Enfermería del Trabajo, volumen 1, número 2, 2011

7/23/2019 Enfermera del Trabajo, volumen 1, nmero 2, 2011

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Nginzanzm hnc XzmjmkfZny`|xm l`ngxi`lm hn cm M|fl`ml`g hn N|unl`mc`|xm| ng Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf

www'zny`|xm'nginzanz`mhncxzmjmkf'lfa

KC Lmjmg`ccm| Afz~gfCm ifzaml`g n|unl`mc`{mhm ng Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf

L Cman`zf Y cmz`f# K L~nym| Zmuf|f# M Jn|xn`zf No~m plfc|'

Mll`hngxn| lfg z`n|of j`fco`lf uzfh~l`hf| ufz zn|`h~f|u~g{mgxn| ng nc Bf|u`xmc An`rfn`zf' Mf| :55=!:5=5

AA Inzgghn{ Inzgghn{# K L`zlfcn| Uzmhf# M A`zmccn|Amzxgn{

N|x~h`f hnc |ghzfan hn u`nzgm| `g}~`nxm| p |~ `gic~ngl`mng cm |mc~h cmjfzmc

F Zfhzo~n{ Jnzon|# I' Lmzjfgncc Xmxmp# A' Om|umz Lmzznf\~|x`x~l`g hn o~mgxn| ng ~g bf|u`xmc; ~gm anh`hm ni`lm{

umzm ny`xmz cm |ng|`j`c`{ml`g mc cxnr

G Jf~jnxm Cnaf|# AA Jmn{m Afzmcn|Ifzaml`g hn Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf ng cm ^'A'Y'@'

Xùf| hn ymz`mjcn| ng cf| n|x~h`f| nu`hna`fco`lf|A Zfanzf \mchmm

Uzfln|f hn mxngl`g hn Nginzanzm ng nc ~|~mz`f hn UYHC Lmzlnhf \mgxf|# \ Mzzmg{ Mcfg|f

Amgnkf p amgù~cml`g hn l`xf|xx`lf| "@)KA Xnghnzf Cfzm# AL Xzxfcm Kàgn{

Nymc~ml`g |àucì`lmhm hn mongxn| j`fco`lf| ng nc xzmjmkf

Z Omccnof Z~j`f

Cm nyfc~l`g j`fco`lm; Hmzw`g# Anghnc p nc Zncfknzf L`nofA Zfanzf \mchmm

Cm g~nym b`|xfz`m lcg`lm hnc \`|xnam Gml`fgmc hn \mc~hA \glbn{ Omzlm

Uzfozmam Uzncà`gmzGfzam| hn lfa~g`lml`fgn| l`ngxi`lm|

Jm|n| hn Uzna`f| hn `gyn|xòml`g

Yfc~ang = G : Mjz`c :5==

Nh`xfz`mc

Mzxl~cf|Fzò`gmcn|

Fzò`gmc Jznyn

Anxfhfcfom hn cm@gyn|xòml`g

Lm|f| Lcg`lf|

Ifzaml`gLfgx`g~mhm

Uznyngl`g Ocfjmc

B~amg`|af pNginzanzm

Cno`|cml`g p\mc~h Cmjfzmc

Y@@ Kfzgmhm|

Gml`fgmcn| MNX


2/68

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3/68

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4/68


5/68

Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 = >2 ! >0 >2Lmjmg`ccm| Afz~gf KCCm ifzaml`g n|unl`mc`{mhm ng Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf

p :9 hn gfy`najzn hn :5==' Umcml`f hn cm Anzlnh' Lzhfjm

MYMGLN HN UZFOZMAM

Y`nzgn| :> hn gfy`najzn

0#55 b Ngxznom hn hfl~angxml`g

=5#55 b @gm~o~zml`g Y@@ Kfzgmhm|Lfginzngl`m `gm~o~zmc'Cm afx`yml`g ng uzfin|`fgmcn| hn cm |mc~h

H' Izmgl`|lf Ynzkmgf Hm{' U|`}~`mxzm' ^g`hmh hn \mc~hAngxmc hn Jmhm hnc Ymcc|' Jmzlncfgm

==#55 b Lmi! Hn|lmg|f==#


8/68

Y@@ Kfzgmhm| Gml`fgmcn| hn Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf:> p :9 hn gfy`najzn hn :5==' Umcml`f hn cm Anzlnh' Lzhfjm

MYMGLN HN UZFOZMAM

\jmhf :9 hn gfy`najzn

=5#55 b An|m


9/68

Y@@ Kfzgmhm| Gml`fgmcn| hn Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf

Lzhfjm :> p :9 hn gfy`najzn hn :5==

GFZAM\ UMZM NC NGYF HN LFA^G@LML@G FZMC

=' Ufhzg uzn|ngxmz|n lfa~g`lml`fgn| fzmcn| fz`o`gmcn| "gf uzn|ngxmhm|ng fxzm| kfzgmhm| f lfgozn|f|# g` u~jc`lmhm| ng zny`|xm|)# }~n ynz|ng|fjzn n|x~h`f| hn `gyn|x`oml`g zncml`fgmhm| lfg cm| lfaunxngl`m| hnNginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf'

:' Lmhm m~xfz&m ufhz uzn|ngxmz xmgxm| lfa~g`lml`fgn| fzmcn| lfafhn|nn' Nc m~xfz&m zn|ufg|mjcn hn lmhm lfa~g`lml`g fzmc bm hn n|xmz`g|lz`xf ng cm| Y@@ Kfzgmhm| Gml`fgmcn| hn Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf'


10/68

NKNAUCF HN LFA^G@LML@G FZMC UMZM NGY@MZ

M^XFZN\ P LFGXMLXF'Cun{ Cun{# A Kf|nim4 \glbn{ \glbn{# Ix`am4 B`hmcof Inzgghn{# Kf| C~`|'^g`hmh J|`lm hn \mc~h Cmjfzmc' Bf|u`xmc hnc ]~`kfxnl& A`o~nc hn Lnzymgxn|# =8 =


11/68

Y@@ Kfzgmhm| Gml`fgmcn| hn Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf

Lzhfjm :> p :9 hn gfy`najzn hn :5==

UZNA@F\ HN @GYN\X@OML@G NG NGINZAZNZM HNC XZMJMKF

J M \ N \

=' Cm MNX ng cm| Y@@ Kfzgmhm| Gml`fgmcn| hn Nginzanzm hncXzmjmkf fzomg`{m cf| uzna`f| ng Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf'

:' Ufhzg fuxmz m n|xf| uzna`f| xfhf| cf| |fl`f| hn cm MNX}~n uzn|ngxng mco~gm lfa~g`lml`g fzmc ng cm| Y@@

Kfzgmhm| Gml`fgmcn| hn Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf'


12/68

9> Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; 9> ! ?:Cman`zf Y`cmz`f L# L~nym| Zmuf|f K# Jn|xn`zf No~m M# L~nym| Zmuf|f M# Uzn{ Mcymznccf| M # Oan{ [~g{~gno~` L# Hnc Lmauf Uzn{ Y

Mll`hngxn| lfg z`n|of j`fco`lf uzfh~l`hf| ufz zn|`h~f| u~g{mgxn| ng nc Bf|u`xmc An`rfn`zf' Mf| :55= ! :5=5

=5

Mzxl~cf| fzò`gmcn|

Mll`hngxn| lfg z`n|of j`fco`lfuzfh~l`hf| ufz zn|`h~f| u~g{mgxn|ng nc Bf|u`xmc An`rfn`zf

Mf| :55= ! :5=5

Zn|~ang

Fjknx`yf; Hnxnza`gmz cm `gl`hngl`m p l`zl~g|xmgl`m| hn

cf| mll`hngxn| lfg Z`n|of j`fco`lf uzfh~l`hf| ufzcf| zn|`h~f| hn amxnz`mc u~g{mgxn&lfzxmgxn# }~n uzfyf!lmg mll`hngxn| gf |cf ng xzmjmkmhfzn| |mg`xmz`f|# |`gfxmaj`g ng fxzf| xzmjmkmhfzn| hn h`lbf| lngxzf|'

Amxnz`mc p axfhf|; N|x~h`f hn|lzùx`yf hn mll`hng!xn| j`fco`lf| ufz zn|`h~f| u~g{mgxn| ng cf| cxàf|=5 mf|' Cf| hmxf| |n nrxzmng hn cm jm|n NU@GNXML'Umzm nc mgc`|`| nu`hna`fco`lf p uz~njm| hn |ògì`lm!l`g n|xmh|x`lm |n bm ~x`c`{mhf nc uzfozmam NU@HMX. ufz amxnz`mc hn|nlbmhf ng jfc|m| hn jm|~zm' Cf|xzmjmkmhfzn| hn cm càu`n{m# cmymghnzm p hnc oz~uf hnnginzanzm a~n|xzmg `glznangxf| hn z`n|of |ògì`lm!x`yf "ZZ1# 0#= p 9#0# u35#555=) izngxn m fxzf|oz~uf| uzfin|`fgmcn|'

