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PERSPECTIVA ACTUAL Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LAS ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES EN ESPAÑA. BIOCARBURANTES. COMISIÓN NACIONAL DE ENERGÍA GONZALO DEL CASTILLO 11 DICIEMBRE 2007. ÍNDICE. PRESENTACIÓN: QUÉ ES AOP ¿POR QUÉ BIOS?: ESCENARIO/PROSPECTIVA SITUACIÓN ACTUAL: NECESIDAD DE LOS BIOCOMBUSTIBLES - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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COMISIN NACIONAL DE ENERGAGONZALO DEL CASTILLO 11 DICIEMBRE 2007 PERSPECTIVA ACTUAL Y EVOLUCIN DE LAS ENERGAS RENOVABLES EN ESPAA. BIOCARBURANTES
NDICE
PRESENTACIN: QU ES AOPPOR QU BIOS?: ESCENARIO/PROSPECTIVASITUACIN ACTUAL: NECESIDAD DE LOS BIOCOMBUSTIBLES SOLUCIONES. VENTAJAS. PROBLEMASPOSICIN DEL SECTOR PETROLEROEL FUTURORESUMEN Y CONCLUSIONES
*
AOP: ASOCIACIN ESPAOLA DE OPERADORES DE PRODUCTOS PETROLFEROSEL PRINCIPAL OBJETIVO DE AOP ES LA DEFENSA DE LOS INTERESES GENERALES DE SUS ASOCIADOS ESTABLECIENDO UNA SERIE DE PRIORIDADES EN LAS ACTUACIONES QUE TIENEN EN CUENTA EL INTERS PARTICULAR DE LAS COMPAAS Y EL SERVICIO QUE LA ASOCIACIN PUEDE PRESTAR A LA SOCIEDAD:SEGUIMIENTO DE LA LEGISLACIN PETROLERA Y COLABORACIN CON LAS AUTORIDADES COMPETENTES DE LA ADMINISTRACIN, DANDO SU OPININ EN AQUELLOS ASUNTOS QUE AFECTAN AL SECTOR.RESPONSABILIDAD CON EL MEDIO AMBIENTE, LAS CONDICIONES DE SEGURIDAD E HIGIENE DE LAS INSTALACIONES O PUNTOS DE VENTA Y DISTRIBUCIN DE PRODUCTOS PETROLFEROS, AS COMO LA SEGURIDAD DE LOS MISMOS PARA LOS CONSUMIDORES.*
ESCENARIO/PROSPECTIVA
ESCENARIOEN 2030 SE NECESITAR UN 50 % MS DE ENERGA QUE HOY.LAS RESERVAS DE HIDROCARBUROS SE ENCUENTRAN EN LOS LMITES TECNOLGICOS.EL CAMBIO CLIMTICO ES UN NUEVO Y GRAVE PROBLEMA.EL CAMPO DE ACTIVIDAD DE LAS COMPAAS PETROLERAS ES LA ENERGA.ENUNCIADO: UN PROBLEMA GLOBALCONDICIONES EMPRESARIALES: UN MARCO NUEVOSOLUCIN: NO EXISTE UNA SOLATODAS LAS FUENTES DE ENERGA MERECEN ATENCIN.TODAS LAS TECNOLOGAS SON IMPORTANTES.EL MONOCLIENTE DEL PETRLEO ES EL TRANSPORTE.LAS COMPAAS NO VAN A DESAPARECER DEL MAPA.EL TRANSPORTE CONTRIBUYE CON EL 25% A LAS EMISIONES DE CO2.LA DIVERSIFICACIN DEL SUMINISTRO ES MS NECESARIA CADA DA.
INCREMENTO DE LAS IMPORTACIONES NETAS DE CRUDO, 2006-2030 LAS NUEVAS POLTICAS REDUCEN LA DEMANDA GLOBAL EN 14 mb/d EN 2030PROSPECTIVA: EN 2030 EL MUNDO NECESITAR UN 50 % MS DE ENERGA Fuente: AIE
LAS MEJORAS TECNOLGICAS POSIBILITAN RECUPERAR RECURSOS ANTES INACCESIBLES1984184,1m20041.424,6mESCENARIO: LAS RESERVAS YA NO SON LO QUE ERAN
DISTRIBUCIN DE LAS RESERVAS PROBADAS DE CRUDO (2006)PESADO 11%EXTRAPESADO 23%MEDIO 44%LIGERO 22%SOMERO 34%:NO CONVENCIONAL 20%CONVENCIONAL 14%MEDIO 45%PROFUNDO 21%Fuente: O&GJ (12 Nov 2007)LIGERO >35 APIMEDIO 26-35 APIPESADO 10-26 APIEXTRAPESADO 3.500 mCONVENCIONALNO CONVENCIONAL(1 Billn = 1 Giga= 1012)1,4 Billones de Bbl3,0 Billones de Bbl5,6 Billones de Bbl2,8 Billones de BblTotal: 12,8 Billones de Bbl4,4 Billones de Bbl5,7 Billones de Bbl2,7 Billones de BblTotal: 12,8 Billones de BblEL CRUDO BUENO TAMBIN ES UN RECUERDO*
Grfico1
0.230.1093750.43750.22
LIGERO
MEDIO
PESADO
EXTRA PESADO
Hoja2
1012 Bbl%
LIGERO323%
MEDIO1.411%
PESADO5.644%
EXTRA PESADO2.822%
12.8100%
1012 Bbl%
SOMERO4.434%
MEDIO5.745%
PROFUNDO2.721%
12.8100%
Hoja1
NOMBRE DEL CRUDOANALISISAPI
ALBAEC-14/9419.220.9388
ALIFC.B. 198639.390.8280
AL ZAAFARANAEC-07/9523.300.9141
AMALEC-23/8932.120.8648
ANASURIA BLENDSHELL 04/9736.750.8410
AMNAEC-15/9236.810.8407
ANGOLA BLENDEC-48/8535.360.8480
ANTANEC-06/9034.170.8541
ARABIA EXTRA LIGEROARAMCO 11/7/9637.460.8375
ARABIA LIGERO2/38C/9833.190.8592
ARABIA MEDIO?????31.520.8680
ARABIA PESADO2/92C/9728.590.8839
ARABIA SUPER LIGEROARAMCO 4/9451.080.7750
ASHTART2/133C/9629.880.8768
AZERBAIJAN BLENDBP 9/09/199834.680.8515
AZERISAYBOLT 26/03/9725.840.8993
BACHAQUERO-13EC-12/7714.000.9725
