Contralínea 450

7/23/2019 Contralnea 450

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ttuc k9 4887 >, y nf mketfeonk9 :?4:. O ]]E9 4776-4787 . Fs tf e`frksf tfròe nf o`proòr fc 4> nf dlkstk nf 8246. Nostrohuond pkrcd Veoe nf Wkmfdnkrfs nf @xomk, nfspdmjk nf Lckrod ]detocce,Oledmok @drosmdc >>, mkc. dhdmdcfrd, MR 2 72=2, @xomk, NG, tfcgkek66 ?8 2: ?4.

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rod`fetf rffide cd pksturd nfc fnotkr nf cd puhcomdmoe. Tufndtktdc`fetf prkjohond cd rfprknummoe tktdc k pdrmodc nf cks mketfeonksk o`lfefs nf cd puhcomdmoe soe prfvod dutkrozdmoe nf Fnotkrodc

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5/68

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nks prrdgks nf cks tfxtks nf Gdhok Hdrhksd, Fc grdmdsk nf cd

suhdstd pftrkcfrd, y @duromok Xk`frk, Xfsurloòfetk nf

cd DRRK, fc eufvk pdsk. Kgrfmf`ks nosmucpds d cks dutkrfs

y d eufstrks cfmtkrfs.


6/68

7 4< nf dlkstk nf 8246

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mketfeonks oegkr`dtovks y husmdre prkvkmdr d quofefs nosgrutde cffr

fe pdpfc f oetfrpfcdr d cds ivfefs lfefrdmokefs `s prkmcovfs d cds

pcdtdgkr`ds nolotdcfs.

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guendmoe9 mke cd skmofndn, mke cd vfrndn y mke cd oenfpfenfemod.

Cfiks nf ueorsf dc mkrk nf cks quf sf mkesonfrde fc mudrtk pknfr,

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nfc pfroknos`k nf oevfstoldmoe9 rfvfcdr dqufcck quf fc pknfr k ckspknfrksks nfsfde `detfefr kmuctk y prkpkefr ued dlfend tf`tomd

quf prkpomof cd rfenomoe nf mufetds y dmk`pdf cds cumjds nf

f`demopdmoe nf cks pufhcks.

Fe fc fnotkrodc quf prfsfet fc pro`fr e`frk nf fstd rfvostd jdmf

`s nf 4= dks sf dsfet9 Mketrdcefd fs, detf tknk, pfroknos`k.

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sofenk, mk`k qufrd Xomdrnk Gckrfs @dle, oesuòsk, rfhfcnf. Tuf

mketrohuyd fe cd mkestrummoe nf ued skmofndn mrtomd, pdrtomopdtovd,

ek rfsolednd y `s iustd.

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EVF]^XK] CFM^KXF]

: 4< nf dlkstk nf 8246

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]dcunks.

Xfmofetf`fetf, ued mk`pd-

frd y dòld `f jd jfmjk ek-

tdr quf fc nkòelk ? nf dlkstk

nf 8246 puhcomdrke fe su plo-

ed cd soluofetf oegkr`dmoe9

jttp9//mketrdcoefd.oegk/drmjovk-rf-

vostd/oenfx.pjp/8246/2:/2?/mke-

toeude-dmmokefs-nf-oetoòndmoke-mke-

trdcoefd/

_k sky cd pfrsked quf dpd-

rfmf fe cds gktklrdgds y quf fs

nfsmrotd nf cd soluofetf gkr`d9

ue ikvfe nf mdhfcck cdrlk y pcd-

yfrd mdg, mke m`drd gktklr-

md y tfcfgktk fe `dek, tk`

o`lfefs nf cks dcrfnfnkrfs nf

cd sfnf nf fstf `fnok nf mkù-

eomdmoe y nf cds pufrtds nf dm-

mfsk. Goedc`fetf, cd pfrsked

mruzd cd dmfrd y vonfklrdhd cds

oestdcdmokefs detfs nf rftordrsf

dprfsurdnd`fetf.

Duequf fetofenk ck nogmocfs

quf pufnfe fstdr sofenk cds mk-sds pdrd ustfnfs nfspus nf ck

kmurronk mke Xuhe QFspoeksdP,

`f lustdrd dmcdrdr fstd pfeksd

sotudmoe.

4. Tuoe sky yk9 ò ek`hrf

fs Msdr Iurdnk, sky fstunode-

tf nf cd `dfstrd fe ckskgd nf

cd mofemod fe cd VED@ (Veovfr-

sondn Edmokedc Dutek`d nf

@xomk) y òcotdetf dmtovk nf cd

Dsd`hcfd Lfefrdc nf Rkslrd-

nk-VED@ (krldeozdmoe fstu-

nodetoc quf surlo d rdz nf cksjfmjks kmurronks fe Dyktzoedpd

fc dk pdsdnk).

8. Mk`k ustfnfs ck jdmfe

ektdr, fsd gktk guf tk`dnd fc cu-

efs = nf dlkstk pkr cd tdrnf sk-

hrf Dv. Xk Mjuruhusmk d cd dc-

turd nf pufhck nf Zkmk. _k ek

sdhd quf sus kmoeds sf femke-

trdhde dj, pfrk `f lustdrd

dmcdrdr quf fsf nd yk dmdhdhdnf sdcor nf cd Moeftfmd Edmokedc

y `f norold nf rflrfsk d cd Veo-

vfrsondn.

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fstky dmksdenk eo volocdenk. ]o

rfvosde mke nftfeoòfetk sus

prkpoks vonfks pknre mkrrk-

hkrdr quf, nfsnf jdmf dc `feks

4 dk y `fnok, grfmufetf`fe-

tf trdesotk pkr cd zked, yd quf fs

pdrtf nf ò rutd jdhotudc pdrd

nfspcdzdr`f fetrf cd Veovfrso-

ndn, cd Moeftfmd Edmokedc y Mk-

ykdme (quf ske culdrfs quf vo-

sotk hdstdetf).

>. ]khrf cd m`drd9 sky d-

mokednk d cd gktklrdgd (ued dm-

tovondn quf jdhd nfidnk nf

cdnk y djkrd oetfetk rftk`dr) y,

mk`k cds pfrskeds quf `f mk-

ekmfe pknrde mkrrkhkrdr, grf-

mufetf`fetf mdrlk cd m`drd

mkeòlk, costd pdrd mdptu-

rdr mudcquofr o`dlfe quf ccd`f

ò dtfemoe1 fsd kmdsoe tkùe pdr nf tk`ds nfsnf fc pufe-

tf pfdtkedc jdmod fc Rkeofetf y

ued nf cks DV^K] (quf ek nf

sus kmoeds) d cd dcturd nf cd md-

ccf (cfs dniuetk cds o`lfefs, fs-

pfrdenk quf stds mkrrkhkrfe

quf ek jdy dmksk nf ò pdrtf).

Mke ck detfrokr fe `fetf, fs-

pfrk quf fetofende ck nfsmke-

mfrtdnk quf `f sfet dc cffr cks

sfdcdòfetks quf skhrf ` pu-

hcomdrke. Duequf fetofenk fc

mco`d nf pfrsfmumoe jdmod fcpfroknos`k oenfpfenofetf (quf

jky `s quf euemd dpuetd jd-

mod ustfnfs), ek nfik nf sfetor`f

`kcfstk (y jdstd tf`frksk) pkr

fc mketfeonk nf su puhcomdmoe,

pkr ck quf fspfrk quf pufnde

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quf sus (tde cd`fetdhcfs) sfdcd-

TVF EK DMK]D D MKE^XDCEFDDMCDXD

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md fe cd `dek.

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lrdnk quf ck sugrfe ustfnfs, jf

vovonk fe mdref prkpod fc dmk-

sk y cd oetoòndmoe. Fsk `f ccf-

vd d skcondrozdr`f mke ustfnfs

pkr fc `dc `k`fetk quf fste

pdsdenk, pfrk td`hoe `f jdmf

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cds gktklrdgds f oegkr`dmoe

quf puhcomdrke pufnde tfefr

skhrf ò oetflrondn. Fstky `s

quf nospufstk d quf dmcdrf`ks

fstd sotudmoe nf cd gkr`d quf

rfsuctf `s mkevfeofetf pdrd

ustfnfs (y pdrd `, mcdrk fst)1

eks pknf`ks rfueor, so ustfnfs

mkesonfrde efmfsdrok, k rfmurror

d cds oestdemods cfldcfs quf mke-

sonfrfe pfrtoefetfs.

Duequf rfdc`fetf mrfk quf

mk`ftofrke ue tfrrohcf frrkr

mke su puhcomdmoe, ek `f lus-

tdrd nfidr pdsdr cd kpkrtueondnnf fxprfsdr ò dnòrdmoe pkr

cd lrde cdhkr quf jdmfe. ]ke

ùy vdcofetfs dc dsuòr cks pf-

colrks nf jdmfr pfroknos`k nf

vfrndn fe ue pds mk`k stf.

Tufnk pfenofetf nf su rfs-

pufstd y nosmucpfe so fc mkrrfk

guf oeefmfsdrod`fetf cdrlk.

Msdr Iurdnk Dcdeoz

Fst jkstoldenk fc `dc

lkhofrek nf QFeroqufP

Rfd quofe sf femufetrd

dc hkrnf nfc nfspfdnfrk pfrk

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ek sck fst fe Kdxdmd.

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oegkBmketrdcoefd.mk`.`x

gdmfhkka.mk`/Mketrdcoefd

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cumjdenk. Wovk fe Tufrtdrk

y dqu jde jdhonk nks

`drmjds nf `dfstrks y

trdhdidnkrfs nfc Oestotutk

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y ]frvomoks ]kmodcfs nf cks

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d cds mudcfs jf dsostonk. _

duequf cd `s rfmofetf fstuv

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fc idrne proemopdc, pufs jdstd

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sofrrd ccfldrke.

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9/68


10/68

MKE^XDRKNFX


KROEOE

RFD TVFXD ]FX EK^DXOK

Cd rfpkrtfrd road Jfreenfz (Xfgkr`d, 8=

nf iucok nf 8246), dc rfgfrorsf d cd prfsfemodnf Feroquf Rfd Eoftk fe fc jk`fedif dc

dhkldnk-ektdrok Gdustk Xomk (quofe guf dfstrknfc oequocoek nf Cks Roeks, fe cd ueovfrsondn nfcKpus Nfo, cd Rded`fromded) y fc rfcfvk nf stffe fc ektdrodnk `fxomdek, oegkr`d d cks cfmtkrfsnf cd mkegfsoe phcomd nfc td`hoe grfmufetfjuspfn nf Rdcdmok Edmokedc, fstk pdrd o`pro-òrcf dc mdrlk ue mdroz jostromk. Fe pdcdhrds nfcprkpok Rfd9 Juhofsf qufronk sfr dclued vfzektdrok, pfrk fc nfstoek y cd vond eks nfpdr ktrk

mdòek, cfs noik Rfd d ueks 822 ektdroks d cksquf cfs rfmft ue nos-mursk nf 86 òeutks,uek nf cks `s cdrlksquf jd ndnk. Tujuhofrd pdsdnk so Rfdgufrd ektdrok;

Cds ektdrds fe cdsfetondnfs y cd mdpotdc nfc pds ske ue hkte nfcks nfslkhfrednkrfsquf nde fsd pdtfetf d sus dò-lks, gdòcodrfs y m`pcomfs1 quofefs jfrfnde fsf

provocflok quf, mke cds rfcdmokefs nf cks pknfrfsphcomk y provdnk, ske ued òed nf krk, òfetrdsfc rfstk nf cks ektdroks, nfidnks nf cd `dek nfcks pknfrksks, d nurds pfeds detofefektdenksusnfspdmjks. _ m`k ske efmfsdroks fsks dhkld-nks quf nde gf phcomd nf cks dmtks y jfmjks mkefc pknfr iurnomk nf su r`d! D cd fikrRfd Eof-tk, yd grdmdsdnk pkctomd`fetf, juhofrd sonk ueprspfrk ektdrok, y mk`k fsds dvfs quf mruzde

fcpdetdeknf cd mkrrupmoe y ek sf demjde (kj

Ndz @ore!), ek fstuvofrd djkrd mk`k prfsuetmkrruptk mke su fspksd mke cds cdrlds quf eks jfstdnk ndenk fc sfkr Worlocok Denrdnf skhrf c

mdsd hcdemd, fc oeùfhcf nf Cuos Wonfldrdy y f`prfsdrok nf cks skhkreks.

Tu juhofrd pdsdnk so Rfd Eoftk ek gufrprfsonfetf; Nofz jostkrodnkrfs jde fspfmucdnk drfspfmtk, fe ue cohrk nfJostkrod vortudcquf noroloEodcc Gfrluske (fnotkrodc ^durus). Nfc òs``knk quf fs oetoc cd`fetdrsf nf ck pdsdnk, sfle fstf drlu`fetk, fs td`hoe oetoc prflue

tdrsf m`k pknrd jdhfrsf fvotdnk ck quf fs ncd`fetdrsf. Fc mdsfs quf ek pkmks `fxmdeks cd`fetd`ks quRfd sfd fc totucdr nRknfr Fifmutovk gfnfrdc, pkr m`k jd norlonk fc toènf cd ed

fstdtdc. Mrfyfetf nf cd prfnftfròedmoe, Rfnoik quf fc nfstoek y cd vond o`ponofrke quf gufrektdrok. Mufetde quf guf su tk Drturk @ketof

trds fc grdmdsk nf stf pkr dspordr d cd Rrfsonfemod nf eufstrd mdnd vfz `feks rfphcomd y ùe Fstdnk ueotdrok y pkr tdetk detorrfpuhcomdek, quofe cf oesosto nfsnf quf stf frd lkhfednkr nfc Fstdnk nf @xomk `ftfrsf nf ccfek cd hsqufnd nf cd mdenondturd prfsonfemodc, tknvfz quf trds cd grustrdnd dctfredemod nf WomfetGkx-Gfcopf Mdcnfre, fc Rdrtonk XfvkcumokedroOestotumokedc pknrd rflrfsdr dc mdrlk quf kstfe

Cds ektdrds fe cds fetondnfs gf-nfrdtovds ske ue hkte nf cks lkhfr-ednkrfs9 stks nde fsd pdtfetf d susdòlks, gdòcodrfs y m`pcomfs

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11/68

www.mketrdcoefd.mk`.`x 4

MKE^XDRKNFX KROEOE

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Tu juhofrd pdsdnk so cks sdcoeostds ek dsf-soedrde d Cuos Nkedcnk Mkcksok; Tu juhofrd

pdsdnk so Mdrcks ]dcoeds ek juhofrd fsmklonk dFrefstk Yfnocck, y qu juhofrd pdsdnk so stf,`drruccfrk, jkòmond nf Dmtfdc, ek juhofrd

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mdtk Edmokedc nfrdhdidnkrfs nf cd

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Cuos Wonfldrdyek juhofrde rf`d-nkd gdvkr nf Rfd;Tu juhofrd pd-sdnk so ^fcfvosdek dpkyd d Rfd

ek prfmosd`fetflrdtos1 y so Rfdek sf juhofrd md-sdnk mke Delco-md Xovfrd; Tujuhofrd pdsdnk so]kroded, @kefx,fc ^rohuedc Fcfmtkrdc nfc Rknfr Iunomodc nf cdGfnfrdmoe, fc fetkemfs Oestotutk Gfnfrdc Fcfm-tkrdc (djkrd Oestotutk Edmokedc Fcfmtkrdc) y cksvktks mdutovks nfc vofik pros`k dpkydnkr nf cd

Fxprkpodmoe Rftrkcfrd ek juhofrde mkemurronkd o`pkefr cd prromd vomtkrod d Rfd; Eoeluednf fstds prfluetds tfenrde culdr so Rfd, trdssu comfemodturd fe fc Kpus Nfo (nf dqu cf vofefck nf provdtozdr,pode-podeotk, mke su rfgkr`d `scdhkrdc quf fnumdtovd, d cd fnumdmoe phcomd),juhofrd khtfeonk nf su tk @ketofc ued ektdrd,y fe fstf dmtk ektdrodc juhofrd sonk uek nf cks822 ektdroks quf dsostofrke...

