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INTRODUCCIONINTRODUCCION
PROTECCIONES PARA SISTEMAS PROTECCIONES PARA SISTEMAS DE DISTRIBUCIONDE DISTRIBUCION
CAP V
Parte 7
PROTECCIONESPROTECCIONES
PARA SISTEMAS DE DISTRIBUCION PARA SISTEMAS DE DISTRIBUCION
INTRODUCCION ASPECTOS GENERALES
RECLOSER ó RECONECTADOR FUSIBLES PARARRAYOS ó DESCARGADORES
INTRODUCCIÓNINTRODUCCIÓN OBJETIVOS BÁSICOS
- Prevenir o minimizar daños.
- Prevenir peligros al público.
- Mantener Continuidad de Servicio. REALIZACIÓN
- Dispositivos de protección.
- Prácticas de Mantenimiento.
- Plan de Desarrollo.
INTRODUCCIÓN (Cont.)INTRODUCCIÓN (Cont.) ESTADISTICA DE FALLAS- NATURALEZA
. Temporaria 75%
. Permanente 25%
- CAUSAS DE FALLAS
. Viento y árboles 45%
. Rayos 20%
. Equipos y cables 10%
. Misceláneos 25%
INTRODUCCIÓN (Cont.)INTRODUCCIÓN (Cont.) ESTADISTICA DE FALLAS (Cont.)
- LOCALIZACION. En el tramo de línea 75%. En el poste 25%
- TIPOS. Fase a Neutro 65%. Fase a Tierra 15%. Fase a Fase 10%. Trifásica 2%. Otros 8%
INTRODUCCIÓN (Cont.)INTRODUCCIÓN (Cont.)
MEJORAR LA CONFIABILIDAD DEL SISTEMA
- FILOSOFÍA DE PROTECCIÓN
. Uso de dispositivos de protección
. Localización de dispositivos
. Areas de protección
- FILOSOFÍA DE APLICACIÓN
. Duración de los Cortes de Energía.
. Frecuencia de los Cortes de Energía.
INTRODUCCIÓN (Cont.)INTRODUCCIÓN (Cont.) FILOSOFIA DE COORDINACION
- Fallas Permanentes.
Aislar solo el segmento mas pequeño, donde existe la falla.
- Fallas Temporarias.
Dar a todas las fallas una oportunidad a ser temporarias, asegurando una función de reconexión a cualquier falla que pueda ocurrir en el sistema
ASPECTOS GENERALESASPECTOS GENERALESRECLOSER ó RECONECTADORRECLOSER ó RECONECTADOR
DEFINICION (ANSI C.37.60)
Es un dispositivo autocontrolado utilizado para interrumpir automáticamente una corriente alterna, con función de recierre, basada en secuencias pre-determinadas por intervalos temporizados, seguidos por una apertura definitiva.
RECLOSER ó RECONECTADORRECLOSER ó RECONECTADOR
CARACTERISTICAS- No requieren de relés.
- Poseen su propia fuente de energía.
- Ofrecen temporización dual para despejar fallas transitorias y para facilitar la coordinación con otros dispositivos.
OPERACIONOPERACION El Recloser opera en cualquiera de los modo: monofásico o trifásico. La secuencia de maniobras indica la sucesión de maniobras que el
Recloser debe poder ejecutar, están diseñados para poder operar con uno de las siguientes secuencias de operación.
SELECCIÓNSELECCIÓN
INFORMACIÓN REQUERIDA.
- Tensión del Sistema (kVn y BIL).
- Máxima corriente de falla.
- Máxima corriente de carga.
- Mínima corriente de falla.
- Operación monofásica o trifásica.
SELECCIÓN(Cont.)SELECCIÓN(Cont.)
TIPOS DE MECANISMOS DE ACCIONAMIENTO
- Recloser Hidráulico.
- Recloser Electrónico.
Recloser HidráulicoRecloser Hidráulico TAMAÑO DE LA BOBINA DE DISPARO.
- Determina la corriente de carga máxima.