BACHAQUERO-17LAGOVEN 2/9115.730.9611
BACHAQUERO-22LAGOVEN 5/8922.200.9206
BARRACUDA2/23/148/1076/0031.840.8663
BASRAHSTATOIL-9434.720.8513
BELAYIMEC-14/9228.220.8859
BELAYIM LAND2/07C/9621.340.9258
BOLIVIANOEC-06/9450.700.7766
BONNY LIGHT2/44C/9734.930.8502
BONNY MEDIO2/21C/9626.300.8967
BOQUERN2/105C/9738.490.8324
BOSCANEC-13/919.941.0004
BOURIEC-07/9126.370.8963
BRASS RIVEREC-08/9242.760.8120
BREGAEC-12/8740.410.8231
BRENTSTATOIL 9/9638.180.8339
BRUNEI LIGHT11/9440.430.8230
BUATTI FELSGS-7/9443.650.8079
CAADON SECOEC-01/9528.010.8871
CAO LIMONEC-30/8928.990.8817
CAPTAIN09/9319.000.9402
CASABLANCAEC-05/9332.580.8624
CHELEKENSAYBOLT 9736.690.8413
CONDENSADO ARGELINO2/78C/9664.370.7224
CONDENSADO BOLIVIANOCORE L. 12/13/9454.270.7617
CONDENSADO BREGA??????67.100.7125
CONDENSADO QATARTOTAL-14/08/9658.970.7429
CUSIANA31/08/199839.500.8275
CYRUSI.P.A.C. 05/6719.130.9394
DJENOELF 20/02/9726.950.8930
DOUGLASSGS/10/9443.060.8106
DRAUGENCHEVRON 1/9340.140.8244
DUBAIEC-12/9332.060.8651
DUCEC-09/9434.170.8541
DURWARD BLEND17/04/199635.620.8467
EAST ZEITH MIXEXXON39.080.8295
EBOME034.290.8535
EKOFISK2/34C/9838.490.8324
EL HAMRA BLENDEC-04/9240.680.8218
EMERALDNESTE 5/9323.620.9122
EOCENETEXACO 28/04/9719.300.9383
ESCALANTEEC-03/9223.530.9127
ESCRAVOSEC-02/9435.840.8456
ES SHARARA2/128C/9843.130.8103
ES SIDEREC-06/9235.960.8450
EZZAOUIAEC-10/9140.200.8241
FAO BLENDEC-18/9029.520.8788
FIFESGS 9536.070.8444
FLOTTA2/16C/9637.030.8396
FOINAVENBP-14/08/9425.290.9025
FORCADOS2/32C/9829.810.8772
FOROOZANEC-04/9531.220.8696
FORTIESEC-15/9339.190.8290
GALEOTATRI-TOBAGO26.570.8952
GALOTA MIXAMOCO 6/9833.710.8565
GEISUMEC-03/9119.320.9382
GRYPHONEC-18/9421.440.9252
GUAFITA BLENDINTEVEP 9429.810.8772
GULLFAKSEC-10/9329.630.8782
GULLFAKS_CSTATOIL 3/11/9435.620.8467
HAMADA16/07/9239.060.8296
HARDINGBP 6/9118.950.9405
HEIDRUNEC-06/9527.330.8909
HERMONDSTATOIL 12/9119.080.9397
HUDSONCORE LAB.38.800.8309
HYDRAEC-09/9239.970.8252
IMAAMNI-ABACAN43.080.8105
IRAN LIGEROEC-11/9333.730.8564
IRAN PESADOEC-17/9129.920.8766
ISTMUS2/77C/9733.190.8592
JABIRUBHP 3/8942.270.8143
KHAFJIA.O.C. 7828.590.8839
KHALDAEC-05/9242.910.8113
KIAMESONANGOL 09/9829.170.8807
KIRKUKF2/7C/9934.850.8506
KITINAAGIP 03/9838.740.8312
KOCH ALBERTACORE LAB JUL-9732.770.8614
KOLEELF 2/08/9732.840.8610
KUITOCHEVRON 10/9820.020.9339
KUWAITEC-09/9331.610.8675
LAGOMARMARAVEN 8/8832.080.8650
LAMINARIANATA 2/9558.100.7463
LANDES MIXEC-08/9033.130.8595
LAVAN BLENDNIOC-08/9334.350.8532
LENNOXCORE/04/9347.500.7905
LEONAINTEVEP-02/9423.990.9100
LIONTOTAL-09/9536.000.8448
LOKELEEC-43/8519.530.9369
LORETOCOM.AM.-01/9519.300.9383
MALONGOEC-12/9232.050.8652
MANDJIF2/46C/9929.090.8811
MARIB LIGHT2/70C/9749.260.7828
MARLIMPETROBRAS19.790.9353
MASILACANADIAN-9330.860.8715
MAYA2/23/155/0988/0021.440.9252
MEDANITOEC-03/9435.880.8454
MEREYEC-10/9415.560.9622
MESA2/89C/9729.660.8780
MESLA2/05C/9638.330.8332
MISKARCALEB B.-26/07/9549.280.7827
MOUDI2/20C/9636.330.8431
NC115SGS 9641.020.8202
NEMBA06/9538.490.8324
NILE BLENDSPC 17/9/9834.460.8526
NINIANEC-20/8938.350.8331
NJORDSTATOIL 23/3/8937.640.8366
N'KOSSAELF 6/09/9639.190.8290
N'KOSSA_97ELF 12/04/9746.530.7948
NORNESTATOIL 3-03/9332.790.8613
NORTH WEST SHELF COND.10/199559.590.7405
ODUDU BLEND2/104C/9727.130.8920
OLMECACORE LAB. 08/9240.620.8221
OMANEC-02/8335.620.8467
ORIENTE LIGEROUOP-5/9129.000.8816
OSEBERGELF-03/9535.900.8453
OSSO CONDENSADO2/23/155/0055/0047.340.7912
PALANCAEC-05/9438.980.8300
PENNINGTONF2/237C/9934.190.8540
PIERCERANGER O.-08/9637.030.8396
PILONLAGOVEN 3/9112.420.9832
PRINOSNAPC-9532.390.8634
QATAR MARINOEC-04/8236.490.8423
QUA IBOE2/127C/9736.070.8444
RABI LIGHTELF-03/9634.290.8535
RAINBOWCOMS. AMER. 7/9339.390.8280
RAS BUDRAMEC-15/9425.740.8999
RAS GHARIBEC-14/8121.700.9236
RATAWITEXACO-06/9524.200.9088
RESIDUO E-4EC-36/8819.080.9397
RESIDUO M100-15.330.9637
RHEMOURA2/12C/9631.990.8655
RODABALLO2/89C/9641.690.8170
