Efectos del cambio climático en Agricultura


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3/28

Nb` yf|ovdmng fk ngblm`nkmbtmn`0

Fk ngblm` nkmbtmn`+ wvf ~f f~t y|`dvnmfhd` fh vh yf|`d` dfn|fnmfhtf dfbghdg df gkmbfht`~+ ~fbmkkg~+ cml|g } n`blv~tmlkf+ y`d|gdgg| m||fsf|~mlkfbfhtf kg lg~f df |fnv|~`~ hgtv|gkf~ df kg wvfdfyfhdf kg ga|mnvktv|g(

Kg |fkgnmh fht|f fk ngblm` nkmbtmn` } kg ga|mnvktv|g f~ vh ngbmh`lmdm|fnnm`hgk? kg ga|mnvktv|g n`ht|mlv}f gk ngblm` nkmbtmn` df sg|mg~c`|bg~ mby`|tghtf~ } fk ngblm` nkmbtmn` fh afhf|gk gcfntghfagtmsgbfhtf g kg ga|mnvktv|g(

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4/28

Fh kg~ |fam`hf~ df kgtmtvdf~ bfdmg~ ` gktg~? k`~gvbfht`~ k`ngkf~ b`df|gd`~ df tfbyf|gtv|gyvfdfh tfhf| yfwvf`~ fcfnt`~ lfhfcmnm`~`~ fhfk |fhdmbmfht` df kg~ n`~fnjg~

Fh kg~ |fam`hf~ df kgtmtvdf~ lgog~+ f~`~g~nfh~`~ b`df|gd`~ df kg tfbyf|gtv|gy|`lglkfbfhtf mhnmdgh hfagtmsgbfhtf fh fk|fhdmbmfht`(

Gkavh`~ df k`~ fcfnt`~ hfagtms`~ ~`h sm~mlkf~ }gfh bvnjg~ yg|tf~ dfk bvhd`(

Vh ngkfhtgbmfht` gdmnm`hgk |fyf|nvtm| ngdgsf b~ hfagtmsgbfhtf fh t`dg~ kg~ |fam`hf~(Kg yfhv|mg df gavg } k`~ yf|`d`~ fh wvf jg}dm~y`hmlmkmdgd df gavg kmbmtg|h ngdg sf b~kg~ y|`dvnnm`hf~(

GKAVH@^ FCFNT@^ DFKNGBLM@ NKMBGTMN@ FH

\FAM@HF^ DFGA\MNVKTV\G

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5/28

K`~ cfhbfh`~ nkmbtmn`~ fzt|fb`~ *mhvhdgnm`hf~ } ~fwvg~- sgh fh gvbfht` }~f ngknvkg wvf ~v c|fnvfhnmg } bgahmtvd ~f mhn|fbfhtg|h } wvf y|`lglkfbfhtfgcfntfh df c`|bg n`h~mdf|glkf g t`dg~ kg~ |fam`hf~ y`| k` wvf |f~yfntg g kgy|`dvnnmh c`|f~tgk } df gkmbfht`~ } g kg ~fav|mdgd gkmbfhtg|mg(

Fzm~tf vh |mf~a` ~f|m` df n`hckmnt`~ cvtv|`~ y`| tmf||g~ jglmtglkf~ } |fnv|~`~hgtv|gkf~ tgkf~ n`b` fk gavg dvknf(Fk ngblm` nkmbtmn` f~t gcfntghd` g kg dm~t|mlvnmh df ykghtg~+ kg~ f~yfnmf~mhsg~msg~+ kg~ ykgag~ } k`~ sfnt`|f~ df fhcf|bfdgdf~ } f~ y`~mlkf wvf gvbfhtfhkg mhnmdfhnmg } kg k`ngkmgnmh af`a|cmng df bvnjg~ fhcf|bfdgdf~ dfk ~f|jvbgh`+ k`~ ghmbgkf~ } kg~ ykghtg~(

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6/28

Fk ngblm` nkmbtmn` g kg|a` ykg`+ fh yg|tmnvkg| fkngkfhtgbmfht` dfk ykghftg+ y`d|g gcfntg| g kgga|mnvktv|g fh dmsf|~g~ c`|bg~+ } ng~m t`dg~ ~`hvh |mf~a` yg|g kg ~fav|mdgd gkmbfhtg|mg df kg~

yf|~`hg~ b~ svkhf|glkf~ dfk bvhd`?