- Limita la capacidad de interrupción. NIVEL MÍNIMO DE DISPARO.
- 200% del tamaño de la bobina de disparo.
- Determina el alcance o la zona de protección. NIVEL DE CORRIENTE DE ENERGIZACIÓN
- Determina el tamaño de la bobina.
- 1.25x(Demanda Pico).
Recloser ElectrónicoRecloser Electrónico NO REQUIERE BOBINA DE DISPARO. NIVEL MÍNIMO DE DISPARO.
- Igual que el ajuste de disparo.
- Determina el alcance o la zona de protección.
NIVEL DE CORRIENTE DE ENERGIZACIÓN.
- Determina el nivel mínimo de disparo.
- 2.5x(Demanda pico)
RecloserRecloser
Description EVR1 EVR2 EVR3
Maximum system voltage (kV) 15kV 27kV 38kV
Frequency (Hz) 50/60Hz 50/60Hz 50/60Hz
Rated continuous current (A) 400/630A 400/630A 630/800A
Rated symmetrical interrupting (kA) 12.5kA 12.5kA 12.5/16kA
Asymmetrical making current (kApk) 32.5kApk 32.5kApk 32.5/41.6kApk
Impulse withstand voltage (kV.BIL) 110kVpk150kVpk
(125kVpk)170kVpk
Power frequency withstand (kV), Dry (1 min) 50kV 60kV 70kV
Power frequency withstand (kV), Wet (10 sec) 45kV 50kV 60kV
Mechanical operations (times) 10,000 10,000 10,000
Weight (kg) 160 170 210
GENERAL FEATURES…GENERAL FEATURES…GENERAL FEATURES…GENERAL FEATURES…
Ratings
GENERAL FEATURES…GENERAL FEATURES…GENERAL FEATURES…GENERAL FEATURES…
Type Test Certificate
RatingsIssue Remarks
Voltage Current Interrupting current
15kV 630A 12.5kAKEMA
Netherlands
27kV 630A 12.5kAKERI
KOREA
27kV 630A 12.5kAKEMA
Netherlands
38kV 630A 12.5kACESIITALY
38kV 800A 16kAKEMA
Netherlands
GENERAL FEATURES…GENERAL FEATURES…GENERAL FEATURES…GENERAL FEATURES…Construction
Dimension
A B C D
15kV 750 415 980 780
27kV 812 460 1100 780
38kV / 630A 841 475 1058 870
38kV / 800A 841 475 1078 870
▷ Pole mounted installation ▷ Two pole mounted installation
GENERAL FEATURESGENERAL FEATURESGENERAL FEATURESGENERAL FEATURES
Cabl e Cl eat s
Cont r ol Cabl e
1000 max.
Hanger Band
Cont r ol Cubi cl e
Ear t h Cabl e
600
Pol e Mount i ng Br acket
Installation
▷ Anti-corrosion stainless steel (304L)
▷ Surface treatment by Phosphatic scouring
▷ Fully Tig welded
▷ Tank filled with SF6 gas
▷ Primer and final Epoxy Paint
STRUCTURE…STRUCTURE…STRUCTURE…STRUCTURE…
Outer Tank
▷ Vacuum Interrupter
▷ High strength glass fiber insulation frame
▷ Arrangement relaxing electric field
▷ Simple driving structure
STRUCTURE…STRUCTURE…Interrupter assembly
▷ Low energy consumption Magnetic Actuator
▷ Single Moving Part using Magnet latch by the magnetic actuator mechanism
▷ High speed response
STRUCTURE…STRUCTURE…Magnetic actuator
STRUCTURE…STRUCTURE…The operating principle of Magnetic Actuator
STRUCTURE…STRUCTURE…Advantage of magnetic actuator
▷ Single moving part
▷ Magnetic Latch, simple mechanical parts involved
▷ Low power consumption(Low voltage distribution line power source)
▷ Dead line operation possible over 500 times operations without any external power source supply
▷ Without battery, it is possible to operate the recloser
with the external power source
▷ Maintenance Free as using single moving part
▷ Light weight and small size
▷ 10,000 times mechanical operations
▷ Epoxy Bushing
▷ EPDM or silicone rubber Housing
▷ Excellent tracking resistance
▷ Vandal proof
▷ Epoxy bushing with the voltage sensor of C.V.D
▷ Easy handling for carrying, moving, installation
STRUCTURE…STRUCTURE…Bushing
▷ Manual trip and lockout provision by a hot stick operation on the ground level in order to prevent to be operated by local / remote control during control circuit faults or line repair.