ROSPO MAREEC-11/9113.610.9751
SAHARA BLEND2/31C/9843.560.8083
SANTA BRBARACORPOVEN 11/9535.800.8458
SANTA CRUZ SUR17/11/199444.800.8026
SARIR2/118C/9637.190.8388
SCHIEHALLIONSHELL 6/9525.460.9015
SHABWAHSHELL 03/9035.760.8460
SHARJAHAMOCO C.-5/12/9359.100.7424
SIBERIA LIGHT2/64C/9835.070.8495
SIRIPHILLIPS 66 12/9538.120.8342
SIRIAN LIGHTF2/234C/9936.090.8443
SIRTICA2/150C/9639.520.8274
SLEIPNEREC-02/9559.180.7421
SOUEDIEEC-17/9422.720.9175
SOUTH ARNESGS 9636.350.8430
SOUTH BLEND-29.200.8805
SOYO2/48C/9639.170.8291
STATFJORDSTATOIL 9/9638.310.8333
SUEZ BLENDEC-16/9129.850.8770
TACHING(DAQUING)EC-04/8632.250.8641
TAKULAEC-10/9232.500.8628
TAPIS BLENDEXXON-11/8845.570.7991
TAZERKAEC-03/9531.330.8690
TCHATAMBANOV-9744.100.8058
TEMPA ROSSAFINA 9616.500.9561
TENGIZ2/157C/9946.380.7955
THEVENARD BLENDCOED 6/9537.560.8370
TIA JUANA LIG.EC-22/8531.970.8656
TROLLSTATOIL 11/02/9728.370.8851
UKPOKITICONOCO 17/10/9741.820.8164
UPPER ZAKUM-33.090.8597
URAL LIGERO2/99C/9732.390.8634
URAL PESADO1/06/9231.110.8702
VASCONIA-25.370.9020
VIC BIHLEXXON 3/8521.590.9243
WIDURISAYBOLT 5/09/8933.320.8585
YOMBOAMOCO17.700.9484
ZAFIRO EXPORT BLENDF2/77C/9933.570.8572
ZAIRECHEVRON-8931.240.8695
ZARZAITINEEC-12/9442.250.8144
ZEITH BAYMARATHON(05-93)36.510.8422
ZEITH BLENDEC-32/8432.540.8626
ZUEITINAEC-24/8740.600.8222
Grfico1
0.218750.43750.1093750.234375
LIGERO
MEDIO
PESADO
EXTRA PESADO
Grfico2
0.21093750.44531250.34375
PROFUNDO
MEDIO
SOMERO
Hoja2
1012 Bbl%
LIGERO2.822%
MEDIO5.644%
PESADO1.411%
EXTRA PESADO323%
12.8100%
1012 Bbl%
PROFUNDO2.721%
MEDIO5.745%
SOMERO4.434%
12.8100%
Hoja1
NOMBRE DEL CRUDOANALISISAPI
ALBAEC-14/9419.220.9388
ALIFC.B. 198639.390.8280
AL ZAAFARANAEC-07/9523.300.9141
AMALEC-23/8932.120.8648
ANASURIA BLENDSHELL 04/9736.750.8410
AMNAEC-15/9236.810.8407
ANGOLA BLENDEC-48/8535.360.8480
ANTANEC-06/9034.170.8541
ARABIA EXTRA LIGEROARAMCO 11/7/9637.460.8375
ARABIA LIGERO2/38C/9833.190.8592
ARABIA MEDIO?????31.520.8680
ARABIA PESADO2/92C/9728.590.8839
ARABIA SUPER LIGEROARAMCO 4/9451.080.7750
ASHTART2/133C/9629.880.8768
AZERBAIJAN BLENDBP 9/09/199834.680.8515
AZERISAYBOLT 26/03/9725.840.8993
BACHAQUERO-13EC-12/7714.000.9725
BACHAQUERO-17LAGOVEN 2/9115.730.9611
BACHAQUERO-22LAGOVEN 5/8922.200.9206
BARRACUDA2/23/148/1076/0031.840.8663
BASRAHSTATOIL-9434.720.8513
BELAYIMEC-14/9228.220.8859
BELAYIM LAND2/07C/9621.340.9258
BOLIVIANOEC-06/9450.700.7766
BONNY LIGHT2/44C/9734.930.8502
BONNY MEDIO2/21C/9626.300.8967
BOQUERN2/105C/9738.490.8324
BOSCANEC-13/919.941.0004
BOURIEC-07/9126.370.8963
BRASS RIVEREC-08/9242.760.8120
BREGAEC-12/8740.410.8231
BRENTSTATOIL 9/9638.180.8339
BRUNEI LIGHT11/9440.430.8230
BUATTI FELSGS-7/9443.650.8079
CAADON SECOEC-01/9528.010.8871
CAO LIMONEC-30/8928.990.8817
CAPTAIN09/9319.000.9402
CASABLANCAEC-05/9332.580.8624
CHELEKENSAYBOLT 9736.690.8413
CONDENSADO ARGELINO2/78C/9664.370.7224
CONDENSADO BOLIVIANOCORE L. 12/13/9454.270.7617
CONDENSADO BREGA??????67.100.7125
CONDENSADO QATARTOTAL-14/08/9658.970.7429
CUSIANA31/08/199839.500.8275
CYRUSI.P.A.C. 05/6719.130.9394
DJENOELF 20/02/9726.950.8930
DOUGLASSGS/10/9443.060.8106
DRAUGENCHEVRON 1/9340.140.8244
DUBAIEC-12/9332.060.8651
DUCEC-09/9434.170.8541
DURWARD BLEND17/04/199635.620.8467
EAST ZEITH MIXEXXON39.080.8295
EBOME034.290.8535
EKOFISK2/34C/9838.490.8324
EL HAMRA BLENDEC-04/9240.680.8218
EMERALDNESTE 5/9323.620.9122
EOCENETEXACO 28/04/9719.300.9383
ESCALANTEEC-03/9223.530.9127
ESCRAVOSEC-02/9435.840.8456
ES SHARARA2/128C/9843.130.8103
ES SIDEREC-06/9235.960.8450
EZZAOUIAEC-10/9140.200.8241
FAO BLENDEC-18/9029.520.8788
FIFESGS 9536.070.8444
FLOTTA2/16C/9637.030.8396
FOINAVENBP-14/08/9425.290.9025
FORCADOS2/32C/9829.810.8772
FOROOZANEC-04/9531.220.8696
FORTIESEC-15/9339.190.8290
GALEOTATRI-TOBAGO26.570.8952
GALOTA MIXAMOCO 6/9833.710.8565
GEISUMEC-03/9119.320.9382
GRYPHONEC-18/9421.440.9252
GUAFITA BLENDINTEVEP 9429.810.8772
