21
> restart: with(plots): with(linalg): Warning, the name changecoords has been redefined Warning, the protected names norm and trace have been redefined and unprotected Ejercicio 1 > Q1:=2*x0^2+x1^2-x2^2-x3^2+2*x0*x1-x0*x2 +x0*x3+x1*x2; Q1 := + + + + 2 x0 2 x1 2 x2 2 x3 2 2 x0 x1 x0 x2 x0 x3 x1 x2 > a00:=coeff(Q1,x0,2): a11:=coeff(Q1,x1,2): a22:=coeff(Q1,x2,2): a33:=coeff(Q1,x3,2): a01:=coeff(coeff(Q1,x0,1),x1,1): a02:=coeff(coeff(Q1,x0,1),x2,1): a03:=coeff(coeff(Q1,x0,1),x3,1): a12:=coeff(coeff(Q1,x1,1),x2,1): a13:=coeff(coeff(Q1,x1,1),x3,1): a23:=coeff(coeff(Q1,x2,1),x3,1): > A:=matrix(4,4,[a00,a01/2,a02/2,a03/2,a0 1/2,a11,a12/2,a13/2, a02/2,a12/2,a22,a23/2,a03/2,a13/2,a23/2 ,a33]);

Ejercicio 1 - UPMdma.aq.upm.es/profesor/rosado_e/ProyectivaMAPLE4sol.pdf · 2011-04-06 · evalm(P&*A&*P); P:= []1210,,, 10 El punto P no es un punto de la cuádrica. > PlanoPolar_P:=simplify(evalm(P&*A&*X));

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> restart: with(plots): with(linalg):Warning, the name changecoords has been redefined

Warning, the protected names norm and trace have been redefined and unprotected

Ejercicio 1> Q1:=2*x0^2+x1^2-x2^2-x3^2+2*x0*x1-x0*x2+x0*x3+x1*x2;

Q1 :=

+ − − + − + + 2 x02 x12 x22 x32 2 x0 x1 x0 x2 x0 x3 x1 x2> a00:=coeff(Q1,x0,2): a11:=coeff(Q1,x1,2): a22:=coeff(Q1,x2,2): a33:=coeff(Q1,x3,2): a01:=coeff(coeff(Q1,x0,1),x1,1): a02:=coeff(coeff(Q1,x0,1),x2,1): a03:=coeff(coeff(Q1,x0,1),x3,1): a12:=coeff(coeff(Q1,x1,1),x2,1): a13:=coeff(coeff(Q1,x1,1),x3,1): a23:=coeff(coeff(Q1,x2,1),x3,1):

> A:=matrix(4,4,[a00,a01/2,a02/2,a03/2,a01/2,a11,a12/2,a13/2, a02/2,a12/2,a22,a23/2,a03/2,a13/2,a23/2,a33]);

:= A

⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢

⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥

2 1-12

12

1 112

0

-12

12

-1 0

12

0 0 -1

> X:=[x0,x1,x2,x3];

:= X [ ], , ,x0 x1 x2 x3> simplify(evalm(X&*A&*X));

+ − − + − + + 2 x02 x12 x22 x32 2 x0 x1 x0 x2 x0 x3 x1 x2Nótese que la ecuación anterior es la ecuación de la cuádrica Q1.> A_00:=submatrix(A,2..4,2..4);

:= A_00

⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢

⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥

112

0

12

-1 0

0 0 -1> det(A); eigenvalues(A_00);

4116

, ,-15

2−

52

La cuádrica es un hiperboloide reglado o hiperbólico.> P:=[1,2,1,0];

evalm(P&*A&*P);

:= P [ ], , ,1 2 1 010

El punto P no es un punto de la cuádrica.> PlanoPolar_P:=simplify(evalm(P&*A&*X));

:= PlanoPolar_P + − + 7 x0

27 x1

2x22

x32

> Tangente_P:=simplify(evalm(P&*A&*X)^2-evalm(P&*A&*P)*evalm(X&*A&*X));