H`|l~|`g; M un|mz hnc lfgflà`ngxf hn cm| uznlm~l`f!gn| n|xghmz p lfzznlxm |noznoml`g hnc amxnz`mc u~g!{mgxn# |ò~ng uzfh~l`ghf|n mll`hngxn| j`fco`lf| ufzzn|`h~f| u~g{mgxn|' N| i~ghmangxmc `glznangxmz cmlfgl`ngl`ml`g p ifzaml`g hnc unz|fgmc |mg`xmz`f }~namgnkm n|xn amxnz`mc# m i`g hn uzfxnonz xmgxf |~ |no~z`!hmh# lfaf cm hnc zn|xf hn xzmjmkmhfzn|'

Umcmjzm| lcmyn; Cn|`fgn| u~g{mgxn|# Xzmjmkmhfzn||mg`xmz`f|# Zn|`h~f| lcg`lf|# Hn|nlbf| |mg`xmz`f|# Cn!|`fgn| lfzxfu~g{mgxn|'

M~xfzn|

Cman`zf Y`cmz`f L# L~nym| Zmuf|f K# Jn|xn`zf No~m M# L~nym| Zmuf|f M# Uzn{ Mcymznccf| M #Oan{ [~g{~gno~` L# Hnc Lmauf Uzn{ Y

\nzy`l`f hn Anh`l`gm Uznyngx`ym ! Uznyngl`g Z`n|of| Cmjfzmcn|Lfaucnkf Bf|u`xmcmz`f g`ynz|`xmz`f hn Yòf ! Bf|u`xmc An`rfn`zf'

Lfzzn|ufghngl`m

Lmzang Cman`zf Y`cmz`fNginzanzm N|unl`mc`|xm ng Nginzanzm hnc XzmjmkfBf|u`xmc An`rfn`zf' An`rfn`zf |&g'


13/68

Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; 9> ! ?: 99Cman`zf Y`cmz`f L# L~nym| Zmuf|f K# Jn|xn`zf No~m M# L~nym| Zmuf|f M# Uzn{ Mcymznccf| M # Oan{ [~g{~gno~` L# Hnc Lmauf Uzn{ YMll`hngxn| lfg z`n|of j`fco`lf uzfh~l`hf| ufz zn|`h~f| u~g{mgxn| ng nc Bf|u`xmc An`rfn`zf' Mf| :55= ! :5=5

==

J`fcfo`lmc z`|d mll`hngx|

jp |bmzu| wm|xn `g xbnBf|u`xmc An`rfn`zf

Pnmz| :55= ! :5=5

Mj|xzmlx

Fjknlx`yn; Hnxnza`gn xbn `gl`hngln mgh l`zl~a|xmg!

ln| fi mll`hngx| lm~|nh jp lc`g`lmc |bmzu| wm|xn#wb`lb lm~|n mll`hngx| gfx fgcp `g bnmcxb lmzn wfzdnz|#j~x mc|f fxbnz naucfpnn| fi xbf|n lngxnz|'

Amxnz`mc mgh anxbfh|; Hn|lzùx`yn |x~hp fi j`fcfo`!lmc wm|xn!|bmzu| mll`hngx| `g xbn cm|x =5 pnmz|' Xbnhmxm mzn nrxzmlxnh izfa xbn jm|n NU@GNXML' Ifz nu`!hna`fcfo`lmc mgmcp|`| mgh |xmx`|x`lmc |ògì`lmgln xn|x|`x bm| jnng ~|nh xbn uzfozma NU@HMX


14/68

9? Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; 9> ! ?:Cman`zf Y`cmz`f L# L~nym| Zmuf|f K# Jn|xn`zf No~m M# L~nym| Zmuf|f M# Uzn{ Mcymznccf| M # Oan{ [~g{~gno~` L# Hnc Lmauf Uzn{ Y


=:

Umc`mx`yf|# m| lfaf nc znm lfzzn|ufgh`ngxn m Mxng!l`g Uz`amz`m# }~n |~amg ~gm ufjcml`g hn


15/68

Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; 9> ! ?: 92Cman`zf Y`cmz`f L# L~nym| Zmuf|f K# Jn|xn`zf No~m M# L~nym| Zmuf|f M# Uzn{ Mcymznccf| M # Oan{ [~g{~gno~` L# Hnc Lmauf Uzn{ YMll`hngxn| lfg z`n|of j`fco`lf uzfh~l`hf| ufz zn|`h~f| u~g{mgxn| ng nc Bf|u`xmc An`rfn`zf' Mf| :55= ! :5=5

= ! ?:Cman`zf Y`cmz`f L# L~nym| Zmuf|f K# Jn|xn`zf No~m M# L~nym| Zmuf|f M# Uzn{ Mcymznccf| M # Oan{ [~g{~gno~` L# Hnc Lmauf Uzn{ Y


=8

xzmg|a`xxnh `g u~jc`|bnh lm|n|' Manz`lmg Kf~zgmc fi@ginlx`fg Lfgxzfc ":559)


17/68

Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; 9> ! ?: ?5Cman`zf Y`cmz`f L# L~nym| Zmuf|f K# Jn|xn`zf No~m M# L~nym| Zmuf|f M# Uzn{ Mcymznccf| M # Oan{ [~g{~gno~` L# Hnc Lmauf Uzn{ YMll`hngxn| lfg z`n|of j`fco`lf uzfh~l`hf| ufz zn|`h~f| u~g{mgxn| ng nc Bf|u`xmc An`rfn`zf' Mf| :55= ! :5=5

=>

Ozi`lf @@

Ozi`lf @@@


18/68

?= Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; 9> ! ?:Cman`zf Y`cmz`f L# L~nym| Zmuf|f K# Jn|xn`zf No~m M# L~nym| Zmuf|f M# Uzn{ Mcymznccf| M # Oan{ [~g{~gno~` L# Hnc Lmauf Uzn{ Y


=9

Ozi`lf @Y

Ozi`lf Y


19/68

Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; 9> ! ?: ?:Cman`zf Y`cmz`f L# L~nym| Zmuf|f K# Jn|xn`zf No~m M# L~nym| Zmuf|f M# Uzn{ Mcymznccf| M # Oan{ [~g{~gno~` L# Hnc Lmauf Uzn{ YMll`hngxn| lfg z`n|of j`fco`lf uzfh~l`hf| ufz zn|`h~f| u~g{mgxn| ng nc Bf|u`xmc An`rfn`zf' Mf| :55= ! :5=5

=?

Ozi`lf Y@


20/68

?< Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; ?< ! 25Inzgghn{ Inzgghn{ AA# L`zlfcn| Uzmhf K# A`zmccn| Amzxgn{ M

N|x~h`f hnc \ghzfan hn U`nzgm| @g}~`nxm| p |~ g~ngl`m ng \mc~h Cmjfzmc

=2

Mzxl~cf| fzò`gmcn|

N|x~h`f hnc \ghzfan hn U`nzgm|@g}~`nxm| p |~ `g~ngl`m ng \mc~hCmjfzmc

Zn|~ang

Nc |ghzfan hn U`nzgm| @g}~`nxm| n| ~gm umxfcfomiznl~ngxn n `g|~i`l`ngxnangxn h`mogf|x`lmhm l~pm

uznymcngl`m ng N~zfum p NN^^ |n |`xm ngxzn ~g >!=5. hn anh`m' Lmhm yn{ zn|~cxm a| bmj`x~mc# }~n|nm ng cm mlx`y`hmh hnc ah`lf hnc xzmjmkf# hfghn |nznlfgf{lm nc umhnlà`ngxf hn n|xn |ghzfan ufz

mcog xzmjmkmhfz# hnj`hf m cm n|unl`mc mxngl`g uzn!yngx`ym }~n |n hnh`lm m cm mhmuxml`g hn cf| u~n|xf|hn xzmjmkf4 pm }~n ng flm|`fgn| |~ufgn ~g àumlxfng cm lmc`hmh hn y`hm hnc uml`ngxn n `glc~|f ng |~znghà`ngxf cmjfzmc'

Bnaf| znmc`{mhf ~g N|x~h`f Nu`hna`fco`lf ng xzm! jmkmhfzn| ~|~mz`f| hn UYH "Umgxmccm| hn Y`|~mc`{m!l`g hn Hmxf|) hn Znu|fc# ~x`c`{mghf cm `gifzaml`gznlfo`hm ng cf| znlfgflà`ngxf| ah`lf| hn Yò`!cmgl`m hn cm \mc~h' G~n|xzf| fjknx`yf| |fg lfgflnzcm uznymcngl`m hn n|xn |ghzfan ng h`lbf lfcnlx`yf p|~ uf|`jcn m|fl`ml`g i`|`fumxfco`lm lfg n|xmhf| hn

inzzfung`m# bùfinzz`x`gna`m# g`yncn| hn|lngh`hf| hny`xma`gm J =: p amogn|`f# |nhngxmz`|af# xmjm}~`|!af# p xzmxma`ngxf| lfg u|`lfizamlf|' G~n|xzm lfg!lc~|`g uz`glùmc n| }~n nr`|xn m|fl`ml`g n|xmh|x`!

lmangxn |ògì`lmx`ym hn umhnlnz \U@ lfg nc n|x`cfhn y`hm |nhngxmz`f'

Umcmjzm| Lcmyn; U`nzgm| `g}~`nxm|# `g|fag`f# gfl!x~zg`hmh# |nhngxmz`|af# znghà`ngxf cmjfzmc'

