcentration (MCHC) were determined asreported by Jain (1986) while haemoglobin(Hb) was estimated as reported by Swensen(1951) and Coles (1986).
Total serum protein was estimated bythe biuret method of Reinhold (1953), serumalbumin according to Doumas and Briggs(1972) and Peters et al. (1982) and serumglobulin was by the method of Rodkey(1965) and Coles (1986). Serum cholesterolwas determined according to the methodsof Roschlan et al. (1974).
Data were subjected to routine ANOVAfrom General Linear Model procedures usingthe software package SPSS 13.0 for windows.Means were separated using Duncan's Mul-tiple Range Test from the same software.
RESULTS
The composition of the experimentaldiets is shown in table I. The crude proteincontent (on dry matter basis) of the dietsranged from 19.3% in 10GNC to 22.2% in15FM while the metabolizable energy rangedfrom 2626 to 2820 Kcal/kg (on as fed basis).
Final liveweight, weekly weight gain,feed and protein intake as well as feedconversion and protein efficiency ratios didnot vary significantly with treatment (tableII). Thus while weekly feed intake varied
insignificantly from 1.17 kg in 5GNC to 1.44kg in 15GNC, weight gain varied from 0.22 kgin 0GNC to 0.33 kg in 0FM. Feed conversionratio and protein efficiency ratio were in therange of 4.07-5.64 and 0.88-1.15, respec-tively. However, the dressed weights of thebirds were significantly (p<0.05) influencedby the dietary treatments with 0FM and15GNC birds being heavier than all the others.On the contrary, the weights of the liver,heart and gizzard as well as the chicken cuts,all of them expressed as percent of finalliveweights (table III) were stable with thedietary treatments.
The source of dietary protein did notaffect the haematology of the birds but withthe increase of cassava in the diets Hb, RBC,WBC and PCV increased significantly(p<0.05). As regards the corpuscular values(MCV, MCH and MCHC), all values obtainedremained stable irrespective of dietarytreatment (table IV). Total serum protein,globulin and albumin/globulin remainedstable with the cassava peel-based dietsregardless of the source of dietary protein.However, fishmeal inclusion in the dietresulted in a higher (p<0.05) serum albuminbut lower serum cholesterol (p<0.05) thangroundnut cake. These two indices wereelevated (p<0.05) with dietary inclusion ofcassava peel at 5% after which there was asignificant (p<0.05) depression.
DISCUSSION
The nutrient composition of the experi-mental diets shown in table I is in agreementwith the recommendations of Oluyemi andRoberts (1980) for broiler finishers. Theywere also similar to the diets formulated byEsonu and Bamgbose (2000) and so can beconsidered adequate for broiler finishers.
That final liveweight, weight gain, feedintake, protein intake, feed conversion ratioand protein efficiency ratio were notinfluenced by the cassava peel-based dietswhether with fish meal or groundnut cake asprotein source is in agreement with the
Archivos de zootecnia vol. 58, núm. 224, p. 660.
EGBUNIKE, AGIANG, OWOSIBO AND FATUFE
reports on the use of cassava peel up to 15%in broiler diets by Osei and Duodu (1988);Agunbiade et al. (2002) and Salami et al.(2003). Although final liveweight was notaffected by the dietary treatment, dressingweight was best for 0FM and 15 GNC. Resultis in agreement with the findings of Willis etal. (1997), Nworgu and Egbunike (1999) andOdunsi et al. (1999). This effect on dressingweight may imply changes in gut transittime of the diets and feed efficiency asshown by Ravindran (1995) and Agwunobi(1999) that could result in changes in theweight of the gastrointestinal tract as afunction of dietary treatments. However,that the weights of heart, liver, gizzard andthe chicken cuts were not influenced by thetreatment conforms with the results of Berri(2000), Nworgu et al. (2001) and Egbunikeand Williams (2005) but not with those ofPollock (1997). Body weight gains and feedconversions from the present study are alsoin good agreement with those in whichconventional feed ingredients where fed toAnak strain of broiler of a similar weightrange (Oruseibo and Alu, 2006; Oyedeji etal., 2003; Idowu et al., 2003).
The protein source did not have anyinfluence on the haematological indices andcorpuscular indices indicating that the dietswere ideal or adequate for broiler finishers.However, these values were significantlyelevated (p<0.05) as the cassava peel levelincreased regardless of the protein source,but are within the normal range reported inliterature (Jain, 1986). This suggests thatthe diets with cassava peels promoted abetter haematological milieu as observed inrats by Adejumo (2004).
