Curso CIIEPI 2013_Comunicaciones

11/13/2013

1

1 onsulting GroupRC

Seminario Internacional Smart Grids IITutorial

Infraestructura de Comunicaciones para Smart Grids

Renato Cspedes

Noviembre 20 de 2013

2 onsulting GroupRC

Contenido

Definicin Identificacin de datos Valor de los datos Aproximacin de una solucin Medios Conclusiones

11/13/2013

2

3 onsulting GroupRC 3

Marco Conceptual Smart Grids

AMI

AMI

AMI

HAN

PMU

4 onsulting GroupRC

La Red Actual

EPRI, SG Cost Benefit, 2011

11/13/2013

3

5 onsulting GroupRC

La Red Inteligente

EPRI, SG Cost Benefit, 2011

6 onsulting GroupRC

La Red Actual

http://www.smartgrid.epri.com/doc/9-AEP Smart Grid Project Overview_Tom Walker.pdf

11/13/2013

4

7 onsulting GroupRC

La Red Inteligente

http://www.smartgrid.epri.com/doc/9-AEP Smart Grid Project Overview_Tom Walker.pdf

8 onsulting GroupRC

Definicin de las Smart Grids segn la Agencia Internacional de Energa - IEA

Una Smart Grid es una red elctrica que: utiliza tecnologas digitales y formas avanzadas de monitoreo y gestin

del transporte de electricidad desde todas las fuentes de generacin para satisfacer la diferentes demandas de los usuarios.

coordina las necesidades y potencial de todos los generadores, operadores de red, consumidores y participantes del mercado para operar todo el sistema

Lo mas eficientemente posible, Minimizando costos e impactos ambientales Maximizando la confiabilidad, la resiliencia y la estabilidad del

sistema.

Un encuesta que son Smart Grids dara seguramente tantas definiciones como encuestados

11/13/2013

5

9 onsulting GroupRC

Que vamos a transmitir: Aumento en Volumen y Frecuencia

Ejemplos: PMUs: 30 muestras por segundo en lugar de 1 cada 10 segundos,

factor de incremento x 100

AMI: 1 muestra cada 15 minutos en lugar de 1 cada mes, factor de incremento x 3000 (lo anterior si solo tomamos energa a nivel de usuario)

Sensores de todo tipo de informacin: Medio ambiente Temperatura conductores Descargas parciales

Problema del BIG DATA

10 onsulting GroupRC

BIG DATA: Intelligent Electronic Devices

Autogrid, Turning Big Data Into Power, Nov.2013

11/13/2013

6


BIG DATA: AMI



Qu vamos a hacer con los datos?

Pensar primero en el procesamiento de los datos, la integracin con otros sistemas que requieren los datos, antes de comenzar a transmitirlos!!

11/13/2013

7


Modelo de Referencia para el Sistema Elctrico 2.0

Dimensin

Digital

Dimensin

Analgica

INTERFACE (IF)

PHYSICAL (P)


Digital Dimension

Analogue Dimension

IEDs PMUs AMI Sensores

Information

Medicionesdel sistema

Fasor:-ngulo-tensin

Energa Entregaday recibida

Estado Servicio

Condicin delos equipos

INTERFACE

Control

11/13/2013

8


Dimensin

Digital

Dimensin

AnlogicaPHYSICAL (P)

INTERFACE (IF)

COMMUNICATION (C)

SYSTEM (S)

MODEL (M)

ANLISIS (A)

INTELLIGENCE (I)

Modelo de Referencia para el Sistema Elctrico 2.0


Geographic Information Integration Es costoso

recoger y

mantener los

datos

Regla de Pareto:

20% es el precio

del sistema, 80%

es el valor del

sistema

Imperativo sacar

provecho de la

inversin

11/13/2013

9


Interconexiones en la NERC


Medicion de oscilaciones con base en PMUs

11/13/2013

10


Diagrama de frecuencia de Oscilaciones


Vista de Impacto Geogrfico

11/13/2013

11


Monitoreo de Area Amplia


Medidas Transformador Transmisin

11/13/2013

12


Medidas Transformador Distribucin


Medidas de un breaker SF6

11/13/2013

13


Vision General del Transformador


Monitoreo gas disuelto

11/13/2013

14


Monitoreo Unidades de Enfriamiento


Monitoreo bushing

11/13/2013

15


Breaker SF6


El Poder de los Datos: Demand Response


11/13/2013

16


El Poder de los Datos: Vehculos Elctricos



Costo


11/13/2013

17


33

Arquitectura: Island Project Scheme


34

Integrated Project Scheme

11/13/2013

18


Arquitectura

EMS/SCADA y AMI

SG Reference Architecture, Vol 1, SCE, CISCO, IBM


Arquitectura

Integracin a nivel de comunicaciones y de sistemas


11/13/2013

19


Arquitectura

Integracin basada en estndares de servicio abiertos



Advantages of the approach

Components can be added, replaced or modified without affecting the remainder of the system

Components are distributable (can run on arbitrary servers) Components communicate with each other by messages or

service invocations

Component interfaces are defined using standard metadata Component interfaces are discoverable by application

developers

One component can replace another with the same interface Services can be used multiple times by disparate applications

or the same application.


