Upload
huanucocallao
View
254
Download
8
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 1/150
#qa_
nneh#I&[[
sHSvrfro
@JFro@Jr,
KH
J.K[HV[SJ`{EH¡'¡ro
`@
[SJCJIo
r@K[-rsrSE.¡\L
9 ; tf ltHrunt
H&MFJ@Qelnne
]}M
&trJ@[A@A&nrQA,@[-nne
l,__
GJ@XJL
E}H
JTSHI[{KEYJIH
:
E
'\--'
H,LSF[S.O@EFJ
CJVEFJ
A@[}[IV[SHJE
{TJS[M
V}
föufo915ü44>;3
[åf`efo ko
ltlevhl
Ophrjtevo.
n
e
e
E
E
{
¡
E
E
l
,.-,ê
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 2/150
JX[OSEYJFEÖ@ U KENXVEÖ@
GJ[HS[JL
Kr`Êf[rfo
HVFSrro
NJG.
OFXTJFEO@JL
9
OFXTJFEO@
@E^HL
Fo`
lj
ne`jlekjk kh
njfeletjr
hl
jprh`kezjih
h` hl khsjrrollo kh lj norgjfeö`
y
fjpjfetjfeö`
h`
lj
ofupjfeö`
khl
GHFÊ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j `evhl `jfeo`jl
y
khij`ko
lj
posecelekjk
kh
u` ghiorjgeh`to
y
jftujlezjfeö`
phrgj`h`th, sh
jutoúzj lj
JTLEFJFEÖ@ U KENXVEÖ@
kh
gjthrejl kekêftefo
hsfreto
rhnhreko j
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
E@KXV[SEJL
(TJS[H
E)
.
Los Kerhftorhs Yo`jlhs
y
Ihnhs
kh
X`ekjkhs
Ophrjtevjs
so`
los rhspo`sjclhs
kh
su
kenuseö`
y
jplefjfeö`
oportu`j.
KOFXGH@[O
JTSOCJKO
TOS HL
BHSH@[H
[ÅF@EFO KHL VH@J[E
@o kh
Têbe`j.
:;5..........
Shbestro
kh khrhfao
kh
jutor9
GH[JLGHFÊ@[FJ.
GHFÊ@EFO KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O.
rÅf@EFO oTHSJ[E^o.
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 3/150
HEHf[SÖ@EFJ
&{Vtf@
E@KX$[SEJL
NJS[H E
IJ[
nneelrt¡trl
E@KEFH
l.
Trhss`tjfeö`-
6
j
Y,[j¡hjl**
;-;;
& GO@[JIH KH
FOAHQEO@
SHVE$[OSH$
@H FJSCOA
6.
[jrhj
3
;',:
-
n 46
nne
GO@[JIH
KH
FESFXE[O
KH
NXH@[H
KH
JLEGH@[JFEO@
KH
GHKEJ
O@KJ
;.
[jrsj$-
-
:4;
-:68
'&r
e¿O@[JIH
KH FESFXE[O
KH
NXH@[H KH JLEGH@[JFEO@ [ETO
TXH@[H
V.[jrbj¡]*-
--Å
-**
-**-**
:6>-:;2
'
&r
GO@[JIH KH
NXH@[H
KH
JLEGH@[JFEO@ SHF[[NEFJKOSJ
FO@ NEL[SO
V.
Aoej kh [rjcj¡o
*
2.
elhkeo Jgceh`th-
:;5
-
:;5
V.
Cecleobrjnej-
+*r..
GHFJ¡E|FO KH
ú'EJ@[HúllGl
HA[O
j"
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 4/150
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVEFJ E@KXV[SEJL TJS[H E
,rl
tr@J@
TSHVH@[JFEO@
Hl
prhsh`th gj`ujl
kh
jprh`kezjeh
w`hspo`kh
jl
gökulo
norgjtevo
HLHF[SÖ@
rf@
HJVEF@ @
KXV[SEJL.
Tor lj fj`tekjk
kh
tjrhjs
sh aj
kevekeko h`
kos
pjrths,
hsth gj`ujl
sh
kH@OG¡@J
HLHF[SÖ@HJ
JÊVrfJ
E@KXV[SEJL TJS[H E. HVEH GökXEO
norgjtevo
hs kh
jplefjfeö`
h`
lj
hsphfejlekjk kh
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O"
Hl
prhsh`th
gj`ujl hstj
hstrufturjko
porljs
sebueh`ths tjrhjs9
q
G4@[JIH
KH
FO@HQEO@
SHVEV[OSHV
KH
FJSCO@.
nne
GO@[JIH KH
F|SFX|[O
KH NXH@[H KH
JL[GH@[JF[O@
KH
GHKEJ
O@KJ.
nne
GO@[JIH KH F|SFX[[O
KH
NXH@[H
KH
JL[GH@[JF[O@
[|TO
TXH@[H.
nne
GO@[JIH
KH
NXH@[H
KH
JLEGH@[JF[O@
SHF[[N[FJKOSJ
FO@
NEL[SO.
Åsth
gj`ujl e`fluyh
tjgceå`
fo` su
aoij
kh
trjcjio,
prothffeö`
khl
ghkeo
jgceh`th,
prhfjufeo`hs
kh
uso
kh los fogpo`h`ths.
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 5/150
,r
neelJ`
Hl-rfr`ör.rfJ
j{s``@KXsrS`LpJSrH
r
Dnne
GOA[JIH
KH
FO@HQEOA
SHVE$[OSH$
@H
FJSCOA
nerrHfJAtfo
üh
GJnr¡[$*lGlH@[o
,"
;
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 6/150
{m
#xr.u*
-
o
"rrrw
Ee#
{}T*#.at9'tt}l',l*,$
ç'J ne=E'
L nê.&L.t"ne
t
*;
k'=Ê
nt
tI
*,r,
t9e
;'[
`ne
Xsjr rwÊtçruwer* r.rl`l
# oawe r*h
r
f¡
G
hker
r
hhest#
r
hü teh
r-zrtsa
`
E
`*tjl jr
*er
*uetsÇ,
k
h
r
*ber"to
r*s
E
Nr*z*aojrrtr
|
*,'êulllru*l.rr-t
ùenrtt`l
E
nnI
rh*er,*,jrhs
**
fj*a*`
rl*
ket*r*`l*nr
vjlorh*
``NtJGRL
*FRn,¿
P
r.nne{;t'&a
l*l?&`$:,net*@:ne
Z`#,r.`vJ{9efy¿*.*
G
Rnne
pr`e.s
tueklr.nnm.i{
`r.
**rety':*@
p,*ü\*[*nt*&
re*.
*```*=r,=
E;[
Ü:
?lrI"la9
:::
n,nrRü
n¿*.¿lü{,
ni`
n,rt, nm?'
n n $.c,el?,h}`n$[ *
Ånetlntl-n\9
3$t6nr
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 7/150
HLHf[Så@E{9J
`Ês``
nne`u$[`tJt
TJS[H
E
IÅL
sHn{ne`
OTHSJFEÖnne
9
X$JS
[X
L[elelH[SO,
OAnne
EAH[SO.
TrofhsoOphrjflo`jl
Tjsol
9
Fo`ohrljs
fo`hxeo`hs
khl
protocojrk'
Fo`hxeo`hs
aorezo`alhh'
Fj`hxes`hs vhrtefjlhs
Njso
39
Xcewr
hl shlhftor
h`
lj
posefeö`
kh oageos
{n}}
y
shlhffes`jr
lj
hsfjlj
jkhfujkj
shbù`
lj
rhsesth`fej
j
ghker,
ONHSJ[EÖ[*9
[[HHES SHVE$[OSH$ Tb
FJSVå@
Vh
ajrê`
ghkefeo`hs
kj kenurh`ths
rh*ehth`fejs.
Tjlo
n E
lkh`tenehjr
lj
poth`fej
kh
ljs
rhsesth`fejs h` nu`feö` jlfujkro
jkiu`to.
GHFJNEEFü
üA GJA[
Hlt¡lG¡
Ht-l[O
j'
>
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 8/150
&
nne@nneÇ?
Hlrfr`ö@rf,J
CJ$nneJr@`usrA'JL
pJúrH
r
Njso
39
Ghker
ljs
rhsesth`fejs
fljkjh
{:4}
fh`hftj`kry
l`s
thr`re`jlhs
khl
gultçr`htrs
w`
pjrjlhlj
fs`
lj
rhsesth`sej
j
gskçr.
]kúfJr'¡
tüo
KH
GJtt[Ht{tGt
Åt{[FE
c¡r'¡"rrcrt
r
v
[
po[H@tlê,,,
*¡OnrttlXJL J
v`of
HA vJneos
TneelHl]V¡4netHV
HNE gg
K
L
;,:38
:,ne
;,*
ù,?,84
3,8
2,8
ü,8üü
6,2
:ne
:,*ZÜ
8,?
xh
3,J*rI
>,V
:&
6,444
5,6
63
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 9/150
ú
nnenurg
HLHf[SÖE$FJ
bJVEF*
E@KX$[SEJL
TJS[H
E
Tjso
69
Khthrge`jr
hl
vjlor öageg
kh fjkj
rhsçsth`fes
h`
nu`feö`
jl
fökebo kh folorhs.
fÖprfo
o€
boLoSHb
NJSJ Sfbtsrhl*fl*b
(;
NSJelIJbE
Volor
ShsntCc`fej r` oar`lor
[olhrh`fej
"
henrj
sebrtlnefjtevj
3" fnnrj
kb`Çnefjtevj
njftor
gulteplefjkor
@hb`o
4
x
l$`
Gjrö`
E E
x
:4t
Soeo
3
3
x:#
t 3*e
@jrj`ij
6
6
xenn
Jr`jrello ; :
x
:4n
^hrkh
8
8
* ltlt
.Jzt¡l
>
>
r
:Or
Golhtj
2
2
Bres
ü
ü
Clj`fo
E
E
Oro
x lV*
*1&/j
Tljtj
x:nnt * l4o/j
@e`bu`o
*,@$/j
Fùkebo
kh
folorhs pjrj rhsesth`fej$
kh
prhfeseå`
FÖKrfO KH
FOLOSHV
TJSJ
SH$EV[HEEEFEJH
{>
NSJAIJV}
Folor
Ahtlsa`fej h`
oageo*
[oljrj`flj
'jnrj
heb`enefjtlvj
3" flnrj
reb`enrfjlÇvj
3* fenej
Vbgeúfjtevj
ljùjr
gut{eplefjkor
@hbro
4
4
x :4ü
Gj`ö`
E :
:
x
n4'
*
l^s
Soio
3
3
3
x :4t
*
3o/q
@jrj`ij
6
6
6
x :4t
Jgjrçllo
;
;
;
xek
^hrkh
8
8
8
x
:4`
*,o,8j,/o
Jzul
>
c
E
^rolhtj
2
2 2
Bres
E
E s
Clj`fo
o
E
o
Zrj
x ltn'
Tljtj
x
:4"
@e`bu`o
GHFJA[FO
KH
GJr,¡[NanlGlH@[O
jt
1
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 10/150
G
Rnne
r9i-HF[
St6Grn=J
wabw
`
w*\ t#[ nteqt-
pant[
H
E
U'gsw
&9
{}ry*
l**
vjl*r**
r`r,rIe***
{^g}
y
los
wjl.*rh*
ksthrge`jù*s
p*r
*l **rItb*
r}u u`l*r**
{^l,l}
ll*rtjr
r¿l
*ujkrry
gù:*`lr9"
t)*`rIh9
^,,*
^&ljr
`jwù`jl
^rr*
^jlrlr
ghùektt
[r¡lx
[ol`rj`fej
^oPr*^jljr
gljxewz*
*
^,,
+.
t#l
^`,.,*^jlryr `lç`egrs
*
^,,
*
\r9l
?*t
*
?ts&9`*e`
n&``rpwlj*,nr&`
jrn,s*wjù`
ùw
xtss tw`uzç`g\*s
ùwtgs, rwÇ9,ennet-*r*.nne
l9;*t¡
qttw
t*`*r
*tstkjrl*
t=*` lg
gjrüpuljte*`
k# l*,h
t*rr`e`jt*s
kh
l*`
Tu*k*` qu*crjr
y
*l r*xell*r
q\I*;*
e`b=*rve\sl*,
h* pr*{*rettl*
u`jr
u`j
t`rr`e`jls*.
t*#e%t#rh&
lv*t(lt"t*
s*
pe`zj
pnner`
ù*nuljr
ls*
nùan,/;?,¿rü*
üa. Gh,?;[ml\¿l`,:n,lUt,e'[*
tt
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 11/150
,úl
snetÅneE
HEHf[SÖAEFJ
bJV@@
E@OX$[SEJL
nrJS[H E
FENH
SJF EÖ¡[
9 EüEV[JE*JS
VESFXE[$.V
[}H
SH$E$[OSHV
$h jp
rh ` kh j shlhffeo`j
r hl
rj`bj
y
Ej h sfj
lj jkhjtjkjr` h`th.
Nj*o :9
Berjr hl
shlhftor jlj
posefeö`
kh
voltjihs
y
ucefjrlo
h`
hl
rj`bo r`jyor
jl voltjih
quh
p€`sjr`os
r`hklr.
Njso
?9
Jrger
h`
hl
protocojrk
hl ferfueto
E
.
Nj*o
l9
n,o`hftjr
los
thrge`jlhs khl
gultçghtro
h`
.
pjrjlhlo
fo`
hl
hlhgh`to
jl fujl sh
lh
quehrh
ghkerhlvoltjih.
Njso ;9
Ghker
los
voltjihs
h`
ljs
trhs
rhsesth`fejs khl
ferfuet`
:
y
j`otjr los
vjlorh*.
Los
vjlorhs
kh
ljs
rhsesth`fejs
so`9
Sl
7:M
S3*
:,8::P
S6
*
3,3:<
UxlY^
Ts*o
89
Fjlfuljr
los
volljihhthörefos
khlferfuetoyj j`otjrlo*.
Njso 19
Llh`jr
ht
fujk
rj
jkiu`toy
*`*oAtrjr
los
hrrorhs.
S r[
HG
Hwo¡
nQ
z,3M
:,1¡q
s*
*r
GH[J¡ü
EFO
VH
GJ}.E[neE{
E[ê
EHn[[O
j'
:4
:FE
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 12/150
&
nne@tre'l
HLHf[Sör',rtJ
`Êsrf`rx`u*rSrJl
pJSrú
r
`r¡rtt
üo`kh9
H[
*^jltjih-
thårlfo
fjlfuljkü
pjrh
*jüj
rhsesth`fej.
HG
7
^oltjih
``hkeko
fs`
hl vsltçghtw&`
*jåljrhsesth`fej.
ü
E
h`or sh
fjlfu
lj
*j`
lj
*ebuehl`lh
njrgulj9
H`or9 {^,
-^"}
x :ùOj/j
\nl
Tjsj[=
üjrsus
ocs*wjoej`hrs
y
fo`fluseo`hs.
O
N
H S
J
F
E
Ö r*9
X $.J
S
EEú
X
L[
¡
rÙ
H
[
S ü F ÜG
ZJ
E$ T H nr
çRr
@r RJ
$h jprh`khrê
j
shlhff
eo`jr
*lw`b*lj
**fjljy fo`h*tjrls
jùh*ujùjrgt'l`th.
Tsso
n
9 Berjr
hl shlhstur
j lj
pjse*e&`
ù*, agphreos
ü*
^
jcefjrl`
h`
hn
rh`#ù
rnejyür
jlj
Njss
39
arr`jr
*`hlprotocojrk
h`
jerfuels?
Njso
69 Fo`hftjr
noh
thrge`jlhs
khl
r`ultçghtro
h`
shreh
fo`
hl
hlhgh`t
j
jl
fujn
sh
Çh
que*rh
ghkçrlj
forreh`th.
GHFJE'E
ltO
ü H
GJn'¡[Hat lnrú
E
Ht',t[O
-'-"-"7"=
'*
::
'::
**
-nt
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 13/150
r
HnnJ@ HLHf[SÖ[{EFJ
HJVlf@ EAE}XV[SEJL
TJS[H E
Njso
;9
Ghker ljs
forreh`thh
h` fjkj
u`j kh
ljs
rhsesth`fejs
togo
r`uhstrj hl
huquhgj9
S,7:M
ntr7:,8M
,Sr*3,3::
U*:3^
Tjso
89
Fjlfuljr
ljs
fo`eh`th
tårgefjs
y
j`otjr@js
Tjso
>9
Llh`jr
hl fujkro jkiu`to
y
h`fo`trjr
los
hrrorhs.
S
t,
lr l**
:m
:,8
M
3,3
M
.
FEs`kh9
n.r
*
Forreh`th
thÖrefj
lu
*
Forreh`th
ghkekj
H,r*
7 Hrror
H`or
7
ry
xloo%
Tj*o 29 Kjr sus ocshrvjfeo`hs
y
fo`fluseo`hs
OE.EEOJ$O
Hel
LJ GHKrfÅA
KH
EE{[ÅAVEKJKHV
Ajy
quh
th`hr hsphfejl fuekjko
jl
ghker
e`th`fekjkhs, u`j gjlj
fo`hxeö`
fogo
por
hihgplo
po`hrlo
h`
pj`jlhlo
fo` hl ha`rh`to
j
ghkerkhthreorj
jl
l`strugh`to.
GH[J@EFO KH GJ@[H {EÇI|EHE{[O
jo
:3
:3
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 14/150
G
R
ÅPLHnr[
RV@Eü
a
nne anelr,
a
tunrXb
r
Ml nr,L
E' Jw[ a E
SHVEV[H@FEJV
Lj rhsesth`fej
hs
u`o
kh
los
fogpo`h`th$
egprhsfe`keclhs
h` lj
fo`struffeö`
kh fujlquehr
hquepo
hlhftrö`efo,
yj quh phrgeth
kestrecuer jkhfujkjgh`th
lj
t'h`sc`
y
forreh`th hlåftrefj
j
tokos
los
pu`tos
`hfh$jreos.
Khskh
hl
pu`to
kh vestj
kh
Ej rhfçst¡vekjk,
pokhgos
h`fh`t€r
gjthreêlhs
fo`kuftorhs
t`o
prhsh`tj`
`e`bu`j oposefeö`
jl
pjsj
kh
lj ffrreh`th hlåftrefj),
jeslj`ths
(`o
phrg¡t€`
hl nml¡o
kh f:)reh`th),
y
rhsestevos
(quh
prhsh`tj`
fehrtj rhs¡sth`fej).
Kh`tro
kh
hsth ùlt¡go
brupo
sh
searj` ljs rhsesth`fejs.
Ljs rhsesth`fej$
so`
fogpo`j`lhs
h¡åftrefoC
pjhevos
h`
lof
quh
lj th`seö`
e`stj`tê`hj
jplefjkj
hs
proporfeo`jl
j
lj
e`th`sekjk
kh forreh`th
quh
ferftlj
por
hlloo.
bu
u¡ekjk
kh
ghkekj hs hn
oageo
{{}}.
$h
puhkh`
keveker h`
trh$
brupos9
SH$E$[HAFEJ$
Vu vjlor kh rhse$th`fej hs
fo`stj`th
y
L¡AHJLH$
NEIJV
hstê
prhkhthrge`jko
por
hl njcrefj`th
SHVEV[VE¡|F|JV
$u
vjlor
kh
rss¡sth`fej
p$hkh
v€rejr
kb`tro
^JSE,JCLH5
kh u`os
'çgeths.
SH$E$[H'¡F*V
Vu vjlor kh rhse$th`fej
vjreê kh
norgj
¡eO-L,n-rHJB=-
`o,¡`hjn
khph`keh`rto kh keste`tjs
gêb`et
kh$
n¡sefês
{thr`psrjturj,
tuge`osekjk,
hlf.),
J.
SHV'V[HAFEJ$
LE[{HJLÅV
NEIJV
Hsto*
fo``po`h`ths
kh
kos thrge`jlhs
prhsh`tj`
u`
yjlor
`sge`jl rih
rhsesth`fej
fo`stj`th
(khthrge`jko por
hlnjcrefj`th),
y
u`
fogportjgeh`to
le`hjl.
l.
Fjrjftjrçstefjs
tåf`efjs
Hstjs
so` ljs
hsphfeúfjfeo`hs tåf`¡fjs gês egporlê`ths
qu€
pükhgos
h`ff`trjr
h`
ljs
af,ijs
kh
fjrjflhrestçfj$
quh
`js
suge`estrj
hlljcrefj`th9
\.
Shhesth`fej
`oge`jl
{N,}9
hs *l
u"lo, fagefo
buh
s€
hsphrj {¡uC
th`bj hl
for`pü`s`th.
==-jú'=9úD
.'¿eaeêGü¿turr&rt&eh.-t.kú**"-hh.#,*
cnrüZlzl*lü*
nne't9"n\nrrt,t:;[a^nnenran'&9[ü
nne
jt
:6
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 15/150
HLHf[SÖAFJ
bJVEF¿
E}¡VXV[úEJL
SJS[H E
IE
nneÇu¡g
[jlhrj`flj9
hs
hl
gjrbh` kh
vjlorhs
quh
rokhj*
&lj
rhsests`fej `oge`jl
y
h`
hl
quh
sh h`suh`trj
hl
vjlor rhjl
kh
lj rhsesth`fej.
$h
hxprh$j h` tj`to por
feh`to
socrh
hl
vjlor`f¡`e`jl.
Los
vjlorhs
kh
rhsesth`fej
`or`e`*l
y
ts|rhrj`fej
hhtê`
`orgjlez*kos
kh tjl norrrrj
qut
kejpo`hrneos
kh
u`¿
bêr`j
kh
vjljrhs
y
$t¡s
forrhsNo`keh`tjs
tflhrj`hejs
j ljs
quh
th`hgos
quh
jfobhr`o$
j lj aorj
kh hlhber
lj
rhsehth`fej
`hgsetjkj.
Nfth`fej
`oj`e`jl
{T,,}9
hs
lj
pfth`fej
{h`
vjteos}
quh
lj
rhsl*th`flj
puhkh
keslpjr
se`
khthreorjrsh j lj
thr`phrjturj
`oge`jl
kh
nu`flo`jr`eh`to,
Hstj
hs
lj
poth`fej
quh puhkh
ke*epjr lj
rhsesth`fej
*
u`j
thgphrjturj
jgceh`th
jl
e`trhreor
khl jrthnjfto,
r`jb`etuk
buh
veh`h
sehgprh
e`kefjkj
por
hl
Çjcrefj`lh
bh**rjlgh`th
j 2*
"F.
Tjrj
ocl*`*r
u`&
cuh`j nejcelekjk
y
h*tjcetekjk
khl
go`tjih sh
rhf`geh`kj
So
pjsjr
ij``ês
khl
V4
%
kh
*u
pjth`flj
`or`e`jl
pjrj
ljs
rhsesth`fejs
kh
prhfçseö`
y
khl
24Uo
pjrj
ljs
rhsesth`fejs
kh
uso
forreh`th,
njrj
ljs
rhslhth`fejs
kh
jljr`arh
lj e`kefjfeå`
kh
poth`fej
veh`h
kjkj
pür
fenrjs h`
sü
r`esgj
suphrnefeh.
geh`trjs
quh
pjrj
ljs
kh
fjrcö`
y phnçfulj
ghtêlefj
ljs
fujlhs llhvj` nrj`ejs
kh
ffnorhs,
lj
pfth`fej
`o $s
e`kesj
fo`
hstjs
nrj`ijs
se`j hs
`hf&sjreqr
r*fo`jfhlr
por
hl
ejgjnro.
Tjrj
hllj
sh
guhstrj
lj
*ebueh
`thtjclj9
.
TO[HneEFEJ
@OAE[{JL
J
nnf
HA ^JSO$
OlgHel$lOt{HV
tA
¡``r
n) L
jI38
:,ne
;,1
4,38Z
3,8
2,ne
4,8ù4
6,2
:J
:,444
8,3
:V
3,nrJne
>,1
:1
6,444
5,6
63
¡
[h`je#`
gfge`jl
{^"}9
hs
lh
th`seö`
ff`te`uj
bus
$h
forrh`po`k*
fo` lj
rhsesth`f}j
y
pjtr,`fej
`jge`jl.
t`th`úekj
k
`wrù`*l
{:"}9
hs
lj
e`th`sekjk
fo`te`uj
quh
sh
forrh$po`kj
f*` lj
GÅtJntllt9FE
ünr
GJA[AE'EEGEEA[O
G
¿
j
:;
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 16/150
&
nnenn#`
HLHf[SÖGfJ
bÊslfb
EE*'KXV[SEJE-
pJS[A
E
[H`slö`
gêxeg*
kh nu`hejl`sr`ejl`t*
{^*,,:9
[jgpjrjturj
`pr`e`jl
{["}9
hs
nj
l*gphrjturj
poth`fej
`oge`jl,
hs
lj
gtxer`j
t*`9*e*`
**`tt`uj
j
jlthr`j
*{e*jz
qu*
*@
ùe*p`uetevrr
`j
puhkh
s*crr=phsjr
kh
njnn`j
fj`te`uj
& lj
thg
phrhturj
`jge`jlkh
nu
`
fe s`jgev`to.
jr`ceh`t*
j lj
q*h
*j ù*ne`*
lj
[cr`phrjlurj gêxegj
kh
tu`f,eo`j¡nneçh`tp¡
N
o
:44j/o
([
*ol9
&$
lj
r`e*xegj
t*gphr*mtrj
jgces`t*
h`
lj
quh
hlkÇsposetevj
puhkh
lrjcjijr
*e`
kht*rç*rjrsh.
Lj
ke*e9pj*e``
kh
u`j
r**ext*`*ej
kesr`e`uyh
j,
g`kerl`
qu*
junnrh`lj
lj
thg
phrjlurj
jgceh`th
*`
lj
r¡u*
**tê
trjcjej`ü*.
[*,
E
E
+
Fohn¡feh`th
kh thgphrjtu
rj
{Frl9
hs lj vjrejfçö`
khl
vjl*r
k*
lj
rhses{h`
*e* *j`
lj
thgphrjtur*.
F$hnefeh`th
kh
*h`.r,es`
{F,l9
hs
lj
vjrejfeö`
rhljtevj
ù*l
v*lür
kh lj
rhsesth`fej
r*sphfto
jl
fhgceo
kh
ts`seù`
qu€
lj
aj
pr*v**jko.
Hstjcelekjk,
khrerrjs E
rhprssh `lj
lj
vjrejfeö`
rjlj{w*
k*l
vjljr
k*
lj `*sesth`
ue`
p*r
``otevrs
*phrjlev**,
jgcer¡`tjlhs, phreokjo
ljrbr,*
k*
nu`fr*`jger=`ts,
rs p*r
hE
pr
*pe`
nu`k*`
jger¡`tr"
_
&uekg
sh khch
j shújl
{o
shújlh*}
quh
hürlgpjntj`
j
Ej
sfú*l
ù* e`lhrh*
y
quh
Gnr
FJa¡ EFO
üH
GJ@[HE:¡
EGE
HE{[O
"¡t"'cr r't
lN
:8
:8
üurv*
kh
keoepjfeö`
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 17/150
ú
nnen*J`
H[HF[SÖAEFJ
bJVEF@
AKX$[HEJL
TJS[H E
3. Fatentfjflö`
kh
Shcth`flrs
Le`s¡c*
Lj
flj6enefjfeö`
kh >stjs
rhsccrefejs
hh
puhkh
ajfhrhre
cjs s :>
gscraah
utelezjkos
pjrj
su
fo`sauff¡ö`, cêsefjt`h`th
ghzfljs
kh
fhrcö`
o
brjntoh
y
gjthrejlhs o
jcjfeo`hh
ghtêlefjs.
Etgc¡å`
sh
puhkh`
kcü`buer kcl¡otos tepos
jth`kehrko j
fjrjfthrejlefjh
fo`stru{*evjs
y
bsogêlreg.
X`j
khhenefjfeå`
hhrls lj s ¡ueh`lh9
,e,,"r,
$*,heneCùel,
r',,,'9]tH[JLlVnet,,.'W.
''9
.
JblOgbrêkjs'.,' '
r
KhfjTh,
'
'
9
'.
bb
wpr'
,'
.
üophlçfrulj¡,
9l
9
j)
Shslstb`fljsk*
-9----- '
'
'"
r
Coce`jkjs''
'
{s
hl
tepj gês
utelezjko
y
hl
gjthrejl
cjhh
h`
su
fo`struffeö`
hs
hl fjrcö`
o
brjneto.
Vo`
kh
phquhúo
tjgjúo
y
cjej
kesepjfeö`
kh
poth`fej.
Vhbù`
hl
prsfhso
kh
njcrefjfeö`
y
su fo`stetuflö`
e`thr`j,
pokhgoh
keste`buer9
Shslhts`sess
Jbloghrjkjs
[jgceå`
$j
fo`oft`
oFE` hl
`ogcrh
kh
"fogposefeö`",
khceko
j $u
oo`st¡tufeù`9
u`j
gåz&lj kh
fjrcö`,
r`jthrlj
jeslj`th,
y.rhsenej
jbloghrj`th.
^jrej`ko hl
porth`tjih
kh
hstos
sogpo`h`tfs
sh
octeh`h`
loo
keste`toh vjlorhh kh
rhsesth`sej$.
H`trh su$
fjrjfthrçstesjs
sh
puhkh
khhtjfjr9
n
Sjcusthz
ghfê`lfj
y
hlåftrefj
{socrhfjrbj}.
¿r
Cjeosfohnefeh`ths
kh th`seÖ`y
thgphrjturj"
n Hlhvjko
`evhlkh
rueko.
¿5
Fo`sekhrjclhs
khrevjs,
Shsesùp`fejs
kh
Fjph
nlh
FjrcÖ`
H`
hsth tepo
kh
rhsesth`fejs,
tj
njcrçfjfeö`
h$tê cjsjkj
h`
hl
khposeto kh
lj
fogpo$efeö`
rhsestevj
$ocrh
u`
fuhtpo tuculjr norgjko
por
gjthrejlhs
vltrhos
fhrêglfos.
üjr`o fjrjfthrçstefjs
g
ês
eg
portj`ths
9
,n
Hlhvjko
fohnefeh`th
kh
thgphrjturj.
'n
Voportj`
r`jllhs
socrhfjrbjs.
,tn
Suekjy
fohnefeh`thkh
th`heÖ`
prêftefjgh`th
`ulos.
n
Gjy jr
prhfeseö`
y
r`h`o
rhs khrevj$
buh
ljs
jblog
hrjk
js
9
GHVJ['llFFE
VH GJA[H@EGEHE'E[O
:>
n>
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 18/150
G
R
nrLHn'[
nt9Ö[;R
a #
nuVEFJ RGLI#[
E6E
@L
TJ.@[
Q
E
tu|
Rw`e`t
s
``Ç-
`s
?&jte¡tes
`*
#"*tj*
r*sj*L*rt*ej*
*,*tr&`
t``*LetttmIjs
bt*r
g*tjl*u,
&x,erItth
y
jl*ghes`*,*
g*tetle*`*
*,ùr`* r`jlh`jl
ajs`.
Vwbu`
*l
prw9*s*
;*
t*cre*u.*eu`
,¡
"=xrplt*`ut*`
`
lj
qu*
neh
khste
`
j `
p
*
rm*g*
*
k,
t*te`bt
ner.,
&*
* rwt*
w *ç
jx
&*
*
`pg
R*tateu
`
**:.*`
t*`*tetuerLjx
pür
u`
w*prsrtw
quh pu*ù*
*hr
ù*
per*x
,
'*erm'e*
,
ütt&t
zr9)
*
p*r**l&`nne
,
hücr* *l
qjh
s*
;*p*sethne
$,gph*
p*r
r*ù**jtrttt
quçr`ç*j
ührnne.
wl
r=j**
ku
*y,"wIrs*
r`*t9êleq`#
ü
pot
v*p*rttjurs`
ul',¿jr=ers
üùrh
w*ejlrl*
*
jl*jr=teutlz.tne
`wtjlttjjw.
L**
*xtre*s
g#t*
utlelezjù*,$
#*`
**
hstj#,&,
&*ler`*`e*
*
e`rIe*,
tü{`ü
wjljlw*
y
r*l*=*r=ertru*x
ù*
*rne,
pljte`*,
uzùe{l,¡
:z*l`rleo
r}*rùrrt
r},*E
b^rup*
k*t r`*ljl*j
pr*xutx*`.
*.sttt* **r`p*`*`tus
lew`w* u`h
brjnt
h*tjaelerIjù.
,¡
pr**ç*e*`
y
"trft
ts,=titt'rùvb=l ri*
rutrI*
'p*r
l`
quh
&u*lh`,
**r *alezjùj.s
&`
jplef=j*e*`*s
*xebj`lh`.
*"`lr*wLtne
tI{ernr
*twrç*te**sg&stwzprtrtg`l**'.
,9.9t
{;&`b#*
r*{Luf,et r,s
rI*
ysrst*rt*e*y
th`wts`.
,
9,N
nr
st
r
*
f*j*
t*L* r
j`
r,e`x
y
*l*v gù j * *tgaelerÇ
jk
.
,n nnej:* r,**te*e*`t*
*h\*gp*rjtjruy
jltj*t9#nneph[hturjs
rI*
tu`*ers`jr`ew,`ts.
,,e`
nt.*&tt*etlo
`çv*'t
ù*
rwetl$
Rsse*t*`f
*`*
#s
R
glç*wÇj
*&*tÅ*ll¿r=j
Lj ùtnn,r*`*e*
nu`qe`gw`t"jl
t=*`
l**
j`thresr**
h*tet
*rr
ljs
t9af`erjx
r6*
n*lsre*j*eu`
ut¡lezjkjs,
nne`ktj`t*
lj*
u¡jls* s* [tj`
(6#t:&ü,bueù*
e`trrbrrxr
r*r6**
r6*
rH*'*e*t*`r=çu`.
Lrsx
rvzgtsrejl*s
ajs*
u*`***
*{\
#u
njcre`j*e*` y
l*'s
rusrüünr
xrsp*rt*
s,*tr
yt,`
*jrjjtwrç&ter=*s
r6w
lj*
twse*Lu'e,*ej*
r``Le*le¡=u*,
nne
*'t"üwp*mt`
ùh
l*s
etwerl*s
r`*t'ale**`"
*hrrtr*
*h
*`th
?.epr*
tjrut?se*` p*ù*r'o`**
ùen*r*rtr=ejr
k*s
\ty0rr*9
ù*=
p*lçft-t:w
rI*lbgre`
,y
ù*
T`lç*ulj
te,rün,s,`,
kvnwr*`*e&`ri*w*
*` l`* r.#t'ê*Grç*:e*p.x
**`stru,&te,¡tt9t*.
Lrxx
prr`*eyt`l** v*`lwejs
rej
*rblt**
r*xekth**ej*
rr*rIe*j
#*
net)
*rstsr*t*rIrs
*`
tu
ke`ys*`r[tele*jrI
*u r**hs
t\*
r**e*tw`fr*j`
e`t*¡y`rms.
.
&,
T##&t
ttr*
'&u
r*'ùu*,etI*
nt2#{b*{:
ttr*
p*t"*`*ej,
e`l*re*r
j
:
l['@
,
l`*
v*rzlgeg,*
r**bt*r9Lrs
j
ljs
rw*Hxtw`*rjs
kt**r*tj**
puwü*`
rg#ut'tlrr
*`..
,9e¡
***t*
gwne*n
phrh,
*`
*.ze*r`j
`ur`*r* ùb
r*brbLbrtu,ej*.
,9?
nt*reus*ej`
ksÇ
*jalwjù*,,
p*#* y
**pju&
&t: *l
*,erjnet=*_
GU*ne:llt)ü
*`
U,&n\n;Çne6'tlr¡nrtcn;'[{6
:2
rwit¡feri* tjr```*,
'b
*t?rù*
üügpryr\r¿`tw
:2
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 19/150
HLHf[SöArsJ
`{sf.h
el{`usrStJl
TJS[H E
,Jr
sHú[J@
¿n
[jlhrj`fejs
r`ês
jiustrjkjs.
¿r Fjrjùhrçstefjs
bh`hrjlhs
kh
lj$
u`ekjkhs
e`thbr*kjs
guy ser`eljrhs
y
vjlorhs
`og
e`jlhs
prêftefjgh`th ekå
`tefps.
n
?jsecelekjk
kh
octh`feå`
kh
vjlorhs
öagefos keste`tos
s` nu`feù`
kh
lj
fo`neburjfe*`
l`thr`j
y
hl
`ùghrokh
rhslsth`fejh
e`thbrjkjs.
Hstj
ùltegj
posecelekjk
hstê
lebjkj
jl tepo
kh
h`fjpsuljko
h`
quh
sh
prhsh`lj
lj
rhk.
H`
lj
prêftefj
los r`ês oogu`€s
buh
s&
`bs
prhjh`üj`
so`9
,h[epj$ll,
klsposefçö`
kh
thrge`jlhs
h` u`j
lç`hj,
utjkj
tjgcerê`
pjp
jlbu`os
tepfh kh
fs`hftorhs-
ê
[epj
KlL,
fjrjhthrestefê kh los h`fjpsuljkfs kh fçrfuetos e`thbrjkjs.
ShjloIh`fejs
Coce`jkjs
H`
hsth
tepo
sh hgplhj`
fogo
soporthh
`ùflhos
fhrêgefü$
y
vçtrhos,
y
oogFE
gjthrejlhs
rhsestlvos ghtjlhs
o jlhjfeo`hs
h`
norgj
kh aelos
o
fe`tjs
kh u`j
khthrge`jkjrhje*tevekjk,
quh
so`
coce`jkob
socrh
los
`ùfcos
soporth.
Bh`hrjlr`h`th
sh
suhlh
ajfhr
u`j
huckevlseö`
kh
hsth tepo h` coce`jkjs
kh
poth,`fej
y
cocç`jkjs
khprhfeslö`,
shbu`
lj
jplefjreb`
j
lj
quh
shkhste`j`.
Fogo fjr,jfthrlstefjs
bh`hrjlh$
sh
puhkh`
khstjfjr ljs
sebulh`ths9
rn
Brj` kehepjfl,ü`
kh
poth`fejs
y
hlhvjkjs
thgphrjturss
kh trjcjio.
,9n Hlwjkj
prhfeseå`,
vjrejfeö`
fo`
lj thgphrjturh
y
c*ej
th`seö` kh
rueko.
rn
Zj`sekhrjclhs
hnhftos
e`kuftevos.
n üj`struffeö`
rocustj.
Ljs rhsesth`fejs
coce`jkjs
$h
puhkh`
e`fluer
h`
j$u`os
kh
los r`fkhlos
foghrfejlhs
sebueh`ths9
aelokhsf*ce€rts,
hsgjlt*kjs,
vetre{esjkjs,
y
jestjkjsP
C.
SH$E$[HAFEJV
^JSEJCLH$
Hsürs
rhsesth`fejs
puhkj`
vjrejr
su
yjlor
kh`tro
kh
u`os
lÇgeths. Tjrj
hllo
sh
lhs
aj
jújkeko u`
thrfhr th``e`jl u`eko
j u`
fj`tjfto
r`övel
quh puhkh
khspljzjrss socrh hl
klhgh`to
rhsestevs
prop*rsef`j`ko
vjrejf=çs`ss
s`
hl
vjlor
kh
lj
rhsesth`fej.
Hsth
thrfhr
thrge`jl
puhkh
th`hr
u`
khsplj¡j``eh`to
j`b*ljr
{ber*torlo}
o
lo`betuke`jl
{khslezj`th}.
GHFJAEFFE KH
GJ@[ÅE.EEGEbA[O
j"
:C
:C
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 20/150
NLHf[Söú¡rfJ
hJsrf*
t@`u$[S[JL
pJS[H
r
&
nnenwg
Vhbù`
hu
nu`feå` h`
hl
ferfueto
hstjh
rhsesth`fejs sh kh`oge`j`9
Nüth`he
ùghtrss9
sh jpltfj` hnl
ferfuetos
kf`kh
lj
vj`jfrrr`
flh rh*ext*`xej
lj
hnhùeg
hl
usujrço kh*ù* hl
hxthrejr
{ff`trulh*
k*
jukef,
veù&*,
htf.)P
Hxesth` kh vjrejs norr`js
y
fo`jtruffeo`hs,
por
hi*gplo
ss
teh`h
kh jljgcrh,
k*
fjrcö`,
ùh
pl#r*tefs
ff`kuftfr,
fhrêgefjh,
&Çf. J*e gesr**
hvre*t*`
g*kjl{,*
quü
pu*kh`
th`hr u`j
vjrejfeö`
le`*jl
h
`o.
$s`os
-
fösh`ss,
l*bjretr`efos
ü
hxpFE`hr?*ljlhs.
$h
puhkh`
****`trjr
poth`fejj
khskh
*.YnrR', *jst*
Y,neR=
g`
fjrcö`
y
phrjrntjyorhs poth`fejs
&`
jljgcrh"
r-
**{-e-_*
Shsehlh`fej *bt`gh
r jk
*
J`ell¡o
khl
frtrson
Tothj flår¡¡
*lr *
kh
p*lef
ulj
[regghr&
9
o
rhsesth`fejs jiustjclh$9 h kelhrh`uj`
kh ljs
j`threrrhs *ne
qus
s¿I
jiuoth hs k*ne`etevo h` hl ferfueto
kj`kh vj`
jplrfjkjs.
Vu
jjfhs*
hhtê
ler`etjkojlphrho`jll,&f`lfo{**`trolhs
k9#neh`h`ftj,p*ljrezjfe*`,
*t*"},
Vo` rhsesth`fejh vjrejclrls
ge`ejturjs
tjgcen9`
lljgjùjj
tregpj
t,
hxe*t*`
ùh
lss gejx
olr`pÇhs ajstj ljs
kh
prh*exr*`,
j*ç gtsntls
a*y kh
u`jv9r,<u
y
ajslj
k*
Jnr
t¡u*ltj*
(prhfeseö`)
hstos
fogpo`h`ths
sj`
khste`jkfs
& *&r gj`tjüf,x
h`
l*s
*er*uets*
egprhsos
y
so`
utellzjkss
pjrj'lj
fjlecrjfe*`
kh
l*s
ferfuet*s
jlhlftr*`efr9s, h*Qrss
hlhr`h`tss `&
so`
r[lj`eucrjclhs
pw
hE
usujre*
h`
shrveuej `*rnnejl
Nxe*th`
u`nne
bjgj
kh
vjlorhs
h`trh
:ù
y
: *h
y
k*skh *,?ajjl*
:R,
GH[JnE¡EFO
üú
GJ@[Hn.EEGEHaE[O
j'
:5
:1
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 21/150
HLHf[SÖE{EFJ
@JbtF@
E@@X$[SEJE
TJS[H
E
ú
nnenr|¡nrl
nne
Shösùn,tos9
>o`
rhsesth`fejs
vsrejclhh
h` ljs
buh
u`o
kh
sus
th``e`jlhs
hxt`Cgos
hstê
hlÅftrefjr`h`&
j`uljko. [j`to
h`
u`
poth`feöghtro
fogo
u`
tregghr,
sl khijr
u`os
kh sus
thrge`jlhs hxtrhr`os
jl
jerh,
su
wgrrrrtjr`eh`to
*hrê
hl kh u`
rhöstjto,
ju`buh hstfs hstê` keshújkos
Rr
s soportjr
brj`kht
horreh`ths-
'l,
Fjrjführnstefj* [öf`efjj
Hstjs so`
ljh
hhphfenefjfeo`hs tåf`efjs
gêh
er`portj`ths
quh
pokhgos h`fo`mjr s`
ljh
"
aoijs
kh
fjrjfthrlstefjs
quh
`os sur`e`estrj`
hl
njcrefj`th9
Nthforkko
ghfê`efo
Shfs`e&
ghfê`eoo
fo`
e`th`uptot
St,¡S`+tol+tù+ü
[oph
¿
E
GÅVJE{EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j"
34
3J
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 22/150
G
Rnnerh
j
'r,
|*{r.üqtrrera*
g*j,ù`e*&9
#h
*l
r6*xplhg*r`e*`t*
qu*
lm`etj` l**
p*rrtlr.x
#"*,
pjr`rej
ùwl
üeIr
&* r
{>s
u`t*
s
*xtr
*r`
*s},
\
nrhf*rreùu
hlh*trer=&9
hs,lj
pjrt*
k*t9t
j**pljzjgeh`t*
qu*
prr9p*rüej`j`
=j`tce`**`
*l
vjl`r
ù*
lj
rhbesth`r9ej.
#u*lj
f*e`*,erler
*,*`
wl
r*t9,*rreù*
g*tj`e**,
\
nts`rst*`*ej
`*r`e``l
{R,":9
v`l*r **bt*rjr}*
r6*
r**t*@trt*çj
vgregcl*
w`m* R*`
lçgel**
kwn
rhü*r
reks
*:,&
r=tre*j .
't
RPsstsnuw`*ew
rhweùwjl
ùu te` r6*
ytewtj
nr,l9
r*`esls`*,ej
ü$`2r*rtreeùj
qz`tr*
*l
lçutet*
*wp*re*r
¡I*l
r***rrerl*
hl'c*Lre** ùhl
furxsr,,¡ wl r9rs`tjr9[j
1
{v*r
neburj}.
',,
nne*#tethg*tj
rh*ekwjl k*
pre``eyter*
rIx
pe*tj
{rol9
vjlrtr
ùh
vt*esth`r9e>
ü#rçrpr*[tr}er}j
sr*rs lçr`eth
e`nsre*r
khl r*,**rrek*
,*E(t*lrer=*
y
wl frtrùgftp
e\
{vur
nrburj}.
\
Rwgestw`sçj
tstjl
{RuE9
rjse*t*rr*e'=*
*glr*
l*s
l*rr`e`s,l*x
lee**
Ç;,
* n\'
y
le6,
roe`
l*,`*r
*`
****t9,*
l`
**`*xe{s`
rI.*l
{=*rnenne
h
e`r=lu,n
h`ù*
lj l.*l*re*.`*tj
"
/+u{rqu&
j
*nh*l*s
prt`*\çjrs.*
.$&
,=rs`*tù*rr`
er¿ujl
jl vjlr*r
rt*r`e`jl
{S,*S.}"
\
ntw*e`th`üx
ri*
**`t`ù*
{rr}9
rh*e*t*rtfej
rtruw
prwsh`tj
*l
r,'*r**r
*rttr`'*u
turge``l
kh
*o`bxe*` *r"t*r`*
,¡
h@
#utlt#
te*,
t*rztjbt*
e`twr`*
{su*l*
rl*xpr**egrnr#,
jl
r=;ujlr;u*
r`y r,}.
\
[*jgpwrjturj
`*r*l`j|'
ùw
nr¿rz$ewnejnnee*`;*
{2,29
ss
lj
thgp*rjlter`
ur`cçurzl* j
l`
üujl
w* tl*ne`s lj
ke*epj*ç*`
`*r`e`*,|"
\
[*vxpwrjturg
'rwaw,*r'`g
ùw
turtz*,e*`jsvxe*`t`
{[
*r,,}9
r`åt'xewrj
t*gpuu,r,tt.u'`
*'*s'be*rt+rtt
*ytl`
r;LI#
üLrhrIw
x*l u]eler9'*rWj'lj
r*se*t*`r9çj.
\
Rtxt*ss`e**
`*wte`jt
{RP}9
r`ngegj
p*l*`*ej
qLth pLr'#kj
%e`epjr
*l rle*prsxeectj
*`
*jrvt*e* **`terut*
y
& l$
t*r`p*rjnuuj
`*r,`e`jl
;s
tw*e*``ruùs`t*.
\,
[&rzwçtttz
rg'eg`rww
*ery
n t,rrs.*z``jrrsçw`t*
(^
*,P 9
`zçtw.egj
tbrt*ç,j`
**rztt`u`
{
*
jl+jr`j
hne*jji
qL)#
#*
p**rI*
jplçr=jr
rt
lj
rrger='r*`*tj
t9`lr*
mt*
l*ru`e`jç**
*xltur**ù *`
shr\re*e*'¿*`tertuu.
