Cerro de las Fuentes de Archivel fort

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Authors:Andrs M. Adroher, Enrique Alcorta, Geza Alfcild Andalusian Centre for IberianArchaeology (J. P Belln et alii),Xavier Aquilu, Javier Armendriz, JoaqunAurrecoechea, Cruces Blzquez Cerrato, Michael Blech, Francisco Brotns Yage,FanciscoBurillo, JosManuel Caamao Gesto,Jorge Camino, Covadonga CarreoGascn, Santiago Caretero Vaquero, Juan Jos Cepeda, Ins Daz Alvarez, MikeDobson, Rogelio Estrada, Carlos Fabio, Carmen Fernndez Ochoa, M. DoloresFernndez-Posse,Carlos Fernndez Rodrguez, Pilar Fernndez Uriel, AntonioFerreruela, Manuel Garca Alonso, M. Paz Garca-Bellido, Vctorino Garca Marcos,Carmen Garca Merino, J. Garca Sandoval, Eliseo Gil Zrtbrllaga.,Jean-Grard Gorges,Nobert Hanel, Emilio Iliarregui, Eduardo Kavanagh de Prado, Patrick Le Roux,Matin Luik, Esperanza Mart Hernndez, JosAntonio Mnguez, Gloria Mora,Fernando Morales Hernndez, Angel Morillo, Antonio J. Murcia Muoz, AlmudenaOrejas, Eduardo Peralta,CesreoP"rezGonulez, Fernando QuesadaSanz. Isabel Rodde Llanza, Antonio Rodrguez Colmenero, Germn Rodrguez,Mamn, DianaRodrguez Prez, M. Victoria Romero Carnicero, Mara Ruiz del Arbol, Joaqun Ruizde Arbulo, Noelia Sabugo, Jorge Snchez-Lafuente Prez, F. Javier Snchez-Palencia,Ins Sastre, M. Angeles Sevillano, Mikel Unzueta, Yolanda Vnieera

Tianslation revised by Joaqun Aurrecoechea

On the cover: Bronze commemorative coin of the btth of Caesaraugustacity withabbreviations of the legions M Macedonica, VI uictrix y X gemina (RPC 346) (courtcsyM. Gmez Barreiro)

Sponsored by: University ofLen (Spain) and European Union(Programme Culture 2000: "Frontiers of the Roman Empire")

Copyright: A. Morillo, J. Aurrecoecheaand the authors 2006;I f - i - . , . ; n . ^F T . .

The roman army in Hispania : an archaeologicalguide / ngel Morillo & JoaqunAurrecoecheaeds.) -- [Len] : University ofLen, 2006492 p. : r l . 21 cm.Bib l iogr . : .383-446ISBN 84-9773-284-7l. Espaa-Artigedades romanas. 2. Roma-Historia militar. 3. Espaa-Historia-02l8 a.J.C.-0414 (Perodo omano). 4. Inscripcionesatinas-Espaa.. Moillo Cerdn, Angel 196+-II. Aurrecoechea Fernndez,Joaqun. III. Universidad de Len355.48(37)904:355.35r(37)94(460)"-o2r8l414003.344.07r(460)Depsitoegrl:S I.044-2006


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have covereda surface of uo to 10 ha. in the 3rd century BC. This iswhereHasdrubalBarca,ur,i ., pr.rrtrre by the Roman "r-y ,nd waitingfor support by the Carthaginian armies of Mago and Hasdrubal Gisco,decided to lead his troops to Cerro de lasAlbahacas(Fig. 16).Scipiot Roman camp, which must have been south of theCarthaginian camp, has not been ocated yet.Baeculawas a most important stopover in the north to south roadnetwork of the eastern part of the province. The route which survivedinto the Roman era, on the Antonine Itinerar linked up with thestretch of via Augusta which led to Castulo from Mentesa Oretana, inVillanueuade la Fuente.It was probably in Castellar,where the Iberiansanctuaryof Altos del Sotillo w"s locatd, that the road led southeastatthe foot of Loma de beda, leaving on its side Iznatoraf and reachingMogn, in the administrative district ofVillacarrillo, where the oppidumof Castellones de Mogn lies. The oppidum of Turruiuelos can bereached from here, further along the royal path which runs southwardsalong the river, berween the forests of Sierra de Cazorla and the thenfores"tof Loma de b.d". Once in Baecula, the route leads furthersouthwards to Tugia, in Peal de Becerro, from where it goes in thedirection of the river Guadiana Menor for Carthago Noua. Baecula andits territory, as s confirmed by the frequent referencesduring the SecondPunic \Var, was a strategic area or access o the Valley of Guadalquivirboth from the south and from the north.

Researclunit "ProyectoBacula",Andalusian Centre or lberian Archaeologyl

Cnno DE LASFurNtns DE ARCHIVELFoRTLocation: Cerro de las Fuentes de Archivel , Caravaca de la Cruz,Murcia. SoainRoman nme:?Type of settlement:roman fort?Situated within the municipality of Caravacade la Cruz, in the NE ofthe Murcia province, in SE Spain, the Late Republican period castellumof the Cerro de las Fuentesde Archivel, overlooks he open valley of theupper and middle reachesof the Argos and Qupar rivers, beneath thepresentday towns of Caravacaand Cehegn.The areaconsistsof a wide

1 The members of the research unit of Proyecto Bacula (Research Programmefunded by the Universiry of Jan) are Belln, J. P Gmez, F. Gutirrez, L. Rueda, C.Ruiz. A. Snchez.A. Molinos. M. Via, L. Garca, M. A. and Lozano G.234


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Fig. 17. Cerro de las Fuentes(Archivel). Location and planof the structures (F. Brotons& A.J. Murcia).

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The fort may have been abandoned during the final momenrs of the civilwar betrveen ulius Caesarand the sons of Pompey the Great. This conflictundoubtedly had its repercussion n the Argos-Qupar valle where theexistence of other recendy identified castellasuggest a considerablepresenceof military troops and the involvement of the local inhabitants.FranciscoBrotns Yage,Antonio J. Murcia Muiioz (yJ. Garca Sandoual

Cnno DELTRrco FoRTLocation: Cerro del tigo, Puebla de Don Fabrique, Granada,Andalucia, SpainRoman name:?Type of settlement: roman fort?Built over a rocky elevation, t visually conrrols ts surrounding 300 km2.It presentsa rectangular loo with 5360m2, ollowing the east-westine,adapting slightly to the terrain. The walls do nor have exrerior rowers,except the one located at the west end, which seems o have an entrydoor to the town. The rest are along the wall, like the one located n thecentreof the fortress,possibly he residencyof the military commandewhile the west tower must have served for the oolice bodv. The existenceof three parallel buildings possibly used as bairacks; .".[r on. would bedivided in two parts, entering through the main door to the larger part,of 3I,36mz and from a backdoor to the smallerpart, of 16,642. Oneimportant section of the fortressdoes not presetvisible srrucrureson

of the wall. From what we have been able to determine, sand was usedto join the stones hat formed the plinth, to, afterwards,build the restofthe height of the wall with adobe, aswe can find a large number of themon the surface(Fig. 19).

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Cerro de las Fuentes de Archivel fort