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Centro deInvestigaciones Energéticas,Medioambientalesy Tecnológicas
Miner
Curva de calibración enespectrómetros de germanioa partir de disolucionescalibradas porcentelleo líquido
A. Grau A. ÁlvarezN. Navarro S. SalvadorL. Rodríguez C. Díaz
VOL 2 7 Ib 1 5
Informes Técnicos Ciemat 794Abril 1996
Informes Técnicos Ciemat 794Abril 1996
Curva de calibración enespectrómetros de germanioa partir de disolucionescalibradas porcentelleo líquido
A. GrauN. NavarroL. Rodríguez
A. AlvarezS. SalvadorC. Díaz
Dirección de Tecnología
Toda correspondencia en relación con este trabajo debe dirigirse al Servicio deInformación y Documentación, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales yTecnológicas, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040-MADRID, ESPAÑA.
Las solicitudes de ejemplares deben dirigirse a este mismo Servicio.
Los descriptores se han seleccionado del Thesauro del DOE para describir lasmaterias que contiene este informe con vistas a su recuperación. La catalogación se hahecho utilizando el documento DOE/TIC-4602 (Rev. 1) Descriptive Cataloguing On-Line, y laclasificación de acuerdo con el documento DOE/TIC.4584-R7 Subject Categories and Scopepublicados por el Office of Scientific and Technical Information del Departamento de Energíade los Estados Unidos.
Se autoriza la reproducción de los resúmenes analíticos que aparecen en estapublicación.
Depósito Legal: M-14226-1995ÑIPO: 238-96-001-0ISSN: 1135-9420
Editorial CIEMAT
"Curva de calibración en espectrómetros de germanio a partir dedisoluciones calibradas por centelleo líquido"
Grau. A.; Navarro, N.; Rodríguez Barquero, L; Álvarez, A.; Salvador, S.; Díaz, C.40 pp. 2 figs. 5 refs.
Resumen ,
Los emisores beta-gamma 60Co, 137Cs, 1311,210Pb y1291 son, entre otros, algunos de losradionucleidos para los que el método CIEMAT/NIST permite asegurar una calibración conincertidumbres menores que el 1%. A partir de disoluciones previamente calibradas de estosradionucleidos se han preparado muestras, en viales de 20 mi., y se han obtenido las curvasde calibración eficiencia-energía en dos espectrómetros de germanio.
"Calibration curve for germanium spectrometers from solutions calibratedby liquid scintillation counting"
Grau. A.; Navarro, N.; Rodríguez Barquero, L; Alvarez, A.; Salvador, S.; Díaz, C.40 pp. 2 figs. 5 refs.
Abstract
The beta-gamma emitters 60Co, 137Cs, 1311,210Pb y1291 are radionuclides for which thecalibration by the CIEMAT/NIST method is possible with uncertainties less than 1%. Weprepared, from standardized solutions of these radionuclides, samples in vials of 20 ml. Weobtained the calibration curves, efficiency as a function of energy, for two germanium detectors.
ÍNDICE
1. Introducción 1
2. Elaboración de la curva de calibración 2
2.1. Calibración de las disoluciones por centelleo líquido 2
2.2. Selección de fotopicos 3
3. Resultados 3
4. Conclusiones 4
REFERENCIAS 6
RELACIÓN DE FIGURAS 7
RELACIÓN DE TABLAS 10
1. Introducción
La comprobación del método de calibración de muestras radiactivaslíquidas conocido como método CIEMAT/NIST [1,2] precisa disponer de unnúmero elevado de patrones calibrados. En esta línea de verificación delmétodo ya se han realizado esfuerzos por parte del NIST (National Instituteof Standards and Technology) [3] y del PTB (Physikalische-TechnischeBundesanstalt) [4], pudiéndose asegurar en estos momentos la calibraciónpor centelleo líquido de ciertos radionucleidos con incertidumbres menoresque el 1%.
Afortunadamente son muchos los laboratorios que disponen deequipos de centelleo líquido conjuntamente con espectrómetros gamma desemiconductor. Es, por tanto, factible emplear ambas técnicassimultáneamente. En este sentido, es importante resaltar que existenradionucleidos clasificados como gamma que, por sus características, puedencalibrarse con mayor Habilidad por centelleo líquido. Este es el caso del 210Pb,el cual presenta emisión gamma débil en energía e intensidad. Sin embargo,la eficiencia de recuento por centelleo líquido, debido a la presencia del 210Biy el 210Po, puede llegar a ser de 290%, en el caso de muestras de extinciónmoderada.
Son varios los radionucleidos emisores de radiación gamma para losque se ha realizado una verificación exhaustiva del método CIEMAT/NIST.Estos son: 60Co, 137Cs, 131L 210Pb y 129I; a ios cuales podemos añadir el 241Am,cuya calibración es inmediata, ya que la eficiencia de recuento es 100%.
Evidentemente, debido a la dificultad de elaborar modelos precisos enel caso de radionucleidos que presentan esquemas de desintegracióncomplicados, el método CIEMAT/NIST puede, en ciertos casos, estar sujetoa errores importantes. Es significativo el caso de nucleidos que sedesintegran por captura electrónica, para los que el método siguepresentando imprecisiones importantes. Es, por tanto, aconsejable recurrir aotras técnicas de calibración, como podría ser la espectrometría gamma, conel fin de poder precisar el origen de dichas imprecisiones.
Para la elaboración de las curvas de eficiencia del fotopico en funciónde la energía del fotón, a partir de las disoluciones calibradas por centelleolíquido, se han empleado dos espectrómetros de germanio. El primero,perteneciente a la Unidad de Metrología de Radiaciones Ionizantes de laDirección de Tecnología del CIEMAT, lo denominaremos espectrómetro A,
1
mientras que, el segundo, del Servicio de Protección Radiológica de laSecretaría General Técnica del CIEMAT, espectrómetro B. Las característicastécnicas de cada uno de estos espectrómetros se detallan en la Tabla 1.