GULLFAKSEC-10/9329.630.8782
GULLFAKS_CSTATOIL 3/11/9435.620.8467
HAMADA16/07/9239.060.8296
HARDINGBP 6/9118.950.9405
HEIDRUNEC-06/9527.330.8909
HERMONDSTATOIL 12/9119.080.9397
HUDSONCORE LAB.38.800.8309
HYDRAEC-09/9239.970.8252
IMAAMNI-ABACAN43.080.8105
IRAN LIGEROEC-11/9333.730.8564
IRAN PESADOEC-17/9129.920.8766
ISTMUS2/77C/9733.190.8592
JABIRUBHP 3/8942.270.8143
KHAFJIA.O.C. 7828.590.8839
KHALDAEC-05/9242.910.8113
KIAMESONANGOL 09/9829.170.8807
KIRKUKF2/7C/9934.850.8506
KITINAAGIP 03/9838.740.8312
KOCH ALBERTACORE LAB JUL-9732.770.8614
KOLEELF 2/08/9732.840.8610
KUITOCHEVRON 10/9820.020.9339
KUWAITEC-09/9331.610.8675
LAGOMARMARAVEN 8/8832.080.8650
LAMINARIANATA 2/9558.100.7463
LANDES MIXEC-08/9033.130.8595
LAVAN BLENDNIOC-08/9334.350.8532
LENNOXCORE/04/9347.500.7905
LEONAINTEVEP-02/9423.990.9100
LIONTOTAL-09/9536.000.8448
LOKELEEC-43/8519.530.9369
LORETOCOM.AM.-01/9519.300.9383
MALONGOEC-12/9232.050.8652
MANDJIF2/46C/9929.090.8811
MARIB LIGHT2/70C/9749.260.7828
MARLIMPETROBRAS19.790.9353
MASILACANADIAN-9330.860.8715
MAYA2/23/155/0988/0021.440.9252
MEDANITOEC-03/9435.880.8454
MEREYEC-10/9415.560.9622
MESA2/89C/9729.660.8780
MESLA2/05C/9638.330.8332
MISKARCALEB B.-26/07/9549.280.7827
MOUDI2/20C/9636.330.8431
NC115SGS 9641.020.8202
NEMBA06/9538.490.8324
NILE BLENDSPC 17/9/9834.460.8526
NINIANEC-20/8938.350.8331
NJORDSTATOIL 23/3/8937.640.8366
N'KOSSAELF 6/09/9639.190.8290
N'KOSSA_97ELF 12/04/9746.530.7948
NORNESTATOIL 3-03/9332.790.8613
NORTH WEST SHELF COND.10/199559.590.7405
ODUDU BLEND2/104C/9727.130.8920
OLMECACORE LAB. 08/9240.620.8221
OMANEC-02/8335.620.8467
ORIENTE LIGEROUOP-5/9129.000.8816
OSEBERGELF-03/9535.900.8453
OSSO CONDENSADO2/23/155/0055/0047.340.7912
PALANCAEC-05/9438.980.8300
PENNINGTONF2/237C/9934.190.8540
PIERCERANGER O.-08/9637.030.8396
PILONLAGOVEN 3/9112.420.9832
PRINOSNAPC-9532.390.8634
QATAR MARINOEC-04/8236.490.8423
QUA IBOE2/127C/9736.070.8444
RABI LIGHTELF-03/9634.290.8535
RAINBOWCOMS. AMER. 7/9339.390.8280
RAS BUDRAMEC-15/9425.740.8999
RAS GHARIBEC-14/8121.700.9236
RATAWITEXACO-06/9524.200.9088
RESIDUO E-4EC-36/8819.080.9397
RESIDUO M100-15.330.9637
RHEMOURA2/12C/9631.990.8655
RODABALLO2/89C/9641.690.8170
ROSPO MAREEC-11/9113.610.9751
SAHARA BLEND2/31C/9843.560.8083
SANTA BRBARACORPOVEN 11/9535.800.8458
SANTA CRUZ SUR17/11/199444.800.8026
SARIR2/118C/9637.190.8388
SCHIEHALLIONSHELL 6/9525.460.9015
SHABWAHSHELL 03/9035.760.8460
SHARJAHAMOCO C.-5/12/9359.100.7424
SIBERIA LIGHT2/64C/9835.070.8495
SIRIPHILLIPS 66 12/9538.120.8342
SIRIAN LIGHTF2/234C/9936.090.8443
SIRTICA2/150C/9639.520.8274
SLEIPNEREC-02/9559.180.7421
SOUEDIEEC-17/9422.720.9175
SOUTH ARNESGS 9636.350.8430
SOUTH BLEND-29.200.8805
SOYO2/48C/9639.170.8291
STATFJORDSTATOIL 9/9638.310.8333
SUEZ BLENDEC-16/9129.850.8770
TACHING(DAQUING)EC-04/8632.250.8641
TAKULAEC-10/9232.500.8628
TAPIS BLENDEXXON-11/8845.570.7991
TAZERKAEC-03/9531.330.8690
TCHATAMBANOV-9744.100.8058
TEMPA ROSSAFINA 9616.500.9561
TENGIZ2/157C/9946.380.7955
THEVENARD BLENDCOED 6/9537.560.8370
TIA JUANA LIG.EC-22/8531.970.8656
TROLLSTATOIL 11/02/9728.370.8851
UKPOKITICONOCO 17/10/9741.820.8164
UPPER ZAKUM-33.090.8597
URAL LIGERO2/99C/9732.390.8634
URAL PESADO1/06/9231.110.8702
VASCONIA-25.370.9020
VIC BIHLEXXON 3/8521.590.9243
WIDURISAYBOLT 5/09/8933.320.8585
YOMBOAMOCO17.700.9484
ZAFIRO EXPORT BLENDF2/77C/9933.570.8572
ZAIRECHEVRON-8931.240.8695
ZARZAITINEEC-12/9442.250.8144
ZEITH BAYMARATHON(05-93)36.510.8422
ZEITH BLENDEC-32/8432.540.8626
ZUEITINAEC-24/8740.600.8222
EMISIONES GLOBALES DE CO2 RELACIONADAS CON LA ENERGA LAS EMISIONES GLOBALES AUMENTAN UN 57% EN EL ESCENARIO DE REFERENCIA, SE ESTABILIZAN EN EL ALTERNATIVO CMO ES?101520253035404550198019902000201020202030 Gt de CO2Escenario de referencia42 GtEscenario Alternativo27 GtPROSPECTIVA: EL CAMBIO CLIMTICO ES EL PROBLEMAFuente: AIE