Ns
rj
2 699#9
?,hU*at'llnt)
ç2nr n'Êne"n&[nne;lc&&n{[rI
2,:
3:
HL.U9r,[hÖç¿:,*&. nta#lt a
tuttt-tb[tr{ta.t.
ptt1.[t99
E
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 23/150
HE-H[[SÖE\*E[J
CJ$F@
Eel@XV[SEJL
SJS[H
E
IJ[
nnennJ`
Shsolufeù`9 fj`tekjk
r`ç`egj kh
rhsehth`sej
quh
sh
puhkh
octh`hr h`trh
hl
fursor
y
u`
hxtrhr`o
jl
k*spljzjr
{j
blrjr} hl fursor. Vuhlh hxprh$jrsh
h*^j
h` th`seö`,
h`
rsscth`
*es, s rhsjlufeö` j
`b
ulj
r"
L*yhs
üh vjrljseö`9
hs
E
fjrjfthrestefj
quh pjrtefuljrezj
lj
vjrejfeö`
kh
lj
rhsestj`fej
rhsphfto
jl
kh*pljzjgeh`to khl
f`r$sr
Ljs
gêsfor`rrneh9s
so`
lj
lhy khvjrçjfeö`
le`hjl,
y
lj
ljbjretgefj
(posetevj
y
`hbjtevj)9
LEAHJL loh``ÇrGttJ
To$nrrvJ
LOBJSE[GE[J @HBJ[E^J
>¡c
Shfo`tko
Le`*jlekjk o
fo`norglkjk9
e`kefj hl
Vrjko
kh jfhrfjr`eh`to
j lj lhy
kh
vjrejfeù`
thörçfj quh sjrjfthre¿j
$u
ror`portjges`l*,
y
hs
lj
gêxegj
vjrejfeö`
kh
rhsesth`fej
rhjlquj sh
puhkh
prokufer
rhsphfto
jl
vjlor
totjl
{`oge`jl}
kh
lj
rhsesth`fej"
F. SHVE$[HAFEJV
úEFE
LEAHJLH$
Hstjs rhsesth`fejs
sh
werjfth`zjr'
porquj
su
vjlor
öagefo,
buh
vjrçj
kh
njrgj ``
le`hjl,
hs
nu`feö` kh keste`tjh gjb`ltukhs
nçsefj$
fonneü
puhkh
*hr
lj
thgphrjturj,
th`$eö`,
luz,
fjgpos r`jb`åtef$s,
htf.
JsÇ
hstjs
rhsehth`fejh
hstê` fo`sekhrjkjs
fsr`ü
shelsorhs.
H`trh ljs
r`ês
f*rneu`hs
pokhg`f
khstjfjr
ljs
*eb*eh`ths9
\
[hrgestorhs o
rhse*th`fejh
@{ü
y
T[F" Hrt
hlljc
ls
rhslsth`fej
hs nu`se*` kh
lj
.
l*r`phrjturj.
\
^jresto`hs
o rhsesth`fejs
^üS.
H`
hlljs
lj
rhsestlh`fej
hs
nu`feö`
kh
lj
th`seö`.
\
Notorrhsesth`fnjs
o
rhsesth`fejs
L`S,
H`
hstj*
ùltegjs
lj rhsesth`fej
hs
nu`feö`
ùhljluz.
GHFJAE[O
üH
GJA[HAEGnneNE[O
j"
5>
r{"
%
Choj`eko
]'I
33
33
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 24/150
HLHf[SöArfJ
`Êslf` rru`usr`tJl
pJS[r
E
&
nnentel#g
j)
[hrgejtorss
H` hstj*
rhsesth`fejs,
fuyù
vjljr
flrr`ef`
fjgclj
for¡
Çj
thr`phrjatrj,
jkhgês
{th
ljs
fjrjfthrçstef*s
tçper,j*
h`
rhsesth`fejs ll`hjlhs
n$js
**xt*
vjl*r
`*r`e`jl,
poth`fej
`oge`jl,
tolhrj`fej,
htf.,
qüh
so`
begeljr
pjrj
los
thrge*torss,
ahr`os
kh
khstjfjr otrjs9
Shsesth`fej
`or`e`jl9
h`
hstos
túrnepü`h`ths
hhth
pjr,êghtrr9
sh ù*{t`h
pjrf
u`j
thr`
phrjlurj
jgcçh`lh
ùh ?nrjF9
Jutffjlh`tjr`e
h`*st
hstr
nh`*gh`o
pr*kufh
*jg'`erls
&tr
hl
vjlor
ù* lj
rh$esth`
sej.
jl
pj>jr u`nr
*ürreh`th
*l&*tre*j
&
s\i
lrjv**.
Ahgos
ùh
lsrt*r
h` fuh`tj
qelh
tj`rce*
` sh
pu*t|*
prrtrIu*er
pnne
u`j
vjrejf,ets`
*ne l*
thg
ph
rjtu
rj
jglests`tr
.
Njstsr
kh
kesepjfeö`
tarr`ehj9
hs
lj
polj`ùj
`hf**jrej
phw
slsvjr su
thgp*rjturj h` :1F.
Kh`trj
kh los
thrgestjrhs
pokhr`üs
khstjfjr
kos
brelpos.
t'¡[t
y
?"[ü.
Shsesth`fejs
ttl[B
Hstj
rhsesth`fej sh fjrjfthrezj
por
su klsge`ufeö`
khlvjljr
rhseste'¡j
j ghkekj
quh
jugh`tj nj
lhgphrutur&,
psr
tj`ts
Crhsh`t`
u`
f**ntfes`th
rI*
thgphrjturj
`*bjtevo.
H`trh sus
fjrjfthrçsnetês
sh
puhüh`
k*sljsjr9 rhsesth`fej
`*ge`jl
k* :ü
sar`eos
j 3llt:,
p*t*`fejs
h`trh :
gexjvjte*
y
68R,
**hnefe*¡tt*
ùs
lhwrp*rjturj
kh
-:
j
-:ük/o
pfr
oF=
y
h`trh suh jpnefjfeo`hu9
rhbulj*e*`,
üor`pü`sjfeu`
y
g
hk ek
js
kh
thgphr&tur&s, hst*cçltzj*ej*
k *
ts
`
sç*`,
jljr
`t&#,
*l*.
$çgc<¡lo
turvj
fjrjfthrçstefj reh
lj
r**e*t*`jej
*`
nu*fes`
ù*
lj
tjgpr,rjturj
t2
$k
AFJ@ tf
4 ür" GJrü[rN¡ tGI H r'¡[ü
j'
36
36
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 25/150
H[HF[Sö@EfJ `Jsrf`
[AKXV[SEJL AJS[H
E
,.r
nneEu¡trl
SH$EV[HAFEEs
T[F
Hstjs,
s kenhrh`fej
kh
ljh
j`nhreorhs,
pohetevo,
kh
norgj
quh
su
rjsesth`fes
jur`h`to
kh
lj
thgphrjturj
(ju`quh
thr`phrjturjs).
teh`h
u`
fohnlfeh`th
kh
thgphrjturj
jugh`üjrê fjgo
fo`shfuh`fej
khl
hsto
sölo
sh kj h` u` gjrbh`
kh
Vngcolo
Furvj
fjrjfthrnstefj kh lj rhsesth`fej
h` nu`feå`
kh
lj
thgphrjturj.
^JSEV[OSHV
Hstos
kespo*etevos
{tjgceå`
lljgjkos
^KS}
hxphregh`tj`
u`j
kerge`ufeö`
h`
su
vjlor
kh
rhsesth`fej
j
ghkekj
buh
jur`h`tj
lj
th`slö` jplefjkj
o` $us
hxtrhgos. J
kenhrh`fej kh lo
quh
jsutrh
fo` ljs
@[t
y
N[F
lj
vjrejfeö` sh
prokufh
kh
u`j
no``j
e`stj`tê`hj.
Ljs
jpllfjfes`hs
gês egportj`thh
kh
hsth
fogpo`h`th
sh
h`fuh`trj`
h`9
prothffeö`
fo`trj
sscrhth`seo`js, rhbuljfeö`
kh
th`seö`
y
suprhseö`
kh trj
`sltorejs.
$ngcolo
Furyj
kh
VjrjfthrÇhtefj
G
bFJ¡¡
EFFE KH GJ}EÇ
Ht.E
EGE
HE{[O
j"
3;
3;
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 26/150
G
wwnne`
l99:,*{=rü,*@t*Jn,&\,$lt=J$ùn}\.,#[tql`-pn¿,`[trl
-D
Dj
Gnnej;e.jee.---j,?tPnr--t,
Ury[*`#&nne[Hl.n{nne&$
nt,*se*t*rtrejs
k*p*`rleh`lhs
r|b
lj
luz,
tjstc¿*`
sh
l*&
lljr`j
n*lw-'rry*e*tw`fejs
j
L*nt" nrl
vj,l*r
ù**ur*st'>:P*`*tjù*r,r*f*jlw.ug9h,*tjrLj
eluge`j*e,e9`, ynr
r:ùh
lj
h`*rbçj
ù*
lj
luz
leahrj
slxr=Lr*`hx
nne`
*l
`zjthrejl
qu*
nne*
&'Ltr'[tj` j
l*'*
wlh*lru`*h
kt*
r"*`riuH9te*`
y
j
hxer'tP*`tjs.
nr.x `l
&*l*`çry
*l
ysreg*r
jl*r`w`\*
{`trsrr**e*th`th
**rzrs*erIrt
y
ulelrzr*t|*
*`
lj
e`r6::s:veu,
r|**¡tu*¡x jüjrs*ç*ru`
ug
brhrt
`ug*r*
*s
s*gej*`;j*t*r**
**`
prrsprh#jk**
nr¡t***`kuütevj*',
t=#
`*
j*ç
r;u*
ur9tujnu`u`th
sw t¡*lsrer=j`
lj*
oebue**l**
*&luljx
{*t*r
t'
*
xests`lq*9
**luljj
k*#jln*ro
kh f*k`ùf
ü*lt¿ljs
rQh
#hl*`t9=,r*
rI*
f,jkgeo
F,&lulj'ù
ù* #ulnrt**lw`eurrs
k*
*jùgert
**lulj* rl*
#ultur * ù*
Ye`*
#P*ljs Leh`h'`
ürçe`
jple*jr,e*ne
**rne*
kr*t**l*rs*
,l
g*rleùsrh*
ù* el.=,r*utj*e*`
*
teh
l,"sz=
jsç
gesg* Lj'`*se&`
hv,ext``
{jtjrrh*ext*`*t** rIht*üur*x
e`lr`rrrsej*.
#e`nu*tw
ù*l
Re*rzz
plw
rê
q*
s,jne
&
t
*yt*
r
r
**estw
rzr9
j
g
jl
?ljr9j
ùh
j*t*jtetg,
cl
üjpj
ùh
*ü
nne
*,)
nrlh*m*ùrsx
rI*
fr¡`tj*t*
jqt9ç
aje*
trsrgj
kh
p
r*e***
*r`ct'tr,*kr¡*
.
k'¡
*jv*
ü*
r*sex`
hü(rx'9.
*':
r*`*'y.e****
r
nne
n&RF,
Jn'tR;}
n)*.
?',ê
al'#
nn"tnt,Ç,r*a¿
[
*
3`
38
',?
../
P5
.'e/'
,2
-.
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 27/150
HLHf[SÖrüfJ
@JVG*
Er*[O[,V[SEJL TJS[H
E
ú
trnel¡`-:
Shsestj`fejs khph`keh`ths
kh
lj Trhreö`
H`
hsth
tep`
kh
rhsesth`fejs
su
vjlor
ùagefs jugh`tnr fuj`ko
lj
prhseù`
jugh`tj.
Lj
prhjeö`
rhku*h
lss
kests`fejh h`trs
loh
`ùflhos jtör`lfos, fo` lo
quh
ju``h`tj
lj
nrhfuh`fej
kh
los
faobuh*
fo`
los
hlhfnrf`hs
necr*s
y
tlh`h`
su
jplefjheå`
h`
khthstjrhs
kh
prhheö`
pj9rj
ghkefeo`h$ o
fo`trolP
$lgcolo
\
-
Shsesth`fejr khph`klh`t*s
khl
fjgNo
r`jb`åtlfj
Vh
lljgj` tjgceÅ`
pljfjs
kh
fjr`po
o
GKS. Jl
jugh`tjr
lj
e`kuffeö`
gjb`åtefj frhfh tjgceå`
lj
rhsesth`fej.
$e
u`
fjgpo
gjb`åtefo
hs jplefjkj
phrph`kefuljrgh`th
j lj
suphrlefeh
kh u`j
pljquetj
nerKS,
ljs
tn`hjs
kh
forreh`th
h`
hl
shglfo`kuüor
so` khsvejkos
j u` fehrtp ê`bulo
nljgjkFE9
fê`bulFE
kh
Ajllp.
Ve
lj e`kuhfeö`
`o hs
phrph`kefuljr
jljpljquetj lj
vjrejfçå*
kh
rhsesth`fej
kesr`e`uyh
ajstj llhbjr
fjse
j
fsro,
h` otrjs
pjljcrjs
hl
fjgpo
gjb`åtefo h`rpuij ajfej
u`ljks
j
los
hlhftro`hs h`
su
trjyhftsrej
j
trjvås kh
lj
rhsesth`fej
fo`
lo
quh
rhüjrrrh` u`
fjge`o
gêh
ljrbo
trjkufeå`kosh h` ü`
fj`kuft*r kh
gjyor lf`betuk,
jugh`tj`kf
su rhsesth`fej.
Hstjs
rhsesth`fejs sjne utllezjkjs
pnnrj
ghker
fjr`pos
gjb`åtefos.
$er`colo
GAüJE{ tfo `A GJn{[b @tnelttH}tro
j'
3>
2>
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 28/150
nne
nneEXInne
[LAn,[SöArfJ
`JbrfS EAKX$["SEJL
pJS[H
E
E KHn,¡[trnne JütÖ
l*
ùnr"`H$hrAAf
tÊs
H`
prer`h
t lubjr ajcrçj
quh
ùhthrgr`jr
hl
b`¡pü
jlbuh
phrth`hrh`,
hs
khfer, h e ss`
le`hjlhs
neijs, vjrejclhs,
o
`o
le`hjlhs
,y
hllepj
t*`frhto jlqu* phrt*`h*h`kh`lr*ùh *s*jbrjpù.
Tosthreorgh`th kjthrge`jrçjgss
hl
vjljr
`jgç`jl kh lj rhsests`üe=h
z
su tolhrj`fej,
Hstüs
vjlorhs
so`
e`kefjkos h`
hl
fur,rpo
kh lj
rhsesth`fej ghkej`lh
hl
fökeb*
k* >*nfrhs,
o,
ht
föklbo kh
gjrfjs.
Al vjlor
f{h
poth`fej
`oge`jl holjgh`th
suhlh
er e`kefjko
h`
jnbu`ou
tep*x ù*
r**ests`fejx
cjce`jùjh
y
vjrejclhs.
Tjrj
su
$*thrgt`jfett`
t*`krçjnneüs
quh
leejr`re&
stl *l ljgr,ú*
khl
rür`po`h`th.
Tjrj
khthrge`jr
strfs
pjrêghtrjs
fogo
puhkh`
shr hl
whnef,e*`th
kh
thgphrjnu,sr#,
ruerl*,
th`seö`
r`êxer`j
jplefjclh, htf.,
th`hgss
quh
rhfurrer
j
ljs
aoijs
kh
grjtlhrç*ler,j#
quh
`ü*
su
r`
e`estrj
`
h E
njcrefj`th.
a.
fÜl`wj
ùHvFELüAH$
Hs
hl fù&ebo
so` hl
bus
$N rfbulj hl
gjrr=jk*
k*l
vjlrrr
`*ge`jl
y
t*l*rx`r=tj
phrj
rhsesth`fejh
neijs
kh
fjrcö
`
y
ghlêlçrj9s
kh fjpj
nu`kjgs
`ljlg*,`th..
[h`hr`os
quh
rhsjlmr
qr¡h
to`
hstos
fökebj* to
quh
octh`hgFEs
h$ sl
vjlor
`*``e`jl
rl*
lj
rhsesth` fej
phrj
`o hl
vjlor rhjl
qu*
sh setuj
rê
üh`tr`
kh
u`
r`jrbh` xhb*`t lj
t*lhrj`*e*,
fÖufnr
ùÅ,ü*L*SH$
TJSJ
t{,rJ?S*
Ltteb"&,&
fstoS
TE-J[J
OCÜ
n'¡1Bnr4
`lbS`Ö`¡
SOIO
a¡JneÊE{IJ
J@/EJSELLO
^HSKN
JYXL
^EOLH[J
tSrs
CtJr.¡to
l'.üENSJ
-:
2.
?
;
8
w
2
E
s
z* &w`& t{"
KH *Hntfs
FE,4:
$,:
ü
üj
4**
;$nrnr
üünenr{I
ooo9-or
[üLHnr,n\R*l&
t*t-knnt¡
lZ^j
&"/s
:re,
2ü/{t
Gn= FJÇE¡ E[
J
XH,
GJN{[AN¡ EG EAE{[O
j"
32
.:rl
¿t
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 29/150
HlbfrnrötkrfJ
bÊ,$rfJ
N¡`usrSrJL
pJS[H
E
,rt
sHEXne`
Tjrj
khthru`e`jr
hlvjlor
kh
lj rhsesth`fej
fogh`zjrhr`os
pür
khth``e`jr
lj
aj`kj
kh
lj
tolhrj`fej9 oro,
pljtj,
gio, r`j`ö`,
o `e`bù`
folfr.
$eljs
cj`kjs so` kh
f*lsr
oro o
pljtj,
hstê
fljro
quh
so`
ljs g`hjpo`klh`ths
j
lj
tolhrj`fej
y
khchr`os
rogh`zjr
tj lhfturj
por
hl hxtrhgo
fo`trjreo"
$e so` kh
*slor
r$eo
o
gj`ö`, Cuslh`
hstjr shpjrjkjs
kh
ljs
jcjs
trhs
o fujtro
cj`kjs,
y
jsl for`h`hjrhgos
lj
lh'fturj
por
hl
hxtrhr`o
optrhhto
,
:' frtrj,
3` fenrj,
`ùghro kh
fhros
stjslsr
gulteplefjù*r
y
tolhrj`fej,
ju`quh
h` jlbu`os
fjso$
hxesth u`j
thrshrj fenrj seb`entfjtevj.
H` fjso
kh hxester
sölo
trhs
cj`kjs fo`
folor,
lj
tolhrj`fej
shrê
kh
+l-
Y4`J.
Lj njltj
kh
hstj
cj`kj khijrê u`
auhfo
brj`kh
jrl u`o
kh
los
hxtrhgos
y
*s hr`phzjr,ê
lj lsfturj
por
hl
fo`trjreo.
$uhlh
shr
fjrjfthrçst¡fo
bus
lj
shpjrjfeö`
h`trh'lj
cj`kj kh
tolhrj`fej
y
hl
njftor
r`ulteplefjtlvo shj r`jyor
qüs
lj quh hxesth h`trh
lj`
khgê`
cj`kjs.
fÖtlrfo
oH
foLFESH$
TJSJ Fü{FO
Ltn,nHJ$
FOLOS
E[
$NSJ
TEJ]J
sSo
@HBSO
u``Sår
:
SOIO
3
@JSJAIJ
6
JGJSELLO
;
^HS@H
$
JYXL
>
^ÇVLÅ[J 2
BSEV
C
CLJ@[O
b
3E
FENSJ
Z
:
3
6
;
$
>
,2
j
s
V[F'NSJ
4
:
3
?
;
8
>
2
C
b
AJ
CÅ FÅSVV
4,FEn
4,:
4
44
444
sü$s
44FE44
FE44444
[OLúSJÇ{FEJ
l+t-^jl
nne%
neslj
:%
29*/j
9
GAFJ¡.|
tFO
OH
úrJA[Htrl
tG
tHNnrü
j"
31
31
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 30/150
g""`f[r2,*y;l#J*Jstfp,#;rlu,$:-rj,t&,:-Nmn.;[H9t
G
R
R. ü&*eph#wU&'jrr.gx
**g*
h` hl
*&#*
ù*l
f*rlebj
ù*
`*lürh&, hl *cejtevs rer*l
*rxleb* r6*
gjrt=&#
nne#,
wE r`ur*jr|*
**lvjl*r
`*ge`jly
trsl*rx`*ej
ùw'*
x*r`prsrzh`lh
y,
&II`Hu*
*&
pttrlù*
`ple*,`r
j
jsjlq*e*r tey.t*
rth
r*s¿*l*`*ejs,
** lçpe`* s`f*`trjrl* *` r*se*tw`srj*
crsce`jk
j*
y
v
j"rejtsl*`
.
t*`rf vjl`r
`jgç`jl
p*k*rfrs*
*rw*`trj{ner}w *ü`
lrw*,
*u&trù,
t}
üe`ü*
r=>yb¡r=t"rysry>
{*rgjqel.rs*
pnrr
lj
**r`lte`jte**
kj ùrsg,
ttnnenne, *
qujtr*
`ùr`grone
y
u.`çI lutrj,
rl*
gr=u`rùrs
t=¡*`
ljp,
renrj* *rb`e9te*jtevjs
ù*lvj*tr
`*t`e`jl.
Lj
lhttj
ùhl
*`ùeb*
*u*,|9rt.uvh *
l`,
*,*g`
rI*r=tgj,l,
y
r
h
p
r
h,#*
`t
g, *l `r¡
*Çe*e*
`t*
g ùleple*
jk
*r
*
*
b
u
`
lj
*eb¿u
t* `t* r9*
r r
*.*p
*
`
ü
*
`
*e
`
9
L`r`af,**tsr¡
*t}aq,
*t*@[
rP
Gl
ILV
r?Lt
*
ne,t6*S
xlttu xlllo
s
""x
v:
Lj
tol*rj**ej
v*
e`ùe*jr|j g*reej`ts
*`j.l*trj,
**bu`
jprh*ejr üph{***`
t*ljrj`*esb
**er`ùtrefjne
,
hu`qu*
g jrr.jù`
kh
fo`ùj`sjù*r
**.
lj
*ebwej`ts
tjclj.
{,}*r`*
x*
pu*rlut
j.*lj*
**
u*nr,t\
`*rr`jl`t*`tu
*` j,l
[t
L&&ha,h&m#
wÇh*[w"tüa#
[*LR,R.na?;FtNr,b
h.re'?'hte[q.r*
tm#
'ljlhrj`fejhlê
L.**j
**&b*
[*l*rjr`j
L#rj
ù#tb*
.t.t
` ;
e-,,
,*6$:.-;,*
\.r(
+l-
ü,"I8
"t6#t-:ü
':
$l-
*,`
ü
+nr{ne-"}*
e9}
'+n-
:
N
+ne$LYü
Y
+.:-
3.
:.:
tPl-
8
l
+t".:Z
M
'*l-
3.#
a¿
tUj
j
**r`*
*e*gpl*
**t`s
**`
jlbj`j*
k*
l**
p**eclh*
gjr*jù**
h`
rq*tst*`*e**
j
pjrter
ù*l
u*$tb*
ri*
rgjr*`*9
l&9*e=w
*&kçbr*
fl.*
r`1.rü&*
nt:*
:*R
:*R.
6,63
6p"63
3r.;3
Vbrq{I;
ne*ünt.r&
':*[
:*[
^jl*r
ù* lj
rj*`*tj`*ej
h`
*a*ùjs
ù*
gjrfj*
^jlwr
ù*lj
r*se*t*`q,çj
w`
war`erex
ü,:
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 31/150
ú
sH`elNl
HLHf[SöGfJ
`Êsrf`
nne`usr`tJt
pJS[H
r
F.
Vhreh
kh^hlorhr Aorgjlezjkos
y[olhrj`fejs
Sjrj
Shslsth`fejs
H`
lj
sebueh`th
tjclj sh
r`uhstrjlj
toÇhrj`fej
kh
fjkj
hhreh
{tjs
shrehs
g*s
utllezjkjs so`
ljs
HV,
5:3,y
N93;:r9
VHSEN
H:53
151
1;1 13;
1:3
H>
[OLHSJ@FEJ
+a
4,8'{j
*{*
2oJ
+a
?nne
+{-
çjrt
+l-
24Uj
+l-
Y4jln.
J
pjkçr
kh
hstos sh
puhkh
octh`hr
fujlquehr
rhsesth`fej,
jsç
pjrj
hl
vjlor
5,1&
oath`krnjgos
rhsesth`fljs
kh 4,51ü,
5,11ü,
51,$ü, V11Ü,
5,1MÜ,
htf.
O.
^jlorhh
üoghrfljlhs
kh
Shsesth`fejs
Foghrfejlr`h`th sh h`ruh`trj`
rhsesth`fejs
kh
vjlorhs
kevhrsos
phro
tokos
ochkhfh` j
u`
brupoc
shrehs `orgjlezjkjs
{l
HF}
Ljs shrehh HV, 1:3,13;,htf",
fo`tj`ko
fjkj
u`j kh hllhs
fFE`
>,
:3,3;stf", vjlorhs
por
kêhjkj for`o
sh
puhkh
vsr
h` ht sebueh`th
fujkro.
H>
Å:3 13; N;1
15> HV Hlz
N¿;
H;V
Hs>
3ùj/4
lOolj 8o/o Lrm
'lj/j
a4ç/j
2Ùolj
çols
Yjlo
lUo
:üO
:44
:44
loo
:FEFE
664 664 664
663 663
:13
u4
:4s :48 6;1
6;1
:nr2 682
::ü ::4
::4
6>4 6>8
6>8
::6
62;
:':8
::8 616 616
::1
654 654
653
ntj
t3Z
:3: :3: ;Z3
;J3
:3;
;'e.3
:32
:32
;33
;3?.
t6ü
:64 ;6=4
;63
:66
:66
;;3 ;;3
:62
;86
:;V
:;ne ;G
;V;
:;6
;24
;[Z
;2;
;28
:;2 :;2 ;&2 ;12
GHFJ@EFO
On= GJ.E{[NAERHE{[V
j'
64
64
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 32/150
¡N
rLn=F[SÖn{Ç[J
neJVEfJ
{N{KXV[SEJL
pJ`[H
E
&
nne@nnenE
GAFJ@ EüV
üA
Å'J}¿[Ael'G
¡.VE{[O
j'
'6:
6:
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 33/150
,Jc
#HneeJ@
HLHF[`Ö@rfJ
bÊslf¿
E@FEXV[SEqt
TJS[N
E
J$OttJFÅel
Or
`bsls[HelFlJ$
l;jy
kjs
norgjs
cêslfjs
kh
jsofejr rhsesth`fejs
$`
u`
ferfueto9
jsofejfçù`
shreh
y
jrofej
feù`
pjrjlhlo9
;Gr-*o
S: ntz
S6
J$FEttJflö`
shSg
S`
J$oftJjö¡¡
pS`ru.Hlo
Lj
rhhehth`flj
hbuevjlh`th
kh
lj
fogce`jfeù`
shrehhs9
Sr*SrjSrjSr`"".+S`
Lo
fujl
`os e`klfj
buh
u`j
solj rhsesth`fej
kh
vjlor
S, sh
fogportjrê
kh lj
r`esgj
norgj
quh
ljs
`
rhsesth`fejb
Sr, S'
JrÅ.."ÅS`fo`hfüjkjs
h`
shreh,
.
$l
lj
fogce`jfeö`
hs
pjrjnhlo
h`tj`fhs
lj rhsesth`fej
hquevjlh`th
hs9
S.'
*
tl$l`r+
Elntr
+
llpr
+
..,
+
:/S")
lbujlgh`th quh
h`
lj jsofejfeö`
shreh, S,,
Sr,
'SrÅ.."ÅS".
@öthsh
buh
sehr`prh
hl
vjtor
kh
lj
rhsesth`fej
S,
kh u`j
jsofejfeö`
pjrjlhlo
hs r`h`or
buh
lj r`h`or
S"kht
pjrjlhlo.
J. [horhgjs
kh Forrlh`üh
Bo`te`uj
Åstos
so`
utelht
j lj
aors
kh
rhsolvhr
fehrtos
ferfuetos
h`
ko`kh
ljs
jsofejfeo`hs
kh
fogpo`h`ths
rhvestC`
jlbu`j
for`plhiekjk"
Loj
gês
egportj`ths
so`9
Lj
lhy
kh
Oag,
ljs
lhyhs
kh
Merfaoney
thsrhgjs
kh[aåvh`e`
y
@orto`r
¡
LHUOHO[{[E
Lj
norgj
gêh ser`plj kh
ferfueto hlåftrefo
hs u`j cjthrçj fo` u`j
rhsesth`fej
fo`hfts kj
j
sus
thrge`jlhs,
fuyo
h$quhgh sh
guhstrj
p`
lj
neburj.
GAFJ@EFO
KÅ
elEJA[H@E|e'EEH@[O
jt
63
63
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 34/150
G
RRR
H.Lr9.*[nr
.{ltür,n\r,a"net#h,wr}\}`[`ta.t.patnte'r.t
X`
*erf,utl*
**gpl*lw
teh'nr*
\*`hr unt
ü&tU¡e`ü nt# e`brrugyseù*
nlhrh
r;ts*
l*
f*rre*`t*
pt.t*t¡j
`er*uljr
***k*
lj*jtrrçj,
jtrj.v*s
tlrll
tlexpjr,eee,r*
ü*`slrtjk* *
* lj
y
r*L*r`ur
x
lj
ajt*¡çj.
$e
sh
*lege`j
u`nr fü`*xe*`
h` *uglr:*e*,
pu`r.#,
hl
*erf,uetry
wjkj
ryIt*,
*
*ae*rtrs.
LI`
e`thrrupt*t
**
'te`
üür`p*`*rzt*
phrj.
r*nnepsl
`*`*`ef,`h#
y
neür
tspxtt
f&trnnel
* `ytrer
*l
jerfl.,ùts,
tj`lj
pjrh
p*rge\w
r;u*
`ertuls
lj
jjutw`t&
üür`tr
nIhrj
wvetjrlj
"
L*s vjl*r*s
kh
*,rtrre*`th,
t*`ue*`
y
rhxer=t*`*rj
*nt
u`
rerrueLts
t\* `t*,{t
rI,s*
`wrysts`
r`bb6j
ertrehph`rIe*`nq
*`os
k* *tr``.
Lj
r*lj*,e*`
*`lr*
*ll**
#&
*&`***
{-ür,*o
:
t¡
ùh
*n,rt?,rt. ?u***
s*r
k*le`t*j
*
{r,tt
*ebu*'.
L` **rre*`\*
Huh
r9erfulj
*`
u*
*erfuçt*
&nr ùer**ljr`hr**
TrüT*rüen'`jl
j
lj
N*:;
jple*jkj
& e`'try=rsjgh`ls
prhpür*e*`jl
` lj r**çwtwrz*e`.
*x,pr
**jtê*
*üg# **uj*ers`
qu*rlj9
E
{`wtTgrx*l
x
R
lvutt#}nnt,
$tnuw*r*}
'`
1* k*fe,
e
*oue*`tw
* tbujl
j
lx
l***r*`
ùevekh
nt*r
lj
rjsesç*,`üt&,,
Lj
**ujq'er¿`
*j
*l
vjl*r
#* lj
**rrew`ts *uj`ù*
lj
th`r=e*`
y
lj
rhxe.*t*`*ej
jr¡` r,u`**uegs.
Nu*k*
&*r
r#*rù``jùj pjrh
p*k*r
*lsth`*r
*jrLj
u`*
k*
ljs
trhs
jj`ttri`rih&
rlu`rrrl*
ss
**
`*
*& ::
lub
*tr
j*
rI*j
9
R,x&x
g
tv*
r|jt-er
,
l& lj**'et¡`
**
ebujl
j
lj t*rreu`lh
h{\
çê{'ntp*r**
gulteplt*jùw
p*r
lj
rwxext*>*ej
*b
*lgtW,y
Rga.nt
{*lj
r*sçst*`*e`
k*l *erf*et*
**çbujl
j|jl*`*ç*rt
jp\e`jreg
knurekeùjpjr
lj
**rrehr**,}.
Ljttrhst*rgj*
rI*l*x*ujte`nt
#*us&`
jgplejg*`t"*
s`
hl*ftr*`ç*jy
*l*ftrç*e5`r¡.
t"ljy
q**
{hnr&rqIjr quh
lj* hj`Lekj*#s
** hxprhs'j`
*`
v*lte**,
*a`ts
y
hrnep*r**9,
t:*
pu*ù*`
*r`plnnejr`h
jtrj*
utùkjks*
*`lj*
hrujq=ç*`*b
*e` j`th*
r*jlezjr
lj
trjrz*n
*r'r9`jr9e{s`.
R*r
q**`pRt=
Ve lj
f*rre*`t* h*l*t
&`
r`elejwp*e'&*,
rlht*`
**r
*jr`ctjùj
&
l`
*hrrh*pj`ùe*`t.*
trj*,*e*`
;*
*r*p&r*s
j`t** rlw
qt¿h
hst*
vjl*r
``j
e`troku*mIH*
*`
lj
**u`*e*`.
L+tx
xebue*rht9*`
*i*wjpljselu'&lrj`
*l **o
üw ru
x*,b
**
*ar.*9
Lj
t=ttrresrh *
r;uw
r9er*xlj
*`
#nt&
rhsestw`*t`
re`
3ü.üü*
rsar`*
*`
ù* :*nr
r`a.
jütttt@
**,ej
t*`xeu`?
ntu**t*
qtt'*nujy
quh
&`tf,`trw
l`l*`*e*`,l&,
s*uj*e*`
juttle¿&r
&{*#.,*
l.s.lL.
66
966
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 35/150
IJt
#t{J`
r-Lrf[SÖAEfJ
bJVnne@
${KE.IV[AEJL
NJSrA
E
Lj
f``eh`th
khch *hr
prer`*ro
to`vhrtekj
kh gelefr`phrh$
j
jgptgs
pj`jajr=hrl*ajy
quh
kevekerpor
:444. Tsr
tj`to,
H*
{
$4
t
:444
* ,O.OOnt
*
6444
volteos
Fuj`ko sh jplefj
u`j
th`seå`
kh
:84^
j
u`
ferfueto, lj
forreh`th
ghkekj
hs
kh ?,8;.
Lüuêlhs
lj rhsesth`
hej
khlferfueto?
H`
hsth
oj$o
lj
khsfo `ofeùjhs
S,
por
m`tj
S
¡H
H
E
E
s
:R/:
3,V
rVO
$ar`s
@o
hrj
`hfhsjreo fo`vhÇseå`,
puhsto
buh
lj th`seö`
y
lj jsrreh`th
hstjcj` kjkjs
h`
volteos
y
jgphreos.
¿Fuê`tj
forreh`th ferfuljrê
sesh
jplefj`
384^ j u`j rhsesth`fej
kh 8444
oags?
Tuhsto
quh
E
hh
khsfo`ofekj
l*Å,
E
ShYV{l
n
$n}n}Vs4,48
jr`prrh$
Los
r`elejr`phrhs
shrçj`
gês
fo`vh`eh`ths
pjrjhftj
forreh`th,
y
4,48 jgphrhs
x
:444
7
84 gelejgphrhs,
VHBX[E[}J
LÅU OH
MESFAAONN
V
LHU
KH
[HAVnVelH$
Lj
lhy kh
Oag oh jplefj
j
fujlquehr
pjrth
khl ferfueto
tj`to
fogo
sl ferfueto fogplsto"
Tuhsto
quh
lj
forreh`th
hs
lj
gesgj
h`
ljs
trhs
rhsesth`fejs
kh
lj
neburj
:
,lj
th`seö` totjl
sh
kevekh
h`trh
hlljs"
Lj
th`seö`
quh
jpjrhfj j trjvåh
k* gkj
rhsesth`fej
{lj
fjlkj kh th`seö`}
puhkh
octh`hrsh
kh
lj
lhy
kh Oa'g
Hehgplo9
$e
lj th`seå` j trjvås
kh
Sl
kh
S6,
A6,
h`to`fh$
lj
lljghnne{}s
Hl,
j
trjvås
kh S3,
N.3,
y j
trjvÅs
nr't
nn*
H7?84^
14üo
6;
neburj.:
u
HFJ@E[O
OH
GJn-¡[HE{EGE
H@[FE
j'
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 36/150
nnew
nnenqünnel
[LAF[S*N¡EfJ
*Jsr*`ENr*X$[S
EJL,
pJ`[
H E
Hl
H
lxSl
*
4,442ne1Q,V4üü
*
[[,5^
t
HY
*
lxS?
7
J,üü2V1Q
3Z.4üü*
:82,ne^
H6
*
lxnt6
*
ü,**28neQ,5444
*
kü,>^
Lj
shbu`kj
nhy
kh
Merfaaonn
khsfrech
fo`
prhoeseö`
lj
setujfeö`
khl
ferfueto9
Lj
sugj
kh
ljh
th`seo`hs
h`
ü`
cuflh kh fo`eh`th
fh`jko
hs
fhrs.
Ljh rhses.th`fejs
so` sur`ekhros
kh
poth`fej,
geh
`trjx
buh
lj
cjthrlj
j$
u`j
tuh`th
kh
poth`
*ej,
p*r
lj
buh
lj
tj`vh`f,e*`
kh
heb`ss
khsfretj
j`thresrg*`th
ajfh
quh
ljs
hjçkjs
k*
poth`fçjl
j
trjvås
ks
lj*
rhsesth`fejs
ssj`
kh
seb`o
opuhsto
`
lj
th`seå`
kh
lj
cjthrçj.
Lj
hugj
kh
lsùj*
ljs
th`ses`hskj
fhro.
Å`
hl
tjso
sh`fetls kh u`j
ù`efj nr¡h`th
k*
th`seö`,
untj sh`fents
*p*rjfttt`
jlbjcr
jer,*
e`kefj
quh
lj
sugj
kh
lj*
fjçkjs
kh
t*`seù`
e`kevekujlh*
k*c*
**r
eburll
j
lj
t*`seö`
jplefjkj.
H7
Hl
+ÅY+FI
H*
62,Z+
:8:
,8+>ù,#
Å.
*
3&4^
H`
procthgjs
fsgü
*sth,
fuj`kf
lj
*`rreh`th
hs
sunefeh`
thru*`th
phquhntj
pjrj
shr
hxprhsjkj
h`
gelejr`phreos,
$h
puhk*
jajrrjr
s,j`ttkjk
ùh
tehgp*
y
pr*cl*r`js
hxpnhsj`ko
lj
rhsesth`fej
h` meljnrl`s
ghior
quh
hrt
rar`s.
üuj2;*
$s
hu*tçtuyh
kerpftjgs`th
lj
rhsçsth`fejh`melonulls
s`
lj
lhy
kh
Oar`
,ljfjrreh`th
shrê
h*
gelejgphreo*
se
lj
NEG
hstê
h` vFElteos"
N,
ntÅ$t$[Hn*f`s
rne
pJSJLAL4
H`
u`
ferfueto
fo` rhsçsth`fess
*`
pjrjl*lo,
lj
rhsesth`fej
tstjl
hs
r`h`or
qr¡h
lj
g*`*r
k*
ljs
rhsesth`fejs
prhsh`ths.
üsto
sh khch
j
quh
lj
forreh`th
t`tjl
h* sehgp
rf
r`jy*r
quh
lj
forres`th
h`
fujlquehr
rhjesth`
*ej e`keveüujl.
Lj
njrr`u
lj
p*rj
sclh`*r
lj
rhsesl*`*çj
t*tjl
kh
rhsesth`hejh
h`
pjrjlhlo
hs
S¡rn n
$
nnre,¡+n:
tnt?, +{e nSC}+.."
üs`k*
los
pu`tos
su$ph`sevo*
e`kesjr.
quh
üLrjlqjehr
`ur`*r*
ü* rs*rst*`ùs*
puhkh`
*hr
fjgce`jkjs
porhl
gehgo
gÅtsùs.,
H` hl
fj$o
kh
kos
rhsesth`fejs
*`
pjrjl*lo
eu`
rnrsFE
r`uy
fogù`),
lj
n&rgulj
sh
fs`yesrth
b`'.
Rx
nne:xntnt,
e
St+`3
GHÜ
J@Eüü
Tne
G&['E[
H@EG'H@[
ü
j'
68
6V
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 37/150
ú
#neÇtrE
HEHf[SÖ@EFJ
@JVrf* A@X$[SEJL TJS[H
E
Åihgplo9
Ve
u`j
rhsesth`fej
kh
844 oags
jltê h`
pjrjlhlo
fo`
u`j kh
:?44
oar`s,
lj
rhsesth`fej
totjlhs9 ,
S
7
$44x:344/$üFE+:2tüJ7>44444
E :2OO
*686
TSE[EHSJ
LHU KH
MES[AAONN
O
LHU
neH
FOSSEH[[E[H$
Ajy
otrj solufeö`
pjrj
hl
proalhgj.
$upf`bj
buh
ljs
trhs
rhsesth`fejs
k*l
hihgplo
j`threor
sh
fo`hftj`
h`
pjrjlhlo
fogo
f*
r`uhstrj
h`
lj
neburj 3.
nlburjl
Lj
gesgj NHG,
3&J
{,
sh jplefj j
tokss
ljs.rhslsth`fejs,
Lj
f``çh`th
h`
fjkj
u`j
puhkh
octh`hrsh kh
lj lhy
kh
Oar`
fogo sh guhstrj
gêV
jcjio, seh`ko l:
lj
fo`eh`th
j trjvÅs
kh
Sl,
l?lj
g`eh`th
j
trjvås
kh S3, h
l}ljforreh`th
j trjvås
kh S6.Nor fo`vh`eh`flj,
lj
rhsesth`fej
sh
hxprhsjrê
h`
meloargh,
portj`to
lj
forreh`th
hstsrê h`
gelejr`phreo*.
::7
HlSl
7384
EVbVOgJ
:3
*
H E
S37
31J
E
34
*
E 3,8gJ
:6
*
H /S6
*
314 E4
*
6:.38 gJ
Lj
fo`eh`th
totjlhs9
Etftjl¡*::
+ :3+
:6
x
V4+
:3,8
+
6:
,31*
56,28 gJ
Hsth hihgplo
elustrj
lj lhy
kh forreh`th
kh
lnnrfaaonn.
"Lj
hjrreh`th
bus
ferfulj
asfej
u`
`oko
j
pu`to
kh
khrev
jfrö`
hs ebujl
j
lj
sugj
kh
ljs
fo`eh`ths
quh
jcj`ko`j`
hl `oko o
khrevjfeö`-'
Tor
tj`to, lj
rhsesth`fej
tstjlkhl
ferfueto
h$
S"*
7
H
E
E
7
3>4
E
*6,^8
7
3,>V2
Moags
GbFJl.l
EFO KH nr{Jl.t[HAlG EHA[O
j"
6>
6V
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 38/150
`L _*_f,[
t;,{.}?;t t
a
nne&#l*
ne
*
.,e`
u
#[ Al
mL
p
j,w *
E
G
R
[
^üRnneR
&
##
[ RR\,e Ry&tcn¡
Ll`j
a*rrjgew`tj
guy ùtel
pjrj
xegple|,e*jr
r*kwx
*l,t*tre=jne
&ne
*l
t**rhr*j
rI*
[ahv*`e`,
r;u*
**tjclr,r9*
qu#
*lI&lquehr
r*re k*
rhseuLw`*ejs
y
tu*`lws
ù,*
tt9*`*er*g
ù*
rmsw
l`r*'¡,e``l**
pu`ù*
**t
t*#rneyùjxjùj
p#r
u`h
u`efj {usr**
;*
t*`*ço`
,i
*`*
r*ser,tsry*çj *rz
s*rut
"
ü*lg,
trj`*n*rgj*e*`
*er`plene*j
lqw
r9êl*ul*s
rlh
**rrçh`th wr
wlj
ùwreuj*çltrq
*rz
pjrjl*lr"t.
Ll
twf,r*r`j
rI*[lt*vh`e` puhk*
jpletjr**
têftlgh`th
jl *ers,.setrs
shre,h*pjrjl*lj
k*
lj
nttiwj,
Ve\.
w`:
ç;.ttq
t?.*se*tj`fej
*t.:t.tçrt=::*`e.h
;*
N26
v
ç¿."eP
;?t\
l9t&e&"'.;t|':ü
.*"`
*#t*
*:*r`pl*,
Aly
nt.?.
tN
eR.
¿+
a2.
Lg
(P*r
re*`t*
*xr"r
`çrI`
Nln,x
6
nr*rr`j`
unt
uerúL,.et*
üçvt**r tI*
t*`se*`
r`` :;.6
r=*r`*
$htü*
p#r
lê
ührbh
{nt6}
&9ne
**`*elljr`*`t*,*l
b*ul*`*rgl
ù*
t*`ue*`
'l'
4neü
nel*q,'t
r*;:,/v-*vr*
E
krwtl
e
.t
e
\t-'
n¿j`,7
YüK^
l,_)
e:
l
L
_
_
*_..__#*r)
;.
`6
*_9er*r
-*-
L
;99
90
*--9
n,nnel
S9'
1
4(trr
n,&tr#
ç"n ;R#
*tr
R[JR[ J?|R,$I`nù[ ü
ta,
tnne\
j*:
,rt
-[
*s
62
*-r{.nr.;
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 39/150
HLHf[SöN`fJ
`Ês`` nneKX$[S[JL
pJS[H
r
Khsbrjfejkjgh`th, hl
vjlor kh S3 jcfej
hl
poc`hejl
kh
tjús¡ö`
j
lrjvås kh S6,
ebujl
quh
lj
prhsh`fej
kh
S6 jnh¿{j jl
poth`fejlbuh
jprhfh j trjvås kh S3.
Vh
prhfesj
u`
sescgj
pjrj
shpjrjkoh,
kh
jaç
hl ferfueto
hquevjc`th ks
[a€vh`e`.
Lj
th`s&ê`
kh
lê
cjlhrlj
hquevjc`th
kh [ah\,€`¡`
hs
lj
lh`seå`
h`
ferfueto
jccrto
tjl fogo
sh
gekh
fuj`ko
`o
ferfulj `e`bu`j forreh`th h`
loj
th``e`jlhh J o C.
V¡`
u`h fjrbj fo`hfckj
h`trhJy
C. lj fo`eh`th ccl
j
trjvås ksl ferfueto
hs9
(cy
kh oag)
E
s
Ht{Sl+SY}
lj
th`slö`
h`trh
los thge`jlhsJy
C
{Hjc}hs
Hjc*lxS3
$ustetuyh`ko
lj
pùghrj
hü¡jfeö`
h` |j shbu`kj,
sh
puhkh
octh`hr
u`j hxprsseö`
segplenefjkjùh
Hjc
Hjc
7
S3
n SE+SY
n
Xtelezj`ko
los
vslorhs
rhjlhs sj
octeh`h
Hjc
s
{34.44n:
{V44V+
34.n}44}
}r
384
7
344
^
fuj`ko `oajy`jkj
fo`hftjko
j
los thrge`jlhsJo
C.
$e`
ferfuljfeå`
kh
forrlh`th, H >1
h`to`fhs
ebujl
j
Åjc
Lj
rhsesth`fej hquevjlh`th
kh
[ahvh`e`
hs
lj
rhsesth`fej
totjl kh
lj
rhk
h`trh
a¡s
thrge`jlhsJ
y
C.
Lj
nuh`th
kh
th`seö`
ekhjl
teh`
.
phr
khne`efçü`,
u`j
rhsesth`fej
e`thgj
fhro.
$upo`eh`ko
quh
lj
cjthrçj shj
u`j
cuh`j
jproxer`jheù`
j
u`j
nuh`th
ekhjl,
$h
fortoferfuetj`
ljs
pu`tos
Q
h
U khl
ferfueto
kh
lj neburj
;
J.
Sl
y
S?
quhkj`
j`to`fhs
h`
pjrhlhlo,
ve$to
khskh los
thrge`jlhs
J
y
C.
Lj
rhsesth`fej
hquevjlh`lh
kh
[ahvh`e`
hs h`to`fhs
StahU* St+`X S{ x
S3
Fo`
hsto
sh
octeh`h
hl
ferfueto
hquevjl*`th kh
[ahvh`e`
fogo
sh r`uhstrj
s`
lj
neburj ;
C"
Los
ferfuetos kh
ljs neburjf
t
ay :
C,
por
lo
quh
to`fehgh
j
S6,
$o` hqueyjlh`,ths.
Fuj`ks
*h
fo`hflj
S6
j l`s thrge`jlhs J
y
C,
ferfuljrê
fs`eh`th
j
trjvå*
kh
Stahv,
prokufeh`kr
u`j fjçkj
kh
th`seù`
j
trjvås
kh
Stahv
y
rhkufeh`ko
újc,
$e` hr`cjrbf, lj
forreh`th
j
trjvås kh
S6
hs ebujl
j
|
.
Atah
b
`totjl
*
Htahv/ Stahv+
S6
$ustetuyh`ko
porvjljrhs
rhjlhs
$h
octeh`h
E
x
34$
;Vü4
+1n 4ü
*
{V,V[
gJ
IÅE
tHneG@[
GHFJAEFO
KH GJltl[Hltülll/lt
Hn.l[FE
jt
61
61
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 40/150
&
nne@Únne
HLHf[Sö¡{nfJ
bJstf*
tn'{KX$[SnJL
pJS[H
E
X`ekjkhs
nrjffeo`jlhs o gùlteplos
rrsujlss
kh
lj
poc`f¡j
so`
hl g¡l¡rrrjtt,
u`j ge$segj
kh
wjtt,
y
hl
melor¡vjtt
o
:444
wjtt.