2. Elaboración de la curva de calibración
Para la determinación de la curva de calibración de ambosespectrómetros de germanio, se prepararon dos muestras de cada uno de losradionucleidos 60Co, 137Cs, 131I, 210Pb, 133Ba y 129I, añadiendo, en viales decentelleo vacíos, 20 mi de las disoluciones radiactivas previamentecalibradas mediante el método CIEMAT/NIST. Las características químicasde las disoluciones radiactivas empleadas se muestran en la Tabla 2. Laacidulación de las muestras, así como la adición de portador, tuvieron porobjeto evitar fenómenos de adsorción en las muestras de centelleo líquido.Los viales seleccionados para realizar las medidas por espectrometríagamma, así como por centelleo líquido, fueron de vidrio de la firmacomercial Packard, de diámetro interno 27.3 mm.
2.2. Calibración de las disoluciones por centelleo líquido
Las muestras de centelleo líquido se prepararon añadiendovolumétricamente, y posteriormente controlando por pesada, 1 mi de ladisolución en viales con 14 mi de centelleador Insta-Gel. Para efectuar lasmedidas, se empleó un espectrómetro de la firma LKB-Wallac, modelo 1219Rackbeta Spectral. La determinación de la eficiencia de recuentocorrespondiente a cada radionucleido se realizó a partir de las Tablas 3-8,empleando la curva de calibración, eficiencia de recuento en función delgrado de extinción, para el 3H en 15 mi Insta-Gel (Tabla 9). Los pasosseguidos se detallan a continuación:
(i) Para las muestras problema (60Co, 137Cs, 131L etc) en centelleolíquido se determinó el grado de extinción SQP(E).
(ii) Una vez conocido el valor de SQP(E) se obtuvo, a partir de lacurva de calibración del 3H (Tabla 9), la eficiencia de recuento del 3H,correspondiente a cada valor de SQP(E).
(iii) A continuación, empleando la Tabla 3, se determinó elparámetro libre para las eficiencias del 3H obtenidas en el punto (ii).
(iv) Dados los parámetros libres, y empleando las Tablas 4-8, segúnconvenga, se interpoló la eficiencia de recuento.
2.2. Selección de fotopicos
Para la calibración del espectrómetro A se calcularon las áreas de losfotopicos de energías en keV: 1332 (6°Co), 1173 (60Co), 722 0^1), 637 (1311),364 (131I), 284 (131I), 46.5 (210Pb). A partir de los cinco primeros valores, seajustó una recta en escala logio-logio, de la cual se obtuvo la actividad de ladisolución de 133Ba, utilizándose el pico más intenso de 356 keV (133Ba). Lasáreas de los fotopicos 160 keV (133Ba), 80 keV (133Ba) y 53 keV (133Ba)completaron la curva de la Figura 1. En la elaboración de la curva decalibración del espectrómetro B se emplearon las areas de los fotopicos deenergías en keV: 1332 (60Co), 1173 (60Co), 661 037Cs), 384 (133Ba), 356 (133Ba),302 033Ba), 276 (133Ba), 80 (133Ba), 59.5 (241 Am), 46.5 (210Pb), 39.5 (129I), 31.9(rayos x Ka , y K t t2,137Cs), 29.5 (rayos x Ka, y KK2,129i). El área de los
fotopicos se calculó según la expresión:
n-o
en la que a y b son los canales inicial y final para el fotopico, y fn es elnúmero de cuentas en el canal n. Las intensidades de cada una de lastransiciones gamma, así como de los rayos x se han tomado de la ref. [5].
3. Resultados
Las Figuras 1 y 2 muestran las curvas de calibración obtenidas paraambos equipos en escala logio-logio- Para el ajuste de los puntos seemplearon mínimos cuadrados, recurriendose a dos ramas polinómicaspara ajustar por separado las zonas de energías altas y bajas. Considerando Ela energía en keV del fotón gamma, y llamando x a
* = log10E ,
para el espectrómtro A se obtuvo
= -117.573 + 185.003x-107.107x2 + 27.235x3-2.5744A:5 ,
cuando E<364 keV, y
Iog10e = 2.9611 -0.9795x ,
si E > 364 keV. Mientras que, para el espectrómetro B
log10 e = -62.351 +102.8166*- 55.636x2 + 9.9959x3 ,
si E<80 keV, y
log10 e = 0.9827 + 0.2497*-0.2056*2 ,
cuando E>80 keV.Las Tablas 10 y 11 recogen detalladamente (a intervalos de 1 keV) los
resultados del ajuste. En cuanto a la fiabilidad de las curvas, se ha estimadoque conducen a incertidumbres menores que el 1.5%, sobre el valor de laeficiencia.
4. Conclusiones
Hemos comprobado que el método CIEMAT/NIST es unprocedimiento preciso y fiable para la calibración de radionucleidos beta-gamma, como 60Co, 137Cs, 1311,210Pb y 129I. Así mismo, se ha demostrado larapidez del método para calibrar espectrómetros de germanio, cuando no sedispone de disoluciones calibradas.
El presente trabajo pretende, ante todo, ilustrar la potencia delcentelleo líquido en la calibración de radionucleidos beta-gamma. Engeneral, se tiende a pensar en la espectrometría gamma como la únicaforma simple y eficaz para calibrar emisores gamma en general. Sinembargo, consideramos que ambas técnicas se pueden emplear
complementariamente en multitud casos, lo que indudablemente es unaventaja.
REFERENCIAS
[1] A. Grau Malonda y E. García-Toraño, Evaluation of CountingEfficiency in Liquid Scintillation Counting of Pure Beta-Ray Emitters, Appl.Radiat. Isot. 33 (1981) 249.
[2] A. Grau Malonda, Counting Efficiency for Electron-CapturingNuclides in Liquid Scintillator Solutions, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 33 (1981) 371.
[3] A. Grau Malonda y B. M. Coursey, Standardization of Isomeric-Transition Radionuclides by Liquid-Scintillation Efficiency Tracing withHydrogen-3, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 38 (1987) 695.
[4] E. Günther y U. Schotzig, Activity Determination of 9 3 mNb, Nucl.lustrum. Meth. A312 (1992) 132.