STRUCTURE…STRUCTURE…STRUCTURE…STRUCTURE…
Manual trip / Locking device
STRUCTURESTRUCTURESTRUCTURESTRUCTURE
▷ The indicator displays an interrupter’s open / close status and the operation counter is located at the bottom of main tank.
ON / OFF indicator and operation counter
ON/OFF Indicator
Operation Counter
Control electronic
EVRC2Apara Recloser
Control electronic
EVRC2Apara Recloser
Control cubicle for tropical applicationControl cubicle for tropical applicationControl cubicle for tropical applicationControl cubicle for tropical application
Main Feature & Description Features and advantages
1. Enclosure of all parts are made of stainless steel- Complete corrosion free in high-humidity
condition.- No additional periodic painting
2.Triple cover cabinet structure- No penetration of humidity and dust into relay box.- Deterrence of rapid temperature fluctuation- Able to check control cubicle under raining
condition -No damage on inner parts by vandalism
3. Digital relay box with Aluminum enclosure- Dust and moisture proof- Environmental protection
4. Powder coating of enclosure - Constant thickness by powder coating and
permanent durability
Control cubicle for tropical applicationControl cubicle for tropical applicationControl cubicle for tropical applicationControl cubicle for tropical application
Main Feature & Description Features and advantages1. Direct sunlight shield outside cover (Direct sunlight block) - Withstand the heating effect of direct solar
radiation without causing failure or mal operation
- Deterrence of rapid temperature fluctuation by a shadow from direct sunlight shield cover of main cubicle
- Protection of main cubicle and inner parts from external impact
- Capable of inspecting control cubicle under raining condition
2. Three position door lock - Maintain complete closing between door
and main cubicle
3. Air circulation vent - Prevention of moisture condensation in
control cubicle by air circulation through vent
4. Seamless door packing - Complete sealing between door and cubicle
1. Sunshine cover
2. Three position door lock
3. Air circulation vent4. Seamless door packing
Control cubicle for tropical applicationControl cubicle for tropical applicationControl cubicle for tropical applicationControl cubicle for tropical application
Main Feature & Description Features and advantages
1. Use of Heat insulation material inside of main cubicle
- Dew point is controlled by constraints of rapid temperature fluctuation for using adiabatic foam inside cubicle
2. Stainless steel screen - Vermin proof by meshed stainless
steel - Degree of protection IP54
3. Modem and User’s space
1. Adiabatic foam insulation
2. Stainless steel screen
3. Modem and user’s space
USER INTERFACE PANEL…USER INTERFACE PANEL…
SEQUENCE STATUS SECTION
VOLTAGE ELEMENTS SECTION
LOCAL CONTROL SECTION
OPERATION SECTION
MENU CONTROL SECTION
BATTERY TEST SECTION
FAULT INDICATION SECTION
SYSTEM DIAGNOSTIC SECTION
USER INTERFACE PANEL…USER INTERFACE PANEL…
VOLTAGE CONDITIONS
▷ 27 : Under voltage pickup ▷ 59 : Over voltage pickup ▷ 25 : Synchronism check ▷ 81 : Under frequency pickup
SYSTEM STATUS
▷ CONTROL RUN : System status shows normal ▷ SELF CHECK :System status shows warning
USER INTERFACE PANEL…USER INTERFACE PANEL…