^f|g bfh`~ y|fsm~mlkf fk nkmbg fh afhf|gk+k` wvf n`bykmng|g kg ykghmcmngnmh df kg~gntmsmdgdf~ ga|n`kg~(

Y`d|g gvbfhtg| kg sg|mglmkmdgd dfk nkmbg+fof|nmfhd` b~ y|f~mh fh k`~ ~m~tfbg~ga|n`kg~ c|amkf~(

K`~ fzt|fb`~ nkmbtmn`~ wvf ~`h ng~mmby`~mlkf~ df y|fsf|" y`d|gh jgnf|~f b~c|fnvfhtf~(

Kg dmsf|~mdgd lm`kamng ~f |fdvnm|g fhgkavhg~ df kg~ `hg~ fn`kamng~ b~c|amkf~+ n`b` k`~ bghakg|f~ } kg~ ~fksg~t|`ymngkf~(

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7/28

Kg~ `hg~ nkmbtmng~ } ga|`fn`kamng~

~f b`dmcmng|gh+ `lkmaghd` g k`~ga|mnvkt`|f~ g gdgytg|~f+ } y`hmfhd`

fh yfkma|` kg sfaftgnmh } kg cgvhg(

Fbyf`|g|g fk gntvgk df~fwvmkml|m` wvfjg} fh kg y|`dvnnmh df gkmbfht`~fht|f kg~ |fam`hf~ tfbykgdg~ } c|g~ }kg~ t|`ymngkf~ } ~vlt|`ymngkf~(

^f b`dmcmng|g f~yfntgnvkg|bfhtf kgdm~t|mlvnmh } nghtmdgdf~ df yf~ngd` }df `t|`~ y|`dvnt`~ dfk bg|+ n|fghd`vh ng`~ fh kg~ gntmsmdgdf~ yf~wvf|g~f~tglkfnmdg~ df k`~ yg~f~(

Gsghg|gh ykgag~ } fhcf|bfdgdf~y`|tgdg~ y`| sfnt`|f~ jgnmg `hg~d`hdf ghtf~ h` fzm~tgh(

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8/28

FK NGKFHTGBMFHT@ DFK YKGHFTG TGBLMH Y@D\GTFHF\ GKAVH@^ FCFNT@^ Y@^MTMS@^ YG\G K@^GA\MNVKT@\F^(

Fk gvbfht` dfk lmzmd` df ng|l`h` tmfhf fcfnt`~

cf|tmkmghtf~ fh bvnj`~ nvktms`~+ f~t` mhn|fbfhtg kg~tg~g~ df n|fnmbmfht` } kg fcmnmfhnmg df kg vtmkmgnmh dfkgavg(

Yf|` k`~ fzyf|t`~ ~fgkgh wvf kg~ hvbf|`~g~mhtf||`aghtf~ wvf wvfdgh ~`l|f f~tf y`~mlkfygh`|gbg tmfhfh b~ yf~` wvf ~v~ y`~mlkf~lfhfcmnm`~(

Yf|` kg ga|mnvktv|g h` ~k` f~ sntmbg dfk ngkfhtgbmfht`dfk ykghftg( Gntvgkbfhtf+ tgblmh f~ vh cgnt`| wvfn`ht|mlv}f g fkk` } fh fk cvtv|` y`d|g yg|tmnmyg|n`h~mdf|glkfbfhtf fh kg |fdvnnmh dfk ngblm`

gtb`~c|mn` df kg Tmf||g(Nf|ng dfk


9/28

GKAVHG^ BFDMDG^ YG\G N@HT\@KG\ FKMBYGNT@ DFK NGBLM@ NKMBGTMN@ FH KG

GA\MNVKTV\G

Kg CG@ t|glgog fh d`~ hmsfkf~ yg|g |fdvnm| kg~ n`h~fnvfhnmg~ df kgsg|mglmkmdgd dfk nkmbg } dfk ngblm` nkmbtmn` fh kg ~fav|mdgdgkmbfhtg|mg( Kg @|aghmgnmh ~f y|`y`hf mhn|fbfhtg| kg ngygnmdgddf k`~ ga|mnvkt`|f~ df c|fhtf g dmnjg sg|mglmkmdgd?