Rfrk fc nfstoek y cd vond, fe ued oetfrprf-tdmoe nftfròeostd, nfmonofrke quf Rfd guf-rd prfsonfetf. Tu sdcvdnd sf juhofrd ndnk cdedmoe! Ek fstuvord`ks `ftonks jdstd fc mklktfytde prketk fe cd mrosos quf sf eks fst voeofenk

femo`d, mk`k d cks lroflks. Ved mrosos fmkeò-md nf cd `dleotun nf ue tsuedò, deuemodnk yd`s pkhrfzd, `s nfsf`pcfk, mfrk mrfmoòfetkfmkeòmk, prfsupufstk nf hdsf mfrk, fs nfmor, nfued dustfrondn mk`k ue mkmtfc nf pkctomds mcd-sostds, dlotdmoe skmodc, oefstdhocondn pkctomd, d-ykr dlrdvdòfetk nf cd nfund, dsfsoedtks (@dra

Hcytj, Dustfrondn,jostkrod nf ued onfd

pfcolrksd, fnotkrodcMrtomd).

]o Rfd ju-hofrd sonk ektd-rok d ck `fikr cks`fxoqufesfs ju-hofrde ldednk uehufe dhkldnkfxpfrtk fe fsks`fefstfrfs. _ fcpds ek fstuvof-rd, pufs, pcdldnknf mkeomtks, nf

md`hoks fstrum-turdcfs soe tke eoske y quf, cks nfcd provdtozdmoepftrkcfrd fstefe fc ronmuck gd-vkrfmofenk d ]d-

coeds fe culdr nf ccfvdr d mdhk mkesuctds mk`knomtd cd Mkestotumoe Rkctomd nf cks Fstdnks Veo-nks @fxomdeks, mke cks nfspcdetfs dutkrotdroksnf Rfd, nf Mjudygftt y fc f`pkhrfmoòfetk

nfspodndnk nf `s nf cd òtdn nf cd pkhcdmoe.]o juhofrd sonk ektdrok Rfd, tknk fstk ek fstdrdpdsdenk. Rfd fs nf cks mrfyfetfs fe cd prfnfsto-edmoe jostromd9 cd onfd nf quf cks dmketfmoòfe-tks fste, nf dclued `defrd, prfprklrd`dnks, yck quf jd sonk, tfed quf sfr. Kcvond quf jdyrfmtomdmokefs. _ quf ednd fst prfnftfròed-nk.

NDWON

@DEXOT

VF


12/68


DX^MVCKKROEOE

@ZOMK _ ]V OEWODHCF

Cd rfotfrdnd fxolfemod quf fc prkpok sfmtkr

f`prfsdrodc nfc pds vofef jdmofenk nfsnf

jdmf ue pdr nf `fsfs d cd dmtudc dnòeos-trdmoe, pdrd quf sf fifmutf ue md`hok fe cd dmtudc

pkctomd fmkeòmd mke fc khiftovk oe`fnodtk nf

mrfdr s f`pcfks y rfnumor cd pkhrfzd, fs cd pruf-

hd oenosmutohcf nf quf fc knfck efkcohfrdc jd ccf-

ldnk d cdspufrtds nf ue mdccfie soe sdconddc quf cf mke-

nuik cd dprkhdmoe nf cds rfgkr`ds fstrumturdcfs.

Cd mdnd fe cks prfmoks oetfredmokedcfs nfc pf-

trcfk y dc nfscozdòfetk nfc pfsk grfetf dc ncdr

jde tfròednk pkr ndr cdpuetoccdd cks khiftovks nf

mrfmoòfetk fmkeòmk trdzdnks dc oeomok nfc sf-

xfeok, y quf mke cd pufstd fe drmjd nf rfgkr`ds,mk`k cd fefrltomd y cd cdhkrdc, supufstd`fetf

nftkedrd cd hkedezd y cd mrfdmoe nf òcfs nf

pufstks nf trdhdik fe fc pds. ^knk oenomd quf cks

hufeks nfsfks nf cd tfmekmrdmod jde tk`dnk mdrtds

nf edturdcozdmoefe fc pds nfc euemd id`s.

Djkrd, fe `fnok nf ued sfvfrd mrosos fmke-

òmd de ek dmfptdnd pkr cd pdrtf kmodc y fc

deuemok nf cd dpcomdmoe nf ue prfsupufstk hdsf

mfrk pdrd 8247 quf, nf dmufrnk mke ck deuemod-

nk, o`pcomdr ued rfoelfeofrd edemofrd quf

kptoòmf cks `dlrks rfmursks phcomks fvotdenknupcomondn nf guemokefs y cklrdenk soleomdtovks

djkrrks, fc lkhofrek gfnfrdc nfhfr `kstrdr ue

pkmk nf mkelrufemod so ek nfsfd quf fc pds sf cf

vdyd nf cds `deks.

]o nf kptoòzdr y fmkekòzdr rfmursks sf trdtd,

ccfl fc `k`fetk nf rfstroelor provocfloks fe cds

dctds fsgfrds nfc pknfr phcomk nkenf jdhotd, ùy

dcfidnd nf cd pdcdhrd mrosos, cd hurkmrdmod nkrdnd

quf pkr nmdnds jd sonk skcdpdnd pkr fc Fstdn

`fxomdek y su mcdsf pkctomd. ]o fe mdnd uek nf ck

rnfefs nf lkhofrek, ùeomopdc, fstdtdc y gfnfrdsf rfnumfe cks sufcnks nf sus dctks guemokedrok

ck òs`k quf fe krldeos`ks mdrks f oesfrvohcf

mk`k fc Oestotutk Edmokedc Fcfmtkrdc1 fc Oestotut

Edmokedc nf ^rdespdrfemod, Dmmfsk d cd Oegkr`d

moe y Rrktfmmoe nf Ndtks Rfrskedcfs1 y fc rohu

edc Fcfmtkrdc nfc Rknfr Iunomodc nf cd Gfnfrdmo

nkenf sus mkesfifrks pfrmohfe oelrfsks òccked

roks, ck òs`k quf fe ktrds oestotumokefs mk`k c

Mkòsoe Edmokedc nf cks Nfrfmjks Ju`deks

jdstd cd prkpod ]uprf`d Mkrtf nf Iustomod nf

Edmoe, cds fmkek`ds d cds edezds phcomds sfrde mkesonfrdhcfs.

Ek fs vconk, eo `krdc`fetf dmfptdhcf, hdi

eoelued ptomd, quf ofetrds, mk`k ck oegkr`

Mkesfik Edmokedc nf Fvdcudmoe nf cd Rkctomd n

Nfsdrrkcck ]kmodc, uek nf mdnd nks `fxomdeks

femufetrd fe ue rdelk nf pkhrfzd 66.= òccke

nf jdhotdetfs, ue rfnumonk lrupk nf provocflod

nks lkmf nf mdekeids d cds quf eo soquofrd sus jk

`cklks fe cks pdsfs nfc pro`fr uenk dmmfnf

Cd òs`d mcdsf f`prfsdrodc fst mkesmofetf nf qu

yd ek pufnf mdrlrsfcf cd dekd quofefs nfsnf jdm=2 dks vofefe skpkrtdenk skhrf sus fspdcnds

pfsk nf rfpftonks frrkrfs fmkeòmks prkyfmt

nks nfsnf cds kmoeds nfc Hdemk nf @xomk y

]fmrftdrd nf Jdmofend y Mrnotk Rhcomk, nke

nf nfspdmjde cks guemokedroks quf sf jde fqu

vkmdnk ued y ktrd vfz pkr khfnfmfr cds pkctom

edemofrds nf cks krldeos`ks oetfredmokedcfs so

tk`dr fe mkesonfrdmoe fc hofefstdr skmodc nf cd

XV^D FMKE@OMD@DXÊ F]RDXYD GCKXF],]FMXF DXOK LFEFXDC NFC ]OENOMD^K @FZOMDEK NF

FCFM^XOMO]^D]


13/68


DX^MVCK KROEOE

`dykrds. Cks rfsuctdnks efldtovks fste d cd vostd

nf tknks.

Fe fstd nksos nf sfetonk mkè, fc lkhofrek fe

turek nfhf ccfvdr d cd rfdcondn cd dpcomdmoe nf cd

Cfy nf Nosmopcoed Goedemofrd, fe muyk mketfeonk

sf fstdhcfmf cd prkjohomoe d cks lkhofreks fstdtd-cfs y ùeomopdcfs d mketrdtdr nf `defrd orrfspke-

sdhcf nfund phcomd, y cd puhcomdmoe nf cd tktd-

condn nf sus f`prstotks y khcoldmokefs nf pdlk

quf nfhfre qufndr sdcndnks = `fsfs detfs nf

mkemcuor sus pfroknks.

Fc mk`prkòsk pkr nosòeuor cks `ketks nf

fenfundòfetk tdetk fe cds fetondnfs gfnfrdtovds

mk`k fe fc lkhofrek gfnfrdc fs soe nund ue oed-

pcdzdhcf dsuetk nf supfrvovfemod pdrd cd prfsfetf

dnòeostrdmoe quf yd jd fstdhcfmonk ue rmkrn

jostromk fe fc `hotk nf cd nfund phcomd. Fe fcrfelce nfc mrfmoòfetk nf cd nfund nf cds =8 fe-

tondnfs gfnfrdtovds, sf rflostr, nf 8248 dc prfsfe-

tf dk, ue oemrf`fetk nfc 82 pkr mofetk, dc pdsdr

nf >=8 òc òcckefs nf pfsks d 642 òc òcckefs.

Fe fc `hotk gfnfrdc, cds mogrds ske de `s

dcdr`detfs, pufs nf 8248 d 8246 cd nfund phcomd

mrfmo fe 8 hocckefs 462 oc =88 occkefs nf pfsks1

fs nfmor, mdso 4 hocce pkr dk, pdrd dcmdezdr ue

fenfundòfetk tktdc nfc sfmtkr phcomk nf < hocck-

efs 62= òc 44< òcckefs. Ck prfkmupdetf fs quf

cks ùctoòcckedroks f`prstotks ek sf jde vostkrffidnks fe fc dtrkdnk mrfmoòfetk fmkeòmk

y ùmjk `feks fe fc cdmfrdnk eovfc nf vond nf

òcckefs nf fxomdeks.

Cd mcdsf pkctomd nfhf dsuòr cks mkstks nf

jdhfr ccfvdnk d cks fxtrf`ks su `knfck nf pro-

vdtozdmoe nf `s nf 4 òc f`prfsds phcomds f

oegrdfstrumturds mdrrftfrds quf mucòedrke fe

su otoefrdrok detoedmokedcostd mke sus o`pufs-

tds rfgkr`ds quf mk`k cd fefrltomd husmde

fetrfldr fc pftrcfk, cd fcfmtromondn, fc lds, cks

òefrdcfs y nf`s roqufzds edturdcfs, nf gkr`dprfgfrfetf, dc mdpotdc fxtrdeifrk.

Xfgkr`ds mk`k cd cdhkrdc jde nfspkidnk nf

sus nfrfmjks d òcckefs nf trdhdidnkrfs, skhrf

tknk d cks ivfefs quf oeomode su vond prknumtovd,

eflenkcfs fc dmmfsk d cd sflurondn skmodc, d cd fs-

tdhocondn cdhkrdc y ue sdcdrok rfùefrdnkr1 ktrds,

mk`k cd fnumdtovd, mkenumfe d cd oeòefetf pro-

vdtozdmoe nf cd fsmufcd phcomd y dc nfsponk nf

òcfs nf `dfstrks fe fc pds, dsk`denk fe fc jk-

rozketf nf cds dlrfsokefs skmodcfs cd oetfemoe nf

provdtozdr cks sfrvomoks nf sdcun, fc dhdstk nf dlud

y cd dpcomdmoe nfc OWD fe dco`fetks y `fnomoeds.

_ pkr so fstds mdcdòndnfs ek hdstdrde, cd

nfvdcudmoe nf eufstrd `kefnd oemonor norfmtd-`fetf fe fc dczd nf tknks cks prknumtks nf o`pkr-

tdmoe quf sf dnquofrfe d topk ncdr, skhrf tknk

cks dco`fetks quf nfid`ks nf prknumor pkr sfluor

dcpof nf cd cftrdcds nfsvfetdiksds khcoldmokefs `fr-

mdetocfs nfc ^rdtdnk nf Cohrf Mk`frmok nf D`-

romd nfc Ekrtf. Eufvd`fetf quofefs jdhre nf

pdldr fc mkstk nf cd oemkrrfmtd fstrdtflod fmke-

òmd sfre cks quf `feks tofefe,

Nf ednd vdcf quf cks rfspkesdhcfs nf cd pcd-

efdmoe fmkeòmd sf fsmunfe fe drlu`fetks

tdcfs mk`k quf fc pds fst hcoendnk pdrd rfsostorf`hdtfs `dmrkfmkeòmks, dnumofenk quf cks

md`hoks fe cd pdrondn md`hodrod ek tfenre fgfm-

tks oedmokedroks. Cd rfmfsoe quf fegrfetd fc pds

jd tfròednk pkr pdrdcozdr fc mrfmoòfetk fmke-

òmk uhomenkck fe ue mrmuck vomoksk nfc quf cd

tfmekmrdmod efkcohfrdc ek quofrf sdcor.

Rfrk d pfsdr nf quf cds fvonfemods skhrf cd

frrtomd pkctomd fmkeòmd ske dhru`dnkrds sf

oesostf fe vovor fe fc frrkr. Fc grdmdsk nf cd Xkend

Vek, quf nfhd sfr cdpofnrd delucdrnf cd fspfrd-

nd hkedezd edmokedc, djkrd husmd sfr rffnotdnk,fe su sfluend ftdpd, fxohocozdenk cks rfquosotks

pdrd cks oevfrsokeostds, sfle ck deuemo cd Mk-

òsoe Edmokedc nf Jonrkmdrhurks. Ek quofrf

dmfptdrsf quf fc nfrru`hf nfc `frmdnk pftrkcfrk

jd nfvdcudnk d eufstrks rfmursks pftrkcfrks quf

djkrd eo d prfmok nf ldeld ske dnquoronks pkr cks

mkeskrmoks oetfredmokedcfs. _ mdhf prfluetdrsf9

pkr qu oesostor fe sfluorcks provdtozdenk;

Djkrd `s quf euemd fst hofe mcdrd cd ur-

lfemod nf ue md`hok nf norfmmoe fe cd pkctomd

fmkeòmd detfs nf quf cd edmoe qufnf jfmjdtrozds1 soe f`hdrlk, fc rfmcd`k lfefrdcozdnk quf

khcoluf d rfmtomdr fc ru`hk nfhfr surlor nfsnf

cks `kvoòfetks skmodcfs, pkrquf fst mk`prk-

hdnk quf nfsnf cds fsgfrds nfc pknfr ek fxostf fc

`fekr dsk`k pkr sdcvdr d cd edmoe. rfoetd dks

nf nfsdmofrtks y mrosos mmcomds djkrd tofefe d cd

òtdn nf cks `fxomdeks fe cd pkhrfzd. Fs jkrd nf

rfmtomdr.


14/68

DX^MVCK

4> 4< nf dlkstk nf 8246

KROEOE

@VFX^F

IKXLF @FCFENFY RXFMODNK,RFXOKNO]^D

Xuhe Fspoeksd Hfmfrroc y Ednod Wfrd

Rrfz, nks nf cds moemk pfrskeds dsfso-ednds fe cd mkckeod Edrvdrtf, fe fc Nos-

trotk Gfnfrdc, nfeuemodrke quf jdhde sonk rf-proònks pkr cds `dc ccd`dnds gufrzds nfc krnfenf Idvofr Nudrtf y quf pkr fcck jdhde sdconk nfWfrdmruz.