Hihgplo9
Lê
th`$eö` kh
pljfj
kh u`j
vêlvulj
kh
vjflo
trj`sgesorj
hhkh 3444 ^
y
lj forreh`th
kh
pljfj
hs kh 684 gJ{lj
foreh`th khch shn trj`sno``jkj
h` jgphrçoj
j`ths
kh
e`trokuferlj
h`
lj nörgulj,
y
pon
c`tohh4,68J).
H`to`fhs9
T
7
Hxl
s
3444
x
4,68
7
244
lll
Vustetuyh`ko
ljs hquevjlh`fejs
kh
lj
lhy kh Oag
pjrj
H
h l,
sh
octeh`h` ljo
sebueh`ths
nörguljs
pjrj
lj
poth`fej,
T7H3lN
T7lrxS
Hstês nöguüs
so` guy ùt¡lhs
pjrj
fjlfutjr
poth`fej
fuj`ko
$h
fo`ofå
lj
th`s¡ö`
o lj
forr¡h`th
(phro
`o jgcjs).
Hihgplo9
¿Fuê`tj
poth`fej
sh hxlrjhrê kh u`j rf$¡sth`fej
kh
;444 oags
se hl
poth`fejl
jplefjko hs kh
344 ^?
Kh
lj
hfujfeö`,
'
T7H,IS73443
:;444N
;4444
:;4447t4R
Jaorj
supo`bj
quh
u`j foreh`th
kh 34
gJ
ferfutj
j
lrjvås
kh u`j
rhsesth`fej
kh 644 oag.
H`to`fhs,
T7
Et x S
7
4,43, x 644
7
4,{Q}4¡l
x 644
¡4,:3
:nn
Ocshrvh
quh
lj
fo`eh`lh aj
seko fjgcejkj
kh
gelejgphrhs
j
jrúphrhs j`ths
kh
hgplhjrsh h`
Ej nörgulj.
Lj
poth`fej
hlåftrefj
h`
u`j
rhsçsth`f¡j sh
trj`snorgj
h` fjlor.
fuj`to
gjyor hs lj
potj`f¡j,
gês rêpekjgh`to
sh
bh`hrj
fjlo¡. Ljs rhsesth`fejs
pjrj
hquepos
kh
rjkeo sh
njcr¡fj`
kh
gufaos
tjgjúos,
ljs
gês
phquhújs
fjpjfhs kh k¡sepjr
{o
soportjr
fo` shburekjk}
jlrhkhkor
kh
:::4
w.
Ljs rhsesth`fejs
gêsbrj`khs
bh`hrjlgh`th
üsjkjs
h`
loshquepos
kh
jnefeo`jko,
kesepjrê` jlrhkhkor
ks
n
44 R.
Fuj`ko sh
fo`vehrth h`hrbçj
hlåftrefj
h`
h`hrbçj
ghfê`efj,
y
vefhvhrsj,
sh khch
hgplhjr lj
sebueh`th rhljfeö`9
: fjcjllo
kh
poth`fej
(AT)
*
2;>
R.
GHFJ@Eüü
Kb
ntêJal[H@{¡G¡Hru[O
J{}
j
65
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 41/150
ú
nnen{J`
HLHf[Sö@rfJ
hÊs$* rrr{KX$rSrJL
pJSrH
E
wnne
nneOE{[JIH
t}H
FESFXE[O
E}H NXHE.E[[
E}H
*Lltrnneatl4el
uH
nüHtll*
4A`lJ
GHFJ[-¡EFFE
TH GJ@[H}EEGEHA[O
j'
;4
;:
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 42/150
{}?aNt.p,{9\t)l,nn8
Nrryc"*r[rj`*n*gjü*r.
l `
xtrùw ü er *u
ttrr,
*
nt,h,ùene*g
rI*{
&
ne
l`stjljr
"elerfvet*
tlo
Nryh`th ùv
&,:çr`h`tj*es`
rl*n,J*rle`J`k*
c1
ns.:'
t9.nt.
l
mlU9.
l
l?,ln ,:9
n;
t
"
ne,.lt
{.
,.ö[
n=
rV
[
r
jrwl *r
gj**r
6.:ê* E : 3
"
$
"
:
2-v
-2-/q
1:
üçj;* :l`;*4;
ü:
ru*eslh`*ejEm
ü: ¡ssr=elrss``pet=
tl`lsl*ts
ü:
guntç`t*tr*
*rbrtjl
ül
rlehwlrt
:r.¿;*tl:
{Il
üt*re`:@;:1&
ü
mt"¿*?ell}/,
hF lLW¡
@,
n;
*T,?tt Ç&
E
*
rl'nrÅ"
?":&lü
zu ne
V
'I
nl
.$
e.
e;^
J(
ti
#
:'
¿ l98
nr,[
ù3
nt.`r9
ne*,Ea9
':::
2MI*9[@
nne%
nneswb
Nr.tqel
[lUtútrù9
En+t¡l,l[ne,el
r=,t
*ttlrüvl['I
ll.Ir/l"9{9
ut9
ttLemlLqln{"9,e*@,
r"r,ç,/'r.nner\"*jr-}n';
?,&.r.nr
#\,r,¿w*&nn?,rt.aal[y92,'#r,Jw?ù[{6
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 43/150
nr
neA¡G
HLHf[Sör{rfJ
hÊs$`
nnKX$[StJL
pJS[H
E
OTHSJFEÖE{
|
TSONJS
[@J {VNOS[EJÇ}FES
Hl
e`strugh`to
gês ekö`ho
pjrj
fo*pücjt
u`
trj`snorgjkor
hs hl r`ultethsthr.
Tjrj
khthrge`jr
se
ljs
hsperjs
hstê`
h`
ferfultj
jcehüo
o h`
fjr,to
ferfueto
y
pjrj
r`hklr
lj
rhsesth`fes
propej
kh lor
j`olljgeh`tos $h
utelezj
u` oaglghtro
fo` lj
fujl
pokrê
fogprjcjrsh
jkjptj`kj
j
jlnj rhse*th`fej ljs
pêrkekjs
h`trh
los j`slljgeh`tss.
p`üfH$o
oú HIHfufÅ`
:.
Vhlhffeo`j
sl
rj`bj
kh
gùefls` ni vçj
hl
su¡etfa kh shlhffeö`
kh
nu`feö`
kh
ghkefeö`"
3.
Fo`hfth
ljs
fjclhs kh
pruhcj,
6.
^hrenequh
hl
rhsultjko
rl*
g*kefeù`
gostrjko
h` lj
pj`tjllj,
6.:.
Treghr
j`êlces
.
Fuj`kj
hl
'
gultethsthr gjrfj
su
vhrkjkhro
vjlor
kj
lj
coce`j k*l
trj`sno``jkor
hstê
h`
cuh`
hhtjko"
6,3.
$hbu`ko
j`êlefes. üuj`kj
*l
gultethsthr
gjrfj VL, h`to`fss
lj
coce`j
hstê
jc'ehrtj,
por
lo
tj`to h`
trj`snorgjksr `o
nu`feo`j
jkhfujkjr`h`th
P
6.6.
[hrfhr
J`êleses-
Fuj`ko hE
`r$ltethsthr r`jrfjJkl
sh kefh
quh
hxesth
u`
fortoferfueto"
GH*Jlllt* VH
GJNE[AE.¡|Ç*eEün*[O
;6
¡
j
;3
r*
*r
{3
/
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 44/150
&
nneE\lkA`
HLH[[SÖntE[J
`Êsg¿
En'¡`X$[ntEJE"
pJS[ne
E
4
p
nr SJ f r
Ö A
9
E
¡-¡
s[J
LJ
S
t E
S
t X
E[
*&
``F[|IN
t*
c&ù``*
A` hhtj ophrjfeö`
sh `cshwjrê`
ljh
*jrjfl*rçste*jhkhl
keok
j **r[ù**`kuftor.
T
jso
:
= lkh`te
ne*jr
kejko
shg
efs`kuftsr
Lhhr
hlfökebo
kh
rjkjkeoko
y
cu*fjr
$us
fjrtrfthrçstefjr
h`
hl
nnej`ujlkh
rhhr`pljzoh
{]tü
o
@[n)
y
llh`jrhlfujkro
jkiu`to.
Keoko E
v
aplefjfeù`
:M;5ne;
:@;üR2
:${',t;1
T.jso
3t
^ hretefjr
h stjk
o k
h
k
eoko
shg
efo
`k uftp
r
:"'
Fjlofjr
hl shlhftor
khl
gultçr`htr*
kebetj
E
h`ljpojefeö`
pjrj
ghklr keükne$
"
".
.}ù
'v'|
Fo`hftjr
ljs
thrge`jlhs
khl
`rultçghtro
hre
pjrjlhlo
*o`
hl keoko
y
ltt*b*
**`tcçjr
lj
,,¿
posefeå`
kh los
th``e`jlhs
khlgulter`htro.
"ê
H`
u`j
posefeÖ`
hl gultçg
htrj
e`kefjrê
cjij
r*sesth`
fej
{;1Z
*
2üù}
yh`
ljotrj
p`sefeö`
e`kefj
rê u`
vjlor
hxtrhr`jkjr`h`th
jlto.
G
AFJÇ'¡
tü
FE
ù#.
GJ@[ún.¡
E
Gn
ÅN¡[O
j
;6
n
nne7W
¡t0`,rx9
E
lgl
Re
E
\-l9*_-99l
çl
\,"."'¿rtrw=j,-
nt*, :
lnnel
.
hn
*st
i
"=-[
o..mw|I
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 45/150
,t
nne[XJ@
HLHf[SÖGfJ
bJVrf`
nneKXV[SEJL
NJS[H
E
Oashrujfeö`9
Fuj`ko
hl
gultnr`htro
e`kefj cjij
rhs¡sth`fej hl th``e`jl
`hbjtefo
hstj fo`hftjko
jl
fêtjko
khlkeoko
Ocshrvjfeö`9
Ft¡j`ko
*h hgplhj u` gulteghtro
fs` e`kefjkor kh jbuej,
hl
shlhftor
sh
folofj
h`
lj
pjsefçö`
"x:"
y
sh nejhh
lj
gesgj
pruhcj qu€
fo`
hl gultnr`htro
kebetjt,
ro`
lj
kenhrh`fej
quh
fu`
hl
gultçghtro
e`kefj
chejrh$esth`fej,
hl thrr`e`jl
roio
hftj
fo`hftjko
jl fêtsko khl kçoko.
nne
nne
*
-j
nne
nne
*
aü
Gn=
VJE.¡EVO
KH GJúE[ÅAEGEVA[O
j'
;;
;$
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 46/150
G
R
xL"Åf,[r;*N¡'fJ ***tt9j wç}Ltne[nteqL
pJS[r9
t
&pwntp\*tnneq,ê9r:ü#[al*çLNq,ü,w*wr[#
*tr"Nüwpq[nne*w
&Pt*&tr&wtr&[&*t*6,êwwb,&nnennex&#tuhnnea
&* ***r*rvjrj
*l
pr**wtetge*`t*
ù*
*$`
¡s*rter
üql[rt*'tùne
jlt*r*```
**rrr*`t*
*rt`{eru-t`.
Vjsw :9 *j`r,*tjr
*l
prçgjrçrs
rl`l
trj`*Çrsrr`jù*r j
:j
lç`hj
rIj
33* v
y
`t*ker
jl
v*tt=;*
*`
*@
s**u`kjre*
{^
r}
-AE@
;.:e
nnete
__
__Atl
R
j**
#,9
ltrgjr
*l *er*uet*
*`
lj,
neHsrj
y
**{:t6r*:jr
hl
*s*el*`fjVtç*
p`rj
*cs*r,s
`r lj
: lY
*`k*
*` l*
üj[b&,
j ssth v
*l\ji* l* ll`gwg**^
ys.
-&`
;
ll
&ne
_
_;`
6
ggr* nr9
*ecuerxr
lj
r9`kj
rI*
sjlekj
e`rlt*``ù*
*E v*ltjeu
pe`*
.
+
--L*
L
*L
_t_
E
:-
:*
I*
t,
-*
*-*-+--_-*
*rr*
*-"
"'
.
:--
-'--
-*
-:"
**-**l**-*-*-w
Njwry
;9
\lhretewr
{¡Lt*
*1
f*gpl*lj
rhl`9*ee¡rz
"
nrrtnrü
nPrn{lüln*
l6*.
?ü
&.@[
*lùrn'J:/mn,|'n
{6
j"
^,,
*
^
r,,
@`-'
- rt,[
v
R
9?lr9bnr9r9[nneA##nnenne
Ê*'
ner,ö
;8
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 47/150
ú
tr@J@
HLHF[SÖ@E[J
CJ$EFJ
E@@XV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
Tjso
>9
Ghklr
hl
voltjeh
KF h`
lj
rhsesth`fej
F*
*jrbj
^KF
7ll
Njsj V9
^hrenrfjrbuh
sh
fur`plh
lj
rhljfeÖ`.
Ub
[E
^o,
s
GHVJ@EFO
KÅ
GJ@[H@EGEHA[O
j'
;2
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 48/150
HL[F[SÖ@EFJ
CJ$EFJ
E@KXV[SEJL
SJS[[
E
&
nne@#Çt
'Ç.
[SJE{$
No
Sú¡tJps`fs
gorufrÊbrf
bb
HL
[SJne $N4
SnerJü4S
ün,
OE{ONJ$|Fü
:,:,
üHNra`stöt*
Hs
u`j
gêbue`j hlåftrefj
hstêtefj
khste`jkj
j
trj`snhrer
lj
poth`
fej hlr*f=trefj
kh
une fele`kro
j otrs
pjr
h]
nh`ör`s`*
kh
lj
e`kuffeå`
hl**tror`jb`rtt,efj
y
gokenefj`ks,
se
$h
khshj
ljs gjb`etukhs
kh th`seö`
h
er9th`sek
jù
ù*l
**bu`kj
ferfueto
fo` rhljfçj`
jl
prer`hro,
gj`th`lh`ks
lj
{rj***`*ej
sry¡r*tj`t*
y
**`
guy
phfj
p,êrùtkj
k*
p*t*`fej.
V,
*$,
GJZXE@J
[LAF[ntEFJ
@$[J[EFJ
[SJ@VNOSGJTOS
[
[.b.
TJS[H$
NX@üJnne[ru[JLnrb
U
H$?Hn[Ù5[O[V[SE,Eü[E^üV
[oko
trj`snorgjüjr
fo`stj
kh tr*s
pjrths
tu`kjgh`tjlhs.
j.
tr¡Ùflho=
Al `ùflhs
hstê
fo`stetuekFE
por
lêge`js
k*lbjkj*
ù* êü*tt#
{jproxegjkjgh`th
kh
Z.ü:;
pu{bjkjs
kh &spr,&&r,
phlh
nu`fe*`jr
j
1J
nezl
jesljkjs
hlêftrefjr`h`th
u`j$
kh
otrjs
Hsth
tepo kh
hstrufturj,
legetj
hl
{lui*
kh
ljs
s,jrre*`tjx r:*.:;*ùe,
rarlcek*
j
ljs
th`seo`hs e`kufekfs
h`
hl
`ù*lhj
psr
vjrejùj`
ù*
nlu"eo
gjb`ête*o
h`
*l
tehgp*.
t@
jfhro
teh`h u`j jltj
phrghjcelekjk
gjb`*ttfj
y
kj
u`jtrjyhr=tjrej
k*
ljtj
phrrnejnth`fej
jlnlul*quh
hs
r`utuj
jlprer`
hr*y
*h*u`kjre*P
X?
,
GHFJE'¡
EF Ü ÜH GJ@[H@EGE
H@[Ü
j"
;2
åt&
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 49/150
ÅLHf[SÖr\EEFJ
b{$FJ
E@KX$[SEJL TJS[H
E
,Jr
#[XJ@
J. KH^JAJKO
TSEÇEEJSEO
Hs
u` j`olljgeh`to kh
jljgcrl
Fh
focrh
jesljko
fo` cjr`ez, h$
hl
quh
sh
fo`hftj
j
lj
nuh`th
kh
h`hrbej.
c, [}H^JAJE}O
$HFXE{KJSEO
Hs
u`
jrrolljgeh`to
kh
jljgcrh
kh
focrh jesljko
fo` cjr`ez,
Hs
hlkhvj`jko
kh
sjllkj,
puhkh
ajchr
ghs kh
u`
khvj`jko
shfu`kjrço,
shfu`kjreo, h`
hhh
fjso fjkj
u`o
sh
fo`hftj
j
u`j fjrbj
klnhrh`ths o $h
e`thrfo`hftj
pjrj
proporfeo`jr
kenhrh`ths
th`seo`hs
kh sjlekj.
Coae`jko
Tregoreo
Coce`jko
$hfu`kjreo
,:.6.
slelCoLoBeJ
l{otj9
,
>444
r r>444
+
lomvJ
E l,omvJ
åtoAz
åtoAz
*U
zzjv E l33jv
r t>444
XromvJ
>4 Az
33J^
>444
lOM^J
>4 Az
334
^
el
`
o
Vnr`colos
lHF, X@H, ül@,
CV,
J@$l
Otros
slgcolos `orgjlezjkos
h` hl Thrù,
sh
h`fuh`trj`
h`
hl
fåkebo
@jfeo`jl
kh
Hlhftrefekhk
pêbe`js
3;y
38,y 65khÇ
togo
@o
:
"
:,3,6,;,
*[rj
`sno``jk
orhh
G o`onêsefoh
:
4
m^J,
>4A3, ne 444/334^.
GHFJ@ EFO
KH
eIEJ@[Hn-E EGEH
}'[[O
j"
;1
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 50/150
HLQü[
`*@R $,,
ne anet#
J
G|ELIV[ R.t
aL
?
arqr
tr.
E
G
Rnne
:.&. #Ltu%l&Rhnne*r,h
,
E
j.
nne*bw` *l
U{u
*h
tjss`9
?*lltm*er,rs*
{*`p**çjlg*`t*
tren êse#rrh
y
G*`*n
*ser=*.*}
nu
. &*>b{*w wtr
#rstwr`g
ttrw
R,*treb*r
w*ee*w9
R"*{rebhrj;**
p*r
j**|t*y
p*r
ju*.
*.
nne*Hü`
wl
jxuytl*ge*`tr*
*rstr*
jrrvll`rytew`*nnenne'"
[rj`st`rgjk*r**9
F*`*leluzrêr¡
{.2*r
gh,b
**
r6**t***e``r6**erzr=ewVr*r=zùery`:,#*.
_
&utulr
j`*n
*r g jk
*r**9
#*ce`jk*
u`efr¡
"
ù.
$*br"gr*w#nui*t*9
[
r
j
`
*n
r
x g
jtI
*
r
`x
k j ls
`xe
{*
r
t
y
r,
rs
r
r
e
* rt
l*
"
*'
#wb'ù`*t&wrveues9
l6*
p`th`te&
*
Y{It}Ù
m^
\
:#t}
l&\,:
a,
>teq\l
-33*U"^
nneh
üe*trecur,ej`*
*nlm\¿
a 3*ùü
a^ a=
:
tl
t>,9\/
36* ^
**
p**qts*`*
?
*tw`*e*
y
rnr*ne.nI[*s
tL*
`*
?,^
a,
n
, nnexbw` j,l
`wg*`trs ry
unrewge`uueù`
ri.r*
Hg
t``we*`9
nrlw¡gr|*r**'.
,%e
*l*vj`lulw`,qtc` #` sl
s*r=u`ùjre*.
[,;*tlu*ljrr¡,j.
,nee
ùexgç`u'n{trr
lh
th`se*`
w` hl ***ts`*jte*,
bY.
#*
bu`
h@
r`gùt
w
gwcewsz*w9
?jrj
e`t*re*r**''y
lep*
raq
e`Lgr*yt*`*"
l\Ênrt
a.nùlü\I gn"
&rt eR[
m*.llnr,nlRt
t'[
*
'"
;5
8ü
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 51/150
HLHV[SÖn'EEFJ
CJVEFJ
EA[}XV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
*
nnenuJ`
E.8
[X@FEO@JGEH[.E[O
j.
Jl
jplefjr
tj
th`seö`
X,
jl
prer`hro
r`hkej`th
hl
e`thrruptor
$,
sh orebe`j
lj
fsrreh`th
lo
(forreh`th
kh
hxfetjfeö`).
c.
lo
frhj
hl
nluio
gjb`åtefo >*
f.
Jl
ferfuljr
ne*
por
hl
`ùflho
nhrrogjb`åtefo
sh
e`kufh th`seo`hs
h` hl
pregjrej
y
shfu`kjreo.
A'
*
;,;;
lrl.,
n 4*{^}
y
Hz7 ;,;; @?nü*w)
k.
JE
jplefjr
lj
th`seö`
e`kufekj
H.
j
lj
nnerbj
ghkej`tj
$,
sh orlbe`j
ls
forreh`th
l,
quh
jl
ferfuljr
por
lj
s$rbj
khah
bh`hrjr
u`
nluio
ne"
opuhsto
j
4.".
h. Hlnluio
gjb`êtef`
`hto
{nr,ne,lorebl`j
quh
H. kesr`e`uyj.
't.
Jl
kesge`uer
H,
lj kenhrh`fçj
(X,
H,=
jurSh`th hl
fujl orebe`j
lj
forrehùth
l',
quh
jl ferfuljr
pjrhlcoce`jko pregjrlo
frhj hlnluio
gjb`åteff
br.
-
b.
nr-y
>o
so`
jprjxegjkjr`h`th
ebujlhs
phro
kh
sh`teko
f``trjreo
y
sh j`ulj`,
quhkj`ko
ne`jlr`h`lh
&*for`o
rh
po`sjclh
ks|
nh`årneh`o.
GHFJ@EFO
KÅ
GJ@[HaEEGEHA[O
j'
84
8:
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 52/150
HLHn,[@Ön.EEFJ
CJ$[J E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[Å E
nne
nnenub`
tr,&,
HL
[SJA$NOJJnrJKV@
EJnrÊL
H` hltrj`snorgjkor
ekhjl
hlnlu¡*qus
jlfj`zjjl
pregjrlo
hs
hl
gesgo
quh
*`ljzj
jl shfu`ùjùj=
hsto
qut*r*
khfer
quh
hl
jf`pljglh`to
gjb`å{en,o
js gêgego"
Jseg
esgü
hnt
hsth
trj`stjrgjkur
sh khsprhfls
lj
rhsesth
`fej
ù*
l*s
ù*vj`jkres
,
lj
rhjftj`fej
kh
los
r`lsgos
y
lj*
pêrkekjs
h`
hl
`ù*,|*j
nhrr*r``b**tew.
#e`
hr`cjrbù,
jl hstukejr u`
trj`snorgjksr
ekhjl
hstjr`fs
hstukej`ùo
jlj
gjy*rçj
kh
loh
trj`snorr`jksrhs
n`crer¿ùo&
*`
lj
jftujleüjk"
]*th
gukslp
j h*`*e*hr&[
shrverê `o
jcjtj
`lh
pjrj
**tuùejr
ur¡
trj`*n*rgjù*r
rhjn
.
Tregjreo
$EGCOLO
el
n'¿r
@,
j
`
ùghro
ks'yuh{t
js
rl*tpregj
ref
`ùghro
kh
vuhltjs
khlshfu`kjreo
r
hljsej`k
h
trj`
snu rgjxe*`.
akFFJ@'FO
üA
GJG[Hn'¡|GIÅn.e[O
83
j
j
8:
e
/l
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 53/150
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJ$EFJ
EAKX$[Sc;L TJS[H E
,Jt
nneEXnet
Nörgulos9
X,
7
;,;;
@,
n
b,v
Xr7
;,;;@rn$,^
[h`seö` khlpregjreo
[h`seö` khl
shfu`kjreo
l`th`slkjk
khl
pregjreo
l`th`sekjk
khl
shfu`kjreo
:.2
.
SHLJF¡ÖQ
OH[SJ[{VNOSnlEJFEÖE{
(j}
E
*`
u`
trj`sno``jkor h`
vjfls
hl
fofeh`th
kh
ljs
th`seo`hs
so` kerhftjr`h`th
proporfeo`jlhs
j
los `ùr`hros kh
hsperjs forrhspo`keh`ths.
X,9
X3e
t,
l"9
Ll, nn,
Fr7
."r..
s.....:.
X, @3
1
*` u` trj`snorgjkor
fo` fjrbj
hl fofeh`th kh
ljs
e`th`sekjkhs
kh forreh`th sù`
e`vhrsjgh`th
proporfeo`jlhs
j
los
`ùr`hros
kh
hsperjs
fo`hspo`keh`ths.
o*.:..,
7
nn,
E,
@z
N
*`u` trj`sno``jkor
fo`
fjrbj
bl
fofeh`th kh
lj
rjlz
fujkrjkj
kh ljs
er`phkj`fejs
so`
kerpftjgh`th
proporko`jlhs
j los `ùghros
kh
hsperjh.
'.e3,
¡n,
8:
* "='.,..
.9 *
'
'ez,
@t
G HFJ@
EFO
KH e'J}.¡[H¡{
EEt/l
E
H
A[O
j'
83
86
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 54/150
nrLbfr&ü@rfa `Êsrf`
rru`u$[`
tJL"
qJS[H
t
G
nnennehnne`
Lu*bo
E
9
9'2
9
{.'t
.l
''z
'.9
/.
-
t
:6,
9
Tot*`fej
khl
prer`jre*
T
r'.?
jth`fej
khl
shfu`kjreFE
Hihgplj.
Åh*olvhr9
ne1 llz
6ùùü
6üü
3;ü
^
Volufeö`
X,
*
;";;
nlrt.
nne,,,
,,*epYj{}
7
ê,,&{t
x
#t}
y
6O*J }{"
nr`,
X,
lX.,
7el,
l@rr
3;ü/LI,
s
}**tll6Jü-
rne0'
lIr
r
?";^
ún
büJn,¡
E
F ü
ü*. GE\@[
H?¿:GEH:'I l' ü
j'
,r7to'rrle'
7rl'
@
3
{. 'r.
{,
cs
l{,
e*
U;,
x
tj..
.¿
In
86
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 55/150
HLHF[SÖelrfJ
CJVrfJ @KXV[SEJL TJS[H
E
I'JE
trnu¡g
St7u9
*u73
*
Er7>J
Ez E3
E,
7
@,
*
>
*
6ooo
,*
:,.*rI,>J
.
Et
@3 Et
6ü4
:.V FJTJFEKJK
KH
X@
[SJ@$NOSGJKOS
Lj
fjpjfekjk
kh u`
trj`snorgjkor
sh
hxprhsj h`
^J
{^olteo
-
Jgphreo} . Hl fuekjko h` hl
gj`hej
kh
hsth
pjrêgjtro
$h
elu*trj h`
hl
sebueh`th
hehgplo.
Hihgplo
Ajlljr lj
e`th`sekjk
h`
hl
shfu`
kjrej
33R
>4Az
3;4^t:64^
VM^J
$olufeö`
33ü^
Y7
3,:>O
[h`seö`
khl
shfu`kj`o
'ljt
93;{,
9*
ç,n
,
*
X,
t9o
l`th`sekjk
`oge`jl
khl
shfu`ksreo
$ro
*
Xr* x
lr*
.
8444
x
:64
x
lr`
:5,{t2^
Fos
nr7
s.j
G
HüJ@
tF
O KH
GJr.¡[Ht-{
tnrt
E€@[O
j"
8;
88
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 56/150
HLHf[SÖ}EEFJ
@JVG¿
N{K[,V[SEJL
pJS[H
E
#ú%
nnenXJS
lr`phkj`fej
kh lj
fjrbj
T,s
7
;'4*{l^U
X,'7`rInl
Fos$
7
*,>
N,
'X
"l
`{os$
;{}ü
*
l}tlxn
*xü,>
*lr
*88,8{tJ
2-uu
*
L}l9I
-z.r{trz
E
u
88,8>
l`th`sekjk
quh
khrevj
lj
fjrbj
,
-t`', -::5'>2
"
*
'r
3,r$
*
l
r788,;{}"¡E
[rj`snorr`
j
kor
**cr
*tjrbjk*
GHFJ@ EFü
üH
G,J.@[HruruE
H[[[O
j"
88
8>
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 57/150
HLÅfrSöelrfJ
hÊs$`
EAKXV[SEJL
pJS[H
E
,Jc
sHrune`
KEOKO
VHVEFOAKXF[OS
$Htcelfoel`ufroSHs
Hl
êtogo
Hs
Ej
gê*
phquhúj
pjrtlfulj
kh
u`
hlhr`h`to
y
qus
ju` r`j`teh`h
ljs
fjrjfthrlstefjj
quçgefjs
kh åsth.
Lj
fo`stetufeö`
khl
êtor`o,
rhnereå`kosh
jl
jsphfto
hlåftrefo, fo`stj
kh
u`
khthrge`jko
`ùghro
kh
proto`hs
fs`
fjrbj
posetevj
h`
hn
`ùflho
y
u`jfj`tek¿k
ebujlkhhlhftro`h$,
üo`
fjrbj
`hbjtevj,
berj`ko
h`
kenhrh`ths
örcetjs
h`
hl
h*pjfeo,
quh
rhfech`
hl
`ogcrh kh
h`volturj,
fogo
ss guhstrj
h`
lj
sebueh`th
neburj.
H`volarj
Fjkj fuhrpo segplh
sh
kenhrh`fej
kh
los
khr`ês h`
hl
`ùghrf
kh
hlhftro`h$
y
proto`hs buh
fo`teh`h`.
Los hlhftro`hs
berj`
h`
örcetjs
fjse
hllptefjs, h` fjkj
u`j kh ljs
fujlh$
y
shbù` su
proxegekjk
jl `ùflho solo
puhkh`
hxestçr
u` `ùghrj
gêxego kh hlhftro`hs.
Jse, h`
lj
:o
örcetj gjs rhrfj`j jl`ùflho,
lljgjks
örcetj
M,
fjch` for`
gêxer`okoh
hlhftro`h$=
h`
lj 3o
FE
Lfjch`
1=
h`
lj
6",
:V
h`
lj
;"
,63...".
Kh
hstj
norgj
,
hl
êtogo
khl
fuhrpo hegplh
lljgjko
$okeo,
quh
so`teh`h
s` su
`ùflho
::
proto`h$,
kespo`h
kh
6
örcetjs
pjrj
sus
::
hlhftro`hs=
hs
khfer
buh
ljs
hlêfts`hs
vj` llh`s`ko
ljs
örcetjs
ajstj sel fjpjfekjk nnr*xçr`j,
fogs`zj`ks
por
lj
preghrj
fo`norr`h
$s
guhhtrs
h`
lj
sebueh`ts
neb.
GHFJE'¡EFO
KH
GJ@[HN[EGEH@[O
j'
'+
+:
++
+
8>
ç2
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 58/150
Rnne
@LÅ#[
SÙ[ùln'J
@ &,nel{I,J E@ÙEI?[
ntEHL.
T
are'[
r
E
L*x êùrr`t*#
k* l*x
*lwghntt**
er`pl**
*uhne*ne h*t
ê` ü#r`plbarll
#*`
#*Lltt**,
#w*t#t{,
r}uh
*,rs`ler,`w` ebujl
*`r*terIj*6 *h *lh*,tr*`&&
qLt*
r *
$r*nu`h#',,
p*tü
kjk*
qu,*
*t*
r*l**tro`q9*
rlj
Ej telter`j
etr'*etj
srt`
l*s
r`jr*
jlhe`rIr**
ùsl `ujl*ü
y p*r*ech`
nnw`#*
*u
nts*rhj ris
xtrg**e{9rt,
pr.t***`
**'ter** **
t\ç*,'rzj
rsr*¡el.j,
r}b`*ge`jrIj
up*renùt,r't*j'*
*
rI*
/,rvçùl*`üe*
.*.
nn"*t`x
j\ur`*g,
j.l**
quh
%h
l*`
aj
k*r=pr`ve*,t"*
k*
jlbù`
*l**t9rr¡`
tt
l*
ttj` *jpnusr`kr¡
*`
*tt ullegg
*rtsçt*',
s*
trh*
rl*`j`ze`r t*`*#,
y
¡tu*rI*`
*&r
e*`*,s
p*xelev*s
#
t*`hb
g*bjr=e',rts*
**g*
*h
twu&netrj
*`
lj neb,
.*ebue*r**
Lsj
'ktur`*s
jth`ùeh`ürt
jl
`etr`*r* ks
sl**trr,`h#
quh'
Ro*h&{[
*,`
l`
rsr'*etj
phrenùr9ernne
**
flj*en
rr,j`
w`
*stjclr¡*
*
e`u*tj*l*s.
{ê*
ll`r`j
'&ott¡tzttt
*xtu*l*
gl
qu*
te*`*
**wtysl*tj
;*
wlt*flrrr`*&
>ü
*lteg`
*r*et`
s
t*l
rutwrybs
ùe*p*`* hrr
jll`
rls
&
slj*\r*`**.
\9
9i
9.-y'
tlHt.t{}
n.tuk.lt'I
L**
etLttgü#
b
e`hr*tj@sls`w,
qu*
stl`
l'=sb
q\th
`*
ter*sqt,
llh`j
'hu
tsr\¡eLj
p*ret&rer9u
`e
E*`tp***
ü
s'l**tr:*`*,*
&rz
*llj,
teh`h`
j`&
ürh` ürüph`H=e*`
&
ü*`v*rlers¡çi-
*`
u*l,t"snul**,
lse*rt
rçupr*`*e*`ùr.
^s*
*l**tr#r,&*
ù*
""¡gl*``t*
ü
L"¡e*rt
j?¡b,*rtne*`rI*
ùwl
uxt*rersr
h,l.j*tr*tt**
letsr*s
ttj*t`
**gpl*tjr
Ej *lter`j
r¡rtetlj=
tr.*`
fjrV'ê
ü-çt&ü rwjlezjrjrz
E*
r;urj
`e
*
`##
*`hr
He
j
*up
*`b
g),
-'--'.
ú=h
GHüJr,rR#
n6c"?,Jmt.l"{uCln,Jtcr;[*
cnl
"82
\
t
l
t
i
tütù ?ùner[t\t*
n=6p,&t'{hC
lrN ^ttt-l9.`;{9t
LtPHt|mb,
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 59/150
HLHf[Sö@rfJ
bÊstfJ
[AKXV[S[JL
HJS[H r
IJnr
nnenune`
Fuhrpo*
Vo`kuftfrss
Los
fuhrpFE$
ho`kuftorhs $o`
jquhllo*
fuyos
êtogos
phrr`eth`
nêfelgh`th
hl
pj*o
kh
hlhftro`j$ j
su
trjvÅs.
tl
êtogo
kh
focrh,
quh
po>hh
35
hlhftro`h$
y
?5
proto`hs,
kespj`eh`ko
kh
u` solj hlhftrö`
h` su
;"
ùtcetj,
@
s*rê
por
tj`to
u`
êtogo e`hstjclh
y
th`krê
u`j
brj`
th`kh`fej j khsprh`khrsh
khlhlhftrs` kh lj
ùltrgjörcetj.
Jl
jpler,jr u`j
kenhrh`fej ùh
p*th`fljl
j u`
fo`kuftor
kh
focrh
{Fu},
hl
thrge`jl
posetevo
jtrjh
nêfelgh`th
hlhftro`hs kh los
êtogos
kh Fu fhrfj`FEs
y
qu*
hstê`
khshj`ko
soltjrlos
pjrh
ajfhrsh
hstjclhs,
geh`trjs
quh
hsto$ gesgos
êtfgFEh,
jl
quhkjr
fjrbjkos
pjsetevjgh`ts,
jcs*rch`
hlhftro`hs kh
los
êtjgoh
f``hutjkos
jl thrge`bl
`hbjtevo,
ajceh`ko
phrkekü
su
hlhftrå`
phren*rer`,
lj
{&urphrj`
kh kefaj
thrr`e`jl,
quh
$s
los
proporfeo`j"
Tor
hih``plo,
supo`bjr`os
quh
.hl
fjclh
poshj
sùlo ;
êtogjf,
hhbù`
,sh
guhstrj
h`
lj
neb.
sebue*`th,
Hl êtogo @"n
khhprh`kh
nêfelgh`th
su hlhftrö`
phrenÅrefo
jl
shr jtrjçko
por
*l
cprkh
potetevo
kh
lj
pelj.
Jl
r`esgo
tehgpo, kefao
êt`rrro
quhkj
fjrbjko
posetevjgj`th
y
jc*ornrh
hl
hlhftrö`
phrlnårefo
khl
êt`go
@*3=
å*th
lj
jcsjrch
khl
@"6=
åsth khl. @";=
y
hsth
ùltego
ehfech
hl
hlhslrne`
phrlnöreso
quh,
ajceh`kf
sjleku khl
êtogo
@"l, lj
pelj
trjsljkj nejsm
hl
cor`h
`hbjtevo,
fogo
ss
prhsh`tj
h`
ljneb. sebueh`th
e
GüFJE'{
EFO
KA
GJN¡[H@
lne;tH
l{[V
j'
Shpru*o`trfmlo
#er`plnelr=jkj
rnne
-/
nne
togo
kj
Vocrr
81
s5
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 60/150
úLnrF[SÖ@E[J
bÊVEF¿
EN¡üXV[}EEJL
pJS[*
t
"*"nne*
nne
qü
Ånn=l
b
'qnn;`s`
nne'w*r
l"-j
p**eceleùjk
qu*
te€`h los êt`gos kh Fu.
ùjkj
su
e`*stjceleùjù,
k1 ù**pr*`khr
sus
hlhftro`hs
phren*refs
,
e`thrfjr`ceê`k'*shlos,
f``stltuyh
su cuh`j
üjrtk**tettele*jù.
***rptlls
xeslj`ths
$j`
los
quh
`o
phrr`eth`
ht
ph9s*
h
l`thrfjgnuer.
ùs
hl**lrù`s#
p*ret&ref*$,
se#llflo
sr.¡s
êtogos
`orgjlg*`th
hstêclhs. Å`trh
lss
hlhgh`tss `*turjlhj
ljs
ghir.r**jeslj`th*veh`h`
j $hr
los
bjshs
e`hrtss.
F
uhrpos
hhnne
efh`kuftorhs9
Ge*`trjs
qu*
lo* üur'rpj*
cuh`js
**`kuftr,r**
*trsü&rr
*süjsj
r*sesth`fej
jl
pjw
¿lh
lfs
hlhfero`hs
y
lüs jeslj`ths
ej
*tr**h`
*e*vjkçsegj,
lss
ssgefs`kuhtfrhs
pr**h`e*tr
unej,
rhs esth
`fej
e
`thrr`
hüej
h`trh
jgc os
hxtrh
r`
**
"
$hrrl
efs` kuftorhs
E
`trereshf
os
$o`
los
sl*gh`tos
purüs
sor`ü
hl
belefeo
y
*l
bhrr`j`ej.
Hl
sel9efç*
sür`*
**
ç`ker,j
u`l* neb"
to`*tj kh
:;
*l**trr.`#*y
':;
pr*t*`*s.
Lj
fjrjfthrçstefs
nu`kjgh`t`l
kh
l**
tu*rp*s
$hger=u`rlw*tür*s
hs
l*
**
p*shwr
&
hlhftro`h$
&ne su
örcet*
kh
vjlh`f,ej.
ü*`
hsth hstrufturj
*l åtl*wt*
hs
e`hstjcl*,
p`rj
ajfhrsh
hstjcl*
$*
prh*h`tj
u` ùelr,r`j9
`qL*
*uh*tx
lj
ges```
k,**pr*`ùr=r
l**
q
-
hlhftr&`hs
phrenårefos
y
qu*kjr*s,
*r`
lu`j
*rcetj,
qu*
*c**rc*r
r¡trss
;
*lw*tr*`h*
phrh
N,[FJ@¡[O
VH GJ['¡[HN¡EGIH@[FE
OO
85
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 61/150
nr
nenu¡trl
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
@JVEFS E@KXV[SEJL TJS[ú
E
vjlh`fej E
hlhftro`hs'.
H` hstjs hsphfejlbs
ferfu`btj`fejs,
fehrtos
hlhgh`lss fogo
hl
selefeo
y
hl
bh``j`eo
jbrupj`
sus
êthgos
kh
goko r`uy pjrtefuljr, norgj`ko
u`j
hstruftu
rj rhtefuljr
h`
lj
quh
fjkj
êtogo
quhkj
rokhjko
por
otros
;
,
togo
sh
e`klfj
h`
lj
neb. sebueh`th.
Fjkj
êto``o
kh
selefeo
{$e}
sfupj sehgprh
hl
fh`tro
kh
u` fuco
buh
poshh otrss
;
êtor`os kh selefes
h`
fujtro
kh sus
vårtefhs. Hstj hstntIfturj frestjle`j oclebj
jl
êto,r`o
j
hsü`r
rokhjko
por
otros
; ebujlhs,
propefej`ko
lj
norgjfeö`
kh
los lljgjkos
sh`ljfhs
fovjlh`ths*,
quh
kh u`j
norgj
hegplh
fo`sesth`
h`
lj
pjrtefepjfeù`
kh
fjüj
hnhftrö`
h` kos êtogos
g`tebuos,
jlbo
jsl
for`o
sl fjkj hlhftrö`
phrenårefo
kh
fjkj
êtor`o
servehsh
`o
sülo
jl
quh phrth`hfh,
se`otjgceå`
jl fo`tlbuo.
Fogs sh
ocshrvj
h`
lj
neb.
sebueh`th=
kh
hstj norgj hlêtor`o
ss
ajfh
hstjclh,
puh$
sh
fogportj
fogo
hh
tuvehsh
E hlhftro`hs
phrenårefos.
lh)
\-;
H`ljj
nne ]q
b
Jtogo
Fovjc`lh
Åjejclh
J - 326"F,
o
shj O"Mhlve`,
lj norgjfeö`
kh
los
h`ljfhh
fovjlh`ths hs
phrnhfü`
y
lj
hstrufturj
hs
fogplhtjgh`th
hst'jclh fogportj`kosh
for`o
u` fuhrpo jeslj`th,
phrs
j
ghkekj
quh
$s hlhvj
lj
thgph]jturj
jugh`tj
lj
jbetrjfeö`
törgefj, fo`
lo
quh
jlbu`os
hlêftrefos
phrenåregs
sjlh`
kh
su örcetj
rogpeh`ks
hl h`ljfh
fovjlh`th" Fuj`to
r`ês
jltj hs
lj
thgphrjturj,
r`jyor
hs
lj
jbetjfeö`
y
hl
`ùghro
kh
h`ljfhs fovjlh`ths
rotos,
iu`to
fo`
lj
fj`ükjk
kh hlhftro`hs
lecrhs.
Lj sjlekj
kh
u`
hlhftrö`
khl
h`ljfh
fovjlh`th
khij h`
åsth
u`f auhfoê,
jl
quh
sh
lh
lrjtjrê
for`o sl
nuhsh
u`j fjrbj
posetlvj,
u`j
G HFJ@EFO
KH ],tJA[H¡llGlÅ¡ù[O
j'
>4
s:
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 62/150
Å
l-. A
ne
[
S
FE
l,eltI
e,
C Jn
\r{9
a E
t't
u
tI
s
[
S
E @t
P
N
p,l;[
a
E
nne
RünneX
H`
hstjs
fo`kefeo`h$,
j
u`j
khthrr`utjkj thwtphrjturj
ajcrê
kh`tro
k*
lj hslrut9Lùrj
frestjle`j
*`j *ehrtj fj`tekjù
rIs hlhftro`hs
lec¡ hh
y
l*
gehgj
k*
auhf*s.
F*`*rht.jr`*`l*
j lj thgys*rjl*rj
ù* :2
"F
ul
bhrgjrù*
{&*}
Lth`*
ur:&
ü*{t*h`trjt}e*`
*,pr*xegjr}j
ùh
:*:6 au*,*js
* sl**lrj`hs
lecrj
*
p*r
frne.
6,
y
*l
sele*eo
**l* :l):*,
p*r
\h`*r
`l*r,*&
t'rceljts
y
hstjr
lj
p*ren,ùrefj
p*r
l* tj`to
`te`s nrhr*j
ùhl
`ùtlho
y
r,¡j`
jtrjçkj*
*us
hlh,etr``**
pjr
&:.
$hg
e
f` `kuftor
hx hxtrç`Åh***
Lj
**`*tell¡*l*`
khllrl,b
hrùj**b
tb',.tjl**:"*.r
*`lf,b
&t#`,,** kh
*elett*
y
ü,*r[rtrt`t**j*'`ne
q**
h*t*s
,$`
f*gpjrtr,`
ü*rne* &t*r`*s
h*tjlslhs
kh
&
*l**tr*rz**
p*ren*refrss,
`*
#[sslj`*t
h&t-üs h`ljs*u
s*
ü,*celet9j`
y yte*rk*rz
hl**lr*`h>
*`
n*`*,ej`
ks
lj
tu*'tp*rjltne
j,l¡
jl
jple*`r
u`j
kenr-r*`*,ej rl*
p*th`*ejl
&
u`
shr*er=*`k**t*r
t`trç`s*or)
',ê* *,**.*ebts*
*l
pj**
;*
u`j
khctl **rrej`th,
p#r*
{;tt*,'
¡Ijùrs
*u *ne{I&*r*
vjl*r
`ù
*ne u\ll
tp*r s*{I,
{}jrnne
lj
njts`**.*ers`
kr*
l*s
{ten*rhr**s
teprs*
rQw
s*t[tetj`r96uftnrr
ne*
jtelezj`
lü*
'¿*xtrç`s***sut
tlLt&
.$ne*
lrI`
`tej`t**
e`lrç`fer.***
&
lrs*
tjjl*s
*h
lh*lw
jetjktrar*
*,e`tptPt{&z*&sr."
.
$hr`
e*j`
'Iu*t*r
*xtrç`****
ri*
netrt*
?;
Hl **,tv`*rt`üurt*r
*v.trç`*hf*
reh
tep*
.
n
r* *i**pl*
*l
ç`mtry**
k*
j`t,er`o¿`ers.lnecl
Leu`u
*tt't
#+,:
*{*etj
rI*
'vjl*w9ej
*
*lh*tr*ne*Ns
(p*`tj,sjl*,`th},
*e
'&
lj
hstru*t`rj
yh
f*netsf,etl"k ;*l
s*üte*orerlu*t*r
er9:erç`:,$,*r=h
8h l*
hne,`k* j.t*g**
ù'`
{#ltWe
h`
r*ls*e*`
ù*
lp*r
:**J{}*ü.
nst{es
'çen.ü`tres
** j*ç*rr?j*
*` l* *strj{r*erj
*restjle`j
qu*kj`*j
r*;*jr}*
püt
;
jtrsr`j*
rI*
**r`ç**`rluo=r,*r e`trç`***ù
rqüh
trjtj` rE*
n*rsrtjr
f*{t
,&'e
Ejb
{tr
*rtljr9*s
r=*vjlhrrt** pjrj
l=`
n'kLü
@;
lF
ü
X
c.
cÊ
ar.t'
[' {9t;
lrùect'ç9=
ü
j'
>:
L't,/-
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 63/150
HLHf[Sö@tfJ
sÊstfh E@KXV[SEJL
pJN[H
E
ú
trn{J`
E
Et
s
4nneDnne4
-`"
,nne9'-*-
e4`"
Hl êtor`o
kh
$c
khspuås
kh
fugpter
f,&
los
; h`ljhhs fovjlh`ths
lh
socrj
u`
hlsr{rö`
quh
teh`kh
j
sjlersh
kh su
årcetj
pjrj
quh
hl
êtogo
quhkh
hstjclh,
Tor
fjkj
êtogo
kh
egpurhzjs
jnejkeko
jpjrhfh
u` hlhftrå`
lecrh
h` lj hstrufturj.
$hgefo`ku'ftor
hxtrç`shfo
kh tepo
T
Hsth
tepo kh shgefo`kuftor
sh
norgj jújkeh`ko
er`pur€zjs trevjlh`th$
(C,Jl,
Bj, l`)
jl
shgefo`kuftor
e`trÇ`shfo.
Jl
h`trjr
hstejs
er`purhzjs
j
norgjr
pjrth
kh Ej hstrufturj
frestjle`j
(u`
êtogo kh
egpurhzj$
por
fjkj gellö` kh êtogs
kh
shr`lfo`kuftor),
quhkj`
rokhjko$
por
;
êtogos
kh
Ve
o Bh
norgj`ko
fo`
6
kh
hllos
h`ljfhs fjvjlh`ths
y
khij`ko u`s
se`
norgjrlo j
njltj kh
u`
hlhktrö`,
quhkj`ko
u`
auhfo
*or`o sh guhstrj
h`lj sebueh`th
neb.