Mj|xzmlxZn|xcn|| Cno| \pghzfan `| m izn}~ngx umxbfcfopmcxbf~ob `g|~ii`l`ngxcp h`mogf|nh# wbf|n uznymcng!ln `g N~zfun mgh ^\M zmgon| izfa >!=5.' Nynzpxàn `x `| afzn bmj`x~mc# xbmg `x `| `g xbn fll~umx`f!gmc bnmcxb # wbnzn xbn |~iinz`go fi xb`| |pghzfan jp|fan wfzdnz `| lcnmz# h~n xf xbn |unl`mc uznyngx`ynmxxngx`fg xbmx `| hnh`lmxnh xf xbn mhmuxmx`fg fi xbn

kfj|4 jnlm~|n `g xàn| fi mg àumlx fg xbn }~mc`xp ficìn fi xbn umx`ngx mgh nyng `g b`| unzifzamgln mxwfzd'

_n bmyn amhn mg \x~hp Nu`hna`fcfo`|x `g y`hnfh`|ucmp xnza`gmc "YHX) fi Znu|fc ~|nz|# bmy`go~|nh lfccnlxnh `g xbn anh`lmc nrma`gmx`fg| fi Af!g`xfz`go fi xbn Bnmcxb' F~z fjknlx`yn| mzn xf dgfw

M~xfzn|

Inzgghn{ Inzgghn{ AA "=)# L`zlfcn| Uzmhf K ":)# A`zmccn| Amzxgn{ M "


21/68

Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; ?< ! 25 ?8Inzgghn{ Inzgghn{ AA# L`zlfcn| Uzmhf K# A`zmccn| Amzxgn{ MN|x~h`f hnc \ghzfan hn U`nzgm| @g}~`nxm| p |~ g~ngl`m ng \mc~h Cmjfzmc

=0

xbn uznymcngln xb`| |pghzfan `g xb`| ozf~u mgh `x|uf||`jcn ubp|`fumxbfcfo`lmc m||fl`mx`fg w`xb cnync|

hn|lnghnh izfa `zfg# y`xma`g J =:# amogn|`~a#|nhngxmzp |xpcn fi cìn# |afd`go# mgh xznmxangx|w`xb u|plfhz~o|' F~z am`g lfglc~|`fg `| xbmx m||f!l`mx`fg |xmx`|x`lmccp |ògì`lmgx nr`|x| xf |~iinz \U@izfa xbn |nhngxmzp |xpcn fi cìn'

Dnp wfzh|; Zn|xcn|| cno|# `g|fag`m# gflx~zgmc lfg!h`x`fg# |nhngxmzp# cmjf~z p`nch'

@gxzfh~ll`g

Ng g~anzf|m| flm|`fgn|# xzmjmkmhfzn| p uml`ngxn|hn g~n|xzm| nauzn|m| zni`nzng |~iz`z |ng|ml`g hnamcn|xmz ng cm| u`nzgm|# }~n hn|lz`jng hn h`ynz|m|ifzam| lfaf bfzaò~nf|# }~nam{g# un|mhn{# hf!cfz# nxl\fcnaf| bmlnz ~g uzànz h`mog|x`lf |`g!hza`lf ung|mghf ng mcxnzml`fgn| l`zl~cmxfz`m|#ym|l~cmzn|# gn~zfumxm|# a`mco`m| f xzm|xfzgf| mg|`f!|f hnuzn|`yf| p uflm| ynln| ung|maf| ng nc \g!hzfan hn U`nzgm| @g}~`nxm|'

Lfg n|xn xzmjmkf# uznxnghnaf| ccmamz cm mxngl`g|fjzn ~gm umxfcfom nrxzmfzh`gmz`mangxn iznl~ngxn'

Ymz`f| n|x~h`f| ufjcml`fgmcn| znmc`{mhf| ng N~zfum"Bng`go nx mcc' :558) p NN^^ "G`lfcm| nx mcc' :55 p nc :8. zn|unlx`ymangxn' Bm|xm bfp# n| ~g |g!hzfan uflf lfgfl`hf n `g|~i`l`ngxnangxn h`mogf|!x`lmhf' \cf = hn lmhm 8 uml`ngxn| }~n ml~hng lfg|gxfam| hn u`nzgm| `g}~`nxm| m |~ ah`lf hn lmjn!lnzm# |fg h`mogf|x`lmhf| lfzznlxmangxn' Nc |ghzf!an hn U`nzgm| @g}~`nxm|# |n lmzmlxnz`{m ufz |ng|m!l`fgn| hn|mozmhmjcn| ng cm| u`nzgm| ng |`x~ml`fgn|hn znuf|f# |fjznxfhf h~zmgxn cm gflbn# }~n hn|na!

jflm ng ~g àu~c|f `glfgxzfcmjcn hn afynz|n# xzm|!

xfzgf| hnc |~nf p lfg|nl~ngxnangxn n|xmhf| hnimxòm h~zmgxn nc hm# }~n u~nhn ccnomz m xngnz ~gàumlxf ng cm lmc`hmh hn y`hm hnc uml`ngxn n `glc~|fng |~ znghà`ngxf cmjfzmc'

Mhna| bnaf| znmc`{mhf ~g n|x~h`f nu`hna`fco`lf|fjzn nc a`|af# umzm nc l~mc ncnoàf| ~gm a~n|xzmhn xzmjmkmhfzn| ~|~mz`f| hn UYH "Umgxmccm hn Y`|~m!c`{ml`g hn Hmxf|)# u~n| n| j`ng lfgfl`hm cm n|un!l`mc |~|lnux`j`c`hmh hn n|xn lfcnlx`yf m umhnlnz mcxn!zml`fgn| ng AA@@ hnj`hm| a~lbm| ynln| m |~| lfg!h`l`fgn| hn xzmjmkf4 ufz nknaucf cm |nhn|xml`g uzf!cfgomhm'

Ng n|xn xzmjmkf bm umzx`lùmhf lfaf nrunzxf ng cmamxnz`m nc Hz' Majzf|`f A`zmccn| Amzxgn{# Knin hn\nll`g hn Gn~zfcfom hnc Bf|u`xmc @gimgxm \fim hn

Amhz`h ozml`m| m |~ lfgflà`ngxf uzlx`lf ng nch`mog|x`lf hn n|xn |ghzfan hngxzf hn cm lm|~|x`lm

hn |~ mlx`y`hmh ah`lm h`mz`m'

Fjknx`yf|

Hì~gh`z nc lfgflà`ngxf hn ~g |ghzfan iznl~ng!xn p uflf h`mogf|x`lmhf# ngxzn nc lfcnlx`yf hn uzf!in|`fgmcn| hn cm Anh`l`gm hnc Xzmjmkf# l~pf h`mo!g|x`lf n| anzmangxn lcg`lf# cf }~n gf| unza`xnccnomz mc a`|af lfg zncmx`ym iml`c`hmh'

Lfgflnz cm uznymcngl`m hn n|xn |ghzfan ng ~gma~n|xzm hn xzmjmkmhfzn| ~|~mz`f| hn UYH hnZNU\FC PUI# lfaumzghfcm lfg cm hn cm ufjcm!l`g ongnzmc p lfauzfjmz |~ uf|`jcn m|fl`ml`gi`|`fumxfco`lm lfg n|xmhf| hn inzzfung`m# g`yncn|

jmkf| hn inzz`x`gm# y`xma`gm J=: p amogn|`f# |n!hngxmz`|af# xmjm}~`|af# p xzmxma`ngxf| lfg u|`lf!izamlf|'

Uzfufgnz anh`hm| uznyngx`ym| p xnzmu~x`lm| m cf|xzmjmkmhfzn| }~n |~izng n|xn |ghzfan# lfg nc i`ghn ankfzmz |~ lmc`hmh hn y`hm p znh~l`z |~| ninl!xf| gnomx`yf| ng nc znghà`ngxf cmjfzmc'

\ghzfan hn u`nzgm| `g}~`nxm|

Nc xza`gf |ghzfan hn u`nzgm| `g}~`nxm| hnjn |~gfajzn mc uzfin|fz Dmzc!Mrnc Ndjfa }~n ng =08>`hngxì`l p lmzmlmxnz`{ nc |ghzfan' Ufz nccf xma!

j`g |n lfgfln lfaf nginzanhmh hn Ndjfa' \`gnajmzof# cm uzànzm hfl~angxml`g |fjzn cf }~na~p uzfjmjcnangxn i~nzm nc \U@# fl~zz` bmln ~gf|


22/68

?> Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; ?< ! 25Inzgghn{ Inzgghn{ AA# L`zlfcn| Uzmhf K# A`zmccn| Amzxgn{ M


:5

l`ngxn| lfg |`gxfamxfcfom mxu`lm f lfafzj`c`hmhlfg fxzf| xzm|xfzgf| hnc afyà`ngxf f hnc |~nf'

Lz`xnz`f| h`mog|x`lf| n|ngl`mcn|

=' ^gm ~zongl`m umzm afynz cm| u`nzgm|# ongnzmc!angxn mlfaummhm f lm~|mhm ufz |ng|ml`fgn|afcn|xm| f hn|mozmhmjcn| ng cm| u`nzgm|'