Tangente_P31 x02

49 x0 x1

213 x0 x2

213 x0 x3

2− + + − :=

9 x12

427 x1 x2

27 x1 x3

241 x22

4x2 x3

241 x32

4 + − + + − +

> Cuadrica1:=implicitplot3d(subs(x0=1,Q1),x1=-10..10,x2=-10..10,x3=-10..10,axes=normal,grid=[20,20,20]):

> Tangente1:=implicitplot3d(subs(x0=1,Tangente_P),x1=-10..10,x2=-10..10,x3=-10..10, axes=normal,color=green,grid=[20,20,20]):

> Plano:=implicitplot3d(subs(x0=1,PlanoPolar_P),x1=-10..10,x2=-10..10,x3=-10..10,axes=normal):

> display({Cuadrica1,Tangente1,Plano});

> P2:=[1, 0, 3/2, 0]; evalm(P2&*A&*P2);

:= P2⎡

⎣⎢⎢

⎦⎥⎥, , ,1 0

32

0

-74

El punto P2 no es un punto de la cuádrica.> PlanoPolar_P2:=simplify(evalm(P2&*A&*X));

:= PlanoPolar_P2 + − + 5 x0

47 x1

42 x2

x32

> Tangente_P2:=simplify(evalm(P2&*A&*X)^2-evalm(P2&*A&*P2)*evalm(X&*A&*X));

Tangente_P281 x02

1663 x0 x1

827 x0 x2

43 x0 x3 + − + :=

77 x12

1621 x1 x2

47 x1 x3

49 x22

42 x2 x3

3 x32

2 + − + + − −

> Tangente2:=implicitplot3d( subs(x0=1,Tangente_P2), x1=-10..10,x2=-10..10,x3=-10..10, axes=normal,color=green,grid=[20,20,20] ):

> Plano2:=implicitplot3d( subs(x0=1,PlanoPolar_P2), x1=-10..10,x2=-10..10,x3=-10..10,axes=normal):

> display({Cuadrica1,Tangente2,Plano2}):Calculamos primero los planos principales de la cuádrica:> eigenvectors(A_00);

⎣⎢⎢

⎦⎥⎥, ,

52

1 { }[ ], , + 5 2 1 0 ,

⎣⎢⎢

⎦⎥⎥, ,−

52

1 { }[ ], ,− + 5 2 1 0 [ ], ,-1 1 { }[ ], ,0 0 1,

> E1:=[0,0,0,1]; E2:=[0,5^(1/2)+2, 1, 0]; E3:=[0,-5^(1/2)+2, 1, 0];

:= E1 [ ], , ,0 0 0 1

:= E2 [ ], , ,0 + 5 2 1 0

:= E3 [ ], , ,0 − + 5 2 1 0Planos principales:> Pi_1:=evalm(E1&*A&*X); Pi_2:=evalm(E2&*A&*X); Pi_3:=evalm(E3&*A&*X);

:= Pi_1 − x02

x3

:= Pi_2 + + ⎛

⎝⎜⎜

⎠⎟⎟ +

32

5 x0⎛

⎝⎜⎜

⎠⎟⎟ +

52

5 x15 x22

:= Pi_3 + − ⎛

⎝⎜⎜

⎠⎟⎟ −

32

5 x0⎛

⎝⎜⎜

⎠⎟⎟ −

52

5 x15 x22

Centro:> solve({Pi_1,Pi_2,Pi_3});

{ }, , , = x1 x1 = x0 −5 x1

3 = x3 −

5 x16

= x24 x1

3> Z:=[2, -6/5, -8/5, 1];

:= Z⎡

⎣⎢⎢

⎦⎥⎥, , ,2

-65

-85

1

> Plano1:=implicitplot3d(subs(x0=1,Pi_1),x1=-10..10,x2=-10..10,x3=-10..10, axes=normal,color=green,grid=[20,20,20]): Plano2:=implicitplot3d(subs(x0=1,Pi_2),x1=-10..10,x2=-10..10,x3=-10..10, axes=normal,color=green,grid=[20,20,20]):

