BARBA, Joan; (2012).Estudi dels teixits de baixa densitat i les urbanitzacions en el Pla territorial general de Catalunya

7/31/2019 BARBA, Joan; (2012).Estudi dels teixits de baixa densitat i les urbanitzacions en el Pla territorial general de Catalunya

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GUQWAI AG@U QGISIQU AG KJISJ AGOUIQJQ I @GU W[KJOIQTJEILOU

GO G@ ^@J QG[[IQL[IJ@ MGOG[J@ AG EJQJ@WOYJ

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J/ HGH[IJ IOBL[HJQIRJ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////7

:/ Joqgegagoqu////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////7

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5/ Joìui zwjoqiqjqiw agù qgisiqu ugmlou wulu //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////:>

5/:/ @j uiqwjei mgog{j` ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////:>5/;/ Joìui zwjoqiqjqiw go kjug j` Hj~j W{kjouqie ag Ejqj`woyj #HWE)/////////////////////////////::

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5/5/ G` ~gu {g`jqiw agù qgisiqu aiu~g{ulu {gu~geqg gù elh~jeqgu/ ///////////////////////////////////:15/5/:/ @gu ejugu j``jagu {gu~geqg gu ejugu jm{w~jagu //////////////////////////////////////////:15/5/;/ @gu ejugu j``jagu {gu~geqg qgisiqu elh~jeqgu////////////////////////////////////////////////:75/5/5/ G` ~gu ag `gu ejugu jm{w~jagu {gu~geqg gù qgisiqu elh~jeqgu ///////////////////////:25/5/1/ Ejugu j``jagu [2 & Ejugu Jm{w~jagu [7 {gu~geqg agù qgisiqu elh~jeqgu////:=5/5/7/ G` ~gu ag` qgisiqu agaiejqu j `gu jeqiriqjqu ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////:35/5/2/ G` elodwoq ag gu airg{ugu qi~l`lmigu ag uù zwjìbiejqu///////////////////////////////////:3

1/ Joìui qg{{iql{ij` agù qgisiqu {guiagoeijù #ejugu j``jagu(wkjoiqtjeilou i jm{w~jagu

ugmlou g` HWE//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////:9

1/:/ Aiuq{ikwei agù qgisiqu ugmlou gù wulu ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////:91/:/:/ Gù qgisiqu uw~l{q ag `gu jeqiriqjqu gelohizwgu //////////////////////////////////////////////:9

1/:/;/ Gù qgisiqu hisqgu ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////:91/:/5/ Gù qgisiqu {guiagoeijù4 elh~jeqgu, ag ejugu j``jagu i jm{w~jagu /////////////////:91/:/1/ @j ej{jeqg{iqtjei mglm{biej//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////;>1/:/7/ Gù qgisiqu {guiagoeijù ag kjisj agouiqjq i ù qw{uqie//////////////////////////////////////;;1/:/2/ Gù qgisiqu {guiagoeijù aiu~g{ulu i `j {g`jei jhk j sj{sj ri{ij//////////////////////;51/:/=/ Gù qgisiqu {guiagoeijù aiu~g{ulu i `j {g`jei jhk gù uiuqghgu ojqw{jù///////////;11/:/3/ Gù qgisiqu {guiagoeijù aiu~g{ulu i `j {g`jei jhk gu uiqwjeilou ag {iue///////////;2

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K/ ALEWHGOQJEI M[BIEJ

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7 Qgisiqu elh~jeqgu, ejugu jm{w~jagu i j``jagu #[:&[;&[5&[1 i [7&[2)2 Jeqiriqjqu gelohizwgu i qgisiqu elh~jeqgu #J:, J;, J5 i [:&[;&[5&[1 )= Qgisiqu hisqgu i qgisiqu elh~jeqgu #H:, H;, H5 i [:&[;&[5&[1)3 Qgisiqu elh~jeqgu, ejugu jm{w~jagu i j``jagu & Sj{sj Ri{ij9 Jeqiriqjqu gelohizwgu, qgisiqu elh~jeqgu & Sj{sj Ri{ij:> Jeqiriqjq gelohiej, {guiagoeij` elh~jeqg, jm{w~jagu i j``jagu & Sj{sj Ri{ij:: @oij ag eluqj i b{jodj ag :> fh u qw{uqie:; Qgisiqu {guiagoeijù elh~jeqgu, ejugu jm{w~jagu i j``jagu i ~g{hgq{g ag 7 fh j

sj{sj ri{ij guq{weqw{joq #jwql~iuqgu i jwqlrigu):5 Qgisiqu elh~jeqgu, ejugu jm{w~jagu i j``jagu i ~g{hgq{g ag ; fh j sj{sj ri{ij

kuiej:1 Qgisiqu {guiagoeijù elh~jeqgu, ejugu jm{w~jagu i j``jagu j` Uiuqghj hgq{l~lìq

ag `j JHK #{jaiu ag 5> i 1> Fh):7 Qgisiqu {guiagoeijù elh~jeqgu, ejugu jm{w~jagu i j``jagu/ Gu~jiu Ojqw{jù i rij{i:2 Qgisiqu {guiagoeijù elh~jeqgu, ejugu jm{w~jagu i j``jagu/ Gu~jiu iowoajk`gu

#7>> joyu):= Qgisiqu {guiagoeijù elh~jeqgu, ejugu jm{w~jagu i j``jagu/ Gu~jiu jhk {iue

aioegoai i rij{i:3 Hlb{l`lmij w{kjoj {guiagoeij` ~g{ hwoiei~iu i elhj{zwgu:9 [g`jei goq{g uw~g{beigu ag ejugu j``jagu ejugu jm{w~jagu #[2 [7);> [g`jei goq{g uw~g{beigu ag ejugu j``jagu qgisiqu elh~jeqgu ~g{ hwoiei~iu

#[2[:&[;&[5&[1);: [g`jei goq{g uw~g{beigu ag ejugu jm{w~jagu qgisiqu elh~jeqgu ~g{ hwoiei~iu

#[7[:&[;&[5&[1);; [g`jei goq{g uw~g{beigu ag ejugu j``jagu & jm{w~jagu i qgisiqu elh~jeqgu ~g{

hwoiei~iu #[7&[2 [:&[;&[5&[1)^: Qgisiqu elh~jeqgu, ejugu jm{w~jagu i j``jagu & Sj{sj ri{ij i Uiuqghgu

Qg{{iql{ijù/^;/: Uiuqghj Olaj` ag Hjo{guj jhk qgisiqu {guiagoeijù, jeqiriqjqu, Gu~jiu ojqw{jù i

iob{jguq{weqw{gu^;/; Uiuqghj Gis rg{qgk{jal{ Uiuqghj Clu~iqj`gq ag Iobjoq Ejhk{iù Uj`lw jhk

qgisiqu {guiagoeijù, jeqiriqjqu, Gu~jiu ojqw{jù i iob{jguq{weqw{gu^;/5 Uiuqghj tloj` K`jogu(@`l{gq(Qluuj ag Hj{ Ria{g{gu jhk qgisiqu {guiagoeijù,

jeqiriqjqu, Gu~jiu ojqw{jù i iob{jguq{weqw{gu^;/1 Uiuqghj hwoiei~j`/ Uiuqghj Kgmw{ jhk qgisiqu {guiagoeijù, jeqiriqjqu, Gu~jiu

ojqw{jù i iob{jguq{weqw{gu


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J/ HGH[IJ IOBL[HJQIRJ

:/ Joqgegagoqu@gu w{kjoiqtjeilou

G` ~`jogdjhgoq w{kjouqie ucj egoq{jq go ioqgoqj{ ih~{ihi{ {jeilojìqjq, ~{griuikiìqjq, mj{joqigu ieloq{l` aghle{qie j` ~{leu alew~jei ag` qg{{iql{i go eloq{j ag` zwg g` hlag` ìkg{j` ogl(eloug{rjal{ ~{gqo, zwg u aiu~luj{ ag` a{gq j ~lag{ elouq{wi{ i gaibiej{ lo ì eloriomwi i gozwjùgrl` hlhgoq/

Ag bgq, jzwguq rj ug{ g` {guw`qjq ag` e{gisghgoq biou j ~{ihg{u agù joyu 3> go zwg, ~g{ hjoejag eloq{l` i woj ~g{hiuuiriqjq hj` goqguj zwjo ol ioqg{guujaj, rj ~g{hgq{g `j ih~`joqjeiawogu ;/527 w{kjoiqtjeilou ugoug `jisl~`we `gmj` i dw{aie w{kjouqie #hl`qgu rjo {gjìqtj{ ~j{qag` ~{leu `gmj` ~g{ `j m{jo hjdl{ij ol g` rjo ew`hioj{)/

G` {guw`qjq cj guqjq woj ~{lìbg{jei gsq{jl{aio{ij ag ~j{eg``jeilou, `j hjdl{ij j``gmjù zwjo oli``gmjù ~g{ ol cjrg{ jelh~`g{q `gu ~{gue{i~eilou `gmjù rimgoqu, zwg jrwi lew~go kloj ~j{q ag`qg{{iql{i ejqj`/

Jzwguq bgolhgo, j~j{gmwq j biojù ag `j aejaj agù 7>, ujeegoqw jhk g` e{gigsghgoq

gelohie agù joyu 2>, `jeeu ag `j e`juug hiqdjoj i q{gkj``jal{j j` rgcie`g ~{irjq i `j hi``l{j ag`gu sj{sgu ag elhwoiejei zwg bjeiìqgo gù agu~`jjhgoqu/

Jù ioieiu rjo j~j{isg{ jhk woj e`j{j rlejei ag ugmloj {guiaoeij, dj uimwi ag qw{iuhg ag ul` i~`jqdj l ag ej~ ag ugqhjoj, ~g{ j hl`qj ~lk`jei ~g{ `j zwj` `gu eloaieilou ag riaj j `gu eiwqjqug{go ~le ujqiubjeq{igu i zwg rjo kwuej{ go `guej~jaj ugqhjoj` wogu elh~goujeiloughleilojù #~g{ gsgh~`g q{jozwi`ìqjq jhkigoqj`, ~{lsihiqjq j `j ojqw{j, jeqiriqjqu ag rioew`jeihu {w{j`, gqe/)/

@grl`wei ag `cjkiqjqmg

Jis gu rj hjoqgoi{ biou j hgiqjq agù joyu 9> go zwg gu ~{lawgis wo ejori zwg gu ~g{``lomj biou`j e{iui ihhlkiì{ij ag` ;>>3/ Jzwguq aj{{g{ ~g{lag ucj ej{jeqg{iqtjq ~g{4

s Wo eloqiowjq e{gisghgoq gelohie ag ``j{mj aw{jaj, goq{g :; i :7 joyu, jhk kjisluqi~wu aioqg{u i wo bl{q ~gu ag` ugeql{ ihhlkiìj{i/

s @gu ~{ge{igu ~l`qizwgu, ~g{ ol ai{ gzwirlejagu, go hjq{ij acjkiqjqmg/

s @j hjoej ag ~{griui {gu~geqg ìh~jeqg zwg `j olrj ihhim{jei agù joyu ;>>> qioa{ijulk{g g` hg{ejq ag `cjkiqjqmg5/

s @j elioeiaoeij go g` qgh~u go {g`jei g` ~woq joqg{il{, ag `j{{ikjaj j `gajqaghjoei~jei ag `j mgog{jei kjky kllh

@j elob`woeij ag qlqgu jzwguqgu ei{ewhuqoeigu rj ~{l~ieij{ zwg ulk{g g` hg{ejq ag cjkiqjqmggu mgog{u woj bl{qj ~{guui jhk wou {guw`qjqu j `j bi ogmjqiwu ~g` qg{{iql{i i `j uleigqjq/

@j hjdl{ aghjoaj acjkiqjqmg rj mgog{j{ woj guej`jaj ag ~{gwu {gbl{jaj ~gù kjislu qi~wuaioqg{u/ J `gu dlrgu ~j{g``gu zwg ughjoei~jrgo uci jbgmij `j{{ikjaj aihhim{joqu, zwg``lmjrgo l jazwi{igo gù ~iulu hu gelohieu, eluj zwg rj bjeiìqj{ g` zwg woj ~j{q ag `j~lk`jei l~qu ~g{ hi``l{j{ `j zwjìqjq ag` ugw cjkiqjqmg j` ~lag{ elh~qj{ jhk g` ej~iqj` ioieij`~g{ l~qj{ j wo uqjqwu uw~g{il{ hu ej{/

@j hjoej ag ~l`qizwgu {gmw`jal{gu go hjq{ij gelohiej(biojoeg{j i ag ~l`qizwgu jagzwjagugo hjq{ij acjkiqjqmg rj ~{l~ieij{ zwg jzwguqj bl{qj aghjoaj, b{wiq ag `j elioeiaoeij qgh~l{jàg `ghjoei~jei ag olrgu ~j{g``gu i bjhìgu zwg kwuejrgo `j hi``l{j ag `j zwjìqjq ag `j~{ihg{j {guiaoeij, ~{guuilou g` hg{ejq j `j`j alojq zw `j aghjoaj uw~g{jrj `lbg{qj i

5 Ejqj`woyj rgoij awo ``j{m ~g{lag aguqjkiìqtjei ag `j ~lk`jei i oi qjoq ulù gù gu~geijìuqgu go `j

hjq{ij rjo ~{grgw{g woj olrj lojaj ihhim{jq{ij, jzwguqj al{imgo guq{jomg{ jhk wo hj{ejq ~gugsq{jelhwoiqj{i, zwg rj uw~luj{ wo gsq{jl{aioj{i ej~mi{jhgoq go `gu aiohizwgu aghlm{bizwgu i, goelougzoeij, go g` hg{ejq ag `cjkiqjqmg/


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gh~goyij j woj gu~i{j` aioe{ghgoq ag ~{gwu j`qjhgoq gu~gew`jal{j/

Wo ugeql{ ih~l{qjoq ag` ~j{e acjkiqjqmgu, go gu~geij` jù oweìu joqieu, ol {gwoij `gu eloaieilouag elobl{q gsimik`gu jrwi go aij i ol ujaj~qjrj jù olwu guqoaj{au, elh j {guw`qjq ag `jelhkiojei ag airg{ulu bjeql{u, elh `j hjoej ag ~l`qizwgu ja{gjagu j `j {gcjkiìqjei i{gmgog{jei ag` ~j{e {guiagoeij`, `j bj`qj ag ~l`qizwgu ag ~{lhlei j` ``lmwg{1 i ~g{ `qih ag `guaibiew`qjqu ~{~igu iocg{goqu j `j mguqi ag` ~j{e acjkiqjqmgu agbieigoq l lkul`gq/

@g`grjq ~{gw agù cjkiqjqmgu go `gu eiwqjqu egoq{jù rj ~{l~ieij{ zwg `j aghjoaj uja{geu j `gu~lk`jeilou agù rl`qjoqu, j ìoiei go `j ~{ihg{j el{loj hgq{l~lìqjoj i ~luqg{il{hgoq go `jugmloj, jbjrl{ioq `gs~joui ag `lbg{qj jhk cjkiqjqmgu j{{gom`g{jqu i woibjhiìj{u j``jqu/

@jwmhgoq ag ~{gwu gu rj ~{lawi{ go qlq g` hg{ejq ~g{ hl`q gu~geij`hgoq j `j eiwqjq elh~jeqjjhk woj ioeiaoeij hl`q olqjk`g go qlqj `j [gmi Hgq{l~lìqjoj ag Kj{eg`loj/

G` ~j~g{ ag `j kjisj agouiqjq

Hl`qj mgoq rj l~qj{ ~g{ jazwi{i{ j wo ~{gw uihi`j{ j `lbg{qjq j `j eiwqjq elh~jeqj woj {guiaoeijhu h~ìj, i cjkiqwj`hgoq jhk dj{a, j ejori awoj g`grjaj iorg{ui go eluqlu i qgh~u agaiejqj `j hlkiìqjq lkìmjaj/

u jis zwg hl`qu hwoiei~iu, go gu~geij` gù ~gqiqu, cjo gs~g{ihgoqjq wo e{gisghgoq go qgisiqu ag

kjisj agouiqjq7 hl`q ~g{ ulk{g ag `gu hiqdjogu aioe{ghgoq ag hwoiei~iu go ~luieilou hu~{l~g{gu j `j ej~iqj`/

Jzwguqj ~{l`lomjaj jeqiriqjq cj ~l{qjq j wo hlag` qg{{iql{ij` ~gewìj{ jhk woj ~{ihg{j{guiaoeij zwg uguqo biou wo {jai ag 17(2> fh ag Kj{eg`loj i zwg cj eloulìajq hl`qu agùqgisiqu ag kjisj agouiqjq gsiuqgoqu i goq{g g`ù g` ag `gu w{kjoiqtjeilou/