:' Cm ~zongl`m hn afyà`ngxf f cm| |ng|ml`fgn|hn|mozmhmjcn| nau`n{mg f naunfzmg h~zmgxn cf|

unz`fhf| hn znuf|f f `gmlx`y`hmh'

. hn a~knzn| }~n gf uzn|ngxmg |gxfam| mc`g`l`f hn |~ najmzm{f# uzn|ngxmg \U@ ng nc xnzlnzxzàn|xzn'

I`|`fumxfcfom

\U@ uzàmz`f f `h`fux`lf; 25. hn cf| lm|f| gf |nm|fl`m m ~gm lm~|m lcmzm'

\U@ |nl~ghmz`f; :5. n| |nl~ghmz`f m fxzf| xzm|xfz!

gf|# ngxzn cf| l~mcn|# cf| }~n uzn|ngxmg ~gm m|fl`m!l`g lfg|`|xngxn lfg nc |ghzfan |fg; nc hi`l`x hnb`nzzf# najmzm{f# cm mzxz`x`| zn~amxf`hn "uf|`jcn!angxn ufz}~n |n m|fl`m m ~g xzm|xfzgf ng nc anxmjf!c`|af hnc b`nzzf) p cm `g|~i`l`ngl`m zngmc lzg`lm'Xmaj`g u~nhng `gh~l`z f mozmymz ~g \U@# izamlf|mgx`hnuzn|`yf| "xz`llc`lf|# @\Z\)# nc c`x`f f izam!lf| mgx`hfuma`gzo`lf| "mgxù|`lx`lf|# mgx`nax`!lf|)# mgx`b`|xmag`lf|# |nhmgxn|'

Jm|n| imzamlfco`lm| hnc \U@; Cm `gon|xm hn hf|`|jmkm| hn cnyfhfum f hn ~g fu`lnf lfgh~ln mc mc`y`f

hn cf| |gxfam| hnc \U@' Cf| mofg`|xm| hfuma`gz!o`lf| xmaj`g ankfzmg cf| |gxfam|'

Z`xaf l`zlmh`mgf hnc \U@ p |`|xnam| anxmjc`lf|;B`nzzf p hfuma`gm n|xg zncml`fgmhf| anxmjc`lm!


23/68


:=

angxn u~n| nc b`nzzf mlxm lfaf lfng{àm hn cmx`zf|`gm! b`hzfr`cm|m# }~n n| nc ng{àm cà`xmgxn hn

cm |gxn|`| hn hfuma`gm' Mhna| n|xn ng{àm |ò~n~g z`xaf l`zlmh`mgf# |`nghf angf| mlx`ym ng cm| c!xàm| bfzm| hnc hm# cf }~n nruc`lmzm nc z`xaf l`zlm!h`mgf }~n |ò~n n|xn |ghzfan' Cm lfg|nl~ngl`ma| zncnymgxn hn cm imcxm hn b`nzzf n| ~gm h`|a`g~!l`g hn hfuma`gm'

Anh`mgxn ZAG |n bm muznl`mhf ~gm h`|a`g~l`g hnb`nzzf ng |~|xmgl`m gnozm p n|xz`mhf# m| lfaf ~gm

jmkm nruzn|`g hn cf| znlnuxfzn| hn xzmg|inzz`gm# cf}~n ufhzm `gh`lmz# }~n ~g xzm|xfzgf ng nc anxmjf!c`|af hn b`nzzf ng nc |`|xnam gnzy`f|f lngxzmc# uf!hzm n|xmz zncml`fgmhf lfg cm mumz`l`g hnc |ghzfan'

Ongx`lm; Ngxzn ~g bfzm| hn|~nf ufz cm gflbn' ^g n|xmhf hn |fagfcngl`mh`~zgf u~nhn `gic~`z gnomx`ymangxn ng nc zngh`!a`ngxf cmjfzmc# lmuml`hmh hn lfglngxzml`g p

zn|u~n|xm# p hn|najflmz ng ~g xzm|xfzgf hnuzn! |`yf hnc gàf n `glc~|f m~angxmz nc z`n|of hn|~iz`z ~g mll`hngxn cmjfzmc'

H`mog|x`lf hìnzngl`mc

Nr`|xng ~gm| uflm| nginzanhmhn| }~n u~nhng |à~!cmz ~g \U@' Hnjn znmc`{mz|n h`mog|x`lf hìnzngl`mclfg cf| |ghzfan| hfcfzf|f| hn cm| u`nzgm| "ufz mz!xzfumxm f gn~zfumxm)# unzf cm uzn|ngl`m hnc z`xaf

l`zlmh`mgf p nc mc`y`f `ganh`mxf hn cf| |gxfam| mcafynz cm| u`nzgm| unza`xng h`|x`go~`z nc l~mhzf lfg

iml`c`hmh' Xmaj`g bmp }~n hìnzngl`mzcf hn fxzf|xzm|xfzgf| hnc |~nf# ng cf| }~n n|x uzn|ngxn cm gn!ln|`hmh hn afynz cm| u`nzgm| lfgx`g~mangxn'

\ghzfan| afxfzn|;

Lmcmajzn| gflx~zgf| hn cm| u`nzgm|Mlmx`|`m\ghzfan hn cf| u`n| mzh`ngxn|&gn~zfumxm hn i`jzm|

un}~nm|H`|xfgm ng u`n| f hnhf|

U`nzgm| hfcfzf|m| p afyà`ngxf| hn cf| hnhf|A`flcfgf hnc |~nf\ghzfan hn hfcfz&im|`l~cml`g a~|l~cmzMlmx`|`m bùfxng|`ym


24/68

?? Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; ?< ! 25Inzgghn{ Inzgghn{ AA# L`zlfcn| Uzmhf K# A`zmccn| Amzxgn{ M


::

\ghzfan| |ng|`x`yf|;Ufc`gn~zfumxmNginzanhmhn| ym|l~cmzn| hn cm| u`nzgm|; lcm~h`lm!l`g4 n|xm|`| yngf|m\ghzfan lm~|mco`m!h`|xfgm

Fxzf| "lfaf lfg|nl~ngl`m hnc \U@);

@g|fag`fXzm|xfzgf| minlx`yf|

Xzmxma`ngxf

G~n|xzm uz`glùmc lfaunxngl`m ng n|xn m|~gxf n|muznghnz m znlfgflnz n|xn |ghzfan p |nz lmumln| hnmjfzhmz nc xzmxma`ngxf hn m}~nccf| uml`ngxn| }~n

|~izng ~g \U@ cnyn f afhnzmhf "|gxfam| n|ufzh`!lf| ~ flm|`fgmcn| f lfg ~gm iznl~ngl`m angfz m :

hm| ufz |namgm)' Hn ò~mc afhf# nglm~{mz mc um!l`ngxn lfg ~g |ghzfan a| ozmyn }~n uzn|ngxm |g!xfam| xzn| f a| hm| m cm |namgm p }~n cn |~ufgng~g àumlxf àufzxmgxn ng |~ lmc`hmh hn y`hm# hnz`!yghfcf umzm |~ ymcfzml`g p xzmxma`ngxf ufz ~ggn~zcfof'

Xzmxma`ngxf imzamlfco`lf

Hn ncnll`g |fg cf| mofg`|xm| hfuma`gzo`lf|' Cm

cnyfhfum lfgxzfcm nc \U@ m lfzxf p anh`f ucm{f' N|x`c ng uml`ngxn| lfg |gxfam| flm|`fgmcn| }~n u~n!hng |nz xzmxmhf| m hnamghm pm }~n ng xzmxma`ngxf| mcmzof ucm{f# u~nhng uzfh~l`z|n hf| lfauc`lml`fgn|}~n |fg; nc ninlxf znjfxn "znl~zzngl`m hn cf| |gxf!am| hnc \U@ ng cm |no~ghm a`xmh hn cm gflbn f ng cmamhz~omhm) p nc ingangf hn m~angxf "f ufxngl`m!