11/13/2013

20




Gestion

Es importante una gestin centralizada en tiempo real de toda la arquitectura


11/13/2013

21


Algunos Cambio Tecnolgicos


DA Communication Technologies

Wired Wireless

Telephone wire Utility-operated radio

Optic fiber Unlicensed radio

Personal Communications Systems

Cellular telephone

802.11 (WiFi)

11/13/2013

22


Fiber Optic Cable

Becoming commonplace in utilities for voice and data transmission

Offer many advantages extremely high data transmission rates immunity from electromagnetic interference lack of licensing requirements can be brought into the substation without concern for

protection against ground rise voltages

Cost effective for very high data transmission rates in a point-to-point configuration

Not as cost effective for DA applications, with point-to-multipoint configuration

Modest data transmission speed requirements


Licensed Radio

UHF radioMAS = multiple address system

Old allocation: 12 paired bands at 928/952 MHz restricted to point-to-multipoint fixed bands available are 12.5 and 25 kHz wide data rates up to 9,600 bps a minimum of four remote sites for each master commonly used for feeder and customer interface

automation

Unpaired bands at 952 MHz for point-to-point

New allocation of 20 bands at 932/941 MHz Point-to-point and point-to-multipoint, fixed and mobile Auctioned

11/13/2013

23


902-928 MHz or 2.4 GHz band

Low power, spread-spectrum transmission

Regulated under FCC Part 15

Confined to short distances

Useful for the last-mile segment when a site cannot be reached by MAS

Unlicensed Radio

(Sp.Spectrum

MAS


Also used for last 100 yards from customer site to local concentrator equipment for AMR

Advantage: no license required Disadvantage: no license required

Unlicensed Radio (2)

11/13/2013

24


Personal Communications Systems

Older, one-way paging technology had been used for load management

Use of PCS (personal communications services) represents a potential communications niche for DA

Two services:

Narrow band PCS (900 MHz)

Wide band PCS (2 GHz)

Offered for AMR; requires development for feeder automation


Trunking Radio

A multi-frequency, computer-controlled radio system used for field communications.

Mostly in the 800 MHz band

One of the frequencies (the control channel) is used to broadcast digital data that is used to

control the portable radios in the field.

As another niche technology, the control channel can be used for DA communications

11/13/2013

25


Satellite Radio

Two approaches: Synchronous satellite Low earth orbiting (LEO) satellite

LEO Synchronous

22,300 mi

36,000 km

11/13/2013

26


Satellite Radio (3)

Low earth orbiting (LEO) satellites

Communications latency (average about one minute) until satellite in view

Pay by the message and byte special software in user terminal

(infrequent and/or unsolicited messages)

UTILITY CONTROL CENTER

SHARED HUB

SATELLITE

UTs

NETWORK

MANAGEMENT

CENTER


Satellite Radio (4)

Various frequency bands: 130/150 MHz; C-band (4/6 GHz), & Ku-band (12/14 GHz)

Advantages Near-universal coverage Good reliability

Disadvantages Cost Transmission delays Blackout periods due to sun Attenuation in heavy rain (Ku band)

11/13/2013

27


Cellular Telephone Network Several competing technologies

Use of control channel on analog AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service), 800 MHz

CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data)

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)

The field is rapidly evolving

Currently, most applications are for AMI

Recently also being offered for applications in feeder automation

Potentially holds the promise of economical and wide-spread coverage


Cellular Telephone Network (2)

GPRS Good Data Rates - up to 171.2 kbps Uses all eight time slots Immediacy near real time connectivity Supports FTP, TCP/IP and Telnet and all WWW interfaces Supports Global System Mobile (GSM) and IS 136 TDMA

11/13/2013

28


Summary of Technologies

Application Technology Utility-operated? To

s/s

Within

s/s

To

feeder

To cus-

tomer

Telephone wire N X X

Optic fiber Y X X

Utility-operated licensed radio Y X X X

Unlicensed radio Y X X X

PCS N X X

Trunking radio Y X X

Satellite N X

Cellular telephone

802.11

N

Y

X

X

X

X


Hybrid Communication Systems

Hybrid systems comprising two or more communication media are commonly used for DA applications

High transmission rate communications such as fiber optic or microwave radio are used for point-to-point data transmission

Slower communication technologies such as UHF radio or distribution line carrier used from remote locations to remote units

11/13/2013

29


Hybrid Communication Systems (2)

Control

center

Subst.

Optic

Fiber

Microwave radio

Subst.

Spread

spectrum

radio

MAS radio


Conclusiones

Las comunicaciones son fundamentales para el desarrollo de las Smart Grids

Las necesidades de comunicaciones de las Smart Grids se pueden asimilar al problema de Big Data

Debemos considerar e implantar todos los elementos de la solucin ANTES de comenzar a transmitir el primer bit

Las soluciones de comunicaciones deben basarse en una arquitectura estandarizada con base en estndares abiertos de la industria

Los medios generalmente van a ser hbridos que puedan convivir

No olvidar la CIBERSEGURIDAD en la solucin

11/13/2013

30


Muchas [email protected]

Documents

Curso CIIEPI 2013_Comunicaciones