[5] F. Lagoutine, N. Coursol y J. Legrand, Table de Radionuclides (LMRI,CEA, 1987).
RELACIÓN DE FIGURAS
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Figura 2. Curva de calibración del espectrómetro B
RELACIÓN DE TABLAS
Tabla 1. Características de los detectores de germanio empleados
ESPECTRÓMETRO A ESPECTRÓMETRO B
Modelo 7229 GR2020-750SL
Forma cilindrica cilindrica
Dimensiones d=53.5 mm d=49.0 mmh=49.5 mm h=51.5 mm
Resolución enenergías 1.08 keV (122,57Co) 0.904 keV (122,57Co)
1.99 keV (1333,60Co) 1.78 keV (1333, 60Co)
Tabla 2. Características de las disoluciones radiactivas empleadas
Nucleido Forma química Orden de actividadportador ácido (Bq/ml)
HC11M 5 x l ° 3
H2O ixlO3
150|igCs+ HC11M 5 x l 0
H2O 5xlO3
100u.g Pb2+ HNO3 3M 2.5 x 103
HNO33M 2xlO3
50|igBa2+ HC11M 2.5 xlO3
Tabla 3. Eficiencia de recuento en función del parámetro libre para«1 3uel
Energía media=5.704 keVEFICIENCIA DE RECUENTO PARA H3
PARAM.L
1.1.1.1.1.
rH
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.2.2.2.2.2,2,2,2,222222222223333333333
000510152025303540455055606570758085,90,95,00,05,10.15.20.25.30.35.40.45.50.55.60.65.70.75.80.85.90.95.00.05.10.15.20.25.30.35.40.45
EFICIENCIA
0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0,0,0,000000000000000000000
5858571155685429529551655039491647984683457244654360425941614066397438853798,3714,3633,3554,3478,3403,3331.3261.3193.3127.3063.3001.2941.2882.2825.2769.2715.2663.2612.2562.2514.2467.2421.2377.2333.2291.2250.2210.2171.2133.2096.2060
****************************************************************************************************
PARAM.L
3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4,4,4,4,455555555555555555555
505560657075808590950005101520253035,40,45,50,55.60.65.70.75.80.85.90.95.00.05.10.15.20.25.30.35.40.45.50.55.60.65.70.75.80.85.90.95
EFICIENCIA
0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0,0,0,0,0,000000000000000000000
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****************************************************************************************************
PARAM.L
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EFICIENCIA
0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0,0.0.0,0.0,0,000000000000000000000
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Tabla 5. Eficiencia de recuento en función del parámetro librepara el 131I
Tabla 6. Eficiencia de recuento para el 137Cs
PARAM.L
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.2.2.2.2,2.2.2,2,222222222223333333333
000510152025303540455055606570758085.90,95,00,05,10,15.20.25.30.35.40.45.50.55.60.65.70.75.80.85.90.95.00.05.10.15.20.25.30.35.40.45
EFICIENCIA
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****************************************************************************************************
PARAM.L
3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.5,5.5,55555555555555555
5055606570758085909500051015202530354045505560,65,70.75.80.85.90.95.00.05.10.15.20.25.30.35.40.45.50.55.60.65.70.75.80.85.90.95
EFICIENCIA
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****************************************************************************************************
PARAM.L
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00051015202530354045505560657075808590,95,00,05.10.15.20.25.30.35.40.45.50.55.60.65.70.75.80.85.90.95.00.05.10.15.20.25.30.35.40.45
EFICIENCIA
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* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
H
o
o
a(D((1)o
Drto
l-t
(D
i O CT\ O~v Ch G\ Q\ O^ O> 0^ CT\
uiouioinouiotnouiouiouiomouioLnouiouiouiouiouioi^ouiouiouiouiouiouiouioino
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Tabla 9. Eficiencia de recuento del ^H en función del parámetrode extinción SQP(E)
SQP(E) Eficiencia (%)
394.3 43.39377.0 41.13340.3 33.55317.3 28.57306.4 26.04294.9 23.84281.7 21.04267.1 18.43259.7 16.88242.3 13.96229.9 11.93
Tabla 10. Curva de calibración del espectrómetro A (Metrología de Radiaciones Ionizantes, Dirección de Tecnología, CIEMAT)
E(keV)
30313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657
Efic. (%)
.003
.005
.007
.011
.016
.022
.030
.040
.053
.068
.087
.108
.133
.163
.196
.233
.275
.322
.373
.429
.489
.554
.624
.697
.775
.857
.9431.033
E(keV)
58596061626364656667686970717273747576777879808182838485
Efic. (%)
1.1261.2211.3201.4211.5241.6301.7371.8451.9542.0642.1742.2852.3962.5062.6162.7252.8332.9403.0463.1503.2533.3543.4533.5503.6463.7383.8293.917
E(keV)
8687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113
Efic. (%)
4.0034.0874.1684.2474.3234.3974.4684.5364.6024.6664.7274.7864.8424.8964.9474.9965.0435.0875.1295.1695.2075.2435.2775.3095.3385.3665.3925.417
E(keV)
114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141
Efic. (%)
5.4395.4605.4795.4965.5125.5275.5405.5515.5625.5715.5785.5855.5905.5945.5975.5995.6005.6005.5985.5965.5945.5905.5855.5805.5745.5675.5605.552
E(keV)
142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169