Iò~zm =' Anh`hm| gf imzamlfco`lm| ongnzmcn|


25/68


: ng |~ mzxl~cf 8# hnjng l~auc`z cm| nròng!

l`m| n|ngl`mcn| hn |mg`hmh p |no~z`hmh uzny`|xm| ng ncMgnrf @@' Ufz cxàf nc mzxl~cf 9'='h hnc ZH 998&=00?# |fjzn uzfxnll`g m cf| xzmjmkmhfzn| izngxn m z`n|!of| zncml`fgmhf| lfg cf| mongxn| j`fco`lf|=>'

Amxnz`mc p axfhf|

\n hn|mzzfccm ~g n|x~h`f hn cf| lm|f| zna`x`hf| hn|hnnc \nzy`l`f hn Uznyngl`g m cm n|unl`mc`|xm ng Hnzam!xfcfom hnc bf|u`xmc# ngxzn cf| mf| :552 mc :5=5# lfg

mcog xùf hn znmll`g mhynz|m }~n u~h`nzm n|xmz zncm!l`fgmhm lfg nc ~|f hn o~mgxn| hn cxnr' Bmp }~n xngnzng l~ngxm }~n |fg zna`x`hm| m n|xm n|unl`mc`hmh mc gfxngnz# hn afangxf# nc bf|u`xmc |nzy`l`f hn mcnzofcfom'

Zn|~cxmhf|

Ng cm| |ò~`ngxn| xmjcm| p iò~zm| |n hn|lz`jng cf| hm!xf| fjxng`hf|'

I@O^ZM @ OM\XF O^MGXN\ NRMANG GF N\XZ@CN\


32/68

2> Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; 2= ! 22Zfhzo~n{ Jnzon| F# Lmzjfgncc Xmxmp I# Om|umz Lmzznf A# Amzx Ofg{cn{ Z# Mog Ofg{cn{ KK

\~|x`x~l`g hn o~mgxn| ng ~g bf|u`xmc# ~gm anh`hm nlm{ hn ny`xmz znmll`fgn| mhynz|m| zncml`fgmhm| lfg nc ~|f hn o~mgxn| hn cxnr


33/68

Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; 2= ! 22 29Zfhzo~n{ Jnzon| F# Lmzjfgncc Xmxmp I# Om|umz Lmzznf A# Amzx Ofg{cn{ Z# Mog Ofg{cn{ KK\~|x`x~l`g hn o~mgxn| ng ~g bf|u`xmc# ~gm anh`hm nlm{ hn ny`xmz znmll`fgn| mhynz|m| zncml`fgmhm| lfg nc ~|f hn o~mgxn| hn cxnr


34/68

2? Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; 2= ! 22Zfhzo~n{ Jnzon| F# Lmzjfgncc Xmxmp I# Om|umz Lmzznf A# Amzx Ofg{cn{ Z# Mog Ofg{cn{ KK

\~|x`x~l`g hn o~mgxn| ng ~g bf|u`xmc# ~gm anh`hm nlm{ hn ny`xmz znmll`fgn| mhynz|m| zncml`fgmhm| lfg nc ~|f hn o~mgxn| hn cxnr


35/68

Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; 2= ! 22 22Zfhzo~n{ Jnzon| F# Lmzjfgncc Xmxmp I# Om|umz Lmzznf A# Amzx Ofg{cn{ Z# Mog Ofg{cn{ KK\~|x`x~l`g hn o~mgxn| ng ~g bf|u`xmc# ~gm anh`hm nlm{ hn ny`xmz znmll`fgn| mhynz|m| zncml`fgmhm| lfg nc ~|f hn o~mgxn| hn cxnr

' Pù N# X~zkmgamm D# Go Du# Afd# DC' Mccnzo`lzn|ufg|n| mgh cnync| fi nrxzmlxmjcn uzfxn`g| `g

GZ cmxnr ocfyn| mgh hzp z~jjnz uzfh~lx|' K GmxZ~jjnz Zn| =0084 0;?0!29'

9' Mongxn| }~a`lf| ng nc aj`xf |mg`xmz`f' N|l~n!cm Gml`fgmc Anh`l`gm hnc Xzmjmkf "NGAX)' @g|!x`x~xf hn \mc~h Lmzcf| @@@' A`g`|xnz`f hn L`ngl`mn @ggfyml`g' Amhz`h' Jcmglf L# Um|l~mc K#]~`zln \' :5=5;=0?!:=9'

?' Jm~z R# Lbng [# Mccanz| B' Lmg m xbzn|bfchcà`x ymc~n ifz gmx~zmc z~jjnz cmxnr m`zjfzgnmccnzong| jn hni`gnh6 K Mccnzop Lc`g @aa~gfc=0024 =5=; :8!:?'

2' Ccnfgmzx# Z' \`x~ml`g mlx~mc hnc ~|f hn o~mgxn|}~`zzo`lf| p hn nrmang ng nc \`|xnam hn \mc~hN|umfc' \na`gmz`f Ocfyn|; Amgmo`go `ginl!x`fg lfgxzfc |ncnlx`go xbn zòbx ocfyn|' Am!hz`h' :: K~g`f :5=='

0' \xnzg O' ^jnznaui`ghc`lbxdn`x onong dm~|x!lb~ld mc| ~zm|lbn yfg ~zx`lmz`m ~gh }~`gldn|!lbna fhna dc`g wflbng|lbzìx' =0:?' 9; =509!?'

=5' G~xxnz MI' Lfgxmlx ~zx`lmz`m xf z~jjnz' Jz' K'Hnzamxfcfop' =0?0' =5=;>02'

==' Lmzz`ccf X# L~nym| A# A~f{ X nx mc' Lfgxmlx~zx`lmz`m mgh z`g`x`| izfa cmxnr |~zo`lmc ocfyn|'Lfgxmlx Hnzamx`x`|' =029' =>; 90!?:'

=:' Cnp # 2 hn gfy`najzn# hn Uznyngl`g hnZ`n|of| Cmjfzmcn|'

=' ZH 998&=00?# hn =: hn ampf# |fjzn cm uzfxnl!l`g m cf| xzmjmkmhfzn| lfgxzm cf| z`n|of| zncm!l`fgmhf| lfg cm nruf|`l`g m mongxn| j`fco`lf|h~zmgxn nc xzmjmkf'

=9' ZH =:00&:559# hn =5 hn gfy`najzn# ufz nc }~n|n muz~njm nc l~mhzf hn nginzanhmhn| uzfin|`f!gmcn| ng nc |`|xnam hn cm \no~z`hmh \fl`mc p |nn|xmjcnlng lz`xnz`f| umzm |~ gfxì`lml`g p zno`|!xzf'

=?' Z`n|of| |ng|`j`c`{mgxn| cmjfzmcn| ufz cm ~x`c`{m!l`g hn cxnr p |~ uznyngl`g' @G\BX' A`g`|xn!z`f hn Xzmjmkf n @gaòzml`g'

=2' ^|f zml`fgmc hnc o~mgxn ng nc aj`xf |mg`xmz`f'Lfa`x hn mcnzo`m mc cxnr hn cm \NM@L "\fl`n!hmh N|umfcm hn Mcnzofcfom n @ga~gfcfomLcg`lm)'

=0' Anh`hm| uzfu~n|xm| ufz cm MNHY "Mlmhna`mN|umfcm hn Hnzamxfcfom p Yngnznfcfom) |f!

jzn nc o~mgxn hn cxnr'

:5' O~mzh`fcm L# Ccmam| A# Inzgghn{ Y' Bf|u`xmc^g`ynz|`xmz`f Y`zong hn cm Mzz`rmlm' A~zl`m'\~|x`x~l`g hn cf| o~mgxn| hn cxnr lfg ufcyf

ufz fxzm| afhmc`hmhn| ng ~g bf|u`xmc hn xnzlnzg`ync' Lfa~g`lml`g fzmc ng nc Y Kfzgmhm| p @Lfgozn|f Gml`fgmc \nzy`l`f| hn Uznyngl`g hnZ`n|of| Cmjfzmcn| ng nc aj`xf \mg`xmz`f' Am!hz`h' Gfy`najzn :55?'

:=' Ub`ccù| Y# Offhz`lb A# XK \' Bnmcxb lmzn wfz!dnz h`|mj`c`xp h~n xf cmxnr mccnzop mgh m|xbam; mlf|x mgmcp|`|' Ma K U~jc`l Bnmcbx' =000420;=5:8!2'

::' I`cfg IC# Zmhamg O' Cmxnr mccnzop; m ifccfw ~u|x~hp fi ='585 bnmcxblmzn wfzdnz|' Fll~u Ngy`!zfg Anh' :5594 9'


36/68

20 Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; 20 ! 0=Jf~jnxm Cnaf| G# Jmn{m Afzmcn| AA

Ifzaml`g hn Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf ng cm ^'A'Y'@'


37/68

Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; 20 ! 0= 05Jf~jnxm Cnaf| G# Jmn{m Afzmcn| AAIfzaml`g hn Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf ng cm ^'A'Y'@'

Ymcfzmz unz`l`mcangxn# ng nc aj`xf lfaunxngl`mc hncm uzfin|`g nginzanzm# cm| lfg|nl~ngl`m| }~n x`ngn

cm umxfcfom lfag }~n u~h`nzm lfc`|`fgmz lfg cmmlx`y`hmh cmjfzmc'

Hnxnlxmz p ymcfzmz ng nc aj`xf lfaunxngl`mc hn cm uzfin|`g nginzanzm# cf| n|xmhf| hn |mc~h }~n |nmg|~|lnux`jcn| hn lmaj`f hn u~n|xf hn xzmjmkf'

Ymcfzmz unz`l`mcangxn# ng nc aj`xf lfaunxngl`mc hncm uzfin|`g nginzanzm# cm| mlx~ml`fgn| |mg`xmz`m| ngnc aj`xf cmjfzmc'

M|n|fzmz p fz`ngxmz ng cm on|x`g p xzma`xml`g hn cf|nrunh`ngxn| hn `glmuml`hmh mgxn cm| ngx`hmhn| p cf|

fzomg`|af| lfaunxngxn|'

Anxfhfcfom

Nc Nginzanzf&m @gxnzgf&m Zn|`hngxn hnc Xzmjmkf zfxm~g unz`fhf fi`l`mc hn => hm| ufz cm ^g`hmh Ah`lm hnYmcfzml`fgn| hn @glmuml`hmhn| lfzzn|ufgh`ngxn m |~

uzfy`gl`m# ng n|xn lm|f Mcanzm# znmc`{mghf cm| |`!o~`ngxn| mlx`y`hmhn|;