ESCENARIO ALTERNATIVO: NO HAY UNA SOLUCIN NICA1015202530354045200520102015202020252030Gt de CO2CCS en la industriaCCS en generacin elctricaNuclearRenovablesCambio a gas de CT de carbnEficiencia energtica electricidadEficiencia energtica combustiblesEscenario de referenciaEscenario de estabilizacin27 GtIndustriaUsuariosFuente: AIE HOY HABLAMOS DE UNA DE LAS SOLUCIONES: LOS BIOCARBURANTES PARA EL TRANSPORTEESTABILIZACIN DE LAS EMISIONES DE CO2
LOS BIOCARBURANTES DE CERCA: EMISIONES DE GEI
DECIR QUE LOS BIOS NO EMITEN CO2 NO ES EXACTO...CICLO DE VIDAFuente: AOPEmisin de CO2Emisin de CO2Absorcin de CO2PRODUCCINUTILIZACINENERGA FSIL EN RIEGO, FERTILIZANTES,COSECHA
... TAMPOCO TODOS LOS BIOCARBURANTES SON IGUALES LA EMISIN SE MIDE A LO LARGO DE TODO EL CICLO DE VIDA. LA REDUCCIN DE EMISIONES SE PRODUCE EN LA FASE DE FABRICACIN. EN LA COMBUSTIN LA EMISIN DE CO2 ES PRCTICAMENTE IGUAL PARA BIOS Y FSILES.Fuente: Estudio WTW Mayo 2006, JRC, Concawe, Eucar
LOS BIOCARBURANTES DE CERCA: POSICIN DEL SECTOR PETROLERO
Fuente: CORESESPAA: DESEQUILIBRIO PRODUCCIN-DEMANDA
Grfico3
1.358
1.207
0.91
1.8
2.113
2.934
-7.483
-8.559
-9.85
-11.174
-13.217
-12.655
IMPORTACIONES NETAS GASLEO
EXPORTACIONES NETAS GASOLINA
SUPERAVIT
DEFICIT
Espaa
Millones de Tm
Hoja1
Hoja1
1.358
1.207
0.91
1.8
2.113
2.934
-7.483
-8.559
-9.85
-11.174
-13.217
-12.655
IMPORTACIONES NETAS GASOLEO
EXPORTACIONES NETAS GASOLINA
SUPERAVIT
DFICIT
Espaa
Millones de Tm/ao
Desequilibrio Produccin-Demanda Espaa
Hoja2
Hoja4
Hoja5
2001200220032004200520062001200220003200420052006
Espaa1.3581.2070.911.82.1132.934-7.483-8.559-9.85-11.174-13.217-12.655
Hoja5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Espaa
Hoja3
GASOLEOGASOLINAS
2001-74831.358
2002-8.5591.207
2003-9.850.91
2004-11.1741.8
2005-13.2172.113
2006 E-12.22
Hoja3
-74831.358
-8.5591.207
-9.850.91
-11.1741.8
-13.2172.113
-12.22
GASOLEO
GASOLINAS
MBD000484F4.xls
Matriculaciones
12.887.2
16.683.4
22.177.9
25.3774.62
33.266.8
36.9363.07
41.558.5
47.452.6
50.449.6
53.146.9
51.748.3
57.342.7
Gasleo
Gasolina
Disel
Gasolina
% Gasleo sobre carburantes
5545
5644
5941
6139
6436
6634
6832
7030
72.0927.91
74.1825.82
76.623.5
77.6222.38
Diesel
Gasolinas
Gasleo
Gasolina
Hoja1
Matriculacin por tipo de carburantes
DiselGasolina
199112.887.2
199216.683.4
199322.177.9
199425.3774.62
199533.266.8
199636.9363.07
199741.558.5
199847.452.6
199950.449.6
200053.146.9
200151.748.3
200257.342.7
Porcentaje de Gasleo sobre total de carburantes
GasleoGasolina
199555.0045.00
199656.0044.00
199759.0041.00
199861.0039.00
199964.0036.00
200066.0034.00
200168.0032.00
200270.0030.00
200372.0927.91
200474.1825.82
200576.623.5
2006 E77.6222.38
MBD0004B8ED.xls
MBD0006E78E.xls
Grfico 23
0.49
1.148
1.506
1.347
-1.692
-4.158
-6.836
-9.155
Excedente
Dficit
1996 1998 2000 2002
EXPORTACIONES DE GASOLINAS
IMPORTACIONES DE DESTILADOS MEDIOS
Espaa
1996 1998 2000 2002
Millones Tm/ao
Hoja1
19961998200020021996199820002002
Espaa0.491.1481.5061.347-1.692-4.158-6.836-9.155
34823608
18632145
1619146315728
UE-1417.116.41515.5-5-5.5-14
Hoja2
Hoja3
MBD0004A4DD.xls
MBD00047BF8.xls
Matriculaciones
12.887.2
16.683.4
22.177.9
25.474.6
33.266.8
36.963.1
41.558.5
47.452.6
50.449.6
53.146.9
51.848.2
57.342.7
60.439.6
65.134.9
67.832.2
7030
Diesel
Gasolinas
Disel
Gasolina
% Gasleo sobre carburantes
5545
5644
5941
6139
6436
6634
6832
7030
Gasleo
Gasleo
Gasolina
Gasleo
Gasolina
Hoja1
Matriculacin por tipo de carburantes
DiselGasolina
199112.887.2
199216.683.4
199322.177.9
199425.474.6
199533.266.8
199636.963.1
199741.558.5
199847.452.6
199950.449.6
200053.146.9
200151.848.2
200257.342.7
200360.439.6
200465.134.9
200567.832.2
2006 E7030
Porcentaje de Gasleo sobre total de carburantes
GasleoGasolina
199555.0045.00
199656.0044.00
199759.0041.00
199861.0039.00
199964.0036.00
200066.0034.00
200168.0032.00
200270.0030.00
ANTECEDENTES DE BIOCARBURANTES EN ESPAA: 1) ETBE ETBE, COMPONENTE DE LA GASOLINA.