Dc pfroknostd ck dpdcfdrke fe vdrods kmdsokefs(ued, fc 4> nf gfhrfrk nf 824>, ck mudc nfeue-mo detf cd Mkòsoe nf Nfrfmjks Ju`deks nfcNostrotk Gfnfrdc, MNJNG) y noik quf ek quf-rd sfr cd prxo`d vmto`d, sfle mk`fetd su

dòlk y mk`pdfrk nf tdrfds Ek Ydvdcftd, d_uco Ldrmd feFc Veovfrsdc fcfvosoe(> nf dlkstknf 8246). Fsk ck tfede ùy mcdrk vdroks mk`-pdfrks nf kmok quf ck dpkydhde nf nogfrfetfs

`defrds, oemcusk `keotkrfdenk sus pdsks (Dcf-idenrk @fcenfz noxot).

Ednod, pkr su pdrtf joid nf ued pkftd mjod-pdefmd, frd dmtovostd skmodc y pdrtomopdetf nfclrupk _k ]ky4=8. Guf dlrfnond fe Wfrdmruz fe8248 y fe 824=, dc pdrtomopdr fe kvocozdmokefs dgdvkr nf mdusds skmodcfs. ûvk rfcdmoe mke vdroks

oegkr`dnkrfs, fetrf fccks Rfnrk Mdemj, d quofeXkhfrtk Hkrlf femdrmfc ? `fsfs fe TuoetdedXkk, y fs jkrd quf fc lkhfrednkr ek sf nosmucpdmke Rfnrk ek khstdetf ued rfmk`fendmoe nf cdMkòsoe Edmokedc nf cks Nfrfmjks Ju`deks(MENJ). Oestotumoe d cd quf rfpftond`fetf cks`dendtdroks ek cf jdmfe mdsk.

Djkrd sdhf`ks quf cds ktrds vmto`ds ske cdsfkrd Kcovod Dcfidenrd Eflrftf, quf guf d dsfdr

cd mdsd, ued mkck`hoded nf ek`hrf @ocf Worl

eod @drte y cd fstocostd _fsfeod Tuorkz Dcgdrk.Cd Rrkmurdnurd nfc Nostrotk Gfnfrdc jd tfe

nk lrdvfs trkpofzks. Rro`frk noik quf cd dsdmrsf nfho d ue rkhk, dclk quf cf pdrfmo oemkrrfmtk d Ikdque Cpfz-Nrold (@ocfeok, > nf dlkstnf 8246) pkrquf ek sf `dtd mke tdc sdd pkr ujurtk. ^d`hoe sfdc cd nfpfenfemod mdptdcoed quf ek sf pknd jdhcdr nf pfrsfmumoe ue gktlrdgk pkrquf Xuhe fstdhd nfsf`pcfdnkek khstdetf quf mkcdhkrdhd fe cd rfvostdRrkmfy fstdhd pkr r`dr ue mketrdtk mke cd dlfem

Mudrtksmurk, nf Rfnrk Wdctofrrd. _ cds o`lfefs nf trfs suiftks quf dhkrndrke ue dutk`voc @ustdel, fc mudc nfidrke fe Mkykdme, nomquf ske hkrrksds y sfr nogmoc cd oevfstoldmoeduequf nfspus sf fxprfs quf fc nufk nfc dutk`voc frd ]frlok Mfrvdetfs Mkenf. Dnf`dc oeomok ek sf pcdetf oevfstoldr dc `dendtdroNudrtf quf prfsu`d9 fe Wfrdmruz eomd`fetsf rkhde grutsos y poeloeks (som fenuczdnk).

Grfetf d fstd eufvd `dtdezd jde prktfstdnnovfrsds krldeozdmokefs, fetrf fccds cd MENJ, c

MNJNG, fc Dctk Mkòsokednk nf cd Krldeozdmoe nf cds Edmokefs Veonds pdrd cks NfrfmjkJu`deks, Dèostd Oetfredmokedc, cd ]kmofndOetfrd`fromded nf Rrfesd, Grffnk` Jkusf_ fc dsuetk jd sonk dhkrndnk mke ùmjd dtfemoe pkr cks nodroks `s o`pkrtdetfs nfc krhfDs, pufs, fs uedpdpd mdcofetfquf ek sfr gmoc ndpdldr.

@s de, @olufc elfc @demfrd, ifgf md

DEVEMODND


15/68


DX^MVCK KROEOE

potdcoek, ek tofef eo nfhf mdrldr mke cks dsue-tks nf Idvofr Nudrtf, quf mke fc mdsk nf Xuhesu`d 46 dsfsoedtks o`puefs nf pfroknostds y = nf dlkstk nf8246). Fc `kefrkfs nf cks `fikrfs y puhcomd fe fcpfronomk@ocfeok.

Muroksd`fetf, fc =2 nf iueok pdsdnk, fe uesupufstk dmtk pkrcd cohfrtdn nf fx-prfsoe, Nudrtfsfdc quf ù-

mjks pfroknostdsfstdhde mkcuno-nks mke fc edrmk-trmk1 quf tknks

mkekmde d cks oe-vkcumrdnks y cksccd` d pkrtdrsfhofe, yd quf sokmurrd dclk lrd-vf d c ck ohde dmucpdr y sdmro-

mdr. Xdrd oetfr-vfemoe, yd qufdetfs fe nomjkfemufetrk mke tfmcfdnkrfs, rogdhd jdstd mdrrks pdrdcks quf ck dnucdhde. ]fdcd hofe Nfeosf @dfafr(Fc Veovfrsdc, > nf dlkstk nf 8246), so dclk sdhd fcguemokedrok, su nfhfr frd mdstoldr d cks rfspkesd-hcfs y ek jdmfrcfs dnvfrtfemods.

Fxtrdd`fetf, ue mkcuèostd (Fc Veovfrsdc,= nf dlkstk nf 8246) sfdcd quf, sfle gufetfsmkedhcfs, fc dsuetk nf cd `dsdmrf pufnf sfr

pkr cks nf edrmktrmk, nfhonk d quf fetrf cdsvmto`ds fst ued mkck`hoded. Duequf sus oegkr-`detfs cf noifrke dc fc ek`hrf nf fsd pfrsked,d quofe ccd` _fsfeod (som), fe culdr nf @ocf.

D fstf topk nf pfroknos`k ck mkesonfrd dmfr-tdnd`fetf Iucok Jfreenfz Cpfz mk`k mded-ccd (Cd Ikrednd, > nf dlkstk nf 8246). _ fs qufdpdrtf nf `dtdrcks, djkrd d Xuhe y d Ednod sfcfs rfvomtoòzd, nundenk nf cds mdusds quf nfgfe-

nofrke y sfdcenkcks mk`k edrmks.Fcck fs su`d`fetf prfkmupdetf. D`hks,

Fspoeksd y Wfrd, sfdcdrke m`k nfsnf cd dn-òeostrdmoe nf Gonfc Jfrrfrd Hfctre y djk-rd mke Nudrtf Cks Yftds sf jde dnufdnk nfc

fstdnk. Xfmkrnf`ks9 cks joiks nf Feroquf RfdEoftk gufrke d Wfrdmruz y sus fsmkctds sf tuvof-rke quf fegrfetdr mke fsf mrtfc quf mkhrd nf-rfmjk nf posk y mketoed fe fc trdsoflk nf cdsnrklds.

Rkr fsk dmtudc`fetf cks idrkmjks tofefe nkspfcolrks9 cks edrmktrdmdetfs y ue lkhofrek oe-

fmdz y jdstd

mkcunonk mke cks`dcksks.

Mdrcks Ruol

(@ocfeok, = nf dlks-tk nf 8246) nomfquf sf jde mrfdnknovfrsds kmoeds

pdrd prktfmmoed oegkr`dnkrfsmke eucks rfsuctd-nks. _ Ifss ]ocvdJfrzkl (Xfgkr`d,nf`) sfdcd qufcd oesflurondn

nfc pfroknostd fscd oesflurondn nftknks.

Fe @xomk jde dsfsoednk, nf 8222 d cd gf-mjd, d 422 pfroknostds, `s quf fe cd lufrrd nfWofted` k fe cds hdtdccds fe Krofetf (Cuos Rrd-nks,Fc Rds, 6 nf dlkstk nf 8246). Ednof nf cksguemokedroks sf jdmf rfspkesdhcf nf oendldr `-eo`d`fetf.

ôfef ùmjd rdze ]frlok Dludyk (Xfgkr`d,6 nf dlkstk nf 8246)9 fs efmfsdrok ue nodles-

tomk prfmosk nf cd sotudmoe nf cks pfroknostds feWfrdmruz, dclk quf nfhfe rfdcozdr cd MENJ y cdGosmdcd Fspfmodc pdrd cd Dtfemoe d Nfcotks mk-`ftonks fe mketrd nf cd Cohfrtdn nf Fxprfsoe,nf cd Rrkmurdnurd Lfefrdc nf cd Xfphcomd, jkyd mdrlk nf Xomdrnk Eifrd.

Fspfrf`ks quf ek pdsfe cks nds soe rfsuctd-nks mcdrks, dclk quf sdhf`ks jd kmurronk nfsnffc dsfsoedtk nf @deufc Hufend.

NDWON

@DEXOTVF


16/68


DX^MVCKKROEOE

DED_D K MKXXDC9 RFX]O]^F

Fc prfnk`oeok nf cd uctrdnfrfmjd fe fc Rdr-

tonk Dmmoe Edmokedc (RDE) fst ldrdeto-zdnk, sfd mke Xomdrnk Dedyd k mke Idvofr

Mkrrdc mk`k prfsonfetf nf fsf pdrtonk.

@ofetrds quf Dedyd rfovoenomd dhofrtd`fe-

tf dc lkhofrek lfekmond y mkegfsokedc nf Gfcopf

Mdcnfre, Mkrrdc fxjohf ue nosmursk `s mrto-

mk y sfesdtk, pfrk fetrf sus pdrtondroks mufetd d

nfstdmdnks yuequostds y uctrdmkesfrvdnkrfs.

Dedyd9 trdsekmjdnky

dpkcklostd nf Mdcnfre

Fe su prkpdldend, Xo-

mdrnk Dedyd Mkrts

jdmf dcdrnf nf su vk-

cuetdn nf rfekvdr dc

RDE y jdmfrck `s

`knfrek y dhofrtk d cd skmofndn (vdsf romdr-

nkdedyd.mk`.`x), pfrk fsds prk`fsds ek sf rfgf-

rfe d `knogmdr cds tfenfemods mkesfrvdnkrds nf

fsf pdrtonk, soek quf mkestotuyfe `frds mkesol-eds nfc pkctomk pdeostd, pdcdhrds soe mketfeonk

eo sustfetk.

Dhkldnk nf prkgfsoe y edmonk fe fc `ueomopok

nf Edumdcpde, Fstdnk nf @xomk, fe 4?


17/68


DX^MVCK KROEOE

nok, mke Idvofr Mkrrdc, su mke-

troemdetf fe cd mketofend pkr cd

prfsonfemod nfc RDE.

Fe fsd kmdsoe, Mkrrdc Iu-

rdnk dmus d Dedyd nfc nfsvk

nf 82 `occkefs nf pfsks mudenkfrd mkkrnoednkr nf cd hdemdnd

pdeostd d proemopoks nf dk, mke

fc ge nf jdmfr femufstds pdrd

su pkstfrokr ek`oedmoe mk`k

mdenondtk. Dgr` Mkrrdc9 ^fe-

lk tfsto`keoks ektdrodcfs y vdrods

tdhcfts quf rfpdrtofrke nurdetf

fc `fs nf dhroc y `dyk, oemcusk

mke fc skgtwdrf, cks oestrumtovks,

cks vonfks y cds nks dpcomdmok-

efs pdrd nftfmtdr so`pdtozde-tfs pdrd su mdenondturd (www.

fxmfcsokr.mk`.`x/edmokedc/8246/

2


18/68

4: 4< nf dlkstk nf 8246

DX^MVCKKROEOE

cks nfpsotks fe fgfmtovk y fc o`pufstk f`prf-

sdrodc d tdsd eomd1 pkr so gufrd pkmk, fc mkesfr-

vdnkr Gfcopf Mdcnfre sf f`pf fe nfstruor fc

Fstdnk cdomk, pdrd jdmfr rftrkmfnfr d eufstrk

pds d cd pkmd detfrokr d cds Cfyfs nf Xfgkr`d.]ke tf`ds nf cks quf djkrd ek cfs lustd jdhcdr

d ùmjks pdeostds, mk`k Dedyd, eo sf rfgfrfe

d fccks cd rdnok y cd tfcfvosoe, mk`k so ek juhof-

rde fxostonk, pfrk rfsuctd quf tknks cks vovo`ks

jdmf ueks mudetks dks.

Dsoòs`k, Dedyd jd fedrhkcdnk fc mkek-

monk detodhkrtos`k pdeostd, fxprfsdnk mke cd

grùcd fugf`stomd nfc supufstk rfspftk d cd

vond nfsnf cd mkemfpmoe y jdstd cd ùfrtf ed-

turdc (jttp9//pucskscp.mk`.`x/8246/2>/27/rfspf-

td-de-cd-vond-nfsnf-cd-mkemfpmoke/#stjdsj.OK2sMj48.npug). Rdrdniomd fetf, fc pdeostd quf sf nomf tde

oetrdesolfetf nfgfeskr nf cd vond fs oludc`fe-

tf rdnomdc fe su dpkyk d cd pkctomd lfekmond quf

soluo Mdcnfre.

Mkrrdc9 cks

dcodnks

oem`knks

]fednkr pkr Mjojud-

jud, Idvofr Mkrrdc Iu-

rdnk edmo fe 4?77, y fs dhkldnk y pfroknostd.

Jdmf `s nf 8 nmdnds muctovdhd su mdrrfrd pk-

ctomd dc cdnk nf Grdemosmk Hdrrok, nf muyk fquo-

pk nf md`pdd gkr` pdrtf fe cds fcfmmokefs

fstdtdcfs nf 4??8, mudenk fstf cto`k ccfl dc

lkhofrek nf cd fetondn.

Fe 822>, Mkrrdc guf mdenondtk dc lkhofrek

nf Mjojudjud pkr cd mkdcomoe RDE-Rdrtonk nf

cd Xfvkcumoe Nf`kmrtomd-Mkevfrlfemod.Mkrrdc sf jd ndnk d mkekmfr, skhrf tknk, pkr

su dmtotun mrtomd detf cks provocfloks y dhusks

nf cds tfcfvoskrds, fspfmodc`fetf nf ^fcfvosd, y

fe fcck jd mkoemononk mke pkctomks nf ktrks pdr-

tonks. ]u nosmursk nf md`pdd jd sonk ùmjk

`s rdmokedc y prklrfsostd quf fc nf Dedyd.

Mkrrdc ek fs ue pfrskedif f`hcf`tomk nf

cks pdeostds `s rfdmmokedroks, eo sf cf jd `fe-

mokednk mk`k pdrtf nf lrupks fxtrfòstds, pfrk

ccd`d cd dtfemoe quf s ck ske dclueks nf ck

pdeostds quf ck dpkyde. Fetrf fccks sf mufetd

Iude Mdrcks Xk`frk Jomas, Iks Cuos Cuflf ^

`drlk y Ded ^frfsd Drdend. D cks tknks fcck

sf cfs jd `femokednk mk`k voemucdnks dc _uequf1 Cuflf, fxtotucdr nf cd Mkòsoe Edmoke

nfc Dlud, pdrtomop td`hoe jdmf nmdnds fe

lrupk uctrdnfrfmjostd Nfsdrrkcck Ju`dek Oetf

lrdc y Dmmoe Moundnded, òfetrds quf Drdend

fxguemokedrod fe fc lkhofrek nf Womfetf Gk

pdrtomop fe cd td`hoe fxtrfòstd Dskmodmo

Edmokedc Mvomd Gf`feoed. Xk`frk Jomas rf

prfsfetd ued nf cds vfrsokefs `s mkesfrvdnk

rds nfc pdeos`k, cd quf prkvofef nf Ludediudt

fetondn nf cd quf guf lkhfrednkr (www.prkmfs

mk`.`x/;p0=>867


19/68


DX^MVCK KROEOE

NFXFMJK D CD RXKROFNDN

Fc nfrfmjk d cd prkpofndn nfhf sfr mkesonf-rdnk mk`k ue nfrfmjk guend`fetdc, pufsfst eto`d`fetf coldnk d ktrks nfrfmjksju`deks, guend`fetdcfs pdrd fc nfsdrrkcck nf cdpfrsked y nf cds mkùeondnfs.