Tor fjkj
êtogo
kh
egpu
rhzj
trevjlh`th
quh
sh
jújkh
jl shgefo`kuftor
e`trç`shfo
jpjrhfh h`
lj
hstruftu
rj
u`
auhfo,
for`o
h`
hsth
shgefo`kuftor ajy r`jysr `ùghro
kh
fjrbjs
posetevjr
o
auhfos $h
lhs lljgj
jportjkorhj
gjyoretjreosp seh`ks
los
hlhftrs`hs
los
rtportjkorhs
ge`oretjreos
C.
X`eö` khlshgefo`kuftor
T fo`
hlll
".4
t
_-_.*.,&{
H`ljh
Fovjlh`th
.
j njltj
kh
u`
hlhflrö`
Auhfo
GHFJ@[üO KH
GJA[H@EGEHA[ü
j'
>3
>6
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 64/150
&
nnesùnne/'t
HLHf[Sùt{rfJ
bÊstf*
t}tou$[StJL
pJ,`rn=
E
Jl
fslofjr
u`j
pjrth
khl shr`efo`kuftor kh
tepo
T
u`eko
j
otrj
pjrah
rIw
s*geo**kufl*r
kh tepo
A
khceko
j lj lhy kh
lj
ketusenr`
lss hlhftro`h$ kh
lj
zs`j
t;,lerl`ùh`
j
kereber*j
j
lj
zo`j
nl
sufhkeh`ko
lo
fo`trj res *s`
los
auhfo$
quh
trjtj`
kh
kerebe
rx*
k*
lj zj`r'
T
s
lj A.
$hr`efojkuftor
Vhgefo`üuftor
[epj?
[epo
].{
Nluhfo*goveh`kosh $upornr*h
HlhrÊrj`h*`roveh`kfsh
lecrhgh`eh
Nro`thrj lecrjgh`th
JE h`fo`trjrsh
u`
hlhströ` fj` u`
auhfo
khsjpjrhfh
hl
hlhftr*`
lecrr.,
Hu*
pjsj,
j
otupjr
hl
lubjr
khl
auh"fo
y
por
lo
tj`to
tjgceÅ`
khsjpjrh*h
**t*
ùltego, norgjnekh¡sh
h`
kefaj zj`j,kh
u`eö` u`j hstru*turhhhtjclh
y
`hutrj.
Lj
z*`j
A
quh
*`
$`
pre`fepeo
hrj
`*ut,rj
y
jl
u`¡rlo
j
lj
zs`j N
perrù*
*L**trrl`&&,
fjkj
v&zvj
seh`ko
gês
posetevj,,geh`trjj
qvhljz&`jT
jl
p*rùsr
*u***s.
ss
aj*v
fjkj
v*z
gês
`hbjtevj.
H` to`$hfuh`fej
h`|.l*
ljs zFE`js
N
y
R
jpjrh*& u`&
rlen*r*`*ej
sls
poth`fejl shpjrjkj
p*r
lj zj`j
ù*
u`es` quh
h$
`*utr&,
jlj *ujl
sh
nh
lljgj
<<ttjrrr.r*.
tew
poth`fejlp,
hstj
cjrr*rj
kh
poth`
fejl s*
spo`h
*
lj
l*9y
khlj
kenu*eö`
yj
qu*
*E
p*tt*`fejl
posetevo
frhjko
h` lj
zhnej nk
r*p*t*
j
l**
neuhfos
quh
hh jfsrsj¡t
ùh
R
'y
*l
p*l*`*rjl
`hbjtevo
k*ljzh`jT
rhphl*
j
los
hlr,ftrr.`hs kh
ljz*`j$.
n-luhfos r`oyeh`kosh
lecrh$h`th
GÅFJn{|FV
KH G.;@[HN{nne¡HV[O
neJ
"
j
>6
&4
&>)
D1
+
.
+
5
#nr
*s
$#
&&
4&
{*#
,
E
E
E
E
t
l.
E
l¡
ea
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 65/150
H[HF[SÖ@|FJ
CJ$GJ
@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
ú
#tuJ`
FEeokoj shglfo`kuftorhn
$o`
kesposetevof
hlhftrå`efos
no``jko
por
lj
u`eå`
kh
u`
gjthrejl
shr`efo`kuftor
khl
tepo
N
fs`
otro
khl tepo
t{
y
teh`h
sogo
fjrjfthrnstefjs
hl kh onrhfhr
u`j c*ij
rhhest*`fej
jl
pjso
kh
lj
g`eh`th
h` u`
sh`teko
y
u`j
jltj
rhsesth`fej
jl
pjso
kh
lj
r`etgj
h` hl
sh`teko
fo`trjreo.
j.
Toljrlujflö`
Kerufa
X`s u`eö`
T
-
t{ o
l{T sh kefs
quh
hstê
poljrezjkj
kerhftjr`h`th fuj`ko sh
lh
jplefj
u`
poth`fejl `hbjtevo
j lj
zo`j
A y
posetlvo
j
lj
zj`*?.
Lj
th`seö` kh
lj
nuh`th
nnhj
u`
fjgpo hlåftrefo
h` hl sh`teko
kh
lj
forreh`th
khl
r`êh
j]
r`h`os
opo`e*`kosh
jl fjr`po
e`Ihgo
{cjrrhrj
kh
pjth`fejl},
klsge`uyh`ko
hl
pjth`fejl
hxesth` h`
lj
cjrrhrj. $e
l*
th`seå` kh
nuh`th sebuh
jugh`tjko
tlhbjrj hl r`ogh`to
h`
buh
$uphrjr*
jlpoth`fejl
hxe*th h`
lj
u`eö`
y
for`h`zjrê
u`j
ferfuljfeö` kh hlhftro`hs
kh
lj
zFE`jl'l
j
lj
xFE`j?,
onrhfeh`ko
u`j
cjej
rh
esth`fej
jl
psso
kh
fo`eh`th.
H`to`fhs
hs üuj`ko
sh
kefh
belj
hl keoko
hstê
h`
poljrezjfeå`
kerhftj.
Vhge¡o`kuf{or
nepo T
Nlulo
kh
hlhkro`ht
c. Tfljrlzjflö`
l`v*`¡j
$e
sh
e`vehrth lj
poljrekjk
kh
lj
cjthrnj, hl fjr`po hlåftrefo
frhjko
por
hstê shrê khl
gesgo
sh`te
o
bus
hl khl
fjgpo
e`thr`o
y
vçh`j
j
rhnorzsr
su
jffeö`.
lj cjrrjrj kh
poth`fejl
hs
gês
egportj`th,
sl
hspssorkh
tj
zo`j `hutrj
jur`h`tj"
loj hlhftro`h$ lecrh$ kh
lj rhbeö`
A
`o
puhkh`
pj$jr
j
lj
rhben`
T, lj
u`eö` `o khij
pj$jr prêftefjgh`th
j$u`j
fo`eh`t*
prhsh`tj`ko
u`j
brj`
rhsesth`fej
jl
pjso
kp
lj
foreh`th
y
h`to`fhs sh
kefh
quh
hlkeoko
sh
h`fuh`trj
h`
poljresjfeö`
e`vhrsj.
Vsgefo`kukor
tepo
A
fjw
cj`hlrj
GHFJ@EFO KH
GJA[HAEüE |HA[O
j'
>;
>8
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 66/150
HLHH[ntÖ?E}{, T, $
E\*Eü
J
E
['
$
XV[S
E aL.
?JS[ H
E
G
R
Fjpj
ttj`*r`
*¿ww*tluù`r
*c'E"
w@
ül;o
;j
hl*üro`h*
{*
t,
l¿
Etr
l¡
n'l
El
,r
,:
lr9l
tl
'tE
ly
#
Nlueo
üo
hl**@-ro`hs
9l
rùg
ln"
-
.;..-*
,l
ltls*
tsege`jlhs
nuhl
kersk*
shr`e*ü`üu*t*rsh
lhs
reh`*r`e`j
*`rtrej
y
fjl.*rlü',
*l
jr*tskj
** hl
l`rrr'e`jl
quh
s*t& h,`
t*`tjüt*
**`
*l
r`jl*re`l
R
y
*êt*r\o
{R}*s
jl
t*rge`jl
rryj
*net&
h`
üü`t&üt*
h`` hl gjt9hrejl R .
neh¡`eut`rIur=tor
[r¡t* nt
/r¡tttkj
#*¡`efo`$tttI*r
[epo
@.
{Ialf*o
Gn.*hnü*k)
*n.
tr'kn",l;[*?êllùtl?jR:ü
>nr
'>8
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 67/150
*
sÇuJ`
HLHf[Sö@tfJ
hÊslfS [@KXV[SEJL
pJS[H
E
[epos kh Keokos
Keoko Shftenefjkor.
e
Keoko
Yh`hr.
Keoko[u`hlP
q
Keoko
^jrefjp.
Notokeoko.
Keoko
Lug
e`esfh`th(LH K).
Keoko
$faofmlhy"
Keoko
Vfaottmy
Hl
Keoko Shftenefjkor
Hs
hl
keoko utelezjko pjrj
lj
rhftenefjfeö`
kh
lj
forreh`th jlthr`j ju`quh
tjgceå`
pu":"
utelezjrsh
h`
khthffeö`
kh
shújlhs
y
fo`gutjfeö`.
$lgcolo
Hl
treê`bulo
h` hl
sçgcolo
kh fo`hxeö` segcolezj
lj
zo`j
T
y
lj
rjyj
trj`svhrsjl
lj
zo`j
kh
tepo
@,
Hs
phf
enl
fjfeo`hs
tåf
`efjs
Hs
guy
egportj`th
hl
fo`ofhr
y
rhfo`ofhr
u`
keoko
rhftenefjkor
por
sus
hsphfenefjfeo`hs
fuj`ko
sh
quehrh
rhpjrjr
o
keshújr
ferfuetos
fo`
keokos.
Ljs
pre`fepjlhs
hsphfenefjfeo`hs khl
keoko rhftenefjkor
so`9
-
Gêxegj
e`th`sekjk
h`
kerhfto.(lo)
-
Gêxegj
th`seö`
h`
e`vhrso,
(TS^)
$çgcolos
kh
ljs
kh`oge`jfeo`hs
gês
usujlhs
Hxesth` kh`oge`jfeo`hs
y
sçgcolos pjrj rhfo`ofhr
ljs
kevhrsjs fjrjfthrçstefjs khl
keoko rhftenefjkor,
h`trh
hlljs
pokhgos
fetjr9
Fo`eh`th
h`
kerhfto
(lk)=
(en),
Forreh`th
h` e`vhrso
(l¡)=
(lü
[h`seö`
h`
kerhfto
(Xk)=
Xn,
^n, ^k
[h`seö`
h`
e`vhrso
Xe=
Xr= ^e,
^r
[h`seö`
Yh`hr
Xz9^z
Forreh`np
e`vhrsj
kh
sjturjfeö`
ls
[h`seÅ`
kh ugcrjl
Xo=
^o
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 68/150
HLHF[neÖ@EFJ CJVÇFJ
E@[}XV[SEJL
TJS[H E
kú%
nnenuJ`
F
urvj
kh
fjrjfthrçstefjs
Hl
keoko rhftenefjkor
shgefo`kuftor
fogo
tokos
los
keokfs
teh`h
fsrjfthrçstefjs
kerhftjs
h
e`vhrsjs
quh puhkh` brjnefjrsh
h`
hl
preghr
y
thrfhr
fujkrj`th
kh u`
plj`o
fjrthsej`o
h`
hllj sh e`kefj lj e`th`sekjk
kh
lj
fsrreh`ts
quh
ferfulj
por
*l
keoko
h`
nu`feö`
kh lj th`seö`
jplefjkj j
$u$ thrr`e`jlhs,
ruj`ko
sh
jugh`tj
ls
th`se* `
kerhftj
jugh`tj
rêpekjgh`th
lj
e`th`seksk
kh Ej forreh`th
kerhftj.
@o
ocstj`th lj
forreh`th
`o
khch socrhpjsjr
u`j
khthrr`e`jkj
e`th`sekjk,
puhs
fjso fo`trjres
hlkesko
sh
k*tsre*rj,
X, ^olteos
furvjs
kh
jjrjfthrçstefjs
kh keokos
kh
selefeo
y bhrgj`ej.
lI,
^olteos
GHFJ@EFO
OH
GJ@[HA¡GE[@[O
j'
>2
>C
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 69/150
HLHf[SÖ@EFJ
@JV@@
EA@XV[SEqE TJS[H E
,.t
tr@¡tr[
:
Keokos shgefo`kustorhs
Tropljkjkhs
fjrjfthrnstefjs
ks
keokos
kh Ve,
Bh
y
$h
H`
lj üjclj
sh
aj`
iu`üjko y
for`pjrjko
lo*
kjtos
kh
ljj
kh
ljs
propehkjkhs
fjrjfthrnstlfjr
kh tos
keokos
kh
sltefeo,
bhrgj`eo
y
shlh`es.
Los
keokss
kh
shlh`eo
nuhro`
guy kenu`kekos
j`threo``h`th,
phro
h` hstos knjs so`
utelezjksh sålo
for`o
rhftenefjkorhs
h`
fj
rbjkorhs.
[h`seö`
kh
Xr;lrjl
X,
Gêxegj th`$tö`
e`rhrsj
Xr-.
Gêxegj
kh`sÇljk
kh
fo`çh`th
phrgereclh
kh
lj
fjpj
shgaorkgtorj
Fo`eh`th
e`vhrsj
l*
Gêxegj thgphrjür`j
kh
nj
eu`turj
$r*,
Khph`kh`fej
kh
G`phrjturê
kh
lj
fo`eh`c
e`vhrsj
Toth`fej
kh
pêrkekj
ph``esecc
Tror*.,
No``j
kh
lj furvj
fjrjfthrnstefj
Jpllfjfmr`hs
4.8v-4.1v
14v-n844v
los^
nnen
8
`J-
844 `J
{84'f
-
344
"f
Vh kupllfj
fo` ul
jugh`to
kh
b
M
kh
tjgph`jturj
Jlt¡
{khceko
j lj
gêh
jntj
thgphrjturj
kh
eu`turj)
tr
Shkeúfjfeö`
kh
toko
üpo h`
ophrjfeö`
kh
fo`gutjfeö`
4.3v-4,;v
;4v
-
:44
v
8OJ/fr`'
:4
¡tJ
-
844
¡rJ
244f-54"f
Vh
kuplefj g` u`
jugh`to
kh
l4
M
ks
üsgphrjalrh
Troghkeo
Sjf*enefjfeö`
h`
AN
4.>
v
34^-64^por
pljfj
4.:
atfgt
:44
¡rJ
-
84FE
pJ
>44f
-
14
"f
$h
kuplefj
fo` u`
jugh`üo ks
8
M
kh
thgphrjturj
Troghkeo
Shftenefjfeö`
kh
sesthg
js
kh
poth`fej
GHFJ@E[O
KH
GJA[HAEGEH@[O
j'
Tropehkjkhs
fjgkortstefjskh
keokos kh Ve, Bh
y
$h
>1
s5
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 70/150
HLHF[
`tln''
E
F
J n6
a$l{9,
J tt{ù
L'
#[
Sl
mt
_
p
@;[
r"
E
G
RnneR@
:
.6
*e*r\**
r**tener9jrI*r*s,n
;* **`*t*tj*,e*`
**wçb`jwe{`yh
ü*
ùe*serw
.
Njrj lj kh*eb`*.*eö`
kh tepos k*
s*ge**`q'l**tür*ü,
:,*s
njcre*j`th*
*ur*ph*h,
jtlltzj`
nnejyb`u:b`t* lj
**ùene*j*ert`
<'.Nnt,ü
*L`*[nttI@w,
geh`trj*
quh
l**. tj?sre*j`l**
jgwre*j`tnne
y
ljp*rr*s**
u#j`
lj *,oketer=jje*`
fq',lUüêZ0t.
nn.`
jnnec*s
ü&"$j?Ê
sw
tsrrele¿j`
lhtrj*
y
`*g*r**.
&e` hgUs*tbtr,
ütlt`ü
nneu*ttos
tep**
ù*
keoùjb
terl`h` reeg*`*ç*rw*
`tLey
p*r{u**j#,
let
er`pr**ertrz
ù*
l`s lhlrj*
y
`*g#rü&
s*crh
lj
f{rysulj
hs
e`*tteLj?* .*`t*`l*
`tuy
pxr;u*`j
y
Rtar
h*``eb*e*r*h
;* ùtnç*el
Eh*twrj.
n',rIhr`et*
*l
phlebr*
;*
c*rr*ù*
y
;h
r=*r$uxçest:
H%
r`v'n
br*`ù*.
?*r
**tj*
nnet``**,
a*y
**
t{çj,
l*s
rle*rI**
putyu*nejh
;*t
*ujlq*ç*r
tep* s*
l**
ekj`{l{efj r`vfajs
v*t
*s
`*
h*` ljtrjs
y
`esr`*r*s
*e`*
***
j`ell*nr,
;w
*ül*r
**,
ri*
lu
ge*r`j
turr``
qw*
lj,*
r
sxt*t*,`r=ejs
.
R h
*e>*j*e&`
*
*
H{t`
IRnneR*
L`
*jkelt*úre*`
I*``n
pnne`
ùer¡rt**
**`*esls kj u`j
**r`ce`jr,¡*` rIw ¿t2
lùw
y
ùnth,
fetrg
k*
vu*lr*
ùçbet*j, Lje`rlejjr=e*`cêr,erj
fHe
t;*
e*ketjl*pr***`r,ejt\h
u`j u`e*`
u^tùw.
Lur=H¿*
*ebuj u`j
*e{rj
ù* *ujtrj *çbet**l*
tu`l
**tÅt
egpr*r,j
**?¿r* lj
*{*yt*tsIj
*
e`üetç*
p*r
,=`*üe*
;* j`elmr`
k*
f*nter*s. Ål
pregr.r
j`ell*
rI*
**l*r
*e*gpr*
teh`r*
*l
rloclt*
tes¿
u`*a*
qur*
l**
tr**
*tbtte*rù**.
#*t* ç`rls*`
jl
rztt%g*
te*g¡"t*
*l
t*rgç`jl
:6*
*{¡t*k* te*l
r}nutù*.
av,e`L*
l`
r`esgj l*
*qrrhljfeù`
*`trh
lr=*
**lFErh*'
lu*
kehz
*çHetrs*
*#g$
*l
**rIeb* ù`
**msrh*
nt'&(&,
rh*t*t*`*ej*9
lùhbr*
#
Fjn*
:
nt*itt
?.
lùjr``e`
6
Jgjrellr"
;
\,/*nrIR
aC-ul
^e*l*L*
*res
lVlj`r9`
`
r,)
{P'=
2
*
b
Lj
*hsrb`jr=e*`
;*l ree*rIr*
ù*
nee
ü*l
ttp*
't\ù./&[ùr&,
üLtyü*
üut**
t9?tt&*n*rçxt=brts
yj
*`lab
t`ker9jkr¡
* *t:
l* le=V
,
:
,;3
,
ne&
rrl,tt¡hwtr
j **
tj
ne,>
.
LJ[
"
[}**eb`jreö`
pjr
**lorh,x
ühl
rIe*rl'e¡
k*
5e
:lt¿q:;&
**b{g IJ*c,`
*'*xr
b`**,er*
`
**
b*`
? RR
nneLRnne[
R*Uù
L* *,*tÇe{z*jr'e,t`
jIU*tr"*t*
ter9`* une
ütnne'`
er
*rs`v*`ep¡`lh,
qu*
lj
r}**eb`h*etsrt
;*l
üe*ùt}
rrr}
;j
`e`bu`j
e`f,e*,g*ert`
**cr*
*l
ntep*
y p*'st}rele$jrL*s
tl*
*telezjr9e*r¡
ù*l
r**y,st*Ltt¿* r¡ersrI*.
?'*r
*l
*rs`\rgrr#,
#&{E
tj
**rIene*j*e*rt
*,?:2{.W.
n"Ln.ü[nt#tL`
lr*.*,
tep**
t\*
ùersrl*
s*
kenhrj`*ej`
g'&s.
Lj
prer**rj
l*erj
t`rle*`
*l
'gjtsre*l
s*ge**`k¿,t*t*r"
Lg
&&ner¿sri>
l*trrs
e`ùe*`
lj
nu`r,çtt`
Vsre`*epjl
'b
*vw`t"wjlg*`t*
**
*`j**rat& tl`h
t*rr=srj
lr¡lrr*,
l*
*u`l
trtrIer=u
s99
6,,_U696*9_,_.,*.
tve#ü
l+l"tl
ü
#
ünr. ?ù
n,,lù'['
m?{rn,ü*Ul
:,
*
j"
e*; bt",s
E
tI
\\
Jb69tEt
E
;
,//
,"t,?rÇenú
t9.jre9
tt
J
't.
>5
2ü
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 71/150
Hlbfrnröa`fJ
jÊs`* EAKXV[AEJL
pJS[H
E
IJ[
HH[[EJ@
: üeokosshgefo`kuftorhs
H`
lj
khseb`jfeö`
kh keoks*
shbù`
fTSOHLHF[SO@[,
lj
:rj.
kh
e`norgjfeö` socrh hl
g
jthrej
E
shg
efo `k
ufto
r9
nl
*
bsrr`j`eo
C
x
helefeo
Lj akj.
lhtrj
k
hsfrech khtjlljkj
g h`th
lj nu
`feö`
pre`
fepjl
9
nt7
b€resrjlgh`th
pjrjlj
rhftenefjfeö`
khphquhúj shújl= keoko kh
fo`gutjfeö`
C
x
keoko kh
fjpjfetj`fej
vjrejclh
(vjrefjp)
H
*
keoko
tù`hl
B
7
kloko kh
osfeljfeö`
pjrj
lj
utelezjfeö`
hne
AN
{jltj
nrhfuh`fej}
A
*
kejko
quh
rhspo`kh j
u`
fjr`po
gjb`Åtefo
Q
*
keoko gulteplefjkor
U
*
ke*ko
kh
poth`fej
pjrjrhftenefjkorhs
kh sesthr`j$
kh
poth`fej
6
*
keokjYh`hr=keoks
kh
rhnhrh`fej
Lj 6rj.
lhtrj
sh utelezj
pjrj
lj
e`keojheö` kh tepos foghrfejlhs.
Jquç
sh
utelezj`
pre`fepjlgh`th
ljs
lhtrjs
Q
hQ
jse fogothgceå`
Y.
Los
tepos shtê`kjr kh keokos teh`h` u`j khseb`jfeö` qüs fo`sesth
kh
kos lhtrjs
y
kos
fenrjs.
geh`trjs
quh
ljs
tepo*
kh
keokos
kh uso
foghrfejl
teh`s` trhs lhtrjh
y
kos fenrjs"
Ljs
lhtrjs
y
`ùr`hros
sh
egprer`h` socrh
lj
fêpoulj
o
hstê`
e`kefjkÅ$
psr
u`
f$kebo
kh
j`ellss
kh folorhs
hhbù`
lj ljclj. Hl
prer`hro
y
hl shbu`ko
j`ellj
kh
fotor *j` kh
ksclh
j`hao
y
jkhgêb
e`kefj` hl
tj``e`jlkhlfêtoko,
Cj`kjs
kh
folor ¡`hajs
l¡h
lkj ljtrjs
6erj
lhtrj
Nj`k`s
kh
holhr
&lbjkjs
Aùghros
ùjt*
*
JJ
Clj`fo
*Y
Coer71J
Bres
*l
@hbro
x/,
Jz.ul
*$
^hrkh
*$
Jgjrello*[
@jrj`ejh$
@hbro
7FE
*jl*
s{
S
oio
jl
Eljrj`ej76
Jr`jrello7;
^jrkh
*$
J¡ul
7$
^çolhlj
*n
Bres
*$
Clj`fo
*5
Fk*tbskh
gcrhs
bjr
ljkhheb`jfçV
` üj
ùùssshbü`
sTS4
HebFn`O¡¡
o
¡/tHüJnellt4 4H
rüJll[H@lGlHal[O
j'
2J
2:
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 72/150
nne
wsùnnenne
rlr.fr`å¡¡rtJ
bÊb`¿
rtrr`u$[`wL
N@[S[*
E
Oehk*s r*sten*xjùjrhrs
y
ùh
*s`swjtj,*l*`,
LjNçb"
r`uhstrj &*g*hi*gplo ljü**çb`jfeö`
p*rfolorhs$hlü*j
*Rç*{*6.ne*trjtj;*
u
`
kloks
kh
$e
{
: rj. l-htrj 1}
p*r*
r*f,len.e*j*eo`
ù*
p*qul*'*j9*
**nrjlws
ü
pnneh
tr**ji*x
*w
fo`r`utjfeå`
l?kj.L**rjal,ü&g*tepjf*`th'r*,ej$Vr*
LhtrjUi,r9*``¡lrlwr*#s**re*ne&"
/ l\o
bres
clj`**
`exj`ij
ttt
U*6
`hsrhljfej`
pjr
fkorhs
ùhl
ünne
*@{*6
ryu`
l`
fù'rnrfwe&`
qTntr9'
HL&*'[ntçIl?t*
Njrj
keokos
**g*roejlh,*
kh $e, ajy l*rl*vçjlj
p*secetçkjk
kh
qu*
lj
**g*e`j*r*rt
üw
lj*
lhtrjh
sh e`kefj`
pür
hl fol*r khlj *`volturj. n=`to`fhs
hs
v*aù*9
vhrks
sljro*
VJ^
jzulfljr*
xnnenne
`*bU*
**JQ
Al sebuef`th
`ùg
hr* kh
h*`*
ss
e`klf
&
`*rr`hlgh`th
p*r
j`*ltfrs kh
**trrsr*,*"
U,.l
Vtr*g*r
j`ellj
j`fas
&h
*`üuh`trj
*`
sl
ljùj
ùhl
`&l*ks
khn
ùesrlo"
Lj
ntb.
e`kt*j
*`
xiw`tp ',*
t6*
hsth tepo
flh
f`kçnlf*
*e`*
pjrh
u`
rLe*rl* nneaU
#^.
P
E
E
r*ij
E
E
¿
neh*eb`jhe*`
p*r
**lsrh
*l keoù* CRnr?
[jr`ce*`
s*
h`fo `trjrj`kepkf*
**`
ù`& ù*xe
`*$*`.qu*
v*rç*
k*
Etts
r6**
se*t*r`*x
kh
foktle*j*ert`
g*`*e*`jkosP
asç, mt*
j`çll** &s
**l*r**
pu*k*`
t*`sr
t`kos
*l gesg*
j`n.as
,
phro
hstê `
*ljrj,g*`th
seleus**&
*
u `
hxtrh g*
ü*l
ke*üs
, *"rttr¡*sws
**tu wxtrwg*
hs
hl
ljùn
ù*l
fneet*ko. ̀ rufajs
rrhn,*$
hsth
lj,$*
*xt*
gjr*jk*
tjr`*eù*`
p*{
9ut
pu`t*
kh
fsl*r
* fü` ljegprhslö`
k*, v` sçrxa*l* ;j
ree*rI*
"
GAüJAeFV
üA GJnlnnü@l`Jln=al[ü
rz
o
2:
r*e*
t
&J
,/
xzul
`ljrp
¡
E
&aw
jzvl
:
#
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 73/150
HLHf[SÙ@E[J
@JVG@
EAKXV[SEJL TJS[H
E
,út
AHn{J@
3444f
l4ü"f 3s'f
-?84f
(votteor)
$4
$4 ;4
64
,
tlz
t4
E
>
;
3
34
:4
-s**---¿
Lj thr`phrjturj jnhftj
vertujlgh`th
tokjs ljs
fjrjfthrnstefj`
kh u` kesposetevo
shgefo`kuftor seh`ko
u`j
üo`$¡ksrjfeö` guy egportj`th
h` hl
keshúo
o
j`êleses
kh
sesthgjs
hlhftÅ`eto$.
GÅFJA lFO
KH
GJA[HAEGEHE.E[ü
j'
23
26
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 74/150
rL8{=[nt$@lr,a nnea#tüa
t¡¡tlrI$[Stat_
pm`[r9,
E
nneL *rnne*t
lt[
*
wnneü[rv
r*
ag#w
**`**p*w
Nr,etttesjgr*`l*
l*t{*slhe*
hqul
p**
hl*ttr*`¡r,**
rzh***etj`,
t`'tj
luwpt`
ùw
jler`*`tgr,e*rt
rir*
tjrre*`t*
*r=t*erwj
üjrj
p*ù*r
nu`*e*`ur.
tr` *ç*ljr`&s
p*rlêtelh*
ù*
puqu*ttj
p*lw`r9ej
pu*k*`
utelez.jr*s
cjlr¡rçjs.
$l`
*r`cjrb*
*nt
lj
r`jy*rçj
ù*
l*x
*jx**
*l
*eru,¡eLrs
ul**trö`e**
r*r=ets*
*,`*rbçj
*h
*`
*|nt"*Xl[* nt"trü[lUl*n,,#ünt.,
qu*
*s l=t
t`ùkjrI
e`thbrjr.,t*
rl*l
{Çr;¿r,n}L}
qu*
*,*`ve*rt*
tj
n*rgj
k*
rs*re*
jlth¡r`j ;h
R¡ r*rl
t`ùu*t"rejl
*` t*`te`uh
"
üEgxeterjfe#g
L*s *err¡setjs
rh*ene*jùorss
$h
*ljsene*j`
&`',
9
nt.**ü{e*jkrsr
r`o`onjser=*
rew
g*ùej
j`kj
9
nthftete*j';*r
go`*na*e**
ü*
*`rIj
f*r`plxt*
9
Ç:"**tete*`r6*r
r`*`*nj*er*
*`
puhgth,
# Çr
*,
+*etb=
R * `*t
e**e*
j ù*
t&s
q6
e
j # `ùj
nn"*t*
*ertuel*
&* fjpjz
k*
r=*`v*r\er
u`&, *`rej rtr*
wrùr*,,Ij
jllhr `j
s*`*ekjl,
*tty* v*l*r rr9`*eo
1s
thrt6,
h` u`j
*`üj
j`ekers*feo`jl
{ju`quh
`ü
s$`stj`th}
fne`
ü` vjmx
wtsùe*
ùr*te`t*
¡Ih
ü*r*-
nn`
l*
*ebuej`lw
neburj
s*
teq`*
lj
h*lru*turj ùs
*` *erfuet* r**lete*jù`r
w*ç
*rsg*
*l
[rj`snr,rgjrlfr
üebt*,r*¿j
r*t9,le.ler=j.k*r
U.`vqlturj
elh
u`
*,ugçtj
rt&eter9jk*r
n
:s*leteüjùrtrnn
x9`sl''e.rr=.er.9",I¿Ir¿`*rlej<e`kj
^"*,*l
*er*uen.rs
r*,*tenrjjri*t
ü*
rt¡sùej
r¡`rI&,
sr@ lg
rrzetjoI
ne*`et.ru¡j
kr*l
*er9l*
ù*
G¿the*rt
u**u`üj.re,j
&l ùe*ù*
`w
ltrsljrez,j
ùer*re,,jrut*`L*
p&rh
t*rej*
l**
t*,b,ee*`**
e`¡,Ljptêt:*&*
{`e`U
#h*
r,Ç
*
lg
.
m*`*trtrt r6*
ugar
jl
rl*l
'*tz`gu¿
l#,&^
j
#,2 ^
rpjrj
rie*ti,*w
;*
,nee
`l
*,nr,r,/
j
nI
,&
^
nlhrf
tIertr|*x
rI*
#*).
lùn* T'@
l*{6
{6*
**l
ne^'{
*t
&llùrat.r{n
{}
'v
2;
.'2?)
EI
ruR**t.
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 75/150
IJt
HHÇXJ@
HLHf[Sö@rtJ
rÊs``
E@KX$[S[JL
pJS[H
r
Hsts
prokufh
u`j
th`heö`
fjse
lj
getjk
kh u`j
``k* hh`olkjlh`
lj
rhhesth`fljs
k* fjrbj.
Njrjser`plenef
jr ljhxplefjfeù`
sh
usj
lj
jeroxegjfeö`
khl keoko ekhjt.
Hl
vjlor
pefo
ùh
lj th`hçù` rhftenefjk
j hs
tbujljl vjlor
pefj
kh
lj
th`seö` shfü`kjrej.
H` hl
preghr
ghkeo
*eflo,
jlthr`j`fej
posetevj=
hl keoko
sh
h`fuh`trj
poljrezjkj
h`
kerhfto
y
lj
forreh`th
pjsj por
ål
prhoh`tê`koss
h`
lj
fjrbj u`j ssújl
kh
vjnor
ebujl
j
X,.
l
:I**
t
t*
$hbu`ko ghkeo feflo jlthr`j`fej
`hbjtevj
khlkesko $h
h`ouh`trj
p*ljrezjks
h`
e`vhrso
y
`o
ajy
pj$o
kh
forreh`th
por*l
pjr
lo
tj`to
lj th`seö`
h` lj fjrbj
shrê
fhro"
t
j rjhth rlstefjh
[åf`efjs
Ljs
fjrjflhrnstçfjs
tåf`efjs h`
los ferfuet`s
rhftenefjkorhs
hhtê`
kjkjs
por
ljs
fjrjftbrehtefjs
kh ljs
shújlh*
kh
h`trjkj
y
hjlekj, jsç
fur`o
kh
sus fügpo`h`ths.
Hlvjesrkh
tj ts`seo`
gjkej
$e
sh
khsprhfej
lj
fjçkj
kh
th`seö`
*` ut keoko,
hl
proghkeo
kh lj
shújl
kh
ghkej
o`kj
shrê9
Xo
*
c
o
tjr`aeå` ss
puhkh
hxprhsj
fogo9
Xo7 4,6:1
x
X**`,,
tn
€` hsth
brênefo puhkh
`otjrsh
hl
ferfueto rhftenefjkor
y'lss
norgjs
kh ljs
shújlhs
jlthr`js
y
fo`te`ujs
forrh$pf`keh`ths
jl
ferfueto.
G[[J¡{ EFJ
@Å
GJ}.¡[H}EEGEHneE[O
j'
S
l-
{
:"
{
2;
2V
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 76/150
[LHF[SÖ@nneJ
jÊslf` E¡[pXV[SEqL
NJ`[`
E
&
nnennen?
E*
N"{
to`eh`th
`or`e`jl
khl
kefko
Fo`oüeh`ko
lj
norgulj
pjrj
fjlfuljr
Ej
th`seê`
fo`te`uj
#`
lj
fjrbj
{X*}
y
je *h
*$`*sh lj
Shsesth`feêkhfjrbj{Sr},
hh
puhkh fjlfulj rlj
t*rreh`th
kh
fjrbjlo
For`o
sh
sjch u`j
kh
ljs
fjrjfthrçstefjs khlkeoko
r*ftene*jkor
hs
lo,
h$to e`krfjlj
*j`lekjrl
kh
forreh`th
fo`te`uj
quh puhkh
ss`*u*er hl
keFEko=
p*r
lj
tj`tf
usj`ks
ss keshú
ê
çI`
flrfueto tjftenejjk*r
*hkhch
fo`üohr
*lvjlor
ko loo
p&rj
kwthrge`jr
hl lo
khl kç`rWf
* utelezjr.
Hihr`plo9
$e lj
ajej
kh
kjtos
khl
ke`k * :@;OJ;
ke*h
E
J=
seh`
k* lj
t*`*e*`
kh
tj
njh,`t*
lI
o
ü*
:4
^
y
lj
rhsesth`fej
kh
lj
tj{bj
reh
:1
n¡,
sh
th`kr'êu`jl*rlh
4,8V;.
H:
**th f*so
hl
keoko
:@;4ü;
puhkh
u$jrsh
sç`
proclhgjs
puhoto
quh
su$
**rre*`th
`*`te`jllo
{'l&}
h*
gjy`r
quh
:,".
[j`seù` e`vhrsj kh peho
ùhl
keoùrr
lThtü
Hl
brênefo
sebueh`th,
guhstrj
u`
ferfulto rhhtenefj
k`r
khghkej
*`kjh`
hl
xupu>6*l*e`* j`t*
kh
quh
lj
th`seÖ`
khl
shfu`ksreo
khl
trj`sn*r
gjkor
jlfj`zj
*u
pe**
`*bjtev>
gêtxeg¡..
ü`
hsth e`stj`ts
`o
hxÇsth
th`seö`
h` lj
shr#h ù*cerl*
j
qu*
hstê
p,oljrezjürs
e`vhrsjr`*rù*.
`
AFJE{EFü
KH
GJA
nn=},llne¿'`@[ü
2&
j"
28
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 77/150
HLHF[SÖAEfJ
bJVrf@
E@OXV[@@L
TJS[N
E
,t
#A¡G
ü.
}-
"l
4"
7
Xo*
Tjrj
quh
$h
fur`plj
tj lhy kj
Merfaone
rhnhrh`th j ljs th`sÇo`h$, lj
th`seö`
khl shfu`kjres
jpjrhfhrê
h`
los
hxtrhgoh
khn
keoko
fogo
$h
e`kefj.
Hstj th`seå`
e`vhrhj
kh
pefo
{TS^}.
'
Tjrj hvet¡jr hl
pu`to
kh
rupturj,
lj th`seö`
e`vhrsj
kh
pefo
khch
sjr gs`or
qus
hl TS^
`or`e`jl khl keoko.
Hihgplo
se
lj
th`seå`
e`vhrsj
kh
pefo
hs kh lV4
voltlos
hl
keoko
khch
th`hr
u`
TS^
`oge`jl
suphreor
j
:>4 volteos.
GÅFJr-¡rfO
KH
GJA[HAEeneH@[O
22
'-
2>
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 78/150
_ _
G
Rnne
HL.tr *[
N,*@rü
J
`
Js
t
f¿ r n"¡ K
t-,
srS
t,
aL .
v
ar.;[
y-
E
gLü&#tt*nne#*#pw|
EcêUR#g^#*t*R
,
HE
***el*s**peo
**
lt'&*efjr`h*t* u`
kexpjseaevrt
kj
ve*ujlezg*e*`
brê$.efj
qù#
{:ru*strj
,h*neul**
*l*r=tre*,jx'¡jre*cl**
h` *lte*``=trs. nrl `e*
v*rle$&;,
j
p`rter
k*
jlzrtrj
ü*`*r`ç`jrlrsU, r*pr*.*w`tj
*l
v*ltjir,
ger,`tru*
qwr*
*l hexa*`z``tjl, ù*`*gt**rç*A,rhpr*neh`t*
hlte*gytuP
¿>I.u,#
p`ùh'g**aj`hr
nr&nt
u`
`**elr****pe*?,
{6a*er=*r`h`ts
*st*'9
¿9l
*jt*rge`jr
ker**tjgb,`ts,
hl
phre*ü*y
*lv*ltji* üj u`jssntjl"
,tN
ü*t*rr`e`
jr
e`ùethutur`h`th
lj
n
r
s
*u
h`jej ù
*
u
`j *hnr
jl
"
¿ e' Fshlhrr`e`hr
qu*
pjrl*
k*
lj
**nejl **
ü*
y
f,*jl
a{}
"
,,.N
L*f,jlezur
jv*rejs
&`
une
ferfuet*.
."=e
?{t*ker
lw
ljs*
*`lrh
reqr*
shtejlhr.,
,/t #*turger"trÊr
qe.i* pjrth
k* lj
*jntjl **
r*ek*
y
*ùnrtr)'qjrej
**t*
*`
wl
te*r`p*
"
L**
***e:***,*y*e*s
%tett
res
l*.*
*`jlrunnerl`{j*
¡ztt*s
v*r*e*elrl*
têuh
*xe`l**`
y
l*
utele'r-j`
rÊ**,¡mh
t**`e*os
ù*
r*Vtjrj*e*`
k*
n.wl*vesrtrhs
'j
ghrIefj*.
Xrz
``*el**t*rpe*
pu*rlh
*shker
unt
ürh`
`esrrt*r*
r)*
nh`crylh`**,
ptrweü.*
ri*l
trj`s,reu*trsr jù**ujùj
{u`
*l*r`'*¡tltt
tlut}
*r*rwt*rt&
L}t`çj
r`jb`elure
nç*e*j
*` x*rt*l
*|,&strer,ji **rê
f&phz.
kh
kjr`*s
sl
vjl*r
rI*
*`p.t
prh*ee9`,
retr`rs
*jrkej**
,
p*t*`r9ej
kw
**`trI*, `whl
**
vecr**e*`*b
*tt, ¡¡¡
jrsH9as,
htfP
[tw#*nnennenne&*tL#nne*nnerrw#
L**
*q*ep**
jl*jtrorter,*s
w*
hEwerV*`
&` rl**, Lep*,*9 &,`jl*r¿e*f,x y
nrebrtr***"
L*rh
prerul#r*#
lrjl=sjej`
**`vjrtjcl*x
**`te`ujs
geh`trh*
quh
lrs*
**b*`rI`s
lsajt*`
**` vjrejl"relh*
ke*jrhtjs.
?
*r
*ehrgplj
ur= trs*j,rtre`**s
*8 u`
hr;ue=t*
j`jl*be*tt
y
u`
Fowtpj*t*es*
*&
\'`
*r;utp*
ùebt'gl.
l*os
**sel*xü*pe**
tjgcek*`
pur,ù*`
$*r
j`jl*befj* o
ktbet*l*s,
L**
ytüg*r**
lrjcjij`
ùer**tjg*`lh
**` lj
*snejl
jplç.*jkg,
h`lj u`çj
v#H
jr*plett*jaj
ri*svçj
tg
aj` rIw
sl**lr*`*&
h`
**`teù*
v*rt¡r=jl
Ryo2ütüe*r¡jlg*`ts
j
.*u
',rjl*r.
#` **`trj*t*
l*s
***el****pe*"v
rlebçtjlrls
t"tt"elexj`
pr*vrjrzt``l*
ur, ü#`v*rs*r
j`jl*be**-üebetjl
{,,@nne}
phnne
rzlgj.`u`jr
kebetjlr**`lr`
lj
*wnegQ
**
h`trjkj,
r*üüttstrzsy*`k*
p**L*re*rgh`th
h*l*e`njrr`j*eù`
*rt,lj
pj`Ljllg.
ar`c** Le¡sr9*
Le*`*`
*us
v*rùjij*
j t`j,r*rw*`ew`thw.
L**
*`jl*be*ft*
`*rt
pr*{hre?slu*
*us`ù*
**
pre*rt?,jre*
veuu`lez.jr
v=¡rejsejr'ux
r&ptrIj*
rer*
lj
x*ne`l
rQ*
h`lrjkj
*`
lt*.r`pj
r*jl.
L**
***el,****pe**
reebet`l**
1h
ulelezj`
*Lt&t:tl* %*
rIhshj
ve**jlezjr
y
j*aùçjr
*vu`L*`
`rl
r*p*@çtev
**
{pe*j*
ù*
tr`se*`
qu&
new
pr*ùut**`
jl`*tjrejr`*`lhl.
*{?w"rN2,;6Lnne*Rg\}y;ü#*l***nne#nneR\# .
'
a
prer`*rj
veslj
u* **r9e\*x**pe*
h*
ühr*r9,tl
& u`ç`
p*tq`*{tj
t"*l*ve*e*` p*rtalel,.xjlv*
wtj
r*irll*
t|u*
ü*upj lj
pjrzejllj
y
*l gjy*r
xur`wr*
k* *,rsr"ùrr.l*s
{Juh
p#***.
nr"`
"j
-jebue*r',:#
nepts¡p
sp
r*pr***`ej*
**trs*
**`trftl*s
kestrçnuutk**
h*
r9erz**
s**se*`hs9
**
^*rte*jl.
*`
?':*rtzrt`t=tl.
*`
l-le*pjr*.
''"
ü*{Etr*l rtr* E` ver=xtjltz.g*çj`
*ürs`**tor*#..
út>nne.eP9r:rÅ==tÊhj==&úet&e-j=e:tu.*;ú,.,..,üq,
h==.tu;qph
tl{l*ne
n\@R,{6
t}N-
lEne
6,:,¿[
L¡./¿laúlacl:"
*
22
2&
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 79/150
HLHf[Sö@rfJ
hÊbf` EAKX$[S[JL
pJS[H
r
r
neÇu¡trE
J'rr¡gSt
nne
€^Å
4
D
t
l`H
jt#
nnes
¡orkelÅ.4->
E
\",**nnltf{tl9
_../
r`rf
Hxr. n
nl_r
JF
jh
r-rN
LN
tE@H
AOnt.Nrr.
nne]
Q-rf1
4
=
[SEDHS
VH[NF?OS
L*
NO*n€`
nnel--rj
V
{n:o`
ne
Dö
tneÅr{b.
Ntrr.ts
€K
E
gU Jtg-
E
.TüV
D
of E*I
slI
D,hnneR,,nneD.$-D
gW/
rr#L
`
=nne
U-po1{
4
*l-l
nn
E*
NXúlFlOAJltlHl,l[O KH
XA
O$hlLO$FFETlO
Tjrs
h`th`khr hl nu`flo`j`reh`to
kh
los
fo`trolhs
buh püshh
u` osfelosfopeo
h$
`hfhsjreo
khth`hrsh
u`
psfo
h` los
profh$os l`thr`os llhvjkos
j fjco por
h*th
jpjrjto.
Hgphz*r&g*b
por
hl tepo
j`jlöbefo
yj
quh
hs
hl
gês
sh`fello.
FEsne L4sfoTtos
J r{J LÖBrfos
Fuj`ko sh
fo`hfts
lj ss`kj
j
u`
ferhueto,
lj
shnejl jtrjvehsj
hstj ùltçgj
y
ss
kerebh j
lj
shffeö`
vhrtefjl.
Khph`keh`ko kh ko`kh
setuhgos
hl
gj`ko
khl jgplenefjkor vhrtefjl
jth`ujrhr`os
lj
shújl ö
lj
jr`plenefjrhr$os.
H`
lj sjlekj
kh hsth
cloquh
yj
sh kespo`h
kh
lj
sun¡feh`th
shnejl
pjrj
jtjfjr
ljs
pljfjs
kh khnlhxlö`
vhrtefêlhs
{quh
`jturjlgh`th
hstê`
h`
posefeö`
aorç¿o`al)
y quh
ko`
ljs
h`fjrbjkjh
kh khsvejr hl
aju
kh
hlhftNo`hs,
quh
surbh
khl
fêtoko
h
egpjftj
h`
ljfjpj
nluorhsfh`th
khl
e`threorkh
lj
pj`tjllj,
hrl sh`teko
vhrtefhl
Ajfej jrrecj
se
lj
th`seö` hs posetevj fo` rhsphfto jl pu`to kh rhnhrh`fej {B@K}
ö
ajfej
jcjeo se
hs
`hbjtevj.
Lj shújl
tjr`ceå`
jtrjvehsj
lj
shffeö` kh kespjro
pjrh
kh
hstj
norgj e`efejr
hl
cjrreko
aorejo`tjl
{hsth
hs
hlh`fjrbjko
kh
gFEvjr hl aj¿ kh
hlhftrorehs
khskh
lj
pjrth
ehquehrkj kh
lj
pj`tjllj
j lj
pjrlh
khrhfaj
h`
u` khthrge`jko
tehr`po).
Hl trjzjko
{rhforreko
kh
ezquehrkj
j
khrhfa*)
sh ff`*ebuh jplefj`ko Ej
pjrt*
jsüh`kh`th
kh u`
klh`th
kh
sehrrj
j
ljs
pljfjs
kh
khnlhxeö`
aore¿o`tjl
{ljs
quh
hstê` h`
posefeö`
vhrtefjl},
y
puhks
shr
rfbuljclh
h`
tehgpo
jftuj`kf
socrê hl gj`ko [EGH-CJ$H. Hl
rhtrjzjko
{rhforreko
kh khrhfaj
j
ezquehrkj}
sh
rhjlezj kh
njrgj
gufao gês rêpekj
fo` lj
pjrlh
khsfh`kh`th
khl
gesrneo keh`th
kh
sehrrj.
GH[J@EFO
KH GJE.[[Hn{EGEH}¡[O
j"
21
2b
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 80/150
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ CÊVEVJ E@KXV[ntÇJL
TJS[Å E
&
nnenuix`
Kh
hstj
norgj
lj jffeÖ`
f
gce`jkj
khl
trjzjko
aorezj`tjl
y
kh
lj
khnlhxeö`
r¡hrtefjl
lrjzj
lj
brênefj
kh lj shújl
h` lj
pj`tjllj,
Lj shffeö`
kh
kehpjrFE
hs
`hfhsjrej
pjrj
hstjcelez
jr
lj*
shújlhs rhphtetevjs
{sh
jshburj
quh
hl
trjzjko
fo`reh`fh
sr}
hl
gesr`j
pu`to
kh
lj
s*újl
rhphtetevj).