BIOETANOL + ISOBUTILENO = (BIO) ETBE
VENTAJAS: COMPATIBLE CON LA GASOLINA, HASTA UN 15% EN LA ESPECIFICACIN (EN 228)SIN PROBLEMAS DE ALMACENAMIENTO Y DISTRIBUCINSIN EFECTOS NEGATIVOS PARA SALUD, VEHCULOS, MEDIOAMBIENTE
LIMITACIONES:YA NO HAY MS ISOBUTILENO EN LAS REFINERAS
ANTECEDENTES DE BIOCARBURANTES EN ESPAA: 1bis) BIOETANOL? INDUSTRIA ESPAOLA PIONERA EN EUROPA, LDERES EN LA INCORPORACIN DE BIOETANOL: 194 KT EN 2006, ... EN FORMA DE ETBE.
NO ADICIN DIRECTA.
VENTAJAS: COMPATIBLE CON LA GASOLINA, HASTA UN 5% EN LA ESPECIFICACIN (EN 228)EXPERIENCIA POSITIVA EN PASES CON SISTEMAS LOGSTICOS AD-HOC: BRASIL ...SIN EFECTOS NEGATIVOS PARA SALUD, VEHCULOS ADAPTADOS, (MEDIOAMBIENTE)
LIMITACIONES:EXCEDENTES DE GASOLINA EN ESPAA: >2 Mt/aMISCIBLE CON AGUA: PROBLEMAS DE ALMACENAMIENTO Y DISTRIBUCINIMPACTO EN LA VOLATILIDAD DE LA GASOLINA: EMISIONES DE COV
FAME (CIDOS GRASOS DE LOS STERES METLICOS)MATERIAS PRIMAS: ACEITES VEGETALES VRGENES O USADOS.ACEITES USADOS: PROBLEMAS DE CALIDAD DEL PRODUCTO FINAL.APUESTA DE LOS OPERADORES POR LOS ACEITES VEGETALES VRGENES.LA FISCALIDAD EN ESPAA, OBSTCULO PARA SU DESARROLLO.
VENTAJAS: EXISTE UNA ESPECIFICACIN PARA FAME (EN 14214).LA ESPECIFICACIN DE GASLEO A (EN 590) ADMITE HASTA EL 5 %. BUEN NMERO DE CETANO. BUENA LUBRICIDAD. SIN AZUFRE. FACILIDAD DE MEZCLA EN REFINERA CON LOS CARBURANTES FSILES.
INCONVENIENTES:ESTABILIDAD. TOLERANCIA AL AGUA. PROPIEDADES EN FRO.COMPATIBILIDAD CON ADITIVOS Y CON GO FSIL BASE.
ANTECEDENTES DE BIOCARBURANTES EN ESPAA: 2) FAME
COMENTARIOS GENERALESCLASIFICACIN: SE NECESITAN UNAS 20 NORMAS NUEVAS POR CADA PRODUCTO:DESARROLLAR LOS MTODOS DE ANLISISFABRICACIN: SE NECESITA FLEXIBILIDAD PARA SU PRODUCCIN CON DIFERENTES MATERIAS PRIMAS COMPITEN CON PRODUCTOS DE PRIMERA NECESIDAD-SE CUESTIONA SU SOSTENIBILIDADMANEJO: SEGURIDAD, ALMACENAMIENTO:ELECCIN DE MATERIALESMEZCLA CON LOS PRODUCTOS FSILESCONSUMO:ELIMINAR LAS INCOMPATIBILIDADES: LUBRICANTES, ADITIVOSADAPTAR LOS VEHCULOS
LOS BIOCARBURANTES SON PRODUCTOS NUEVOS PARA LOS QUE HAY QUE ADAPTAR LA TECNOLOGA EXISTENTE:LA CALIDAD DEBE SER LA MISMA QUE LA DE LOS CARBURANTES FSILES: PERFECTA SIEMPRE.
POSICIN DE LAS COMPAAS PETROLERAS CONSTRUCCIN DE SIETE PLANTAS DE BIODIESEL CON UNA CAPACIDAD DE 1,7 MILLONES DE TONELADAS/AO.
LA INDUSTRIA ESPAOLA INTENTA MAXIMIZAR EN LO POSIBLE LA VA DEL ETBE.