Plano3:=implicitplot3d(subs(x0=1,Pi_3),x1=-10..10,x2=-10..10,x3=-10..10, axes=normal,color=green,grid=[20,20,20]):

> display({Cuadrica1,Plano1,Plano2,Plano3});

Ejercicio 2> Q2:=-x1^2+3*x2^2+4*x1*x2+2*x3*x0+2*x0^2;

:= Q2 − + + + + x12 3 x22 4 x1 x2 2 x0 x3 2 x02

> a00:=coeff(Q2,x0,2): a11:=coeff(Q2,x1,2): a22:=coeff(Q2,x2,2): a33:=coeff(Q2,x3,2): a01:=coeff(coeff(Q2,x0,1),x1,1): a02:=coeff(coeff(Q2,x0,1),x2,1): a03:=coeff(coeff(Q2,x0,1),x3,1): a12:=coeff(coeff(Q2,x1,1),x2,1): a13:=coeff(coeff(Q2,x1,1),x3,1): a23:=coeff(coeff(Q2,x2,1),x3,1):

> A:=matrix(4,4,[a00,a01/2,a02/2,a03/2,a01/2,a11,a12/2,a13/2, a02/2,a12/2,a22,a23/2,a03/2,a13/2,a23/2,a33]);

:= A

⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢

⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥

2 0 0 10 -1 2 00 2 3 01 0 0 0

> simplify(evalm(X&*A&*X));

− + + + + x12 3 x22 4 x1 x2 2 x0 x3 2 x02

Nótese que la ecuación anterior es la ecuación de la cuádrica.> det(A);

7> A_00:=submatrix(A,2..4,2..4);

:= A_00⎡

⎢⎢⎢⎢

⎥⎥⎥⎥

-1 2 02 3 00 0 0

> eigenvectors(A_00);

[ ], , + 1 2 2 1 { }[ ], ,1 + 1 2 0 ,

[ ], , − 1 2 2 1 { }[ ], ,1 − 1 2 0 [ ], ,0 1 { }[ ], ,0 0 1,Paraboloide hiperbólico o reglado.> implicitplot3d(subs(x0=1,Q2),x1=-10..10,x2=-10..10,x3=-10..10,axes=normal,grid=[20,20,20]);

Ejercicio 3> Q3:=27*x0^2+x1^2+2*x2^2+x3^2-10*x0*x1-4*x0*x3;

:= Q3 + + + − − 27 x02 x12 2 x22 x32 10 x0 x1 4 x0 x3> a00:=coeff(Q3,x0,2): a11:=coeff(Q3,x1,2): a22:=coeff(Q3,x2,2): a33:=coeff(Q3,x3,2): a01:=coeff(coeff(Q3,x0,1),x1,1): a02:=coeff(coeff(Q3,x0,1),x2,1): a03:=coeff(coeff(Q3,x0,1),x3,1): a12:=coeff(coeff(Q3,x1,1),x2,1): a13:=coeff(coeff(Q3,x1,1),x3,1): a23:=coeff(coeff(Q3,x2,1),x3,1):

> A:=matrix(4,4,[a00,a01/2,a02/2,a03/2,a01/2,a11,a12/2,a13/2, a02/2,a12/2,a22,a23/2,a03/2,a13/2,a23/2,a33]);

:= A

⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢

⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥

27 -5 0 -2-5 1 0 00 0 2 0

-2 0 0 1> simplify(evalm(X&*A&*X));

+ + + − − 27 x02 x12 2 x22 x32 10 x0 x1 4 x0 x3que es la ecuación de la cuádrica.> det(A);

-4> A_00:=submatrix(A,2..4,2..4);