Jzwguqj uiqwjei cj j`qg{jq hl`qgu ag `gu rioew`jeilou eùuizwgu go `gu ioqg{{g`jeilou aiou ag`qg{{iql{i, ioq{lawioq aghjoagu ag hjdl{u ug{rgiu, oirg`ù aw{kjoiqtjei i wo ioe{ghgoq olqjk`g go`j ogeguuiqjq agzwi~jhgoqu #guel`j{, ujoiqj{i, juuiuqgoeij`, gqe), b{wiq ag` ejori ag ~j{q ajzwgquqgisiqu j ~{ihg{j {guiaoeij, ulk{g hwoiei~iu zwg oi guqjo ~{g~j{jqu, oi qgogo gù iouq{whgoqu, oi`j ej~jeiqjq ~g{ j mguqiloj{ qlqj `j aghjoaj/

@gu elougzoeigu gu q{jawgisgo go wou bl{qu agugzwiìk{iu qg{{iql{ijù, woj hjoej ag ug{rgiu,

wo uiuqghj biuej` ioej~j ag bg{ b{loq j `j olrj uiqwjei i wogu aibiew`qjqu ug{ilugu ~g{ j mj{joqi{`j eloqiowqjq i uluqgoikiìqjq ag` hlag` jeqwj`/

Wo j`q{g ju~geqg u g` agù e{gisghgoqu ag{irjqu ag `j ~{lhlei qw{uqiej zwg ioel{~l{j, dwoqjhk `gu joqg{il{u, j`q{gu elouiag{jeilou `ìmjagu j `jeqiriqjq gu~gebiej, j `gh~`jjhgoq,`gs~`lqjei i `j qiogoj, qlq i zwg lejuiloj`hgoq uioqg{{g`jeiloj jhk g` {guiagoeij` guq{ieqg/

^g{ ioqgoqj{ elh~{goa{g hi``l{ `j zguqi ioqgoqj{gh guqjkì{ go ~{ihg{ ``le zwioj u `j uiqwjeijeqwj` go qg{hgu zwjoqiqjqiwu/ Ugmwi{gh jhk woj joìui qg{{iql{ij` i ioqgoqj{gh bl{hw`j{ j`mwogu~{l~luqgu ajeqwjei/

;/ Hgqlal`lmij

Cgh jal~qjq elh j {gbg{oeij `gu ajagu zwg lbg{gis g` Hj~j W{kjouqie ag Ejqj`woyj #gogoajrjoq HWE) zwg j ~j{qi{ ag `gu zwjìbiejeilou agù wulu ag` u` zwg bimw{go go gù~`jogdjhgoqu hwoiei~jù, gù jm{w~j go wogu ejqgml{igu hu mgo{izwgu/ u eg{q zwg hi{joq jàgqj`` `j ioe`wui awo l j`q{g u i qi~l`lmij go woj ejqgml{ij l j`q{j ~la{ij ug{ lkdgeqg ageloq{lr{uij/ Qjhk zwg ci cj woj juihgq{ij e`j{j j `cl{j ag elouiag{j{ `j zwjìbiejei ag` uòl w{kjoiqtjk`g gob{loq j `j ag `w{k i `w{kjoiqtjk`g/ ^g{, ui hu ol, jzwguq u g` ~{ihg{juujim awoibl{hiqtj{ `j aiu~l{j ajaue{i~eilou w{kjouqizwgu zwg ejaj ~`j mgog{j` gbgeqwj,

1 Go jzwguq ugoqiq, `j @`gi Klyg{ ag :937, ioeia go g` hg{ejq ag` ``lmwg{ ag `cjkiqjqmg, ~g{ ol rj ug{eloqiowjq jhk olrgu {gmw`jeilou zwg `jeqwjìqtguio j `gu olrgu ogeguuiqjqu/7 Rgw{g g` q{gkj`` ag B{joegue Hwlt @j ~{laweei {guiagoeij` ag kjisj agouiqjq j `j ~{lroeij ag Kj{eg`loj/


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hl`qgu rgmjagu uw~{b`wgu, i go jzwguq ugoqiq i hj`m{jq j`mwogu aiubwoeilou2, elouiag{gh zwg uwoj kjug uwbieigoq ~g{ j `j~{l~jhgoq zwg rl`gh {gjìqtj{/

G` ~{leu ugmwiq cj guqjq4

( Hj~ibiejei i elh~qjqmg ag `gu uw~g{beigu ogqgu lew~jagu ~gù airg{ulu wulu ~g{j~{geij{ g` ~gu {g`jqiw agù aibg{goqu qgisiqu/

( Joìui ag `gu {g`jeilou goq{g wogu qi~l`lmigu ag qgisiqu i j`q{gu j bi i gbgeqg ag eloe{gqj{

g` ~gu qg{{iql{ij` zwg uw~lugo/( Joìui ag `gu ~luieilou agù airg{ulu qgisiqu go {g`jei j `j sj{sj ri{ij ag

elhwoiejeilou/

( Joìui agù hkiqu aiob`woeij ag `jeqiriqjq qw{uqiej go g` elodwoq ag` qgisiq aiu~g{u/

( Ioe`wui ag `joìui ag `j aiu~luiei i ~gu agù qgisiqu agaiejqu jù wulu {guiagoeijù{g`jeilojqu jhk gu jeqiriqjqu gelohizwgu, gù oweìu w{kjou i `gu sj{sgu ri{igu/

( Joìui elodwoq ag `gu ~luieilou ulk{g g` qg{{iql{i agù oweìu w{kjou, `gu jeqiriqjqugelohizwgu i `gu ejugu j``jagu, i `gu ioqg{{g`jeiloj{gh jhk `j sj{sj ri{ij i`jeeguuikiìqjq/

( Guqjkìhgoq awogu ci~qguiu ulk{g gù hkiqu aioqg{{g`jei i aiob`woeij goq{g jzwguquq{gu g`ghgoqu elouiag{joq elh j bi` eloaweql{ `jeeguuikiìqjq i `j hlkiìqjq ~g{zw gou~g{hgqio agìhiqj{ wogu tlogu ~g{ j wou ~luuik`gu ejh~u ajeei/

( Guqjkìhgoq awou e{iqg{iu ulk{g gù zw bl{hw`j{ gu eloqiomwqu ~{l~luiqiwu/

( Eloe{gei awou hlagù aioqg{{g`jei i wogu ~{l~luqgu ajeqwjei/

;/:/ M{joa{ij, uw~g{beigu i uiqwjei ag `gu qi~l`lmigu w{kjoguGs~`lqjei ag` HWE

Go ~{ihg{ ``le gu elh~qgo i hj~ibizwgo `gu uw~g{beigu zwg guqjo lew~joq gù airg{ulu wulu iqgisiqu ugmwioq gù e{iqg{iu ag` HWE zwg ujm{w~go go4

j) Qgisiqu {guiagoeij` ag oweì joqie i w{k q{jaieiloj` #e`jwu [: i [;) zwg uw~lugo `j kjug ag `gueiwqjqu i ~lk`gu #rgw{g ~òl` :)

k) Qgisiqu {guiagoeijù go l{agojei lkg{qj l qjoejaj #e`jwu [5 i [1) zwg elobl{hgo g` zwg~la{gh jolhgoj{ gisjh~`gu go woj jbgeei jh~ìj i zwg dwoq jhk gù joqg{il{u ~la{ghelouiag{j{ `j eiwqjq {guiagoeij` elh~jeqj #rgw{g ~òl` ;)

e) G` ~òl` 5 ioel{~l{j j `j kjug joqg{il{ `j qi~l`lmij ag ejugu jm{w~jagu #e`jw [7) (wqiìqtj{ghg` qg{hg jm{w~jagu l jaluujagu ag bl{hj ioaiuqioqj go jzwguq q{gkj``( i zwg, elh gu ~lqj~{geij{, lew~j woj uw~g{beig {gawaj i hl`qgu rgmjagu elob{loqjoq l go eloqiowqjq gù qgisiquag `j eiwqjq elh~jeqj/

a) G` ~òl` 1 hluq{j `gu lew~jeilou ag `gu ejugu j``jagu #e`jw [2) i ~luj ag {g``gw g` ~guzwjoqiqjqiw i `j agul{mjoiqtjei qg{{iql{ij` zwg g` qgisiq {guiagoeij` aiu~g{u ag ejugu j``jagu

uw~luj {gu~geqg `j eiwqjq elh~jeqj/Ui lkug{rgh g` ~gu zwg uw~lugo gù qgisiqu ag kjisj agouiqjq {gu~geqg `j eiwqjq elh~jeqj g`~òl` 7 gou hluq{j woj ihjqmg e`j{ibiejal{j/

G` ~òl` ioel{~l{j j `gu tlogu ag eiwqjq elh~jeqj jzwg`ù qgisiqu zwg g` HWE jolhgoj Hisqlu,dj uimwio ag q{joubl{hjei w{kjoj #e`jw H:)6 ag eloug{rjei w{kjoj #e`jw H;) l hisqgu(hisqgu izwg ioe`lw uiqwjeilou hu cgqg{lmoigu #e`jw H5)/ Qlqu g`ù guqjo go mgog{j` go ~{lsihiqjq lioe`lulu go gù ioqg{uqieiu agù qgisiqu elh~jeqgu, ag hjog{j zwg ~la{gh cjrg{ elouiag{jq zwgbl{hgo ~j{q qjhk ag` zwg jolhgogh eiwqjq elh~jeqj/ Qjohjqgis ~g{ griqj{ `gu ~luuik`guelobwuilou zwg ~la{igo ag{irj{(ug agù aibg{goqu wulu zwg elh~{gogo, gù cgh gseù agùhj~gu/

@gu jeqiriqjqu gelohizwgu cjo lew~jq, hjdl{iq{ijhgoq, gù uù gsqg{il{u j `j eiwqjq elh~jeqj

2 @j zwjìbiejei ag ejugu jm{w~jagu [7 ioe`lw cjkiqjqmg uwkw{k q~ie ag ejugu goq{g hiqmg{gu eju ag Ujkjag``


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go gu~geij` eg{ejoq gù bjeql{u al~l{qwoiqjq zwg `j hi``l{j ag `j sj{sj ri{ij cj jojq elobg{ioqjù airg{ulu qg{{iql{iu/ G` ~òl` i``wuq{j g` ~gu i `j uiqwjei agù qgisiqu aguqiojqu j jeqiriqjqgelohiej ioawuq{ij` #e`jw J:) ug{rgiu #e`jw J;) i `lmuqiej #e`jwJ5), {gu~geqg `j eiwqjq elh~jeqji elh `j ugrj ~luiei i jìogjei elobl{hgo òigu ag eloqiowqjq ag ù ag` qg{{iql{i zwgkrijhgoq elioeiagisgo jhk `guq{weqw{j ag `j sj{sj ri{ij kuiej/

Go `joìui elh~qj{gh `gu airg{ugu uw~g{beigu zwjìbiejagu ~g{ j ejaj qi~wu, ~g{ hwoiei~i ielhj{ej i jojìqtj{gh gù ~gu {g`jqiw agù airg{ulu qgisiqu/ ^g{ j bjeiìqj{ `j elh~{goui

guqjkì{gh woj u{ig ag m{bieu i hj~gu zwg i``wuq{go g` ~gu {g`jqiw agù airg{ulu qgisiqu goq{gg`ù i ~g{ hwoiei~iu/

;/;/ @j sj{sj ri{ij i `gu qi~l`lmigu w{kjogu

J `gu {g~{gugoqjeilou joqg{il{u jbgmi{gh `j sj{sj ri{ij ~g{ olhu `gu jwql~iuqgu i jwqlriguelh j gislu guq{weqw{joqu i `j sj{sj ~{ih{ij zwg ioe`lw `gu ~{ioei~jù ej{{gqg{gu #ugmwioq `je`juuibiejei bjeiìqjaj ~g{ `j AMW/) i `gu ~luj{gh go {g`jei jhk gù airg{ulu qgisiqu w{kjou qjoq{guiagoeijù elh ajeqiriqjq gelohiej/ Jzwguqj aiu~luiei gou ~g{hgq{ guqjkì{ `gu ~luuik`gu{g`jeilou go bwoei ag `j ~{lsihiqjq j `j sj{sj i `j hlkiìqjq, g` ~òl` 3 `gu i``wuq{j/ E{gigh zwg

u ioqg{guujoq ~g{zw ~l{qj ih~èiqgu wogu aiuqoeigu ag agu~`jjhgoq i, ~g{ qjoq, wouj``woyjhgoqu agù gislu ag hjdl{ jeqiriqjq #gelohiej i uleij`) ulk{g gù zwg gu q{lkgo gùoweìu ag ~lk`jei, zwg uo gù ~lù ~{ioei~jù aioqg{{g`jei i ag rg{qgk{jei qg{{iql{ij`/

G` ~òl` 9 uw~g{~luj `j hjqgisj sj{sj ri{ij jù qgisiqu ajeqiriqjqu zwg, elh gu ~lq j~{geij{,guqjo lew~joq ~luieilou hl`q ~{l~g{gu j `gu rigu i jhk woj ih~l{qjoq eloqiowqjq/

G` ~òl` :> hluq{j `j {g`jei goq{g gù airg{ulu qgisiqu #eiwqjq elh~jeqj, eiwqjq aiu~g{uj, qgisiquajeqiriqjqu) i `j sj{sj ri{ij/ Go `joìui j~{lbwoai{gh go jzwguqj {g`jei jqgoqu j {guuj`qj{jzwg`ù hkiqu aw{kjoiqtjeilou zwg gu q{lkgo j agqg{hiojagu aiuqoeigu ag `gu ej{{gqg{gu~{ioei~jù i gù ~woqu ago``j ag `gu jwql~iuqgu/

;/5/ Gù Uiuqghgu agu~jiu lkg{qu l kilairg{ulu i `guw{kjoiqtjeilou

Gù gu~jiu ~{lqgmiqu

Wo agù ju~geqgu ag hjdl{ jbgeqjei ~g{hjogoq ag` ~{leu w{kjoiqtjal{ ol rioew`jq j gu~jiuw{kjou elh~jeqgu ~{ggsiuqgoqu u ~{geiujhgoq `j ioqg{jeei qeiqj zwg mgog{j jhk gù gu~jiulkg{qu ag eji{g hu kilairg{u/ Ulrioq `j aiu~luiei ag `gu w{kjoiqtjeilou bj zwg `j uw~g{beig ageloqjeqg goq{g gù `hiqu ag `j w{kjoiqtjei i jzwguqu gu~jiu ag eg{qj zwjìqjq gel`miej uimwi{g`jqirjhgoq m{jo/ Jis bj zwg gù oirg`ù ag ~g{ql{kjei ~g{ihgq{j` el{{gu~logoqu uimwioih~l{qjoqu, hu zwjoq `j jb`woeij ag ~g{ulogu zwg elh~l{qj `guqjkìhgoq ag `j w{kjoiqtjeimj{joqgis woj ioqgouibiejei ag `j b{gzgoqjei, jhk `gu elougzoeigu ~g{ql{kjal{gu

el{{gu~logoqu/^g{ qjoq, {g`jeiloj{gh gù uù lew~jqu ~g{ `gu w{kjoiqtjeilou jhk gù hkiqu agù gu~jiu~{lqgmiqu l j ~{gug{rj{ ~gù ugwu rj`l{u ojqw{jù, jhk `lkdgeqiw ag ~luj{ ag hjoibguq `j~luuik`g b{jmiìqjq aj`mwou ajzwguqu gu~jiu `ìw{gu j ejwuj ag `j ~{guoeij l ~{lsihiqjq, zwjool jadjeoeij, aw{kjoiqtjeilou zwg aiuql{uilogo, zwjo ol aibiew`qgo, `j eloqiowqjq i `j~g{uiuqoeij agù rj`l{u ojqw{jù/ G` ~òl` :7 uw~g{~luj gù hkiqu ag ~{lqgeei jhk `guw{kjoiqtjeilou i gu elh~qjkiìqtgo gù {guw`qjqu/

Gù gu~jiu jhk {iuelu iocg{goqu

Go mgog{j` ~lagh elouiag{j{ awgu m{jou ~g{ql{kjeilou jhkigoqjù {g`jqirjhgoq {gew{{goqu gog` eloqgsq ag` oluq{g qg{{iql{i4 gù ioegoaiu bl{guqjù i g` {iue aiowoajeilou/ Jhkawgu guej{jeqg{iqtgo ~g{, awoj kjoaj, jbgeqj{ ag hjog{j ih~l{qjoq gù geluiuqghgu elh~{lhgqgoqgù ugwu rj`l{u go aibg{goq m{jw ag~gogoq ag `j ioqgouiqjq i `j b{gzoeij ag `j ~g{ql{kjei/^g{ qjhk ag~gogoq ag `j ej~jeiqjq ag {guiuqoeij i ag {guiìoeij ag` geluiuqghj jbgeqjq/Aj`q{j kjoaj ~g{ jbgeqj{ g` kgou ag `gu ~g{ulogu, l go g` ~iqdl{ agù ejulu j `gu hjqgisgu


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~g{ulogu/

Gù ~òlù :2 i := ~lugo go {g`jei `j hj~ibiejei agù qg{{iql{iu jhk ~luuik`gu {iuelu ~lqgoeijù#ioegoai i iowoajkiìqjq) jhk `j uiqwjei ag `gu w{kjoiqtjeilou ag ej{j j agqgeqj{ jzwg``gu zwgguqjo go ~luiei ag hu l hgoyu {iue ugmlou zwgaio ioe`lulu go `gu ~g{hgq{gu ajzwguqu/