Efic. (%)
5.5435.5345.5245.5145.5035.4925.4805.4685.4555.4425.4285.4155.4005.3865.3715.3565.3415.3255.3095.2935.2775.2605.2445.2275.2105.1935.1755.158
11
E(keV)
170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197
Efic. (%)
5.1415.1235.1055.0875.0705.0525.0345.0164.9984.9804.9614.9434.9254.9074.8894.8714.8534.8344.8164.7984.7804.7624.7444.7264.7084.6904.6734.655
E(keV)
198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225
Efic. (%)
4.6374.6204.6024.5854.5674.5504.5324.5154.4984.4814.4644.4474.4304.4144.3974.3804.3644.3484.3314.3154.2994.2834.2674.2514.2364.2204.2044.189
E(keV)
226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253
Efic. (%)
4.1744.1594.1434.1284.1134.0994.0844.0694.0554.0404.0264.0123.9973.9833.9693.9563.9423.9283.9153.9013.8883.8743.8613.8483.8353.8223.8103.797
E(keV)
254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281
Efic. (%)
3.7843.7723.7593.7473.7353.7233.7113.6993.6873.6753.6633.6523.6403.6293.6173.6063.5953.5843.5733.5623.5513.5403.5303.5193.5093.4983.4883.478
E(keV)
282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309
Efic. (%)
3.4683.4573.4473.4383.4283.4183.4083.3993.3893.3803.3703.3613.3523.3423.3333.3243.3153.3063.2973.2893.2803.2713.2633.2543.2463.2373.2293.221
Il l
E(keV)
310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337
Eiic. (%)
3.2133.2053.1973.1893.1813.1733.1653.1573.1503.1423.1343.1273.1203.1123.1053.0983.0903.0833.0763.0693.0623.0553.0483.0413.0353.0283.0213.015
E(keV)
338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365
Efic. (%)
3.0083.0012.9952.9892.9822.9762.9702.9632.9572.9512.9452.9392.9332.9272.9212.9152.9092.9042.8982.8922.8872.8812.8752.8702.8642.8592.8542.826
E(keV)
366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393
Efic. (%)
2.8192.8112.8042.7962.7892.7812.7742.7672.7602.7522.7452.7382.7312.7242.7172.7102.7032.6962.6892.6822.6752.6692.6622.6552.6492.6422.6352.629
E(keV)
394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421
Efic. (%)
2.6222.6162.6092.6032.5962.5902.5842.5772.5712.5652.5592.5522.5462.5402.5342.5282.5222.5162.5102.5042.4982.4922.4862.4802.4752.4692.4632.457
E(keV)
422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449
Efic. (%)
2.4522.4462.4402.4352.4292.4242.4182.4122.4072.4012.3962.3912.3852.3802.3752.3692.3642.3592.3532.3482.3432.3382.3332.3272.3222.3172.3122.307
IV
E(keV)
450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477
Efic. (%)
2.3022.2972.2922.2872.2822.2772.2722.2682.2632.2582.2532.2482.2442.2392.2342.2292.2252.2202.2152.2112.2062.2012.1972.1922.1882.1832.1792.174
E(keV)
478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505
Efic. (%)
2.1702.1652.1612.1572.1522.1482.1442.1392.1352.1312.1262.1222.1182.1142.1092.1052.1012.0972.0932.0892.0842.0802.0762.0722.0682.0642.0602.056
E(keV)
506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533
Efic. (%)
2.0522.0482.0442.0402.0362.0332.0292.0252.0212.0172.0132.0092.0062.0021.9981.9941.9911.9871.9831.9791.9761.9721.9681.9651.9611.9571.9541.950
E(keV)
534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561
Efic. (%)
1.9471.9431.9401.9361.9331.9291.9262.9221.9191.9151.9121.9081.9051.9011.8981.8951.8911.8881.8841.8811.8781.8751.8711.8681.8651.8611.8581.855
E(keV)
562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589
Efic. (%)
1.8521.8481.8451.8421.8391.8361.8321.8291.8261.8231.8201.8171.8141.8111.8081.8041.8011.7981.7951.7921.7891.7861.7831.7801.7771.7741.7711.768
E(keV)
590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617
Efic. (%)
1.7651.7631.7601.7571.7541.7511.7481.7451.7421.7391.7371.7341.7311.7281.7251.7231.7201.7171.7141.7111.7091.7061.7031.7011.6981.6951.6921.690
E(keV)
618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645
Efic. (%)
1.6871.6841.6821.6791.6761.6741.6711.6691.6661.6631.6611.6581.6561.6531.6501.6481.6451.6431.6401.6381.6351.6331.6301.6281.6251.6231.6201.618
E(keV)
646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673
Efic. (%)
1.6151.6131.6111.6081.6061.6031.6011.5981.5961.5941.5911.5891.5871.5841.5821.5791.5771.5751.5721.5701.5681.5661.5631.5611.5591.5561.5541.552
E(keV)
674-675676677678679680681682683684685686687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701
Efic. (%)
1.5501.5471.5451.5431.5411.5381.5361.5341.5321.5301.5271.5251.5231.5211.5191.5171.5141.5121.5101.5081.5061.5041.5021.4991.4971.4951.4931.491
E(keV)
702703704705706707708709710711712713714715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729
Efic. (%)
1.4891.4871.4851.4831.4811.4791.4771.4751.4731.4711.4691.4671.4641.4621.4601.4581.4561.4551.4531.4511.4491.4471.4451.4431.4411.4391.4371.435
VI
E(keV)
730731732733734735736737738739740741742743744745746747748749750751752753754755756757
Efic. (%)
1.4331.4311.4291.4271.4251.4231.4221.4201.4181.4161.4141.4121.4101.4081.4071.4051.4031.4011.3991.3971.3961.3941.3921.3901.3881.3871.3851.383
E(keV)
758759760761762763764765766767768769770771772773774775776777778779780781782783784785
Efic. (%)