@s nf cd òtdn nf cd pkhcdmoe ùenodc vovffe pdsfs mdrfetfs nf cfyfs fmdmfs quf prktfidecds vovofends y ktrds pksfsokefs. Ds, òcckefs nfpfrskeds ek sck vovfe suònds fe cd `s dhskcu-td pkhrfzd, td`hoe mkevovfe mke fc òfnk d sfrnfsdjumodnds y fxpucsdnds nf sus tofrrds y nf susmdsds. Dc mdrfmfr nf fsmroturds nf prkpofndn nfsus mdsds k sus md`pks ske vucefrdhcfs d mudcquofrdtrkpfcck nf pfrskeds k f`prfsds pknfrksds.

Duequf cd Nfmcdrdmoe Veovfrsdc nf cks Nfrf-mjks Ju`deks, fe su drtmuck 4


20/68

DX^MVCK


KROEOE

EVFWD NO@FE]OE

GXDE DXDIK,NOXFM^KX NF MOEF, MFE^XK NF MKCDHKXDMOKEF] ]KCONDXOD]

F

c trdhdik ek pufnf sfr ued cfy soe sfr ue

nfrfmjk, fsmrohd Wmtkr Julk, pkrquf, dc

oludc quf cks sufks, fc trdhdik ek fs ued

mkemfsoe, soek ue nfrfmjk. Fc jk`hrf efmfsotdskdr tdetk mk`k trdhdidr pdrd sfetorsf pcfek.

Fe cd dmtudcondn, fc vdckr nfc trdhdik sf rfnumf dc

mu`pcoòfetk nf ue mketrdtk cfldc, dc fifrmomok

mkrrfmtk nfc nfhfr. Rofrnf ds su no`fesoe nf

nfrfmjk oedcofedhcf nfc jk`hrf, nf vdckr fe s

òs`k pdrd mk`pcftdr cd mkenomoe ju`ded.

Fc trdhdik fs tdetk ue e mk`k ue `fnok. Fs

o`pkrtdetf ek sck pkr fc hofefstdr `dtfrodc quf

prkpkrmoked, soek td`hoe pkrquf rfmkekmf fe cd

pfrsked fc sfetonk nf su onfetondn, cd mkemofemod

nf su pufstk fe cd skmof-ndn, fc sfetoòfetk nf

fstdr oetflrdnk fe fccd.

Ednof tofef fc pk-

nfr nf mkemfnfr fc nf-

rfmjk dc trdhdik d ktrd

pfrsked, pkrquf fc

trdhdik ek sf mkemfnf,

soek quf eks pfrtfefmf pkr fc `frk jfmjk nf sfr

pfrskeds.

O`dloef`ks d ue prkgfskr o`pdrtofenk su

dsoledturd. Cks dcuèks ek sofetfe quf cfs fstjdmofenk ue gdvkr, pkrquf fs ue nfrfmjk quf cfs

pfrtfefmf pkr fc `frk jfmjk nf fstdr `dtromu-

cdnks. Fc trdhdik fs ue nfrfmjk guend`fetdc dc

òs`k eovfc quf cd fnumdmoe k cd vond, pkrquf

fc jk`hrf efmfsotd dco`fetdr tknds sus no`fe-

sokefs pdrd vovor mke noleondn. Ek fs ue gdvkr

quf sf cf mkemfnf dc moundndek, fs fc rfmkekmo-

òfetk nf ue nfrfmjk edturdc skmodc.

Fc 4 nf `dyk nf 4::7, cks trdhdidnkrfs n

Mjomdlk sdcofrke d cds mdccfs pdrd pfnor ued ik

ednd nf : jkrds y gufrke nurd`fetf rfproònk

Ek cumjdhde pkr ue mketrdtk, soek pkr su nolendn. ^rfs dks nfspus, fe cd ]fluend Oetfred

mokedc, fstd gfmjd pds d mke`f`krdr fc Nd n

^rdhdik.

Nfsnf fetkemfs cds mksds jde md`hodnk ù

mjk. Fc dvdemf nf cds tfmekcklds, cd prfmdrofnd

nf cks mketrdtks cdhkrdcfs y cd nf cds f`prfsd

jdmfe quf dsostd`ks d ued mrfmofetf nfsvdckr

zdmoe nfc trdhdik. Rro`d ued mkemfpmoe cfl

nfc trdhdik, pfrk ek pknf`ks pfrnfr nf vost

quf, detf tknk, fs ue nfrfmjk. Fe fsf sfetonk

trdhdik nfhf rfmupfrdsu vdckr, cfldc y fto`k

clomk.

Fc pro`fr pdsk pdr

rfvdckrozdr fc mkemfpt

nf trdhdik fs mk`fezd

pkr su fto`kckld. C

pdcdhrd trdhdik tofe

su krolfe fe fc tropdcou rk`dek, ue oestru`fet

nf tkrturd mk`pufstk pkr trfs pdcks d cks quf s

dtdhd dc rfk pdrd dzktdrck. Nf dj quf sf dskmo

dc trdhdik mke fc nkckr y fc fsgufrzk. Fstd mkemfpmoe efldtovd eks ccfvd d fsd vosoe nfc trdhdi

mk`k mketrdtk quf eks dtd, mk`k dmtovondn qu

o`pcomd sugroòfetk. ]o rfmupfrd`ks cd mkemfp

moe nfc trdhdik mk`k jdmfr (tk wkra) fe fc sfe

tonk nf ued dmtovondn mrfdtovd, rfmupfrdrf`ks

noleondn quf femofrrd. Fc trdhdik mk`k qufjd

mfr quf nd sfetonk d cd vond pkrquf fc jk`hr

ek fst mk`pcftk soe ued nfnomdmoe. Fstk mke

Fc trdhdik fs ue nfrfmjk guend-`fetdc, mk`k cd fnumdmoe k cd vond.Ek fs ue gdvkr quf sf cf mkemfnf dcmoundndek

k

RDXD FC ^XDHDIK


21/68


DX^MVCK KROEOE

ccfvdr d quf fc jk`hrf vdckrf su trdhdik mk`k

kpkrtueondn nf rfdcozdrsf y ek sck mk`k gufetf

nf oelrfsks. Fc trdhdik mk`k e `s quf mk`k

`fnok.Ktrd onfd quf jdmf gdctd nfpurdr fs cd fquo-

pdrdmoe fetrf trdhdik y f`pcfk. Fc f`pcfk tofef

ued mkeektdmoe purd`fetf fmkeòmd. ]ck fs

trdhdik dqufcck quf dpkrtd oelrfsks, ds quf fc trd-

hdik nk`stomk qufnd nfsvdckrozdnk.

Fe cd rfvdckrozdmoe nfc trdhdik nfetrk nfc

`drmk cfldc, fc Fstdnk iufld ue pdpfc ùy o`-

pkrtdetf. Nfhf fquopdrdr fc nfrfmjk dc trdhdik

mke fc nfhfr nf trdhdidr, pkrquf nfsmk`pfesd-

moe fetrf nfhfr y nfrfmjk fs oludc d cd oeiustomod

skmodc.Mdnd `fs dsosto`ks d ue rfmkrtf nf pfrskedc

nfetrk nf ued lrde f`prfsd. Fc khiftovk sof`prf

fs cd rfnummoe nf ldstks pdrd `detfefr fc `dr-

lfe nf hfefmoks. Ck muroksk fs quf cks cto`ks

fstunoks skhrf cks sufcnks nf cds lrdenfs mk`pd-

ds fstdnueonfesfs nfùfstrde ued nogfrfemod

nfc 822 pkr mofetk fetrf fc sufcnk `s hdik y fc

`s dctk.

Mk`k dr`dhd Wmtkr F ^ka`de, fxnorfm-

tkr rflokedc nf cd Krldeozdmoe Oetfredmokedc

nfc ^rdhdik pdrd D`romd Cdtoed y fc Mdrohf9

Cks vdckrfs tomks nfhfe fe`drmdr cks cklrksfmkeòmks. Cks nfrfmjks ju`deks nfhfe prf-

vdcfmfr pkr femo`d nf cks oetfrfsfs pdrtomucdrfs

y fc hfefmok ek pufnf sfr fc eomk hdrf`k fe

cd tk`d nf nfmosokefs fmkeòmds. _ dj fetrd fc

pdpfc nfc Fstdnk, quf nfhf nfgfenfr cd noleondn

nf tknks sus moundndeks y cd mkesfmumoe nf cd

iustomod skmodc.

]o rfeuemod`ks d eufstrk nfrfmjk dc trdhdik,

pfrnf`ks ued pdrmfcd nf eufstrd noleondn. Wd-

ckrdr fc trdhdik fs fc pro`fr pdsk pdrd rfovoeno-

mdr su fikrd. ]fetor quf fc trdhdik tf pfrtfefmf,quf gkr`d pdrtf nf to Rkrquf sck sf nffenf

dqufcck quf tofef vdckr, dqufcck quf eks dpkr-

td gfcomondn. ]o pdsd`ks `s tof`pk trdhdidenk

quf nuròfenk, sfr fikr nosgrutdr nf fsf fspd-

mok quf nfc noefrk quf eks rfstd pdrd fc tof`pk

cohrf. _ mk`k nfmd Lkftjf9 Mudenk jf fstdnk

trdhdidenk tknk fc nd, ue hufe dtdrnfmfr `f

sdcf dc femufetrk.

NDWON

@DEXOT

VF


22/68

XFRXKHDND]

F]MVFCD]NF ^OF@RKMK@RCF^K

FCWD @FENKYD

Bfcvd[mketrd

OEWF]^OLDMOE RKX^DND



23/68

OEWF]ÔLDMOERKX^DND


D]G nftfmtd

dek`dcds fe fcRrklrd`d nf Fsmufcdsnf of`pk Mk`pcftk.

Fe fc NG, nf 6==pcdetfcfs `drloednks,sck sf hfefgmodrke

461 dnf`s, juhkpdlks y mketrdtksoenfhonks pkr `s nf:4 òcckefs nf pfsks

Cd Dunotkrd ]upfrokr nf cd Gfnfrdmoe nf-

tfmt novfrsds orrflucdrondnfs fe fc Rrk-lrd`d Fsmufcds nf ôf`pk Mk`pcftk(RF^M) nfc Nostrotk Gfnfrdc quf pkefe fe fe-trfnomjk su fgfmtovondn.

Nfrovdnk nf cd rfvosoe nf cd Mufetd Rhco-md 824=, fòto 42 khsfrvdmokefs quf lfefrd-rke mudtrk rfmk`fendmokefs, softf prk`kmokefsnf rfspkesdhocondn dnòeostrdtovd sdemokedtkrod

y ue pcoflk nf khsfrvdmokefs pdrd cd Dnòeos-trdmoe Gfnfrdc nf ]frvomoks Fnumdtovks fe fcNostrotk Gfnfrdc. Fe orrflucdrondnfs, oevkcumrd-

nks rfmursks pkr `s nf :8 òcckefs nf pfsks.Nf dmufrnk mke cd Dunotkrd ]upfrokr nf cdGfnfrdmoe (D]G), sf tk`drke nfmosokefs pdrd fcfifrmomok y mk`prkhdmoe nfc prfsupufstk dsoled-nk dc Rrklrd`d soe dpkrtdr fcf`fetks nkmu`fe-tdnks quf sustfetdrde cd sfcfmmoe nf cds fsmufcdshfeffflmodnds, cks `ketks y topks nf dpkyks fflede-mofrks y tmeomks ktkrldnks, ds mk`k cd nostrohu-moe, dpcomdmoe y mk`prkhdmoe nf cks rfmursks.

@OLV

FCLDCOENK

OEWF]ÔLDMOERKX^DND

8


24/68

Rrklrd`d Fsmufcds nf

ôf`pk Mk`pcftk

Fe 824=, cd Dnòeostrdmoe Gfnfrdc nf ]frvo-moks Fnumdtovks fe fc Nostrotk Gfnfrdc (DG]FNG)fifrmo >68 òcckefs :6= òc pfsks nfc prklrd`dprfsupufstdrok ]884 Rrklrd`d Fsmufcds nf of`-pk Mk`pcftk, ued oeomodtovd nfc lkhofrek gfnfrdcquf tofef mk`k khiftovk mketrohuor d `fikrdr fcrfenoòfetk nf cks dcuèks nf cds fsmufcds phco-mds nf fnumdmoe hsomd `fnodetf cd d`pcodmoe

nf ikrednds nf 7 y : jkrds nodrods, nfekòedndsikrednd d`pcodnd y tof`pk mk`pcftk, rfspfmto-vd`fetf1 pkr ck quf prkpkef hfeffflmodr cds fsmuf-cds phcomds nf fnumdmoe hsomd, prfgfrfetf`fetfd cds quf o`pdrtde tknks cks lrdnks nfc eovfcfnumdtovk hsomk, nospkelde nf pcdetfcfs y mkeno-mokefs dnfmudnds pdrd cd fxtfesoe nf jkrdrok ydtofende d pkhcdmoe vucefrdhcf k fe mketfxtks nfrofslk skmodc.

@fnodetf fc Rrklrd`d sf hroende d cks pcde

tfcfs fnumdtovks dpkyks tmeomks y ffledemofrks, nfstoednks d mursks nf mdpdmotdmoe pdrd pfrskedc nrfmtovk, nkmfetf y nf dpkyk1 sf prkvff d cds fsmufcdnf `dtfrodc nonmtomk y fquopk oegkr`tomk pdrusk fnumdtovk1 sf dmkenomokede fspdmoks fsmkcdrfsf nd sfluoòfetk, dmk`pddòfetk y dsfskrd cds fsmufcds oemkrpkrdnds dc Rrklrd`d1 y dpkykfmkeòmks pdrd cd dnquosomoe nf sfrvomoks f oesu`ks pdrd cd dco`fetdmoe nf dcuèks y nkmfetf

Cks rfmursks nfc RF^M tofefe fc mdrmtfr nsuhsonok gfnfrdc pdrd cds =4 fetondnfs gfnfrdto

vds y fc Nostrotk Gfnfrdc. ]u dpcomdmoe y fifrmomfst suiftk d cds rflcds nf kpfrdmoe quf pdrd tdfgfmtk fòto cd ]fmrftdrd nf Fnumdmoe Rhcom

Cds orrflucdrondnfs

Fc Oegkr`f nfc rfsuctdnk nf cd fflsmdcozdmoe supfrokr nf cd Mufetd Rhcomd 824=, nf cd D]G, prfsu`f ue prkhdhcf ndk k pfriuomok d cd jdmofen

8> 4< nf dlkstk nf 8246

OEWF]ÔLDMOE RKX^DND

Fe fc momck fsmkcdr824=-824> sfhfefgmodrke d4 òc >>7 pcdetfcfs

fnumdtovks, nf uetktdc nf > òc 884fsmufcds susmfptohcfsnf oemkrpkrdrsf dcRrklrd`d

]DCCRFY/MVDX^K]MVXK


25/68

OEWF]ÔLDMOERKX^DND


phcomd gfnfrdc pkr > òcckefs 4=8 òc 86 pfsks.Cks rfmursks jdhrde sonk ktkrldnks d >< norfm-tkrfs y ue supfrvoskr fsmkcdr soe dmrfnotdr mkenkmu`fetdmoe mk`prkhdtkrod fc fifrmomok nf cksòs`ks.

d`hoe sf onfetofflm quf sf ktkrldrke dpkyksd 6? norfmtkrfs y eufvf supfrvoskrfs fsmkcdrfs pkr4= occkefs 8?2 oc y 464 oc ?22 pfsks, rfspfm-tovd`fetf, quf ek fste dnsmrotks d cks pcdetfcfsfnumdtovks hfeffflmodroks nfc RF^M.