H`
lj
sebueh`th neburj
puhkh
ocshrsjrsh
lj gesr`j.shnrjl
h`
trhs
jiusths
flh
kespj
r* kenhrh`ths9
h`
hl
preghro kespjrjkj h` nlj`fo jsfh`kh`th,
h` hl
shbu`ko
se`
kr*ytjr*
y h`
hl
thrfhro
kespjrjkj
h`
nej`fo
khsfh`kh`th.
Ffrgo
fo`fluseÖ`
pjrj
utelezjr
kh
norgj
forhttj
u`
osfelosfope*
j`jljbe**
`hfhsetjgo$
rhjlezjr
trhs jiusth
cêsefos9
.
¿nr
Lj jth`ujfeÖ`
Ö
jr`plene fjfes`
quh
nthfhsltj
lj
shújl.
Xtele¿jr
hl r`jne:o
JGTL
.
pjrj
jiustjr
lj
jgpletuk
kh
Ej
shújl j`ths
kh
quh
jhj
jplefjkj
j ljs
ptjfjs
k*
khnlhxeö`
vhrtefjl.
Fo`vlh`h
quh
lj
hhnrjl
üfuph v`j
pjrth
egp*rtj`th
kh
lj
pj`tjllj
se` llhbjr
j
soc
rhpjsjr
los
lçgeths.
GHüJ@EFFE
üH GJ@"[H@ÇGEH@[O
j"
n'
-'
r-
-
r-
9'
?-
-
t-
*
t-
-
t''' n -
r l'tlnltll¡
r
-n
*I.
-.n-
-
n
-.r-
-
n
-
n-
-
¡t.
-
+
.P
E
r
.rNq\t
t t t
P,ú\"r
E
l
,
25
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 81/150
*
nne@J@
HLHf[SÖ@EFJ HJVrfH
E@KXV[SEJL TJS[H E
n
Lj
cjsh kh tehgpos.
Xtelezjr
hl
gj`ko
[||üEHCJVH
pjrj
jiustjr
lo
quh
rhprhsh`tj
h`
tehr`po
u`j keveseö`
h`
aorezo`tjl
kh lj
pj`tjllj.
Tjrj
shújlhs
rhphtetevjs
hs
fo`vh`eh`th
quh
h`
lj
pj`tjllj
så
puhkj`
ocshrvjr
jproxegjkjgh`th
u`
pjr
kh
feflos.
,n
Kespjro
kh lj
shújl.
Xtelezjr
los gj`kos
[SEBBHS
LH^HL
(`evhl
kh
kespjro)
y
[SEBBHS
VHLHF[OS
(tepo
kh
kespjro)
pjrj
hstjcelezjr
lo ghior
poseclh
shújlhs
rhphtetevjs.
Tor supuhsto,
tjgceå`
khch`
jiustjrsh
los
fo`trolhs
quh
jnhftj`
j
lj
vesujlezjfeö`9
NOFXV
(h`noquh),
E@[H@V.
(e`th`sekjk)
`u`fj hxfhsevj,
U-TOV
(posefeö`
vhrtefjlkhl ajz)
y
Q-TOV
(posefeö`
aorezo`tjlkhl ajz).
Tor
supuhsto, tjgceå`
khch`
jiustjrsh
los
fo`trolhs
quh
jnhftj`
j
lj
vesujlezjfeö`9
NOFXV
(h`noquh),
E@[H@$.
(e`th`sekjk)
`u`fj
hxfhsevj,
U-TOV
(posefeö`
vhrtefjl
khl
ajz)
y
Q-TOV
(posefeö`
aorezo`tjlkhlajz).
osfrlo$foTros
KEBE[JLHV
Los
osfelosfopeos
kebetjlhs
poshh`
jkhgês
kh ljs
shffeo`hs hxplefjkjs j`threorgh`th
u`
sesthgj
jkefeo`jl
kh
profhso
kh
kjtos
quh
phrgeth
jlgjfh`jr
y
vesujlezjr lj
shújl.
E s¡""rr
:
E
guhstrho
E
Illln
jhh
kh
[ehgpoh
GHFJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
14
1:
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 82/150
It
sHÇXJ@
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVEFJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
E
Fuj`ko
sh
fo`hftj
lj
so`kj kh
u`
osfelosfopeo kebetjl
j u`
ferfueto,
lj shffeö`
vhrtefjl
jiustj
lj
jgpletuk
kh lj
shújlkh lj
gesgj
norgj
quh
lo ajfej
hI
osfelosfopeo
j`jlöbefo.
Hl
fo`vhrsor j`jlöbefo-kebetjl
khl
sesthgj
kh
jkquesefeö`
kh kjtos guhstrhj
lj
shújl
j
e`thrvjlos
kh tehgpo
khthrge`jkos
y
fo`vehrtc
lj
shújl kh voltjih
fo`te`uj
h` u`j
shreh
kh
vjlorhs
kebetjlhs lljgjkos
guhstrjs.
H`
lj
shffeö`
aorezo`tjl
u`j
shújl
kh rhloi
khthrge`j
fuj`ko hlfo`vhrsorJ/K
togj
u`j
guhstrj.
Lj
vhlofekjk
kh
hsth rhloish
kh`oge`j vhlofekjk
kh
guhstrho
y
$h
gekh
h`
guhstrjs
por
shbu`ko.
Vhújl rhfo`struekj
fo`
pu`tos
kh guhstrho
vhrofekjk
kh
guhstr-"
L-el-I'L-
Los
vjlorhs
kebetjlhs
guhstrhjkos
sh
jlgjfh`j` h`
u`j ghgorej
fogo
pu`tos
kh
shújl.
Hl
`ùghro
kh
los
pu`tos
kh shújl utelezjkos
pjrj
rhfo`struer
lj
shújlh`
pj`tjllj
sh
kh`oge`j
rhbestro.
Lj
shffeÖ`
kh
kespjro khthrge`j
hl fogeh`zo
y
hl ne`jl
kh los
pu`tos
kh
shújt
h`
hl
rhbestro.
Lj
shffeÖ`
kh
vesujlezjfeö`
rhfech
hstos
pu`tos
khl rhbestro,
u`j
vhz
jlgjfh`jkos
h`
lj
ghgorej,
pjrj
prhsh`tjrh`
pj`tjllj
lj
shújl.
Khph`keh`ko
kh
ljs
fjpjfekjkhs
khl
osfelosfopeo
sh
puhkh`
th`hr
profhsos
jkefeo`jlhs
socrh
los
pu`tos
guhstrhjkos,
e`fluso
sh
puhkh
kespo`hr
kh
u`
prhkespjro,
pjrj
ocshrvjr
profhsos
quh
th`bj`
lubjr
j`ths khlkespjro.
Nu`kjgh`tjlgh`th,
u`
osfelosfopeo kebetjl
sh
gj`hij kh u`j norgj
segeljrj
u`o
j`jlöbefo,
pjrj pokhr
togjr
ljs
ghkekjs
sh
`hfhsetj jiustjr
hl
gj`ko
JGTL.,hl
gj`ko
[EGHCJVH
jse
fogo
los
gj`ko$
quh
e`thrveh`h`
h` hlkespjro.
GÅ[OKOV
KH GXH$[SHO
$h
trjtj
kh hxplefjr
fogo
sh
ljs
jrrhblj`
los
osfelosfopeos
kebltjlhs
pjrj
rhu`er
los
pu`tos
kh
guhstrhj.
Tjrj
shújlhs
kh
lh`tj
vjrejfeö`,
lo$
osfelosfopeos
kebetjlhs
puhkh`
phrnhftjgh`th
rhu`er
gês
pu`tos
kh
los
`hfhsjreos
pjrj
rhfo`struer
posthreorgh`th
lj
shújl
h` lj
pj`tjllj.
@o
ocstj`th,
pjrj
shújlhs
rêpekjs
(fogo
kh rêpekjs
khph`khrê
kh
lj
gêxegj
vhlofekjk
kh
guhstrho kh `uhstro jpjrjto) hl osfelosfopeo
`o
puhkh rhfobhr guhstrjs sunefeh`ths
y
khch
rhfurrer
j u`j kh
hstjs
kos tåf`efjs9
,/r l`thrpoljfeÖ`,
hs
khfer, hstegjr
u`
puúto
e`thrghkeo
kh
lj
shújl
cjsê`kosh
h`
hl
pu`to
j`threor
y
posthreor.
Guhstrho
h`
tehgpo
hquevjlh`th,
Ve
lj
shújl
hs
rhphtetevj
hs
poseclh
guhstrhjr
kurj`th
u`os
fuj`tos
feflos
h`
kenhrh`ths
pjrths
kh
lj
shújl
pjrj
khspuås
rhfo`struer
lj shújl
GHFJ@[FO
KH GJ@[H@[G[H@IO
13
1:
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 83/150
HLHf[SÖ@EFJ
bJVrf@
@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H E
GXHV[SHO
HW*E
[EHGTO
SHJL FO@
EA[HSTOLJFEÖ@
Hl
gåtoko
htj`kjrk kh
guhstrho h`
los
osfllosfopeos
kebetjlhs
hs
hlguhbtrho h`
tehgpo
rhjl9
hl
osfelosfopeo
rhù`h
los
sunefeh`ths
pu`tos
fogo
pjrj
rhfo`struer lj
shújl.
Tjrj
shújlhs
`o
rhphtetevjs
ö
lj
pjrth
trj`setorej
kh u`j
shnljlhs
hl
ù`efo gåtoko vêleko
kh
guhstrho.
Los osfelosfopeos
utelezj`
lj
e`thrpoljfeö`
pjrj
pokhr
vesujlezjr
shújlhs
quh
so`
gês
rêpekjs
quh
su vhlofekjk
kh
guhstrho.
Hxesth`
cêsefjgh`th
kos
tepos kh e`thrpoljfeö`9
"r
Le`hjl9 Vegplhr`h`th
fo`hftj
los
pu`tos
guhstrhjkos
fo`
ll`hjs.
ln
Vh`oekjl9 Fo`hftj
los
pu`tos
guhstrhjkos
fo` furvjs shbre`
u`
profhso
gjthgêtefo, kh hstj
norgj
los
pu`tos
e`thrghkeos
sh
fjlfulj`
pjrj
rhllh`jr los
hspjfeos h`trh pu`tos
rhjlhs
kh r`uhstrho. Xsj`ko hsth profhso hs poseclh vesujlezjr
shújlhs
fo`
brj`
prhfeseö`
kespo`eh`ko
kh rhljtevjgh`th
pofos pu`tos
kh
guhstrho.
Vhújlrhfo`struekê
fo`
e`thrpoljfeö` sh`oekjl
$hújlrhfo`struekj fo`
e`thrpoljfeö` le`hjl
[HSGE@OLOBeJ
Hstukejr
socrh u`
thgj
egplefj
fo`ofhr
`uhvos tårge`os
tåf`efos. Hsth
fjpetulo sh khkefj j
hxplefjr
los
tårge`os
gês utelezjko$ h`
rhljfeö`
jlhstukeo
kh
los
osfelosfopeos.
rÅ`g
lr.¡os
u`LtzJKos JL GHKES
Hxesth
u` tårge`o
bh`hrjl pjrj
khsfrecer.u`
pjtrö`
quh
sh
råpeth
h` hl tehgpo9
o`kj. Hxesth`
o`kjs kh
so`eko,
o`kj$
ofhê`efjs,
o`kjs
fhrhcrjlhs
y
por
supuhsto,
o`kjs
kh
th`seö`P
X`
oseelosfopeo
gekh
hstjs
ùltegjs. X` feflo
hs
lj gl`er`j
pjrth
kh lj
o`kj
quh
sh rhpeth
h` hl
tehgpo.
X`j
norgj kh o`kj hs
lj rhprhsh`tjfeö`
brênefj
kh
u`j
o`kj. X`j norgj
kh o`kj kh
th`seö`
sehgprc
sh
prhsh`tjrê
fo` hl tehr`po
h`
hl
hih
aorezo`tjl
{Q}
y
tj
jgpletuk
h`
hl
hih
vhrtefjl(U).
GHFJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@Ç@[H@[O
j'
E
/
\
E
/
\
13
16
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 84/150
IE
sH[XJl
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVEFJ E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
Lj
norgj
kh o`kj
`os
proporfeo`j
u`j vjleosj er'tnorgjfeö`
socrh
lj
shújl. H`
fujlquehr
gogh`to pokhgos vesujlezjr lj jlturj
quh
jlfj`zj
y, por lo
tj`to, sjchr
se hl
voltjih
aj
fjgcejko
h`
hl tehgpo
(se
ocshrvjgos,
por
hihgplo, u`j lç`hj
aorezo`tjl
pokrhgos
fo`fluer
quh
h` hsh
e`thrvjlo
kh
tehgpo
lj
shújl
hs
fo`stj`th).
Fo`
lj
ph`keh`th
kh ljs lç`hjs
kejbo`jlhs,
tj`to h`
nlj`fo kh sucekj fogo
h`
nlj`fo
kh
cjijkj,
pokrhgos
fo`ofhr
lj
vhlofekjk
h` hl
pjso
kh u`
`evhl
j
otro,
puhkh`
ocshrvjrsh
tjgceå`
fjgceos
rhph`te`os
kh lj
shújl
(J`bulo
guy
jbukos)
bh`hrjlgh`th
khcekos
j
profhsos
trj`setoreos.
=
[ETOV
KH
O@KJV
Vh
puhkh`
fljsenefjr
ljs
o`kjs h` los
fujtro
tepos
sebueh`ths9
rN
O`kjs sh`oekjlhs
,n
O`kjs
fujkrjkjs
y
rhftj`buljrhs
n O`kjrtrej`buljrhs
y
h`
keh`th kh sehrrj.
"N
Tulsos
y
nlj`fos
ö
hsfjlo`hs.
O@KJV
VH@OEKJLHV
Vo` ljs
o`kjs nu`kjgh`tjlhs
y
hso
por
vjrejs
rjzo`hs9
Toshh`
u`js
propehkjkhs
gjthgêtefjs
guy
e`thrhsj`ths
(por
hihgplo
fo`
fogce`jfeo`hs
kh shújlhs
sh`oekjlhs
kh
kenhrh`th
jgpletuk
y
nrhfuh`fej
sh
puhkh
rhfo`struerfujlquehr
norgj
kh o`kj), lj
shújl
quh
sh
octeh`h
kh
ljs togjs kh forreh`th kh fujlquehr fjsj teh`h` hstj norgj,
ljs
shújlhs kh
thst
prokufekjs por
los
ferfuetos
osfeljkorhs
kh
u`
bh`hrjkor
kh
shújl
so` tjgceå`
sh`oekjlhs,
lj
gjyorçj
kh
ljs nuh`ths kh
poth`fej
h`
JF
(forreh`th
jlthr`j)
prokufh`
shújlhs
sh`oekjlhs.
Lj
shújl
sh`oekjl
jgortebujkj
hs u`
fjso hsphfejlkh
hsth
tepo kh
o`kjs
y
sh
prokufh`
h`
nh`ögh`os
kh
osfeljfeö`,
phro buh
`o
sh
gj`teh`h` h` hl
tehgpo.
o`kj
sh`oekjr
o#9¡t9=nnen"o
O@KJV FXJKSJKJV
U SHF[J@BXLJSHV
Ljs
o`kjs
fujkrjkjs
so`
cêserrt*`l
o`kjs
quh
pjsj`
kh u`
hstjko
j
otro
kh
th`seö`,
j
eathrvjlos rhbuljrhs,
h`
u` tehgpo
guy
rhkufeko.
Vo` utelezjkjs
usujlgh`th
pjrj
procjr
jgplenefjkorhs
(hsto
hs
khceko j
buh
hsth tepo kh
shújlhs
fo`teh`h`
h` se
gesgjs
tokjs
ljs
nrhfuh`fejs).
Lj
thlhveseö`,
lj rjkeo
y
los
orkh`jkorhs
utelezj`
gufao
hsth tepo
kh shújlhs,
nu
`kjgh `tj
lg h
`th
fog o rhloihs
y
thgporezjko rhs.
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EG[H@[O
j'
O`kj sh`oekjl
16
u
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 85/150
*
trnu¡[@
HLHf[SÖ@EFJ
CJVEFJ
E@KX$[SEJL
TJS[H
E
Ljs
o`kjs
rhftej`buljrhs
sh
kenhrh`fej`
kh
ljsfujkrjkjs h`
`o
th`hr
ebujlhs
los
e`thrvjlos
h` los
quh
lj
th`seö` phrgj`hfh
j
`evhl
jlto y
cjio.
$o`
pjrtefuljrgh`th egportj`ths
pjrj
j`jlezjr
ferfuetos
kebetjlhs
.
,
Ljs
o`kjs
rhftj`buljrhs
sh kenhrh`fej`
kh
ljs
fujkrjkjs
h`
`o
th`hr
ebujlhs los
e`thrvjlos
h` los
quh
lj
th`seö`
phrgj`hfh
j
`evhl jlto
y
cjio. Vo`
pjrtefuljrgh`th
egportj`ths
pjrj
j`jlezjr
ferfu
etoh
k eb
etj
lhs.
nne ttr:
O`kj
fujkrjkj
O`kj
rhftj`buljr
O@KJV
[SEJ@BXLJSHV
U
HE{
KEHEE[H
KH
VEHSSJ
Vh
prokufh`
h`
ferfuetos
keshújkos
pjrj
fo`troljr voltjihs
le`hjlgh`th,
fogo
puhkh`
shr,
por
hihgplo,
hl cj`eko
aorezo`tjl
kh
u`
osfelosfopeo
j`jlöbefo
ö
hl cjrreko
tj`to aorezo`tjl
fogo
vhrtefjlkh u`j
thlhveheö`.
Ljs
trj`sefeo`hs
h`trh hl
`evhl
gl`ego
y
gêxego
kh
lj hhújl
fjgcej`
j
u`
retgo fo`stj`th.
Hstrs
trj`sefeo`hs
sh
kh`oge`j`
rjgpjs,
Lj
o`kj
h` keh`th
kh sehrrj
hs u`
fjso
hsphfejl
kh shújl trej`buljr
fo`
u`j
rjgpj
khsfh`kh`th
kh
gufaj gês
ph`keh`th
quh
lj
rjgpj
jsfh`kh`th.
O`kj h`
keh`th
kh
seh`j
TXLVOV
U
NLJ@FOV
O
OVFJLO¡EHV
$hújlhs,
fogo
los nlj`fos
y
los
pulsos,
buh
solo sh
prhsh`tj`
u`j
solj
vhz, sh
kh`oge`j`
shújlhs
trj`setorejs.'X`
nlj`fo
ö
hsfjlö`
e`kefj u` fjgceo
rhph`te`o h` hl
voltjih,
por
hihgplo
fuj`ko
sh
fo`hftj
u`
e`thrruptor
kh
jlegh`tjfeö`. Hl
pulso
e`kefjrçj,
h`
hsth
gesgo hihgplo,
quh
sh
aj
fo`hftjko
hl
e`thrruptor
y
h` u` khthrge`jko
tehgpo sh
aj
khsfo`hftjko.
Bh`hrjlgh`th
hl
pulso
rhprhsh`tj u`
cet
kh
e`norgjfeö`
jtrjvhsj`ko
u`
ferfueto
kh
u`
orkh`jkor kebetjl
ö
tjgceå`
u`
phquhúo
khnhfto
h` u` ferfueto
{por
hihgplo
u`
njlso
fo`tjfto
gogh`tê`ho).
Hs
fogù`
h`fo`trjr
shújlhs
kh
hsth
tepo
h`
orkh`jkorhs,
hquepos
kh rjyos
Q
y
kh fogu`efjfeo`hs.
*
O`kj
trej`buljr
_el_
Tulso
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
tj
1;
18
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 86/150
m-r----l
,9[9n9[Ç.
l.------hbI`*----'l
^OL[JIH
^oltjih hs
lj
kenhrh`fej kh
poth`fejl
hlåftrefo h`trh
kos
pu`tos
kh
u`
ferfueto.
@orgjlgh`th
u`o kh
hsos pu`tos suhlh
shrgjsj
(B@K,
4v),
phro
`o
sehgprh,
porhihgplo
sh puhkh ghker
hl
voltjih
pefo
j
pefo
kh
u`j shújl
(^oo)
fogo lj kenhrh`fej
h`trh
hl vjlor
gêxego
y
gÇ`ego kh
hstj.
Lj
pjljcrj
jgpletuk
seb`enefj
bh`hrjlgh`th
lj
kenhrh`fej
h`trh
hl vjlor
gêxego
kh
u`j
shújly
gjsj.
NJVH
Lj
njsh
sh
puhkh
hxplefjrgufao ghiorsç
fo`sekhrjgos
lj
norgj
kh
o`kj
sh`oekjl.
Lj
o`kj
sh`oekjlsh
puhkh
hxtrjhrkh lj
ferfuljfeö`
kh u`
pu`to
socrh
u`
ferfulo
kh 6>4o.
X`
feflo
kh lj
shújlsh`oekjl
jcjrfj
los
6>4o,
544
44
544
:144
324ü
6>44
,
32Jo
Fuj`ko
sh for`pjrj`
kos
shújlhs sh`oekjlhs
kh lj
gesgj
nrhfuh`fej
puhkh
ofurrer
quh
jgcjs
`o
hstå`
h`
njsh,
o
shj,
quh
`o
foe`fekj`
h`
hl tehgpo
los
pjsos
por
pu`tos
hquevjlh`ths
kh
jgcjs
shújlhs. H`
hsth
fjso sh
kefh
quh
jgcjs
shújlhs
hstj
khsnjsjkjs,
pukeå`kosh
ghker
hl khsnjsh fo` u`j
segnelh
rhblj
kh
trhs.
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
IJt
sHÇXJ@
hlhfr`ö@rfJ
sJsrf`
[@KXV[S[JL
pJS[H
E
GHKEKJV
H@ LJV NOSGJV
KH O@KJV
E
H`
hstj
shffeö` khsfrecegos
ljs
ghkekjs
gês
forreh`ths
pjrj
khsfrecer
u`j norgj
kh
o`kj.
THSEOKO
U NSHFXH@FEJ
Ve u`j
shújl
sh rhpeth
h` hl
tehgpo,
poshh
u`j
nrhfuh`fej
(n).
Lj nrhfuh`fej
sh
gekh
h` Ahrtz
(Az)
y
hs ebujl
jl
`ughro
kh vhfhs
quh
lj
shújl sh
rhpeth
h`
u` shbu`ko,
hs
khfer,
:Az
hquevjlh
j
:
feflo
porshbu`ko.
X`j
shújl rhphtetevj
tjgceå`
poshh
otro
pjrêghtro9
hl
phreoko,
khne`eå`kolh
for`o hl
tehgpo
quh
tjrkj
lj
shújlh`
fogplhtjr
u`
feflo.
Thrçoko
y
nrhfuh`fej
so`
rhfçprofos
hl u`o
khl
otro9
Threoko
[7:l6sb
18
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 87/150
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVrfJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H E
,t
V@¡EE
'Veh`ko
t hl tehgpo
kh
rhtrjso
h`trh
u`j shújl
y
otrq.
¿Zuå
pjrêghtros
e`nluyh`
h`
lj
fjlekjk
kh u`
osfelosfopeo?
Los tårge`os khne`ekos h`
hstj shffeö`
`os
phrgeterê`
fogpjrjr
kenhrh`ths gokhlos kh
osfelosfopeo flespo`eclhs
h`
hl ghrfjko.
J@FAO
KH CJ@KJ
Hsphfenefj hl
rj`bo kh
nrhfuh`fejs
h`
ljs
quh
hl osfelosfopeo
puhkh
ghker
fo`
prhfeseö`,
Tor
fc`vh`eo hl j`fao kh cj`kj
sh
fjlfulj
khskh OAz
(fo`te`uj)
ajstj lj nrhfuh`fej
j
lj
fujl
u`j
shújl
kh tepo sh`oekjl
sh
vesujlezj
j u`
2J.2o/j
khl
vjlor
jplefjko
j
lj
h`trjkj
(lo
quh
forrhspo`kh
j u`j jth`ujfeö`
kh 6kC)
[EHJÇTO KH
VXCEKJ
Hs otro kh
los
pjrêghtros quh
`os kjrê,
iu`to
fo`
hl
j`threor,
lj
gêxegj nrhfuh`fej kh
utelezjfeö` khl
osfelosfopeo. Hs
u`
pjrêghtro
guy
egportj`th se
sh khshj
ghker
fo`
nejcelekjk
pulsos
y
nlj`fos
(rhforkjr
buh
hsth
tepo
kh shújlhs
poshh`
trj`sefeo`hs
h`trh
`evhlhs
kh
th`seö` guy
rêpekjs).
X`
osfelosfopeo
`o
puhkh
vesujlezjr
pulsos
fo`
tehgpos
kh
sucekj gês
rêpekos
quh
hlsuyo
propeo.
VH@VECELEKJK
^HS[EFJL
l`kefj
lj
njfelekjk
khl
osfelosfopeo
pjrj
jgplenefjr shújlhs kåcelhs.
Vh
suhlh
proporfeo`jr
h`
g^
porkeveseö`
vhrtefjl, `orgjlgh`th
hs khlorkh`
kh 8
g^/kev
(llhbj`ko
ajstj
3 g^/kev).
^HLOFEKJK
Tjrj
osfelosfopeos j`jlöbefos
hstj
hsp.hfenefjfeö`
e`kefj
]j vhlofekjk
gêxegj khl cjrreko
aorezo`tjl, lo
quh
`os
phrgeterê
ocshrvjr
sufhsos
gês
rêpekos.
Vuhlh
shr
khl
orkh`
kh
`j`oshb
u`kos
por
k
eveseö`
aorezo`tjl.
HQJF[E[XK
H@ LJ
BJ@J@FEJ
l`kefj
lj
prhfeseö`
fo`
lj
fujl hl sesthgj
vhrtefjl
khlosfelosfopeo
jgplenefj
ö jth`uj
lj
shújl,
Vhproporfeo`j
`ogrjlgh`th h`
porfh`tjih
gêxego kh
h,rror,
GHFJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
1>
12
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 88/150
IJE
sH]uJ`
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CÊVEFJ E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
HQJF[E[XK
H@ LJ
CJVH
KH
[EHGTOV
l`kefj
lj
prhfeseö`
h` lj
cjsh
kh
tehgpos
khl slsthgj
aorezo`tjl
khl osfelosfopeo
pjrj
vesujlezjr
hl
tehgpo. [jgceå` sh suhlh kjr h`
porfh`tjih
kh
hrror
gêxego.
^HLOFEKJK
KH
GXHV[SHO
H`
los
osfelosfopeos
kebetjlhs e`kefj
fuj`tjs
guhstrjs
por
shbu`ko
hs
fjpjz kh togjr
hl
sesthgj
kh
jkquesefeö`
kh
kjtos
(hsphfçnefjgh`th
hl
fo`vhrsorJ/K).
H`
los
osfelosfopeos kh
fjlekjk
sh
llhbj
j
vhlofekjkhs
kh guhstrho
kh
Ghbjguhstrjs/sb.
X`j
vhlofekjk
kh
guhstrho
brj`kh
hs
egportj`th
pjrj
pokhr
vesujlezjr
phquhúos
phreokos
kh
tehgpo.
H` hl
otro
hxtrhgo
kh
lj
hsfjlj,
tjgceå`
sh `hfhsetj
vhlofekjkhs
kh
guhstrho
cjijs
pjrj
pokhr
ocshrvjr
shújlhs kh vjrejfeö`
lh`tj.
Bh`hrjlgh`th
lj
vhlofekjk
kh guhstrho
fjgcej
jl
jftujr
socrh hl
gj`ko[lGH
CJVH
pjrj
gj`th`hrfo`stj`th
hl
`ùghro
kh
pu`tos
quh
shjlgjfh`jrj`
pjrj
rhprhsh`tjr
lj
norgj
kh
o`kj.
SHVOLXFEÖ@
^HS[EFJL
Vh gekh
h` cets
y
hs u`
pjrêghtro
quh
`os kj lj
rhsolufeö`
khl
fo`vhrsorJ/K
khl osfelosfopeo
kebetjl. @os
e`kefj
fo`
quh prhfeseö`
sh fo`vehrth`
ljs
shújlhs
kh
h`trjkj
h`
vjlorhs
kebetjlhs
jlgjfh`jkos
h`
lj
ghgorej.
[åf`efjs kh fêlfulo
puhkh`
jugh`tjr
lj
rhsolufeö`
hnhftevj khl
osfelosfopeo.
LO@BE[XK
KHL
SHBEV[SO
l`kefj
fuj`tos
pu`tos
sh
ghgorezj`
h` u`
rhbestro
pjrj
lj rhfo`struffeö`
kh
lj
norgj
kh
o`kj.
Jlbu`os
osfelosfopeos
phrgeth`
vjrejr,
khatro
kh
fehrtos lçgeths, hsth
pjrêghtro.
Lj
gêxegj lo`betuk
khl
rhbestro
khph`kh
khl tjgjúo
kh
lj
ghgorej
kh
quh
kespo`bj
hl
osfelosfopeo.
X`j lo`betuk
khl
rhbestro
brj`kh phrgeth
rhjlezjr
zoogs
socrh khtjllhs
h`
lj
norgj
kh o`kj kh
norgj
guy rêpekj
(los
kjtos
yj
aj`
seko
jlgjfh`jkos),
se` hgcjrbo
hstj
vh`tjij
hs j
fostj
kh
fo`suger
gês
tehgpo
h`
guhstrhjr
tj
shújl
fogplhtj.
TXHV[J
H@ NX@FEO@JGEH@[O
Hsth
fjpçtulo
khsfrech los
preghros pjsos pjrj
hlforrhfto
gj`hio
khl
osfelosfopeo,
TO@HS
J
[EHSSJ
X`j
cuh`j fo`hxeö` j
tehrrj
hs guy egportj`th
pjrj
rhjlezjr
ghkekjs
fo` u`
osfelosfopeo.
FOLOFJS
J
[EHSSJ
HL
OVFELOVFOTEO
Tor
shburekjk
hs oclebjtoreo
folofjr
j
tehrrj hl
osfelosfopeo"
Ve
sh
prokufh
u` fo`tjfto
h`trh
u`
jlto
voltjih
y
lj
fjrfjsj
kh
u`
osfelosföpeo
`o
puhsto
j
tehrrj,
fujlquehr
pjrth
kh lj fjrfjsj,
e`fluekos
los gj`kos,
puhkh prokuferlh
u`
phlebroso
saofm.
Geh`trjs
quh
u`
osfelosfopeo
ceh`
folofjko j
tehrrj,
lj forreh`th,
qu,b
h`
hl
j`threor
fjso
th
jtrjvhsjrçj,
sh khsvçj
j
lj
fo`hxeö`
kh
tehrrj.
Tjrj
fo`hftjr
j tehrrj u`
osfelosfopeo
sh
`hfhsetj
u`erhl
fajses
khl
osfelosfopeo
fo` hl
pu`to
kh-rhnhrh`fej
`hutro
kh
th`seö`
(fogù`gh`th
lljgjko
tehrrj).
Hsto
sh
fo`sebuh hgplhj`ko
fjclhs
kh
jlegh`tjfeö` fo`
trhs
fo`kuftorhs
(kos
pjrj
lê
jlegh`tjfeö`
y
u`o
pjrj
lj
togj kh
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
12
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 89/150
,t
8H[XJ@
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVrfJ E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
Jlbu`os
osfelosfopeos
jvj`zjkos
poshh`
u` e`thr`uptor
htequhtjko
fogo
JX[OVH[
ö
TSHVH[ quh jiustj` los fo`trolhs h` u` solo pjso pjrj jiustjr phrnhftjgh`th
lj
shújl
j
lj
pj`tjllj,
Ve
tu osfelosfopeo
`o
poshh
hstj fjrjfthrçstefj,
hs
egportj`th
jiustjr los
kenhrh`ths
fo`trolhs
khl jpjrjto
j
su
posefeö`
hstê`kjr j`ths kh
profhkhr
j ghker.
Hstos
so` los
pjsos
gês
rhfogh`kjclhs9
¿n
Jiustjr
hl osfelosfopeo
pjrj
vesujlezjr hl
fj`jl
l.
(jl
gesgo
tehgpo
sh
folofjrê
fogo
fj`jlkh
kespjro hl
l).
=er
Jiustjr
j
u`j
posefeö`
e`thrghkej
lj
hsfjlj
volteos
/
keveseö`
khl
fj`jl E
(por
hihgplo
:vlfg).
Folofjr
h-`
posefeö`
fjlecrjkj
hl
gj`ko
vjrejclh
kh votteos
/
keveseö`
(poth
`feöghtro
fh`trjl).
Khsjftevjr
fujlq
ueh
r tepo kh
g
ulteplefjkorhs
vhrtefj
lhs.
Folofjr
hlfo`gutjkorkh
h`trjkj
pjrj
hl
fj`jl E
h`
jfopljgeh`to
KF.
nnt
"O
LI
g^
fg
,y'?
,,;?
Khsjftevjr hlkespjro
rhtjrkjko jl gç`ego
ö khsjftevjko.
Vetujrhl
fo`trol
kh
e`th`sekjk
jl
gç`ego
quh phrgetj
jprhfejrhl
trjzo h`
lj
pj`tjllj,
y
hl
trjzo kh nofus
jiustjko
pjrj
u`j vesujlezjfeö`
lo
gês
`çtekj
poseclh
(bh`hrjlgh`th
los
gj`kos
quhkjrj`
fo` lj
shújlezjfeö`
fhrfj`j
j lj
posefeö`
vhrtefjl).
VO@KJV
KH
GHKEKJ
Fo`
los pjsos
khtjlljkos
j`threorgh`th,
yj'hstjs h`
fo`kefeo`hs
kh fo`hftjr
lj
so`kj
kh
ghkekj
jl fo`hftor
kh h`trjkj
khl fj`jl
l.
Hs guy egportj`th
utelezjr ljs
so`kjs
keshújkjs
pjrjtrjcjijrhsphfçnefjgh`th
fo` hlosfelosfopeo.
X`j
so`kj `o
hs,`egufo
gh`os,
u`
fjclh
fo`
u`j
pe`zj,
se`o
quh
hs
u` fo`hftor
hsphfçnefjgh`th
keshújko
pjrj
hvetjr ruekos
quh
puhkj`
phrturcjr
lj
ghkekj.
Jkhgês,
ljs
so`kjs
sh
fo`struyh`
pjrj
quh
th`bj`
u`
hnhfto
gç`ego
socrh
hl ferfueto
kh
ghkekj.
Hstj njfuItjk
kh lj
so`kjs
rhfech
hl
`ogcrh
kh
hnhfto
kh
fjrbj,
pjrj
ge`egezjrlj
sh
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
s4
'15
9e?
Folofjr
hl
goko
kh
kespjro
h`
jutogêtefo.
J[ /
@OSE['
o
@[H@V
NOFXV
o
-'
fA elel
JGTL.
E
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 90/150
HLHf[Sö@rfJ
bJ$f`
[@KXV[S[JL
pJS[H
r
*
tr@¡nll
Vo`kj
l4Q
.
Osfelosfopeo
l----
---t
rl
e
-.Fo`hf{or
kh
h`trjkj
e
E
E
E
E
E
¡
E
Hsth tepo
kh
so`kj
sh
proporfeo`j
bh`hrjlgh`th fo`
hl
osf¡losfop¡o
y hs
u`j
hxfhlh`th
so`kj
kh
utelezjfeö`
bh`hrjl. Tjrj
otros
tepos
kh
ghkekjs
sh
utelezj`
so`kjs
hsphfejlhs,
fogo
puhkh`
shr
ljs so`kjs kh
forreh`th
ö
ljs
jftevjs.
$O@KJV
TJVE^JV
Lj gjyorçj kh ljs
so`kjs
pjs¡vjs
hstê`
gjrfjkjs
fo`
u` njftorkh
jth`ujfeö`, `orgjlgh`th
:4Q
ö
:44Q. Tor
fo`vh`eo los njftorhs
kh
jth`ujfeö`
jpjrhfh` fo` hl seb`o
Q
khtrês
khl
njftorkh
keveseö`.
H` fo`trjsth
los
njftorhs
kh jgplenefjfeö`
jpjrhfh`
fo` hl seb`o Q khlj`th
(x:4
ö
x:44).
Lj
so`kj gês
utelezjkj
poseclhgh`th
shj lj :4Q,
rhkufeh`ko
lj
jgpletuk
kh lj
shújl h` u`
njbtor
kh e
4.
Vu utelezjfeö` sh
hxteh`kh
j
pjrter
kh
n]hfuh`fejs
suphreorhs j 8
mAz
y
fo`
`evhlhs
kh
shújl
suphreorhs j
l4
g^. Lj
so`kj
:Q
hs
segelj
r
jlj j`threor
phro
e`trokufh
gês fjrbj h`
hl
ferfueto
kh
pruhcj,
phro puhkh
ghker shújlhs
fo` gh`or `evhl.
Tor
fogokekjk kh uso sh
aj` e`trokufeko so`kjs hsphfejlhs
fo`
u` fo`gutjkorquh
phrr`eth
u`j
utelezjfeö` :Q ö
:4Q.
Fuj`ko
sh
utelefh` hsth
tlpo
kh
so`kjs
ajy
quh
jshburjrsh
kh lj
posefeö`
kh
hsth fo`gutjkor
j`ths
kh
rhjlezjr
u`j ghkekj.
FJL
A
4.3
v
Tç`zj
kh
fofokrelo
khs`p`lhca
pjrj
lj r`jsj
GHFJ@EFO KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j"
54
5:
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 91/150
IJE
VH[XJ@
HLHf[Sö@tfJ hJsrfS
[@KXV[S[JL
pJS[H
E
FOGTH@VJFEÖ@
KH LJ
VO@KJ
J`ths
kh utelezjr
u`j so`kj
jth`ujkorj :OQ
hs `hfhsjreo
rhjlezjr
u` jiusth
h`
nrhfuh`fej
pjrj
hl
osfelosfopeo
h`
pjrtefuljr
socrh hl
quh
sh
vjyj
j trjcjijr.
Hsth jiusth
sh
kh`oge`j
fogph`sjfeö`
kh
lj
so`kj
y
fo`stj kh
los
sebueh`ths
pjsos.
n
Fj`hftjr
lj
so`kj j lj
h`trjkj
khlfj`jl l.
n
Fo`hftjr
lj
pu`tj
kh lj
so`kj jl
pu`to
kh shújl
kh fogph`sjfeö`
(Lj
gjyorçj
kh
los
osfelosfopeos
kespo`h` kh
u`j
togj
pjrj
jiustjr
ljs
so`kjs,
h` fjso
fo`trjreo
shrê
`hfhsjreo
utelezjr
u`
bh`hrjkorkh
o`kj fujkrjkj).
¿t' Fo`hftjr
lj
pe`zj
kh
fofokrelo kh
lj
so`kj
j gjsj.
n
Ocshrvjr lj
shújl
fujkrjkj kh rhnhrh`fej
h` lj
pj`tjllj.
/"
Fo`
hl
khstor`elljkor
kh
jiusth, jftujr socrh
hl
fo`kh`sjkor kh jiusth
ajstj
ocshrvjr
u
`j
shúj
E
fujkrjkj
phrnhftj.
Khsjiustjkj
jgplenefj gjl
jltjs
nrhfuh`fejs
$O@KJVJF[E^JV
Khsjiustjkj
jgplenefj
gjl
cjijs nrhfuh`fejs
Troporfeo`j`
u`j
jgplenefjfeö`
j`ths
kh
jplefjr
lj
shújl
j
lj h`trjkj khl
osfelosfopeo.
Tuhkh`
shr `hfhsjrejs
h`
ferfuetos fo`
u`j
fjrbjcelekjk
kh
sjlekj
guy cjij.
Hsth
tepo
kh
so`kjs
`hfhsetj`
pjrj
ophrjr u`j nuh`th
kh
jlegh`tjfeö`.
VO@KJV
KH
FOSSEH@[H
Toseceletj` lj
ghkekj
kerhftj
kh
ljs
forreh`ths h`
u`
ferfueto.
Ljs ajy
pjrj
ghkekj
kh
forreh`th
jlthr`j
y
fo`te`uj.
Toshh` u`j
pe`zj
quh
jcjrfj hl fjclh
j
trjvås
khl
fujl
sh khshj
ghker lj
forreh`th.
Jl
`o
setujrsh h`
shreh fo`
hl
ferfueto fjusj`
guy
pofj
e`thrnhrh`fej
h`
å:.
VEV[HGJ^HS[EFJL
TOVtFtÖ@
Hsth
fo`trolfo`stj
kh
u`
poth`feöghtro
Zuh
phrgeth
govhr
vhrtefjlgh`th
lj
norgj
kh
o`kj
ajstj
hl
pu`to
hxjfto
quh
sh
khshh
Fuj`ko
sh
hstê
trjcjij`ko
fo` u`j solj
shújl
hl
pu`to
`orgjlg.h`th
hlhbeko
suhlh shr hl
fh`tro
kh lj
pj`tjllj.
_`rl
Jiustjkj
E
n
E
n
E
t'
E
t
E
E
:-
E.t-
E
'j-
E
e
:-
E
t
E
t
E
E
:-
E
n
E
n
E
n
E
E
n
E
E'
E
.t-
E
ll
n-:-
lt
e*n-
lt
E
--t-*
E
-n--
l
*n
E
*Pt
E
-e-
E
*n
E
E
E
*t
E
E
{-
E
n
E
n
E
t-
E
n-
E
t-
E
n-
E
-.t,
E
-?
t
*t
E
,-
*.:-
tt
I--
n
tt
n*n
tt
N-t
tt
GHFJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
5:
53
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 92/150
,rr
sH[XJl HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVrfJ E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
FO@[X[JKOS
Vh
trjtj
kh
u`
fo`gutjkor
fo`
u`
brj`
`ùghto
kh
posefeo`hs,
fjkj
u`j
kh ljs fujlhs,
rhprhsh`tj
hl
njftor
kh
hsfjlj hgplhjko
por
hl
sesthgj vhrtefjl.
Tor
hihgplo
se
hl gj`ko
hstj
h` lj
posefeö`
3 volt¡os/kev seb`enefj
quh'fjkj
u`j
kh ljs
keveseo`hs vhrtefjlhs kh
lj
pj`tjllj
(jproxegjkjgh`th
kh u`
: fg.)
rhprhsh`tj`
3
volteos.
Ljs keveseo`hs
gês
phquhújs
rhprhbh`tjrj` u`j
que`tj
pjrth
kh hsth
vjlor,
o hhj, 4.; volteos.
Lj gêxegj th`seö`
quh
sh
puhkh
vesujlezjr fo` hl osfelosfopeo
prhsh`tjko
y
fo`
u`j
so`kj
kh :4Q
shrê h`to`fhs9
l4
(njftor
kh keveseö` k> lj so`kj)
x 34
volteos/kev
(gêxegj
hsfjlj)
x
E keveseo`hs
vhrtefjlhs
H
:>FK
volüos.
H`
lj
pj`tjllj
ss
rhprhsh`tj
u`j
shújl
kh
l^pp
tjl
fogo
lj vhrljgos
h`
kearh`ths
posefeo`hs
khl
fo`gutjkor.
.
GJ@KO^JSEJCLH
Vh trjtj
kh
u`
poth`feöghtro
setujko
kh
norgj fo`få`trefj
jl fo`gutjkor
khl
jgplenefjkor
vhrtefjly
pokhgos
fo`sekhrjrlo
fogo
u`j hsphfeh
kh lupj
khl
sesthgj
vhrtefjl.
Tjrj
rhjlezjr ghkekjs
hs
`hfhsjreo folofjrlo
b`
su
pos¡feö`
fjlecrjkj.
JFOTLJú'EH@[O
KH LJ HQ[S@O@
Vh
trjtj kh
u` fo`gutjkor kh
trhs
posefeo`hs
quh
fo`hftj hlåftrefJgh`th j lj h`trjkj
khl
osfelosfopeo
lj
shújl
hxthreor.
Hl
jfopljnneeh`to
KF
khik
pêsjr
ej shújltjl
fogo
veh`h
khl
ferfueto
hxthreor
(hs
lj shúje
rhhl),Hl jfopljgeh`to
JF cloquhj r`åkej`th
u`
fo`kh`sjkor
lj fogpo`h`th
fo`te`uj
quh poshj
lj shújl hxthreor.
Hl
jfopljgeh`to
B@K
khsfo`hftj
lj
shújl
kh
h`trjkj
khl sesthgj
vhrtefjl
y
lo'fo`hftj j
gjsj,
phrgeteå`ko`os
setujr
hl
pu`to
kh rhnhrh`fej h` fujlquehr
pjrth
kh
lj
pj`tjllj
-(bh`hrjlgh`th
hl fh`tro kh
lj
pj`tjllj
fuj`ko sp
trjcjij
fo` u`j solj
shújl).
JttrTX,
t
E
n
E
l-
E
n
l
E
t
E
t
E
E
E
n
E
E
?
E
?
E
+
E
n
E
t-
E
E
:-
E
t
E
?
E
E
.N
E
t
E
{-
E
E
n
E
E
n
E
E
l.
E
t-
E
t
E
:
le
E
e
E
.t
E
N
E
.N
E
n
E
l.
E
E
.t-
¡
E
'.
E
E
+
E
n
E
n
E
E
t
E
n
E
t-
E
E
t
E
t-
E
n
E
E
n
E
n
E
l.
E
E
n
E
n
E
t-
E
E
n
E
E
n
E
?
E
+
E
n
E
n
E
-t
L El
Toflflå`,f¡l¡crk¡,
E
n
E
+
E
t
E
+
\
E
.N
E
t
E
E
t-
E
E
n
r
E
t-
E
n
E
t
E
E
n
E
.N
E
|N
E
t
E
n
E
+
E
n
E
E
n
E
E
{-
\
.
E
.N
E
n
E
t
E
E
t
E
l.
E
n
E
t
+(
E
n
E
n
E
E
:-
E
E
+'
E
?
,
E
t-
E
n
E
E
t-
E
E
e
E
E
.N
E
+
E
t
E
E
t
E
E
n
\
E
E
n
E
n
E
E
n
E
n
E
n
E
n
L
E
n
E
'N
E
/
-
E
\
/
r{
\
tltllrlrr
-t|*n*n-n.-'.-n.jn-t._n*
rtrttlrll
-t-n-t_.N_{-_e--thl'Ht.f
rrrllttrl
-.N-,N-.t-*
n
*+-t--n
-t-`,-
lttttttlt
E E
E
.t
E
r E E
E
-r.-.t- -
t
-
r-
n--
t
-l-
-
t
-,t-
-
ttlttlttr
l-- t- t
-n
-n -n
-l.
*n
-e-*
ttltrrttl
-
t-- e.-n
-
n
-n
-t-n -t--t-
-
rrrttttlr
n,]9l''
'W.
E
@evhrkh
==
E
rhnhrh`fej
GHFJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
53
56
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 93/150
IE
trEXJ`
HLHf[Sö@tfJ
CJ$fJ [@KXs[S[JL
pJSrH
r
t@vHSVtÖr*¡
Hs
u`
fo`gutjkor
kh
kos
posefeo`hs
h`
norgj
kh'
cotö`
quh
phrgeth
h`
u`j kh
sus
posefeo`hs
e`vhrter
lj
shújl
kh h`trjkj
h`
hl fj`jl
l(hxesthú
otros
osfelosfopeos
quh
e`vehrth`
hl fj`jl ll)"
GOKO JL[HS@JKO
/
$AOTHJKO
Hs u`
fo`gutjkor
kh
kos
posefeo`hs,
h`
norgj
kh
cotö`,quh
phrgeth,
fuj`ko
`os
h`fo`trjgos
h`
goko
KXJL,
shlhffeo`jrhl
goko
khlrjzjko
kh ljs
shújlhs
h`
pj`tjllj.
H` hl
goko
jlthr`jko
sh
trjzj
fogplhtjgh`th lj
shújl
khl
fj`jl
E
y
khspuås
lj
khl
fj`jl
ll
y
jsç
sufhsevjgh`th.
Vh
utelezj
pjrj
shújlhs kh
ghkej
y
jltj nrhfuh`fej
(bh`hrjlgh`th
fuj`ko hl
gj`ko
[EGH
CJVH
hstê
setujko
h` u`j
hsfjlj
kh
4.V
gsb. ö
e`nhreor).
H`
hl
goko
faophjko
hl
osfelosfopeo
trjzj
u`j
phquhúj
pjrth
khl
fj`jl E
khspuås
otrj
phquhúj
pjrth
khl
fj`jl
ll,
ajstj
fogplhtjr
u` trjzjkj
fogplhto
y
hgphzjr
kh
`uhvo.
Vh
utelez
j
pjrj
shújlhs
kh
cjij nrhfuh`fej (fo`
hl gj`ko
[EGH
CJVH
h`
posefeö`
kh
:
gsb.
ö suphreor).