SEQUENCE STATUS
▷ RESET : Sequence shows reset ▷ CYCLE : Sequence shows running ▷ LOCKOUT : Sequence shows lockout
USER INTERFACE PANEL…USER INTERFACE PANEL…
BATTERY
▷ AC SUPPLY : Status to supply the external AC power ▷ CHARGE : Status on charging the battery. ▷ DISCHARGE : Status on discharging the battery
[BATTERY TEST MODE]LOAD(V) : 24.48CHARGE(V): 27.39STATUS: GOOD
[BATTERY TEST MODE]LOAD(V) : 24.48CHARGE(V): 27.39STATUS: GOOD
▷ BATTERY LOAD TEST : To push the button for battery load test
USER INTERFACE PANEL…USER INTERFACE PANEL…
FAULT INDICATION ▷ A,B,C : Shows phase fault occurred ▷ G : Shows ground fault occurred ▷ SEF : Shows SEF fault occurred ▷ FI RESET : Reset fault indication / Lamp test
TRIP TYPE ▷ INST : Shows instantaneous trip
▷ DELAY : Shows delay trip ▷ HIGHCURRENT : Shows high-current trip
USER INTERFACE PANEL…USER INTERFACE PANEL…LOCAL CONTROL SECTION
PROTECTION ENABLED : ENABLE / DISABLE
GROUND ENABLED : ENABLE / DISABLE
SEF ENABLED : ENABLE / DISABLE
RECLOSE ENABLED : ENABLE / DISABLE
CONTROL LOCKED : Shows locked local key
REMOTE ENABLED : Shows remote operation is possible
ALTERNATE ENABLED : To use with alternate setting
(When Alternative is disabled, Primary setting is applied)
PROGRAM 1 : Use to optional function (Loop scheme, Etc.)
PROGRAM 2 : Use to optional function (Loop scheme, Etc.)
HOT LINE TAG : ENABLE / DISABLE
All indicators shows status of control functionThe indicators will be continuously ON when control function is enable, otherwise the indicators will be continuously OFF when control function is disable
USER INTERFACE PANEL…USER INTERFACE PANEL…
▷ OPENPress OPEN Push-Button, recloser is opened When the recloser is open, “open” indicator will be continuously ON
▷ CLOSEPress CLOSE Push-Button, recloser is closed.When the recloser is closed, “close” indicator will be continuously ONRecloser status indication is based on the recloser 52a contacts
OPERATION SECTION
USER INTERFACE PANELUSER INTERFACE PANEL
←▷ , →, ↑, ↓ : Arrow keys are used for moving between the menu window and changing the setting value
↑ ▷ (METER) : Up arrow key is used to move the meter menu, operable in menu starting mode
↓ ▷ (AWAKE) : Down arrow key is used for panel awaking from sleep mode
← ▷ (EVENT) : Left arrow key is used to move the event menu, operable in menu at starting mode
→ ▷ (SET) : Right arrow key is used to move the setting menu, operable in menu at starting mode
MENU CONTROL & DISPLAY SECTION
▷ FUN : To move the main menu when present mode is starting mode ESC : To cancel for data input mode or return current display to the previous ▷
level ENT : To select sub menu or data input▷
USER INTERFACE PANEL…USER INTERFACE PANEL…
SIDE PANEL OF RELAY
CN1 Current Input IA, IB, IC, IN, SEF
CN2 Voltage Input VA, VB, VC, VL
CN3 AC24V IN Relay Module AC Power Input
CN4 BATT’ IN Relay Module DC Power Input
CN5 POWER OUTPUT User-Available DC Voltage Source
CN6 CONTROL Recloser Open, Close
CN7 UPSOpen, Close Power
Monitoring & Control
CN8RECLOSER STATUS
Open, Close, Lock, Pressure
CN9 OUTPUTS
OUT1 ~ OUT5 (A Contacts)
OUT6 ~ OUT7 (B Contacts)
OUT8 (ALARM)
CN10 INPUTS IN01 ~ IN08
PORT2 SERIAL RS232CN1
CN2
CN3
CN4
CN5
CN6
CN7
CN8
CN9
CN10
PORT2
FIN DE LA PRIMERA PARTE