:= A_00⎡

⎢⎢⎢⎢

⎥⎥⎥⎥

1 0 00 2 00 0 1

> Elipsoide:=implicitplot3d(subs(x0=1,Q3),x1=0..10,x2=-2..2,x3=0..5,axes=normal,

grid=[20,20,20]):> P1:=[1,2,1,0]; evalm(P1&*A&*P1); PlanoPolar_P1:=evalm(P1&*A&*X); PlanoPolar:=implicitplot3d(subs(x0=1,PlanoPolar_P1),x1=0..10,x2=-2..2,x3=0..5, axes=normal,color=green,grid=[20,20,20]): display({Elipsoide,PlanoPolar});

:= P1 [ ], , ,1 2 1 013

:= PlanoPolar_P1 − + − 17 x0 3 x1 2 x2 2 x3

> P2:=[1,0,0,5]; evalm(P2&*A&*P2); PlanoPolar_P2:=evalm(P2&*A&*X); PlanoPolar2:=implicitplot3d(subs(x0=1,PlanoPolar_P2),x1=0..10,x2=-2..2,x3=0..5, axes=normal,color=green,grid=[20,20,20]): display({Elipsoide,PlanoPolar2});

:= P2 [ ], , ,1 0 0 5

32 := PlanoPolar_P2 − + 17 x0 5 x1 3 x3

> P3:=[1,5,1,2]; evalm(P3&*A&*P3); PlanoPolar_P3:=evalm(P3&*A&*X); PlanoPolar3:=implicitplot3d(subs(x0=1,PlanoPolar_P3),x1=0..10,x2=-2..2,x3=0..5, axes=normal,color=green,grid=[20,20,20]):

display({Elipsoide,PlanoPolar3});

:= P3 [ ], , ,1 5 1 20 := PlanoPolar_P3 − + 2 x0 2 x2

> solve(convert(evalm(X&*A-[1,0,0,0]),set));

{ }, , , = x2 0 = x0-12

= x3 -1 = x1-52

> Z:=[-1/2,-5/2,0,-1];

:= Z⎡

⎣⎢⎢

⎦⎥⎥, , ,

-12

-52

0 -1

Ejercicio 4> Q4:=3*x0^2-2*x1^2+2*x2^2-x3^2+4*x0*x1-2*x0*x2+2*x0*x3+4*x1*x2;

Q4 3 x02 2 x12 2 x22 x32 4 x0 x1 2 x0 x2 − + − + − := 2 x0 x3 4 x1 x2 + +

> a00:=coeff(Q4,x0,2): a11:=coeff(Q4,x1,2): a22:=coeff(Q4,x2,2): a33:=coeff(Q4,x3,2): a01:=coeff(coeff(Q4,x0,1),x1,1): a02:=coeff(coeff(Q4,x0,1),x2,1): a03:=coeff(coeff(Q4,x0,1),x3,1): a12:=coeff(coeff(Q4,x1,1),x2,1): a13:=coeff(coeff(Q4,x1,1),x3,1): a23:=coeff(coeff(Q4,x2,1),x3,1):

> A:=matrix(4,4,[a00,a01/2,a02/2,a03/2,a01/2,a11,a12/2,a13/2, a02/2,a12/2,a22,a23/2,a03/2,a13/2,a23/2,a33]); A_00:=submatrix(A,2..4,2..4):

:= A

⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢

⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥

3 2 -1 12 -2 2 0

-1 2 2 01 0 0 -1

> det(A);

46> eigenvectors(A_00);

[ ], ,2 2 1 { }[ ], , − 2 1 1 0 ,

[ ], ,−2 2 1 { }[ ], ,− − 2 1 1 0 [ ], ,-1 1 { }[ ], ,0 0 1,Hiperboloide hiperbólico, reglado o de una hoja.> implicitplot3d(subs(x0=1,Q4),x1=-10..10,x2=-10..10,x3=-10..10,axes=normal,grid=[20,20,20]);

Ejercicio 5> Q5:=3*x0^2-12*x1^2-4*x2^2-5*x0*x1+4*x0*x2+3*x0*x3+14*x1*x2+4*x1*x3-2*x2*x3;