Mlfaummghf m cm Nginzanzm \~j`g|unlxfzm ng |~|i~gl`fgn|; Lfgxzfc hn cm @glmuml`hmh Xnaufzmc "um!|mghf lfg|~cxm# mhncmgxf hn l`xm|# |fc`l`x~h hn @g!ifzan| ah`lf| p uz~njm| lfaucnangxmz`m|)

N|xmghf uzn|ngxn ng cm| zn~g`fgn| amgxng`hm| lfgMxngl`g Uzàmz`m p N|unl`mc`{mhm# m| lfaf cm|

uzfu`m| hn cm ^g`hmh'

Lfgfl`nghf xfhm cm ~g`hmh p cm h`|xz`j~l`g hnc xzm!jmkf ngxzn cf| hìnzngxn| a`najzf| hnc n}~ùf# `g|!unlxfzn| p mha`g`|xzmx`yf|# cf }~n bm unza`x`hf bm!

lnz|n ~gm `hnm ocfjmc hnc |nzy`l`f'Cf| Fjknx`yf| amzlmhf| ufz g~n|xzf uzfozmam ifzam!x`yf h~zmgxn h`lbm zfxml`g bmg |`hf cm mh}~ |`l`g hnlfgflà`ngxf| mlnzlm hn;

Cm| i~gl`fgn| hn cm Nginzanzm \~j`g|unlxfzm'

Ngx`hmhn| }~n lfgxzfcmg cm @glmuml`hmh Xnaufzmc'

Lfgxzfc p On|x`g hn cm @glmuml`hmh Xnaufzmc'

Imlxfzn| }~n `gic~png ng cm ~x`c`{ml`g hn cm| uzn|xm!l`fgn| |mg`xmz`m| ng @'X'

Muc`lml`g hn cm cno`|cml`g ng nc lfgxzfc hn @glmum!l`hmh Xnaufzmc p Unzamgngxn'

Zncml`g lfg cm| A~x~m| p lfg nc @G\\# p |~| l`zl~`!xf| funzmx`yf|'

Zncml`g lfg cf| \nzy`l`f| hn Uznyngl`g hn Z`n|!of| Cmjfzmcn|'

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Uz~njm| h`mog|x`lm| hn nginzanzm'

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Zn|~cxmhf|

\n bmg mclmg{mhf cf| fjknx`yf| uzfu~n|xf|' Mhna|# |nbm uzn|ngxmhf ~g u|xnz lfg h`lbm `gifzaml`g nc um!|mhf an| hn Gfy`najzn ng nc @Y Lfgozn|f hn @g|unl!l`g hn \nzy`l`f| \mg`xmz`f| lncnjzmhf ng Ymcngl`m p |nbm ncmjfzmhf ~gm uzn|ngxml`g ufwnz uf`gx |fjzn cm@glmuml`hmh xnaufzmc'

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J`jc`fozmim

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Znmc Hnlznxf 8>5&:55># hn :: hn mjz`c# N|unl`mc`hmhn|hn Nginzanzm'


38/68

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43/68

Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; 09 ! =5= 09Lmzlnhf \mgxf| C# Mzzmg{ Mcfg|f \Uzfln|f hn mxngl`g hn nginzanzm ng nc ~|~mz`f hn umgxmccm hn y`|~mc`{ml`g hn hmxf|; afhncf hn lm|f lcg`lf

8=

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Zn|~ang

Cm muc`lml`g hnc uzfln|f hn mxngl`g hn nginzanzm"UMN) unza`xn uzn|xmz l~`hmhf| hn ~gm ifzam zml`fgmc#co`lm# |`|xnax`lm p lfgx`g~mhm' Ng n|xn uzfln|f n|i~ghmangxmc }~n nginzanzm ~x`c`ln ~g cngo~mkn uzf!

u`f4 umzm nccf h`|ufgnaf| mlx~mcangxn hn cm Xmrfgf!am nginzanzm "H`mog|x`lf| GMGHM!@@# @gxnzyng!l`fgn| G@L p Zn|~cxmhf| hn nginzanzm GFL)' M lfg!x`g~ml`g uzn|ngxmaf| ~g uf|`jcn lm|f lcg`lf hn ~gm

xzmjmkmhfzm ~|~mz`m hn UYH mxngh`hm ng lfg|~cxm hnnginzanzm' Cm ymcfzml`g hn nginzanzm |n bm znmc`{m!hf lfg nc afhncf hn Umxzfgn| I~gl`fgmcn| hn \mc~h hnAmzkfzp Ofzhfg' \n bmg ifza~cmhf cf| h`mog|x`lf|hn nginzanzm; 5555= Hn|n}~`c`jz`f g~xz`l`fgmc; `gon|!

xm |~unz`fz m cm| gnln|`hmhn| p 55=:9 Lfgfl`a`ngxf|hni`l`ngxn|; b`o`ngn uf|x~zmc# p ucmgxnmhf fxzf| uzf!

jcnam| nginzanzf| ng i~gl`g hn cf| lmaj`f| ng cm|hnamghm| hn l~`hmhf| hnc uml`ngxn' \n ifza~cmg xma!

j`g `gxnzyngl`fgn| p fjknx`yf| nginzanzf| mxngh`nghfm cm xmrfgfam G@L P GFL' Lmhm ucmg hn l~`hmhf| hnnginzanzm hnjn |nz `gh`y`h~mc`{mhf ng i~gl`g hn cm|lmzmlxnz|x`lm| p lfgh`l`fgmgxn| hnc xzmjmkmhfz# xng`ng!hf ng l~ngxm }~n cm ifza~cml`g hn ~g h`mog|x`lfnginzanzf u~nhn ccnymzgf| ng hnxnza`gmhf afangxfhnc ucmg hn l~`hmhf| m cm ifza~cml`g hn fxzf| g~nyf|#|`nauzn ng cm anh`hm ng }~n cm| hnamghm| hn l~`hm!hf| hnc uml`ngxn ymzmg'

Umcmjzm| lcmyn; UYH# GMGHM# G@L# GFL

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Lmzlnhf \mgxf| C# Mzzmg{ Mcfg|f \Nginzanzm| N|unl`mc`|xm| ng Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf'

\nzy`l`f hn Uznyngl`g Amglfa~gmhf AMUIZN

Lfzzn|ufghngl`m

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Myng`hm Ongnzmc Unzg 85# ufzxmc H#


44/68

0? Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; 09 ! =5=Lmzlnhf \mgxf| C# Mzzmg{ Mcfg|f \

Uzfln|f hn mxngl`g hn nginzanzm ng nc ~|~mz`f hn umgxmccm hn y`|~mc`{ml`g hn hmxf|; afhncf hn lm|f lcg`lf

8:

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GMGHM!@@# @gxnzyngx`fg| G@L mgh F~xlfan| GFL)'_n uzn|ngx m i`lx`x`f~| lc`g`lmc lm|n fi m hmxm h`|ucmp~g`x wfzdnz' G~z|`go m||n||angx bm| jnng hfgn if!ccfw`go Amzkfzp Ofzhfg I~glx`fgmc Bnmcxb Umxzfg|'Xwf g~z|`go h`mogf|n| bmyn jnng ifza~cmxnh; 5555=@ajmcmglnh g~xz`x`fg; afzn xbmg jfhp zn}~`znangx|mgh 555=:9 Hni`l`ngx dgfwcnhon; uf|x~zmc bpo`ngn'Fxbnz g~z|`go uzfjcna| bmyn jnng uzn|ngxnh mllfz!h`go xf ufxngx`mc lmzn hnamgh| fi xbn naucfpnn' Mc|ff~xlfan| mgh `gxnzyngx`fg| bmyn jnng ifza~cmxnh w`xb

GFL mgh G@L xmrfgfap' Nynzp lmzn ucmg bm| xf jn`gh`y`h~mc`{nh mllfzh`go xf xbn lbmzmlxnz`|x`l| mgh hn!xnza`g`go imlxfz| fi xbn naucfpnn' Ifza~cmx`go m g~z!

|`go h`mogf|n| mgh xbn hnyncfuangx fi xbn lmzn ucmglmg cngh ~| xf h`|lfynz gnw g~z|`go uzfjcna| ì um!x`ngx lmzn hnamgh| dnnu lbmgo`go'

Dnp wfzh|; Hmxm h`|ucmp ~g`x# GMGHM# G@L# GFL

@gxzfh~ll`g

Cm muc`lml`g hnc axfhf l`ngxi`lf ng cm uzlx`lm m|`|!xngl`mc nginzanzm f uzfln|f hn mxngl`g hn nginzanzm

"UMN)# gf| unza`xn uzn|xmz l~`hmhf| hn ~gm ifzam zm!l`fgmc# co`lm# |`|xnax`lm p lfgx`g~mhm' Nc uzfln|f hnnginzanzm n| ~g axfhf |`|xnax`lf p fzomg`{mhf um!zm jz`ghmz l~`hmhf| ni`lmln| p ni`l`ngxn| fz`ngxmhf| mccfozf hn cf| fjknx`yf|' Lfg|xm hn l`glf um|f| |nl~ng!l`mcn| n `gxnzzncml`fgmhf|; ymcfzml`g# h`mog|x`lf ucm!gì`lml`g# nknl~l`g p nymc~ml`g# ng cf| l~mcn| |nznmc`{mg mll`fgn| `gxngl`fgmhm| xngh`ngxn| mc cfozf hncf| zn|~cxmhf| n|unzmhf|' Mhna| n| h`ga`lf p icnr`!

jcn hn xmc afhf }~n iml`c`xm |~ mhmuxml`g m cf| hìn!zngxn| afangxf| hnc l~`hmhf' Z' Mcimzf hni`gn nc uzf!ln|f nginzanzf lfaf ~g axfhf |`|xnamx`{mhf hn

jz`ghmz l~`hmhf| b~amg`|xm|# lngxzmhf ng nc cfozf hnfjknx`yf| "zn|~cxmhf| n|unzmhf|) hn ifzam ni`l`ngxn'

Cm muc`lml`g hnc uzfln|f hn nginzanzm x`ngn znunzl~!|`fgn| ng g~n|xzm uzfin|`g# ng nc uml`ngxn p cm nginz!