GOKOVEGTLH
/KXJL/VXGJ
Hs
u`
fo`trol
norgjko por
trhs
fo`gutjkorhs
kh
kos
posçfço`hs,
h` norgj
kh
cotö`,
quh
phrr`eth
shlhffeo`jr
h`trhs
trhs
gokos
kh nu`feo`jgeh`to9
segplh,
kujl
y
sugj.
H` hl
goko
segplh
jftujgos
tj`
solo socrh
hl
fo`gutjkorhtequhtjko
fogo
FA
l/ll.
$e
`o
hstê pulsjko vesujlezjrhgos
lj
shújl quh h`trj
porhl
fj`jl ly
se lo
hstê
lj
shújl
khl
fj`jl ll. Hl
goko
kujl
$h
shlhffeo`j
fFE`
hl fo`gutjkor
htequhtjko
KXJL.
Ve
`o
hstê
pulsjko
vesujlezjrhgos
u`
solo
fj`jl
(fujl,
khph`khrê
khlhstjko
khl fo`gutjkor
FA
llll)
y
se lo
hstê
vesujlezjrhgos
segultê`hjgh`th
jgcos
fj`jlhs.
.
Hl
goko
sugj
sh
shlhffeo`j
pulsj`ko
hl
fo`gutjkor
htequhtjko
l+ll
(se
tjgceå`
lo
hstê
-hl
htebuhtjko
fogo
KXJL}
y
`os
phrgeth
lr
et
'9'.'" t'',"
il
j.
-Ê
l-
,;.
E
*"+
--
E
-
t-
'''
e
E
'*'
,
-'
E
-" t. -..
E
FA E;E
KXJL
JL[/FE,EOT
Ht
]t
]n
SlB.l/lt
|{./el
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
5:
9o?
, L,
E_
t9
t-
e.*
E
E
e
t-
¡
t
.t.
t
E
.N
'
E
tP
E
:-
E
:'
E
E
.?
E
'l-
e
.l
E
E
+.
E
j
E
.t.
E
-n-
E
E
-n-
E
E
E
E
E
l
E
,-
E
n
E
t
E
E
N
E
'l-
E
n
E
E
t9'
E
+-
E
n
l
9t
E
I
-l
.E
E
*e
v
+
E
.¡
E
n
E
E
t-
l.-
l
n-
E
E@^HSll
tn
n,lorgjl
E
t.
-."
E
:'-'
E
ellee
-.*.*++I-.¡++¡ö:¿
ltttç
.
e.
.--
{" -.-
:-
--.
.t-
-.-
t.
rltlt
-
j'
"-'r-
-
+-
*-
t.
.-- .l*
tttel
'--
't.
--
t"
"-,.t.
-.
:P
"*
;.
lrtet
-'
:-'
?
--
.tP
.-
,:' .P"
.t
relit
-r--n-t
"--
:-'-.:.
trtre
-
t--
t'--'t-
*
t
--.
.r'
rllle
E
'E
:'
E
'"
E
+.
t
E
t'
E
'n-
e
E
E
tP
E
n
E
't.
E
n
E
=
E
r
E
P"'
r'*
E
E
*
,t-
-*
E
-".
t,
--.
E
'-"
:"
-"
E
P"
.'-.
E
JL[/FAFET
g
Goko
jlthr`jko
l+lll
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 94/150
HLHf[Sö@rfJ
sJs``
[@KXV[SEJL
pJS[H
E
ú
tr@¡]E
$EV[HEEIEJ AOSEYO@[JL
TO$rfÅ@
.
Hsth fo`trol fo`stj kh
u`
poth`feöghtro
buh phrgeth
govhr aorezo`tjlgh`th ljnorgjkh o`kj
ajstj hl
pu`to
hxjfto
quh
sh
khshh
fuj`ko
sh
hstê
trjcjij`ko fo`
u`j solj shújlhl
pu`to
`orgjlgh`th hlhbeko
suhlh
shr
hl fh`tro kh
lj
pj`tjllj.(Tjrj
ocshrvjr
ghior
hl
pu`to
kh kespjro
sh
suhlh govhr
lj
lrjzj u`
pofo
ajfej
lj
khrhfaj).
tlttrtttt
-'r-*n
*t*t--t *'-
rtrtttt¡t
-n*r*n-t-n-t-*
rttrltt't
r.
*
t
*
?
tNt-
-r.{j.r.
¡h
¡
*n *
E \ E E tlt \ r r
E
E
\
l-/t E E
\
|
*t-e*n_n-t-n--.n.-nU-
lttrrtttt
-
?*n
-
n
-t--
+'-t-
n
-
+
-
t-
rt,tttltt
:.*l9_n_n*n-n'-tÅ't+n+
tlrltrttt
-n
-ntn
-
r
*
E
-
n
-
`c.r-
*
n
-.
x-Tos
nnn
Tosefeö` fhrtrjkj
v
FO@e,EX[JKOS
$h
trjtj
kh
q`
fo`gutjkor
fo`
u`
brj`
`ùghro
kh
posefeo`hs,
fjkj
u`j
kh ljs fujlhs,
rhprhsh`tj
hl
njftor kh
hsfjlj hgplhjko
por
hl
sesthgj
kh cjrreko
aorezo`tjl.
Tor
hihgplo
se
hl
gj`ko
hstj
h`
lj
posefeö`
:
gsb/kev
seb`enefj
buh
fjkj u`j
kh
ljs
keveseo`hs aorezo`tjlhs kh lj
pj`tjllj
(êproxegjkjgh`th
kh
u`
E
fg.)
rhprhsh`tj`
:
geleshbu`ko.
Ljs
keveseo`hs
gês
phquhújs
rhprh$h`tjrj`
u`j
que`tj
pjrth
kh
hsth
vjlor, o
$hj, 344
psb.
Hl
osfelosfopeo prhsh`tjko puhkh vesujlezjr
u`
gêxego
kh 3
s.
b
h`
pj`tjllj
(3JO
g.$.5
x
:4
keveseo`hs)
y
u` gl`ego
kh :44 `.s.b
por
keveseö`, se hgplhjgos lj Jgplenefjfeö`
(4.8
pss
/
8).
EEEJ@KO ^JSEJCLH
$h
trjtj
kh u`
poth`feöghtro
setujko kh
norgj fo`få`trefj
jl
fo`gutjkor
kh
lj
cjsh
kh
tehgpos
y pokhgos
fo`sekhrjrlo
fogo u`j
hsphfeh
kh
lupj
khl
sesthgj aorezo`tjl.
Tjrj
EEEtEEtlE
--n-n+ret*ån_t-..:-_n_n_:._
*
t* |-
--t-
*
n
*
t.* n
-n
-l--:-
-
rtttt¡ltt
E
?
t
E
+
E
t-
E
t
t
n
E
'n-
E
E
-n
rl
-\r-
-\
E
-n
E
-t
E
*t
E
lt
-
.t-
*
.t-
rl
-n*'"
¡t
.|--t
el E
l-+-*
\r
r
{*
-+
\t
@?
-n-t
ll
E
+
E
t
E
?
E
n
E
t-
E
L
n
t
,
E
t
E
+
E
n
E
E
E
n
E
*t-t-
rl E
E9e9
9e\e9
-e+
-e*e*
E
+-
E
t--
E
+-
E
t-*
E
[2
r
E
/
GHFJ@EFO KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j"
5;
58
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 95/150
.
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVEFJ E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
IJt
VHEX¡g
JGTLENEFJFlÖ@
Hsth fo`trol
fo`stj
kh
u`
phquhúo
fo`gutjkor h`
norgj
kh cotö`
quh
phrgeth
jgplenefjr
lj
shújl
h`
aorezo`tjl
por
u`
njftor
fo`stj`th
(`orgjlgh`th
x8
ö
x:4).
Vh utelezj
pjrj
vesujlezjr
shújlhs
kh guy jltj
nrhfuh`fej
(fuj`ko
hl
fo`gutjkor
[EGHCJVH `o
phrgeth
ajfhrlo).
Ajy
buh
th`hrlh h` fuh`tj
.j
lj
aorj
kh rhjlezjr ghkekjs
fuj`tetjtevjs
(ajcrê
quh
keveker
lj ghkekj
rhjlezjkj
h`
pj`tjllj
por
hl
njftor
e`kefjko).
QU
Hsth fo`trol
fo`stj kh
u`
phquhúo
fo`gutjkor
h`
norgj
kh cotö`
buh
phrgeth
khsfo`hftjr
hl
sesthgj
k.h cjrreko e`thr`o
khl
osfelosfopeo, ajfeh`ko hstjs
nu`feo`hs
u`o
kh
los
fj`jlhs
vhrtefjlhs
(bh`hrjlgh`th
hl
fj`jl ll).
Fogo
vårhgos
h`
hl
fjpçtulo khkefjko
j
l?s
ghkekjs
hsto `os
phrgeth vesujlezjr
furvjs
kh
rhspuhstj
ö
ljs njgosjs
neburjs
kh
Lessjious, ùtelhs
tj`to
pjrj
lj
ghkekj
kh
njsh
fogo kh
nrhfuh`fej.
VEV[HGJ
KH
KEVTJSO
VH@[EKO
Hsth
fo`trol
fo`stj
kh
u` fo`gutjkor h` norgj
kh
cotö`
quh
phrgeth
e`vhrter
hl
sh`teko khl
kespjro. Vehstê
se`
pulsjr
lj
shújl sh kespjrj
suceh`ko
(nlj`fo posetevo
+)
y
se
lo
pulsjgos
sh
kespjrjrê cjij`ko
(nlj`fo
`hbjtevo
-).Hs
fo`vh`eh`th
kespjrjr
lj
shújl
h`
hl
nlj`fo
kh
trj`sefeö`
gês rêpekj.
E
+
E
-e-
E
n
E
E
n
E
E
n
E
n
E
E
E
E
E
n
E
t
E
E
E
+
E
E
+.
e
E
E
E
:-
E
E
'ts
E
tP
E
t
E
'.
E
t-
E
t
E
E
'*. ?,*
E
E
rE
l_
E
-n-
E
*t*
E
E
n
E
n
E
n
E
n
E
n
E
E
n
E
E
-t-
E
n
E
t-
E
t
t-
t
E
t-
E
+
E
n
¡
\
t
Q{;JB
,
nl
@orgjt
,Qs
E
n
E\
n
E
:-
E
?
E
,r
E
:-
E
E
+
E
't-
E
l-
E
n
E
E
n
E
n
E
n
¡
E
:-
E
:-
E
-t-
t
E
t
E
:-
E
E
I-
E
:-
E
E
-
E
n
t
E
t-
E
E
n
E
E
:-
E
t
E
t
I-
+
E
E
n
E
t
E
E
t
t
?
E
n
E
t
E
E
tl
:--
E
].2
n-
E
t*
¡ll
:--
E
E
:-
:-
E
:-
E
t-
E
a
E
n
E
E
l'
t
E
n
E
:-
E
t
t
't-
E
E
E
Y
\
¿
t
7
/
(
N
AFES.HQ[.
t9W
E
-t-
E
-:'
E
re
\
n
E
-*
't,
E
+l-
t9
E
+
+
n
E
e-
E
n
E
n
E
+
E
.l-
E
E
t-
E
[
E
+
E
n
E
't
E
n
E
E
n
E
*+*
E
-n-
tt
E
n
E
n-
E
E
-+.-
J
E
t,-
E
/
\
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
58
5>
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 96/150
HLHf[Sö@rfJ
hJsrf`
@KXV[SEJL
pJS[H
E
,rr
senu¡rt
Qye9r.
kh u`
poth`feöghtro
quh
phrgeth
"`
"r
goko
kh
kespjro gj`ujl,
jiustjr hl
`evhl
kh
shújl j
pjrter
khl fujl,
hl
sesthgj
kh
cjrreko
hgpehzj
j
jftujr.
Hsth
jiusth
`o
hs
ophrjtevo h`
goko
kh
kespjro
jutogêtefo.
JFOTLJelEHel[O
Khceko j ljs guy
kenhrh`ths shújlhs quh
sh
puhkh` prhsh`tjr
h`
hlhftrö`efj,
hl
osfelosfopeo
prhsh`tj
u`
fo`gutjkor
fo` hl
buh
pokhgos
fo`shbuer
hl
kespjro
hstjclh
kh
lj
shújl
h`
kenhrh`ths setujfeo`hs.
Lj
bjgj
kh nrhfuh`fejs
ö tepos
kh
shújlhs
quh
jcjrfj
fjkj
posefeö`
khl
fo`gertjkor
khph`kh
khl
tepo
kh
osfelosfopeo
(hs
poseclh
e`fluso
buh
hl
osfelosfopeo
th`bj
otrjs
posefeo`hs,
hsphfejlgh`th
pjrj
trjtjr ljs
shújlhs
kh thlhveseö`).
H` lj sebueh`th
neburj
sh
hsphfçnefj
los
kjtos
pjrj
u`
osfelosfopeo
h`
pjrtefuljr.
Tjrj tu
osfelosfopeo
khchrês
fo`
su ltj r
lj
e`norgjfeö`
sug
e`
estrjk
j
por
h E
njcrefj `th,
pjrj
j
ftujlezjr hstj tj
c
lj.
JF
of
[SEBBHS
VHLHF[OS
ut
'"
'
I--[[ntA'-E
LE@H:
E
[^-^HS[
E
\8oA:n
HQ[HSEOS
Lj
setujfeö`
`orgjlhs
quh
sh
phrgetj
jl
osfelosfopeo
queh`
e`thr`jgh`th
kespjrh
lj shújlkh
h`trjkj. Hsto
phrr`eth
se`fro`ezjr
fjsetokjs ljs
shújlhs
phreökefjs
sehgprh
quh
lj
jlturj kh
lj
egjbh`
suphrh
u` fehrto vjlor
(bh`hrjlgh`th
guy
phquhúo,
khl
orkh`
kh
ghkej
keveseö`).
Tjrj
jlbu`js shújlhs fogplefjkjs,
hs `hfhsjreo kespjrjrljs
fo`
otrj
shújl
profhkh`th
khl
`resgo
ferfueto
kh
pruhcj.
Hsto
puhkh.ajfhrsh
e`trokufeh`ko
hstj
rlltegj
shújl
por
hl
fo`hftor
htequhtjko[SEB.
HQ[.
y
pulsj`ko
tjgceå` hlcotö`
quh
lh
jfogpjúj.
*'nn9*I-5
ll
{--{--
E l¿
e-r
--
¡'-:.
-
*LLE-
-:"*t_
/e¡
t.-n*
tt
tt
ne
E,
LH^H
E
'n-
*
|.
E
t-
E
n
E
n
E
?
E
t-
E
-t-l*
rl-l-
\r
-úe-
9e[9
-e-e\
-e"e-
seOesge`ulgos
hl
`evhl
`o s
kespjrjrê
E
n
E
?
E
n
E
t
E
+
E
n"
l
t
E
¡
.tP
E
?
E
n
E
n
E
t
,
E
n
E
E
?
E
t
E
+.
E
E
+
E
¡
E
E
¡t"
,
E
t'
E
t-
E
n
E
t
E
i
E
I
/
l
n
GHFJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
5>
52
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 97/150
I.E
trÇu¡trl
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVEFJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H E
trjtp_jHH
Tokçj
trjkufersh
fogo gj`th`hr
(aolk)
khsfc`hftjko
(onn).Hsth
fo`trol
`o
hstê
e`flueko
h`
los
osfelosfopeos
kh
`evhl
cjio
ö ghkeo. Vh utelezj
fuj`ko
khshjgos
se`fro`ezjr
h` lj
pj`tjllj
khl
osfelosfopeo
shújlhs
norgjkjs
por
trh`hs
kh
egpulsos
hspjfejkos
h`
hl
tehgpo.
Vh
prhth`kh
quh
hl osfelosfopeo
sh
kespjrh fuj`ko
hl
preghr
egpulso
khl
quh
fo`stj
hl trh`
jlfj`fh
hl `evhl
kh
th`seö`
neijko
pjrj
hl
kespjro,
phro
quh
hxestj
u`j
zo`j
kh
sogcrj
pjrj
hl
kespjro
quh
fucrj
los egpulsos
sebueh`ths, hl
osfelosfopeo
`o
khch
kespjrjrsh
ajstj
quh
llhbuh
hl
preghr
egpulso
khl
sebuçh`th
trh`. Fo`stj
bh`hrjlgh`th
kh
u`
gj`ko
jsofejko
fo`
u` e`thrruptor,
hsth
ùltego
po`h
h`
nu`feo`jgeh`to
hl
sesthgj
aolkonn
y
hl
gj`ko
vjrejclh
jiustj
hl
tehgpo
kh sogcrj
pjrj
hl kespjro,
H`
lj
sebueh`th
neburj
sh
ocshrvjrê
ghior
hl
nu`feo`jg eh`to.
Tuetos
ohl
kespjro
@evhl
khl
kespjro
Lr¡_-
t_**_v.-----I
*rr_*,
--*c-**-\.\\- E --**-*--
Aolkonn
{`o
sh
prokufh
hl kespjro)
LE@HJ
KH
SH[JSKO
[jgpofo
hs
ajcetujl
h`fo`trjr
kefao gj`ko
h` los
osfelosfopeos
kh
bjgj
ghkej,
cjij.
Ve`
hgcjrbo
fuj`ko
khshjgos
jgplenefjr
u`
khtjllh
quh
`o
sh
h`fuh`trj
fhrfj`o
jl
gogh`to
khl
kespjro,
`hfhsetjgos
kh
jlbu`j
gj`hrj
rhtjrkjr
hsth
ùltegc
u`
khthrge`jko
tehgpo
pjrj
fo`
hl gj`ko
kh lj
cjsh
kh tehgpos
pokhrlo
jgplenefjr.
Hsto
hs
prhfesjgh`th
lo
quh
rhjlezj
hsth
gj`ko.
Fo`stj
kh
u` fo`gutjkor
kh
vjrejs
posefeo`h$
quh
`os
proporfeo`j
hl
tehgpo
quh
hl osfelosfopeo
rhtjrkj
lj
prhsh`tjfeö`
khskh
hl gogh`to
quh
lj
shújl
sh
kespjrj,
hsth
tehgpo
puhkh
vjl¡jr,
khph`keh`ko
khl
osfelosfopeo,
khskh
jlbu`js
nrjffeo`hs
kh
psb
j
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@ EGEH@[O
51
942
.tt
se` aolkonn
sh
prokuferej
hl
kespjro
Fo` Aolkonn
Ve`
Aolkonn
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 98/150
IJE
seltrt
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVEFJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
r`j`ko
vjrejclh
pjrj
jiustjr
kh
norgj
gês
prhfesj
hl
tehgpo
j`threor.
U
por
ùltego, u`
fo`gutjkor
quh h` u`j posefeö`
htequhtjkj
fogo
shjrfa
e`kefj
jlosfelosfopeo
quh cusquh
hl
pu`to
j
pjrter
khl
fujl
khshjgos
quh
$h
prhsh`th
lj
shújl
y
otrj
posefeö`
htequhtjkj fogo kh
lj
quh
neij
lj
j`threor
posefeö`
y phrgeth
hl
uso
kh lj cjsh
kh
tehr`pos
pjrj
jgpletefjr
hl
khtjllh
khshjko.
rl
-{--}-
Et
-lr-el.N
tt
-+-¡tr-
tt
t--'t--
tl
N-n
E
E
E
.',
E
l
n
E
t
E
n
t
?
E
9
2
:
E
*:.-
-rn\
Lt_
E
E
*
l--
E
*t*
E
-t-
E
E
t.
T
+
E
?
E
t-
E
l-
E
n
E
:-
E
E
.l-
E
E
t-
E
l.
E
n
E
E
n
E
n
E
n
E
t.
E
e
E
;
r
E
E
:-
E
+
E
:-
E
e
E
t
\
E
l-
E
E
+
E
n
\
t
.t-
E
t-
E
n
E
?
E E
.
[EeHÅEEH
B-\rù=a
E s*,;.
eo
l
nnei
H` hsth
hihgplo se khshjrhr`o$
jr`plenefjr
hlphquhneo
egpulso
quh pjrfh
h`
he
shbu`ko shgefeflo,
posetevo
khchrnjgos
jiustjr
hltehgpo
kh
rhtjrko
j9
,,
Yx>`lgsb
rHF`rfJs KH
[E,EHKEKJ
Hstj shföeö` hxplefj
ljs
tåf`efjs
kh ghkekj cêsefjs fo`
u`
osfelosfopeo. Ljs
kos
ghkekjs
gês
cêsefjs
quh
sh
puhkh`
rhjlezjr
fo` u` osfelosfopeo so` hl
voltjih
y
hl tehgpo, jl shr
ghkekhs kerhftjs
Hstj
shffeö` khsfrech fogo
rhjlezjr ghkekjs
vesujlgh`th
h`
lj
pj`tjllj
khl
osfelosfopeo.
Jlbu`os osfelosfopeos
kebetjlhs
poshh`
u`
sonterjrh
e`thr`o
quh phrgeth
rhjlezjr
ljs
ghkekjs
kh norgj
jutogêtefj.
$e`
hgcjrbo,
se jprh`khgos j
rhjlezjr
ghkekjs
kh
norgj
gj`ujl,
hstjrhgos tjgceå`
fjpjfetjkos
pjrj
fahquhjr
ljs
ghkekjs
jutogêtefjs
quh
rhjlezj
u`
osfelosfopeo
kebetjl.
LJ TJ@[JLLJ
Nçijth
h`
lj
sebueh`th
neburj
quh
rhprhsh`tj
lj
pj`tjllj
kh u`
osfelosfopeo,
Khchrês `otjr
quh
hxesth`
u`js gjrfjs
h`
lj
pj`tjllj
quh
lj
kevekh`
tj`to
h`
vhrtefjl
fogo
h` aorezo`tjl, norgj`
lo
quh
sh kh`oge`j rhtçfulj
ö rhiellj.
Lj
shpjrjfeö`
h`trh koe¡
lç`hjs
fo`shfutevjs kh lj rhiellj
fo`stetuyh lo
quh
sh
kh`oge`j u`j
keveseö`.
@orgjlgh`th
lj
rhiellj
pqshh
:4
keveseo`hs
aorezo`tjlhs
por
E vhrtefjlhs
khl
gesgo
tjgjúo
{fhrfj`o
jl
fg),
to
quh
norr`j
u`j
pê`tjllj
gês j`faj
quh
jltj, H` lj
ln`hjs
fh`trjlhs,
tj`to
h` aorezo`tjl
fogo h`
vhrtefjl,
fjkj
keveseö`
ö fujkro
poshå
u`js
gjrfjs
quh
lj kevekh` h`
8
pjrths
ebujlhs
(utelezjkjs
fogo
vhrhgos
GHFJ@EFO KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j"
51
55
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 99/150
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVEFJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
IJ[
8H[XJ@
Gjrfjs
(ghkekjs
na`fos)
klveseö`
Jlbu`os
osfelosfopeos
poshh`
gjrfjs aorezo`tjlhs
kh 4%,
::o/j,5}o/o
y
:44%
pjrj
njfeletjr
lj
ghkekj
kh
tehgpos
kh
sucçkjy cjijkj
h`
los
nlj`fos
(sh
gçkh h`trh
hl :Jo/o
y
hl
b4%
kh
lj
jgpletuk
kc
pefo
j
pefo).
Jlbu`os osfelosfopeos
tjgceå`
vesujlezj`
h` su
pj`tjllj
fuj`tos
volteos
rhprhsh`tj
fjkj keveseö`
vhrtefjl
y
fuj`tos
shbu`kos
rhprhsh`tj
fjkj
keveseö`
aorezo`tjl,
@EEFOEO@ KH
^OL[JIHV
Bh`hrjlgh`th fuj`ko
ajcljgos
kh voltjih
quhrhgos
rhjlgh`th
hxprhsjr
lj
kenhrh`fej
kh
poth`fejt
hlåftrefo,
hxprhsjko
h` volteos, h`trh kos
pu`tos
kh
u`
ferfueto.
Thro ̀ orgjlgh`th
ureo
kh los
pu`tos
hstj fo`hftjko
j gj$j
(4
voltros)
y
h`to`fhs
segplenefjgos
ajclj`ko khl
voltjih
h`
hlpu`toJ
(
fuj`ko
h`
rhjlekjk
hs
lj kenhrh`fej
kh
poth`fejlh`trh
hl
pu`toJy
B@K).
Los voltjihs
puhkh`
tjgceå` ghkersh kh
pefo
j
pefo
(h`trh
hl
vjlor
gêxego
y
gç`ego kh
lj
shújl). Hs
guy
egportj`th
quh
hsphfenequhgos
jl rhjlezjr
u`j ghkekj
quh
tepo kh
voltjih
hstjgos
gekeh`ko.
Hl
osfelosfopeo
hs u`
kesposetevo
pjrj
ghker hl
voltjih
kh norgj
kerhftj.
Otros
ghkekjs
sh
puhkh`
rhjlezjr
j
pjrter
kh hstj
por
segplh fêlfulo
(por
hihgplo,
lj
kh
lj e`th`sekjk
ö
lj
poth`fej).
Los
fêlfulos
pjrj
shújlhs
FJ
puhkh`
shr
fogplefjkos,
phro
sehgprh
hl
preghr
pjso pjrj
ghker
otrjs
gjb`etukhs
hs
hgphzjr
porhlvoltjih.
55
^oltjih
hnefjz
:44
HFJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 100/150
P
r@¡G
HLHf[SÖ@EfJ
HJVrf¡ E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H E
H`
lj neburj j`threor
sh aj
shújljko
hl vjlor
kh
pefc
^o,
hl
vjlor
kh
pefo
j
pefo
^oo,
`orgjlgh`th
hl koclh
kh
^o
y
hl
vjlorhnefjz
^,
ö
^.*r,
(root-ghj`-squjrh,
hs
khfer
lj rjezkh
lj
ghkej
kh
los
vjlorhs
e`stj`tê`hos
hlhvjkos
jlfujkrjko)
utelezjkj
pjrj
fjlfuljr
lj
poth`fej
kh
lj
shújlFJ.
Shjlezjr
lj ghkekj
kh
voltjihs
fo`
u` osfelosfopeo
hs nêfel, segplhgh`th
sh
trjtj
kh
fo`tjr
hl
`ùghro kh keveseo`hs
vhrtefjlhs
quh
ofupj
lj
shújl
h`
lj
pj`tjllj.
Jiustj`ko
lj
shújl
fo`
hl
gj`ko kh
posefeo`jgeh`to
aorezo`tjl
pokhgos
utelezjr ljs
suckeveseo`hs
kh
lj
rhiellj
pjrj
rhjlezjr
u`j
ghkekj
gês
prhfesj.
(rfforkjr
buh
u`j
suckeveseö`
hquevjlh
bh`hrjlgh`th
j
::8
kh lo
quh
rhprhsh`th
u`j
keveseö`
fogplhtj).
Hs egportj`th
quh
lj shújl ofuph hl gêxego
hspjfeo kh
lj
pj`tjllj
pjrj
rhjlezjr
ghkekjs
nejclhs,
pjrj
hllo jftujrhgos
socrh
hl
fo`g
utjkor khl
jgplene
fjkor vhrtefj
l.
E
E
t\
{
:'' E
Jlbu`os osfelosfopeos
poshh`
h`
lj
pj`tjllj
u`
fursor
quh phrgeth
togjr
ljs
ghkekjs kh
th`seö`
se` fo`tjr hl
`ùghro
kh
keveseo`hs
quh
ofupj
lj
shújl. Cêsefjgh`th
hl
fursor
so` kos
le`hjs aorezo`tjlhs
pjrj
lj
ghkekj kh
voltjihs
y
kos
lç`hjs
vhrtefjlhs
pjrj
lj ghkekj kh
tehgpos
buh
pokhgos
khspljzjr
e`kevekujlgh`th
por
lj
pj`tjllj.
Lj ghkekj
sh
vesujlezj
kh
norgj
jutogêtefj
h`
lj
pj`tjllj
khlosfelosfopeo.
[XHKEKJ KH [EH[ETO
U
NSHFXH@FEJ
Tjrj
rhjlezjr
ghkekjs kh tehgpo
sh
utelezj
lj
hsfjlj
aorezo`tjl khl osfelosfopeo.
Hsto
e`fluyh
lj
ghkekj
kh
phreokos,
j`faurj kh
egpulsos
y
tehgpo
kh sucekj
y
cjijkj
kh
egpulsos. Lj
nrhfuh`fej
hs
u`j ghkekj
e`kerhftj
y sh
rhjlezj
fjlfulj`ko
lj e`vhrsj khl
phreoko.
Jl
ebujl
quh
ofurrnj
fo`
los voltjihs,
lj ghkekj kh tehgpos
shrê gês
prhfesj
se hl tehgpo
ocihto.kh
ghkekj
ofupj
lj gjyor
pjrth
kh
lj
pj`tjllj,
pjrj
hllo
êftujrhgos socrh hl
fo`gutjkor kh
lj
cjsh
kh
tehgpos.
Xtelerj
lj
ne`hj
vhrllfjl
fh`lrjl
pjrh
octh`sr
prhfeslö`
Xtelezj
lj le`hj
aorezo`tjl fh`trjl
pjrj
octh`hr
prhfeseö`
Ve
fh`trjgos
lj
shújl
utelezj`ko
hl gj`ko
kh
posefeo`jgeh`to
vhrtefjl
pokhgos
utelezjr
ljs
suckeveseo`hs
pjrj
rhjlezjr u`j ghkekj
gês
prhfesj.
,
GHFJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
jt
:4:
:44
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 101/150
,Jt
trnuJ`
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CÊVEFJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
GHK¡KJ KH
[EHGTOV
KH
VXCEKJU CJIJKJ H@ LZV
NLJ@FOV
H` gufajs jplefjfeo`hs
hs
egportj`th fo`ofhr los khtjllhs
kh
u` pulso,
h`
pjrtefuljr
los
tehgpos kh
sucekj ö
cjijkj
kh hstos.
.
Ljs
ghkekjs
hstê`kjr
h`
u`
pulso
so` su j`faurj
y
los
tehgpos
kh
sucekj
y
cjijkj. Hl
tehgpo
kh sucekj
kh u`
pulso
hs
lj
trj`sefeö`
khl
`evhl cjio
jl `evhl
jlto
kh
voltjih.
Tor
fo`vh`eo, sh
gekh
hl tehgpo
h`trh hl gogh`to
quh
hl
pulso
jlfj`zj
hl :4%
kh
lj
th`seö`
totjl
ajstj
quh
llhbj
jl5:o/o
Hsto
hlege`j ljs
errhbuljrekjkhs
h` ljs
corkhs
khl egpulso.
Hsto
hxplefj
ljs
gjrfjs
quh
sh
ocshrvj`
h`
jlbu`os osfelosfopeos
(jlbu`js
vhfhs segplhgh`th
u`js
lç`hjs
pu`thjkjs
).
Lj
ghkekj
h` los
pulsos rhquehrh
u`
ne`o jiusth h` los
gj`kos
kh
kespjro.
Tjrj
fo`vhrtersh h`
u`
hxphrto
h`
lj
fjpturj
kh
pulsos
hs
egportj`th
fo`ofhr
hl
uso
kh
los
gj`kos
kh
kespjro
quh
poshj
`uhstro
osfelosfopeo.
X`j
vhz fjpturjko
hl
pulso,
hl
profhso
kh
ghkekj
hs
hl
sebueh`th9
sh jiüstj
jftuj`ko
socrh
hl fo`gutjkor khl
jgplenefjkor
vhrtefjt
y
hl
y
hl gj`ko
vjrejclh
jsofejko ajstj
quh
lj
jgpletuk
pefo
j
pefo
khl
pulso
foe`fekj
fo` ljs
lç`hjs
pu`thjkjs
(ö
ljs
shújljkjs
fogo
Jo/o
y
:JJ%).
Vh gekh
hl e`thrvjlo
kh
tehgpo
quh
hxesth
h`trh
quh
hl
egpulso
fortj
j
lj
lç`hj shújljkj
fogo :4o/j
y
hl
b4%,
jiustj`ko
hl fo`gutjkor
kh
lj
cjsh kh
tehgpos
pjrj
quh
kefao
tehgpo ofuph hl gêxego
kh lj
pj`tjllj
khl
osfelosfopeo.
Gjrfjs
(ghkekjs
nlj`fos)
"
Ltrt
[EHW^ETO
KH VXCEKJ
GHKEKJ KHL KHVNJVH
H@[SH VHÚJLHV
Lj
shffeö`
aorezo`tjl
khl
osfelosfopeo
poshh
u`
fo`trol
htequhtjko
fogo
Q-U_,
quh
`os vj
j
e`trokufer
h`
u`j kh ljs
tåf`efjs
kh ghkekj
$h
khsnjsh
(lj
ù`efj
quh
pokhgos
utelezjr
fuj`ko
solo
kespo`hgos
kh
u`
fj`jlvhrtefjlh`
`uhstro
osfelosfopeo).
Hl
phreoko
kh u`j
shújl
sh
forrhspo`kh
fo` u`j njsh
kh
6>44.
Hl
khsnjsh
e`kefj
hl ê`bulo
kh
jtrjso
Ö
jkhlj`to'quh
poshh
u`j
shújl fo`
rhsphfto
j otrj
(togjkj
fogo
rhnhrh`fej)
se
poshh`
jgcjs hl
gesgo
phreoko.
Uj
quh
hl
osfelosfopeo
solo
puhkh
ghker
kerhftjgh`th
los
GHFJ@¡FO
KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j
:4:
:;3
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 102/150
I.t
trel¡trl
HLHf[SÖ@EfJ
hJVEF`
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
X`o k>
los
gåtokos
pjrj
ghker
hl
khsÇjsh hs
utelezj¡hl
goko
Q-U. Hsto
egplefj
e`lrokufer
u`j
shújl por
hl fj`jl
vhrtçfjl (bh`hrjlgh`th
hl
l)
y
lj
otrj
por
hl fj`jl
aorezo`tjl
(hl
ll).
(hsth
gåtoko solo
nu`feo`j
kh
norgj forrhftj
se
jgcjs
shújlhs so` sh`oekjlhs).
Lj
norgj kh o`kj
rhsultj`th
h`
pj`tjllj
sh kh`oge`j
neburj kh
Lessjious
(khceko
jlnlsefo
nj`fås
kh`oge`jko
IulhsJ`toe`h
Lesshious).
Vh
puhkh
khkuferlj
njsh h`tlh
ljs
kos
shújlhs,
jsefogo su
rhljfeö`
kh nrhfuh`fejs ocshrvj`ko
lj
sebueh`th
neburj
KF
:144
Shljfeö`
tQ9v2
O
9:
oo
;so
o
25¡
6>44
KO
544
Khsnjsh
o\
44
:144
nrs
334 644
KF
4o
:93
`
84
\l
684
:96
RJg`JlgS`
4
:84 644
>44 54
:344
:9;
nnetrur\lnnegr\lgg
4 ::4
:84 3[ 6tr
;84 >24 6nn
bgo
GHFJ@EFO KH
GJ@[H@ERH@[O
j'
:43
:46
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 103/150
,rl
trtXJ`
HLHf[Sö@rfJ CJsrfJ [@KXV[S[JL
pJSrH
r
[,,nunne.nneJr'nne
GO@[JIH
KH
FESFXE[O
KH
NXH@[H
KH
JLEGH@[JFEO@
[¡TO
TXH@[H
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@¡GEH@[O
9
:46
:X
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 104/150
GJ[HSEJLHV
/
E@V[SXGH@[OV
[rj`snorg
jkjr
33J
:
3-4
:
3v
-3
J
4; keokos :@;44;
4: rhsesth`fej
:m
4:
osfelosfopço
Fjclhs
4:
gultnghtro
kebetrjl
OCVHS^JFEO@HV
SHN,
AOIJ9
:::
A[
46
3448
E@V[JLJS
FESFXE[O KH
NXH@[H
KH
JLEGH@EJFEO@
KH FlrfXnnO KH
NXH@[H
KH
JLEGH@[JFEOe\,E[|TO
TXH@[H
ú
l¡;b@r#N
br
bb?u-tto or
ruh``h
or `uuuhru`qoru
`
ÇHnXJ`
E
gHfJrsfo
KH
GJ@[H@[G[H@[o
THS-tt E
trrL\"rurr\'\'
r.'L
¡vPrrrcrrrrv
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 105/150
HLHf[SÖ@EfJ
hÊsEfS
E@KEIV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
,t
tr[XJ@
OTHSJFÙ@9E@V[JLJS
FESFXE[O
KH
NXH@[H KH
JLEGH@[JFEO@
Tjso E
9
Ocshrvjry
brjnefjr
lj o`kj
kh
sjlekj
h` hl
osfelosfopeo.
Ferfueto
J
7ll
4
:1
:>
:;
:3
:4
E
>
;
3
Ferfueto C
7ll
J
:1
:>
:;
:3
:4
E
>
;
3
GHFJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
:48
:4>
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 106/150
,t
nne@¡G
HLHf[SÖ@EFJ
HJVrf@ E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
Tjso
39
H`
fjkj ferfueto
(Jy
C)
ghkervoltjih
O*
*"neO,
h`
KB
y
vhrenefjrquh sh
fugplh9
^o.
7
3Up
Ferfueto J
Ferfueto
C
GHFJ@EFO KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j"
:4>
:42
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 107/150
ns
VH[XJ@
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJ$FJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
Shftenefjkor Go`onêsefo
kh
O`kj
Fo`eplhtj
Hl
rhftenefjkor
go`onêsefo
kh o`kj fogplhtj
jl ebujl
quh
hl
rhftenefjkor
kh ghkej o`kj,
h`trhbj
u`j shújl rhftenefjkj
pulsj`th, phro
por
shr
lj
shújl octh`ekj
kh u`j
rhftenefjfeö`
kh
::3
o`kj
guy
kesfo`te`uj
y
fo`
gufao rezjko,
h`
gufajs
jplefjfeo`hs
hs
`hfhsjreo
usjr rhftenefjkorhs
kh
o`kj fogplhtj fo`
los
fujlhs
hs
poseclh
octh`hr
j
pjrter
kh u`j
shújl
sh`oekjl, u`j
quh
th`bj
lj gesgj
poljrekjk9
ghkeo
feflo
pjrj
fjkj
u`j kh
ljs
jlthr`j`fejs
kh
lj
shújl
kh h`trjkj.
Hstj shújl rhftenefjkj
kh
o`kj
fogplhtj
proporfeo`j
u`j
shújl
quh
teh`h
kos
vhfhs
hlvjlor
kh lj
shújl rhftenefjkj
kh ghkej
o`kj.
Hl
trj`snorgjkor
kh shfu`kjreo kevekeko fo`stj kh
u` coce`jko
fo` kos jrrolljgeh`tos
y
so`
coce`jkos
kh
tjl gj`hrj
quh
lj
th`seö`
e`kufekj
h` u`o
hsth
h` oposefeö`
kh
njsh
fo`
hl khl
otro,
th`eh`ko h`
lj
sjlekj khl
trj`snorgjkor
kos th`seo`hs ebujlhs,
khsnjsjkjs
h`
:14".
Nu`feo`jgeh`to
J`jlezjko
hl rhftenefjkor9
fuj`ko
lj
th`seö` h`
hl
jrrolljgeh`to
suphreor
frhfh,
hl keoko
K:
hs poljrezjko kerhftjgh`th
y
fo`kufh
u`j
forreh`th quh
pjsj
por
SL.
Jl
gesgo
tehgpo,
lj
th`seö`
h`
hl
jrrolljgeh`to e`nhreor
kesge`uyh,
poljrezjko
K3 e`vhrsjgh`th.
Fuj`ko
thrge`j
hl shgefeflo,
lj setujfeö`
sh
e`vehrth,'o
shj9
K3
quhkj
poljrezjko
kerhftjgh`th,
geh`trjs
quh
Kl
hstj cloquhjko.
¡
Lj
forreh`th h`
lj
fjrbj
nluyh
sehgprh
h`
hl
gesgo
sh`teko.
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
:42
:41
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 108/150
HLHf[SÖ@EfJ
HJsEf`
E@KXV[SEJL TJS[H
E
IJE
trruttrl
Hl
vjlor
ghkeo kh lj th`seö`
y
kh
lj
forreh`r"
.`
"sth
tepo
kh rhftenefjkor shrê9
X.,
7
;eI`*`T
E
-X""
ff
H¡ E
Shftenefjkor
kh o`kê
üogplhtj
fo`
puh`th
kh
klkkos
GHFJ@¡FO
KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j"
:41
:45
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 109/150
,t
tr[XJ@
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVEFJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
Fo`fhpto
Hxesth
otro
tepo kh
rhftenefjkor,
h`
hl
fujl
soljgh`th
sh
`hfhsetj
u`
shfu`kjreo
h`
hl
trj`snorgjkor
rhkufeå`kosh
hl
tjgjúo khl gesgo,
y
ko`kh
sh e`thrfo`hftj`
; keokos
h`
u`j
fo`neburjfeö`
h`
puh`th prhsh`tjko
fjrjfthrçstefjs
guy
segeljrhs
jl
khl fjso
j`threor.
Nu`feo`jgeh`to
Kurj`th
hl
preghrshgefeflo
kh
X^,
u`j th`seö`
posetevj
hs
jplefjkj
h`
hl
ê`okokhl
Keoko
K:
y
`
hlfêtokoK;.
H`
fo`shfuh`fej
sölo
K:, h`trj
h`
fo`kuffeö`
yj buh
K;,
sh
h`fuh`trj
poljrezjko
e`vhrsjgh`th.
Fo`
K: h`
fo¡kuffeö`,
lj forreh`th
ferfulj j trjvås
kh
K:, SLy
K3.
Hs `hfhsjreo
`otjrquh
tjgceå` h`
hsth
shgefeflo,
K6
quhkj
pjljrezjko
e`vhrsjgh`th, por
lo
tj`to,
`o
h`trj h`
fo`kuffeö`.
Fuj`ko
lj
poljrekjk
kh lê
th`seö`
kh
h`trjkj
sh
e`vehrth (shbu`ko
shgefeflo),
K :
y
KY
h`trj`
h`
forth.
K6
y
K;
h`to`fhs
quhkj`
kerhftjr`h`th
poljrezjkos
y
h`trj`
h`
fo`kuffeö`.
Lj
forreh`th kh
fjrbj
pjsj
sehgprh
h`
hl
gesgo
sh`teko
y, por
lo
tj`to lj
th`seö`
jsugh
sehgprh
lj
gesgj
poljrekjk.
Hl vjlor
ghkeo
kh lj shújl rhftenefjkj
fo` hsth
tepo
kh
rhftenefjkor
hs
segeljr
jl khl
ferfueto
j`threor9
¡
7
3X
vr``¿
+
-ff
Çf
E
-X..
f"
_g
TS^7
Ù
GHFJ@[FO
KH
GJ@[H@EG|H@[O
::4
:45
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 110/150
HLHf[Sö@rfJ hJ$f`
[@KXV[S[JL
pJS[H
r
,rr
V@¡trE
TJVO
E9
EKH@[ENEFJFEÖru FO¡E FO@KH@VJKOSÅV
H"tjs sh
e`kefj`
ghkej`th
gjb`etukhs
fjrjf,thrçstefjs
rotuljkjs
fo`
`ùghros,
lhtrjs
o
folorhs
h`
nrj`ijs
o
pu`tos.
H`trh
ljs fjrjfthrnstefjs
gês egportj`ths
sh teh`h lj fjpjfekjk
`oge`jl,
lj
tolhrj`fej
kh
fjpjfekjk
y
lj
th`seö`
`oge`jl.
Ljs
fjpjfekjk `oge`jl
Hs lj fjpjfekjk kh u` fo`kh`sjkor
(j
34
"F)
shbtl` lj fujl sh lh
kh`oge`j. Los vjlorhs
kh
fjpjfekjkhs `oge`jlhs so`
los kh
ljs
shkhs
lHF.
Lj
tolhrj`fej
kh
fjpjfekjk
Hs
lj khsvejfeö` jkgeseclh
khl
vjlor rhjl
kh lj
fjpjfekjk
rhsphfto
j
lj
fjpjfekjk `oge`jl.
Hehgplo9
Fjpjfekjk
`oge`
jl33
`N lOoJ
Tortj`toocth`hgosu`gjrbh`khfjpjfekjkkh33`N 3,3`Noshjkh:5,1`Nj3;,3`N.
[h`seö`
`ogl`jl
tr
lj
gjyor
th`s¡ö` fortte`uj
o
ås
hl
gêxego
vjlor
j
quh
puhkh
shr
soghteko
phrgj`h`thgh`th
hl
fo`kh`sjkorj u`j
thgphrjturj jgceh`thkh ;4
oF.
Hstj
th`seö`
`o
khchrê socrhpj$jrsh
h` `¡`bù` fj$o
por
quh
kh lo fo`trjr¡o
sh
forrh
hl rehsbo
kh
phrnorêr
hl
kehlåftrefo
y
khstruer
hl fo`kh`sjkor.
fÖolho
KH
foLoSHV
TJSJ
LJ
fJSJF[HSEYJfEÖ@
KH fO@KHsJ@KoSHs
Bolor
Bêe¡jfmljk
h` Tefonjrjk¡os
tocrjrtflj
[h`heö`
:"
flnrj
seb`enefjtevj
3" fenrj
seb`elefjtevj
njftor
gulteplefjkor
@hbro
4
x :44
n,-YO
j/o
Gjrrö`
:
E
x
:4'
Soio
3
3
x
l4'
384
^
@jrj`ij
h
,
6
x
:4t
Jgjrello
;
;
x :O'
;44
v
^hrkh
8
8
x :4u
Jzul
>
>
x :Ou
>64 ^
Golhtj
2
2
Bres
E
E
Clj`fo
E
E
t
:4ù/o
E
ll
elt
E^ ^
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
::4
:::
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 111/150
99
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVEFJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
,Jl
sHluJ`
Hihgplos
kh
fjrjfthrezjfeö` kh
fo`kh`sj
eltl
korhs.
E
E oor" E E
R
nne
r
D
nne
ne
j)
Fjpjfekjk
9
J.;2
pN
[olhrj`fej
9
t
3Jo/o
[h`seö`
@oge`jl
9
384
^
c)
Fjpjfekjk
9
33 `N
[olhrj`fej
9
t
:4%
[h`seö`
@oge`jl 9
384 ^
f)
Fjpjfekjk
9
6,6
`N
[olhrj`fej
',
9 ',8o/o
[h`seö`
@oge`jl
=
84
^
k)
Fjpjfekjk
9 J,32
¡#
[olhrj`fej
9 * 8%
[h`seö`
@oge`jl 9
;44
^
h)
Fjpjfekjk
9
4,4:
¡rN
[olhrj`fej
9
t
:4j/o
[h`seö`
@oge`jl
9
384 ^
Gjrrö`
@hbro
@jrj`ij
Clj`fo
Soio
GHFJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j"
::3
:::
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 112/150
P
@J@
HLHf[SÖGFJ
HJV¡F@
E@KXV[SEJL TJS[H E
TJVO
39 SHFO@OFnneEH@[O
KH
LOV
FO@KH@VJKOSHV
Los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
Hh
fljsenefj`
h`9 fo`kh`sjkorhs
neios
(fo`kh`sjkorhs
fo` fjpjfekjk
`og
e`jl
neij)
y
fo`kh`sjkorhs
vjrej
clhs
(fo`
fjpjfekjk
`oge`jl
vjrejclh).
Fo`kh`sjkorhs
Nüos
Los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
neios
sh
fljsenefj`
y
kh`oge`j`
jth`keh`ko
jltepo kh gjthrejlquh
utelezj`,
fogo kehlåftrefo
h`9
fo`kh`sjkorhs
kh
pjphl,
kh
plêstefos,
fhrêgefos
,
kh
gefj
y
hlhftrolçtefos.
Fo`kh`sjkorhs
kh
Tjphl
Hxesth`
khkos
tepos=
kh
pjphl
egprhb`jko
quh
teh`h` u`
kehlåftrefo kh kos o
gês
fjpjs
kh
pjphl
kh fhlulo$j.
Ljs jrgjkurjs
hstê`
norgjkjs
por
aoijs
kh
jluge`eo
y
sus
aelos kh
fo`hxeö`
hstê`
solkjkos
j
khlbjkjs
fajpjs
buh
tjgceå` hstê` h`rolljkjs.
Fo`kukor
oo`hkjko
jqul
Aoej ghÅlefj hxlhreor
Klhlöfülfo
kh
prphl
o kh
phlnftlj
Tljfj ghtêlefj
oo`hfljko
jqul
Hl otro
tepo
hs
hl
pjphl
ghtjlezjko,
ko`kh
hl
kehlåftrefo tjgceå`
hs
pjphl
socrh
hl
quh
sh
vjporezj
jl
vjflo
u`j
khlbjkj
fjpj
kh Jluge`eo
o Ye`f.