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5/ Joìui zwjoqiqjqiw agù qgisiqu ugmlou wulu

5/:/ @j uiqwjei mgog{j`@guqwai aiagoqibiejei i uiqwjei ag `gu w{kjoiqtjeilou= j~l{qj wogu sib{gu mgog{jù ulk{g `jih~`joqjei, `gu aihgouilou, olhk{g ag ~j{eg``gu i lew~joqu ~lqgoeijù agù qgisiqu {guiagoeijùwoibjhiìj{u j``jqu/

@gu eloaieilou i gù lkdgeqiwu ajzwg`` q{gkj`` rjo ìhiqj{ g` olhk{g aw{kjoiqtjeilou zwgbl{hjrgo ~j{q ag ìorgoqj{i ag hjog{j zwg guqjo ioel{~l{jagu i guqwaijagu olhu jzwg``guzwg jelh~ìgo wogu agqg{hiojagu eloaieilou3/ ^g{ jis ol {gew`` `j qlqjìqjq ag `guw{kjoiqtjeilou/ ^g{ j ~j`ìj{ go ~j{q `j uiqwjei, gu rj iagoqibiej{ jzwg`ù hkiqu ag kjisjagouiqjq jhk ejugu j``jagu i agu~{u gu rj eloqiowj{ q{gkj``joq jhk woj ~j{q ag `woirg{uiagoqibiejq/

Go elodwoq gu rjo agìhiqj{ ;/527 w{kjoiqtjeilou, :/:5= j `j ~{lroeij ag Kj{eg`loj i :/;;3 j`gu j`q{gu q{gu ~{lroeigu/ Gù guqwaiu #agù joyu ;>>5 i ;>>= {gu~geqirjhgoq) {gel`ìgo ijh~ìjrgo `gu ajagu ulk{g wo woirg{u hu ìhiqjq, ag 3>2 w{kjoiqtjeilou j `j aghj{ejei agKj{eg`loj i =;> j `gu q{gu j`q{gu aghj{ejeilou, jhk ajagu j~{lsihjagu ag `j uw~g{beig zwglew~jrgo, g` olhk{g ag ~j{eg``gu i `gu zwg guqjrgo gaibiejagu, ag hjog{j zwg, juuwhioq g`hj{mg ag{{l{ zwg woj gsq{j~l`jei uih~`g ~lq uw~luj{ i guqjkìoq `j ~{l~l{eilojìqjq jhk

jzwg``gu ajagu, ~la{gh ~gouj{ zwg g` elodwoq ag `gu ;/527 w{kjoiqtjeilou lew~go wojuw~g{beig ag 2=/;=2 cgeq{ggu, jhk wogu 1=5/39= ~j{eg``gu ag `gu zwjù guqjrgo gaibiejagu g`7=' i zwg ~la{igo aloj{ ejkwaj j woj ~lk`jei ~lqgoeij` a:/:>>/>>> ~g{ulogu/

Olhk{g w{kjoiqtjeilou Uw~g{beig go cj Oh/ ~j{eg``gu Oh/ gaibiejagu Oh/ cjkiqjoqu

;/527 2=/;=2 1=5/39= ;72/;27 :/:>>/>>>

Ol u ~luuik`g jej{j{ jzwguqgu ajagu jhk `gu zwg lbg{gis g` HWE ~g{zw `gu qeoizwguaiagoqibiejei i agìhiqjei agù hkiqu uo aibg{goqu i aibiew`qgo `gu elh~j{jeilou/

G` q{gkj`` joqg{il{ ag `gu w{kjoiqtjeilou agìhiqjrj l {gelogisij gù hkiqu guqjk`g{qgu ~g`~`jogdjhgoq rimgoq #^`j ^j{eij`, Ugeql{, ^`j ag Hi``l{j W{kjoj l ^l`mlo aJeqwjei (jkjouqjhk Woiqjq aJeqwjei, WJ() ag hjog{j zwg hjoqgoij woj {gbg{oeij jhk `gu bimw{gu ag~`jogdjhgoq l mguqi zwg alogo l cjrigo alojq elkg{qw{j `gmj` j `gu ~{lhleilou/ Hl`qguw{kjoiqtjeilou cjrigo aiu~lujq aj`mwo alewhgoq4 ~òl` ~j{eg``j{i, ~`j ~j{eij`, gqe zwg cjrijguqjq `j mogui ag `j ~j{eg``jei, hj`m{jq zwg hl`qgu ol rjo juulì{ `j~{lrjei agbioiqirj ag`~`jogdjhgoq oi `j hjdl{ij rjo elh~`gqj{ gù iouq{whgoqu ag mguqi w{kjouqiej/

G` HWE agìhiqj ~l`mlou mglhq{ieu ugmlou gù wulu l zwjìbiejeilou w{kjouqizwgu guq{ieqguag hjog{j zwg `gu uw~g{beigu iagoqibiejagu go ejaj zwjìbiejei {gu~logo gse`wuirjhgoq j ùeloe{gq, ol ioel{~l{joq go wou hkiqu iagoqibiejk`gu oi gù rijù, oi `gu tlogu rg{agu, gùgzwi~jhgoqu l gù ug{rgiu qeoieu j` ug{rgi ag` ugeql{, j aibg{oeij ag` q{gkj`` joqg{il{/ u elh~j{`j{ awogu uw~g{beigu ogqgu ag zwjìbiejei/

Wogu {g`jeilou zwg ~lagh gsq{gw{g goq{g `gu hgaieilou awoj i j`q{j kjug uo4( @gu uw~g{beigu iagoqibiejagu elh w{kjoiqtjei j `guqwai joqg{il{ qgoigo woj gsqgoui ag

2=/;=2 cj/ G` HWE juuimoj `j zwjìbiejei {guiagoeij` j` 1=,;', u j ai{ 5:/=>5 cj/,hgoq{g zwg `j {guqj ag `gu uw~g{beigu uo rijù, tlogu rg{agu, gu~jiu `ìw{gu, ug{rgiu lgzwi~jhgoqu/

( @j uw~g{beig hiqdj ag ~j{eg``j ag `gu ejugu j``jagu u ag 229 h; jhk woj agouiqjqogqj ag zwjui :7 cjkiqjqmgu ~g{ cj, i `j agouiqjq ~lqgoeij` ogqj hiqdj u ag `l{a{g ag 57

= Guqwai Kj{kj(Hg{eja ulk{g `gu w{kjoiqtjeilou j `j ~{lroeij ag Kj{eg`loj #;>>5, ~wkìejq ~g{ Ai~wqjei agKj{eg`loj) i ag `j {guqj ag Ejqj`woyj #Mi{loj, Qj{{jmloj i @`giaj) ;>>= Ag~j{qjhgoq ag ^l`qiej Qg{{iql{ij` i Lk{gu

^kìzwgu, ag `j Mgog{jìqjq ag Ejqj`woyj/3 Aguej{qjrj jzwg``gu zwg j{j ulo gisjh~`g ag ~lk`jeilou, `gu zwg guqjrgo j woj aiuqoeij iobg{il{ j :fh ag` ejue i `gu~gqiqgu 0:Cj


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~g{ulogu ~g{ cj i woj k{wqj ag :2 cjkiqjoqu ~g{ cj/

@gu ajagu ag` HWE zwg jrgoqw{gh qlq ugmwiq, bjo ~gouj{ zwg g` elodwoq jolhgojq ejugujm{w~jagu #[7), zwg lew~j woj uw~g{beig ogqj ag ;/:92 cj, el{{gu~lo j4

( Woj m{joa{ij hiqdjoj ag ~j{eg``j ag :2> j ;>> h;, ag hjog{j zwg g` olhk{g~{griuik`g awoiqjqu gaibiejq{igu guqj{ij {loajoq goq{g gù :>9/3>> i gù :53/>>>cjkiqjqmgu ~lqgoeijù, jhk woj ~lk`jei ~luuik`g elh~{guj goq{g gù 5:7/>>> i 592/>>>cjkiqjoqu/ Uw~luj woj agouiqjq ogqj j `goql{o ag 2> cjkiqjqmgu i ag :17 ~g{ulogu ~g{cj/

Wqiìqtjoq jzwguqgu ajagu, ~la{gh ~gouj{ zwg gù jolhgojqu qgisiqu ag kjisj agouiqjq, u j ai{,ejugu j``jagu i jm{w~jagu elodwoqjhgoq, elh~wqjoq `gu zwg dj gsiuqgisgo, qgogo wo ~lqgoeij` 9goq{g =9>/>>> i 329/9>> cjkiqjqmgu jhk `j ~luuikiìqjq aj``lqdj{ woj ~lk`jei {guiagoq ag:/1>>/>>> j :/7>>/>>> ~g{ulogu/

5/;/ Joìui zwjoqiqjqiw go kjug j` Hj~j W{kjouqie ag Ejqj`woyj#HWE)Rl`gh jojìqtj{ g` ~gu zwg {g~{gugoqgo gù airg{ulu qgisiqu w{kjou go g` elodwoq ag Ejqj`woyj/

G` HWE jm{w~j `gu airg{ugu bl{hgu w{kjogu {guiagoeijù ag` qg{{iql{i ugmlou `j ugmgoqe`juuibiejei4 Oweì Joqie #[:)6 W{k Q{jaieiloj` #[;), L{agojei Qjoejaj #[5), L{agojeiLkg{qj #[1)6 Ejugu Jm{w~jagu #[7) i Ejugu J``jagu #[2) J hu, jhk g` elai ag Hisq jm{w~juiqwjeilou w{kjogu airg{ugu4 Hisq ag Q{joubl{hjei #H:)6 Hisq ag Eloug{rjei #H;) i Hisq Hisq#H5) zwg go mgog{j` guqjo go ~luiei ag eloqimiqjq jù qgisiqu agoulu i zwg ~g{ jzwguq q{gkj``jm{w~j{gh jhk `gu joqg{il{u ejqgml{igu j gbgeqgu ag agbioi{ `woirg{u {guiagoeij` ag Ejqj`woyj/Jojìqtj{gh `j eloq{ikwei zwg ejaj m{w~ j~l{qj j` elodwoq {guiagoeij` ag` ~ju/

5/;/:/ Qgisiqu zwg bl{hgo g` Oweì Joqie #[:) i g` Ejue W{k #[;)/

Elouqiqwgisgo g` oweì l egoq{g ag `j m{jo hjdl{ij ag `gu ~lk`jeilou/

Qgogo woj guq{weqw{j go mgog{j` agouj {gu~geqg j`q{guqi~wu ag qgisiqu {guiagoeijù ag` hwoiei~i goej{j zwgjzwguqj ejqgml{ij ioe`lw uiqwjeilou hl`q cgqg{lmoigu,elh ~g{ gsgh~`g g` ejue joqie ag Kj{eg`loj l g` oweìw{k ag îg{j, hj`m{jq zwg ejajuewoj q woguagouiqjqu hl`q aibg{goqu zwg, go mgog{j`, guqjo go

bwoei ag `j m{joa{ij ag `j ~lk`jei i `guq{weqw{j w{kjoj/

^la{gh elouiag{j{ zwg hwoiei~iu jhk woj ~lk`jei iobg{il{ jù 1>/>>> cjkiqjoqu, jzwguqjbl{hj w{kjoj ~{gugoqj{ woj agouiqjq gzwi~j{jk`g j `j {guw`qjoq awo qgisiq elh~jeqg ag ~`joqjkjisj hu awgu ~`joqgu ~iu

9 Ugoug elouiag{j{ g` bgolhgo ag ~j{qiei i``gmj` acjkiqjqmgu woibjhiìj{u j kibjhiìj{ zwg uguq ~{lawio q/

O ag hwoiei~iujhk {gg u#[: & [;) elh~{gugugoq{g4

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Io qg{rj` go Cj o ag hwoiei~iu Uw~g{beig #Cj)> :;9 >,>>> j ; 95 ::5,:7; j 7 :99 2==,727 j :> ;>1 :/195,;1:> j :>> 5>9 =/==9,3;:>> j 7>> :: :/327,;3? 7>> : :/19>,:7

912 :5/1:9,;:


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Ui jm{w~gh `gu awgu ejqgml{igu, [:&[;, lkug{rgh zwg agù 912 hwoiei~iu ci cj :;9 zwg olqgogo oweì, 95 qgogo wo ejue joqie ~gqiq 0 ;cj, ci cj :99 hwoiei~iu zwg qgogo goq{g ; i 7 cj6;>1 guqjo goq{g 7 i :> cj, 5>9 goq{g :> i :>> cj i olhu :: eiwqjqu guqjo goq{g `gu :>> i 7>> cj,hgoq{g zwg `j eiwqjq ag Kj{eg`loj uw~g{j `gu 7>> cj/

Go qlqj` jzwguqj qi~l`lmij lew~j :5/1:9 cj zwg uw~luj g` ;1' ag qlq g` u` aguqiojq j wulu{guiagoeijù

5/;/;/ L{agojei qjoejaj i lkg{qj #[5 & [1)

Ui lkug{rgh g` zwg uweeggis jhk gù qgisiqu go L{agojei qjoejaj i lkg{qj #[5 & [1), zwg~la{gh juuihi`j{ jù gisjh~`gu i ~l`mlou, rgigh zwglew~go 3/=51 cj i zwg uw~luj g` :2' ag` elodwoq zwglew~j ù {guiagoeij`, jhk woj aiuq{ikwei ~g{hwoiei~iu go zwg Kj{eg`loj uw~g{j `gu 7>> cj ugmwiqag alu hwoiei~iu ~g{ ulk{g ag `gu ;>> Cj ejajuewo#`Clu~iqj`gq ag @`lk{gmjq i Kjaj`loj)/ Ci cj :1 eiwqjquzwg go qgogo goq{g :>> i ;>> cj i go elodwoq lew~go;/>>> Cj hgoq{g zwg :13 ~lk`jeilou go qgogo 1/7;1cj, `j hgiqjq ag `gu zwjù go qgisiq agisjh~`g, jhk

aihgouilou zwg luei``go goq{g `gu :> i :>> cj/ G` m{w~ jhk gisjh~`gu ag m{joa{ij elh~{gujgoq{g `gu > i :> Cj jkjuqj 55= hwoiei~iu i j`cl{j go 11= ~lk`jeilou #zwjui `j hgiqjq ag` qlqj`),ol ci cj jzwguqj hl{bl`lmij/

5/;/5/ @gu ejugu jm{w~jagu #[7)

@gu ejugu jm{w~jagu # i `gu jaluujagu e`jw [7)lew~go ;/:91 cj, i ol uw~g{go g` 5,9' ag` qlqj` agu` {guiagoeij`/ G` ugw ~gu go g` elodwoq ol uuimoibiejqiw oi ~lq uw~luj{ wo agurg{qgk{jhgoqqg{{iql{ij` ``grjq zwg `j ugrj {g`jei {gu~geqg j `j

eiwqjq elh~jeqj uimwi j~{geijk`g/ Ci cj 5 hwoiei~iujhk hu ag 7> cj ejajuewo/ Uiu ~lk`jeilou qgogogoq{g ;7 i 7> cj6 7> goq{g :> i ;7 cj, 29 guqjoelh~{gugu goq{g 7 i :> cj i :33 goq{g : j 7 cj6 :21

qgogo hgoyu a: cj i 122 ol go qgogo/

G` {ozwiom `luqgoqj Ujkjag`` jhk :1; cj ugmwiq agAg`qgk{g i [gwu, qlq i zwg e{gigh zwg ~la{ij ug{elougzoeij, go gù q{gu ejulu, acjrg{ jaue{iq j `jejqgml{ij ag ejugu jm{w~jagu kloj ~j{q ag` qgisiq{guiagoeij` uwkw{k eùuie ag ejugu ag elu goq{ghiqmg{gu go ~`joqj kjisj i : l ; ~`joqgu zwg bl{hgo

~j{q ag` qgisiq w{k ag `j eiwqjq i zwg ol gu el{{gu~lo jhk ìhjmioj{i ag `gu ejugu jaluujagu/G` qgisiqu {guiagoeij` w{k ag kloj ~j{q ag `gisjh~`g ag Ujkjag`` gu rj ~{lawi{ jhk woj kjugri{ij ag ej{{g{u {g`jqirjhgoq guq{gqu jhk woj hl{bl`lmij ag ejugu goq{g hiqmg{gu jhk ~jqiioqg{il{ zwg elh~q uiqwjeilou acjkiqjqmg woibjhiìj{ elh ~`w{ibjhiìj{ i lo q{jaieiloj`hgoq i hugù aj{{g{u joyu gu rj uwkuqiqwi{ `j ~j{eg``jei ioieij` ag ejugu ag elu ~g{ woj olkj zwgjm{w~jrj r{igu ~j{eg``gu i ~g{hgqij woj ~{lhlei ~`w{ibihiìj{ hu jaj~qjaj j `gu olrguqgoaoaigu/ Go `jeqwjìqjq eloriwgoq qlqgu `gu hlajìqjqu ulk{g g` qgisiq uwkw{k q{jaieiloj` /

Ioqg{rj` go Cj o ag hwoiei~iu Uw~g{beig #Cj)> 111 >,>>> j ; :=: ::=,3:; j :> :22 3:2,1>:> j :>> :13 1/7;1,25:>> j ;>> :1 :/999,95;>> j 7>> ; 752,;2? 7>> : =59,23