Cd D]G rfpkrtd quf sf hfeffflmodrke d 4 òc>>7 pcdetfcfs fnumdtovks, nf ue tktdc nf > òc 884fsmufcds susmfptohcfs nf oemkrpkrdrsf dc RF^M,pkr ck quf, fe fc momck fsmkcdr 824=-824>, sckhfeffflmo dc =>.= pkr mofetk nf stds, mke uedfrkldmoe quf dsmofenf d >68 òcckefs :6= òc

pfsks1 soe nf`kstrdr quf fc e`frk nf fsmufcdshfeffflmodnds, fc `ketk nf cks dpkyks ffledemofrksktkrldnks pkr fsmufcd, cks rfmursks nfstoednks pdrdcks dpkyks tmeomks, mketrohuyfrke dc gkrtdcfmoòfe-tk nfc dprfenozdif, y soe nf`kstrdr quf nosf cdfstrdtflod y fc prkmfnoòfetk pdrd cd sfcfmmoe nfcds fsmufcds pkr hfeffflmodr, ds mk`k cks rfquosotksnf fcflohocondn quf nfhde mu`pcor.

Ek dmrfnot fc fmdeos`k nfsfcfmmoe nf cks dcuèks hfef-fflmodroks nf cks dpkyks fmkeò-

mks, yd quf nf 6== fsmufcdsuhomdnds fe cds nfcfldmokefs nfcNostrotk Gfnfrdc mke pkclkeksnf dctk y ùy dctk lrdnk nf`drloedmoe, eomd`fetf sf cfsktkrl d 46 nf stds.

Mfcfhr oenfhond`fetf nksmkevfeoks mke ue krldeos`k oe-tfredmokedc pkr `s nf 4< òc-ckefs :67 òc pfsks pkr mkemfp-tk nf dsfskrds y mdpdmotdmoe

dc pfrskedc nkmfetf nf cds Fs-mufcds nf of`pk Mk`pcftk, soequf nomjk krldeos`k gkr`f pdrtf nf cd dnòeos-trdmoe phcomd gfnfrdc.

Cd ]fmrftdrd nf Fnumdmoe Rhcomd (]FR), dtrdvs nf cd DG]FNG, susmroho nks mkevfeoksfspfmfflmks nf mkcdhkrdmoe (fc MKEWFEOK/F]R.4/DG]FNG-OCMF/824= y fc MKEWF-EOK/F]R. 8/DG]FNG-OCMF/824=) y nks mke-

trdtks nf prfstdmoe nf sfrvomoks (DG]FNG/NL-OGD/MDR./]VH, NOX _ NKM NF F^M/824= yDG]FNG/OFR]D/NLOGD/824=) pkr ue ketknf .4 òcckefs nfpfsks ktkrldnksoenfhond`fetf d

>< norfmtkrfs y uesupfrvoskr fsmkcdr

8

OEWF]ÔLDMOERKX^DND

Nf 6== fsmufcds

uhomdnds fe cdsnfcfldmokefs nfcNostrotk Gfnfrdc mkepkclkeks nf dctd yùy dctd drloedmoe,sck sf hfefgmodrke

46. Fe cd o`dlfe, fc ifgfnf lkhofrek mdpotdcoek,@olufc elfc @demfrd

]DCCRFY/MVDX^K]MVXK


26/68

mke ue krldeos`k oetfredmokedc cks mkevfeoks soedsflurdr quf cd oetflrdmoe nfc fquopk d rfdcozdrcks trdhdiks y cd nfffleomoe nf cks prknumtks ffl-edcfs nfffleonks sf nftfròedrke fe guemoe nfcds efmfsondnfs d muhror nf cds fsmufcds phcomdshfeffflmodrods nfc Rrklrd`d Fsmufcds nf ôf`pkMk`pcftk y soe dsflurdr quf cds mkenomokefs nfcks tdccfrfs nf mdpdmotdmoe, cd dpcomdmoe nf cdsdmtovondnfs pfndllomds y mketfeonk nf `nu-cks tf`tomks sf nftfròedrke fe guemoe nf cds

efmfsondnfs nf mdpdmotdmoe prfvdcfmofetfs fecds fsmufcds phcomds hfeffflmodrods nfc Rrklrd`dFsmufcds nf ôf`pk Mk`pcftk.

Dsoòs`k, sf oeomo cd prk`kmoe nf rfspkesdhocondn dnòeostrdtovd sdemokedtkrod detf fc rldek Oetfrek nf Mketrkc pkr cks dmtks u kòsokefnf cks sfrvonkrfs phcomks quf mfcfhrdrke mke ueoestotumoe fnumdtovd cd prfstdmoe nf cks sfrvo

moks mkesostfetfs fe cd mdpdmotdmoe nfekòedn]upfrvoskrfs, Norfmtkrfs y Nkmfetfs nf Fsmufcds nf ôf`pk Mk`pcftk, muyk khiftovk fnktdr nf jfrrdòfetds mkemfptudcfs y fstrdtfloddc pfrskedc nkmfetf quf cf pfròtde mketrohuor cd `fikrd nfc cklrk fnumdtovk nf cks fstunodetfnf Fsmufcds nf ôf`pk Mk`pcftk, soe dsflurdquf cd nfffleomoe nf cks mketfeonks tf`tomkpkhcdmoe hfeffflmodnd, ds mk`k mkenomokefs ncks sfrvomoks sf nftfròedrke fe guemoe nf cdefmfsondnfs d muhror nf cds fsmufcds phcomds hfef

fflmodrods nfc Rrklrd`d.Detf cds khsfrvdmokefs, cd Norfmmoe Lfefrdc nf Oeekvdmoe y Gkrtdcfmoòfetk Dmdn`mk (NLOGD) fòto cds Nospksomokefs pdrd Dsoledmoe nf Dpkyks Fmkeòmks pdrd cd Dc`fetdmoe nf Dcuèks nf Fsmufcds Oemkrpkrdnddc Rrklrd`d nf Fsmufcds nf ôf`pk Mk`pcftfe fc Momck Fsmkcdr 824=-824> fe fc NostrotGfnfrdc, muyk prkpsotk fs fstdhcfmfr cks mrotfroks y mkenomokefs pdrd dsoledr mke fquondn fdpkyk fmkeòmk d mdnd dcuèk quf cf pfròt

rfmohor pkr ck `feks ued mkònd eutrotovd nurdetf cd ikrednd fsmkcdr.Norolonk d eods, eoks y ivfefs nf cks 4

pcdetfcfs fnumdtovks oemkrpkrdnks dc RF^M, cDG]FNG trdesfflro 4: occkefs =76 oc 622 pfsks nf cd pdrtond nf ldstk >>424 Ldstks rfcdmokednks mke dmtovondnfs mucturdcfs, nfpkrtovds y ndyund fxtrdkrnoedrod, d ued mufetd hdemdrod qudhro pdrd cd dnòeostrdmoe y nostrohumoe nf ckrfmursks nfc RF^M fe fc fifrmomok 824=, fnodetcd mudc nospfrs pkr eomd vfz dpkyks ffledemofrk

pkr 8 oc :


27/68

OEWF]ÔLDMOERKX^DND


òc 722 pfsks d trdvs nf mjfqufs d ek`hrf nf7 oc 846 dcuèks y rfoetflr 62? oc ?22 pfsksquf mkrrfspkenfe d mjfqufs ek mkhrdnks pkr cksdcuèks.

]khrf fc pdrtomucdr, sf khsfrv quf cd NLOGDmk`k rfspkesdhcf nf cd dnf-mudnd fifmumoe nfc Rrklrd-`d ek dmrfnot cks mrotfroksnf sfcfmmoe quf utocozpdrd nfffleor fc e`frk nfpcdetfcfs fnumdtovks y fc

`ketk nfc dpkyk fmke`-omk quf sf fetrfl d mdnddcuèk, yd quf, nf dmufr-nk mke cd fstrdtflod nf cdMruzdnd Edmokedc mke-trd fc Jd`hrf, mk`prfenf mudtrk nfcfldmokefs(Lustdvk D @dnfrk, ^cdcpde, cvdrk Khrfle,f Oztdpdcdpd) nfc Nostrotk Gfnfrdc mke pkclkeksnf dctk y ùy dctk lrdnk nf `drloedmoe, fe cds

mudcfs sf onfetofflm quf sf uhomde 6== pcdetfcfsfnumdtovks oemkrpkrdnks dc Rrklrd`d nf Fsmufcdsnf ôf`pk Mk`pcftk1 ek khstdetf, eomd`fetfsf hfeffflmodrke d cks dcuèks nf 46 fsmufcds fe824=, pkr ck quf ek nf`kstr quf fc `fmdeos`k

nf sfcfmmoe ktkrl dmmfskfquotdtovk d cks dcuèksnf cds fsmufcds quf pdr-tomopde fe fc Rrklrd`d yquf fc `ketk ktkrldnk gufsufflmofetf pdrd mketrohuor d

`fikrdr cd dco`fetdmoe nfcks dcuèks hfeffflmodnks.Rdrd cd rfdcozdmoe nf

fstf trdhdik, nfsnf fc pdsd-nk 4= nf iucok sf skcomot

fetrfvostd mke cd Dnòeostrdmoe Gfnfrdc nf ]fr-vomoks Fnumdtovks nfc Nostrotk Gfnfrdc d trdvsnf Wmtkr ^krrfs y Xomdrnk Hurlks. Dc mofrrf nffnomoe, ek sf khtuvk rfspufstd.

Cd ]FR ek dmrfnotfc `fmdeos`k nf

sfcfmmoe nf cks dcuèks

hfefg modroks nf cksdpkyks fmkeòmks

8

OEWF]ÔLDMOERKX^DND

Jdstd nfspusnf cd dunotkrd sffstdhcfmofrke cks

mrotfroks y mkenomokefspdrd dsoledr, mkefquondn, fc dpkykfmkeòmk d mdnddcuèk

MVDX^K]MVXK


28/68

8: 4< nf dlkstk nf 8246

OEWF]^OLDMOE CEFD LCKHDC

RFXOKNO]^DNF LVFXXD

DM^KX HFCOLFXDE^F9 FV


29/68


OEWF]ÔLDMOECEFD LCKHDC

Rdrd Fstdnks Veonks, fcpds quf pdrtomopd fe `smkegomtks dr`dnks fe fc

ùenk, fc mkrrfspkesdcnf lufrrd fs ue dmtkr

hfcolfrdetf ek provocflodnky, mk`k tdc, sf cf nfhf

trdtdr, oenomd fc `s rfmofetf@deudc nf Lufrrd nfc

Nfpdrtd`fetk nf Nfgfesd.Fe iuflk, fc nfrfmjk d cd

oegkr`dmoe

Fc pdsdnk 48 nf iueok nf 8246, cd Kfflmoed

nfc Mkesfik Lfefrdc nfc Firmotk nf Fs-tdnks Veonks puhcom cd `s rfmofetf vfr-soe nfc @deudc nf Lufrrd (Nfpdrt`fet kgNfgfesf, Cdw kg \dr @deudc), quf pkr su mke-tfeonk pknrd sfr mkesonfrdnk ued o`pkrtdetfrflrfsoe pdrd fc nfrfmjk d cd oegkr`dmoe, pdrdcks nfrfmjks nf cks pfroknostds, y td`hoe pdrd cdMkevfemoe nf Loefhrd nf 4?>?.

Fstf rfpkrtf nf 4 òc ploeds mketofefue mdptuck rfcdmokednk mke cks pfroknostds, pdrdquofefs f`pcfd fc d`holuk tròek nf hfcolf-

rdetf ek provocflodnk (ueprovocflfn hfccolfrfets,VH)9 fe lfefrdc ske movocfs, soe f`hdrlk QPpufnfQeP sfr òf`hrks nf cds Gufrzds Dr`dnds,pfrskeds dutkrozdnds d dmk`pddr d cds GufrzdsDr`dnds, k mk`hdtofetfs ek provocflodnks (>.8>,Cdw kg \dr @deudc).

]fle fc oevfstoldnkr y norfmtkr nf cds Oevfs-toldmokefs nf Md`pk nf cd krldeozdmoe GkrfoleRkcomy Xfsfdrmj Oestotutf (GRXO), Ndvon Ndefck

DZFC RCD]DBdxfc[mketrd

@OLVFCLDCOENK


30/68

=2 4< nf dlkstk nf 8246


cd pkctomd QdpcomdndP tdc y mk`k fst fsmrotd ekfspfmofflmd cds mkenomokefs sfle cds mudcfs dc-luofe fs mkesonfrdnk y nfmcdrdnk ue VH, k quoetofef fc nfrfmjk nf nftfròedrck.

Fstf rdzkedòfetk sf pknrd mkevfrtor fe cdeufvd norfmtroz nfc Rfetlkek, fc quf mrfd fc prf-mfnfetf nkenf fc Firmotk nf Fstdnks Veonksdsu`f fstds rflcds, fe mcdrk mketrdstf nf cd Mke-

vfemoe nf Loefhrd nf 4?>? y nf sus prktkmkcks,cks mudcfs ek fflr` eo rdtofflm.

Cd eufvd Cfy nf Lufrrdy fc pfroknos`k

Fc nkmu`fetk fxpfnonk pkr fc Rfetlkek rf-gkr`d y dnomoked fc @deudc nf Rrmtomds @ocotd-rfs prffxostfetf quf, pdrd fc pfroknostd fmudtkrod-ek Ksmdr Cfe, fs mk`k ued rfmkpocdmoe quf sfdiustd d cks tof`pks quf vovo`ks, fs ued eufvd

rfdcondn, quf vovo`ks pkst 44 nf sfptof`hrf n8224 fe tknk fc ùenk. Mke cd lufrrd mketrd ftfrrkros`k y cd oesflurondn oetfredmokedc, eufvdpkctomds tofefe quf o`pfrdr d eovfc nf cds Gufrzds Dr`dnds fstdnueonfesfs, quf fe pdcdhrds nNdvon Ndefck ek kgrfmfe eoelued prktfmmonfc fstdnk nf nfrfmjk d mudcquofrd quf ek fst ndmufrnk mke ued cefd kfflmodc nf cd oegkr`dmonfc Rfetlkek.

Cd Cfy nf Lufrrd dpcomdnd pkr fsd edmomke detfrokrondn sf hdsdhd fe cd ffllurd nfc mk`

hdtofetf ocfldc fefòlk (uecdwguc fef`y mk`hdtdet), mke fc mudc fsmundhd su pksturd. Fe fetrfvostd mke Mketrdcefd, fc fxpfroknostd òcotdr oevfstoldnkr Ndvon Ndefck mk`fetd quf fc tròek mk`hdtofetf ocfldc sf rffflfrf d quf ued fetondn ek fstdtdc sf femufetrd gufrd nf cd nfffleomoe cfldc nf cd lufrrd y ue oenovonuk fstoevkcumrdnk fe ued dmmoe nf mk`hdtf. ]flNdvon Ndefck, jdy nks lrdenfs md`hoks, uek f

@OLVFCLDCOENK


31/68

www.mketrdcoefd.mk`.`x =


quf dc nfffleor fc tròek mk`hdtofetf nftfrò-eds quf ue oenovonuk mdpturdnk k nftfeonk, pro-`frk y detf tknk, tofef quf sfr nftfeonk pkr dc-le dmtk quf sf pufnd prkhdr cfldc`fetf, dc jdhfrmkdnyuvdnk mke ue fefòlk nf Fstdnks Veonks.