SE ESTN INVESTIGANDO NUEVAS FORMAS DE INCORPORAR BIOETANOL AL GASLEO.LA INDUSTRIA EST COMPROMETIDA CON LOS BIOCARBURANTES:
PERSPECTIVAS PARA EL FUTURO DE LOS BIOCARBURANTES
VISTA PANORMICA DE LOS COMBUSTIBLES COMBUSTIBLES ALTERNATIVOSCOMBUSTIBLES SINTTICOSACEITESGAS ETANOLG-T-LB-T-LC-T-LCOLZASOJAFRITURAOTROSGNCGLPBIOGASH2REMOLACHACEREALCAACELULOSAGASNATURALCARBNMADERACULTIVOSENERGTICOSFuente: Volkswagen
CONSUMO DE ENERGA: PROSPECTIVA
ENERGA PRIMARIA GLOBALPROYECCIN SIGLO XXI
Fuente: Peter R. Odell, Why carbon fuels will dominate the 21st centurys global energy economy
%2010204020702100CARBN24,022,719,315,6PETRLEO36,025,019,713,0GAS NATURAL20,029,535,029,6RENOVABLE20,022,726,041,8TOTAL100,0100,0100,0100,0
Grfico1
24
36
21
6
2
11
2003
Energa primaria. Cuota % por fuente 2003
Grfico2
23
34
24
5
2
12
2030
Energa primaria. Cuota % por fuente 2030
Hoja1
20032030
Carbn2423
Petrleo3634
Gas natural2124
Nuclear65
Hidroelctrica22
Bio y otras renovables1112
100100
2030
Carbn23
Petrleo34
Gas natural24
Nuclear5
Hidroelctrica2
Bio y otras renovables12
100
PRODUCCIN DE CRUDO, 2005
Reservas GN BP
Giga m3 (109 m3)at end 1985at end 1995at end 2004at end 2005
Total North America10.378.477.467.46
Total S. & Cent. America3.325.967.077.02
Total Europe & Eurasia44.4563.1663.7364.01
Total Middle East27.6745.3772.0972.13
Total Africa6.169.9314.3014.39
Total Asia Pacific7.5710.5414.3514.84
TOTAL WORLD99.54143.42179.00179.84
aos (base 2005)
Giga m3 (109 m3)1985199520042005Relacin R/P
Norte Amrica10.378.477.467.469.9
Sur y Centro Amrica3.325.967.077.0251.8
Europa y Eurasia44.4563.1663.7364.0160.3
Oriente Medio27.6745.3772.0972.13> 100
frica6.169.9314.3014.3988.3
Asia Pacfico7.5710.5414.3514.8441.2
TOTAL MUNDIAL99.54143.42179.00179.8465.10
Fuente: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2006
Natural Gas: Proved reserves
TrillionTrillionTrillionTrillionTrillion
cubiccubiccubiccubiccubicShareR/P
metresmetresmetresfeetmetresof totalratio
USA5.414.625.45192.55.453.0%10.4
Canada2.781.931.5956.01.590.9%8.6
Mexico2.171.920.4214.50.410.2%10.4
Total North America10.378.477.46263.37.464.1%9.9
Argentina0.680.620.5517.80.500.3%11.1
Bolivia0.130.130.7626.10.740.4%71.1
Brazil0.090.150.3310.90.310.2%27.3
Colombia0.110.220.124.00.110.1%16.7
Peru+0.200.3311.50.330.2%*
Trinidad & Tobago0.320.350.5319.20.550.3%18.8
Venezuela1.734.064.29152.34.322.4%*
Other S. & Cent. America0.240.230.175.90.170.1%87.7
Total S. & Cent. America3.325.967.07247.87.023.9%51.8
Azerbaijann/an/a1.3748.41.370.8%*
Denmark0.090.120.082.40.07w6.5
Germany0.300.220.206.60.190.1%11.8
Italy0.260.300.185.90.170.1%14.0
Kazakhstann/an/a3.00105.93.001.7%*
Netherlands1.861.821.4549.61.410.8%22.3
Norway0.571.812.3984.92.411.3%28.3
Poland0.100.150.113.80.110.1%25.3
Romania0.270.410.3022.20.630.3%48.6
Russian Federationn/an/a47.801688.047.8226.6%80.0
Turkmenistann/an/a2.90102.42.901.6%49.3
Ukrainen/an/a1.1139.01.110.6%58.7
United Kingdom0.650.700.5318.70.530.3%6.0
Uzbekistann/an/a1.8665.31.851.0%33.2
Other Europe & Eurasia40.3757.640.4616.20.460.3%47.0
Total Europe & Eurasia44.4563.1663.732259.464.0135.6%60.3
Bahrain0.210.150.093.20.090.1%9.1
Iran13.9919.3526.74943.926.7414.9%*
Iraq0.823.363.17111.93.171.8%*
Kuwait1.041.491.5755.51.570.9%*
Oman0.220.451.0035.11.000.6%56.9
Qatar4.448.5025.78910.125.7814.3%*
Saudi Arabia3.695.546.83243.66.903.8%99.3
Syria0.120.240.3110.90.310.2%57.3
United Arab Emirates3.155.866.06213.06.043.4%*
Yemen-0.430.4816.90.480.3%*
Other Middle East++0.051.80.05w26.7
Total Middle East27.6745.3772.092546.072.1340.1%*
Algeria3.353.694.55161.74.582.5%52.2
Egypt0.260.651.8766.71.891.1%54.4
Libya0.631.311.4952.61.490.8%*
Nigeria1.343.475.23184.65.232.9%*
Other Africa0.590.811.1742.21.200.7%*
Total Africa6.169.9314.30508.114.398.0%88.3
Australia0.771.282.5289.02.521.4%67.9
Bangladesh0.350.270.4415.40.440.2%30.7
Brunei0.240.400.3412.00.340.2%28.3
China0.871.672.2083.02.351.3%47.0
India0.480.680.9238.91.100.6%36.2
Indonesia1.981.952.7797.42.761.5%36.3
Malaysia1.492.272.4687.52.481.4%41.4
Myanmar0.270.270.5017.70.500.3%38.5
Pakistan0.620.600.8034.00.960.5%32.2
Papua New Guinea0.020.430.4315.10.430.2%*
Thailand0.220.180.3512.50.350.2%16.5
Vietnam0.000.150.248.30.240.1%45.6
Other Asia Pacific0.250.410.3813.10.370.2%34.7
Total Asia Pacific7.5710.5414.35523.714.848.3%41.2
TOTAL WORLD99.54143.42179.006,348.1179.83100.0%65.1
Of which: European Union 253.493.442.6590.82.571.4%12.9
OECD15.3815.0915.02527.714.958.3%13.8
Former Soviet Union40.0057.3758.322058.858.3232.4%76.7
* More than 100 years
+ Less than 0.05
w Less than 0.05%
n/a not available
Notes: Proved reserves of natural gas - Generally taken to be those quantities that geological and engineering information
indicates with reasonable certainty can be recovered in the future from known reservoirs under existing
economic and operating conditions.