912 3/=51,=:

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13/35

:5

5/;/1/ @gu ejugu j``jagu #[2)

@gu ejugu j``jagu #e`jw [2) lew~go 5:/=>; cj ag u` ogq, g` zwg uw~luj g` 72' ag` qlqj` agù` {guiagoeij` zwjìbiejq/

Ci cj ;1 hwoiei~iu jhk hu ag ;7> cj ejajuewojaue{iqgu j jzwguq u i g`ù ulù uw~lugo huawoj zwj{qj ~j{q ag` qlqj`/ 2; ~lk`jeilou qgogo

w{kjoiqtjeilou zwg lew~go goq{g :>> i ;7> Cj i{g~{gugoqgo woj qg{eg{j ~j{q ag `j uw~g{beiglew~jaj ~g{ `j qi~l`lmij/ Ci cj =; hwoiei~iu zwg goqgogo goq{g 7> i :>> cj/ ;:9 `lejìqjqu qgogo goq{g

:> i 7> cj/ 5;: ~lk`jeilou guqjo goq{g : i :> cj/ Go=: hwoiei~iu qgogo wou ~gqiqu m{w~uaw{kjoiqtjeilou jhk ~{guoeij iobg{il{ j : cj i go:== hwoiei~iu ol ci cj ejugu j``jagu/

G` {ozwiom ejqj` jhk qi~l`lmij ag ejugu j``jagu guq goej~j`jq ~gù hwoiei~iu ag UjoqEwmjq ag` Rj`ù, jhk 731 cj lew~jagu, ugmwiq ag @`l{gq ag Hj{ i El{kg{j ag @`lk{gmjq, jhkhu ag 7>> Cj ejajuewo/ Alu jhk `j ~{ihg{j {guiaoeij hl`q guqguj i @`l{gq jhk wo u~{galhiojoq ag eji{g qw{uqie/ Gù ugmwgisgo Rj`ì{joj, îg{j, Hjqjag~g{j i @ìj aJhwoq jhkhu ag 1>> Cj hjdl{iq{ijhgoq ag ~{ihg{j {guiaoeij/

G` m{w~ ugmgoq guq bl{hjq ~g{ :; hwoiei~iu jhk ejugu j``jagu zwg lew~go goq{g 5>>(1>> cji zwg jm{w~j Ql{qluj, Hjjogq ag `j Ug`rj, Ej`jbg``,Kimwgu i [ig`ù, Zwg{l`, Rjej{iuugu, Kgmw{, Ej`lomg,Ujoq E{iuqioj aJ{l, Eg{rg``, Hloq({lim ag` Ejh~ ig` Rgoa{g``/ Elh gu ~lq aiuqiomi{, 1 el{{gu~logo j~{ihg{j {guiaoeij, aguqjej g` ~gu ag `gu ejuguj``jagu j Ql{qluj i gù j`q{gu 3 guqjohjdl{iq{ijhgoq {g`jeilojqu jhk g` qw{iuhg/

Agù eioe hwoiei~iu {guqjoqu q{gu qgogo wo uguqjeiloj` l ag ugmloj {guiaoeij/ ^g{ eloq{j alu,g` Rgoa{g`` i Qg{{juuj, qgogo wo u hjdl{iqj{i ag~{ihg{j {guiaoeij/

Aguqjej zwg awgu ej~iqjù ag elhj{ej jhk woj~lk`jei i ~gu ih~l{qjoq, qgogo woj bl{qj ~{guoeijag u` lew~jq ~g{ `gu ejugu j``jagu elh uweeggis jQl{qluj jhk 53= cj i j `j eiwqjq ag Qg{{juuj jhk;2; cj #zwg ~la{ij ug{ agmwq j j`mwoj aiubwoei go`jaue{i~ei j `j qi~l`lmij ag ejugu j``jagu)/

2; hwoiei~iu qgogo :5 ag `j uw~g{beig ag `gu ejuguj``jagu i bl{hgo g` m{w~ elh~{u goq{g :>> i ;7>cj i goq{g gù :2 ~{ihg{u ci q{lkgh4 Ejàgu agHj`jrg``j, [lugu, `Guej`j, Ewoiq, `Jhgq``j ag Hj{,`j Kiukj` ag` ^gogau, ^j`jb{wmg``, Ejuqg``j{ ag`Rj`ù, g` Ejq``j{, Alu{iwu, Ejuqg`` aGh~{igu,

Ejàgu ag Hloqkwi, Ugrj, Ag`qgk{g i Ria{g{gu6 zwguw~g{go `gu ;>>cj lew~jagu/ Gù ;7 hwoiei~iu

O ag hwoiei~iu jhk {ggu #[2) elh~{gugug oq{g4

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14/35

:1

ugmgoqu bl{hgo wo m{w~ cgqg{lmgoi go g` zwg dwoq j ~lk`jeilou ag ~gqiqgu aihgouilouj~j{gisgo Kj{eg`loj, Ejuqg`àgbgù, Eg{ajoyl`j ag` Rj`ù, [wk, Ujoq Eg`loi i Mi{loj/ Qjozwgog` m{w~ ;: hwoiei~iu, goq{g g`ù hwoiei~iu qjoq ag ~{ihg{j elh ag ugmloj {guiaoeij ihjdl{iq{ijhgoq ag aihgouilou {gawagu l hiqmgu gseg~qg Qj{{jmloj jhk :1> cj/

5/5/ G` ~gu {g`jqiw agù qgisiqu aiu~g{ulu {gu~geqg gùelh~jeqgu/

Woj `geqw{j ioqg{guujoq ag `gu joqg{il{u iobl{hjeilou gou `lbg{gis g` zwjoqibiej{ `j {g`jei zwggsiuqgis goq{g `gu airg{ugu uw~g{beigu zwg lew~go ejaj qi~l`lmij gaibiejq{ij i goq{g g``gu/ ^g{jis cgh elobgeeilojq `j u{ig ag ~òlù :3 j ;; go gù zwg gu {gb`geqgisgo ~g{ hwoiei~iujzwg`ù zwg aguqjzwgo ~g{ `j hjdl{ ~{guoeij ag qgisiqu {guiagoeijù j``jqu l jm{w~jqu i g` ~gu{g`jqiw agù qgisiqu elh~jeqgu {gu~geqg gù j``jqu l jaluujqu/

Ucjo agqg{hiojq wogu {qilu ~g{ j hguw{j{ g` ~gu zwg ejaj qi~l`lmij {g~{gugoqj {gu~geqg `guj`q{gu, go gu~geij` `gu {gbg{iagu j` ~gu ag `gu ejugu j``jagu, {gu~geqg `gu ejugu jaluujagu i gùqgisiqu ag `j eiwqjq elh~jeqj/ L `j ioeiaoeij go ejaj hwoiei~i ag `j aibg{goq {g`jei ag `gu ejuguj``jagu hu `gu jm{w~jagu {gu~geqg `j eiwqjq elh~jeqj i riuwjìqtj{ g` ~gu zwg go g`ù

jazwi{gisgo gù wulu {guiagoeijù go kjisj agouiqjq/

Ui ejèw`gh g` zwleigoq ag `gu uw~g{beigu aguqiojagu j wo l j`q{g u, gou ~g{hgq lbg{i{ woguihjqmgu ag `j ugrj aiuq{ikwei qg{{iql{ij` i j`cl{j woj m{jajei zwg agolqj `j hjdl{ ioeiaoeij i~{guoeij zwg ejaj qi~wu awu {g~{gugoqj ulk{g `j {guqj agù wulu {guiagoeijù/

5/5/:/ @gu ejugu j``jagu {gu~geqg `gu ejugujm{w~jagu

Ui lkug{rgh `j {g`jei gsiuqgoqgoq{g `gu uw~g{beigu aguqiojagu j `j qi~l`lmij ag ejugu j``jagu [2 {gu~geqg `gu uw~g{beigu agejugu jaluujagu [7 i ejèw`gh g` ugw zwleigoq, rgw{gh zwg go wo klo olhk{g ag hwoiei~iu#135) ol ci cj ~{guoeij ag `wo l `j`q{g, u j ai{, zwg g` ~gu ag` qgisiqu ajzwguqgu awguqi~l`lmigu l qgogo ~lej ~{guoeij l olhu oi cj awo qi~wu/ G` ~òl` :9 hluq{j `j {g`jei/

Go 75 hwoiei~iu ci cj hu ~gu agù qgisiqu ag ejugu jm{w~jagu zwg ag ejugu j``jagu, hgoq{gzwg go `j {guqj agù 1:> hwoiei~iu ~{galhioj `gu ejugu j``jagu jhk wo ~gu aguqjejk`g go gùhwoiei~iu aJ{mgoqloj, îogaj ag Hj{, Ql{{g``gu ag Blis, Rjej{iuugu, Ri`jolrj ag` Rj`ù i^j`jb{wmg``, go gù zwg g` u` aguqiojq j ejugu j``jagu u hu ag 7>> rgmjagu g` ajaluujagu/

Go gù hwoiei~iu ag Eolrgu, Ejuqg``r ag [lujogu, Ujoq Uj`rjal{ ag Mwj{ail`j, Lìrg``j,^j`jbl`ù, [wk, Ujoq Egk{i ag Rj``j`qj, Ujoq Ewmjq ag` Rj`ù, Ri`ja{jw i Dloeluj ag` Hloqhg```j {g`jei u agoq{g ;>> i 7>> rgmjagu hu ag u` aguqiojq j ejugu j``jagu zwg j jaluujagu/

G` qg{eg{ m{w~ g` bl{hgo := hwoiei~iu go gù zwg `j uw~g{beig aguqiojaj j ejugu j``jagu ugoq{g :>> j ;>> rgmjagu i aguqjzwgo, goq{g ag`gu, Kj{eg`loj, Kjaj`loj, Eg{ajoyl`j ag`Rj`ù, Ejk{iù, Alu{iwu, Ujàgu, Ujoq Joa{gw ag @`jrjog{gu, Ujoq Bgìw ag Elaiogu, Ujoq ^g{gag Ri`jhjdl{, Qj{jag``, Ql{ag{j, Mj{{imwg``j, J`g{j ag Ej{`gu, `j Kiukj` ag` ^gogau, Ejk{j agÈjh~, Bìs i [lzwgqgu/ u griagoq zwg g` ~gu jkul`wq ag `gu uw~g{beigu aguqiojagu j `gu ejuguj``jagu go gù airg{ulu hwoiei~iu ol u elh~j{jk`g, ~g{ ui aoj woj iagj ag` ~gu {g`jqiwawogu qi~l`lmigu {gu~geqg `gu j`q{gu i ag elh ejajuewoj agqg{hioj `j ej{jeqg{iqtjei ag` hlagàlew~jei qg{{iql{ij`/

[jqil o ag hwoiei~iu Uw~g{beig hwoiei~iu #Cj)

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o ag hwoiei~iu ~g{ ugmhgoq goq{g ji``jagu i jaluujagu

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15/35

:7

5/5/;/ @gu ejugu j``jagu {gu~geqg qgisiqu elh~jeqgu

Lkug{rgh j{j g` ~gu {g`jqiw ag` qgisiqu ag ejugu j``jagu [2 {gu~geqg gù qgisiqu elh~jeqgu[:&[;&[5&[1/

G` ~òl` ;> hluq{j `jhj~ibiejei {guw`qjoq i elh `j

eloegoq{jei {g`jqirj gu~{lawgis go `lejìqtjeilou ag`j eluqj ag Mi{loj i g`Hj{guhg, ~g{ gu~geij`hgoqgo `j ~{ihg{j i ugmlojel{logu hgq{l~lìqjoj i, elhrgw{gh hu goajrjoq,

ugmwioq `gu q{jegu ag `j sj{sj ri{ij guq{weqw{j`/ krijhgoq, `gu eiwqjqu jhk hjdl{ ~guaghlm{bie i m{joa{ij `j {g`jei alhiojoq u `j iorg{uj, jhk ~{galhioi agù qgisiqu elh~jeqgu/

Rgigh zwg ci cj :32 hwoiei~iu zwg qgogo g` rj`l{ >, j~j{goqhgoq :=2 ajzwguqu ol qgogo ejuguj``jagu i gù j`q{gu :> qgogo w{kjoiqtjeilou ~g{ ol ci cj wo oweì elh~jeqg/ Go 1:5 hwoiei~iu`j uw~g{beig zwg lew~go `gu w{kjoiqtjeilou u iobg{il{ j `j ag` qgisiqu elh~jeqg/ Go ejori goelodwoq qgogo olhu g` :5,3' ag `j uw~g{beig ag ejugu j``jagu/ krijhgoq go jzwguq m{w~,zwg gu zwjui `j hgiqjq agù hwoiei~iu, ci q{lkgh `j hjdl{ij ag ~lk`jeilou m{jou gseg~qg j`mwoguelh Kjoyl`gu, ^wimeg{a, l [wk, Hlìou ag [gi, Kj{kg{ ag` Rj`ù, Ujoq Zwi{tg ag` Rj`ù,Eg{ajoyl`j ag` Rj`ù l Ujoq Dwuq Agurg{o go `{gj Hgq{l~lìqjoj i zwg gu q{lkgo go g` m{w~ugmgoq jhk woj {qil a: j ;, go gù zwg ci cj :>: ~lk`jeilou jhk wo qlqj` ag 5/23: cj/

Jhk qlq g` m{wis ag `gu uw~g{beigu ag ejugu j``jagu jhk :;/=2> cj #g` 1>') g` q{lkgh go g`m{w~ ag hwoiei~iu jhk woj {qil elh~{guj goq{g ; i :> rgmjagu hu ag qgisiqu aw{kjoiqtjeilouzwg ag qgisiqu elh~jeqgu/ Aguqjej go jzwguq m{w~ `j ~{guoeij ag hwoiei~iu ih~l{qjoqu elh[lugu, Ujoq Ewmjq ag` Rj`ù l Ql{qluj/ Jhk woj {qil agoq{g :> i ;> rgmjagu ci q{lkgh ;5~lk`jeilou jhk g` 9,7' agsqgoui ag ejugu j``jagu/ 5> hwoiei~iu gu q{lkgo go `j {qil agoq{g;> i 7> rgmjagu, aguqjejoq gù ejulu eùuieu ag El{kg{j ag @`lk{gmjq, Rj`ì{joj, Hjqjag~g{j,Kimwgu, Hjjogq ag `j Ug`rj l Ujoqj E{iuqioj aJ{l jhk lew~jeilou zwg rjo ag `gu 55= j `gu7>1 r ugmlou gù ejulu/

^g{ `qih qgoih wo aj{{g{ m{w~ bl{hjq ~g{ :: ~lk`jeilou go zwg `j {g`jei u uw~g{il{ j 7>rgmjagu/ Goej~j`go jzwguq {ozwiom, ~lk`jeilou elh Rjej{iuugu l Zwg{l` jhk 522 cj,ugmwiagu aLìrg``j i Dwoeluj ag` Hloqhg``/

Jzwguqgu ajagu gou jdwago j j~{geij{ zwiou uo gù hwoiei~iu zwg jhk woj ~{guoeij olqjk`gaw{kjoiqtjeilou, qgogo wo oweì elh~jeqg ag ~lej goqiqjq i go `gu zwg ug{ aibei` zwg g` oweìw{k ~wmwi dwmj{ wo ~j~g{ rg{qgk{jal{ {g``grjoq i jeqw ag {gbg{oeij riqj` ~gù {guiagoqu j `guw{kjoiqtjeilou/

[jqil o ag hwoiei~iu Uw~g{beig hwoiei~iu #Cj){gj [2 Ejugu

j``jagu #Cj)[:&;&5&1 il [2 8 > :32 22=/>>1 5:;

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16/35

:2

5/5/5/ G` ~gu ag `gu ejugu jm{w~jagu {gu~geqg gù qgisiqu elh~jeqgu

@j uw~g{beig lew~jaj ~g{ `gu ejugu jm{w~jagu u eg{qjhgoq hl`q iobg{il{ j` ag `gu ejuguj``jagu ~g{ ol cgh alkìaj{ zwgqgogo woj agouiqjq hl`q uw~g{il{ izwg alogo jisl~`we j wo olhk{g

ih~l{qjoq ag ~lk`jei/J` bi` ajzwguqj ajaj, gù qgisiqu agejugu jaluujagu ol{hj`hgoqelouqiqwqu ~g{ ejugu ag elu ag7,7(2 hgq{gu ajh~`jaj, ag ~`joqjkjisj i woj l awgu ~`joqgu, i gojìogjei ag rij` l jhk wo

{gq{jozwgim bl{j woibl{hg, ~{gugoqgo wogu agouiqjqu gzwirj`goqu j hl`qu agù qgisiqu ag ejuejoqie l oweì w{k ag hl`qgu ag `gu ~lk`jeilou ag Ejqj`woyj jhk `gu ugrgu elouq{weeilou

eùuizwgu goq{g hiqmg{gu i jìogjagu j ej{{g{u

Ulrioq gu ~j{`j agù qgisiqu ag kjisj agouiqjq i uioe`lw go wo hjqgis ~jzwgq `gu ejugu jm{w~jagul jaluujagu i `gu j``jagu, e{ge zwg guqgh eloblogoq gù qg{hgu, ~g{zw go hjq{ij agagouiqjqu `gu ejugu jaluujagu i gù oweìu joqieu go hl`qu ejulu qgogo agouiqjqu uihi`j{u l biou iqlq uw~g{il{ go `gu qi~l`lmigu go bi`g{j zwg go gù oweìu/