1.3811.3791.3781.3761.3741.3721.3711.3691.3671.3651.3641.3621.3601.3581.3571.3551.3531.3511.3501.3481.3461.3451.3431.3411.3401.3381.3361.335
E(keV)
786787788789790791792793794:795796797798799800801802803804805806807808809810811812813
Efic. (%)
1.3331.3311.3301.3281.3261.3251.3231.3211.3201.3181.3161.3151.3131.3121.3101.3081.3071.3051.3041.3021.3001.2991.2971.2961.2941.2931.2911.290
E(keV)
814815816817818819820821822823824825826827828829830831832833834835836837838839840841
Efic. (%)
1.2881.2861.2851.2831.2821.2801.2791.2771.2761.2741.2731.2711.2701.2681.2671.2651.2641.2621.2611.2591.2581.2561.2551.2531.2521.2501.2491.247
E(keV)
842843844845846847848849850851852853854855856857858859860861862863864865866867868869
Efic. (%)
1.2461.2451.2431.2421.2401.2391.2371.2361.2341.2331.2321.2301.2291.2271.2261.2251.2231.2221.2201.2191.2181.2161.2151.2141.2121.2111.2091.208
V i l
E(keV)
870871872873874875876877878879880881882883884885886887888889890891892893894895896897
Efic. (%)
1.2071.2051.2041.2031.2011.2001.1991.1971.1961.1951.1931.1921.1911.1891.1881.1871.1851.1841.1831.1811.1801.1791.1771.1761.1751.1741.1721.171
E(keV)
898899900901902903904905906907908909910911912913914915916917918919920921922923924925
Efic. (%)
1.1701.1691.1671.1661.1651.1631.1621.1611.1601.1581.1571.1561.1551.1531.1521.1511.1501.1481.1471.1461.1451.1441.1421.1411.1401.1391.1381.136
E(keV)
926927928929930931932933934935936937938939940941942943944945946947948949950951952953
Efic. (%)
1.1351.1341.1331.1321.1301.1291.1281.1271.1261.1241.1231.1221.1211.1201.1191.1171.1161.1151.1141.1131.1121.1101.1091.1081.1071.1061.1051.104
E(keV)
954955956957958959960961962963964965966967968969970971972973974975976977978979980981
Efic. (%)
1.1021.1011.1001.0991.0981.0971.0961.0951.0931.0921.0911.0901.0891.0881.0871.0861.0851.0841.0821.0811.0801.0791.0781.0771.0761.0751.0741.073
E(keV)
9829839849859869879889899909919929939949959969979989991000100110021003100410051006100710081009
Efic. (%)
1.0721.0711.0701.0681.0671.0661.0651.0641.0631.0621.0611.0601.0591.0581.0571.0561.0551.0541.0531.0521.0511.0501.0491.0481.0471.0461.0451.044
IX
E(keV)
1150115111521153115411551156115711582159116011611162116311641165116611671168116911701171117211731174117511761177
Efic. (%)
.918
.917
.916
.916
.915
.914
.913
.913
.912
.911
.910
.909
.909
.908
.907
.906
.906
.905
.904
.903
.903
.902
.901
.900
.900
.899
.898
.897
E(keV)
1178117911801181118211831184118511861187118811891190119111921193219411951196119711981199120012011202120312041205
Efic. (%)
.897
.896
.895
.894
.894
.893
.892
.891
.891
.890
.889
.888
.888
.887
.886
.886
.885
.884
.883
.883
.882
.881
.880
.880
.879
.878
.878
.877
E(keV)
1206120712081209121012111212121312141215121612171218121912201221122212231224122512261227122812291230123112321233
Efic. (%)
.876
.875
.875
.874
.873
.873
.872
.871
.871
.870
.869
.868
.868
.867
.866
.866
.865
.864
.864
.863
.862
.861
.861
.860
.859
.859
.858
.857
E(keV)
1234123512361237123812391240124112421243124412451246124712481249125012511252125312541255125612571258125912601261
Efic. (%)
.857
.856
.855
.855
.854
.853
.853
.852
.851
.851
.850
.849
.849
.848
.847
.847
.846
.845
.845
.844
.843
.843
.842
.841
.841
.840
.839
.839
E(keV)
1262126312641265126612671268126912701271127212731274127512761277127812791280128112821283128412851286128712881289
Efic. (%)
.838
.837
.837
.836
.835
.835
.834
.834
.833
.832
.832
.831
.830
.830
.829
.828
.828
.827
.827
.826
.825
.825
.824
.823
.823
.822
.821
.821
viii
E(keV)
1010101110121013101410151016101710181019102010211022102310241025102610271028102910301031103210331034103510361037
Efic. (%)
1.0431.0421.0411.0391.0381.0371.0361.0351.0341.0331.0331.0321.0311.0301.0291.0281.0271.0261.0251.0241.0231.0221.0211.0201.0191.0181.0171.016
E(keV)
1038103910401041104210431044104510461047104810491050105110521053105410551056105710581059106010611062106310641065
Efic. (%)
1.0151.0141.0131.0121.0111.0101.0091.0081.0071.0061.0051.0051.0041.0031.0021.0011.000.999.998.997.996.995.994.993.992.992.991.990
E(keV)
1066106710681069107010711072107310741075107610771078107910801081108210831084108510861087108810891090109110921093
Efic. (%)
.989
.988
.987
.986
.985
.984
.983
.982
.982
.981
.980
.979
.978
.977
.976
.975
.974
.974
.973
.972
.971
.970
.969
.968
.967
.967
see.965
E(keV)
1094109510961097109810991100110111021103110411051106110711081109111011111112111311141115111611171118111911201121
Efic. (%)
.964
.963
.962
.961
.961
.960
.959
.958
.957
.956
.955
.955
.954
.953
.952
.951
.950
.950
.949
.948
.947
.946
.945
.945
.944
.943
.942
.941
E(keV)
1122112311241125112611271128112911301131113211331134113511361137113811391140114111421143114411451146114711481149
Efic. (%)
.940
.940
.939
.938
.937
.936
.936
.935
.934
.933
.932
.931
.931
.930
.929
.928
.927
.927
.926
.925
.924
.923
.923
.922
.921
.920
.920
.919
E(keV)
1290129112921293129412951296129712981299130013011302130313041305130613071308130913101311131213131314131513161317
Efic. (%)
.820
.820
.819
.818
.818
.817
.817
.816
.815
.815
.814
.813
.813
.812