C`bfhtghd` vh ykghtfgbmfht` ga|n`kg ~mh |fy|`njf~+ n`h`ynm`hf~ wvf mhn|fbfhtgh kg fcmnmfhnmg } kg ckfzmlmkmdgd ga|n`kg~fh kg~ n`hdmnm`hf~ gntvgkf~+ } wvf tgblmh y|`y`|nm`hgh g k`~ga|mnvkt`|f~ vhg lvfhg lg~f ~m ngblmg|gh kg~ n`hdmnm`hf~ g kg|a`ykg`

Y|`b`smfhd` y|ntmng~ ga|n`kg~ wvf t`kf|gh kg sg|mglmkmdgd dfknkmbg vtmkmgnmh df sg|mfdgdf~ df nvktms`~ |f~m~tfhtf~ g kg ~fwvg+y`| fofbyk`+ ` vhg vtmkmgnmh b~ fcmnmfhtf df k`~ |fnv|~`~jd|mn`~ tgblmh ~f c`|tgkfnf kg ngygnmdgd dfk ga|mnvkt`| yg|ggdgytg|~f g k`~ ngblm`~ g kg|a` ykg`(

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10/28

\fdvnm| kg~ fbm~m`hf~ df AFM Nvght` ghtf~ ~f |fdvngh kg~

fbm~m`hf~+ } nvght` b~ |gdmngk ~fg f~g |fdvnnmh+ b~ |ymd`~f gnf|ng|h kg~ n`hnfht|gnm`hf~ g kg f~tglmkmgnmh(

Dgd` wvf f~ mhfsmtglkf wvf ~f y|`dvngh hvfs`~ ngblm`~ fhfk nkmbg+ kg gdgytgnmh |f~vktg tgblmh mby|f~nmhdmlkf(

Fk gnnf~` fwvmtgtms` g k`~ |fnv|~`~ } g kg~ tfnh`k`ag~

gdfnvgdg~(

Tg~g~ mhcf|m`|f~ df fzygh~mh ga|n`kg fh k`~ jlmtgt~hgtv|gkf~+ kg c`|f~tgnmh+ kg |fc`|f~tgnmh+ kg mhtfh~mcmngnmh dfk`~ f~cvf|`~ y`| fsmtg| kg dfc`|f~tgnmh+ kg ga|`~mksmnvktv|g+ k`~~m~tfbg~ ga|`fn`kamn`~ } fk |f~tglkfnmbmfht` df tmf||g~ }y|gdf|g~ mhc|gvtmkmgdg~ ` fby`l|fnmdg~+ g~ n`b` `ynm`hf~ dfvtmkmgnmh df kg tmf||g n`b` fk ~fnvf~t|` df ng|l`h`(

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11/28

Nb` dgg g kg ga|mnvktv|g0

K`~ mbygnt`~ dfk ngblm` nkmbtmn` fh kgga|mnvktv|g } fk lmfhf~tg| jvbgh` mhnkv}fh?

7- k`~ fcfnt`~ lm`kamn`~ fh fk |fhdmbmfht` df

k`~ nvktms`~(- k`~ mbygnt`~ ~`l|f fk n`h~vb` yf| nymtg dfngk`|g~ } kg bgkhvt|mnmh mhcghtmk(

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12/28

7( K`~ fcfnt`~ lm`kamn`~ dfkngblm`

nkmbtmn` fh k`~ |fhdmbmfht`~Fk gvbfht` df kg~tfbyf|gtv|g~ } fk ngblm` fh

k`~ |fabfhf~ ykvsmgkf~tmfhfh fcfnt`~ dm|fnt`~~`l|f fk |fhdmbmfht` df k`~nvktms`~+ g~ n`b` fcfnt`~mhdm|fnt`~ g t|gs~ df k`~ngblm`~ fh kg dm~y`hmlmkmdgddf gavg df |mfa`(