J`q{j zguqi u `gu ihjqmgu guqjoaj{aiqtjagu i {g~gqiqirgu zwg `j hjdl{j ajzwguqgu ~{lhleiloulbg{gisgo i gù q{gqu bl{hjù zwg elh~j{qgisgo i zwg B{joegue Hwlt cj ~l~w`j{iqtjq elhw{kjojìqtjeilou/

J{j k go qg{hgu ag agouiqjq elouiag{l zwg go {iml{ olhu ~lagh ~j{`j{ ag `gu w{kjoiqtjeilouag ejugu j``jagu elh qgisiqu ag kjisj agouiqjq/

G` ~òl` ;: hluq{j `j hj~ibiejei agù hwoiei~iu ~g{ ioqg{rjù lo uj~{geij zwg g` ~gu agùqgisiqu ag ejugu jm{w~jagu u {g`jqirjhgoq ~gqiq go elh~j{jei jhk `gu uw~g{beigu ag` qgisiqelh~jeqg jhk j`mwogu gseg~eilou elh j{j Uwki{jqu #Ujoq ^jw ag `L{aj` i j`q{gu oweìu) zwguw~luj hu ag 3 rgmjagu `j uw~g{beig ag` oweì, l g` eju ag` K{we agoq{g 1 i 2 rgmjagu/ G`m{w~ ag = hwoiei~iu go zwg g` ~gu ag `gu jaluujagu u goq{g ; i 1 rgmjagu guq goej~j`jq ~g{[luug``, Ejàgu ag Hj`jrg``j i Rj``{lhjogu jhk hu ag :> cj ag u` lew~jq ~g{ jaluujagu/G` m{w~ ag := hwoiei~iu go gù zwg lew~go goq{g : i ; rgmjagu hu ag u` `goej~j`j UjoqZwi{tg ag` Rj`ù jhk 1 cj, ugmwiq ag Hjqjag~g{j jhk :,2 cj , Kimwgu, `Jhgq``j ag` Rj`ùjhk :,; cj6 Uj{{i ag Qg{ jhk :,5 cj i Ujoq @`l{go aCl{qlou jhk :,; cj/

Go 113 hwoiei~iu g` ~gu ag `gu jaluujagu u iobg{il{ zwg g` ag `gu qi~l`lmigu elh~jeqgu, goej{jzwg aguqjzwgo gù ejulu ag Ujkjag`` jhk :1;, [gwu jhk 7>, g` Rgoa{g`` jhk 13 cj, Ag`qgk{gjhk 7=6 J`qjbw``j jhk 5>6 Q{{gmj ;56 Ql{qluj jhk ;96 Mi{loj jhk ;96 Gu~j{{gmwg{j ;96 Hlii Ejuqg``j{ ag` Rj`ù ;16 Ejàgu ag Hloqkwi jhk ;>6 ^jù jhk :9 i Ql{g`` jhk :7 cj/

E{gigh zwg ~luuik`ghgoq ci cj j`mwoj elobwui go `j iagoqibiejei agù qgisiqu, go gu~geij` gùejulu ag Ujkjag``, [gwu, g` Rgoa{g`` i Ag`qgk{g, go zwg ucj juuihi`jq elodwoqu ag ejugu goq{ghiqmg{gu ag ej{eqg{ uwkw{k go qgisiq joqie elh j ejugu jm{w~jagu l jaluujagu zwg ug{ij woeju aibg{goq/

[jqil o ag hwoiei~iu Uw~g{beig hwoiei~iu #Cj) {gj [7[:&;&5&1 il [7 8 > 1=; :/25=/>21 :1> j : 113 :/7:;/777 :/91>: j ; := 5>/5== :79; j 1 = ;>/57> 7:1 j 2 : 1/=7> 32 j 3 > > >? 3 : 7/7=3 ;1

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5/5/1/ Ejugu j``jagu [2 & Ejugu Jm{w~jagu [7 {gu~geqg agù qgisiquelh~jeqgu

^g{ eloe`lw{g jzwguq j~j{qjq rgigh `j {g`jei gsiuqgoq goq{g g` uwhjql{i ag ejugu j``jagu [2 &ejugu jaluujagu [7 {gu~geqg agù qgisiqu elh~jeqgu [:&[;&[5&[1/

G` ~òl` ;: gou hluq{j jzwg`ù hwoiei~iu go gù zwg `j {g`jei u hu jeegoqwjaj ~g{ agolqj{`j bgk`guj agù oweìu w{kjou q{jaieilojù go b{loq agù qgisiqu olwu ag ejugu j``jagu/ J` ug{ `j

uw~g{beig lew~jaj ~g{ `gu ejugu jaluujagu hu ~gqiq zwg `gu j``jagu, `gu aibg{oeigum{bizwgu goq{g gù ~òlù 5 i g` 7 uo ioj~{geijk`gu, ``grjq aj`mwou ejulu ag `J`q Gh~l{a l `jEluqj K{jrj/

[jqil o ag hwoiei~iu Uw~g{beig hwoiei~iu #Cj) {gj [7 & [2 {gj [7 {gj [2[:&;&5&1 il [7&2 8 > :=; 2>7/:1> 5;2 :1 5:;> j : 1>2 :/7;3/9:2 7/;75 922 1/;3=: j ; ::1 5;2/717 5/311 552 5/7>3; j :> :33 75=/3>7 :5/237 2=7 :5/>:>:> j ;> ;1 =>/23= 5/:59 => 5/>29;> j 7> 5: 92/:75 2/>;; :5> 7/39;? 7> :: 17/15> :/25> 2 :/2;1

912 5/;:>/2=7 55/393 ;/:92 5:/=>5

Ci cj wo ~{ihg{ m{w~ ag hwoiei~iu ag {qil > agù zwg :2> ol qgogo ejugu j``jagu oi jaluujagui :> ol qgogo oweì/ Go 1>2 ~lk`jeilou g` ~gu ag` qgisiq elh~jeqg uw~g{j g` ag `gu ejugu j``jagui jaluujagu/ Guqjo go jzwguq m{w~ `j hjdl{ij agù ~lk`gu i eiwqjqu hu ~lk`jagu i go elodwoqolhu qgogo g` :2,7' ag qlq g` u` lew~jq ~g{ w{kjoiqtjeilou/

Go gù 523 {guqjoqu `j uiqwjei u j ìo{gru, jhk woj uw~g{beig lew~jaj ~g{ w{kjoiqtjeilouzwg {g~{gugoqj g` 35,7' ag` qlqj`, `j m{jo hjdl{ij ulk{g ~lk`jeilou ag ~le ~gu i m{joa{ij, jhk`gu gseg~eilou ag Ujoq Ewmjq, Ql{qluj, Qg{{juuj/ G` zwg aoj ``le go `j {guqj j qg{{iql{iu ~leowe`gjqu /

Aguqjzwgo `gu :: ~lk`jeilou jhk woj{qil uw~g{il{ j 7> i zwg gu el{{gu~lo

j hwoiei~iu jhk oweìu hl`q ~gqiqu i~lej ej~jeiqjq rg{qgk{jal{j, 1 ag`ùjhk woj uw~g{beig lew~jaj uw~g{il{j `gu ;7> cj hgoq{g zwg go `j {guqjqgogo lew~jeilou hu {gawagu/

Ci cj 5: hwoiei~iu jhk woj {qilelh~{guj goq{g ;> j 7> rgmjagu, jhkEl{kg{j j` ej~ajrjoq jhk 7>1 cjugmwiaj ag Rj`ì{joj, El{kg{j ag@`lk{gmjq, Hjqjag~g{j, Kimwgu i

Hjjogq/

Ag` m{w~ ugmgoq, jhk ;1 ~lk`jeilou jhk woj {qil goq{g :> j ;>, aguqjzwgo îg{j, @ìj

aJhwoq i Kgmw{ jhk hu ag 5>> cj/@j {qil jhk rj`l{u elh~{gulu goq{g ; i :> rgmjagu jkjuqj :33 hwoiei~iu i qgogo wogu

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uw~g{beigu ag ejugu j``jagu i jaluujagu zwg {g~{gugoqgo g` 1>' ag` qlqj` zwjìbiejq/ @gu :3~{ihg{gu ~lk`jeilou qgogo 7/19> Cj zwg uw~lugo g` :2' ag qlq g` zwjìbiejq, goej~j`jq ~g{Ujoq Ewmjq ag` Rj`ù i @`l{gq ag Hj{ jhk hu ag 7>> cj6 Ql{qluj 1:2 cj6 Ej`jbg``, Ej`lomg,Hloq({lim ag` Ejh~ hu ag 5>> cj, ^`jqdj aJ{l, [lugu, Ag`qgk{g hu ag ;7>6 Ql{ag{jEjuqg``j{ ag` Rj`ù, Ewoiq, `Guej`j, Ejàgu ag Hloqkwi, `Jhgq``j ag Hj{, Ejuqg`` aGh~{igu,Alu{iwu i Ria{g{gu jhk hu ag ;>> cj/

G` m{w~ ag ::1 ~lk`jeilou jhk {qil ag : j ; rgmjagu ag u` lew~jq guq goej~j`jq ~g`

Rgoa{g`` jhk 573 cj6 ^j`jb{wmg`` i Ejhk{iù jhk hu ag ;>> cj6 Eg{ajoyl`j i [wk hu ag :3>cj i Ql{{lg``j, Ql{{gaghkj{{j i Jèjoj{ jhk hu ag :>> cj/ Gù ugmwgisgo îogaj, Ujoq Hj{ijag ^j`jwql{ag{j, Kjoyl`gu, Ewkg``gu, Ej{agagw i `j Mj{{imj jhk hu ag 3>/

5/5/7/ G` ~gu ag` qgisiqu agaiejqu j `gu jeqiriqjqu

G` elodwoq ag uù zwjìbiejqu ~g{ jjeqiriqjqu gelohizwgu lew~go gog` elodwoq ag` HWE woj uw~g{beigag :7/1:> cj/ Elh~{go `gu q{gu

ejqgml{igu ajeqiriqjqu, J: ag qi~wuioawuq{ijù, `gu J; ag qi~wu Qg{eij{i ij`q{gu i `gu jm{w~jagu go J5 zwgioe`lw Hjmjqtghu i lmuqiej/

Gù wulu aguqiojqu j qlqgu `gu jeqiriqjqu ~{laweqirgu #ioawuq{ijù, ug{rgiu i `lmuqizwgu) lew~gowoj uw~g{beig ag :7/1:> cj go qlqj`, zwg uw~lugo olhu g` 17' ag `gu uw~g{beigu zwg lew~go`gu w{kjoiqtjeilou/ u wo ioaiejal{ ag` ~gu {g`jqiw ag `gu lew~jeilou ag u` ~g{ `gu ejuguj``jagu zwg aguqjej gsq{jl{aio{ijhgoq ag` elodwoq/

5/5/2/ G` elodwoq ag `gu airg{ugu qi~l`lmigu ag uù zwjìbiejqu

Ui elh~j{gh g` elodwoq agùuù zwjìbiejqu go g` HWE,ugmlou wulu ~lagh lkug{rj{zwg lew~go go qlqj` =:/125 cjag `gu zwg g` ;:,2' guqjoaguqiojagu j jeqiriqjqugelohizwgu, ioawuq{ij i j`q{gujeqiriqjqu6 zwg g` 5:' `lew~go

uù {guiagoeijù ag `j eiwqjq elh~jeqj hgoq{g zwg g` 1=,7' ag` qlqj` lew~jq gu aguqioj j ejuguj``jagu i jaluujagu jhk wo ~gu hl`q olqjk`g ag `gu j``jagu zwg {g~{gugoqgo g` 11'/

Cgh lkrijq ag` eh~wq joqg{il{ `gu 5/3=; cj zwjìbiejagu zwg g` HWE jaue{iw j wulu Hisqgu ~g{

`j ugrj cgqg{lmgogqjq i zwg jm{w~j `gu q{gu ejqgml{igu ugmgoqu4 @j H: jhk :/39> cj zwgelh~{o kuiejhgoq `gu tlogu ag q{joubl{hjei i j`mwogu ag eloug{rjei ag` qgisiq gsiuqgoq izwg, ag bgq, ~la{igo bl{hj{ ~j{q ag `j eiwqjq elh~jeqj/ G` m{w~ ag H; jhk :/735 cj i zwgelh~{o tlogu ag rg{a ~{irjq i j`q{gu tlogu ag ~{lqgeei ~g{ j`mwo qi~wu aioqg{u #j{zwgl`miel aj`q{gu)/ G` qg{eg{ m{w~, ag 599 cj, g` H5 jolhgojq Hisq Hisq i zwg {gew`` qlq j`` aibei`hgoqejqj`lmjk`g/

Qjohjqgis goqgogh zwg ol j`qg{j uwkuqjoeij`hgoq oi gù {guw`qjqu oi `gu ihjqmgu joqg{il{u/

Gu j ai{ zwjui `j hgiqjq ag u` zwjìbiejq gu aguqioj j `j kjisj agouiqjq i `j m{jo hjdl{ij jejugu j``jagu/ u ~g{ jis zwg e{gigh zwg g` ~`jogdjhgoq i `l{agojei mgog{j` ol ~lq agisj{ugoug q{jeqj{ woj ~j{q qjoq ih~l{qjoq ag` qg{{iql{i hj`m{jq `gu aibiew`qjqu krigu zwg ~{gugoqj/

UL@U ZWJ@IBIEJQU A-JEQIRIQJQU GELOLHIZWGUE`jw Qi~wu Uw~ CjJ: Jeqiriqjq ioawuq{ij` :5/9=:J; Qg{eij{i i j`q{gu :/5=>

J5 Hjmjqtghu i `lmiuqiej 23qlqj` :7/1:>

Zwjìbiejei jm{w~jaj ' J{gj CjJeqiriqjq ioawuq{ij` ;:,2' :7/1:>Eiwqjq elh~jeqg 5:,>' ;;/:71Ejugu jaluujagu 5,:' ;/:92Ejugu J``jagu 11,1' 5:/=>5

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Gu aiuqiomgisgo zwjq{g hlqirjeilou zwg bjo goqgogal{ g` ~{leu ag bl{hjei i `grl`wei ag `guw{kjoiqtjeilou/

j) Jelougmwi{ wo cjkiqjqmg ag ugmloj {guiaoeij ~g{ jù ej~u ag ugqhjoj aguqiojqu jù{guiagoqu j Ejqj`woyj/

k) G` agugorl`w~jhgoq qw{uqie go mgog{j` ~g{ j bl{joiu i ~g{ j rjejoegu

e) G` aguim awoj ~j{q ag `j ~lk`jei ag aiu~luj{ go ~{l~igqjq awo cjkiqjqmg woibjhiìj{

jhk dj{a go eloqjeqg jhk `j ojqw{j/a) G` ejori ag hlag` {guiagoeij` ag ~{lsihiqjq jù oweìu ~g` hlag` aiu~g{u jhk woj bl{qj

hlkiìqjq juuleijaj/

Go wo ioiei, j ~{ihg{u ag` ugm`g SS, dj rjo j~j{isg{ `gu ~{ihg{gu w{kjoiqtjeilou juuleijagu j`gsiuqoeij ag` bg{{lej{{i`, go uo gsgh~`g `gu ^`jogu i `j B`l{guqj, juugoqjhgoqu jhk rlejeialbg{i{ `jeeu j woj ejuj i `cl{qgq j eg{qgu e`juugu hiqmgu ioei~igoqu/

G` e{gisghgoq gelohie, g` kllh qw{uqie i j ~l~w`j{iqtjei ag` rgcie`g ~{irjq rjo ~luj{ j `jkjuqawo olhk{g ih~l{qjoq ag `j ~lk`jei `j ~luuikiìqjq ajazwi{i{ wo j~j{qjhgoq l woj ~j{eg``j ~g{elouq{wi{(ug woj ejuj, go ~{ioei~i au guqjeiloj` i ej~u ag ugqhjoj/

u e`j{ zwg jzwguqgu ei{ewhuqoeigu ioieijù cjo grl`weilojq jhk g` joyu, i zwg hl`qgu{guiaoeigu ugewoa{igu cjo guagriomwq `cjkiqjqmg cjkiqwj`, dj uimwi go wo goql{o hgq{l~lìq l

qw{uqie, i zwg ~g{ qjoq `gu elugu uo hu kj{{gdjagu i elh~`gsgu/@jeqwj` `j e{iui ~g{hgq jrgoqw{j{ wo ejori ag qgoaoeigu agmwq j4

j) wo jwmhgoq eloqiowjq agù ~{gwu agù ej{kw{joqu i agù eluqlu ag agu~`jjhgoq/

k) `j aiuhiowei agù {gew{ulu ag `gu bjhìgu ~g{ j bg{ b{loq j `gu agu~gugu ~g{ hjoqgoi{ `jejuj ioairiawj` il `j ugmloj {guiaoeij/

e) `grl`wei ag `gu aiohizwgu qw{uqizwgu i ag {guiaoeij agù dwki`jqu gw{l~gwu/

a) `grl`wei ag` hg{ejq ag `cjkiqjqmg go wo guegoj{i ag {gm{guui aghlm{biej/

@j e{iui, goej{j hl`q ~{gugoq i ugoug woj ul{qiaj e`j{j, hj{ej{ go kloj ~j{q g` agrgoi{ajzwguqu qgisiqu w{kjou zwg go j`mwou ejulu ~la{ij ~juuj{ ~g{ `j ~{awj ag rj`l{ ~jq{ihloij` i`j mwgqcl{iqtjei/