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anh`mgxn n|xn uzfln|f |n omzmgx`{m cm lmc`hmh hn cf|l~`hmhf| hn nginzanzm# p cm nginzanzm nrunzàngxm m|~ yn{ ~g m~angxf hn cm |mx`|imll`g# m| lfaf ~g ifz!xmcnlà`ngxf hnc nknzl`l`f uzfin|`fgmc'

Cm muc`lml`g hnc uzfln|f hn mxngl`g hn nginzanzm"UMN) lfa`ng{m lfg cm znmc`{ml`g hn ~gm ymcfzml`gnginzanzm ~|mghf ~g afhncf hn l~`hmhf| p lfgx`gmlfg cm ifza~cml`g hnc h`mog|x`lf nginzanzf# hn fjkn!x`yf| n `gxnzyngl`fgn|' Ng n|xn uzfln|f n| i~ghmangxmc}~n nginzanzm ~x`c`ln ~g cngo~mkn uzfu`f }~n hni`gmg~n|xzf| lfgflà`ngxf| lfaf h`|lùc`gm l`ngxi`lm#

unza`xm cm lfa~g`lml`g hn cf| l~`hmhf| m fxzf| uzfin!

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Nc Z'H =50:&:5=5 ufz nc }~n |n muz~njm nc lfgk~gxfagàf hn hmxf| hn cf| `gifzan| lcg`lf| hnc \`|xnam

Gml`fgmc hn \mc~h# `glc~pn n|xm| xmrfgfam| "GMG!HM# G@L P GFL) lfaf nc cngo~mkn nginzanzf }~nhnjn iò~zmz ng nc `gifzan hn l~`hmhf| hn nginzanzm'

Xzmh`l`fgmcangxn |n gf| ng|nm m cf| uzfin|`fgmcn| hnnginzanzm laf ifza~cmz h`mog|x`lf| nginzanzf| ngnc a~ghf bf|u`xmcmz`f p ng mxngl`g uzàmz`m# xzmjm!

kmghf lfg ufjcml`g }~n hnamghm m|`|xngl`m m cf| |nz!y`l`f| hn |mc~h' Unzf nc aj`xf cmjfzmc hì`nzn ng n|n|ngx`hf u~n| cm ufjcml`g }~n mxnghnaf| n| uznhfa`!gmgxnangxn |mgm p g~n|xzf| l~`hmhf| ymg fz`ngxmhf| mny`xmz }~n nginzang' N|xm lmzmlxnz|x`lm n| ~gm yngxmkm}~n cf| uzfin|`fgmcn| hn nginzanzm hnjnaf| muzfyn!lbmz# u~n| ozml`m| m nccf ufhnaf| ~|mz ~gm hn g~n|xzm|

uz`glùmcn| bnzzma`ngxm|; cm nh~lml`g umzm cm |mc~h'

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Ng nc aj`xf cmjfzmc lmhm yn{ n| a| iznl~ngxn }~n cf| uzfin|`fgmcn| hn nginzanzm mxnghmaf| m naucnmhf|}~n hn|mzzfccmg |~ xzmjmkf ~x`c`{mghf n}~ùf| `gifza!

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45/68

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54/68

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umzm cm lcm|ì`lml`g hn cf| mongxn| j`fco`lf| |nog ncz`n|of hn `ginll`g }~n |~ufgng' Lmhm lz~ln ngxzn ncg`ync hn nruf|`l`g uzfjmjcn p cm| lfg|nl~ngl`m| hn!xnza`gm ~g g`ync hn z`n|of ufxngl`mc' Ng cm |ò~`ngxnxmjcm |n a~n|xzmg cf| g`yncn| hn z`n|of ufxngl`mc fjxn!

g`hf| hn cf| hìnzngxn| lz~ln| uf|`jcn|'

Zninzngl`m| j`jc`fozlm|

Znmc Hnlznxf 998&=00?# |fjzn cm uzfxnll`g hn cf|xzmjmkmhfzn| lfgxzm cf| z`n|of| zncml`fgmhf| "=) lfgcm nruf|`l`g m mongxn| j`fco`lf| h~zmgxn nc xzmjmkf'

Amg~mc uzlx`lf umzm cm nymc~ml`g hnc z`n|of j`fc!o`lf ng mlx`y`hmhn| cmjfzmcn| h`ynz|m|' J@FOMYMC':558' \no~z`hmh p |mc~h ng nc xzmjmkf' G~a' 8>'Lfg|nccnz`m hn hNlfgfa`m# B`|nghm# ` Fl~uml`'Ongnzmc`xmx Ymcngl`mgm'

@g|x`x~xf Gml`fgmc hn \no~z`hmh n Bò`ngn ng nc Xzm! jmkf' O~m xlg`lm umzm cm nymc~ml`g p uznyngl`g

hn cf| z`n|of| zncml`fgmhf| lfg cm nruf|`l`g m mong!xn| j`fco`lf|'


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Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; =52 ! ==: =52Xnghnzf Cfzm KA# Xzxfcm Kàgn{# ALAmgnkf p amgù~cml`g hn l`xf|xx`lf| "@)

>8

cm| mlx`y`hmhn| angl`fgmhm| mgxnz`fzangxn# m| lfafnc nglmzomhf hn cm znlnul`g# xzmg|ufzxn p mcamlngm!

a`ngxf hn n|xn xùf hn anh`lmangxf|'

:' Anlmg`|af| hn mll`g

Ym| hn ungnxzml`g hn n|xm| |~|xmgl`m| |fg;

!@gbmcml`g hn cf| mnzf|fcn| p a`lzf ofxm| }~n |n hn|! uznghng h~zmgxn cm uznumzml`g hn cm| |fc~l`fgn| hnl`xf|xmx`lf| p h~zmgxn |~ mha`g`|xzml`g# ufz zfx~zm hnmaufccm|# mc u~zomz nc |`|xnam# nxl'

!Ufz lfgxmlxf h`znlxf# ufz ungnxzml`g hnc anh`lmang!xf m xzmy| hn cm u`nc f hn cm| a~lf|m|'

!Ufz ym fzmc; `gon|x`g hn mcàngxf|# jnj`hm|# lòmzz`!ccf| lfgxma`gmhf|' N| cm ym angf| iznl~ngxn'

!Ufz ym umzngxnzmc; `gxzfh~ll`g h`znlxm hnc anh`lm!angxf m xzmy| hn u`glbm{f| f lfzxn| uzfh~l`hf| ufzzfx~zm hn maufccm|'


57/68

Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; =52 ! ==: ==5Xnghnzf Cfzm KA# Xzxfcm Kàgn{# ALAmgnkf p amgù~cml`g hn l`xf|xx`lf| "@)

>>

!Nc |~ncf hnc znl`gxf hfghn |n ngl~ngxzm ~j`lmhm cmlmj`gm gf |n jmzznzm p |n càu`mzm lfg ~gm iznofgm hn

~|f nrlc~|`yf p cnkm'

Cm uznumzml`g hn an{lcm| hn mongxn| l`xf|xx`lf| hn!jn znmc`{mz|n ng lmj`gm hn |no~z`hmh j`fco`lm'

Nr`|xng hn ymz`f| xùf|# cm| hn ic~kf cma`gmz bfz`{fgxmc}~n ngymg nc m`zn bml`m nc c~omz hn xzmjmkf p cm| hn

ic~kf cma`gmz ynzx`lmc }~n àu~c|mg nc m`zn hn|hn cm umzxn |~unz`fz m cm |~unzi`l`n hn xzmjmkf p cf m|u`zmgufz znk`ccm| ~ fzì`l`f|'

Bmp ymz`f| xùf| hn lmj`gm| hn |no~z`hmh j`fco`lm hnic~kf cma`gmz ynzx`lmc unzf cm| am| ~x`c`{mhm| p znlf!anghmhm| |fg cm| hn lcm|n @@ J }~n uzfufzl`fgmg uzf!xnll`g maj`ngxmc# mc amgù~cmhfz p mc uzfh~lxf'

Nc unz|fgmc zn|ufg|mjcn hn cm uznumzml`g hn an{lcm|hn l`xf|xx`lf| hnjnz |nz l~mcì`lmhf# lfg lfgflà`ng!xf hn cf| z`n|of| }~n lfzzn |` amgnkm hn ifzam `glf!zznlxm n|xf| anh`lmangxf|# m| lfaf hn cm| lfgh`l`f!