.812
.811
.810
.810
.809
.809
.808
.807
.807
.806
.806
.805
.804
.804
E(keV)
1318131913201321132213231324132513261327132813291330133113321333133413351336133713381339134013411342134313441345
Efic. (%)
.803
.803
.802
.801
.801
.800
.800
.799
.798
.798
.797
.797
.796
.795
.795
.794
.794:
.793
.793
.792
.791
.791
.790
.790
.789
.788
.788
.787
E(keV)
1346134713481349135013511352135313541355135613571358135913601361136213631364136513661367136813691370137113721373
Efic. (%)
.787
.786
.786
.785
.784
.784
.783
.783
.782
.782
.781
.781
.780
.779
.779
.778
.778
.777
.777
.776
.775
.775
.774:
.774
.773
.773
.772
.772
E(keV)
1374137513761377137813791380138113821383138413851386138713881389139013911392139313941395139613971398139914001401
Efic. (%)
.771
.770
.770
.769
.769
.768
.768
.767
.767
.766
.766
.765
.765
.764
.763
.763
.762
.762
.761
.761
.760
.760
.759
.759
.758
.758
.757
.756
E(keV)
1402140314041405140614071408140914101411141214131414141514161417141814191420142114221423142414251426142714281429
Efic. (%)
.756
.755
.755
.754
.754
.753
.753
.752
.752
.751
.751
.750
.750
.749
.749
.748
.748
.747
.747
.746
.746
.745
.744
.744
.743
.743
.742
.742
X I
E(keV) Efic. (%) E(keV) Efic. (%) E(keV) Efic. (%) E(keV) Efic. (%) E(keV) Efic. (%)
1430143114321433143414351436143714381439144014411442144314441445144614471448144914501451145214531454145514561457
.741
.741
.740
.740
.739
.739
.738
.738
.737
.737
.736
.736
.735
.735
.734
.734
.733
.733
.732
.732
.731
.731
.730
.730
.729
.729
.728
.728
1458145914601461146214631464146514661467146814691470147114721473147414751476147714781479148014811482148314841485
.727
.727
.727
.726
.726
.725
.725
.724
.724
.723
.723
.722
.722
.721
.721
.720
.720
.719
.719
.718
.718
.717
.717
.716
.716
.715
.715
.715
148614871488148914901491149214931494149514961497149814991500
.714
.714
.713
.713
.712
.712
.711
.711
.710
.710
.709
.709
.708
.708
.708
1Tabla 11. Curva de calibración del espectrómetro B (Protección Radiológica, Secretaría General Técnica, CIEMAT)
E(keV)
15161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142
Efic. (%)
.007
.017
.035
.065
.112
.180
.272
.391
.539
.714
.9171.1441.3921.6571.9342.2192.5072.7943.0773.3523.6173.8684.1054.3274.5324.7194.8905.044
E(keV)
43444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970
Efic. (%)
5.1815.3025.4085.4995.5775.6435.6965.7395.7725.7965.8125.8205.8225.8195.8105.7975.7805.7605.7375.7115.6845.6555.6255.5955.5635.5325.5005.469
E(keV)
71727374757677787980818283848586878889909192939495969798
Efic. (%)
5.4385.4075.3775.3485.3195.2925.2665.2415.2175.1945.1305.0965.0635.0304.9984.9664.9354.9044.8744.8434.8144.7854.7564.7274.6994.6724.6444.617
E(keV)
99100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126
Efic. (%)
4.5914.5644.5384.5134.4874.4624.4374.4134.3894.3654.3414.3184.2954.2724.2504.2284.2064.1844.1624.1414.1204.0994.0794.0584.0384.0183.9993.979
E(keV)
127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154
Efic. (%)
3.9603.9413.9223.9033.8843.8663.8483.8303.8123.7953.7773.7603.7433.7263.7093.6933.6763.6603.6443.6283.6123.5963.5813.5653.5503.5353.5203.505
11
E(keV)
155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182
Efic. (%)
3.4903.4763.4613.4473.4323.4183.4043.3913.3773.3633.3503.3363.3233.3103.2973.2843.2713.2583.2463.2333.2213.2083.1963.1843.1723.1603.1483.136
E(keV)
183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210
Efic. (%)
3.1253.1133.1023.0903.0793.0683.0563.0453.0343.0233.0133.0022.9912.9812.9702.9602.9492.9392.9292.9192.9092.8992.8892.8792.8692.8592.8502.840
E(keV)
211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238
Efic. (%)
2.8312.8212.8122.8032.7932.7842.7752.7662.7572.7482.7392.7302.7212.7132.7042.6962.6872.6782.6702.6622.6532.6452.6372.6292.6212.6122.6042.597
E(keV)
239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266
Efic. (%)
2.5892.5812.5732.5652.5572.5502.5422.5352.5272.5192.5122.5052.4972.4902.4832.4752.4682.4612.4542.4472.4402.4332.4262.4192.4122.4052.3992.392
E(keV)
267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294
Efic. (%)
2.3852.3792.3722.3652.3592.3522.3462.3392.3332.3262.3202.3142.3082.3012.2952.2892.2832.2772.2712.2652.2592.2532.2472.2412.2352.2292.2232.217
I l l
E(keV)
295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322
Efic. (%)
2.2122.2062.2002.1952.1892.1832.1782.1722.1672.1612.1562.1502.1452.1392.1342.1292.1232.1182.1132.1082.1022.0972.0922.0872.0822.0772.0722.067
E(keV)
323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350
Efic. (%)
2.0622.0572.0522.0472.0422.0372.0322.0272.0222.0182.0132.0082.0031.9991.9941.9891.9851.9801.9751.9711.9661.9621.9571.9531.9481.9441.9391.935
E(keV)
351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378
Efic. (%)
1.9311.9261.9221.9181.9131.9091.9051.9001.8961.8921.8881.8831.8791.8751.8711.8671.8631.8591.8551.8511.8471.8431.8391.8351.8311.8271.8231.819
E(keV)
379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406
Efic. (%)