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15/28

>( N`h~vb` df ngk`| g~ yf|nymtg }

bgkhvt|mnmh mhcghtmk

^mh ngblm` nkmbtmn` gvbfhtg kg dm~y`hmlmkmdgd dfngk`|g~ fh t`d` fk bvhd`(Fk gvbfht` b~ mby`|tghtf+ df 7>+: y`| nmfht`+ ~fy|f~fhtg fh G~mg @|mfhtgk } fk Ygncmn`+ yf|` fkn`h~vbmd`| y|`bfdm` df t`d`~ k`~ yg~f~ ~f

lfhfcmnmg mavgkbfhtf g |gh df >+1 y`| nmfht` fhGb|mng Kgtmhg+ 6+= y`| nmfht` fh c|mng ^vl"~gjg|mghg } =+1 y`| nmfht` fh G~mg Bf|mdm`hgk( H``l~tghtf+ n`h fk ngblm` nkmbtmn`+ kg dm~y`hmlmkmdgddf ngk`|g~ fh


16/28

Fk n`~t` df kg gdgytgnmh Fh ga|mnvktv|g+ k`~ f~cvf|`~ df gdgytgnmh ~f nfht|gh fh kg

mbykfbfhtgnmh df bfdmdg~ wvf g}vdfh g c`bfhtg| bfdm`~ df smdg |v|gkf~wvf ~fgh b~ |f~mfhtf~ ghtf kg sg|mglmkmdgd nkmbtmng } k`~ df~g~t|f~( Fk ngblm` nkmbtmn` gvbfhtg kg bgkhvt|mnmh mhcghtmk } |fdvnf fk n`h~vb` df

ngk`|g~ df bghf|g d|gbtmng( Y`| k` tght`+ f~ hfnf~g|m` mhsf|tm|ga|f~msgbfhtf fh kg bfo`|g df kg y|`dvntmsmdgd ga|n`kg yg|g k`a|g| vhgvbfht` fh fk n`h~vb` df ngk`|g~ wvf lg~tf yg|g n`byfh~g| k`~mbygnt`~ hfagtms`~ dfk ngblm` nkmbtmn` fh kg ~gkvd } lmfhf~tg| df kg hmf(

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17/28

Fofbyk`~ df fcfnt`~ hfagtms`~

7(" Hg|gho`~? gvbfht` df jvbfdgd } dftfbyf|gtv|g(


19/28

Fcfnt`~ fh k`~ n`htmhfhtf~

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20/28

G~mg

N`h y|`lglmkmdgdf~bfdmghg~+ fk MYNNy|`}fnt wvf fh kg bmtgddfk ~mak` ZZM fh fk f~tf }

~v|f~tf df G~mg+ k`~nvktms`~ gvbfhtg|gh fhvh 9&( G

hmsfk afhf|gk+ ~f y|`}fntwvf fk |mf~a` df jgbl|f~f| bv} gkt` fh sg|m`~yg~f~ df~g||`kkgd`~(

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21/28

c|mng Kg af`a|gcg df c|mng kg jgnf

yg|tmnvkg|bfhtf svkhf|glkf gk ngblm`nkmbtmn` } fk 19& df kg y`lkgnmh nvfhtgn`h kg ga|mnvktv|g ~mh |mfa` yg|g ~v~vl~m~tfhnmg( Vh mhc`|bf `cmnmgk df Tghghmg

~`l|f fk ngblm` nkmbtmn` ~vamf|f wvf kg~`hg~ wvf afhf|gkbfhtf tmfhfh >& bfh`~ bg*fk gkmbfht` l~mn` dfk yg~-(1 Ovht` n`h