1/:/1/ @j ej{jeqg{iqtjei mglm{biej

u j~{geijk`g g` ~gu ag `j elow{kjei ag `{gj hgq{l~lìqjoj ag Kj{eg`loj zwg guqo `j ugrjiob`woeij agu ag Hjqj{, Ujoq Eg`loi, `j Mj{{imj, Ejuqg``j{, Hjqjag~g{j, Hj{ql{g``, `L{aj`,Ri`jb{joej i g` Rgoa{g``, ugmwioq wo j{e ag 5>(1>Fh/

J` ol{a ag Hjqj{ gu aguqjzwgo `gu ih~`joqjeilou hjuuirgu aw{kjoiqtjeilou jhk ejuguj``jagu j` ``j{m ag qlqj `j eluqj ag{irjagu ag` qw{iuhg, agu ag @`jo j Kj{eg`loj/ jhk wojuw~g{~luiei jhk ù ag ~{ihg{j {guiaoeij hgq{l~lìqjoj go qlqj `j b{jodj ag` Hj{guhg/Jzwguqj awjìqjq gu eloqiowj hjoibguqjoq go `j ~j{q uwa ag `j ej~iqj` j qlq g` ` `j{m ag `j eluqj6Uiqmgu, Ri`jolrj i `j Mg`q{ biou j` Rgoa{g``, lbg{gisgo jzwguqj awjìqjq/

Hu j` ol{a i j` ``j{m ag `j Eluqj K{jrj ci cj wogu jm{w~jeilou ih~l{qjoqu aw{kjoiqtjeilou zwggu uiqwgo jù rl`qjoqu ag `gu ~{ioei~jù ~lk`jeilou qw{uqizwgu j `gu zwg gu rioew`go/ Jislkug{rgh g` m{w~ bl{hjq agu ag K`jogu j @`l{gq ag Hj{, zwg uguqo rg{u ìoqg{il{ biou jRia{g{gu/ J` ol{a g` elodwoq ^j`jhu, Ujoq Bgìw ag Mwslù, ^`jqdj aJ{l, Ej`lomg j `j òij ageluqj i lew~joq ~j{q ag `j Rj`` ag Ujoq E{iuqioj rg{u ìoqg{il{/ Hu j` ol{a ^j`jb{wmg``, i aje biou`j b{loqg{j j~j{gisgo airg{ulu hkiqu, go mgog{j` ~le gsqgoulu, ugmlou gù gu~jiu zwg `jk{w~qjql~lm{jbij elobimw{j, qj` u g` eju ag Kgmw{, ^jù, Ql{{lg``j, `Guej`j, Ejuqg`` aGh~{igu([lugu i @`jo(^l{q ag `j Ug`rj i gù uwgu goql{ou, qlqu g`ù ug~j{jqu ~g{ aiueloqiowqjqu j ejwujag `j bl{qj ql~lm{jbij i jhk ~lej eloogsi awou jhk gù j`q{gu/

J` uwa, ugmwioq `j eluqj jkjou aj{{ikj{ j Qj{{jmloj, ci cj olhk{lugu zwjìbiejeilou zwg qgogowo ~gu ih~l{qjoq elh j ugmloj {guiaoeij zwg rjo agu ag` Rgoa{g`` j Ewoiq, Ql{{gaghkj{{j lJ`qjbw``j i hluq{go g` eloqiow hlujie aw{kjoiqtjeilou j` ``j{m ag `j eluqj go``jjagu ~g{ `j O(


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@j tloj ag Qj{{jmloj jhk [gwu i, go hgol{ hguw{j, Rj`ù guqjk`gis wo hkiq go g` zwguguqjk`gisgo {g`jeilou ag eji{g hgq{l~lìq qlq i zwg g` aihgouilojq ag` elodwoq ag ~lk`jei i ag`gu jeqiriqjqu zwg elh~qj uimwio awoj guej`j hgol{/ @j tloj ag` Ejq``j{ i g` Mji gh~j{goolhk{lugu w{kjoiqtjeilou q{ikwq{igu ag `j ej~iqj` ~{lrioeij` jis qjoq elh `gu agù rl`qjoqu

aJ`hluqg{, J`bl{dj l Hju ^wdl` cl uo ag [gwu ~g{ `j O(1;> i `j E(:1/ J` hjqgis qgh~u j Rj`ùulk{g `j O(;1> i `j E(:1 uj{qiew`j woj aiu~l{j aw{kjoiqtjeilou/

J` uwa ag `j eiwqjq ugmwioq `j eluqj ci cjo gù juugoqjhgoqu ag Uj`lw, Ri`jugej jhk g` ^j{e ag^l{q Jrgoqw{j elh j {gbg{goq {ge{gjqiw(ihhlkiìj{i

Hu j` uwa aguqjzwgo, j ~j{qi{ ag Uj`lw i mji{gk biou g` ag`qj ag` Gk{g, awgu jm{w~jeilouìogjù aw{kjoiqtjei j` ``j{m ag `j eluqj goq{g `gu guq{ikjeilou ag `j ug{{j`jaj i `j ògj ag hj{ugmwioq `j O(51> zwg jeqwj agis rg{qgk{jal{/ Goej{j zwg ejaj ~gj ~{gugoqj aibg{goq ~gu igoqiqjq, j elougzoeij ag `gu aiueloqiowqjqu zwg lkìmj `j mglm{jbij, qlqgu g``gu ~j{qiei~goawoj mogui uihi`j{ juuleijaj j` qw{iuhg i j `jeeguuikiìqjq zwg lbg{gisgo `J^(= i `j O(51> elhgis guq{weqw{j`/ G` ~{ihg{ m{w~ gu el{{gu~lo jhk `j b{jodj elh~{guj goq{g Ejhk{iù, Hloq({limag` Ejh~ i `Clu~iqj`gq ag Ìobjoq, hl`q iob`wq ~g{ `jeqiriqjq qw{uqiej/ G` ugmlo rj ag `Jhgq``j agHj{ j `Jh~l``j, lew~joq ~j{q ag `j b{jodj hu guq{gqj i qlejoq j hj{ j` rl`qjoq ag `gu ej`gu/

Ugoug lkìaj{ gù bgohgou ag ~j{eg``jeilou {uqgmwgu ag eji{g i``gmj` go uù olw{kjoiqtjk`gu/

J{{ikjoq j` Ag`qj uj~{geigo awgu jm{w~jeilou, woj j` goql{o ag Ql{qluj jhk w{kjoiqtjeiloujhk l{imgo go ~j{eg``jeilou ag biozwgu jm{el`gu ~g{ g` ej~ ag ugqhjoj zwg cjo ag{irjq go~{ihg{j {guiaoeij, i `j ugmloj goq{g Ujoq Ej{`gu ag `j [~iqj i `gu Ejugu aJèjoj{ jhkrlejei qw{uqiej/

J hu ajzwguqj b{jodj ~{l~g{j j `j eluqj, uj~{geigo m{w~u ajuugoqjhgoqu zwg jhk g` qgh~ucjo jazwi{iq eg{qgu eloolqjeilou hgq{l~lìqjogu aguej`j {gawaj, elh j{j gù goql{ou ag`{gj ag Hjo{guj, Rie, Mi{loj i ioeù Kjoyl`gu, @`giaj, Bimwg{gu, Qj{{jmloj, [gwu i Rj`ù lQl{qluj/ u jis zwg ~lagh guqjkì{ hkiqu mglm{bieu aiob`woeij j ~j{qi{ agù zwg ~la{gh~lqug{ bl{hw`j{ ~{l~luqgu ajeqwjei/

Go `{gj hgq{l~lìqjoj ag Kj{eg`loj g` {jai j elouiag{j{ cj ag ug{ uw~g{il{ i cgh jal~qjq g` ag5> i 1> Fh elh j aiuqoeigu ~{wagoqu ~g{ j ug{ jkl{ajk`gu go agu~`jjhgoqu aij{iu/

@gu ajagu zwg lkug{rgh go ìoqg{o ag `j elow{kjei kj{eg`loioj gu {gb`gsgo go g` zwja{gjadwoq/ go g` zwg uioaizwgo gù hwoiei~iu ioe`lulu i `gu uw~g{beigu zwjìbiejagu elh ejuguj``jagu, jaluujagu i g` ~gu {g`jqiw {gu~geqg j` elodwoq ag Ejqj`woyj i j `j eiwqjq elh~jeqj/

{gj hgq{l~lìqjoj ag Kj{eg`loj

Aiuqoeij Jeqiriqjqu#J:&J;&J5)

Eiwqjqelh~jeqj

EjuguJm{w~jagu

' ag`qlqj`

EjuguJ``jagu

' ag`qlqj`

5> Fh 2/53:,2 cj =/79=,1 cj 755, cj ;1' 3/513 cj ;2'

1> Fh 2/9=1,= cj 3/7;3,: cj =1>,9 cj 51' :;/3=9,= cj 1:'@gu ajagu joqg{il{u i g` ~òl` :7, jhk `j ag uiqwjei ag `gu w{kjoiqtjeilou, hluq{go jhkgol{hg eloqwoaoeij `j {g``groeij zwg g` bgq hgq{l~lìq cj qiomwq go `j ~{lhlei iagugorl`w~jhgoq agù e{gisghgoqu go kjisj agouiqjq/ Jzwguqj ioqg{ag~goaoeij ag` qg{{iql{i{gu~geqg `j hgq{~lì ol gou ~lq bg{ lkìaj{ zwg go g` ugw ioqg{o ol qlqgu `gu uiqwjeilou uoclhlmoigu/ Uihw`qoijhgoq j `gbgeqg jkjou ague{iq, gu ~{lawgisgo wogu j`q{gu ~l`j{iqjqu jhkgbgeqgu hgq{l~lìqjou {gbg{iagu j `gu ~lk`jeilou ciuq{izwgu hu m{jou #Ujkjag``, Qg{{juuj,M{jol``g{u, Hjqj{, Ri`jolrj l Ri`jb{joej), ag hjog{j uihi`j{u j `gu zwg mgog{j Kj{eg`loj/

Aiou g` {jai ag 1> fh, jhk egoq{g Kj{eg`loj, lkug{rgh zwg ag` qlqj` ag Ejqj`woyj ci guqjoioe`lugu g` 4

s 17' ag `gu uw~g{beigu lew~jagu ~g{ `gu jeqiriqjqu gelohizwgu i ioawuq{ijù

s 53' agù uù lew~jqu ~g{ `j eiwqjq elh~jeqg


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s 51' agù lew~jqu ~g{ `gu ejugu jm{w~jagu

s 1:' ag `gu uw~g{beigu ag ejugu j``jagu, ag Ejqj`woyj guqjo go `j [gmi Hgq{l~lìqjojag Kj{eg`loj

J`q{gu goql{ou jhk bwoeilojhgoq uihi`j{ jù hgq{l~lìqjou

G` ~òl` :1 gou hluq{j m{biejhgoq `gu w{kjoiqtjeilou zwg zwgago ioe`lugu ui q{jegh wou {jaiuagu ajzwguqgu ej~iqjù/ Cgh bisjq aiuqoeigu ag :> i :7 Fh elh j hsih i rgigh zwg `j hjdl{

~j{q ag `gu w{kjoiqtjeilou ag `goql{o zwgago ioe`lugu go `hkiq i zwg guqjo {g`jeilojagu jhkg` oweì ~g{ `j sj{sj ag rigu kuizwgu/

Jis, u ~luuik`g j~{geij{ elh j `goql{o ag Hjqj{, M{jol``g{u, Ujkjag``, Qg{{juuj, Ri`jb{joejag` ^gogau l Ri`jolrj i `j Mg`q{ hl`qgu ag `gu w{kjoiqtjeilou zwg `gu gorl`qgo qgogocjkiqjqmgu j`cl{j go {mih ag ~{ihg{j {guiaoeij lew~jagu ~g{ mgoq ~{lriogoq qjoq ag `j eiwqjq~{sihj elh ag `j ej~iqj` l aj`q{gu ~lk`jeilou/ J` hjqgis qgh~u ~g{aw{j `j wqiìqtjei awoj ~j{qag` ~j{e acjkiqjqmgu elh j ugmloj {guiaoeij/

@j qgoaoeij ag` hg{ejq agù cjkiqjqmgu gù aj{{g{u joyu cj hlaibiejq `j ugrj ~{lhlei ioieij` icj bgq zwg hl`qgu ugmlogu {guiaoeigu cjmio agriomwq gù alhieiìu cjkiqwjù/ Ag hjog{j zwgj{j qgoih woj ~lk`jei {guiagoq ag bl{hj guqjk`g hl`q uw~g{il{ j `j zwg ci cjrij/ Jzwguq bgq cjhlaibiejq uwkuqjoeij`hgoq `gu {g`jeilou agù ugwu wuwj{iu jhk `goql{o, i zwg gu eloe{gqj gowoj aghjoaj aw{kjoiqtjei i ag ug{rgiu ejaj rgmjaj hu ih~g{iluj i woj ~{guui uleij`

olqjk`g ulk{g gù mlrg{ojoqu hwoiei~jù i ulk{g gù {gu~loujk`gu ag `gu ~{guqjeilou ag ug{rgiu/

1/:/7/ Gù qgisiqu {guiagoeijù ag kjisj agouiqjq i ù qw{uqie

@j iob`woeij ag `jeqiriqjq qw{uqiej go `j~j{iei i ~{lìbg{jei ag `gu w{kjoiqtjeilou cj guqjqolqjk`g elh gu ~lq j~{geij{ go g` ~òl` ::, zwg {gj`j jzwg`ù hkiqu zwg gu q{lkgo j wojaiuqoeij ag :> fh ag `j ògj ag eluqj/ Dj ujkgh zwg go j`mwogu uiqwjeilou, elh uo `goql{oag [lugu, Ej`lomg, Ujoqj E{iuqioj aJ{l, @`l{gq i K`jogu l `{gj ag `j Ug`rj ioqg{il{, `jq{jeqiwag ul` i ~`jqdj ucj guqu hu go`` ajzwguqj aiuqoeij, ~g{ goqgogh zwg gou ~g{hgq lkqgoi{

~g{ j `j hjdl{ij ag` qg{{iql{i wojihjqmg gs~{guuirj

Agù hwoiei~iu zwg guqjo j `jeluqj, :13 qgogo w{kjoiqtjeilou go`j b{jodj ihhgaijqj jù :> fh ag `jòij ag hj{/ @gu uw~g{beigulew~jagu ~g{ `gu ejugu j``jaguu ag :;/=27 cj i uw~luj g` 1>'ag` qlqj` iagoqibiejq j Ejqj`woyj/

@gu ejugu jaluujagu lew~go =1=Cj go `gu :;: ~lk`jeilou eluqg{gu

zwg go qgogo i qlq i zwg uw~luj wo ~g{egoqjqmg iobg{il{ zwg g` ag `gu j``jagu, uimoibiej zwg g`51' ag` qlqj` ag ejugu jm{w~jagu guqjo go `j b{jodj ag eluqj/

G` qw{iuhg ughk`j zwg u woj ag `gu jeqiriqjqu gelohizwgu zwg ~{lkjk`ghgoq hjoqioa{`jeqiriqjq gelohiej gù ~{l~g{u joyu l, ui hu ol, ughk`j `j hu ~{lkjk`g/

E{gigh zwg ol gu jrgoqw{jq guqihj{ zwg, go wo bwqw{, hl`qgu ajzwguqgu ~g{aw{j{jo go qjoq zwg{guiaoeij ugewoa{ij ag m{w~u uleijù jelhlajqu, l ~g` ~ju j ~{ihg{j {guiaoeij ~g{ jbl{joiu l dwki`jqu gw{l~gwu, Jzwguq bgq gù elobg{gis woj gs~geqjqirj ~g{ j mgog{j{ iom{guuluzwg j`q{gu qg{{iql{iu ol ~luuggisgo/ Jzwguqgu {goaikiìqjqu gelohizwgu gsqg{ogu ~lago ug{uwbieigoqu ~g{ j ~lag{ bg{ b{loq j `gu agu~gugu e{gisgoqu zwg jzwguqu qgisiqu gsimi{jo logeguuiqj{jo i zwg {jlojk`ghgoq ucjw{jo ajb{loqj{/

W[KJOIQTJEILOU 0 J :>FH AG @J @IOGJ AG ELUQJZwjìbiejei ' J{gj CjEjugu J``jagu 1>' :;/=22Ejugu jaluujagu 51' =1=QLQJ@ 1>' :5/7:5