Fc rofslk nf cks trdhdidnkrfs nf cd prfesd sfjd dmfetudnk nfsnf quf cds Gufrzds Dr`dnds fs-tdnueonfesfs jde kptdnk pkr mdtflkrozdrcksmk`k hfcolfrdetfs ek provocflodnks. ]fle fc no-rfmtkr nf Oevfstoldmokefs nf Md`pk nfc GRXO,Ndvon Ndefck, dc usdr fc tròek VH o`pcomdquf fsts nfefldenk fc provocflok d dcluofe nf eksfr dsfsoednk fe ue fetkrek nf mk`hdtf, pkrqufpdrfmf jdhfr tk`dnk pdrtonk, pkr dclk quf jdefsmrotk k nomjk, quf pknrd dsostor dc fefòlk.]fle Ndefck, fc tròek ueprovocflfn hfccolf-rfet, mk`k nfffleomoe pdrd pfroknostds, fs ùyprfkmupdetf, pkrquf ek jdy onfetofflmdnkrfs kquoe nfmonf quoe fs ue VH. Cfldc`fetf pknrdsfr mudcquofrd quofe tk`f tdc nfmosoe1 mke fcck,fstdrde iustofflmdenk quf mudcquofr skcndnk puf-nd nftfròedr so dcluofe jd prkhdnk sfr ue VH,

y fstk iustofflmdrd `dtdrck, fe pdrtomucdr d cks pf-roknostds.

Fc @deudc fstdhcfmf, fe fc prrdgk >.8>.8.4,quf pfroknostds dutkrozdnks d dmk`pddr d cdsGufrzds Dr`dnds puf-

nfe sfr nftfeonks pkrGufrzds Dr`dnds kpk-sotkrds. Mudenk ue mk-rrfspkesdc nf lufrrd sffemufetrd iuetk d uefirmotk fefòlk, stfpdsd d sfr mkesonfrdnkpdrtf nf fsds GufrzdsDr`dnds y, fe mkesf-mufemod, sfr trdtdnk nfoludc gkr`d mk`k d mudcquofr mk`hdtofetf fef-

òlk dr`dnk. Rkr ck tdetk, sf cf fst nfefldenktknd prktfmmoe nf movoc, dsuòfenk opsk gdmtk cdmdcondn nf mk`hdtofetf. ]fle fstf @deudc, sfpufnf jdhcdr nf nogfrfetfs topks nf pfroknostds,fc pfroknostd òcotdr y fc pfroknostd fe lfefrdc.

Rfrk tknk pfroknostd quf fe mofrtks mdsksdmk`pddrd fe sus dmtovondnfs d ue firmotk, mdf-rd dc oludc quf cks fgfmtovks mdpturdnks fe fc lru-pk nf prosokefrks nf lufrrd (RK\, pkr su solcd

Fe su mkenomoe nfmkrrfspkesdcfs, dsu`fe uerofslk mkesonfrdhcf nf sfr

jfronks k ùfrtks. Rkr fcck,nfhfrde nostoeluorsf nf cds

Gufrzds Dr`dndss

fe oelcs). stks sfrde detf tknk cks mkrrfspke-sdcfs nf lufrrd, mk`k cks mkrrfspkesdcfs oenf-pfenofetfs kpfrdenk pkr su mufetd fe cd rfloefe lufrrd. ]u sotudmoe sf tkred dctd`fetf vucef-rdhcf pkr su fxpksomoe fe mdsk nf mkevfrtorsf feRK\. Fe fetrfvostd mke Mketrdcefd, fc detolukpfroknostd nfc mdedc ^fcfsur smdr Cfe dfflr`dquf pdrd ktrks pfroknostds, oemcuyfenk cks oenf-pfenofetfs, Qfc Firmotk nf Fstdnks VeonksP fshdstdetf sfvfrk mke cks quf fste vodidenk mkeued ueondn òcotdr1 pfrk so tf pufnfs `detfefroenfpfenofetf y vosohcf`fetf pdrd fccks, ek fstsprktflonk nf ue dtdquf nf su pdrtf.

Fc @deudc oenomd quf, fe su sotudmoe nf mk-rrfspkesdcfs, dsu`fe ue rofslk mkesonfrdhcf nfsfr jfronks k ùfrtks QP. Rdrd òeoòzdr fc

rofslk nf sfr khiftk nf ue dtdquf, cks pfroknostdsnfhfrde vfcdr pkr nostoeluorsf nf cds Gufrzds Dr-`dnds QP (Cdw kg \dr @deudc, >.84.=.4). Fefgfmtk, fc usk nf oegkr`dmoe fstrdtlomd ocotdr fefc drmk nf ue fegrfetdòfetk dr`dnk mkestotuyfue vfrndnfrk prkhcf`d nf sflurondn. ^d`hoesorvf mk`k iustofflmdetf pdrd mfesurdr cd oegkr`d-moe quf sdcf d cks `fnoks nfpro`frd `dek.

Fstdnks Veonks fs uek nf cks fsmdsks pdsfsquf ek jde fflr`dnk eo rdtofflmdnk cd Mkevfemoe

nf Loefhrd nf 4?>? fe

eoelued nf sus pdrtfs.Fc dedcostd lfkpkctomk@djno Edzf`rkdyd mk-`fetd fe fetrfvostdquf, duequf fsf @d-eudc fst jfmjk hdik cdcfy nf Fstdnks Veonks,nfhf tk`dr fe mufetdcd Mkevfemoe nf Lo-efhrd, mk`k cfy mke-

suftunoedrod oetfredmokedc. Fstk quofrf nfmor quf

Fstdnks Veonks pufnf ek sfr pdrtf nf ue trdtdnk,pufnf ek jdhfr fflr`dnk fc trdtdnk, QpfrkP cks pf-roknostds fste prktflonks pkr fc drtmuck ? nfcRrktkmkck Dnomokedc O nf cd Mkevfemoe nf Loef-hrd. ]oe f`hdrlk, Fstdnks Veonks djkrd vd pkr suprkpod nfffleomoe nf ue hfcolfrdetf.

Fe fstf sfetonk, fc Mkrkefc Iksfpj X ]kwfrsnoik dc \dsjoeltke ô`fsquf eksktrks ek mrff-`ks quf tfeld ue soleofflmdnk cfldc fc @deudc dc


32/68



`femokedr mk`k hfcolfrdetfs ek provocflodnksrfgfrfetf d cks pfroknostds, pufs fc `deudc fe sek mrfd eufvds cfyfs. Fc jfmjk nf quf ued pfr-sked sfd pfroknostd ek cf o`ponf mkevfrtorsf feue hfcolfrdetf ek provocflodnk.

Dc rfspfmtk, fc drtmuck


33/68



`dmoe quf fstks pfroknostds fstdhde noguenofenkcfs mkstdhd vonds. Cd vond nf uek k vdroks fstdnu-eonfesfs fstdrd pkr femo`d nf cd khiftovondn pf-roknstomd, mk`k nf cks òs`ks pfroknostds qufek fsmrohfe fe cd edrrdtovd quf prkpuled fc Nf-pdrtd`fetk nf Nfgfesd, sfde fstks fstdnueonfe-sfs k fxtrdeifrks. Ndvon Ndefck fxprfsd, pkr sucdnk, quf fstk soleofflmd ued trdhd d cd cohfrtdn nffxprfsoe nf cks pfroknostds y fsmrotkrfs quf prf-tfenfe rfpkrtdr skhrf dmtovondnfs nfc Firmotk fs-tdnueonfesf.

Cd topkckld nfcpfroknostd y fc md`pk nflufrrd

Cd ffllurd nfc pfroknostd fe fstd eufvd ek-`femcdturd sf nffflef mk`k ue fcf`fetk quf soek fst oemkrpkrdnk fe cds prkpods Gufrzds Dr-`dnds (pfroknostd òcotdr, f`hfnnfn ikuredcost), fsnfmor, mk`k oenfpfenofetf k dmk`pddenk d cdsgufrzds fefòlds, fs oludc d ue mk`hdtofetf fef-òlk, dr`dnkfe fstf mdsk nf ue òmrgkek, uedm`drd y ue hckm nf ektds.

Jdy quf nogfrfemodr hofe mcdrk9 ue pfroknos-td k mkrrfspkesdc nf lufrrd quf vodid mke cds

Gufrzds Dr`dnds nf ktrk pds, fs nogfrfetf qufue pfroknostd quf vodid y trdhdid mk`k mkrrfs-pkesdc nf ued lufrrd, fxpcomd fc pfroknostd fmud-tkrodek smdr Cfe.

Ek khstdetf quf su mdcondn nf movoc fst fstopu-cdnd fe fc Rrktkmkck Dnomokedc ^frmfrk nf cd Mke-

vfemoe nf Loefhrd, pdrd fc dedcostd nfc GRXO,pdrfmf quf Qfc @deudcP fsmrohf su prkpod cfy y cfktkrld dc Nfpdrtd`fetk nf Nfgfesd cd dutkrondnnf nfmor y nftfròedr quoe fs movoc y quoe ek.

Rdrd cd ek`femcdturd nfc @deudc fe mufstoe

fxostfe pfroknostds dniuetks d ue mufrpk òcotdr,frlk, òcotdrfs y movocfs, sfde fstks oenfpfenofetfsk pdrtf nf ue `fnok nf mkùeomdmoe (CK\,>.8>.4, >.8>.8, ploeds 4


34/68

=> 4< nf dlkstk nf 8246


>.8>.8.4). Dnf`s nf quf cks pfroknostds quf fe-trfe fe rfds nf kpfrdmokefs òcotdrfs dsu`fe uemkesonfrdhcf rofslk nf sfr jfronks k `dtdnks(CK\, >.8>.=.4).

Goedc`fetf, cd ffllurd nfc pfroknostd-fspd sfpcdetfd mk`k mdptuck dpdrtf nf fstf dpdrtdnk,nkenf sf fvonfemod m`k rfpkrtdr skhrf kpfrd-mokefs ocotdrfs pufnf sfr soòcdr d rfmkcfmtdr oe-gkr`dmoe nf oetfcolfemod k oemcusk fspodr. Dc pf-roknostd quf dmtf nf fspd pknrd sfr suiftk d`fnonds nf sflurondn y mdstolk fe mdsk nf sfrmdpturdnk. Rdrd fvotdr sfr mkeguenonk mke ue fs-pd, cks pfroknostds nfhfrde nf dmtudr nf gkr`ddhofrtd y mke fc pfròsk nf cds dutkrondnfs pfrto-efetfs. Fc prfsfetdr nkmu`fetks nf onfetondn,mk`k nkmu`fetks fòtonks d mkrrfspkesdcfs nf

lufrrd dutkrozdnks QP pufnf dyundr d fvotdr sfrtk`dnk mk`k fspd (Cdw kg \dr @deudc,>.8>.>).

@djno Edzf`rkdyd quofe fstuvk prfsfetffe Cohod mudenk sf fstdhde prknumofenk ckshk`hdrnfks skhrf fsf pds mk`fetd quf vdrokspfroknostds quf fstdhde, duequf ek tknks, vo-eofenk nf cks lrdenfs `fnoks fstdhde nf jfmjkkhsfrvdenk pdrd fc Rfetlkek k dclued dlfemod nfoetfcolfemod, pdsenkcfs oegkr`dmoe, pkr fif`pcknf rftfefs òcotdrfs, ghromds k culdrfs quf sf pu-

nofrde hk`hdrnfdr. @f dmufrnk quf cks cohoksdldrrdrke d ue pfroknostd hroteomk quf fstdhd`dendenk oegkr`dmoe skhrf oegrdfstrumturd qufhk`hdrnfdr. Fs fvonfetf quf, cfiks nf sfr ued jo-ptfsos, ck quf dc fefòlk sf cf rfmroòed sf usd fecds fflcds nf cds Gufrzds nf Fstdnks Veonks y susdcodnks, ck mudc pdrd Edzf`rkdyd mkestotuyf uenkhcf fstendr.

Cd lufrrd nfoegkr`dmoe

Rkr dks, cd oegkr`dmoe nf Fstdnks Veonksfstuvk nkòedenk fc ùenk nfsnf cds mdnfedsnf MEE, EHM, ftmtfrd, quf ndhde cd vfrsoepkctomd`fetf mkrrfmtd nf cks dmketfmoòfetks.Jky nd, fstf `kekpkcok fs tde volfetf mke cdprfsfemod nf ued lufrrd quf jd oetflrdnk cd oe-gkr`dmoe. _ Fstdnks Veonks fst pkeofenktknk su pfsk fe mketrkcdr fstf `hotk.

]o vfs d cks rusks, d cks mjoeks, jde fstdnk rfvfcdenk oegkr`dmoe skhrf ]orod quf mketrdnomcd vfrsoe nf Fstdnks Veonks. Fe fgfmtk, FstdnkVeonks efl cd prfsfemod nf Dc Tdfnd fe ]orod

pufs tknks frde nf`mrdtds, `knfrdnks, pfrmke cd ccfldnd nf ktrds rfnfs nf oegkr`dmoe tuvofrke quf dnòtor quf Dc Tdfnd fstdhd prfsfetf fe ]orod td`hoe, mk`fetd fc skmocklk y dedcostd lfkpkctomk mdednofesf Edzf`rkdyd.

Cd lufrrd djkrd fs oetdelohcf y pdsd pkr coegkr`dmoe y mketrdoegkr`dmoe quf fc ùenùctopkcdr fòtf. Cd MEE tofef eufvd mk`pftfemod, mk`k Xussode ^fcfvosoke, Zoejud, (cdlfemod oegkr`dtovd mjoed), cd Dlfemod rdh]orod nf Ektomods, y quf pkr oetfreft y cks `f

noks fxostfetfs jky pufnfe rfpcomdrcfs fe cd oe`fnodtfz.

Rdrd Edzf`rkdyd, cks sostf`ds nf nogusofste sorvofenk mk`k ue dr`d fe ued lufrrd ncd oegkr`dmoe1 fetkemfs cd pro`frd vmto`d nfstd lufrrd nf oegkr`dmoe fs cd vfrndn1 cd sfluend, fc pfroknostd, trdtdenk nf ccfldr d cd vfrndn.

Fc drtmuck Rfetdlke nfmcdrfs ikuredcosts dueprovocflfn hfccolfrfets wjk mde hf sjkt kr aoccfn k

soljt, fsmrotk pkr I N Jfyfs (www.edturdcefwmk ), sfdcd quf cks hfcolfrdetfs ek provocflodnkfste ekr`dc`fetf mcdsofflmdnks mk`k tfrrkrostdQpkr fcckP so ske mdpturdnks, ek sf cfs ktkrldre tknks cks nfrfmjks nf ue prosokefrk nf lufrrd nf cMkevfemoe nf Loefhrd.

Oetfetdr muhror fvfetks hcomks nkenf sf femufetrfe oevkcumrdnds cds Gufrzds Dr`dnds nFstdnks Veonks sfr ued òsoe mkenfednd dgrdmdsk, mudenk nf dmufrnk mke cd pkctomd QdmtudcP cds eomds cefds nf rfpkrtdif quf sfrddmfptdhcfs ske dqufccds nkenf ek sf mufstokef cpkctomd kfflmodc, dc lrdnk quf pknrd prkpkrmokeddyund dc fefòlk, dmcdrd fc oevfstoldnkr nGRXO, Ndvon Ndefck. Dlrfld quf fc @deudc nLufrrd nfc Nfpdrtd`fetk nf Nfgfesd dmtudc`fetf puhcomdnk ek fs dmkrnf d cd tomd nf cd Mkestotumoe nf Fstdnks Veonks, nfhfrd sfr rffxdòednrffsmrotk y md`hodnk.