Reserves/Production (R/P) ratio - If the reserves remaining at the end of any year are divided by the
production in that year, the result is the length of time that those remaining reserves would last if production were to continue at that level.
Source of data: The estimates in this table have been compiled using a combination of primary official sources and third party data from Cedigaz,
and the OPEC Secretariat.
The reserves figures shown do not necessarily meet the definitions, guidelines and practices used for determining proved reserves at the company level,
for instance those published by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or recommended for the purposes of UK SORP,
nor do they necessarily represent BP's view of proved reserves by country
Reservas petrleo BP
Oil: Proved reservesat end 1985at end 1995at end 2004at end 2005
ThousandThousandThousandThousandThousandThousandThousandThousand
millionmillionmillionmillionmillionmillionmillionmillionShareR/P
barrelstonnesbarrelstonnesbarrelstonnestonnesbarrelsof totalratio
USA36.44.529.83.729.33.63.629.32.4%11.8
Canada9.61.310.51.516.52.32.316.51.4%14.8
Mexico55.67.648.86.714.82.01.913.71.1%10.0
Total North America101.513.589.011.860.68.07.859.55.0%11.9
Total S. & Cent. America62.99.083.812.0103.014.714.8103.58.6%40.7
Total Europe & Eurasia78.610.781.511.1138.719.019.2140.511.7%22.0
Total Middle East431.358.7661.590.1738.2100.6101.2742.761.9%81.0
Total Africa57.07.672.09.6113.815.115.2114.39.5%31.8
Total Asia Pacific39.15.339.25.339.85.45.440.23.4%13.8
TOTAL WORLD770.41027.01194.1163.61200.7100.0%40.6
Of which OECD118.6111.381.810.680.66.7%11.2
OPEC535.8785.1897.4123.2902.475.2%73.1
Non-OPEC 172.0179.8175.823.5175.414.6%13.6
Former Soviet Union62.762.1120.916.8122.910.2%28.4
770.4104.81027.0139.91194.1162.7163.61200.71.0
Giga toneladas (109)1985199520042005Relacin R/P
aos (base 2005)
Norte Amrica13.4611.847.967.8111.9
Sur y Centro Amrica8.9811.9714.7114.7840.7
Europa y Eurasia10.7411.1418.9519.2122.0
Oriente Medio58.7590.10100.56101.1781.0
frica7.599.5715.1315.2031.8
Asia Pacfico5.255.275.355.4013.8
TOTAL MUNDIAL104.77139.89162.66163.5740.6
Fuente: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2006
Grfico3
2.5421
34.52.52.5
3.55.52.53.5
464.53
55.56.55
5.568.15
5.66.49.35.4
5.85.910.57.8
65.510.612.5
6511.214.8
6511.416.1
Carbn
Petrleo
Gas Natural
E. Alternativas
Gtep
Grfico4
0.26315789470.42105263160.21052631580.1052631579
0.240.360.20.2
0.23333333330.36666666670.16666666670.2333333333
0.22857142860.34285714290.25714285710.1714285714
0.22727272730.250.29545454550.2272727273
0.22357723580.2439024390.32926829270.2032520325
0.20973782770.23970037450.34831460670.202247191
0.19333333330.19666666670.350.26
0.17341040460.15895953760.30635838150.3612716763
0.16216216220.13513513510.30270270270.4
0.15584415580.12987012990.29610389610.4181818182
Carbn
Petrleo
Gas Natural
E. Alternativas
PARTICIPACIN DE LAS DISTINTAS FUENTES EN EL BALANCE ENERGTICO DEL SIGLO XXI
Fuentes
Gtep20002010202020302040205020602070208020902100
Carbn2.53.03.54.05.05.55.65.86.06.06.0
Petrleo4.04.55.56.05.56.06.45.95.55.05.0
Gas Natural2.02.52.54.56.58.19.310.510.611.211.4
E. Alternativas1.02.53.53.05.05.05.47.812.514.816.1
9.512.515.017.522.024.626.730.034.637.038.5
%20002010202020302040205020602070208020902100
Carbn26.3%24.0%23.3%22.9%22.7%22.4%21.0%19.3%17.3%16.2%15.6%
Petrleo42.1%36.0%36.7%34.3%25.0%24.4%24.0%19.7%15.9%13.5%13.0%
Gas Natural21.1%20.0%16.7%25.7%29.5%32.9%34.8%35.0%30.6%30.3%29.6%
E. Alternativas10.5%20.0%23.3%17.1%22.7%20.3%20.2%26.0%36.1%40.0%41.8%
100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%
MBD00083D6F.xls
RESUMEN Y CONCLUSIONES
RESUMEN Y CONCLUSIONESLOS BIOCARBURANTES SON UNA NECESIDADPARA LA SOCIEDADPARA LAS COMPAAS PETROLERAS
LOS BIOCARBURANTES SON PARTE DE LA SOLUCIN AL CAMBIO CLIMTICOREDUCEN EMISIONES EN SU PRODUCCINHAY OTROS FACTORES COMPLEMENTARIOS: LOS MOTORES
LOS BIOCARBURANTES PLANTEAN HOY PROBLEMASSOSTENIBILIDADCOMPETENCIA CON LA ALIMENTACINPRECIOCALIDAD
LOS BIOCARBURANTES FORMAN PARTE DEL PORVENIR DE LAS PETROLERAS
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