Qlqj` Ejugu J``jagu 5:/=>5Qlqj` Ejugu Jaluujagu ;/:92qlqj` 55/393


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1/:/2/ Gù qgisiqu {guiagoeijù aiu~g{ulu i `j {g`jei jhk `j sj{sjri{ij

@grl`wei ag` hg{ejq `jkl{j` cj hlaibiejq `j qgoaoeij ioieij` ag kwuej{ `j {guiaoeij j ~{l~ ag```le ag q{gkj``/

Gù ejoriu gs~g{ihgoqjqu go g` hg{ejq ag `cjkiqjqmg go g` ~g{lag ag klojoj gelohiejjoqg{il{, jhk g` ~ju j ~{ihg{j {guiaoeij ag hl`qgu elouq{weeilou go w{kjoiqtjeilou, jhk `jbgk{g ~{lhlql{j i elh~{jal{j ag olrgu ~{ihg{gu {guiaoeigu ulk{g qgisiqu ag ejugu j``jagu ijm{w~jagu, zwg ejaj rgmjaj guqjrgo hu j``woyjagu ag `gu eiwqjqu i ag` ``le ag q{gkj``, cjmgog{jq elougmgoqhgoq i agoq{g j`q{gu, woj j`qj hlkiìqjq lkìmjaj jhk ih~l{qjoquagu~`jjhgoqu j ìoqg{il{ ag `{gj hgq{l~lìqjoj zwg mgog{j wou j`qu eluqlu jhkigoqjù,gelohieu i uleijù/

Gù ~òlù :; i :5 hluq{go i {g`jeilogo `j uiqwjei agù uù zwjìbiejqu elh {guiagoeij` agejugu jm{w~jagu i j``jagu {gu~geqg `j sj{sj ri{ij/ @j ~luiei ag `j hjdl{ij gu uiqwj ug~j{jaguag `gu rigu ag `gu zwg ag~gogo goej{j zwg jhk woj eg{qj ~{lsihiqjq/ Ucjo m{jbijq `guuw~g{beigu zwg zwgago ioe`lugu go gù hkiqu go rg{hg`` i jhk el`l{ hu j~jmjq `j {guqj/

Ug~j{jei j j sj{sj ri{ijJm{w~jagu i j` jagu j 0 7fh Jwql~iuqj {gj go Cj ' ag` qlqj ' gu~gebieQlqj` Ejqj`woyj 55/393[7 j hgoyu ag 7 fh a-Jwql~iuqj l Jwqlrij :/151 1' 27'[2 j hgoyu ag 7 fh a-Jwql~iuqj l Jwqlrij ;>/5>1 2>' 21'

;:/=53 21'

Jm{w~jagu i j` jagu j 0 ;fh sj{sj kuiej {gj go Cj ' ag` qlqj` ' gu~gebieQlqj` Ejqj`woyj 55/393[7 j hgoyu ag ; fh ag `j sj{sj kuiej :/3=1 2' 37'[2 j hgoyu ag ; fh ag j sj{sj kuiej ;;/2=5 2=' =;'

;1/713 =;'

J` hj~j :; ucjo q{jjq òigu gzwiaiuqjoqu j woj aiuqoeij iobg{il{ j 7 Fh j ejaj `jqg{j` ag `gu

rigu ~{ioei~jù, jwql~iuqj i jwqlrigu/ G` ~òl` :5 hj{ej qlqgu jzwg``gu uw~g{beigu zwjìbiejaguzwg zwgago j woj aiuqoeij iobg{il{ j ; Fh ag `gu rigu guq{weqw{jù ag `j sj{sj kuiej/

Gù {guw`qjqu gs~{guugo j m{jo {g``groeij zwg q jeeguuikiìqjq go j bl{hjei i ~g{uiuqoeij ag`~{leu w{kjoiqtjal{/

Ci cj wo ~g{egoqjqmg g`grjq, qjoq elh g` 21', ag `j uw~g{beig ag `gu w{kjoiqtjeilou zwg guuiqwj j woj aiuqoeij hgol{ agù 7 Fh/ ag `gu jwql~iuqgu i jwqlrigu, i `j ag `gu ejugu jm{w~jaguuiqwjagu j woj aiuqoeij uihi`j{ {gu~geqg g` qlqj` ag ejugu, u ag` 27'/ Go elodwoq uimoibiej zwgg` 21' ag qlqgu `gu uw~g{beigu ag` qgisiq aiu~g{u guq uiqwjq j 0 ag 7 fh ag `gu rigu {~iagu/

Ui jojìqtgh g` zwg uweeggis {gu~geqg `j aiuqoeij j `j sj{sj kuiej elouqiqwaj ~g{ `gu rigu~{ioei~jù lkug{rgh zwg g` =;' ag `j uw~g{beig ag` qgisiq aiu~g{u gu q{lkj j hgoyu ag ; fh ag`j sj{sj/ I ui agujm{gmwgh gù {guw`qjqu ~g{ qi~wu, lkqgoih zwg g` 37' ag `j uw~g{beig ag `gu

ejugu jm{w~jagu i g` =;' ag `gu j``jagu elh~`gisgo jzwguqj eloaiei ag ~{lsihiqjq/Jzwguq bgq griaoeij g` ~j~g{ e`jw zwg dwmj `j sj{sj ri{ij kuiej go `guq{weqw{jei i eloogsiqg{{iql{ij`, ~g{ go gu~geij` {gu~geqg g` bwoeilojhgoq i ag~goaoeij agù qgisiqu aiu~g{ulu j `gurigu zwg bl{hgo j sj{sj/

G` ~òl` :> {gb`geqgis `j sj{sj ri{ij guq{weqw{j` i kuiej jhk g` elodwoq uw~g{beigu lew~jagu~gù oweìu, `gu ejugu jm{w~jagu l j``jagu i gù ~l`mlou ajeqiriqjq gelohiej/ ^gough zwg `jiagoqibiejei awou hkiqu l wogu tlogu zwg {gew``go `j hlkiìqjq lkìmjaj agù m{w~u zwg guqjoj` ugw ioqg{o, ~la{igo jdwaj{ j guqjkì{ hgejoiuhgu ~g{ j `j bl{hw`jei ag ~{l~luqgu ajeqwjei/Ju~geqg zwg ioqgoqj{gh agugorl`w~j{ hu goajrjoq/

Wo ju~geqg j agkjq{g ug{ij `j rijkiìqjq ag ~g{uiuqoeij go wo bwqw{ ajzwg``gu tlogu zwg olbl{hgo ~j{q awoj {gj hgq{l~lìqjoj, zwg ol guqjo go `j b{jodj qw{uqiej i zwg gu q{lkgo{gqi{jagu hu ag ; fh ag `j sj{sj kuiej/ u griagoq zwg `j ugrj rijkiìqjq ug{ hgu aibiew`qluj/


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1/:/=/ Gù qgisiqu {guiagoeijù aiu~g{ulu i `j {g`jei jhk gù uiuqghguojqw{jù

^lqug{ `ju~geqg hu ioolrjal{ ~g` zwg bj j `j ~{gug{rjei ag `goql{o u g` ag q{jeqj{ `j hjq{iwqg{{iql{ij` ag hjog{j jaigoq/ u ioolrjal{ ~g{zw {girioaiej `j ej~jeiqjq ajeqwj{ go ugoqiq~luiqiw ulk{g `goql{o hu go`` agù gu~jiu ~{lqgmiqu/ Jis uimoibiej ioeiai{ ulk{g gù oluq{gu

~`jou i jeeilou ulk{g g` qg{{iql{i qlq ~{grgigoq i ~{lew{joq g` hi``l{ goejis gel`mie ihgaijhkigoqj`, go kgogbiei qjoq ag `j hi``l{ zwjìqjq ag `goql{o elh ~g{ elougmgoq go `jzwjìqjq ag riaj/ Jelougmwi{ agugorl`w~j{ woj elhkiojq{ij ~luuik`g ajzwguqu alu ju~geqgucj ag eloq{ikwi{ ag hjog{j hl`q {g``grjoq j `j hi``l{j `lej` i m`lkj` ag zwjùgrl` eloqgsqqg{{iql{ij`, gu~geij`hgoq gù hl`q joq{l~iqtjqu/

Gbgeqirjhgoq, go g` aj{{g{ agegooi cgh ~lmwq riw{g `j hjqg{ijìqtjei ag ^`jou qg{{iql{ijù~j{eijù/ Go g`ù ucjo ~lujq `gu kjugu ~g{ j woj olrj elh~{goui ag` zwg biou j{j cghjolhgojq ag hjog{j uih~ìuqj u` ol w{kjoiqtjk`g/ u ~{geiujhgoq go jzwguqu gu~jiu, loeloriwgo go `j elh~`gsiqjq ol ~lzwgu {gjìqjqu, rl`woqjqu i ju~i{jeilou/ Jzwguqj eloriroeij jrl`qgu u hu b{mi` j rl`qgu hu ioqgouj, j rl`qgu hu aibei` i elh~`gsj/ ^g{ qjoq, ~g{ qj` agioqg{~{gqj{ hi``l{ gù gu~jiu lkg{qu, `gu ugrgu ~lqgoeijìqjqu i `gu ugrgu ìhiqjeilou, aw{joqjzwguqu joyu ucjo agugorl`w~jq i gh~{jq olwu eloeg~qgu kjujqu go `gel`lmij qg{{iql{ij`j~ìejaj elh uo gù ag `j eiwqjq elh geluiuqghj, `j elh~luiei i gù ~{leguulu gel`mieu, `jelh~`gsiqjq, `j guqjkiìqjq i `j ~g{ql{kjei agù uiuqghgu, `j eloogeqiriqjq gel`miej, g` q{jeqjhgoqjhkigoqj` ag `j hjq{iw qg{{iql{ij`, l `j ~gqdjaj gel`miej goq{g aj`q{gu/

B{wiq ag `j ioel{~l{jei ajzwguqu eloeg~qgu cgh guqjq ej~jlu ag elouiag{j{ aibg{goqu oirg`ù,aibg{goqu ioqgouiqjqu, go `j agbioiei agù aibg{goqu qg{{iql{iu zwg elh~lugo gù gu~jiu lkg{qu/Jrwi gù goqgogh qlqu elh j ih~l{qjoqu, qlq i zwg `j elouiag{jei guq{jqmiej ag ejajuewo uimwigo kloj `miej aibg{goq/ Jis bj zwg g` hlag` ugmwiq go `j ~`joibiejei qg{{iql{ij` uimwi wo hlagìoqgm{j`6 u j ai{ wo hlag` go zwg qlq `gu~ji lkg{q hg{gis jqgoei, Qlq i jis, ci cj gu~jiu zwg ~gùgw guqjq gel`mie {ie i elh~`gs, l, kgo j` eloq{j{i, ~g{ `j ugrj r`wj go qjoq zwg rwòg{jk`g, bjozwg ~{gomwio woj {g``groeij gu~geij`/ Go jzwguqu ugoqiq ~lqug{ u {g``grjoq elouiag{j{ jzwg`ùgu~jiu ag hjdl{ zwjìqjq gel`mie jhkigoqj` elh uo gù gu~jiu agu~geij` ioqg{u ojqw{j` #GIO,^GIO, Sj{sj Ojqw{j ;>>>, gqe)/

Qjhk, jzwg`ù zwg ojuugmw{go `j elorgoigoq eloogsi gel`miej, zwg bj zwg ujuugmw{i `jbwoeilojìqjq ag` hlrihgoq, woj zwjìqjq kil`miej guugoeij` zwg qgogo qlqu gù l{mjoiuhgu ag`~`jogqj, i zwg ugoug `j zwj` aibei`hgoq ~la{gh ~g{riw{g/ Gbgeqirjhgoq, `j eloogeqiriqjqgel`miej, bgìhgoq ioel{~l{jaj go g` agugorl`w~jhgoq agù gu~jiu lkg{qu ag `j ~`joibiejeiqg{{iql{ij` ag Ejqj`woyj, u ugmw{jhgoq g` ~ju goajrjoq hu ih~l{qjoq bgq go gù ju~geqgu ag~{gug{rjei io uiqw ag `j airg{uiqjq kil`miej agù aj{{g{u agegooiu, I ej` jaloj{(ug zwg `j ugrjih~`ghgoqjei uimoibiej wo ejori uwkuqjoeij` go `guq{weqw{j hu kuiej ag` qg{{iql{i agu ag bjugm`gu/

Elh j elougzoeij, `j hjq{iw qg{{iql{ij`, gù gu~jiu kilairg{ulu, gù gu~jiu aioqg{u ojqw{j`,uo g` uw~l{q ag `w{kjoiuhg i `gu ~gegu blojhgoqjù ag `guq{weqw{j qg{{iql{ij`/ @j ugrj~g{uiuqoeij go g` qgh~u bj ogeguuj{i ~{lqgmi{(`lu/ I ej` ~{lqgmi{(`lu gu~geij`hgoq ag `jeqiriqjqcwhjoj, Ol ~g{zw jzwguqj uimwi ioq{ougejhgoq hjìeiluj uio ~g{ `j`qj ej~jeiqjqq{joubl{hjal{j #~g{ql{kjal{j go qg{hgu gel`mieu) zwg q/ @jwmhgoq ag `j ~lk`jei i ulk{gqlq

`jwmhgoq ag `j ej~jeiqjq qgeol`miej elh~l{qj woj hjdl{ ej~jeiqjq aioqg{jeei cwhjouojqw{j zwg ulrioq ui ol ~loag{jaj elorgoigoqhgoq elh~l{qj jbgeqjeilou, j rl`qgu ugrg{gu, agùrj`l{u ojqw{jù, j`mwou ag`ù aj`qj ugouikiìqjq l b{jmiìqjq/ Go {guwh, `jeei ag `clhg jhk `j~g{ql{kjei ag` hgai ojqw{j` ~luj go e{iui l aibiew`qjq `j ugrj eloqiowqjq/ Ajzw `gu ~l`qizwgu~{lqgeeiloiuqgu zwg `j `gmiu`jei jeqwj` ~{lhlw/

J{j k, g` qg{{iql{i cj guqjq ulqhu j ~{guuilou i j`qg{jeilou agu ag ugh~{g, i goej{j hu go gùaj{{g{u zwj{joqj joyu zwjo `gu ugouikiìqjqu ~g` hgai jhkigoq g{go ~{eqiejhgoq iogsiuqgoqu laguelogmwagu/ G` ~`jogdjhgoq jhkigoqj` i w{kjouqie cj ioel{~l{jq hl`qgu jeeilou ~g{ j~{gug{rj{(`l, ~g{ j` hjqgis qgh~u cj `gmjìqtjq hl`qgu uiqwjeilou zwg g{go eloq{{igu leloq{jaieq{igu jhk g` hjoqgoihgoq ag` hgai ojqw{j`/


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Go uiqwjei ag ioe`wui l eloqjeqg jhk Gu~jiu ~{lqgmiqu ^GIO, GIO i Sj{sj Ojqw{j ;>>>

Qi~wu Hwoiei~iu jhk ejugu go gu~jiu ~{lqgmiqu Uw~g{beig go cj '

Ejugu j``jagu :;7 #g` :2,;7' zwg qgogo w{kjoiqtjeilou :/;13,=7 1'

Ejugu jm{w~jagu ;; # g` 1,7' agù zwg og qgogo) 53,;= :,=

@j ~{guoeij ag olhk{lugu w{kjoiqtjeilou dwoq l aiou ahkiqu zwg {gzwg{gisgo ug{ ~{gug{rjqu,agolqj jzwguqj eloq{jaieei blojhgoqj` i j`cl{j aikwisj wo ~jol{jhj ~le goeiujal{/ G` ~òl`:7 aikwisj jzwg``gu uiqwjeilou go zwg ci cj w{kjoiqtjeilou ag ejugu j``jagu uiqwjagu go gù`hiqu l aiou agu~jiu ~{lqgmiqu l j ~{gug{rj{ #kuiejhgoq gu~jiu ag` ^GIO, GIO i ag `j Sj{sjOjqw{j ;>>>) zwg gs~{guuj zwiou ajzwg`ù qg{{iql{iu ~{gugoqgo wo {iue ag ~g{ql{kjei ih~l{qjoqgoqgogoq zwg qlqu jzwg`ù gu~jiu uiqwjqu go woj b{jodj biou j : fh agù uù zwjìbiejqu uouwueg~qik`gu ajbjrl{i{ `j ~g{ql{kjei/

Qjhk ucj ioeù go g` ~òl` gù gu~jiu eloogeql{u kilairg{ulu ~g{zw go elodwoq bl{hgo `jhj``j bwoeiloj` agù gu~jiu ojqw{jù/

Qi~wu Hwoiei~iu jhk ejugu go gu~jiu ojqw{jù~{lqgmiqu i eloogeql{u

Uw~g{beig go cj '

Ejugu j``jagu 59> #g` 1:,;' zwg qgogo w{kjoiqtjeilou 1/>93 :5'

Ejugu jm{w~jagu ::> # g` ::,2' agù zwg go qgogo) :1= 2,='