35/68


36/68

FMKE@OMK


DECO]O]

soe grfekCd nfprfmodmoe nfc pfsk grfetf dc ncdr fs yd nfc 86 pkr mofetk nfsnf cd sfluend òtdn nf 824>. Cdmdnd ek cd jd grfednk eo soquofrd cd suhdstd nodrod nf 872 òc òcckefs nf ncdrfs. Cd fstrdtflod ek

guemokedr, pufs jdstd fc prkpok Mdrstfes nomf9 fe tof`pks nf mrosos fs `fikr femfenfr ued vfcd quf

`dcnfmor fe cd ksmurondn. D fsk sf rfnumf fc prklrd`d nf suhdstds nf ncdrfs9d ued so`pcf vfcd

@DXMK] MJWFY, FMKEK@O]^D

B`drmks[mketrd

Nfvdcudmoe


37/68


FMKE@OMK DECO]O]

Cds `fnonds prfvfetovds deuemodnds pkr

cd Mkòsoe nf Md`hoks (MM), oetflrdnd

pkr cd ]fmrftdrd nf Jdmofend y Mrnotk

Rhcomk (]JMR) y fc Hdemk nf @xomk (Hdexo-

mk), fs nfmor, pkr Cuos Wonfldrdy y Dluste Mdrs-

tfes, pdrd trdtdr nf fegrfetdr cd oefstdhocondn nfc

`frmdnk nf novosds y cd nfprfmodmoe ekòedc

nfc pfsk detf fc ncdr fstdnueonfesf 42 pkr

mofetk fe ck quf vd nfc dk, jdstd fc 6 nf dlks-tk1 86 pkr mofetk nfsnf fc oeomok nf cd sfluend

òtdn nf 824>, mudenk mk`fez fc nfspck`f nf

cks prfmoks y cks oelrfsks pftrkcfrks, sfle ndtks

nfc hdemk mfetrdc, ske noleds nf cds nkmtds y

cflfendrods rffxokefs nfc sfluenk, mudenk fe-

tkemfs nfspdmjdhd fe cd ]JMR.

Fe 822:, Mdrstfes noikprkvfrhodc`fetf,detf cd

mdtstrkgf fstdnueonfesf quf sf oeomodhd, quf d

cd fmkek`d `fxomded sck cf ndr ue mdtdrro-

tky ek uedpuc`ked, mk`k detfs. Iustk mudenk

o`pcksoke \dcc ]trfft, fc mkrdzeedemofrk nfcd ùenodcozdmoe efkcohfrdc, sus fgfmtks nfvds-

tdnkrfs sf fxtfenofrke rpond y prknoloksd`fetf

pkr cks vdsks mkùeomdetfsnf cks mormuotks keftdr-

oks lckhdcfs jdmod tknks cks roemkefs nfc ùenk,

mkemfetrenksf fe Furkpd mke pdrtomucdr gurod,

y juenofrke dc sostf`d mdpotdcostd fe su pfkr nf-

sdstrf prknumtovk (rfmfsoe y nfdmoe) nfsnf cd

lrde rfmfsoe nf cd nmdnd nf 4?=2.

Fe fsd kmdsoe, Mdrstfes dnkmtroe nkmtkrdc-

`fetf9 ^fef`ks rfmursks nf cd rfgkr`d smdc y

nfc pftrcfk. Krkenk, nfsmdrt fc dczd nf cksrnotks, `frmfn d cd hufed mkenummoe nf cd

pkctomd `keftdrod, fc topk nf md`hok fxohcf,

cd nosmopcoed smdc y cd oedmoe hdid. Dnf`s

dlrfl, sf jd gkrtdcfmonk fc pfsk. Rkr tdetk,

rf`dtd9 Ek jdy rdze pdrd quf jdyd ue `kv-

oòfetk dhruptk mketrd eufstrd `kefnd.

Rkr so cds nunds, pdrd dtfenfr fc nomjksk md-

tdrrotk, rfmk`fen su tfrdpod gdvkrotdnf sof`prf9

rfmkrtdr ldstks phcomks oeefmfsdroks, y mkevk-

mdhd d cds gdòcods d jdmfr ck òs`k, sfr `s

rdmokedcfs.

D fnodnks nf 822.86 pkr mofe-

tk. Dc mofrrf nf 822: mdy d 2.47 pkr mofetk1 fe

prk`fnok deudc, nfsmketdenk cd oedmoe, guf

efldtovd fe 4.6 pkr mofetk.

D mketrdmkrrofetf, fc Hdemk nf @xomk, fe fsf

fetkemfs rflfetfdnk pkr Luoccfr`k Krtoz, nf-

mono fcfvdr su tdsd khiftovk (pdrd cds kpfrdmokefs

nf gkenfk oetfrhdemdrok d 4 nd) nf .6 pkr mofetk fe iucok, eovfc

quf sf `detuvk jdstd `drzk nf 824=, y cd ktrd d

>.6 pkr mofetk dc mofrrf nf 822?. Cd nosmopcoed

smdc rfnuen fe cd prnond nfc supfrvot nf 822.: pkr

mofetk), fe pcfed nfprfsoe oetfredmokedc.

Nfmd @drx9 ^knk ck sconk sf nfsvdefmf fe

fc dorf.

Fe ue `frmdnk nkenf sf eflkmode `s nf 82 òc òcckefs

nf ncdrfs, cks fgfmtks nf cks ncdrfs vfenonks pkr fc hdemk

mfetrdc rfsuctde `drloedcfs


38/68

FMKE@OMK

=: 4< nf dlkstk nf 8246

DECO]O]

Nfsmkeskcdnk, Mdrstfes noik nfspus nfc no-

cuvok9 _d ek vky d jdhcdr fe tròeks `nomks.

]ky nkmtkr fe fmkek`d, ek fe `fnomoed.

Duequf, fe sfetonk prmtomk, ek pdrfmf sfr eo

ck uek eo ck ktrk.

Detf fc feso`kmomck nf vkcdtocondn md`hodrodnfsfstdhocozdnkrd qufnd fc mkesufck nf Fero-

quf Rfd Eoftk, dutkprkmcd`dnk fefòlk nf cks

pkpucostds prklrfsostds y skmok nf cks pkpucos-

tds nf nfrfmjd9 d pfsdr nf quf ek sf dcmdezdrde

cks eovfcfs fmkeòmks quf qufrf`ks, jdy ktrks

pdsfs nfc ùenk d cks quf cfs jd onk pfkr.

Fc fsquozkgreomk

o`pfrdtovk mdtflromk

Dclueds nf cds fnonds nf cd cefd nf nfgfesd

nf cd pdrondn gufrke fspfmomdnds phcomd`fetf

pkr cd MM fc pdsdnk 88 nf `dyk y =2 nf iucok9 cd

rfnummoe fe fc rot`k nf dmuùcdmoe nf cds rfs-

frvds oetfredmokedcfs jdstd fc 8? nf sfptof`hrf,

fe ued prkpkrmoe fquovdcfetf d ued tfrmfrd

pdrtf nf cd dmuùcdmoe eftd fspfrdnd pdrd cks

48 `fsfs soluofetfs d `dyk nf 82461 fc du`fe

tk nf cks ncdrfs suhdstdnks soe prfmok èo`k

nf 68 òcckefs d 822 òcckefs1 fc `detfeoòfe

tk nf cds suhdstds nodrods mke prfmok èo`

pkr ue `ketk nf 822 òcckefs nf ncdrfs, muy

mktozdmoe sfr fquovdcfetf dc topk nf md`hoGOZ nftfròednk fc nd jhoc detfrokr oemrf

`fetdnk fe 4 pkr mofetk. D`hds suhdstds s

`detfenre volfetfs fetrf fc =4 nf iucok y

=2 nf sfptof`hrf nfc dk fe mursk. Fc topk n

md`hok GOZ fs idnk pkr fc hdemk mfetrdc ck

nds jhocfs hdemdroks mke hdsf fe ue prk`fn

nf cds mktozdmokefs rfprfsfetdtovds nfc `frmdnk n

md`hoks dc `dykrfk pdrd kpfrdmokefs coquond

hcfs fc sfluenk nd jhoc hdemdrok soluofetf, y f

deuemodnk d pdrtor nfc `fnok nd.

Fe ue rlo`fe nf topk nf md`hok fxohk nf cohrf ktdmoe mk`k fc o`pufstk d edcf

nf 4??> fe sustotumoe nf cd grdmdsdnd y

trdu`tomd fxpfrofemod nf cd hdend nf ktdmo

mke òmrknfvdcudmokefs dnòeostrdnds (4??

4??>), nf Rfnrk Dspf, rfspkesdhcf nf cd jfmd

tk`hf nf fsf dk, nkenf fc prfmok nf cd `ke

nd fs idnk pkr cd kgfrtd y cd nf`dend nf novosd

fc hdemk mfetrdc vfenf ncdrfs nf cds rfsfrvds oe

tfredmokedcfs pdrd lfefrdr cd coquonfz rfqufron

quf mketrdrrfstf cd fsmdsfz nf novosds quf prfsok

ed y nfprfmod cd pdrondn. Nfspfif cd oefstdhocondy cd oemfrtonu`hrf. Gdmocotf fc diustf krnfednk n

`frmdnk, soe husmdr ue eovfc nfeonk nf cd pdr

ndn, y dtf`pfrf cd vucefrdhocondn nf cd fmkek`

detf mjkqufs fxtfreks. Fvotf fc du`fetk nf cd

tdsds nf oetfrs y lfefrf tfesokefs oedmokedro

y fe cds mufetds fxtfreds, fetrf ktrks `dcfs, qu

pkenrde fe rofslk cds ftds nf pkctomd fmke`

md, cds rfgkr`ds fstrumturdcfs y dc prkpok `knf

fmkeòmk.

Dc `feks ds rfzde cks nkmu`fetks n

Hdexomk, y @deufc Xd`ks Grdemod, suhlkhfednkr nfc krldeos`k, mk`pcf`fetd cd zdl

Jd jdhonk ued nfprfmodmoe, s, mk`pcomdn

pfrk krnfednd, y cks mkstks, fe tròeks nf o`

pdmtk fmkeòmk, ek jde sonk gufrtfs. Fc pue

tk fs m`k eks fstd`ks nfprfmodenk1 o`dled

fstd nfprfmodmoe mke `s vkcdtocondn.

Fe fc mkesufck pfostd, Xd`ks ddnf9 vdrod

`kefnds sf jde nfprfmodnk. Fs ue `kvoòfet


39/68


FMKE@OMK DECO]O]

lfefrdcozdnk. ]fle c, fc pfsk sck sf jd nfprf-

modnk 4= pkr mofetk fe ck quf vd nf 8246.

Mudetotdtovd`fetf, cd nfgfesd nf cd fstdhocondn

nfc pfsk fs rfgkrzdnd fe cd rftdludrnod pkr cks rf-

mursks nf cds rfsfrvds oetfredmokedcfs 4?2.: oc

`occkefs nf ncdrfs (``n) dmu`ucdnks dc mofrrfnf iucok y cd cefd nf mrnotk fxohcf eflkmod-

nd mke fc Gkenk @keftdrok Oetfredmokedc


40/68

FMKE@OMK

>2 4< nf dlkstk nf 8246

DECO]O]

Fe `dednd, cks hdequfrks mfetrdcfs nfc uenk

td`hoe diustdre sus tdsds nf oetfrs nf rfgfrfe-

mod.

Duequf fcck o`pcomdr, fe fc mdsk nf @xo-

mk, femdrfmfr fc mkstk nfc mrnotk, dgfmtdr fc mke-

su`k, cd oevfrsoe, cds nfunds, y juenor `s dclkhofrek pfostd fe cd moedldnfc fstdemdòfetk

y cd rfmfsoe.

Cks fmkekòstds nf cks f`prfsdroks mkoemo-

nfe quf cd vkcdtocondn nf cd `kefnd sf nfhf d

gdmtkrfs fxtfreks. ^knks rfsdctde cd oemfrtonu`-

hrf fxostfetf dcrfnfnkr nf cds nfmosokefs nf cd

Xfsfrvd Gfnfrdc k fc nfspck`f nf cks prfmoks nfc

pftrcfk. Cks `s rfednks voscu`hrde ktrks

fcf`fetks dnomokedcfs fe sus rfspfmtovds hkcds nf

mrostdcfmkeòmds.

Nfc cdnk fxtfrek, pufnfe motdrsf cd mrososlrofld1 fc nfspck`f hurstoc mjoek (dcrfnfnkr

nf =2 pkr mofetk nfsnf iueok) y fc tf`kr d ued

pksohcf mrosos oe`khocodrod fe fsf pds, ds mk`k

cd rdcfetozdmoe nf su fmkek`d (su mrfmoòfetk

pknrd uhomdrsf fe < pkr mofetk k pkmk feks fe

8246 y 8247, su tdsd `s hdid fe 8> dks y nos-

tdetf nf cds nf pkmk `s nf 42 pkr mofetk rflos-

trdnd fe ue d`pcok pfroknk), ck quf jd dgfmtdnk

sus fxpkrtdmokefs f o`pkrtdmokefs fe dcrfnfnkr

nf 46 pkr mofetk y 4= pkr mofetk, fe mdnd mdsk,

dgfmtdenk d pdsfs mk`k Drlfetoed k Hrdsoc, qu

sf femufetrd fe rfmfsoe1 cd mdnd nf cks prfmok

nf ktrds `dtfrods pro`ds (`ftdcfs, pkr fif`pc

y nf cks dco`fetks.

Dclueks nf fsks dedcostds mkesonfrde quf

fmkek`d `fxomded mketrohuyf d cd nfhocondn ncd `kefnd9 fc skekrk grdmdsk nf cd pro`fr

comotdmoe nf cd Xkend Vek pftrkcfrd rfprovdtozd

nkrd1 fc nftfrokrk nf cds edezds phcomds9 cd mdn

nf cks oelrfsks nfc Fstdnk y fc kstfesohcf du`fet

nfc nmot smdc y nf cd nfund phcomd1 cks setk

`ds nf ued eufvd gdsf rfmfsovd nf cd fmkek`

`fxomded.

De ds, @drok Mkrrfd, fmkekòstd fe if

pdrd @xomk nf ]mktodhdea, jd skstfeonk qu

cks guend`fetks `dmrkfmkeòmks nf @xom

ske rdzkedhcf`fetf hufeks, duequf rfspfmtk d quf tfed`ks jdmf pkmks dks jde tfeonk dcl

nftfrokrk, mk`k cd pksomoe smdc nfc lkhofrek

Xdrds vfmfs fsks dedcostds y fc lkhofrek fx

pcomde qu fetofenfe pkr guend`fetks `dmrk

fmkeòmks sconks k rdzkedhcfs.

]f rffrfe dmdsk dc mudso fquocohrok smdc

cd hdid oedmoe quf nfsnf 4?:= dsxode dc mrfm

oòfetk nfsnf cd mued;

Fe su drtmuck Ck quf ek jozk @xomk pdr

fvotdr ued tkr`fetd edemofrd (puhcomdnk f

cd rfvostd Fxpdesoe fc 7 nf dlkstk pdsdnk), Dgrfnk Mkutok, norfmtkr pdrd D`romd Cdtoed n

@kknys Dedcytoms, sf qufid pkrquf cd pkctom

fmkeòmd pfostd fs mkiotrdemd9 @xomk fst fe

grfetdenk cd vkcdtocondn edemofrd nf `defr

oefmofetf f oemk`pcftd. ^knk fc mkstk nfc dius

sf fst mdrldenk dc topk nf md`hok. Fc rfeuemod

dc usk nfc d`krtoludnkr nkhcf cf fst mkstdenk

pds rfsfrvds oetfredmokedcfs muyk nrfedif pknr

pkefr fe rofslk cd fstdhocondn edemofrd.

Fc pds, dlrfld Mkutok, fst mdòedenk f

`fnok nf cd tkr`fetd gedemofrd mke sck ued pofred9 topk nf md`hok. Cd ktrd pofred, cd tdsd nf oetfr

cd jde oe`kvocozdnk cds dutkrondnfs `keftdrod

hdik fc drlu`fetk nf quf cfs mkstdrd `s nfsd

`drrdrcd. Rkr ck tdetk jde prfgfronk mdrldrcf

pfsk tknk fc mkstk nf cd vkcdtocondn. @xomk pk

nrd jdhfrsf nfgfenonk `fikr nfc tf`pkrdcede

mofrk so juhofrd utocozdnk fc topk nf md`hok y c

tdsd nf oetfrs nf tdc `defrd quf fc o`pdmtk n


41/68

www.mketrdcoefd.mk`.`x >

FMKE@OMK DECO]O]

cd vkcdtocondn sf jdhrd nostrohuonk fetrf cds nks

vdrodhcfs. Ds, fc pfsk ek sf jdhrd nfprfmodnk

tdetk yd quf cd tdsd nf oetfrs jdhrd dhskrhonk

pdrtf nfc mjkquf fxtfrek.

