Capitulo 6

DE COMPRAS

VENEZUELA

SIMÓN BOLÍVAR (1783-1830)

Caudillo de la independencia hispanoamericana

(Caracas, Venezuela, 1783 - Santa Marta, Colombia, 1830). Nacido en una familia de

origen vasco de la hidalguía criolla venezolana, Simón Bolívar se formó leyendo a los

pensadores de la Ilustración (Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire, Montesquieu…) y viajando por

Europa. En París tomó contacto con las ideas de la Revolución y conoció personalmente a

Napoleón y Humboldt. Afiliado a la masonería e imbuido de las ideas liberales, ya en 1805

se juró en Roma que no descansaría hasta liberar a su país de la dominación española. Y,

aunque carecía de formación militar, Simón Bolívar llegó a convertirse en el principal

dirigente de la guerra por la independencia de las colonias hispanoamericanas; además,

suministró al movimiento una base ideológica mediante sus propios escritos y discursos.

PRETERIT TENSE OF REGULAR VERBS

►Spanish has two simple tenses to express the past: The preterit and the imperfect ( el pretérito y el imperfecto)

►The preterite is used to talk about actions or states completed in the past.

PRETERIT TENSE OF REGULAR VERBS

Comenzamos la clase a las diez. (We start the class at ten)

Terminé de comer y comenzamos a estudiar después.(I finished eating and we started studying right after)

The nosotros/as forms of the preterit of –ar and –ir verbs are the same as their present tense forms. Context will help you determine if a nosotros/as verb form is present or past.

PRETERIT TENSE OF REGULAR VERBS

►–Ar and –er verbs that have a stem change in the present tense do not have a stem change in the preterite.

PRETERIT TENSE OF REGULAR VERBS

buscar busqué

llegar llegué

Sacar ---} saqué

empezar empecé

Verbs that end in –car, –gar, and –zar have a spelling change in the yo form of the preterite. All the other forms are regular.

►Ver is regular in the preterite, but none of its forms has an accent. ver vi, viste, vio, vimos, visteis, vieron

►Creer, leer, and oír have spelling changes in the preterite.Creer creí, creíste, creyó, creímos, creísteis, creyeron

Leer leí, leíste, leyó, leímos, leísteis, leyeron

Oír oí, oíste, oyó, oímos, oísteis, oyeron

EXPRESSIONS TO USE WITH THE PRETERIT TO DENOTE PAST TIME

EXPRESSIONS TO USE WITH THE PRETERIT TO DENOTE PAST TIME

Anteayer empecé una dieta baja en calorías

El año pasado tu compraste un coche nuevo

PRETERIT OF IR AND SER

The preterite forms of ser (to be) and ir (to go) are irregular, so you will need to memorize them. None of these forms has an accent mark.

The verbs ir and ser have identical forms in the preterit.They are used often in speaking and writing, and the context will help you determine the meaning.

PRETERIT OF IR AND SER

Lina fue a ver una película.

La película fue muy interesante.

Lina went to see a film.

Fui a Barcelona el año pasado.

Fue un viaje maravilloso.

I went to Barcelona last year.

It was a wonderful trip.

Since the preterite forms of ser and ir are identical, the context clarifies which verb is being used.

INDIRECT OBJECT NOUNS AND PRONOUNS

An indirect object is

the noun or pronoun

that answers the

question to whom or

for whom an action

is done. In this

example, the

indirect object

answers this

question: ¿A quién

le prestó Roberto

cien pesos? To

whom did Roberto

loan 100 pesos?

INDIRECT OBJECT NOUNS AND PRONOUNS

INDIRECT OBJECT NOUNS AND PRONOUNS

Since le and les have multiple meanings, a + [noun] or a + [pronoun] are often used to clarify to whom the pronouns refer.

Unclear: Ella les vendió ropa.

Clear: Ella les vendió ropa a ellos.

She sold clothing (to them or to you all).

She sold clothing to them.

Indirect object pronouns usually precede the conjugated verb. In negative sentences, place the pronoun between no and the conjugated verb

Te compré un abrigo

No te compré nada

Indirect object pronouns tell to whom or for whom an action is done, in other words, who is affected by the action

INDIRECT OBJECT NOUNS AND PRONOUNS

Use the indirect object pronouns even when the indirect object noun is stated explicitly.

Yo le compré un bolso a Ana

To eliminate ambiguity, le and les are often used with the proposition a + pronoun

Nunca les aconsejo a a ellos mal.

When an infinitive or present participle is present, there are two options for indirect object pronoun placement: before the conjugated verb, or attached to the infinitive or present participle. When a pronoun is attached to a present participle, an accent mark is added to maintain the proper stress

?Vas a comprárle un regalo a Lía?¿Le vas a comprar un regalo a Lía?Are you going to buy a gift for Lía?

Estoy mostrándoles las fotos a ellos.Les estoy mostrando las fotos a ellos. ¿I’m showing them the photos

Indirect object nouns and pronouns

INDIRECT OBJECT NOUNS AND PRONOUNS

The irregular verbs dar (to give) and decir (to say; to tell) are often used with indirect object pronouns.

Dar is almost always used with indirect object prononun. Notice the difference in meaning between dar (to give) and regalar (to give as a gift).

Other verbs of tranmission (of things,ideas, words) that are generally used with idirect object pronouns include: decir, describir, escribir, explicar, mostrar, prestar, and vender.

INDIRECT OBJECT NOUNS AND PRONOUNS

Ella le da un beso a el

Isabel le regala un gato a Miguel

GUSTAR AND SIMILAR VERBS

Me gusta ese champú.

¿Te gustan los deportes?

That shampoo is pleasing to me.

Are sports pleasing to you?

I like that shampoo.

Do you like sports?

Me gusta(n) and

te gusta(n)

express the

concepts of I like

and you (fam.)

like. The literal

meaning of

gustar is to be

pleasing to

(someone).

GUSTAR AND SIMILAR VERBS

Me gustan esos zapatos

?Te gustó mi regalo?

The most

frecuently used

forms of gustar in

the present tense

are gusta and

gustan and for the

preterit gustó and

gustaron. If one

thing is liked use

gusta/gustó. If two

or more things are

liked, use

gustan/gustaron

LECCIÓN 6

FIN