The adequacy of the diets is also shownby the stability of the serum protein,globulin and albumin/globulin ratio valuesof the birds on the different diets regardlessof protein source and cassava peel levels.The protein source however significantlyinfluenced the serum albumin and choles-terol levels with these increasing andTa
ble I
V. E
ffect
of di
etar
y pro
tein
sour
ce an
d cas
sava
peel
cont
ent o
n the
haem
atol
ogic
al an
d bio
chem
ical
indi
ces o
f bro
ilers
. (E
fect
ode
la fu
ente
de
prot
eína
en
la d
ieta
y d
el c
onte
nido
de
resi
duos
de
man
dioc
a so
bre
los
índi
ces
hem
atol
ógic
os d
e br
oile
rs).
Sta
tistic
al s
igni
fican
ceP
aram
eter
s0F
M5F
M10
FM15
FM0G
NC
5GN
C10
GN
C15
GN
CP
oole
d S
DD
PSCP
CD
PS
xCP
C
Hb
(g/d
l)8.
41a
9.38
b8.
86c
8.82
c7.
04d
8.78
c8.
82c
10.1
2e0.
309
0.01
68<0
.001
<0.0
01R
BC
(106 /l
)2.
21a
2.39
b2.
63c
2.35
b1.
77a
2.29
c2.
41b
2.58
f0.
094
0.01
36<0
.001
0.00
1W
BC
(x10
3 /l)
29.3
9a34
.09b
24.7
2c25
.13c
22.7
8d27
.90c
26.4
8c29
.91a
1.26
50.
1741
0.00
80.
002
PC
V (
%)
25.2
0a28
.40b
30.4
0c27
.00d
26.2
0e26
.60e
26.6
0e30
.00c
0.65
9<0
.001
<0.0
01<0
.001
MC
V (
fl)11
4.20
118.
0011
5.60
115.
0011
9.60
116.
0011
0.80
116.
000.
920
0.95
440.
3867
0.21
23M
CH
(Pg)
38.4
038
.80
37.2
037
.40
39.4
038
.20
36.4
039
.00
0.36
10.
6753
0.19
640.
5620
MC
HC
(g/d
l)33
.40
32.6
031
.80
32.4
032
.80
32.2
032
.60
33.0
00.
173
0.74
280.
1908
0.27
52To
tal p
rote
in (g
/dl)
5.94
6.00
5.22
5.04
4.55
6.30
5.94
4.14
0.27
470.
1336
<0.0
010.
2791
Alb
umin
(g/d
l)2.
50a
3.40
b2.
62a
2.27
c1.
88c
3.00
b2.
72a
1.42
d0.
2205
0.00
1<0
.001
0.04
75G
lobu
lin (g
/dl)
3.44
2.60
2.60
2.77
2.67
3.30
3.22
2.78
0.12
060.
1243
0.38
920.
1221
Alb
umin
/glo
bulin
(%)
72.6
713
0.77
100.
7781
.92
70.4
190
.91
84.4
752
.21
8.26
60.
6572
0.07
610.
2243
Cho
lest
erol
(mg/
dl)
127.
92b
149.
60a
81.4
6c11
9.00
b14
3.30
a15
4.49
a10
0.12
b96
.06b
9.55
10.
1384
0.00
10.
0039
Mea
ns w
ith d
iffer
ent
supe
rscr
ipts
in
a ro
w a
re s
igni
fican
tly d
iffer
ent
(p<0
.05)
.
Archivos de zootecnia vol. 58, núm. 224, p. 661.
DIETARY PROTEIN ON PERFORMANCE AND HAEMATOLOGY OF BROILER CHICKENS
decreasing, respectively, with fishmeal. Thevalues in these parameters of this study areat variance with those of Nworgu (2004)with albumin being lower and albumin/globulin ratio and cholesterol being higher.The cholesterol values are howevergenerally within the normal range accordingto Sturkie et al. (2000). The increase in thealbumin level at 5% cassava peel levelsregardless of protein source may beconstrued as implying that the improvement
of the haematology referred to earlier wasbest at this level.
CONCLUSION
The results on final liveweight, weightgain, feed conversion ratio and proteinefficiency ratio obtained in this studyindicate that broilers could be raised oncassava peel-based diets using groundnutcake as the protein source.
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