D iuomok nf Mkutok, fc fxmfsk nf coquonfz

lckhdc hk`hfdnk d rdz nf cd rfmfsoe nfc 822:-

822?, fc pfsk fxomdek sf rfvdcu fe 86 pkr mofe-

tk y cd tdsd nf oetfrs sf rfnuik fe 6.86 puetks

pkrmfetudcfs, jdstd cd tdsd nf = pkr mofetk. Rfrkfstks kvoòfetks nf noefrk hdrdtk y dhuendetf

frde drtomodcfs, tf`pkrdcfs, y djkrd tfenr quf

rflrfsdrsf d cd ekr`dcondn nf cd fsmdsfz y nfc

edemodòfetk mdrk. ^knk nfpfenfr muc sfd

fe eovfc nf cds tdsds quf if cd Xfsfrvd Gfnf-

rdc. @ofetrds `s sf rftrdsf fc dczd nf cks rno-

tks, fe tdetk sf `detfeld fsd pofred d`drrdnd,

`s mkstksk sfr fc diustf (www.meefxpdesoke.mk`/

fmkekòd/8246/2:/2=/`fxomk-mdòed-fe-ued-tkr-

`fetd-gedemofrd-mke-skck-ued-pofred).

]oe f`hdrlk, cd prkpufstd nf Mkutok o`-pcomd ued ldedemod pkr pdrtond nkhcf d cks dpks-

tdnkrfs nfc mdsoekedemofrk `fxomdek y nf ktrds

cdtotunfs. Fe fspfmodc pdrd cks tohurkefs, fxpfrtks

fe edndr fe dluds turhucfetds, fe lfefrdr momcks

fspfmucdtovks drtomodcfs.

Nf jfmjk, ds sumfnfr. Xfmurnfsf cd d`dr-

ld fxpfrofemod nf cd cohrd fstfrcoed, nfrru`hdnd

pkr fc sdcvdif dtdquf fspfmucdtovk nf Lfkrlf ]k-

rks, fe 4??8, quf cf pfròto f`hkcsdrsf dcrfnf-

nkr nf 4 òc òcckefs nf ncdrfs fe 8> jkrds. K

cd nfc pfsk fxomdek y drlfetoek, fc ruhck y ktrdstdetds `kefnds. Dc nfspck`f `keftdrok cf jd

sfluonk fc dczd tdrnd nf cds tdsds nf oetfrs. Ve

hkmdnocck dnomokedc.

Cks fspfmucdnkrfs nf 8246 yd jde ldednk fe

su dpufstd fe mketrd nfc pfsk y ktrds novosds. _

ldedre `s mke fc dczd nf cks rnotks, pkrquf

cks pdsfs suhnfsdrrkccdnks, mkekmonks mke fc fu-

gfòs`k nf f`frlfetfs, tfenre quf pdldr

`s oetfrfsfs quf cks pdldnks fe Fstdnks Veo-

nks y fe ktrks pdsfs nfsdrrkccdnks, pdrd trdtdr

nf fvotdr quf cd sdcond nf mdpotdcfs cks nfsgkenfe.

Cks mkstks cks pdldre cks mkesuònkrfs, cks

prknumtkrfs, cks nfunkrfs, cks o`pkrtdnkrfs y cd

fmkek`d fe su mkeiuetk.

Fsd jostkrod fs mmcomd`fetf vofid y mjkmdetf-

`fetf tfnoksd.

@xomk sugrf cds mkesfmufemods nf su suhkr-noedmoe pdsovd d cd zked nf oeufemod nfc ncdr

fstdnueonfesf, dlrdvdnds pkr fc f`pfmoedò-

fetk nf ek o`pkefr rflucdmokefs d cks uiks nf

mdpotdcfs fspfmucdtovks, nf mkrtk pcdzk (o`pufs-

tks, tof`pk nf pfr`defemod, `ketk nf mdpotdcfs

rfpdtrodnks, fetrf ktrds `fnonds), mke fc khiftk

nf drrkidr drfed fe cds rufnds nf cd fspfmucdmoe,

mk`k jd prkpufstk nfsnf 4?


42/68

FMKE@OMK

>8 4< nf dlkstk nf 8246

DECO]O]

nds d rfvdcudrsf k nfvdcudrsf.

Fe cd lrmd 4 sf ùfstrd cks md`hoks nf

cd rfcdmoe ekòedc nfc ncdr mke ktrds `kef-

nds. Feroquf Rfd Eoftk sfdcdhd quf @xo-

mk cohrdhd `fikr cd lufrrd nf cds `kefnds. Cd

dsfvfrdmoe, f`pfrk, fs pdrmodc`fetf mofrtd, soe

nfidr nf rfmkekmfr quf cds pdrondnfs nf Hrdsoc,Mkck`hod k urqud jde sonk cds s mdstoldnds

jdstd fc `k`fetk.

Fe cds lrmds 8 y = sf ufstrd fc mk`pkrtd`-

ofetk nfc pfsk fxomdek. Fe 8242, 8244 y 824= sf

rfvdcd grfetf dc ncdr. Fc prk`fnok deudc ekòedc

sf nfprfmod >.8 pkr mofetk fe 824> y 4> pkr mofetk

jdstd fc 6 nf dlkstk nf 8246.

Fc prkmfsk nf nftfrokrk nfc pfsk prmtomd-

`fetf sf oeomo d edcfs nf `dyk. Fc cto`k nd

nf fsf `fs cd pdrondn frd nf 48.:6 pfsks pkr

ncdr. Rdrd fc 6 nf dlkstk sf uhomdhd fe 47.=: pf-sks pkr ncdr. Fsk soleomd ued nfprfmodmoe nf

8>.6 pkr mofetk. @s dnfcdetf pknrd supfrdr cks

4< pfsks pkr ncdr. Fc eovfc `xo`k fs oemofrtk.

Cd rfvdcudmoe sf fxpcomd pkr fc oelrfsk nf

mdpotdcfs, nfhonk d quf cd Xfsfrvd Gfnfrdc hdid

cd tdsd fgfmtovd nf gkenks gfnfrdcfs pdrd fegrfe-

tdr fc mkcdpsk edemofrk. Fetrf cks `fsfs nf iu-

cok nf 8227 y 822< std fs nf 6.8> pkr mofetk y

6.87 pkr mofetk. D pdrtor nf kmtuhrf d `feks n

4 puetk pkrmfetudc y nfsnf fsf `k`fetk prk

`fnod ued tdsd nf 2.4> pkr mofetk. Dmtudc`fe

fs nf 2.4= pkr mofetk.

Cd nfprfmodmoe fs mkesfmufemod nfc rofsl

nfc du`fetk nf nomjd tdsd, cd mudc, quoz oeomofsf momck fe sfptof`hrf k ck quf rfstd nfc d

Dclueks fsto`de quf pknrd suhor lrdnudc`fet

jdstd oestdcdrsf fe dcrfnfnkr nf > puetks pk

mfetudcfs. Mudenk ccfluf fc nd gdtdc, ktrds tdsd

mk`k cks hkeks nfc lkhofrek gfnfrdc fstdnue

nfesf, td`hoe oeomodre su tfenfemod dsmfenfet

Nf jfmjk, cds tdsds pdldnds pkr cks hkeks nf 4

42 dks, ùfstrde ued `knfstd dczd nfsnf edc

nf 824>, prkpomodenk fc rfdmk`knk nf cks uiks n

mdpotdc jdmod fsd edmoe.

Fe pdrtf, fsd sotudmoe td`hoe sf nfhf d cmdnd nf cks prfmoks nfc pftrcfk fe fc sfluen

sf`fstrf nf 824>. Rfrk nfsnf edcfs nf sfptof`

hrf nfc òs`k dk, sf ddno fc tf`kr nfc du

`fetk nf cks rnotks, quf fe mudcquofr k`fe

pufnf nfmrftdr cd Xfsfrvd Gfnfrdc.

Nfsnf fsf k`fetk, cd fsquozkgrfeod fspfm

cdtovd sf oestdc fe cks `frmdnks edemofrks y,

mdnd tdetk, fstdccde cks dtdqufs nf jostfrod.

Cd vkcdtocondn y vucefrdhocondn nfc pfsk rf

fid cd coòtdnd mdpdmondn nf cds suhdstds n

ncdrfs, pkr ek nfmor su oeutocondn. Fe ue `fmdnk nkenf sf fsto`d quf sf eflkmode pkmk `

nf 82 òc òcckefs nf ncdrfs, cks fgfmtks nf ck

ncdrfs vfenonks pkr fc hdemk mfetrdc rfsuctd

`drloedcfs. Nfsnf cd pufstd fe `drmjd nf fs

oestru`fetk nf oetfrvfemoe fe fc `frmdnk n

novosds (ek fs tde cohrf mk`k sf nomf), fe 8227

ek sf khsfrvde rfsuctdnks dcfetdnkrfs.

Cks fsgufrzks pkr `detfefr cd fstdhocond

md`hodrod ske o`pkrtdetfs pdrd cks prklrd`d

fmkeòmks deudcfs. Fe 8246 sf fsto`d ued pdr

ndn `fnod nf 4= pfsks pkr ncdr, mketrd cd n4=.4 pkr ncdr nf 824>. Fs nfmor, sf jdhd prkyf

tdnk ued rfvdcudmoe `drloedc pdrd trdtdr n

cklrdr cd ftd nf prfmoks9 = pkr mofetk, +-4 puet

pkrmfetudc. Rdrd oeomoks nf dlkstk, fs nf 46.87 p

sks pkr ncdr, 4< pkr mofetk `s dctk nf cd `ft

prklrd`dnd.

Dc nfsgkendrsf cd pdrondn td`hoe nfsgken

fc tfrmfr dk pfostd.


43/68


44/68

FNVMDÔWK

>> 4< nf dlkstk nf 8246

DECO]O]

Cd prknummoe nf mkekmoòfetks fst fe iuflk. Cd ccd`dnd rfgkr`d fnumdtovd husmd `knoffl mdr cd

rfcdmokefs cdhkrdcfs fe fc `dlostfrok y pkr fcck rfmurrf d cd gufrzd phcomd, cd d`fedzd, fc tfrrkr y cd

kmupdmoe pkcomodmd nf cks fspdmoks fnumdtovks. Fc ffl e cto`k9 provdtozdr cds fsmufcds y ueovfrsondnfs

pdrd ndr pdsk dc lrde eflkmok mdpotdcostd fe su gdsf mkleotovd

CFW @KVIDJON WFCYTVFY HDXXOLD, JO]^KXODNKX _ RXKGF]KX1 @OF@HXK NFC MFE^XK ]OENOMDC NF OEWF]ÔLDMOE

OEEKWDMOE FNVMDÔWD NF CD MKKXNOEDNKXD EDMOKEDC NF ^XDHDIDNKXF] NF CD FNVMDMOE FE @OMJKDME

MFMOCOD

@DXÊFY_48=X

G

fc eufvk prkcftdrokNKMFE^F


45/68

www.mketrdcoefd.mk`.`x >

FNVMDÔWK DECO]O]

Fc oevfstoldnkr mkck`hodek @drmk Xdc

@fid jd pufstk fe cd nosmusoe skhrf cd

fnumdmoe ue gfe`fek quf vdroks oe-

tfcfmtudcfs cdtoekd`fromdeks jdhde dnvfrtonk

mk`k prkmfsks nf ùtdmoe nfc mdpotdcos`k9 quf

fstdhde md`hodenk cd mk`pksomoe y cds gkr`dsnf fxpcktdmoe nfc trdhdik pdrd dsflurdr fe cks

`k`fetks nf cd mrosos nfc sostf`d cks eovfcfs nf

ldedemod nfsprkpkrmokednks quf khtofefe cds `s

lrdenfs f`prfsds nf fstf pcdeftd.

Fc gfe`fek dc quf eks rfgfro`ks, y quf nf

jfmjk ck fstd`ks prfsfemodenk, sf rfcdmoked mke

cd gufrtf oevfrsoe quf ued pfqufd fcotf nf cks

`s romks nfc ùenk fst jdmofenk pdrd prknu-

mor mkekmoòfetk, quf prokrotdrod`fetf sf dpcomd

fe cd ccd`dnds tfmekcklds nf cd oegkr`dmoe y

cd mkùeomdmoe1 fs nfmor quf cks quf norolfefc sostf`d mdpotdcostd y quf detfs dpkstdrke d

feroqufmfrsf nf gkr`d nfsmkùedc skhrf cd oe-

vfrsoe fe cd oenustrod dutk`ktroz, jky fste

jdmofenk lrdenfs gkrtueds fe fc eflkmok nf prk-

numor mkekmoòfetkdpcomdnk d cds edek k pfqufds

tfmekcklds.

Fstf prkmfsk fe fc quf sf prknumf ue topk nf

`frmdemd quf sf ccd`d mdpotdc mkleotovk, quf

ek sf pufnf pdcpdr k tkmdr, fe ktrds pdcdhrds, ek fs

`dtfrodc, soek oe`dtfrodc, fst mrfdenk ue eufvk

trdhdidnkr fxpcktdnk dc quf sf cf fxtrdf fgfmtovd-`fetf su gufrzd vovd nf trdhdik, pfrk td`hoe sf

cf nfspkid nfc mkekmoòfetk quf fst lfefrdenk

pdrd quf jdld vdcfr umjk s ue dpdrdtk mk`k

fc tfcgkek mfcucdr, quf ck quf rfdc`fetf ck jdmf

tde mdrk ek fs fc mkstk nf su fesd`hcdif k nf cks

`dtfrodcfs mke cks quf fst jfmjk, eo fc tof`pk quf

sf tdrnd fe prknumorck fe ued `dquocd, soek sus

dpcomdmokefs y nospksotovks.

Fstf trdhdidnkr nfc mkekmoòfetkfs ue eufvk prk-

cftdrok nfc mdpotdcos`k nf eufstrk tof`pk. Fetfenfr

fstk nfsnf ck fnumdtovk eks ccfvd d cd mkemcusoe

nf quf cds fsmufcds fste trdesgkrènksf dmkrnf

d cds ùtdmokefs nfc sostf`d9 fccds guemokede mk`k

f`prfsds dnòeostrdnds fe fsd clomd pdrd prknu-mor mdpotdc ju`dek, eks rfgfro`ks d jdhocondnfs

nolotdcfs, `dtf`tomds y nf cd mkùeomdmoe, quf

cks f`prfsdroks ccd`de mk`pftfemods, pdrd quf

pufnde sfr utocozdnds fe cd prknummoe nf `s

mdpotdc k, fe fc pfkr nf cks mdsks, mk`k hdsf pdrd

quf cks dcuèks sfde mkesuònkrfs nf tfmekckld.

Dqufccd vofid nosmusoe nf so cks `dfstrks ske

k ek prkcftdroks, pkrquf nf ued pdrtf sf dsu`fe

onfkclomd`fetf mk`k kproònks fe cds mdccfs, pf-

rk pkr ktrd ek fstdhde fe cd ghromd nkenf sf prk-

numf y pkr tdetk ek pknde sfr mkesonfrdnks mk`ktrdhdidnkrfs fxpcktdnks, jky dnquofrf eufvds no-

`fesokefs y drostds. Fe tknk fstf mk`pcfik prkmf-

sk, cds y cks `dfstrks mk`k trdhdidnkrfs nfc mkek-

moòfetk sf fste prkcftdrozdenk. Jdy quofefs

yd cks mdrdmtfrozde mk`k fc mkleotdrodnk, pkrquf

`dquocde nfsnf cd fsmufcd cd proemopdc `frmdemd

quf

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