Go elodwoq ci cj 59> hwoiei~iu zwg qgogo ag ejugu j``jagu go w{kjoiqtjeilou ulk{g gu~jiu~{lqgmiqu l aioqg{u ojqw{j`, zwg lew~go 1/>93 cj zwg uw~luj g` :5' ag` qlqj` ag ejuguj``jagu go w{kjoiqtjeilou Ejqj`woyj/

Gu aguqjej zwg ::> hwoiei~iu qgogo ejugu jm{w~jagu lew~joq gu~jiu ojqw{jù aioqg{u i zwguw~luj g` 2,=' ag` qlqj` ag` ~ju jhk :1= cj/

krijhgoq `gu aibg{oeigu goq{g gù alu zwja{gu el{{gu~lo j `gu sib{gu uw~g{beig lew~jaj ~g{`gu ejugu j``jagu i jm{w~jagu zwg guqjo ulk{g gu~jiu eloogeql{u/

Jhk jzwguqgu ajagu gu ~lq elouqjqj{ elh gù oirg`ù aioqg{jeei goq{g w{kjoiqtjeilou i gu~jiuaioqg{u ojqw{j` uo ih~l{qjoqu, i go j`mwou ejulu hl`q {g``grjoqu j ejwuj ag `j `lejìqtjeiguq{jqmiej awogu {gu~geqg agù j`q{gu/ Uo ajagu zwg gou alogo iagj bl{j e`j{j ag `jhjmoiqwa ag `j ~{lk`ghqiej gsiuqgoq go g` qg{{iql{i ejqj`, i u elh~{lrj elh ol u ogmìmik`g/

^{geiujhgoq jzwguqu ~{ihg{u {guw`qjqu zwjoqiqjqiw bjo ~gouj{ zwg bl{j qi` ~lag{ jojìqtj{ goagqj`` hl`qgu ag `gu rj{ijk`gu {g`jeilojagu, biou i qlq elouiag{joq aibg{goqu ejqgml{igu goq{g gùgu~jiu ~{lqgmiqu, l go j`q{gu qi~l`lmigu agu~jiu kilairg{ulu ( jhk l ugoug ~{lqgeei ( ~g{ zwgqjhk qiomwio ioqg{u agu awoj ~g{u~geqirj gel`miej il jhkigoqj`/ Qjhk eloisg{ hi``l{ gòlhk{g ag ~g{ulogu ih~ìejagu ~lqgoeij`hgoq i gù ~luuik`gu gbgeqgu ajis go `j b{gzgoqjei,`j zwj` eluj ~la{ij guqihj{ oirg`ù ag q{j~iqmgim, ag {iue ag ~g{ql{kjei, gqe/

Ug{ij ioqg{guujoq i qi` j~{lbwoai{ go ju~geqgu hjqg{ijù i gog{mqieu rioew`jqu j `guw{kjoiqtjeilou/ Jis, bl{j kl eloisg{ `gu agu~gugu hjqg{ijù i gog{mqizwgu iorg{qiagu go `jelouq{weei ag `gu w{kjoiqtjeilou/ Qjhk gù eluqlu ag hjoqgoihgoq, `j gog{mij ogeguu{ij ~gùgw bwoeilojhgoq #ioeù g` uwkhioiuq{jhgoq, `j aw~ìeiqjq ag elouwh gog{mqie mgog{jq goq{g~{ihg{gu i ugmlogu {guiaoeigu, g` ogeguuj{i agu~`jjhgoq go rgcie`gu l j`q{gu hiqdjou, gqe)/Eloisg{ jzwguqu ju~geqgu ag `j {gjìqjq ag `gu w{kjoiqtjeilou qjhk gou jdwaj{ij j ~lag{mlrg{oj{ gù ~{leguulu i ~{goa{g ageiuilou jhk hjdl{ i hi``l{ elogisghgoq ag ejwuj, ~g{ qjoqageiuilou hi``l{u/

I go jzwguq ugoqiq j~woqj{ zwg, hgoq{g ol gu ~wmwi goq{j{ j eloisg{ i zwjoqibiej{ hi``l{ jzwguquju~geqgu, ug{ij ioqg{guujoq ~lag{ bg{(og woj jrj`wjei m`lkj`/ Jzwguqj gu ~la{ij bg{ j ~j{qi{ ag`j~ìejei ag` eloeg~qg ag ~gqdjaj gel`miej/ Qlq i zwg {guw`qj{ij woj j~{lsihjei gù ugwu{guw`qjqu ~la{igo lbg{i{ woj ughk`joj kgo uìaj ugoug cjrg{ ag bg{ woj m{jo gubl{ uluqiomwqaw{joq bl{j qgh~u/


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1/:/3/ Gù qgisiqu {guiagoeijù aiu~g{ulu i `j {g`jei jhk `guuiqwjeilou ag {iue

J`mwogu w{kjoiqtjeilou ucjo agugorl`w~jq go qg{{goyu zwg, ~g{ ojqw{j`guj, qgogo j`mwo qi~wuag {iue/ Kuiejhgoq elouiag{j{gh alu {iuelu, g` aioegoai i g` aiowoajkiìqjq/

G` ~òl` :2 hluq{j jzwg`ù qgisiqu ag ejugu j``jagu i jm{w~jagu zwg ~{gugoqgo {iue l uiqwjeilouaiowoajkiìqjq #~g{lag ag {gql{o 7>> joyu)

[iue aiowoajkiìqjq

Qi~wu Hwoiei~iu jhk ejugu go qg{{goyu zwg~{gugoqgo wo eg{q {iue aiowoajkiìqjq

Uw~g{beig go cj '

Ejugu j``jagu :>9 # g` ::,7' agù hwoiei~iu) 197 cj :,7'

Ejugu jm{w~jagu :15 # g` 2,5' agù hwoiei~iu) :15 cj 2,7'

G` ~g{egoqjqmg ag ejugu j``jagu zwg lew~go qg{{goyu jhk {iue aiowoajkiìqjq u hl`q kjis elhg{j agu~g{j{ ~g{zw go mgog{j` lew~go tlogu ag ql~lm{jbij hu jeeiagoqjaj, tlogu kluelugui qg{{goyu ag kjisj {goaikiìqjq jm{el`j/

^g{ eloq{j g` ~g{egoqjqmg ag ejugu jm{w~jagu u uw~g{il{ go ~{l~l{ei ~g{zw lew~go gu~jiuhu ~{l~g{u j `gu tlogu w{kjogu go hjdl{ ~{lsihiqjq jù ew{ulu ca{ieu

G` ~òl` := {gew`` `gu w{kjoiqtjeilou ag ejugu j``jagu i jm{w~jagu zwg ~{gugoqgo woj hjdl{gs~luiei j` {iue aioegoaiu #hlag{jq, j`q i hl`q j`q), ucjo gseù `gu ag kjis {iue/

[iue aioegoai

Qi~wu Hwoiei~iu jhk ejugu uiqwjagu go qg{{goyujhk wo eg{q {iue aioegoai

Uw~g{beig go cj '

Ejugu j``jagu 135 # g` 51' ag qlqu gù hwoiei~iu ) :>/=== cj 7:'

Ejugu jm{w~jagu :1= # g` 3,2' ag qlqu gù hwoiei~iu) :9> cj :7,7'

G` ~g{egoqjqmg ag ejugu j``jagu uiqwjagu go qg{{goyu zwg ~{gugoqgo wo {iue aioegoai goq{ghlag{jq, j`q i hl`q j`q u ag` 7:' elh g{j ~{griuik`g j` cjrg{ ~`joqgdjq ~j{eg``jeilouw{kjouqizwgu go qg{{goyu ~le {goaik`gu go qg{hgu ags~`lqjei gelohiej q{jaieiloj` i jhk worj`l{ ~jiujqmuqie j~{geijk`g

Lkrijhgoq `gu ejugu jm{w~jagu q{jaieilioj`hgoq ucjo ~luieilojq hu ~{l~g{gu jù oweìuw{kjou i ~g{ qjoq go qg{{goyu ag hgol{ {iue aioegoai/


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7/ G` q{jeqjhgoq ag `gu w{kjoiqtjeilou go g` ~`jogdjhgoquw~{jhwoiei~j`

Gù aj{{g{u ugq joyu ucj bgq wo gubl{ elouiag{jk`g ~g{ q{jhiqj{ i j~{lrj{ bimw{gu ag~`jogdjhgoq uw~{jhwoiei~jù zwg hj{zwgo `gu òigu zwg cjo ag ugmwi{ gù aibg{goqu ~`joumgog{jù al{agojei hwoiei~j`/ J qj` gbgeqg uo rimgoqu ~`jou qg{{iql{ijù ag ej{eqg{~`w{ielhj{ej` zwg, go elodwoq, jkjuqgo qlq g` qg{{iql{i ejqj`/ Ci cj j~{lrjqu j hu, olhk{lulu~`jou ai{geql{u w{kjouqieu zwg {gmw`go hkiqu hu {gawqu l ej{jeqg{uqieu/

Go wou i j`q{gu g` q{jeqjhgoq ag `gu w{kjoiqtjeilou cj guqjq jkl{ajq elh ag ~juujaj/ Gùih~jeqgu ~jiujqmuqieu i `gu {g~g{ewuuilou ulk{g g` qg{{iql{i zwg griagoeigo `gu ~j{eg``jeilouw{kjouqizwgu ~{lrlzwgo wo gbgeqg ol aguiqdjq i uo ioqg{~{gqjagu go e`jw ogmjqirj ~g` zwguw~luj ag aguq{weei ~jiujqmuqiej i aguguq{weqw{jei ag` qg{{iql{i/ Jzwguqj uiqwjei mgog{j wohj`guqj{ griagoq jù {gajeql{u j `cjrg{ ajeeg~qj{ `j ugrj {gjìqjq buiej i, ajrjoq `jih~luuikiìqjq ag {grg{qi{(`j, ioel{~l{j{(`gu j` bgq w{kjoiqtjq/ Qlq rg elh j elougzoeij ag zwggo g` ugw aij gu rjo `gmjìqtj{ `j m{jo hjdl{ij aw{kjoiqtjeilou, qlq i zwg hl`qgu ag``gu oljelh~ìgo `j `gmjìqjq l g{j aiuewqik`g zwg ujdwuqguuio j `gu eloaieilou `gmjù/ @j bl{qj ~{guuiagù ~{l~igqj{iu, gù jdwoqjhgoqu i `j hjoej ag rj`goqij go zwi qgoij `j {gu~loujkiìqjq ag`

elodwoq ag` qg{{iql{i, rj ~l{qj{ j woj `gmjìqtjei hl`q ioaiue{ihiojaj jhk hl`qgu agbieioeigu ihjoejoegu zwg goej{j jrwi ol ucj jelougmwiq guqjkiìqtj{ oi go ju~geqgu dw{aieu, oiw{kjouqieu oi ag ug{rgiu hj`m{jq `j ``gi aw{kjoiqtjeilou/

G` bgq u zwg j`` guqjo, zwg go gù aj{{g{u joyu ucjo gaibiejq i eloulìajq, hl`qgu ag bl{hjolqjk`g, zwg hl`qj mgoq i riw go ~{ihg{j {guiaoeij, zwg g` agugoejis i aiuql{ui qg{{iql{ij` uogriagoqu i olqjk`gu i zwg j hu `j ugrj grl`wei, j joyu riuqj, u ioeg{qj ~g{ j wo olhk{gih~l{qjoq aw{kjoiqtjeilou/

G` ~`jogdjhgoq w{kjouqie hwoiei~j` i qg{{iql{ij` `gu cj juuwhiq elh wo hj` iouw~g{jk`g zwg ucjag uw~l{qj{ i ~g{ j `gu zwg q ~lzwgu ul`weilou i j`qg{ojqirgu/

u jis zwg `j m{jo hjdl{ij ag ~`jou mgog{jù g` zwg cjo bgq i bjo u {geloisg{ `j {gjìqjq,agìhiqj{ ~l`mlou ajeqwjei ~g{zw gu mguqiloio `lkqgoei ag `gu eguuilou l ugsgewqio `gu

lk{gu ~goagoqu aw{kjoiqtjei i ~lej eluj hu, zwgajoq go hjou agù {gu~loujk`gu hwoiei~jù`j eluqluj bgioj agsgewqj{ i mguqiloj{ gù abieiqu/

Gù ~`jou qg{{iql{ijù i ai{geql{u w{kjouqieu uw~{jhwoiei~jù qlq i ~{guqj{(ci jqgoei gu rgwgo jhkhl`qgu ìhiqjeilou ~g{ j j~l{qj{ ~{l~luqgu hu go`` ag {gelhjoj{ l ih~luj{ hguw{gu ageloqgoei zwg ag`gmgo go g` ~`jogdjhgoq hwoiei~j`/

Elh j hluq{j aguqjej g` ~le gu~ji aguqiojq go gù ~`jou qg{{iql{ijù i ai{geql{u j q{jeqj{ ulk{g`gu w{kjoiqtjeilou/ Qlqu gù ~`jou {gelhjogo zwg ol gu mgog{io olrgu ~j{eg``jeilou i ~g{ `guw{kjoiqtjeilou dj gsiuqgoqu, `j hjdl{ij ag`ù j~woqgo j e`juuibiej{(`gu go q{gu j~j{qjqu4 `gu zwgguqjo go u` ol w{kjoiqtjk`g jhk `j {gelhjojei zwg ucjw{ij ag qgoai{ j `j ugrj gsqioei, `guzwg guqjo ~goagoqu ag elh~`gqj{ `j mguqi w{kjouqiej i gù ug{rgiu jhk {gelhjojeilou ~g{ `jugrj eloqgoei i elh~`gqj{ `gsgewei, i go `j {guqj l~g{jeilou ag hjoqgoihgoq/

Mgo{iejhgoq gu ~{l~lugo olhu j~ìej{ hguw{gu ag eloqgoei ugoug hjdl{u j~l{qjeilou/

krijhgoq, g` qghj ol u bei` i jis gs~ìej `j ~luiei ag` ~`jogdjhgoq uw~{jhwoiei~j` ag olgoq{j{(ci ai{geqjhgoq, j{j k, jzwguqj ~luqw{j ol uw~luj ej~ j`qg{ojqirj l ul`wei j` ~{lk`ghj,zwg j kgo ugmw{ grl`weiloj{ go wo ugoqiq l j`q{g go bwoei ag h`qi~`gu rj{ijk`gu, ~g{ ug{ijwoj `ùqihj zwg cl bgu ugoug aiu~luj{ awo hj{e {gmw`jal{ l ai{geql{ hu eloe{gq/

G` ^`j Qg{{iql{ij` Mgog{j` aibei`hgoq q ej~jeiqjq, agu ag `guej`j go zwg ~{ldgeqj, ~g{ ioeiai{ gojzwgqu hkiqu zwg ogeguuiqgo awo q{gkj`` j woj guej`j agqj``jaj hu jdwuqjaj j` qg{{iql{i zwggu q{jeqj, qjohjqgis e{gigh zwg ~lq j~woqj{ j`mwogu òigu ag q{gkj`` j agugorl`w~j{ go wobwqw{/


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2/ Eloe`wuilouG` q{gkj`` biou jzwi gs~lujq ~g{hgq gsq{gw{g j`mwogu eloe`wuilou zwg j~woqgh4

:/( @j uw~g{beigu ogqgu zwg lew~go gù qgisiqu w{kjou ugmlou g` HWE u ag =7/557cj zwgguqjo e`juuibiejagu ugmlou gù wulu i uw~lugo4

Qi~wu ag qgisiq ^g{egoqjqmg Uw~g{beig go cj

Jeqiriqjq ioawuq{ij` ;>,17' :7/1:>

Qgisiqu Hisqgu 7,:5' 5/3=;

[guiagoeij` Eiwqjq elh~jeqg ;9,1>' ;;/:71

[guiagoeij` Ejugu jm{w~jagu ;,9:' ;/:92

[guiagoeij` Ejugu J``jagu 1;,>3' 5:/=>5

qlqj` =7/557

Gu ~lq j~{geij{ elh gù qgisiqu {guiagoeijù ag ejugu j``jagu zwg elobl{hgo g` m{wis ag `guw{kjoiqtjeilou lew~go g` 1;' ag qlq g` u`/

;/( Gù qgisiqu zwg bl{hgo `woirg{u ag `j kjisj agouiqjq, u j ai{ `gu ejugu j``jagu i jm{w~jagu,lew~go zwjui `j hgiqjq ag` qlqj` lew~jq, ag hjog{j zwg ~lagh jbi{hj{ zwg Ejqj`woyj guq huj~{l~ awo hlag` alew~jei aiu~g{u zwg elh~jeqg/

5/( Gù qgisiqu w{kjou zwg uwuqgoqgo `gu jeqiriqjqu i ug{rgiu olhu {g~{gugoqgo g` ;>' ag` qlqj`/

1/( @j elow{kjei hgq{l~lìqjoj ag Kj{eg`loj jm{w~j kloj ~j{q agù uù zwjìbiejqu/ Uielouiag{gh g` qg{{iql{i elh~{u go wo {jai ag 5>

Documents

BARBA, Joan; (2012).Estudi dels teixits de baixa densitat i les urbanitzacions en el Pla territorial general de Catalunya