1.8151.8111.8071.8031.8001.7961.7921.7881.7841.7811.7771.7731.7701.7661.7621.7581.7551.7511.7481.7441.7401.7371.7331.7301.7261.7231.7191.716
E(keV)
407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434
Efic. (%)
1.7121.7091.7051.7021.6981.6951.6921.6881.6851.6821.6781.6751.6721.6681.6651.6621.6581.6551.6521.6491.6461.6421.6391.6361.6331.6301.6271.623
IV
E(keV)
435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462
Efic. (%)
1.6201.6171.6141.6111.6081.6051.6021.5991.5961.5931.5901.5871.5841.5811.5781.5751.5721.5691.5661.5631.5601.5571.5541.5521.5491.5461.5431.540
E(keV)
463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490
Efic. (%)
1.5371.5351.5321.5291.5261.5231.5211.5181.5151.5121.5101.5071.5041.5021.4991.4961.4941.4911.4881.4861.4831.4801.4781.4751.4731.4701.4671.465
E(keV)
491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518
Efic. (%)
1.4621.4601.4571.4551.4521.4501.4471.4451.4421.4401.4371.4351.4321.4301.4271.4251.4231.4201.4181.4151.4131.4111.4081.4061.4031.4011.3991.396
E(keV)
519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546
Efic. (%)
1.3941.3921.3891.3871.3851.3821.3801.3781.3761.3731.3711.3691.3671.3641.3621.3601.3581.3551.3531.3511.3491.3471.3451.3421.3401.3381.3361.334
E(keV)
547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574
Efic. (%)
1.3321.3291.3271.3251.3231.3211.3191.3171.3151.3131.3111.3091.3061.3041.3021.3001.2981.2961.2941.2921.2901.2881.2861.2841.2821.2801.2781.276
E(keV)
575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589590591592593594595596597598599600601602
Efic. (%)
1.2741.2721.2701.2681.2661.2651.2631.2611.2591.2571.2551.2531.2511.2491.2471.2451.2441.2421.2401.2381.2361.2341.2321.2311.2291.2271.2251.223
E(keV)
603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630
Efic. (%)
1.2211.2201.2181.2161.2141.2121.2111.2091.2071.2051.2041.2021.2001.1981.1971.1951.1931.1911.1901.1881.1861.1851.1831.1811.1791.1781.1761.174
E(keV)
631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658
Efic. (%)
1.1731.1711.1691.1681.1661.1641.1631.1611.1591.1581.1561.1541.1531.1511.1501.1481.1461.1451.1431.1421.1401.1381.1371.1351.1341.1321.1311.129
E(keV)
659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673674675676677678679680681682683684685686
Efic. (%)
1.1271.1261.1241.1231.1211.1201.1181.1171.1151.1141.1121.1111.1091.1081.1061.1051.1031.1021.1001.0991.0971.0961.0941.0931.0911.0901.0881.087
E(keV)
687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701702703704705706707708709710711712713714
Efic. (%)
1.0851.0841.0821.0811.0801.0781.0771.0751.0741.0721.0711.0701.0681.0671.0651.0641.0631.0611.0601.0581.0571.0561.0541.0531.0521.0501.0491.047
VI
E(keV)
715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729730731732733734735736737738739740741742
Efic. (%)
1.0461.0451.0431.0421.0411.0391.0381.0371.0351.0341.0331.0311.0301.0291.0281.0261.0251.0241.0221.0211.0201.0181.0171.0161.0151.0131.0121.011
E(keV)
743744745746747748749750751752753754755756757758759760761762763764765766767768769770
Efic. (%)
1.0091.0081.0071.0061.0041.0031.0021.001.999.998.997.996.995.993.992.991.990.988.987.986.985.984.982.981.980.979.978.976
E(keV)
771772773774775776777778779780781782783784785786787788789790791792793794795796797798
Efic. (%)
.975
.974
.973
.972
.970
.969
.968
.967
.966
.965
.963
.962
.961
.960
.959
.958
.957
.955
.954
.953
.952
.951
.950
.949
.947
.946
.945
.944
E(keV)
799800801802803804805806807808809810811812813814815816817818819820821822823824825826
Efic. (%)
.943
.942
.941
.940
.939
.937
.936
.935
.934
.933
.932
.931
.930
.929
.928
.927
.925
.924
.923
.922
.921
.920
.919
.918
.917
.916
.915
.914
E(keV)
827828829830831832833834835836837838839840841842843844845846847848849850851852853854
Efic. (%)
.913
.912
.911
.910
.908
.907
.906
.905
.904
.903
.902
.901
.900
.899
.898
.897
.896
.895
.894
.893
.892
.891
.890
.889
.888
.887
.886
.885
V i l
E(keV)
855856857858859860861862863864865866867868869870871872873874875876877878879880881882
Efic. (%)
.884
.883
.882
.881
.880
.879
.878
.877
.876
.875
.874
.873
.872
.871
.870
.870
.869
.868
.867
.866
.865
.864
.863
.862
.861
.860
.859
.858
E(keV)
883884885886887888889890891892893894895896897898899900901902903904905906907908909910
Efic. (%)
.857
.856
.855
.854
.853
.853
.852
.851
.850
.849
.848
.847
.846
.845
.844
.843
.842
.842
.841
.840
.839
.838
.837
.836
.835
.834
.834
.833
E(keV)
911912913914915916917918919920921922923924925926927928929930931932933934935936937938
Efic. (%)
.832
.831
.830
.829
.828
.827
.826
.826
.825
.824
.823
.822
.821
.820
.820
.819
.818
.817
.816
.815
.814
.814
.813
.812
.811
.810
.809
.809
E(keV)
939940941942943944945946947948949950951952953954955956957958959960961962963964965966
Efic. (%)
.808
.807
.806
.805
.804
.803
.803
.802
.801
.800
.799
.799
.798
.797
.796
.795
.794
.794
.793
.792
.791
.790
.790
.789
.788
.787
.786
.786
E(keV)
967968969970971972973974975976977978979980981982983984985986987988989990991992993994
Efic. (%)
.785
.784
.783
.782
.782
.781
.780
.779
.779
.778
.777
.776
.775
.775
.774
.773
.772