`t|`~ cgnt`|f~+ ~f n|ff wvf fk ngblm`nkmbtmn` |fam`hgk+ f~yfncmngbfhtf kgdm~bmhvnmh fh kg~ y|fnmymtgnm`hf~+ jghn`ht|mlvmd` gk N`hckmnt` df Dg|cv|(: Kgn`blmhgnmh df dngdg~ df ~fwvg+df~f|tmcmngnmh } ~`l|fy`lkgnmh ~`h kg~ngv~g~ dfk n`hckmnt`+ }g wvf kg l~wvfdg df

gavg dfk yvflk` hbgdg Lgaag|g k` `lkmagg kkfsg| ~v~ aghgd`~ b~ gk ~v|+ g tmf||g~`nvygdg~ y|mhnmygkbfhtf y`| a|ghof|`~(=

N`h vhg gktg y|`lglmkmdgd+ fk MYNN n`hnkv}wvf kg sg|mglmkmdgd dfk nkmbg } fk ngblm`n`by|`bftf|gh a|gsfbfhtf kg y|`dvnnmhga|n`kg } fk gnnf~` g k`~ gkmbfht`~(79

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22/28

Gv~t|gkmg } Hvfsg _fkghdg

Jfhhf~~} ft gk( *


23/28

Fv|`yg

fk MYNN *


24/28

Kgtmh`gb|mng

fk MYNN *


26/28

N`hnkv~m`hf~Dflmd` g kg fsgy`|gnmh df gavg df kg ~vyf|cmnmf dfk

tf||fh` }gk gvbfht` fh kg bgahmtvd } c|fnvfhnmg df kkvsmg~f mhvhdgnm`hf~+ k`~ ~vfk`~ ~f t`|hg|h b~ ~fn`~ }yf|df|h hvt|mfhtf~ n`h bg}`| cgnmkmdgd gk ~t`~ ~f||fb`smd`~ y`| kg f~n`||fhtg( F~t` ngblmg| kg~

ng|gntf|~tmng~ dfk ~vfk`+ jgnmfhd` hfnf~g|m` wvf k`~ga|mnvkt`|f~ ~f gov~tfh g kg~ hvfsg~ n`hdmnm`hf~( Kghfnf~mdgd df |fnv||m| g kg m||magnmh ~f| f~fhnmgk dv|ghtfkg~ y`ng~ df ~fwvg+ wvf dflmd` g kg fsgy`|gnmh ~f|hb~ n`bvhf~ wvf gk y|f~fhtf( Kg~ tfbyf|gtv|g~ b~

fkfsgdg~ tgblmh y|`ymnmg|h kg |fy|`dvnnmh df gkavh`~mh~fnt`~ n`b` kg b`~ng lkghng } kg~ kgha`~tg~ *vh tmy` dff~yf|ghg-+ wvf ngv~gh fhcf|bfdgdf~ df ykghtg~ }gcfntgh kg y|`dvnnmh df nvktms`~(

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27/28

Wv ~f jgnf gk |f~yfnt`0

^f jgh dftf|bmhgd` }g gkavhg~ bfdmdg~ dfgtfhvgnmh d`lkfbfhtf lfhfcmnm`~g~ wvf n`by|fhdfhfhc`wvf~ df vtmkmgnmh df kg tmf||g+ y`| fofbyk`+ tg~g~mhcf|m`|f~ df fzygh~mh ga|n`kg fh k`~ jlmtgt~hgtv|gkf~+ kg c`|f~tgnmh+ kg |fc`|f~tgnmh+ kg

mhtfh~mcmngnmh df k`~ f~cvf|`~ y`| fsmtg| kgdfc`|f~tgnmh+ kg ga|`~mksmnvktv|g+ k`~ ~m~tfbg~ga|`fn`kamn`~ } fk |f~tglkfnmbmfht` df tmf||g~ }y|gdf|g~ mhc|gvtmkmgdg~ ` fby`l|fnmdg~+ g~ n`b``ynm`hf~ df vtmkmgnmh df kg tmf||g n`b` fk ~fnvf~t|`

df ng|l`h` fh tf||fh`~ ga|n`kg~+ kg |fdvnnmh } vhv~` b~ fcmnmfhtf df k`~ mh~vb`~ hmt|`afhgd`~+ kgaf~tmh fcmng df k`~ gl`h`~ } fk v~` df ymfh~`~ wvfgvbfhtfh kg fcmnmfhnmg dmaf~tmsg dfk aghgd`(

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Efectos del cambio climático en Agricultura