Fo`
hllos
sh
fo`sebuh`
fjpjfekjkhs
gjyorhs
h`
gh`orhs
kegh`seo`hs
quh
h`
los fo`kh`sjkorhs
kh
pjphl
egprhb`jko.
H` lj
pjrth
nro`tjl khl
fele`kro
sh
e`yhftj
u`j
fjpj
ghtêlefj
quh
servh
kh
fo`hxeö`
pjrj
ljs
pljfjs
y
los
aelos thrge`jlhs.
X`j
brj`
vh`tjij
kh
los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
kh
pjphl
ghtjlezjko
hs su
JX[OSSHBH@HSJFEÖ@. Fuj`ko sh prokufh` h` hllos
u`j
phrnorjfeö`,
lj
faespj provofj
lj
vjporjfeö`
h`
hsh
lubjr
kh
lj khlbjkj
fjpj
ghtêlefj fo`shrvj`ko
hl
kehlåftrefo
h` cuh`js
fo`kefeo`hs
hvetê`kosh
jsç
lj
khstruffeö`
khl fo`kh`sjkor.
Hl tehgpo
kh juto
rhbh`hrjfeö`
hs
jproxegjkjgh`th
:
4
gefroshbu`ko
Jluge`eo
vjporezjko
Ghtjlvjporejko
\
Tuh`ths
kh
Ye`f
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j"
::6
::3
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 113/150
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ CJVEFJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H E
It
VHEX¡g
Fo`kh`sjkorhs
kh
Tlêstefos
[eh`h`
u`
kehlåftrefo.
kh
aoijs
kh gjthrej
plêstefj,
fogo
pole
hsterh`o,
pole
fjrco`jto,
polepropelh`o,
jfhtjtos
kh
fhlulosj, htf.
(h`
lêge`js
gês
khlbjkjs
quh
hl
pjphl)
brjfejs
j
lo
fujl
los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
kh
plêstefo
so`
gês
phquhúos quh
los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
kh
pjphl=
ljs
jrgjkurjs ghtêlefjs
so` kh aoijs
kh jluge`eo
ju`quh
tjgceå` ajy
kh
plêstefo
ghtjlezjko
jsç
gesgo sh juto
rhbh`hrj`
fogo
los
kh
pjphl
ghtjlezjko
ajfeå`kolos
kh
gh`or tjgjúo
pjrj
ljs
gesgjs
fjpjfekjkhs.
Kehlåftrefo
kh
aoijs kh
plêstefo
Fjpjs
ghtjnezjkjs
Fjpj kh fo`tjfto
Aelo
thrge`jl
Fêpsulj
F o`kh`sjkorhs
Fhrêg
e
fos
Hstos fo`kh`sjkorhs
hstrufturj
guy
kh`sj
fuhrpo
fhrêe`efo.
Vh
njcrefj`
h`
norgj
kh
tucos,
kesfos,
phrljs,
trjphzoekhs
y
ge`ejturjs.
Fo`kuflor
(solkjko
j
lj
pljfj)
Kesfo fhrêgefo
Fucehrtj
Jesljgth
Fhrêgefo
Fo`kh`sjkorhs
kh
Gefj
Hstos
teh`h`
u` kehlåftrefo
norgjko
por
lêge`js
kh gefj
y
quh
hstê`
rhfucehrtjs
por
jrgjkurjs
fo`kuftorjs
ceh` jkahrekjs.
Los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
så
norgj`
fo` lêge`js
suhltjs
o
h`
pjquhths.
F
o`kh `sjkorhs
H
lhftrolçtefos
H`
hstos fo`kh`sjkorhs
hl
kehlåftrefo
hs
u`j khlbjkj
fjpj
kh
öxeko,
fo` lo
quh
hs
poseclh
fo`struer
fo` kh`sjkorhs
phq
uhúos
fo
`
brj`khs
fjpjfekjkhs.
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@.[O
o
teh`h`
fogo kehlåftrefo u`j gjs
fhrêgefj
(öxekos
kh
jluge`eo)
kh
kh gj`hrj
quh
lj
aughkjk
`o
puhkj
jsh`tjrsh
h` los
poros
khl
::;
Fo`kuftorhs
::6
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 114/150
IJE
trtu¡g
HLHf[SÖ@EfJ
HJVEF@ E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
Los fo`kh`sjkorhs hlhftrolçtefos
kh
jluge`eo
sh fogpo`h`
kh
u` fele`kro
kh
kos
terjs
kh
jluge`eo
fo`
pjphl fogo
fjpj
e`thrghkej, u`j
kh
ljs
terjs kh
jluge`eo,
hl
polo
posetevo
(ê`oko)
suhlh
shr
êsphrj,
fo`
lo
quh
sh
fo`sebuh
u`j
brj`
fjpjfekjk. Lj otrj terj kh
jluge`eo
servh
kh fo`tjfto
fo`
hl
hlhftröleto.
Hl
pjphl
hstj
egprhb`jko
fo`
hl
hlhftröleto,
hl
fujl
fo`stetuyh
hl
polo
`hbjtevo
(fêtoko).
Hl fele`kro khl
fo`kh`sjkor hlhftrolçtefo
sh
go`tj h`
u`
rhfepeh`th
kh jluge`eo,
Tjrj lj
norgjfeö` sh jplefj j jgcos hlhftrokos
u`j
th`seö` fo`te`uj, fo` lo
quh
sh norgj
socrh
hl
ê`oko
u`j
khlbjkj
fjpj kh öxeko
jlugç`efo
quh
ajfh
kh
kehlåftrefo.
Hl
fo`kh`sjkorhlhftrolçtefo
poljrezjkj
sölo
khch
fo`hftjrsh
j u`j th`seö`
fo`te`uj fo`
lj
poljrekjk e`kefjkj, fjso fo`trjreo sh khsfogpo`h lj fjpj
kh
öxeko
khl
ê`oko. Jkhgês sh
khsprh`kh
tj`to fjlor
y bjshs quh
hl
fo`kh`sjkor
sh
khstruyh.
Tjphl jcoorch`th
egprhb`jko
kh
Aoij
kh
jlugl`eo
(hlhftroko
juxçlejr)
AoIj
kh Jl
j`okezjko
+
Kehlåftrefo9
oxeko kh jluge`eo
Hl
fo`kh`sjkor
hlhftrolçtefo
kh
tê`tjlo
sh fogpo`h
kh u`j aoij
kh
tê`tjlo
quh
ajfh kh
ê`oko
y
hstj
j`olljkj fo`
otrj
aoij
quh
ajfh
kh fêtoko
y
fo`
u` soporth shpjrjkor
poroso.
Hl
rollo
sh
egprhb`j fo`
hlhftroleto,
sh
go`tj
h`
u`
rhfepeh`th
y
sh fehrrj
ahrgåtefjgh`th.
Kurj`th lj
norgjfeö`
sh
prokufh
por
oxekjfeö`
socrh
hl ê`oko
u`j fjpj kh
ph`töxeko
kh
tê`tjlo
quh
ajfh kh kehlåftrefo.
Shsugh` kh ljs
fjrjfthrlstefjs
pre`fepjlhs
kh
los
kenhrh`ths tepos kh
fo`kh`sjkorhs.
Bo`kh`sjkorhs
^j
rejclhs
$o`
kh
kos
tepos9
Los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
berjtoreos y
los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
jiustjclhs
([regghrs).
Los
fo`kh`sjkorhs Be rjtoreos
Los fo`kh`sjkorhs sh fogpo`h`
bh`hrjlgh`th
kh u` fo`iu`to
kh
pljfjs
ghtêlefjs
neio
y
otro
berjtoreo,
hl
kehlåftrefo
suhlh
shr
hl jerh,
ljs
pljfjs
kh
los
keste`tos
fo`kh`sjkorhs
puhkh`
th`hr
shffeo`hs kenhrh`ths.
Hstos
fo`kh`sjkorhs sh
h¡`plhj`
socrh
toko
h`
lj
tåf`efj
kh
GHFJ@EFO KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
::8
::;
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 115/150
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJ$FJ E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
IJV
sHÇXJ@
Iuhbo
kh
pljfjs
berjtorejs
Tljfjs
khl
hstjtor
Tljfj
khl rotor
Fo`kh`sjkor
berjtoreo
Fjpjfekjkhs
9 :4
j
:444
pN
[h`seö`
9;44vj3844v
[olhrj`fej
'.
+
8o/o j=
t
:4o/j
Los
fo`kh`sjkorhs JIustj
clhs
Vo` fo`k'h`sjkorhs
fo`
jrgjkurjs ghtêlefjs
u`os
neios
y
otros gövelhs,
kh`tro kh
los
fujlhs
sh
ucefj
u`
kehlåftrefo
kh
kesfos fhrêgefos,
polehsterh`o
o
gefj,
tjgceå`
sh
lh
lljgj
tregghr
y
sh
utelezj
bh`hrjlgh`th
h`
ferfuetos
egprhsos= servh`
pjrj
jiustjr
u`j
vhz
lj fjpjfekjk
y
lobrjr
u` jiusth kh
prhfeseö`
h` f¡rfuetos hlhftrö`efos kevhrsos.
Fjpjfekjkhs
9
6
j
:84p
[h`seö`
9
>6 j :444
v
[olhrj`fej
9
*
çUo
GHFJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
::8
::>
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 116/150
HLHf[SÖ@EFJ
JJVEF¡
E@KXV[SEJL TJS[H
E
IJt
tr@¡trE
Tjso 69
Go`tjr ferfueto
kh fjrbj
kh
fo`kh`sjko`
:3^
Fhrrjr hl
e`thrruptor V:
tjclj.
y
ghker
hl
tehgpo
buh
hl fo`kh`sjkor khgorj h`
fjrbjrsh,
y
llh`jr
lj
Fjgcejr
hl
fo`kh`sjkory
rhphter
hl
pjso j`threor.
f
[ehgpo
:44 pN
;2
¡#
Vh
puhkh
fo`sekhrjr
fjrbjko hl
fo`kh`sjkor
fuj`ko
llhbj
jl
b4%
khl
voltjih kh
lj nuh`th.
Tjso ;9
Go`tjr ferfueto
kh khsfjrbj
kh
fo`kh`sjkor
Fo`gutjr
hl
e`th`uptor
V3
fo`kh`sjkor
buh
sh
hgplhh.
y
ghker
hl tehgpo
kh khsfjrbj
khl fo`kh`sjkor
shbù`
f
[lhgpo
:44
pN
;2
p,N
Tjso 89
Brjnefjr
los tehgpos
kh
fjrb`
y
khsfjrbj
khl fO`kh`sjkor
hl
t_l
FHEKF
@
*
-n
F7:44pN
F7;2
vN
::>
::2
HFJ@
EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j"
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 117/150
#t
VH@J@
fo@KH@sJKoars
Los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
so`
fogpo`h`ths
pjsevos
keshújkos
fo`
hl ne`
kh
jlgjfh`jr
h`hrbçj
hlhftrostêtefj
o
prhsh`tjr
u`j
fjpjfekjk hlåftrefj khthrge`jkj. Otrj norgj
kh
khne`erlo shrçj
lj sebueh`th9
fogpo`h`ths
pjsevos
kh
kos,thrge`jlhs
h` los
quh
lj e`th`sekjk
quh
los
jtrjvehsj
(jpjrh`thgh`th)
hs
proporfeo`jl
j
lj vjrejfeö`
kh
th`seö`
hxesth`th
h`trh
sus
thrr`e`jlhs
rhsphfto
jl tehgpo.
Vupo`bj
quh
kos lêge`js
kh
ghtjl
sh folofj`
pröxegjs
h`trh
sç
(phro
se` tofjrsh)
y
quh
hstê`
fo`hftjkjs
j
u`j
cjthrçj j
trjvås kh
u`
fo`gutjkor,
tjlfogo
sh guhstrj
h`
lj neburj.
H`
hl
e`stj`th
h`
quh
sh
fehrrj
hl
e`thrruptor,
los
hlhftro`hs
shrê`
jtrjçkos
khskh
lj
pljfj
suphreor
ajfej
hI
thrge`jl
posetevo
kh lj
cjthrçj,
y
hl-gesgo
`ùghro
kh hllos
shrê`
rhphlekos
ajfej
lj
pljfj
e`nhreor khskh
hl
thrge`jl
`hbjtevo
kh lj
cjthrçj,
$h
govhrê`
sunefeh`ths
hlhftro`hs
ajfej
u`j
pljfj
o khskh lj
otrj
ajstj fo`shbuer
quh
lj
NHG
h`trh
hlljs
shj
lj
gesgj
quh
lj NHG
kh
lj cjthrçj.
Ve
hl fo`gutjkor
sh
jcrh
khspuås
kh
quh
ljs
pljfjs
ajyj`
seko
fjrbjkjs
kh hstj norgj,
lj
pljfj
suphreor
phrgj`hfhrê
fo`
u`j
khnefeh`fej
kh
hlhftro`hs
y
lj
e`nhreor
fo`
u` hxfhso.
Kjko
quh
`o
ajy
u` fjge`o
pjrj
lj
forreh`th
h`trh
hlljs,
ljs
pljfjs
phrgj`hfh`
fjrbjkjs
j
phsjr
kh
quh
lj
cjthrçj
yj
`o
hstê
fo`hftjkj.
Ve sh
tofj
fo`
u`
fjclh
fo`kuftor ljs
kos
pljfjs
(fortoferfuetê`koljs),
hlhxfhso
kh
hlhftro`hs
kh
lj
pljfj
e`nhreor
ferfuljrê
por
hl
fjclh
ajfej lj
pnjfj
suphreor,
rhstjclhfeh`ko
por
tj`to
lj `hutrjlekjk
hlåftrefj.
Ljs
pljfjs
sh
aj`
khsfjrbjko.
Ljs
kos
pljfjs
fo`stetuyh`
u`
fo`kh`sjkor
hlåftrefo=
u`
fo`kh`sjkor poshh
lj
propehkjk
kh
jlgjfh`jr
hlhftrefekjk
h` hl
fjgpo
hlåftreqo
h`trh
ljs
kos
pljfjs.
Kurj`th
hl tehgpo
h`
quh
los
hlhftro`hs
sh
guhvh`
-o
shj,
geh`trjs
hl
fo`kh`sjkor
hstê
seh`ko
fjrbjko
o
khsfjrbjko-
ferfulj
forreh`th
h`
hl
ferfueto j
phsjr
kh
quh,
jpjrh`thgh`th,
hl
ferfueto
hstê
roto
por
hl
hspjfeo
h`trh
ljs
kos
pljfjs
khl
fo`kh`sjkor.
Ve` hgcjrbo,
lj
forreh`th
ferfulj
soljgh`th
kurj`th
hltehgpo
kh fjrbj
y
khsfjrbj,
y
hsth
tehgpo
hs
bh`hrjlgh`th
guy
crhvh.
Lj
forreh`th
fo`te`uj
`o
puhkh
pjsjrj
trjvås kh u`
fo`kh`sjkor=
se`
hgcjrbo,
u`j
forreh`th
::1
9"
:nl
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CÊVEFJ
E@KXXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
J
E
E
TLJFJV
GH[ÊLEFJV
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 118/150
IE
tr@¡trl
HLHf[SÖ@EfJ
HJVrfH
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
Tosetevjgh`th
por
lj
hxfurseö`
posetevj
kh :
forreh`th
jlthr`j,
lj
otrj
pljfj
sh
fjrbj
`hbjtevjgh`th. Lj forreh`th posetevj quh ferfulj ajfej u`j pljfj, ajfh quh otrj
forreh`th
ebujl
jcj`ko`h
lj
otrj
pljfj
kurj`th
getjk khl feflo,
geh`trjs
quh
ofurrh
lo
fo`trjreo kurj`th
lj
otrj
getjk
khlfeflo.
Lj
fjrbj o fj`tekjk
kh hlhftrefekjk
quh puhkh
shr jlgjfh`jkj
h`
ljs
pljfjs
kh u`
fo`kh`sjkor hs
proporfeo`jl
j lj th`seö`
jplefjkj
y
j lj
fjpjfekjk khl
fo`kh`sjkor
Z7
B^
ko`kh
Z
7
fjrbj
h`
fulogceos
F
7
fjpjfekjk
h`
njrjkeos
7
poth`fejlh`
volteos
Lj h`hrbçj
jlgjfh`jkj
h`
u` fo`kh`sjkor
hs
tjgceå`
u`j
nu`feö`
khl
poth`fejl
lj
fjpjfekjk
ko`kh
\¡r{
7
]'7
F7
:¡ln7(^3xF^z
h`hrb
çj h`
iuleos
(vjteos-shbu
`ko)
poth`fejlh`
volteos
fjpjfekjk
h`
njrjkeos
Hl `ughrjkor
kh
hstj hxprhseö`
puhkh
shr khkufeko nêfelgh`th
kh ljs
khne`efeo`hs
kjkjs
j`threorgh`th
pjrj
fjrbj, fjpjfekjk,
fo`eh`th,
poth`fej
y
h`hrbçj,
Ve` hgcjrbo, hl
kh`oge`jkor
`o
hs
tj`
ocveo. Jpjrhfh
porquh
lj
th`seö`
j
trjvås
kh
u` fo`kh`sjkor
`o
hs
fo`stj`th,
se`o
quh
hs
u`j
nu`feö` khltehgpo.
Lj
th`seö`
proghkeo
kh u` e`thrvjlo
kh
tehgpo
khthrge`j lj
h`hrbçj
jlgjfh`jkj.
Lj
khph`kh`fej
rhsphfto
jl
tehgpo
kh
lj th`seö`
kh
u`
fo`kh`sjkor
sh khsfrech
h`
lj
shffeö`
quh
trjtj kh lj
fo`stj`th
kh tehgpo. Fuj`to gjyorhs shê` ljs
pljfjs
y
gh`orhlhspjfeo
h`trh
hlljs, gjyor shrê lj fjpjfekjk.
Lj
fjpjfekjk khph`kh tjgceå` khl tepo kh gjthrejl jeslj`th
h`trh ljs
pljfjs=
lj gês
phquhúj
hs
fo`
jesljgeh`to
kh jerh,
y
sustetuyh`ko
hl
jerh
por
otros
gjthrejlhs
jeslj`ths
sh
puhkh
jugh`tjr
lj fjpjfekjk
gufajs vhfhs.
Lj
rhljfeö`
h`trh lj
fjpjfekjk
fo` jnbl` gjthrejl
keste`to
khl
jerh h`t¡h ljs
pljfjs
y
lj
fjpjfekjk
khl gesgo
fo`kh`sjkor
fo`
jesljgeh`to
kh
jerh,
sh
lljgj
öo`stj`th
kehlåfüefj
kh
hsh
gjthrejlh`
pjrtefuljr.
Jl gjthrejl
gesgo
sh
lh lljgj
kehlåftrefo,
Veu`j aoij
kh
polehsterh`o
sustetuyh
jl
jerh'h`trh ljs
pljfjs
kh u`
fo`kh`sjkor,
por
hihgplo,
lj fjpjfekjk
jugh`tj rê3,>
GHBJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
::5
::1
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 119/150
HLHf[SÖ@EFJ
bJV¡FS
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
nt
V@J@
X@EKJKHV
KH FJTJFEKJK
Lj
u`ekjk cêsefj kh
fjpjfekjk
hs
hlnjrjkeor
phro
hstj u`ekjk hs
hxfhsevjgh`th
brj`kh
pjrj
shr utelezjkj h` lj
prêftefj.
Lj
fjpjfekjk sh
gekh usujlgh`th h` gefronjrjkeos
(pN)
o
pefonjrjkeos
(pN)
Hl
gefronjrjkeo
hs u`j gello`åsegj
pjrth
kh
njrjkeo
y
hl
pefonjrjkeo
hs u`j cello`åsegj
pjrth
kh
njrjkeo.
Los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
fjse
sehgprh
teh`h`
gês
kh
kos
pljfjs,
fo`hftj`ko
h`trh
sÇ
pljfjs
jlthr`jkjs
pjrj
norgjrkos fo`iu`tos tjlfogo sh
e`kefj
h`
lj neburj.
Hsto
ajfh
poseclh
octh`hr
brj`khs
fjpjfekjkhs
h`
pofo
hspjfeo,
yj
quh
sh
puhkh`
jpeljr
`eufajs
pljfjs
kh
phquhúo
tjgjúo
pjrj
norgjrhl
hquevjlh`th
kh
u`j
ù`efj
pljfj
brj`kh
kh
lj
gesgj
suphrnefeh.
Jsegesgo, tokjs
ljs
pljfjs
hxfhpto
ljs
kh
los
hxtrhgos
hstê`
h`nrh`tjkjs
j
pljfjs
khl
otro
brupo
por
jgcos
ljkos,
y
jsç
so`
koclhgh`th
hnhftevjs
pjrj
jugh`tjr lj
fjpjfekjk
Lj
nörgulj
pjrj
fjlfuljr
lj
fjpjfekjk
hs9
F74,4113x(MJlk) x
(`-
:)
ko`kh9
F
7
fjpjfekjk h`
pN
M
7
fo`stj`th kehlåftrefj
khlgjthrejlh`trh
pljfjs
J
7
êrhj kh
u`
ljko kh u`j
pljfj
h`
fg3
k
7
shpjrjfeö` h`trh
pljfjs
h`
fg
`
7
`ughro kh
pljfjs
Ve ljs
pljfjs
kh
u`
brupo
`o teh`h` lj gesgj
suphrnefeh
quh
ljs
khl
otro,
ush
hl êrhj kh
ljs
pljfjs gês
phquhújs,
Fo`kh`sjkorhs
h` rjkeo
¡
Los
tepos
kh fo`kh`sjkorhs
quh
sh usj` h`
go`tjihs
kh rjkeo
kenehrh`
fo`s¡khrjclhgh`th
h`
tjgjúo nçsefo,
fo`struffeö`
y
fjpjfekjk.
H` los
fo`kh`sjkorhs vjrejclhs (fjse
sehgprh kh
kehlåftrefo kh
jerh), u`
iuhbo
kh
pljfjs
sh fo`struyh
gövel
fo`
rhsphfto
jl
otro
pjrj
pokhr
vjrejr lj
fjpjfekjk.
GHFJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
::5
:34
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 120/150
P
@¡trl
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVHJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H E
Los fo`kh`sjkorhs
neios
-los
quh
teh`h`
u`
ù`efo vjlor,
`o
jiustjclh,
kh
fjpjfekjk-
sh
puhkh`
fo`struer
tjgceå`
fo`
pljfjs
ghtêlefjs
y
hl
jerh
fogo
kehlåftrefo.
Ve`
hgcjrbo,
los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
neios,'`orgjlgh`th
sh
fo`struyh` fo`
pljfjs
kh
lêge`j
ghtêlefj
fo`
u` kehlåftrefo
ne`o, söleko
o
lnqueko, hgpjrhkjko
por
ljs
pljfjs=
kh
hstj
norgj
sh
octeh`h`
fjpjfekjkhs
rhljtevjgh`th
brj`khs
h` u`ekjkhs
phquhújs.
Los
kehlåftrefos
sölekos
quh
sh usj`
fogù`gh`th
so`
gefj,
pjphl y
fhrêgefjs
hsphfejlhs,
X` hihgplo
kh
kehlåftrefo
lçqueko
hs
hl jfheth
g¡`hrjl. Los
fo`kh`sjkorhs hlhftrolntefos
usj`
pljfjs
kh
lêge`j
kh
jluge`eo
fo`
u`
fogpo`h`th
fo`kuftor
shgelçqueko.
Hl kehlåftrefo
rhjl hs u`j
phltfulj
kh
gjthrejl
jeslj`th
quh
sh
norgj h` u`
iuhbo
kh
pljfjs
brjfejs
j
u`j jffeö`
hlhftroghfê`efj
fuj`ko sh jplefj u`j th`seö`
kh
FF
jlfo`kh`sjkor.
Tjrj u`j.suphrnefeh
kh
pljfj
khthrge`jkj,
lj
fjpjfekjk
octh`ekj
h`
los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
hlhftrolçtefos ss
guy
brj`kh
fogpjrjkj
fo`
fo`kh`sjkorhs
quh
th`bj`
otro
kehlåftrefo,
yj
quh
lj
phlnfulj
hs
guy
ne`j, gufao
gês
quh
lj
quh puhkh
octh`hrsh h` lj
prêftefj
fo`
fuj
lqu ehr
kehlåftrefo
söleko.
Hl
uso
kh
fo`kh`sjkorhs
hlhftrolçtefos
y
kh jfheth
sh
legetj
jl
neltrjko kh ljs
nuh`ths
kh
jlegh`tjfeö`
y
j jplefjfeo`hs
kh
khsjfoplo
kh
jukeo
khceko j
quh
sus kehlåftrefos
teh`h`
brj`khs pårkekjs
h`
nrhfuh`fejs
gês jltjs.
Los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
kh
gefj
y
fhrêgefj
sh
usj`
h`
hlgjrbh`
kh
nrhfuh`fej khskh jukeo
ajstj gufaos feh`tos kh
ghbjahrfeos.
[h`seö`
kh
rupturj
Fuj`ko
sh
jplefj
u`j
th`seö`
hlhvjkj
j
ljs
pljfjs
kh u` fo`kh`sjkor,
sh
hehrfh u`j
fo`sekhrjclh
nuhrzj
socrh
los
hlhftro`hs
y
`ùflhos
khl kehlåftrefo.
Hl
kehlåftrefo
hs u`
jeslj`th=
los hlhftro`hs
`o
puhkh`
shr
khspljzjkos
khl
`ùflho fogo lo
ajfh` h`
los
fo`kuftorhs.
Ve
lj
nuhrzj
hs cjstj`th
brj`kh,
hl
kehlåftrefo sh
rogphrê9
`orgjlgh`th
sh
phrnorjrê
y
prhsh`tjrê
u`
fjge`o
kh cjij
rhsesth`fej
j
lj forreh`th
h`trh
ljs kos
pljfjs.
Lj
th`seö`
kh
rupturj
buh
u` kehlåftrefo
puhkh
soportjr khph`kh
khl
tepo
y
hsphsor
khl
kehlåftrefo.
Lj
th`seö`
kh
rupturj
`o
hs
kerhftjgh`th proporfeo`jl
jl
hsphsor=
o
shj,
koclj`ko
hl hsphsor
`o sh
koclj
lj
th`seö`
kh rupturj.
Ve hl
kehlåftrefo
hs
hl jerh
o
fujlquehr
otro
bjs,
lj
rupturj sh
jprhfej
por
u`j
faespj
o jrfo h`trh
ljs
pljfjs.
Fuj`ko
sh
khsfo`hftj
lj th`seö` hl jrfo
fhsj
y
hl
fo`kh`sjkor
puhkh
usjrså
otrj
vhz.
Los kehlåftrefos
sölekos
quhkj` phrgj`h`thgh`th
khthreorjkos
por
lj rupturj,
y
j gh`uko sh
fortoferfuetjrê`
totj lgh`th,
nu`keå`kosh
o hxplotj
`ko.
Lj
rupturj
sh
prokufh
j
th`seo`hs
gh`orhs
h`
suphrnefehs
pu`tejbukjs
o jneljkjs
quh
h`trh
_suphrnefehs
rhko`khjkjs
o
pulekjs=
h`
fo`shfuh`fej,
lj
th`seö` kh rupturj h`trh
pljfjs
ghtêlefjs
fo`
u`j shpjrjfeö`
kjkj
puhkh
shr jur]h`tjkj rhcjij`ko los hxtrhgos
kh ljs
GHFJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
:3:
:34
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 121/150
*t
trnuJ`
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVEFJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
Tuhsto
quh
hl
kehlåftrefo
khch shrbruhso
pjrj
soportjrjltjs
th`seo`hs
y
puhsto
quh
fuj`to
gês bruhso
hs hl
kehlåftrefo gh`or
hs lj
fjpjfekjk
pjrj u`j
suphrnefeh
kh
pljfjs
khthrge`jkj,
u`
fo`kh`sjkor
kh
jltj th`seö` khch
th`hr gjyor
suphrnefeh
kh
pljfjs
quh
otro
kh
cjij th`seö`
kh
lj
gesgj fjpjfekjk.
Los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
kh
jltj
th`seö`
y
jltj fjpjfekjk so` nçsefjgh`th
brj`khs.
FO@KH@VJKOSHV
H@
VHSEH
U H@ TJSJLHLO
Los tårge`os
pjrjlhlo
y
shreh fuj`ko sh jplefj` j.los
fo`kh`sjkorhs,
teh`h`
u` seb`enefjko
segeljr
quh pjrj
los
rhsestorhs.
Fuj`ko fehrto `ùghro
kh
fo`kh`sjkorhs
sh fo`hftj`
h`
pjrjlhlo
fogo
h`
lj
neburj J,
lj
fjpjfekjk totjl
khl
brupo
hs ebujl
j
lj
sugj
kh
ljs
fjpjfekjkhs e`kevekujlhs9
+F3+F6+
F6
NXH@[H
KH
NHG
Fuj`ko
kos
o
gês
fo`kh`sjkorhs
sh fo`hftj` h` shreh,
fogo
h` lj neburj
C, lj
fjpjfekjk
totjl
hs
g ês
phquhúj
quh
lj
gh`or
kh ljs
fjpjfekjkhs
khl
brupo.
Lj
nörgulj
pjrj
octh`hr
lj
fjpjfekjk kh
u`
brupo
kh
fo`kh`sjkorhs fo`hftjkos
h` shreh hs
lj
gesgj
quh
lj
quh
phrgetçj
octh`hr lj rhsesth`fej
kh u`
`ùghro
kh
rhsestorhs
fo`hftjkos
h`
pjrjlhlo.
4 shj,
Ftotjt
7
E t(E
t5ll+(:
tFY)+(l /f
b)+...
y
fo` sölo
kos
fo`kh`sjkorhs
h` shreh,
'
Ftotjl
7
(Flxf3)
x
(F:
xf?l
Vh khch`
utelezjr sehgprh
ljs
gesgjs u`ekjkhs
h` tokos los
tårge`os=
o
shj, tokjs
ljs
fjpjfekjkhs
khch`
hxprhsjrsh
h`
gefroN o
h`
pN=
jgcos
tepos
kh
u`ekjkhs `o
puhkh`
usjrsh
j
lj
vhz
h`
lj gesgj
hfujfeö`.
@orgjlgh`th,
los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
sh
fo`hftj`
h`
pjrjlhlo
pjrj
octh`hr
gjyorhs
fjpjfekjkhs
buh
fo`
u`o solo
Lj
thrtseö`
gês
jltj
quh
puhkh
jplefjrsh
fo` shburekjk
j u`
brupo
kh fo`kh`sjkorhs
h`
pjrjlhlo
hs lj
th`seö`
quh
puhkh
jplefjrsh
fo`
shburekjk
jl
fo`kh`sjkor
quh
th`bj ljs
gh `orhs
fj rjfthrçstefjs
kh
th`seö`
.
(J)
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@
EGEH@.[O
j
:3:
:33
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 122/150
Irr
trtu¡trr HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVEFJ E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
Fuj`ko
los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
sh
fo`hftj`
h` shreh,
lj'th`seö`
jplefjkj
sh
kevekh
h`trh
hllos kh
jfuhrko fo`
lj
preghrj
lhy
kh Merfaaonn,
y lj
setujfeö` hs
lj
gesgj quh fuj`ko
los
rhsestorhs
hstê` h` shreh
y
ajy fjçkj
kh th`seö`
j
trjvås
kh
fjkj
u`o.
Lj
th`seö`
quh
jpjrhfh
h` los
thrge`jlhs
kh fjkj fo`kh`sjkor
kh
u`
brupo
fo`hftjko
h`
shreh
hs e`vhrsjgh`th
proporfeo`jl
j
su
fjpjfekjk,
fogpjrjkj
fo`
lj
fjpjfekjk
totjl
khl
brupo.
Hihgplo9
[rhs
fo`kh`sjkorhs,
fo`
fjpjfekjkhs
rhsphftevjs
kh :, 3
y
; gefroN hstê`
fo`hftjkos
h`
shreh
fogo sh guhstrj
h`
lj
neburj,
Lj fjpjfekjk
totjl
hs9
F7
: t
(:
tFX+(:
tF3)+(
: /F6)
F*
: E
(: t
:l+(:
t3)+(:
:;)
F7:
E
(2
l;)7;
nt
7J,82
:
g
efro N
Lj
th`seö` j trjvås kh fjkj
fo`kh`sjkor
hs
proporfeo`jl
j
lj
fjpjfekjk
totjl kevekekj
por
lj
fjpjfekjk
khl fo`kh`sjkor
h` fuhsteö`=
por
tj`to lj
th`seö`
h` los thrge`jlhs
kh
Fl hs9
T:
7(4,82
:
l:)x34447:
: ;6 ^
Kh
norgj segeljr,
ljs
th`seo`hs
h`
F3
y
Fj
so`9
H3
*
(4,82:
l3l x 3444 7 82: ^
H6
7
(4,82:
l;l
Q
3444
7
31>
^
Lj
sugj
kh hstjs th`seo`hs hs
ebujlj
3444
^
lj
th`seö` jplefjkj.
Los fo`kh`sjkorhs sh fo`hftj`
nrhfuh`thgh`th
h`
shreh
pjrj phrgeter
jl
brupo
soportjr u`j
th`seö`
gjyor
(j
hxph`sjs
kh
u`
khsfh`so
kh lj
fjpjfekjk
totjl) kh lj
quh
fujlquehr
fo`kh`sjkor
e`kevekujl
puhkh
soportjr.
Ve`
hgcjrbo,
fogo
sh veo
h` hl hihgplo j`threor,
lj
th`seö`
`o
sh
kevekh
por
ebujl
h`trh
los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
(hxfhpto
fuj`ko
tokjs
ljs
fjpjfekjkhs
so` hxjftjgh`th
ebujlhs),
y por
tj`to ajy
quh
th`hr fuekjko
y
jshburjr
buh
GHFJ@EFO KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
f:
lpN
f3
3pN
f6
;pN
H
73444
^
:33
:36
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 123/150
IE
sH@¡[@
Ht-Hfr`ö@tfJ
hJstf`
[@KXV[SEJL
pJS[H
E
FJSBJUKHVFJSBJ
KH
X@
FO@KH@VJKOS
FO@V[J@[H KH
[EHGTO SF
t
Lj fo`hxeö`
kh
u`j nuh`th
kh
NHG
kerhftjgh`th
j los thrge`jlhs
kh
u` fo`kh`sjkor ajfh
quh
åsth
sh
fjrbuh
fjse
e`stj`tê`hjgh`th
ajstj hl
vjlor
kh
lj
NHG.
Ve hl
ferfueto e`fluyh
rhsesth`fej,
fogo
h`
lj
neburjJ,
lj
rpsesth`fej
legetj
lj
ferfuljfüe`
kh
forreh`th.
Vh `hfhs¡tj
rer
tehgpo jprhfejclh
pjrj quh
lj
NHG
h`trh ljs
pljfjs
khl
fo`kh`sjkor jtfj`fh
hl gesgo vjlor
quh
lj
NHG
kh
lj nuh`th. Kurj`th hsth
phrçoko
kh
fjrbj,
lj
forreh`th
kesge`uyh
kh
su
vjlor
e`efejl,
puhsto
quh
lj
NHG
jlgjfh`jkj
h`
hl fo`kh`sjkor
jugh`tj,
onrhfeh`ko
frhfeh`th
oposefeö`
j
lj
NHG neij
kh
lj nuh`th.
Lj
th`seö`
hs u`j
nu`feö`
hxpo`h`fejl khl tehgpo kurj`th
hl
fujl hl
fo`kh`sjkor hs
fjrbjko
y
veh`h kêko
por9
^u,7H(:
-h-uSf)
ko`kh
^(t)
7
NHG
khl
fo`kh`sjkor
h` t
H
7
poth`fejl
kh
lj
nuh`th
quh
fjrbj
h` volteos
t
*
tehgpo
h`
shbu`kos
khskh
hl e`efeo kh lj
forreh`th
kh
fjrbj.
h
7
cjsh
kh
los lobjretgo$
`hphrej`os 3,2:1
S
7
rhsesth`fej
khl
ferfueto h` oageos
F
7
fjpjfekjk
h`
njrjkeos
'
[hörefjgh`th, hl profhso kh
fjrbj
`o
thrge`j
`u`fj, phro, fo` hl tehgpo,
lj
forreh`th
kh
fjrbj
fjh
j u`
vjlor
e`ghkeclh.
Fuj`ko
t
7
SF, lj hfujfeö`
j`threor
`os
kj9
^,*",
7
H
(:
-
h-')
*
4'>63
H
Hl
prokufto
kh S
h`
oageos
y
F
h` njrjkeos
sh lljgj
fo`stj`th
kh tehgpo khl
ferfueto
y
hs
hl
tehgpo
h`
shbu`kos
quh
sh
prhfesj pjrj
fjrbjr hl fo`kh`sjkor
jl
>6,3
o/o
kh lj
th`seö`
S
GHFJ@[FO
KH GJ@[H@[Gn
H@[O
j"
:36
:3;
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 124/150
ú
nne]X¡G HLHB[SÖ@CJ HJVEfS
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H E
Khspuås
kh
kos vhfhs
lj
fo`stj`th
kh
tehgpo
(tf
zSF)
hlfo`kh`sjkorsh
fjrbj
otro
>6,34/o
khl 6>
olo
rhstj`t€
kh lj
th`seö`
huge`estrjkj
y
lj
fjrbj hhrê
khl
1>,8
jlo.
Khspuå
s kh
trhs
vhfhs
lj fo`stj`th
kh tehgpo,
hl
fo`kh`sjkor
jlfj`zj
hl
b8
[j kh
lj th`seö`
jplefjkj
y
jsl
sufhsevjr`h`th,
fogo sh
guhstrj
h`
lj
furvj kh lj
neburjJ.
o
['
o
o
f
o
:t
F
o
(,
|¡¡
f
o
€
o
f
T
s
:44
14
>4
{4
o
lt
o
o
f
4t
?
o
'
(K
f
o
Å
.o
a
rb
¡h
:44
14
>4
34
4
SF
3SF
[lhgpo
{J}
6SF
SF
3SF
[lhgpo
{C}
6SF
$e
u`
fo`kh`sjkor fjrbjko sh khsfjrbj j trjvås kh
u`j
rhsesth`fej,
fogo
sh
e`kefj
h`
lj
neburj
C, sh
jplefj lj
gesgj
fo`stj`th
kh
tehgpo
pjrj
lj
fjlkj
kh
th`seö`
khl
fo`kh`sjkor, Ve
`o
aucehrj
rhsesth`fej,
hl fo`kh`sjkor
sh
khsfjrbjrçj
e`ghkejtjghrtth
quh
sh fhrrjrj V.
Ve`
hgcjrbo,
lj
th`seö`
khlfo`kh`sjkor
`o
puhkh
cjijr
j
fhro e`stj`tê`hjgh`th,
puhsto
quh
S
legetj lj
ferfuljfeö`
kh
forreh`th=
por
tj`to,
lj
th`seö`
khl
fo`kh`sjkor
khsfh`khrê
tj`
rêpekj
fogo
puhkj
hlege`jr
su
fjrbj
j
trjvås
kh
S.
Fuj`ko
hl
fo`kh`sjkor
sh
khsfjrbj
j
trjvås
kh
u`j rhsesth`fej,
lj
fo`stj`th
kh
tehgpo
(fjlfuljkj
kh
lj
gesgj
norgj
quh
j`ths)
hs hltehgpo,
h` shbu`kos,
quh
tjrkj
hl
fo`kh`sjkor h`
phrkhr
hl
>6,3
olj
kh
su th`seö`,
o
shj
pjrj
quh
lj
th`seö` khsfeh`kj
j|6>,1
%
kh
su
vjlor e`efejl.
Lj th`seö`
fogo
nu`feö`
khltehgpo
kh
khsfjrbj
khl
fo`kh`sjkor
sh octeh`h
por9
^o'
7
H
(h-'"")
ko`kh
t
7tehgpo
h` shbu`kos
khskh
hl
e`efeo
kh
lj
khsfjrbj
Khskh hl
pu`to
kh
vestj
fo`struftevo,
u`
fo`kh`sjkor
hstê
fo`stetueko
por
kos
pljfjs
fo`kuftorjs
shpjrjkjs
por
u`
gjthrejl kehlåftrefo.
H` su e`threor
sh hstjclhfh u`
fjgpo
'hlåftrefo,
se`
pårkekj
kh h`hrbnj,
fogo fo`shfuh`fej kh lj
poljrezjfeö`
kehlåftrefj
(`o
fo`nu`ker gjthrejl
jeslj`th
y
kehlåftrefo, tokos
los
kehlåftrefos
so` jeslj`ths,
phro
`o
tokos
los
jeslj`ths
so` kehlåftrefos= los kehlåftrefos
so`
gjthrejlhh
`o fo`kuftorhs
h` loh
quh
rhsultj
poseclh
su
poljrezjfeö`).
Lj fjpjfekjk
kh
u`
fo`kh`sjkor
vj j
khph`khr
khl
tjgjúo
kh sus
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
,J
.
Fjr
lj
/
/
/
\
\
¿'
Kbfnlr ¡j
\
:3;
:38
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 125/150
rt
VH[XJ@
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CÊVEFJ E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
lbujl
quh
h`
ljs
rhsesth`fejs
`os
vjgos
j
h`fo`trjr
fo`
fo`kh`sjkorhs9
R
Fo`kh`sjkorhs nüos9 su vjlor
fjpjfetevo
`o
,*
pr"Oh
jlthrjr.
\#Zb`'kh`bjG9VhpuhkhgokenefjrVufjpjfekjkkh`trokhu`os
gêrbh`hs
khthrg e`jkosP
Fjrjfthrçs
tefjs
tåf
`efjs
R
Fjpjfekjk
`oge`jl
(F")9
hs
lj
fjpjfekjk
quh
sh hsphrj
quh
th`bj
hl fo`kh`sjkor.
Hstos
vjlorhs
suhlh`
forrhspo`khrsh
fo`
vjlorhs
`orgjlezjkos
kh
lj
shreh H-:3,
ju`quh
tjgceå`
sh usj` los
kh ljs
shrehs H->
y
H-3;,
quh
so` los
gesgos
qüh
sh
kj`
pjrj
rhsesth`fejs
(
vhrs.hrehs
kh.vjlorhs
`orgjlezjkos
pjrj.rhsesth`fejs
pjrj
ljs
shrehs
fetjkjs).
R
[olhrj`fej9
hs
lj
vjrejfeö`
quh
puhkh
prhsh`tjr
rhsphfto
jl
vjlor
`oge`jl
khl
fo`kh`sjkor
kjko
por
hl
njcrefj`th.
Vh hxprhsj
h`
j/o
y
puhkh
shr
jsegåtrefj
(-j
+c
Uo).
R Fohnefeh`th
kh
thgphrjturj9
hxprhsj
lj
vjrejfeö`
khl vjlor
khl
fo`kh`sjkor
fo` lj
thgphrjturj.
Vh suhlh
hxprhsjr h`
o/oljF
(tj`to
por
feh`to
por
brjko
fh`tçbrjko),
o h`
ppg/oF
(pjrths
por
gellö`
por
brjko
fh`tçbrjko).
R
[h`seö` gêxegj
kh
nu`feo`jgeh`to
(^")9
tjr`ceå` lljgjkj
th`seö`
`oge`jl,
hs lj
gêxegj
th`seö`
fo`te`uj
o jlthr`j hÇefjz
quh
sh lh
puhkh
jplefjr
jl fo`kh`sjkor
kh
norgj
fo`te`uj
y
j
u`j thgphrjturj gh`or
j
lj
gêxegj
kh nu`feo`jgeh`to,
se`
quh
hsth
sunrj
jlbù` khthreoro.
R [h`seö`
kh
pefo
(^o)9
gêxegj
th`seö`
quh
sh
puhkh
jplefjr
kurj`th
u`
crhvh e`thrvjlo
kh
tehgpo.
Vu vjlor
hs
suphreor j
lj
th`seö` gêxegj
kh
nu`feo`jgeh`to.
R Forreh`th
`oge`jl
(:")9
hs hl vjlorfo`te`uo
o hnefjzkh lj
forreh`th
gêxegj
jkgeseclh
pjrj
u`j
nrhfuh`fej
kjkj h`
lj
quh
hl
fo`kh`sjkor puhkh trjcjijr
kh norgj
fo`te`uj
y
j
u`j
thgphrjturj
e`nhreor
j lj gêxegj
kh
nu`feo`jgeh`to.
R
Forreh`th
kh
nubjs
(:,)9
phquhúj
forreh`th
quh
ajfh
feuh
hl
fo`kh`sjkor
sh
khsfjrbuh
j
lo ljrbo
khl
tehgpo.
R
R
Njftor
kh
.phrkekjs
(tbÖ)9
thörefjgh`th fuj`ko
sh
jplefj
u`j
th`seö`
jlthr`j
j
u`
fo`kh`sjkor sh
prokufh
u`
khsnjsh
kh
lj
forreh`th rhsphfto
j
lj
th`seö` kh
54o
kh
jkhlj`to,
phro
-
h`
lj
prêftefj
hsto
`o
hs jsç
. Lj
kenhrh`fej h`trh
hstks
b4o
y
hl
khsnjsh
rhjl
sh
kh`oge`j ê`bulo
kh
pårkekjs.
khsnjsh
rhjl
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EG
lHl,{[O
j
:38
:3>
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 126/150
I.t
V@¡G HLHf[Sö@tfJ
hJslf`
E@KXV[SEJL
pJS[H
E
FO@KH@VJKOSHV
NEIOV
Hstos fo`kh`sjkorhs
teh`h`
u`j
fjpjfekjk
neij
khthnr`e`jkj
por
hl
njcrefj`th
y
su
vjlor
`o sh
puhkh
gokenefjr.
Vus
fjrjfthrlstefjs khph`kh`
pre`fepjlgh`th
khl
tepo
kh
kehlåftrefo
utelezjko,
kh
tjl
norgj
buh
los `ogcrhs
kh los
kevhrsos
tepos sh
forrhspo`kh` fo`
los
`ogcrhs
khl
kehlåftrefo
usjko.
Kh hstj norgj
pokhgos
keste`buer
los
sebueh`ths
tepos9
k
Kh
pjphl
k Fhrêgefos.
k
Tlêstefo.
k
Gefj.
k
Hlhftrolntefos.
k
Kh
koclh
fjpj htåftrefj.
Bo`kh`sjko?hs
kh Tjphl
Hxesth` kh kos tepos=
kh
pjphl
egprhb`jko
quh
teh`h`
u`
kehlåftrefo
kh
kos
o
gês fjpjs kh
pjphl
kh
fhlulosj.
Ljs jrgjkurjs
hstê`
norgjkjs
por
aoijs kh jluge`eo
y
sus aelos kh
fö`hxeö`
hstê`
solkjkos
j khlbjkjs
fajpjs
quh
tjgceå`
hstê`
h`rolljkjs.
Hl otro
tepo
hs hl kh
pjphl
ghtjlezjko,
ko`kh
hlkçhlåftrefo
tjgceå` hs
pjphl
socrh hlquh
sh vjporezj
jl vjfço u`j khlbjkj
fjpj
kh Jluge`eo o
Ye`f.
Fo`
hllos sh
fo`sebuh`
fjpjfekjkhs
gjyorhs
h`
gh`orhs kegh`seo`hs
buh
h`
los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
kh
pjphl
egprhb`jko.
H` lj
pjrth
nro`tjl
khl
fele`kro
sh
e`yhftj u`j fjpj ghtêlefj
quh
servh
kh
fo`hxeö`
pjrj
ljs
pljfjs y
los aelos
thrge`jlhs.
X`j
brj`
vh`tjij kh
los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
kh
pjphl
ghtjlezjko hs
su
JX[OSSHBH@HSJFEO@.
Fuj`ko
sh
prokufh`
h` hllos u`j
phrnorjfeö`,
lj faespj
provofj
lj vjporezjfeö` h` hsh
lubjr
kh
lj
khlbjkj
fjpj
ghtêlefj fo`shrvê`ko
hlkehlåftrefo
h`
cuh`js fo`kefeo`hs hvetê`kosh
jsl
lj khstruffeö`
khl
fo`kh`sjkor.
Hl tehgpo
kh
juto
rhbh`hrjfeö`
hs jproxegjkjgh`th
:
4
gefroshbu`ko.
Bo`kh`sjkorhs fhrêg
efos
Hl kehlåftrefo
utelezjko
por
hstos fo`kh`sjkorhs
hs lj fhrêgefj,
seh`ko
hl gjthrejl gês
utelezjko hl
keöxeko
kh tetj`eo.