.772
.771
.770
.769
.768
.768
.767
.766
.765
.765
.764
VIH
E(keV)
99599699799899910001001100210031004100510061007100810091010101110121013101410151016101710181019102010211022
Efic. (%)
.763
.762
.762
.761
.760
.759
.759
.758
.757
.756
.756
.755
.754
.753
.753
.752
.751
.751
.750
.749
.748
.748
.747
.746
.745
.745
.744
.743
E(keV)
1023102410251026102710281029103010311032103310341035103610371038103910401041104210431044104510461047104810491050
Efic. (%)
.743
.742
.741
.740
.740
.739
.738
.738
.737
.736
.735
.735
.734
.733
.733
.732
.731
.731
.730
.729
.728
.728
.727
.726
.726
.725
.724
.724
E(keV)
1051105210531054105510561057105810591060106110621063106410651066106710681069107010711072107310741075107610771078
Efic. (%)
.723
.722
.722
.721
.720
.720
.719
.718
.717
.717
.716
.715
.715
.714
.713
.713
.712
.711
.711
.710
.709
.709
.708
.707
.707
.706
.706
.705
E(keV)
1079108010811082108310841085108610871088108910901091109210931094109510961097109810991100110111021103110411051106
Efic. (%)
.704
.704
.703
.702
.702
.701
.700
.700
.699
.698
.698
.697
.696
.696
.695
.695
.694
.693
.693
.692
.691
.691
.690
.690
.689
.688
.688
.687
E(keV)
1107110811091110111111121113111411151116111711181119112011211122112311241125112611271128112911301131113211331134
Efic. (%)
.686
.686
.685
.685
.684
.683
.683
.682
.681
.681
.680
.680
.679
.678
.678
.677
.677
.676
.675
.675
.674
.674
.673
.672
.672
.671
.671
.670
IX
E(keV)
1135113611371138113911401141114211431144114511461147114811491150115111521153115411551156115711581159116011611162
Efic. (%)
.669
.669
.668
.668
.667
.666
.666
.665
.665
.664
.663
.663
.662
.662
.661
.661
.660
.659
.659
.658
.658
.657
.657
.656
.655
.655
.654
.654
E(keV)
1163116411651166116711681169117011711172117311741175117611771178117911801181118211831184118511861187118811891190
Efic. (%)
.653
.653
.652
.651
.651
.650
.650
.649
.649
.648
.647
.647
.646
.646
.645
.645
.644
.644
.643
.642
.642
.641
.641
.640
.640
.639
.639
.638
E(keV)
1191119211931194119511961197119811991200120112021203120412051206120712081209121012111212121312141215121612171218
Efic. (%)
.638
.637
.636
.636
.635
.635
.634
.634
.633
.633
.632
.632
.631
.631
.630
.629
.629
.628
.628
.627
.627
.626
.626
.625
.625
.624
.624
.623
E(keV)
1219122012211222122312241225122612271228122912301231123212331234123512361237123812391240124112421243124412451246
Efic. (%)
.623
.622
.622
.621
.621
.620
.620
.619
.618
.618
.617
.617
.616
.616
.615
.615
.614
.614
.613
.613
.612
.612
.611
.611
.610
.610
.609
.609
E(keV)
1247124812491250125112521253125412551256125712581259126012611262126312641265126612671268126912701271127212731274
Efic. (%)
.608
.608
.607
.607
.606
.606
.605
.605
.604
.604
.603
.603
.602
.602
.601
.601
.600
.600
.599
.599
.598
.598
.598
.597
.597
.596
.596
.595
E(keV)
1275127612771278127912801281128212831284128512861287128812891290129112921293129412951296129712981299130013011302
Efic. (%)
.595
.594
.594
.593
.593
.592
.592
.591
.591
.590
.590
.589
.589
.588
.588
.587
.587
.587
.586
.586
.585
.585
.584
.584
.583
.583
.582
.582
E(keV)
1303130413051306130713081309131013111312131313141315131613171318131913201321132213231324132513261327132813291330
Efic. (%)
.581
.581
.581
.580
.580
.579
.579
.578
.578
.577
.577
.576
.576
.576
.575
.575
.574
.574
.573
.573
.572
.572
.571
.571
.571
.570
.570
.569
E(keV)
1331133213331334133513361337133813391340134113421343134413451346134713481349135013511352135313541355135613571358
Efic. (%)
.569
.568
.568
.567
.567
.567
.566
.566
.565
.565
.564
.564
.564
.563
.563
.562
.562
.561
.561
.560
.560
.560
.559
.559
.558
.558
.557
.557
E(keV)
1359136013611362136313641365136613671368136913701371137213731374137513761377137813791380138113821383138413851386
Efic. (%)
.557
.556
.556
.555
.555
.555
.554
.554
.553
.553
.552
.552
.552
.551
.551
.550
.550
.549
.549
.549
.548
.548
.547
.547
.547
.546
.546
.545
E(keV)
1387138813891390139113921393139413951396139713981399140014011402140314041405140614071408140914101411141214131414
Efic. (%)
.545
.545
.544
.544
.543
.543
.542
.542
.542
.541
.541
.540
.540
.540
.539
.539
.538
.538
.538
.537
.537
.536
.536
.536
.535
.535
.534
.534
XI
E(keV) Efic. (%) E(keV) Efic. (%) E(keV) Efic. (%) E(keV) Efic.(%) E(keV) Efic. (%)
1415141614171418141914201421142214231424142514261427142814291430143114321433143414351436143714381439144014411442
.534
.533
.533
.532
.532
.532
.531
.531
.531
.530
.530
.529
.529
.529
.528
.528
.527
.527
.527
.526
.526
.525
.525
.525
.524
.524
.524
.523
1443144414451446144714481449145014511452145314541455145614571458145914601461146214631464146514661467146814691470
.523
.522
.522
.522
.521
.521
.521
.520
.520
.519
.519
.519
.518
.518
.518
.517
.517
.516
.516
.516
.515
.515
.515
.514
.514
.513
.513
.513
1471147214731474147514761477147814791480148114821483148414851486148714881489149014911492149314941495149614971498
.512
.512
.512
.511
.511
.511
.510
.510
.509
.509
.509
.508
.508
.508
.507
.507
.507
.506
.506
.505
.505
.505
.504
.504
.504
.503
.503
.503
14991500
.502
.502