Q5 3 x02 12 x12 4 x22 5 x0 x1 4 x0 x2 3 x0 x3 − − − + + := 14 x1 x2 4 x1 x3 2 x2 x3 + + −

> a00:=coeff(Q5,x0,2): a11:=coeff(Q5,x1,2): a22:=coeff(Q5,x2,2): a33:=coeff(Q5,x3,2): a01:=coeff(coeff(Q5,x0,1),x1,1): a02:=coeff(coeff(Q5,x0,1),x2,1): a03:=coeff(coeff(Q5,x0,1),x3,1): a12:=coeff(coeff(Q5,x1,1),x2,1): a13:=coeff(coeff(Q5,x1,1),x3,1): a23:=coeff(coeff(Q5,x2,1),x3,1):

> A:=matrix(4,4,[a00,a01/2,a02/2,a03/2,a01/2,a11,a12/2,a13/2, a02/2,a12/2,a22,a23/2,a03/2,a13/2,a23/2,a33]); A_00:=submatrix(A,2..4,2..4):

:= A

⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢

⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥

3-52

232

-52

-12 7 2

2 7 -4 -132

2 -1 0

> simplify(evalm(X&*A&*X));

3 x02 12 x12 4 x22 5 x0 x1 4 x0 x2 3 x0 x3 − − − + + 14 x1 x2 4 x1 x3 2 x2 x3 + + −

> det(A);

0

> rank(A);

2La cuádrica tiene una recta de puntos singulares.> factor(subs(x0=1,Q5));

−( )− − + 3 4 x1 2 x2 ( ) − + + 2 x2 3 x1 1 x3La recta de puntos singulares es la recta intersección de los planos:> Plano1:=-3-4*x1+2*x2; Plano2:=2*x2-3*x1+1+x3;

:= Plano1 − − + 3 4 x1 2 x2 := Plano2 − + + 2 x2 3 x1 1 x3

> Pi1:=implicitplot3d(Plano1,x1=-10..10,x2=-10..10,x3=-10..10,axes=normal): Pi2:=implicitplot3d(Plano2,x1=-10..10,x2=-10..10,x3=-10..10,axes=normal):

> display({Pi1,Pi2});

Ejercicio 6> Q6:=x1^2+6*x0*x1-x0^2+x2^2-10*x0*x2;

:= Q6 + − + − x12 6 x0 x1 x02 x22 10 x0 x2> a00:=coeff(Q6,x0,2): a11:=coeff(Q6,x1,2): a22:=coeff(Q6,x2,2): a33:=coeff(Q6,x3,2): a01:=coeff(coeff(Q6,x0,1),x1,1): a02:=coeff(coeff(Q6,x0,1),x2,1): a03:=coeff(coeff(Q6,x0,1),x3,1):

a12:=coeff(coeff(Q6,x1,1),x2,1): a13:=coeff(coeff(Q6,x1,1),x3,1): a23:=coeff(coeff(Q6,x2,1),x3,1): A:=matrix(4,4,[a00,a01/2,a02/2,a03/2,a01/2,a11,a12/2,a13/2, a02/2,a12/2,a22,a23/2,a03/2,a13/2,a23/2,a33]); A_00:=submatrix(A,2..4,2..4):

:= A

⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢

⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥

-1 3 -5 03 1 0 0

-5 0 1 00 0 0 0

> det(A); rank(A);

03

> eigenvalues(submatrix(A,2..4,2..4));

, ,1 1 0Cilindro parabólico.Tiene un punto singular.> solve(convert(evalm(X&*A),set));

{ }, , = x2 0 = x0 0 = x1 0Punto singular:> S:=[0,0,0,1];

:= S [ ], , ,0 0 0 1> implicitplot3d(subs(x0=1,Q6),x1=-5..5,x2=-5..5,x3=-5..5,axes=normal);

>