Hsth
gjthrejl
fo`nehrh jl fo`kh`sjkor
brj`khs
e`hstjcelekjkhs
por
lo
quh
h`
cjsh
jl gjthrejl sh
puhkh`
kenhrh`fejr
kos
brupos9
Brupo
l9 fjrjfthrezjkos
por
u`j
jltj
hstjcelekjk,
fo`
u`
fohnefeh`th kh thgphrjturj
ceh`
khne`eko
y
fjse
fo`stj`th.
Brupo
ll9
su
fohnefeh`th
kh
thgphrjturj
`o hstê
prêftefjgh`th
khne`eko
y
jkhgês
kh
prhsh`tjrfjrjfthrçstefjs
`o le`hjlhs,
su fjpjfekjk
vjrçj
fo`sekhrjclhgh`th
fo`
lj
GHFJ@EFO KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j"
:3>
:32
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 127/150
IJr
tr@J@
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVEFJ
E@KXV[SEJL TJS[H
E
thgphrjturj, lj
th`seö`
y
hl
tehgpo
kh nu`feo`jr`eh`to.
$h fjrjfthrezj`
por
su
hlhvjkj
phrgetevekjk. Ljs jltjs fo`stj`ths kehlåftrefjs fjrjfthrçstefjs
kh
ljs
fhrêgefjs
phrgeth`
jgplejs
posecelekjkhs
kh
keshúo
ghfê`efo
y
hlåftrefo.
FO@KH@VJKOSHV KH
TLÊV[EFO
Hstos
fo`kh`sjkorhs
sh fjrjfthrezj`
por
ljs jltjs
rhsesth`fejs
kh jesljgeh`to
y
hlhvjkjs
thg
phrjtu
rjs kh nu `feo`jg eh`to.
Vhbù` hl
profhso
kh njcrefjfeö`
pokhgos
kenhrh`fejr
h`trh
los
kh
tepo m
y
tepo
GM,
quh
sh
keste`buh`
por
hl gjthrejl
kh sus
jrgjkurjs
(ghtjl
h`
hl
preghr
fjso
y
ghtjl
vjporezjko
h` hl
shbu`ko).
Vhbù`
hlkehlåftrefo
usjko
sh
puhkh`
keste`buer hstos tepos
foghrfejlhs
MV9
styronlhx,
fo`stetuekos
por
lêge`js kh
ghtjly
polehsterh`o
hogo
kehlåftrefo.
MT9
norgjkos
por
lêge`js
kh ghtjly kehlåftrefo
kh
polepropelh`o.
GMT9
kehlåftrefo
kh
polepropelh`o
y
jrgjkurjs
kh
ghtjl
vjporezjko.
G
MU9
kehlåftrefo kh
polepropelh`o
kh
brj`
fjlekjk
y
lêge`js
kh
ghtjl
vjporezjko.
GM[ lêg.e`js
kh
ghtjlvjporezjko
y
kehlåftrefo
kh
thrjntjljto
kh
polehtelh`o
(poleåsthr).
GMF9
gjmronol,
ghtjlvjporezjko
pjrj
ljs
jrgjkurjs
y
polefjrco`jto
pjrj
hlkehlåftrefo.
J
`evhl oreh`tjtevo hstjs puhkh`
shr ljs
fjrjfthrçstefjs tçpefjs
kh
los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
kh
plêstefo9
MV
MT
GMT
vlmy
GM[
GMF
3pN-664`N
3pN-:44`N
:
,ê`N
-;2
44`N
: 44`N-:
444`N
>14pN-4,4:gN
: `N.:444`N
'
+l-:o/o +l-\o/j
+l-8o/o +l-Y4j/o
+N:% +l-8oJ'
+l-8o/o +l-3Jo/¡
+l-ço/j +l-YJT/j
>6^->64^
O,38M^.;OM^
O,38M^.;OM^
38^->64^
38^->64^
e,¡.
¡=¡loe¡¡=
ne
e9ree9
#
te
",,
-884F-2oof
-884F-184F
*;44f-184f
-884F-584F
-884F,:444f
-884F-:444f
+l'4,8o/o
+l-8o/o.
38^,>64^
FO@KH@VJKOSHV
KH
GEFJ
Hl
kehlåftrefo utelezjko
h` hsth
tepo kh fo`kh`sjkorhs
hs
lj
gefj
o
selefjto
kh
jluge`eo
y
potjseo y
sh
fjrjfthrezj`
por
cjijs
pårkekjs,
j`fao rj`bo
kh nrhfuh`fejs
y
jltj hstjcelekjk
fo` lj
thgphrjturj
y
hltehgpo.
GHFJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@
lt\,:: H @[O
j"
:32
:31
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 128/150
IJt
tr@¡G
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVHJ E@KXV[SEJL TJS[H
E
FO@
KH@VJKOSHV
HLHF[SOLE[EFOV
H` hstos
fo`kh`sjkorhs
u`j
kh
ljs
jrgjkurjs
hs kh ghtjl geh`trjs
quh
lj otrj
hstê
fo`stetuekj
por
u`
fo`kuftor
eö`efo
o
hlhftroleto. Trhsh`tj`
u`os jltos
vjlorhs fjpjfetevos
fo`
rhljfeö`
jltjgjúo
y
h`
lj
gjyorçj
kh
los
ojsos
jpjrhfh`
poljrezjkos.
Tokhgos keste`buer
kos tepos9
k
Hlhftrolntefos
kh
jluge`eo9
lj
jrgjkurj
ghtêlefj
hs
kh
jluge`eo
y
hl
hlhftroleto kh
thtrjcorjto jrgö`efo.
k Hlhftrolntefos
kh tê`tjlo9
hl
kehlåftrefo
hstê
fo`stetueko
por
öxeko kh
tê`tjlo
y
`os
h`fo`trjgos
fo` gjyorhs
vjlorhs
fjpjfetevos
quh
los
j`threorhs
pjrj
u`
gesgo
tjgjúo.
Tor
otrj
pjrth
ljs
th`seo`hs
`oge`jlhs
buh
soportrj`
so`
gh`orhs
quh
los'
kh
jluge`eo
y
su
fosth
hs
jlbo gês
hlhvjko.
Los
fo`kh`sjkorhs hlhftrolntefos
kh jluge`eo
sh fogpo`h` kh u`
fele`kro
kh kos
terjs
kh
jluge`eo
fo`
pjphl
fogo fjpj
e`thrghkej,
u`j
kh
ljs
terjs
kh
jluge`eo,
hl
polo
posetevo
(ê`oko)
suhlh
shr êsphrj, fo`
lo
quh
sh
fo`sebuh u`j
brj`
fjpjfekjk. Lj otrj terj
kh
jluge`eo
servh
kh
fo`tjfto fo`
hlhlhftröleto.
Hl
pjphlhstj
egprhb`jko fo`
hl hlhftråleto, hl
fujl fo`stetuyh
hl
polo
`hbjtevo
(fêtoko).
Hl fele`kro khl fo`kh`sjkor
hlhftrolltefo
sh
go`tj h`
u`
rhfepeh`th
kh jluge`eo.
Tjrj lj
norgjfeö`
sh jplefj
j
jgcos
hlhftrokos
u`j th`seö` fo`te`uj,
fo`
lo
quh
sh
norgj socrh
hl
ê`oko
u`j
khlbjkj
fjpj
kh
öxeko
jlugl`efo quh
ajfh
kh
kehlåftrefo.
Hl
fo`kh`sjkor
hlhftrolltefo
poljrezjko
sölo
khch
fo`hftjrsh
j
u`j
th`seö` fo`te`uj
fo`
lj
poljrekjk
e`kefjkj,
fjso
fo`trjreo
sh
khsfogpo`h lj
fjpj
kh
öxeko khl
ê`oko.
Jkhgês
sh
khsprh`kh
tj`to
fjlor
y
bjshs
quh
hl
fo`kh`sjkor
sh
khstruyh.
Hl fo`kh`sjkor hlhftrolçtefo
kh
tê`tjlo
sh
fogpo`h
kh
u`j aoij
kh tê`tjlo
quh
ajfh
kh
ê`oko
y
hstj jrrolljkj fo`
otrj
aoij
buh
ajfh kh
fêtoko
y
fo` u` soportrh
shpjrjkor
poroso.
Hl
rollo
sh
egprhb`j
fo` hlhftroleto, sh
go`tj
h` u`
rhfepeh`th
y
$h fehrrj
ahrgåtlfêgh`th.
Kurj`th
lj
norgjfeö`
sh
prokufh
por
oxekjfeö`
socrh
hl
ê`oko u`j fjpj kh
ph`töxeko
kh
tê`tjlo
quh ajfh kh
kehlåftrefo.
Fo`kh`sjkorhs
kh
koclh
fjpj
hlåftrlfj
Hstos fo`kh`sjkorhs
tjgceå`
sh
fo`ofh`
fogo
suphr
fo`kh`sjkorhs
o
FJH^
khceko j lj
brj`
fjpjfekjk
quh
teh`h`
por
u`ekjk
kh volugh`.
Vh kenhrh`fej`
kh
los
fo`khasjkorhs
fo`vh`fço`jlhs
h`
quh
`o
usj`
kehlåftrefo
por
lo
quh
so`
guy
khlbjkosP Ljs
fjrjfthrçstefjs
hlåftrefjs
g'ês
seb`enefjtevjs khskh
hl
pu`to
kh su
jplefjfeö`
fogo nuh`th jfuguljkj
kh
h`hrblj so`= jltos
vjlorhs fjpjfetevos
pjrj
rhkufekos
tjgjúos,
forreh`th
kh
nubjs
guy cjij,
êltj
rhsesth`fej
shreh,
y phquhúos
vjlorhs
kh th`seö`.
'
GHFJ@[FO
KH GJ@[H@EG|H@[E
j'
:31
:35
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 129/150
IJ[
VH[XJ@
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ CÊVEFJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
FO@
KH@VJ
KOSHV
^JSEJ
CLHV
Hstos
fo`kh`sjkorhs
prhsh`tj`
u`j fjpjfekjk
qüh
pokhgos
vjrejr
h`trh
fehrtos
lç
geths. lbujl
quh
pjsj
fo` ljs
rhsesth`fejs pokhgos keste`buer
h`trh
fo`kh`sjkorhs
vjrejclhs,
su jplefjfeö`
fo`llhvj
lj
vjrekfeö`
fo` fehrtj
nrhfuh`fej
(por
hihgplo
se`to`ezjkorhs)=
y
fo`kh`sjkorhs
jiustjclhs o tregghrs,
quh
`orgjlgh`th
so`
jiustjkos
u`j
solj
vhz
(jplefjfeo`hs
kh
rhpjrjfeö`
y puhstj
j
pu`to).
Lj
vjrejfeö`
kh
lj fjpjfekjk
sh
llhvj
j
fjco
ghkej`th
hl
khspljzjgeh`to
ghfê`efo
h`trh
ljs
pljfjs
h`nrh`tjkjs. Lj
rhljfeö`
fo`
quh
vjrçj` su fjpjfekjk
rhsphfto
jl
ê`bulo
kh rotjfeö`
veh`h
khthrgç`jkj
por
lj
norgj
fo`struftevj kh
ljs
pljfjs
h`nrh`tjkjs,
ochkhfeh`ko
j
keste`tjs
lhyhs
kh
vjrejfeö`,
h`trh ljs
buh
khstjfj`
lj
le`hjl,
lobjrçtgefj
y
fujkrêtefj
forrhbek
j.
lofS`erurfS
o/o
F,
o/o
F,
%
Sotjf
%
Sotjf
% Sotjf
Vo`
kh
kos
tepos9
Los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
berjtoreos
y
los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
jiustjclhs
([regr`hrs).
LOV
FO@ KH@VJKOSHV
BESJ[OSEOV
Los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
sh
fogpo`h`
bh`hrjlgh`th
kh u`
fo`iu`to
kh
pljfjs
ghtêlefjs
neio
y
otro
berjtoreo,
hl kehlåftrefo
suhlh shr
hl jerh,
ljs
pljfjs
kh
los
keste`tos
fo`kh`sjkorhs
puhkh`
th`hr shffeo`hs
kenhrh`ths.
Hstos
fo`kh`sjkorhs
sh
hgplhj`
socrh
toko
h`
lj
tåf`efj
kh
rjkeo
y
thlhveseö`
pjrj
se`to`ezjr
los
ferfuetos
osfelj`ths.
Fjpjfekjkhs
9
:4
j
:444
pN
[h`seo`hs
9
;44vj3844v
[olhrj`fej
| *8o/o
j, tlJo/o
3.8.3
Los
fo`kh`sjkorhs jiustjclhs
$o` fo`kh`sjkorhs
fo`
jrgjkurjs
ghtêlefjs
u`os'nneos
y
otros
gövelhs,
kh`tro
kh
los
fujlhs
sh ucefj
u` kehlåftrefo
kh
kesfos
fhrêr`efos,
pole
hsterh`o
c
gefj,
tjgceå`
sh lh
lljgj
tregghr
y
sh
utelezj
bh`hrjlgh`th
h`
ferfuetos
egprhsos=
servh`
pjrj
jiu.stjr
u`j
vhz lj
fjpjfekjk
y
lobrjr
u`
jiusth
kh
prhfeseö`
h`
ferfuetos
hlhftrö`efos
kevhrsos
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
LE@HJL
fu`oSÊ`fS
% Sotjf
:35
:64
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 130/150
HLHf[Sö@rfJ
hJsrf` [@KXV[SEJL
pJS[H
E
P
@¡trl
EKHel[ENEFJF|Ö@
KH
FO@KH@VJKOSHV
FO@KH@VJKOSHV
FHSÊGEBOV [ETO
TLJFJ
FOHNEFE
H@[H'[HGTHSJ[XSJ
p.p.
g.
oF
Folor
Sop
+
^eolha
{oro)
Bres
Osfuro
@hbro
Gjrrö`
Soio
osfuro
Soio
kjro
@jrj`ij
^hrkh E
Jzul
o€furo
E kjro
Golhtj
Jzul
osfuro
Fohllfeh`th
(x:4'l +:44 +66
4
+66
;2
-28 -33; -664
E
;28 -284
-:844
[`\
(5,
3<
\t r,l
l`
[E
^JLOS FJTJF¡[|^O
E
H@ TlfoNJSJrxos
(pNl
E
E
OLHSJ@FEJ
Lhürj
C
f
K
N
B
A
I
M
G
T
S
V
z
F<:4
pN
(+r-pN)
4,:
4,38 4,8
:
3
F07:4
pN
(+t
-4,>l
4,8
: 3
3,8
8
:4
34
-4
+:44
-34
+64
-3;
+84
-3;
+14
FO@KH@VJKOSHV FHSÊGEFOV
[ETO
KEVFO
^JLOS FJTJBE[E^O H@ TEFONJSJKEOV
(pNl
FOHNEFEH@[H
[HGTHSJ[XSJ
p.p.g.
¡F
Folor
MO,O
+
^eolhtj
loro)
Bres
Osfuro
@hbro
Gjrrö`
Soio
osfuro
Soio
fljro
@jrj`ij
^hrkh
osfuro
Jzul
kjro
Golhtj
Jzul
osfuro
Fohnefeh`th
(x:4'I
+:44 +66
4
+66
;2
-28
-334 -664
;28
-284
-:844
[OLHSJ@FEJ
etr
Ffl4pN
(+/.pN)
@hbro
Z'
Gjrrö`
(4,4:)
^hrkh
(4,:)
Bres
(4,38)
Clj`fo
(:)
FJSJ
TOV[HSEOS
F<
:4pN
:+l-%)
@hbro
(34)
Soio
(3',)
^hrkh
(8)
Clj`g
(:4)
Evljnnq`
(r)
(6)'
:64
Ç\;HFJ@
rFO
KH
GJ@[H@[GEH@[O
j'
:6:
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 131/150
HLHf[Sö@rfJ jJsrf`
[@KXV[S[JL
pJS[H
E
It
trtuJl
^JLOS BJTJFE[E^O
h@
TlfoNJSJKlos
{pN}
FO@KH@VJKOSHV
FHSÊGEFOV [XCXLJSHV
FÖKEBO
KH FOLOSHV
^JLOS FJTJFE[E^O
H@ TEFONJSJKEOV (pN)
Treghr
folor
E'Fenrj
@hbro
(4)
Gjrrö`
(:)
Soio
(3\
@jrj`ij
(6)
Jgjrello
(;)
^hrkh
(8)
Jzul
(>)
Golhtj
(2',)
Bres
(C)
Clj`fo
(h)
lhbu`ko folor
l'Fenrj
@hbro
(4)
Gj`ö`
(:)
Soio
(3:
@jrj`ij
(6)
Jgjrello
(;)
^hrkh
(s)
Jzul
(>)
^eolhtj
(2)
Bres
(1)
Clj`fo
(h)
[hrfhr
folor
6'Fenrj
@hbro
(:)
Gjrrö`
(:4)
Soio
(:4o)
@jrj`ij
(:444)
Jgjrello
(:4444)
^hrkh
(:44444) t''
^eolhtj
(4,44:)
Bres
(4,4:)
Clj`fo
(4,:)
'"eç#
,
w
l.l
tl
[OLHaJ@FEJ
F<:4pN
:+r-pN)
@hbro
(3)
Gjrrö`
(o,4:)
^hrkh
(4,:)
Bres
(4,38)
Clj`fo
(:)
F<:4pN
(+J%)
@hbro
(34)
Gjrrö`
(:)
Soio
(3,
jrj`i9
{6)
^hrkh
(8)
Clj`fo
(:4)
FOHNEFEH@[H [HGTHSJ[XSJ
p.p.g.
hF
Folor
Soio
+
Golhtj
loro)
Bres
Osfuro
@hbro
Gjrrö`
Soio
osfuro
Soio
fljro
@jrj`ij
^hrkh
osfuro
Jzul
fljro
Golhtj
Jzul
osfuro
Fohnefeh`th
(x:4n)
+:44
+66
4
+66
;2 -28
-33J
-664
E
-;2s
-284 -:844
GHFJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@EGIH@[O
j'
:6:
:63
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 132/150
HLHf[SÖ@EfJ
@JVrfh
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
föorfo
KH
erJSfJs
[OLHSJ@FEJ
Lhtrj C f K
N
B
A
I M
G
T S
s
z
Ffl4
pN
(+r-pN)
4,:
j,38 4,8
: 3
F0ol4
neN
:+t
-%l
4,8
:
3
3,8
8 :4
3J
-4
+:44
-3;
+64
-34
+84
-34
+14
FOHNEFEH@[H
KH
[HGTHSJ[XSJ
p.p.g.
oF
Fo@KH@VJKOSHV
KH TLJV[E5O
fÖo¡oo
KH
foLoSHs
34
6o
¡99
¡'.9,t e¡e e9e¡ee e9e='9e'9
\",,'---9='.:/
EtW
vJLoS fJTJfl`^FE
H@
TlBoNJSJKlos
(pNl
Trlghr
folor
:'Flnr¡
@hbro
(4)
`va`ö`
(:)
Sono
(3)
n.lj``lj
(6)
Jgjrllc
(;)
^hrkh
(8)
Jzul
(>)
\llolhtj
(2)
.
Bres
(1)
Clj`fo
(h)
Vhbu`ko
folo
n
Fenrr
@hbro
(4)
lla`ö`
(:)
Soio
b)
@jrj`ej
(6)
Jgjrello
(;)
^jrkh
(8)
Jzul
(>)
^eolhtj
(tt
Brlh
(1)
Clj`fo
(h)
[hrfhr öolor
6'Blnrj
@jbro
(r)
tvlj`ö`
(:4)
Soio
(ro4)
@jrj`nj
(:444)
Jgjrello
(:4444)
^hrkh
(:44444)
Jzul
Golhtj
(4,44:)
Bres
(4,4:)
Clj`fo
(4,:)
e/lj`ö`
(4,4:)
^hrkh
(4,n
)
Clj`fo
(:)
tvlj`ö`
(t)
^hrkh
(8)
Clj`fo
(:4)
GHFJ@EFO KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
jt
:63
:66
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 133/150
ú
trEXJ`
HLHf[Sö@rfJ
sÊsrf`
[@KXV[S[JL
pJSrH
r
FOKEBO
KH
GJSFJV
t
[OLHSJ@FEJ
Lhtrj
C
f
K
N
lI
A
I
M
G
T
S
s Y
F<:4
pN
(+r-pN)
4,:
4,38
4,8
: 3
F07:4
pN
l+l
-olol
4,8
: 3
3,8
8 :4
3J
-4
+:44
-3;
+64
-34
+84
-zFE
+14
^JLOS
FJTJFE[E^O
H@
GEFSONJSJOEOV
t
0
4.33 G
?bj;*-
n{**ú
[H@VEÖ@ GÊQEGJ
N@
^OL`OV
FO@
KH@VJTO@HV
HLHF[SOLç[EFO
Hstos
fo`kh`$jkorh$
sehgprh e`kefj`
lj
fjpjfekjk
h` gefronjrjkeos
y
lj
gêxegj
th`seå
`
kh trjcjio
h`
volt¡os.
Khph`keh`ko
khl njcrefj`th
tjgceå`
puhkh`
vh`er
e`kefjkos
otro$
pjrêghtros
fogo
lj
thgphrjturj
y
lj gêxegj
nrhfuh`fej
j
lj
quh
puhkh`
trjcjijr.
[h`hgos
qqh
po`hr
hsphf¡jl jth`feö`
h`
lj ekh`tenefjfeö`
kh lj
poljrekjk.
Ljs
norgjs gês
usujlhs
kh
e`kefjfeö`
por pjrth
kh
los
njcrefj`ths
so` ljs
sebueh`ths9
FO@
KH@VJ
KOSHV KH
[J@[J
LO
Jftujlgh`th
hstos fo`kh`sjkorhs
`o usj`.hl
fökebo
kh folorh's
(los
gês
j`tebuos,
sç). Fo`
hl
fökebo
kh
gjrfjs lj
fjpjfekjk
sh
e`kefj
h`
gefronjrjkeos
y
lj
gêxegj
th`seö`
kh trjcjij h`
volteos.
Hl
thrge`jl
posetevo
sh e`kefj fo`
hlseb`o
+9
GHFJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@EGEH@.[O
j
:66
:6;
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 134/150
9
,JE
selÇg
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVEFJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H E
Hxesth gufaj vjrehkjk
kh
fjpjfetorhs j
lo
quh
j
tepos
sh
rhnehrh.
Hxesth` los
fhrêgefos,
buh hstê`
fo`struekos `orgjlgh`th
por u`j cjsh
tuculjr
kh
kefao
gjthrejl
fo`
sus
suphrnefehs
e`threor
y
hxthreor
ghtjlezjkjs
fo`
pljtj,
socrh ljh
fujlhs
sh h`fuh`trj`
los
thrge`jlhs
khlgesgo.
$h jplefj` tj`to
h`
cjijs
fogo
h` jltjs
nrhfuh`fejs,
Otro tepo
hs
hl kh
plêstefo,
buh
hstê
njcrefjko
fo`
kos
terjs kh
poleåsthr
ghtjlezjko h`
u`j
fjrj
y
jrrolljkjs h`trh
sç" Hsth
tepo kh
fjpjfetor sh hgplhj
j
nrhfuh`fejs
cjijs o
r`hkejs.
Fo` hsth tepo
kh
fjpjfetor
sh
puhkh`
fo`shbuer
fjpjfekjkhs
hlhvjkjs
j th`seo`hs
kh
ajstj :
.444
^.
[jgceå`
hxesth` fjCjfetorhs
hlhftrolçtefos,
los
fujlhs
prhsh`tj`
lj
gjyor
fjpjfekjk kh
tokos
pjrj
u`
khthrge`jko
tjgjúo.
Tuhkh` shr kh jlur`e`eo o kh
tê`tjlo.
Los preghros
hstê`
norgjkos
por
u`j aoij kh kefao ghtjl
rhfucehrtj
por
u`j
fjpj kh öxtko
kh
jluge`eo
bbh
jftùj
fogo kehlåftrefo,
socrh
hl
öxeko
ajy
u`j lêge`j
kh
pjphl
hgchceko
h`
u`
llqueko
fo`kuftor
lljgjko hlhftroteto
y
socrh
hllj
u`j
shbu`kj
lêge`j kh
jluge`eo.
$o`
kh
poljrekjk
neij,
hh
khfer
buh
solêgh`th
puhkh`
nu`feo`jr
se
hh
lhs
jplefj
lj th`seö`
fo`te`uj hxthreor
fo`
hl
posetevo
jl
ê`oko
forrhspo`keh`th.
$o` usjkos
. h`
cjij
y
ghkej nrhfuh`fej.
Los
fjpjfetorhs hlhftrolçtefoh
kh
tê`tjlo
so`
guy
segeljrhs
j
los
kh
jluge`eo.
GHFJ@EFO KH
GJÚ[H@EGEH@[O
j"
:6;
:68
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 135/150
IJt
tr@J@
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ CJVEFJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H E
''
wnnenne
GO@[JIH
KH
NXH@[H
KH
JLEGH@[JFEO@
SHF[ENEFJKOSJ FO@
NEL[SO
GHFJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
:68
:6>
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 136/150
Gulteghtro
Kebetjl
334
t :3^
@O OTHSJFEO@HV
GJ[HSEJLHV / E@V[SXGH@[OV
4:
j3
l`stjljr ferfueto'kh
nuh`th kh
j
legh`tjfeo`
rhfünefj
korj
fo`
ne tno
E
l`stjljr
nuh`th
kh
jlegh`tjfeö`
fo`
kocljkorkhth`seö`
t
E
[rj`snorgjkor?Y4ll3v-?J
E
4;keokos
:@;44;
]
4:
fo`kh`sjkorn444
¡tN
n38v
]
4:
rhslsth`fej
;2r
4: rhsesth`fej kh :m
]
4l
gultlghtrokebetj
]
4:
protocojrkl
4:
4:
T2J.
FJ@[.
KH@OGE@JFEÖ@
@OSGJ'
KEGH@VEO@HV
OCVHS^JFEO@HV
*
*@¡G
THSX
GO@[JIH KH
NE,H@[H KH JXGH@[JFEÖE{
SHF[ENEFJKOSJ
FO@E NEL[SO
A[ 4;
SHN,
GHFJ@EFO KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
[EHGTO9 AOIJ9 :::
HVFJEê9
3448
:62
:6>
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 137/150
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CÊVEFJ E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
OTHSJFEÖ[*E9
E@V[JLJS
FESFXE[O
KH
E
N[L[SO
E@V[JLJS FESFX|[O KH
NXH@[H
Or'*r*[JFto@
SHF[[N[FJKO
FO@
^o"
-^p-4,2^
GHFJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
o
334
E
:3^
O---'--'----'*-
*ll
?J^ k
k
Tjso
39 Jrgjr
hl
ferfueto
kh
lj
neburj
y
vhrenefjr
lj
rhljfeö`
^o"
7^p-:,;^'
33J
lne^
Tjso
69 Jrgjrhlferfueto
kh
lj
neburj
y
vhrenefjr
lj
rhljfeö`.
^r,
7^p
-4,2^
E@;OG
x
3
¡
;
x :@;JJ;
:62
:61
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 138/150
ú
trel¡g
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJ$FJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
OTHSJFÅ@9 E@V[JLJS
NXH@[H
KH
JLEGH@*''O*
FO@
KOCLJKOS
[}H [H@VEOA
Tjso
,l
9
Jrgjr hl
ferfueto kocljkor
kh
th`seö`
kh ghkej
o`kj.
33;
t
:3^
:444
¡rN
7tl
3J^o
,
,
'N
t4g
:M
Tjjo
3 9
Ghker
hl voltjih h` lj
sjlekj
y
vhrenefjr
buh
hs
ebujl
jl
koclh
khl
vottjih
pefo
khl
shfu
`kj
reo
khl
trj
`
snorr`jkor.
Tjso
69 Jrgjrhlferfueto
kocljkorkh
th`seö`
kh O`kj
Fogplhtj.
Tjso ;9
Ghker
hl
voltjih
kh
sjlekj
,
o*`Orjr
quh
hs ebujl
jl
koclh
khl.
voltjih
pefo
khl
$hf
u`kj
reo khl
trj`sno``jkor.
GHFJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
:61
:65
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 139/150
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVEFJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
I.t
tr@¡G
NXH@[HV
KH
JLEGH@[JFEÖ'-E
Bh`hrjlekjkhs
Tjrj
ophrjr
los
ferfuetos
hlhftrö`efos,' gökulos
y
kesposetevos,
åstos
`hfhsetj`
hstjr
jlegh`tjkos
fo`
th`seö`
fo`te`uj. Lj
h`hrbÇj rhquhrekj bh`hrjngh`th
`o sh
puhkh
provhhr
por
cjthrçjs
-
hs khfer,
`¡
por
hlhgh`tos
pregjreos
`e
por
hlhgh`tos
shfu`kjreos
-
se` e`volufrjr
brj`khs
bjsto9.
H`
lj
prêftefj,
hstj
h`hrbçj
sh octeh`h
kh
lj
rhk
kh
jlegh`tjfeÖ`
pre`fepjl.
Lj
th`seö` jlthr`j
kh
lj
rhk
quh
shr
fo`vhrtekj
`hfhsjrejgh`th
h`
th`seö`
fo`te`uj
o forreh`th
fo`te`uj.
J
hstos ferfuetos
sh
lhs
kh`oge`j nuh`ths
kh
jlegh`tjfeö`
y
sh
fljsenefj`
h` kos
brj`khs
brupos9
j) Nuh`ths
kh
jlegh`tjfeö`
`o rhbuljkjs
c)
Nuh`thqkh
j legh`tjfeö`
rhb uljkjs
Nuh`ths
kh
jlegh`tjfeö`
`o
rhbuljkjs
. Lj
shújl
octh`ekj
j
lj
sjlekj
kh
u
`
rhftenefjkor hs
fo`te`uj
pulsj`th
fuyo uso
hstê legetjko
h`trh otor
j
fjkj kh cjthrçj
y
jlegh`tjfeö`
kh
gotorhs
KF. Tjrj
jler`h`tjr
ferfuetos
hlhftrÖ`efos
hs `hfhsjreo
u`j
th`seö`
fo`te`uj kh vjlor
fo`stj`th,
segeljr j
lj
th`seö`
quh
sh
octeh`h
kh
u`j
cjth rçj,
y pjrjfo`shbuer
hsth
tepo
kh
shújl
hs
`hfhsjreo
fo`hftjr
neltros
[çpos
kh
Neltros
Los hlhgh`tos
o
fogpo`h`ths
quh
h` ljs
nuh`ths
sh
utelezj`
fogo
neltros
so`9
Ljs
e`kuftj`fejs
o
coce`js kh
faoquh
y
los
fo`kh`sjkorhs.
Hl
nu`feo`jgeh`to
khl neltro
por
e`kuftj`fej
sh
cjsj
h` lj
propehkjk
nu`kjgh`tjl
kh hsth
fogpo`h`th
kh
opo`hrsh
j
fujlquehr vjrejfeö`
kh
lj
forreh`th.
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j"
:65
GJ
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 140/150
,t
trút¡trl
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVEFJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H E
Kh
tjl
gj`hrj
buh
tokj
vjrejfeö`
buh
jpjrhfh
.`
u`
ferfueto
se` e`kuftj`fej
bh
rhkuferê
jl
folofjr hsth
hlhgh`to
h` hlferfueto
'
Hlnu`feo`jgeh`to
khlneltro
porfo`kh`sjkorsh
cjsj
h` $u
pre`fepeo
kh
jlgjfh`jgeh`to kh
h`hrbnj j lj
fjrbj kh lj
nuh`th
kurj`th
hl
phrnoko
kh
`o*fo`kuffeö`,
kh
hstj
norgj sh
prolo`bj
hl tehgpo
kurj`tj
hl fujl ferfulj
lj
forreh`th
por
lj
fjrbj
y
kesge`uyh
`otjclhgh`th
su
rezjko,
H`
fjsos h`
quh
lj
th`seö`
neltrjkj jù`
`o rhfecj
los
rhquesetos
`hfhsjreos
sh lh
puhkh
neltrjrj
jù`
gês
fo`
jyukj
kh
neltros
kh vjreos fogpo`h`ths
prhsh`tj`ko
hl
ghior hnhfto
neltrj`th
hlneltro
LF
h`
los
quh
sh
sugj`
los
hnhftos
kh
e`kuftj`fej
y
fo`kh`sjkor.
Neltro
por
e`kuftj`fej (L)
e----
t-_--_=
Neltro
por
o`kh`sjkor
(F)
r-
-9--
---
- -
--r
rLr
|
"-'
ll
e
"[e
[
Sr
lr
lt
L---
---j
Nelao
LF
GHFJ@[FO
KH GJ@[H@|G[H@[O
j'
:;4
:;:
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 141/150
,.t
nnenuJ`
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVEFJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
Ve $:
fhrrjko
Fuj`ko
$:
sh
fehrrj,
lj
fjrbj hs jlegh`tjkj
kurj`th
hl
phrçoko
kh
tehgpo
h`
quh
hl
keoko
hstê h` forth,
hl fo`kh`sjkor
proporfeo`j
forreh`th
pjrj
lj rhsesth`fej
kh
fjrbj
y, porlo
tj`to,
su th`sçö`
kesge`uyh
ajstj
quh
lj
th`seö`
Xe
shj
gjyorquh
Xo"
H`
hsth
fjso,
hlkeoko
K
pjsj
j
fo`kufer
y
fjrbj
`uhvjgh`th
jl
fo`kh`sjkor.
Hl
phrçoko
kh
fo`kuffeö`
khl
keoko
hs
e`kefjko
h`
lj
sebueh`th
neburj,
ko`kh
sh
puhkh
`otjr
buh
fuj`ko
sh
usj
hl
fo`kh`sjkor
hl
tehgpo
kh fo`kuffeö`
hs
gufao
r`h`or
quh
h` hl
fjso
khl rhftenefjkor
se`
neltro
fogo
fo`shfr¡h`fej,
teh`h
u`
pefo
kh
forreh`th
h` hl
keoko
fjkj vhz quh
ålfo`kufh"
Khsfjrbj
l+-
Fo`kuffeö`
¡
khl rieoko
Fju`ko
Xez
Xff
hl keoko
h`trj
h` forth, fuj`ko
Xe
7
-Xe(gêx),
h`
hl
kçoflo
sh
teh`h9
XJM-3u
sh
teh`h
por
lo
tj`to
socrh hl keoko
u`j
th`seö`'e`vhrsj
kh
3u
quh
hs
hl
koclh
kh
TS^
se`
hlfo`kh`sjkor.
GHFJ@[FO
KH
GJ@[H@|G|H@[O
:;:
:;3
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 142/150
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVlfJ
E@E}XV[SEJL
TJS[H E
4
lo
t,
Forreh`th
h`
hl
keoko
GHFJ@EFO
KH GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
:;3
:;6
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 143/150
IJE
trÇuJ`
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVEFJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
Ve sh
fo`sekhrj,
buh hl
tehgpo
kh
fjrbj
Jhn
fo`¿h`sjkor J
t
hs
gufao gh`or quh
[,
pokhgos
supo`hr,
se`
gjyorhs hrrorhs,
Zuh
hl fo`kh`sjkor
sh
fjrbj
ç`stj`tê`hjgh`th,
ü
ur"
ü-u"
4
Tor
lo
tj`to
lj
norgj
kh
o`kj
kh
lj
th`seö` Xr" shrê
fogo
sh guhstrj
h` hl
brênefo,
ko`kh
tjgceå`
hqnêfel
`otjr
quh9
X..*
Xurrrr- n
3
Veh`ko
Xr9 th`seö`
kh
rçplh
o
rezjko
o
lj jgpletuk
kh
lj
o`kj
trej`buljr
kh lj
fjrbj
y
khsfjrbj
khlfo`kh`sjkorkh
ko`kh
rhsultj
quh9
ur
7
"]
NxF
h`to`fhs9Xr.7Xe(gêx)
3xSLxNxF
y
fo`shfuh`thgh`th
X.,
7
:+
Veh`ko
N
lj
nrhfuh`fej
kh osfeljfeö`9
3xSLxNxF
Tjrj
ghkej
7
>4 Az
pjrj
o`kj
fogplhtj
7
: 3J
Az
Nrhfjufeo`hs
fo` lj Toljrekjk
O*
Fo`kh`sjkor
Los
fo`kh`sjkorhs
kh
neltro
usjkos
h`
lj
fo`struffeö`
kh
nuh`th
kh
jlegh`tjfeö`
so`
kh
tepo hlhftrolÇtefo
y
teh`h`
poljrekjk
khne`ekj,
jl
fo`hftjrlos
ajy
quh
th`hr
h`
fuh`tj
lj
poljrekjk
kh
lo
fo`trjreo
u`j
e`jkhfujkj
fo`hxeö`
prokuferçj`
hl
khthreoro
jutogêtefo
khl
fo`kh`sjkor,
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j"
:;6
:;;
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 144/150
HLHf[Sö@rfJ
bJsrf`
@KXV[S[JL
pJS[H
r
,r$
tr@J@
AOIJ
KH [SJCJIO
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
:;;
:;8
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 145/150
HLHf[SÖ@EfJ
bJVEF`
@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
*
sHút¡trl
4:. Ajlljr
Sjc
j)
8,8
c)>
f)
>,8
k)2
h:2,8
53.
J
lj fj`tekjk
kh
trjcjio
quh
sh
rhjlezj
h`
u`
ferfueto
hlåftrefo
sh lh
kh`oge`j9
j)
Nuhrzj
hlhftrogotrez
cl
Kenhrh`fej
kh
poth`fejl
fn ^oltjih
k)
Toth`fej
h)
@.J.
46.
X`
puh`th
kh
solkjkurj
puhkh
fjusjr9
j)
X`
fortoferfueto
c) X` ferfueto jcehrto
f) Nuåbo
k)
X`j
forreh`th `orto`
hl
@.J.
4;,
X`j
gj`hrj
kh
po`hr
u` kesposetevo h`
fortoferfueto
hs9
j)
Fo` u`j
holkjkurj
nrçj
cl
Fo`
u`
puh`th
kh solkjkurj
f) Khsfo`hftê`kolo
k)
Jcreh`ko
lj rhsesth`fej
h) @.J,
48.
X`j
rhsesth`fej
fortoferfuetjkj
provofj=
j|
X`j
forreh`th
e`ne`etj
j
trjvås
kh
hllj
c)
X`j
th`seö`
`ulj
h`trh
sus
cor`hs
.
f)
X`j th`seö` e`ne`etj
h`trh sus cor`hs
'k|
X`j
fo`eh`th
`ulj j trjvås
kh
hllj
h)
@,J.
4>. X`j
nuh`th
ekhjl
kh
th`seö` teh`h9
j)
Shsesth`fej
e`thr`j
`ulj
c)
Shsesth`fej
e`thr`j e`ne`etj
f) X`j th`seö`
khph`keh`th
kh
lj
fjrbj
k)
X`j
forreh`th
khph`keh`th
kh lj
fjrbj
h)
@.J.
42.
Fujl
kh ljs
sebueh`ths
hxprhseo`hs
rhprhsh`tj
lj lhy
kh oag.
J)l
7HlS
Cll
7H,S
FES
7l/H
KET
*l.H
HET
7l.S
41.
Fujl hs hl vjlor
kh
u`
rhsestor
buh
teh`h
los
sebueh`ths
folorhs9 gjrrö`,
`hbro,
`hbro,
korjko
J) :4
Oag.
8olo
C) :44Oar`.8olo
F) :Oag.çolj
K)
:M
8olo
H)
@.J.
45.
$e lj forreh`th
por
lj rhsesth`fej
kh
64m
hs 3 gJ,
fujl
hs
hl
ùoltjih
kh
lj.nuh`th
kh
jlegh`tjfeö`
J)
:44
v
Cl ::4^
fl :34v
E¡l
:64 ^
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
j'
:;8
:;>
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 146/150
`tlü¡`u r
__
HLHF[Sö@rfJ
hJslf`r@KXsrStJL
pJS[H
E
:4,
X`j
cjthrçj
j)
Lj
h`hrbçj
hlåftrefj
h`
h`hrbçj
qutgtfj
q
Lj
h`hrbçj
hlåftrefj
h`
h`hrbçj
ghfê`efj
Lj
h`hrbçj
ghfê`efj
h`
h`hrbej
hlåftrefj
Lj
h`hrbçj
quçgefj
h`
h`hrbçj
hlåftrefj
Lj
h`hrbçj
quçgefj
h`
h`hrbçj
luge`osj
::, X`j
sucstj`fej quh prhsh`tj
u`j
nuhrth
jtrjffeö`
socrh
sus
hlhftro`hs
y
quh
por
lo
tj`to
hh
rhsesth`th
j lechrjr
o
jfhptjr
hlhftro`hs
hs9
j) X`
fo`kuftor
c)
X`
jesljkor
.
f) X`
shgefo`kuftor
k) X` suphrfo`kuftor
h) @.J.
:3.
Ajlljr
hl
voltjih
kh
S :
y
S3
j)5^
y
6^
c)6^
y
5^
f)B^
y
>^
k)C^
y
;^
h);^
y
C^
:6,
Fuêl hs hl vjlor
kh
u` rhsestor
quh
teh`h
los
sebueh`ths
folorhs9
^hrkh,
jzul,
`hbro,
gjrrö`,
roio
j)
8>444JOag.3o/o
c)
8.> M2o/o
¡
f)
8>44
Oag. YUo
k)
8>444
Oag. Yj/o
h)8> S\o/j
EùEHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EG[H@[O
j"
:;,
X`j rhsesth`fej
h`
ferfueto
jcehrto
provofj9
j)
X`j
forreh`th
e`ne`etj
j
trjvås kh
hllj
c)
X`j
th`seö`
`ulj
h`trh
sus
cor`hs
f) X`j
th`seö`
e`ne`etj
h`trh
sus
cor`hs
k)
X`j forreh`th
`ulj
j
trjvås
kh
hllj
h)
@.J.
:8.
X`j
solkjkurj
nrçj
puhkh
fjusjr9
j)
X`
fortoferfueto
cl
X`
ferfueto
jcehrto
f)
Nuhbo
k)
X`j th`seö`
[aåvh`e`
h) @.J.
:>,
Fuj`ko
u`
hlhftrö`
fo`sebuh
lechrjrsh
kh
u`
êtogo,
sh
khspljzj
j
trjvås
khl
hspjfeo
ajstj
quh
faofj
fo`
u`
-
shbu`ko
êtogo
hl
fujl lo
jfhptj
e`forporê`kolo
j
$u
hstrufturj
y
hxpulsj
j
u`o
kh
sus
hlhftro`hs
orebe`jlhs,
sh
kefh
quh
ajy9
ê) Nuhrzj
hlhftrogotrez
c)
Forreh`th
hlåftrefj
t)
Hlhftrefekjk
k) Shsesth`fej
hlåftrefj
h)
Fo`kuftevekjk
c)
f)
k)
h)
:3^
-
:;>
:;2
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 147/150
HLHf[SO@EFJ
bJVEFS
E@KXV[SL{L
TJS[H E
ú
nneÇu¡trE
elEHKOJGCEH@[Å
GHFJ@[FO
KH
GJ@[H@[G[H@[O
j"
:;2
:;1
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 148/150
ú
HHnXJ`
HLHf[Sö@rfJ
jÊsrf`
[@KX*[S[JL
pJSrH
r
TSHVHS^JFEÖ[,¡
KHL GHKEO
JGCEH@[H
Lj augj`çkjk
`hfhsetj
prhshrvjr
su$ rhfursos
`jturêlh$,
kh norgj
tjl
quh
ljs
`hfhsekjkhs
kh
ljs
prhsh`ths bh`hrjfeo`hs
$hj`
sjtesnhfajs phro se` po`hr
h` rehsbo
su
hxesth`fej
pjrj
sjtesnjfhr
ljs
`hfhsekjkhs
kh ljs
nuturjs.
Hk
khfer,
jprovhfajr
los rhfursos
kh
lj [ehrrj
kh
gj`hrj
sosth`eclh
y prukh`th.
Hs
por
tokos
fo`ofekj lj
egportj`fej
kh
lj
thgêtefj
rhnhrekj
j
los
rhfursos
`jturjlhs
y
jl
proclhgj
jgceh`tjl.
Hstj
togj
kh
fo`feh`fej
sh khch
j
quh
hl
khthreoro
khl
GhkeoJgceh`th
h$ u`
ahfao
errhnutjclh,
Khchgos
jkoptjr
hstelos
kh vekj
y
pjutjs
kh
khsjrrotlo
quh
rhsphth`
y
sh
khsh`vuhlvj`
kh`tro
kh
los
lÇgeths "tolhrjclhs"
por
hl
GhkeoJgceh`th.
H`
:55: ,
Orbj`ezjfeo`hs l`thr`jfeo`jlhs {[ah Rorlk Fo`shrvjteo` X`eo`, Trobrjgj kh
ljs
@jfeo`hs
X`ekjs
pjrj
hl
Ghkeo
Jgceh`th
y
Rorlk
Relklenh
Nu`kjteo`),
kehro`
j fo`ofhr
u`j
`uhvj
khfljrjfeÖ`
socrh
lj
hghrbh`fej
jgcçh`tjl gu`kçjl,
ghkej`th
u`
kofugh`to
tetuljko
"Fuekjr
lj
[ehrrj".
Hsth e`norgh
`o
sölo
hs
u` j`êleses,
se`o
tjgceå`
u`
plj`
kh
jffeö`
kh
fjrêfthr
prêftefo
socrh
ljs
polçtçfjs
quh
sh khch`
jkoptjr
y
ljs
jffeo`hs
quh
sh khch`
hgprh`khr
pjrj
hl fuekjko
y
lj
fo`shrvjfeö`
kh
lj
`jturjlhzj.
Los'`uhvh
pre`fepeos
fh`trjlhs
pjrj
buejr
lj jffeö`
augj`j
ajfej
u` nuturo
h`
hl fujl lj
fogu`ekjk
vevj
h`
hquelecreo
fo`te`uo
fo`
lj
tehrrj so`9
H`trh
ljs
jffeo`hs
quh
sh
rhfogeh`kj
pjrj prhshrvjr
hl
ghkeo
jgceh`th
so`9
Fo`trecuer
j
prhshrvjr
hl
Ghkeo Jgceh`th
h`
hl
êgceto ko`kh
hl
hlhgh`to khsjrrollj
ljs
jftevekjkhs
bujn`efeo`jlh$
y
ophrjfeo`jlhs,
j
ne`
kh ghiorjr
lj
fjlekjk
kh vekj
khl
phrso`jl
geletjr,
sus
njgelejs
y
lj
fogu`ekjk,
Khsjrrolljr
ljs
jftevekjkh$
bujr`efeo`jlhs
fo` hl gç`ego egpjfto,
`hbjtevo
ghf¡eojgceh`tjl y
u`
gêxego
egpjfto
posetevo,
fo`trecuyh`ths j
los
plj`hs
rhbeo`jlhs
buchr`jgh`tjlhs
o los
quh
hstjclhzfj lj
Nuhrzj,
l`fulfjr
y
kenu`ker
h`
hl
phrso`jl
khl
hlhgh`to,
hl
rhsphto
j
ljs
lhyhs,
kesposefeo`hs
y
rhbljr`h`tjfeo`hs
hstjclhfçkjs
por
lj Nuhrzj,
hl Gu`efepeo,
lj Trove`fej
o
lj
@jfeö`,
buh
jl
rhsphfto sh
h`fuh`trh` vebh`ths.
Fo`nhffeo`jr
lj
Fjrtj
kh
Trhshrvjfeö`
khl Ghkeo
Jgceh`th
khl
Hlhgh`to,
buh
fo`sesth
h`
u`j
hvjlujfeÖ`
kh lj e`fekh`fej
kh
los
njftorhs fo`tjge`j`ths
kh lj
jtgösnhrj.
hl
suhlo
y
hl
jbuj=
fuêlhs
so` los
hnhftos
kh lj
khbrjkjfeö`
jgceh`tjl
y
fuêlhs
so`
ljs
jftevekjkhs
j
khsjreolljrkh`tro
kh lj
u`ekjk
pjrjhvetjrlos.
GHFJ@[FO
KH
GJ@[H@
|G|H@IO
j
:;1
:;5
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 149/150
HLHF[SÖ@EFJ
CJVEFJ
E@KXV[SEJL
TJS[H
E
IE
HH[XJ@
CrCLroBSJre`
Tre`fepeos
kh
Hlhftrö`efj
Hlhftrö`efj
J`jlöbefj
Tjul
Gjlve`o
Hketorejl
Hsghrjlkj
Gorj
VH@J[E
GHFJ@EFO
KH
GJ@[H@EGEH@[O
:84
j'
:;5
7/23/2019 Electronica Basica Industrial I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/electronica-basica-industrial-i 150/150
E
'"
.
''
,.,.,
=..
.'
TSOTEHKJK
E@[HLHF[XJn,
KHL
VHE\J[E
TSOAECEKJ