gn| }~n |n nròng umzm lmhm ifzam imzaml~x`lm'

Ng ongnzmc nc amxnz`mc hn uzfxnll`g unz|fgmc ~x`c`{mhfn|;

O~mgxn|# }~n |n hnjng ~x`c`{mz xzm| nc cmymhf a`g~l`f!|f lfg mo~m p kmjg'

\n hnjng ~x`c`{mz o~mgxn| n|xz`cn| hn g`xz`cf |`g xmclfpm }~n n|xn u~nhn mxzmnz mco~gm| umzxl~cm| hn l`xf|x!x`lf|' Umzm cm ncà`gml`g hn zn|`h~f| p nrlznxm| hnanh`lmangxf| l`xf|xx`lf| gf n| gnln|mz`f o~mgxn|

n|xz`cn|'

Hnjng lmaj`mz|n muzfràmhmangxn lmhm anh`m bfzml~mghf |n xzmjmkm hn ifzam lfgx`g~m n `ganh`mxmang!xn# l~mghf |n lfgxma`gng lfg mcog l`xf|xx`lf# l~mg!hf |n zfaumg f mc i`gmc`{mz cm |n|`g hn xzmjmkf'

Bmp }~n naucnmz hfjcn o~mgxn umzm cm càu`n{m hn |~!unzi`l`n|# amxnz`mcn| p ngym|n| }~n lfgxngomg zn|`h~f|


58/68

=== Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; =52 ! ==:Xnghnzf Cfzm KA# Xzxfcm Kàgn{# AL

Amgnkf p amgù~cml`g hn l`xf|xx`lf| "@)

>9

hn l`xf|xx`lf|# p n|unl`mcangxn# l~mghf bmp z`n|of hnnruf|`l`g ufz hnzzman|'

\n ~x`c`{mzmg o~mgxn| ng;

!Cm uznumzml`g hn an{lcm| `gxzmyngf|m| hn anh`lm!angxf| l`xf|xx`lf|'

!Cm amgù~cml`g hn nrlznxm| hn nginzaf| }~n znl`jmgn|xn xzmxma`ngxf'

!Cm amgù~cml`g hn cf| lfgxngnhfzn| hn zn|`h~f|'

!Cm uznumzml`g p znngym|mhf f hn hf|`| fzmcn| hn an!h`lmangxf| l`xf|xx`lf|'

!Xzmxma`ngxf hn hnzzman|'

Jmxm# }~n hnjn |nz n|xz`c umzm nc unz|fgmc }~n amg`! u~cm l`xf|xx`lf|# uzninzngxnangxn hn ~g |fcf ~|f# hnjmkm unzanmj`c`hmh# lfg cm umzxn hncmgxnzm znifz{mhm plnzzmhm# lfg mjnzx~zm ng cm umzxn hn hnxz|# amgom|cmzom| p u~f| nc|x`lf| mk~|xmhf|'

\` nr`|xn nruf|`l`g |n lmaj`mzm `ganh`mxmangxn'

Nc unz|fgmc gf u~nhn |mc`z hnc znm hn xzmjmkf lfg cmjmxm u~n|xm'

Am|lmz`ccm|' Cm| am|lmz`ccm| }~`zzo`lm| gf fiznlnguzfxnll`g zn|u`zmxfz`m izngxn m cf| mnzf|fcn| l`xf|xx`!lf|# ufz cf l~mc# m~g}~n |` |n xzmjmkm ng lmj`gm hn |n!o~z`hmh j`fco`lm gf zn|~cxm àuzn|l`gh`jcn ~x`c`{mz cm

am|lmz`ccm hn uzfxnll`g zn|u`zmxfz`m# nc unz|fgmc cm~x`c`{m ng cm uznumzml`g hn an{lcm|'

N| fjcòmxfz`m cm am|lmz`ccm hn uzfxnll`g zn|u`zmxfz`m|` |n xzmjmkm i~nzm hn cm| lmj`gm| hn |no~z`hmh j`fco`!lm# f lfg ufcyf|# |~|xmgl`m| yfcx`cn| f lmu|~cm|

Cm| ~|mhm| am| iznl~ngxnangxn |fg cm| IIU < }~n uzf!xnong izngxn m mnzf|fcn| p fxzm| |~|xmgl`m| lmglnzòn!gm|'

Omim| gf n| gnln|mz`f ~x`c`{mz omim| hn |no~z`hmhl~mghf |n xzmjmkm ng lmj`gm hn ic~kf cma`gmz ynzx`lmc'


59/68

Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; =52 ! ==: ==:Xnghnzf Cfzm KA# Xzxfcm Kàgn{# ALAmgnkf p amgù~cml`g hn l`xf|xx`lf| "@)

>?

Ofzzf |n ~x`c`{mzm nc ofzzf hn|nlbmjcn p n|xn hnjn lf!cflmz|n mgxn| }~n cm jmxm# unzf gf ufz uzfxnll`g hn cf|

xzmjmkmhfzn| |`gf umzm uzfxnonz nc uznumzmhf# }~n hnjn|nz n|xz`c'

Zninzngl`m| j`jc`fozlm|

Znmc Hnlznxf 99>&=00? hn =: hn ampf |fjzn uzfxnl!l`g hn cf| xzmjmkmhfzn| lfgxzm cf| z`n|of| zncml`fgm!

hf| lfg cm nruf|`l`g m mongxn| lmglnzòngf| h~zmgxnnc xzmjmkf'

Znmc Hnlznxf ==:8&:555 hn =9 hn k~g`f }~n afhì`lmmc mgxnz`fz'

Znmc Hnlznxf


60/68

==2

B~amg`|af p Nginzanzm

Cm nyfc~l`g j`fco`lm;Hmzw`g# Anghnc p nc

zncfknzf l`nof

Bnzlc`xf hn in|f ">!828 m'L')xngm zm{g l~mghf ung| }~n xfhflmaj`m# gmhm |n n|x }~`nxf# cf n|x!x`lf gf nr`|xn' Nc ^g`ynz|f n| ~gmnrucf|`g# cf| lfgx`gngxn| |n xzm|!cmhmg# nc ymlf ic~lxm'

C~lznl`f "00!>> m'L') xmaj`g |nbmccmjm ng cf l`nzxf l~mghf mi`zam!

jm }~n cm y`hm fjnhnln m cnpn| gm!x~zmcn| p n|lmum hnc mjzm{f hn cmlznml`g hn cf| h`f|n| p hn cm ongn!

zml`g n|ufgxgnm# |`nghf gnln|mz`f umzm nccf# unzinll`fgmz|n lfg|xmg!xnangxn'

K~gxf m n|xm| mlnzxmhm| y`|`fgn|lc|`lm| cn mlfaummzm nc ung|m!a`ngxf zngmlngx`|xm# lfg|fc`hmhfa| xmzhn ufz cm `c~|xzml`g# p mlfgx`g~ml`g ufz nc mufzxn hn cf|l`ngxi`lf| afhnzgf|' Ng hni`g`x`ym#cm| xzmpnlxfz`m| `gxncnlx~mcn| gfxzmjmkmg ng ymlf# |`gf |n g~xzng hn

cm `gxnzuznxml`g p zn`gxnzuznxml`glfgx`g~m hnc xzmjmkf hn fxzf|'

Bmjcmz hn nyfc~l`g j`fco`lm n|zninz`z|n m cm zncml`g ongnmco`lm

}~n nr`|xn ngxzn cf| fzomg`|af|#n àuc`lm mlnuxmz }~n xfhf| cf||nzn| y`yf| hn|l`nghng hn mgxn!

um|mhf| lfa~gn| }~n |n bmghìnzngl`mhf a| p a| hn |~|hn|lngh`ngxn| m anh`hm }~n |nh`|xmgl`mg ng nc x`nauf ~gf| pfxzf|'

Cm nyfc~l`g j`fco`lm n| ~gbnlbf' Pm gf bmp xz`cfj`xn| xmgmj~ghmgxn| ng nc Umcnf{f`lf' P

ng nc Umcnf{f`lf gf bmjm bfz!aòm| xmg mj~ghmgxn| lfafmbfzm' N| ny`hngxn }~n cm| n|!

unl`n| nyfc~l`fgmg# }~n hmgc~omz ~gm| m fxzm| p }~n lfgiznl~ngl`m |n nrx`go~ng'

Cm nyfc~l`g j`fco`lm znuzn!|ngxm ~gm ozmg l`ngl`m' \~ufgncm lfgic~ngl`m hnc lfgflà`ng!xf uzn|xmhf ufz a~lb|àm|zmam| hn cm l`ngl`m# hn|hn cm

j`f}~a`lm bm|xm cm b`|xfz`m# hncm i|`lm m cm mgxzfufcfom# hn cmongx`lm m cm umcnfgxfcfom# hncm nlfcfom m cm jfxg`lm# hn cmxmifgfam m cm umc`gfcfom# nxl'

M~xfz

Zfanzf \mchmm ANginzanzf N|unl`mc`|xm ng Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf'

Mp~gxma`ngxf hn Lzhfjm

Lbmzcn| Hmzw`g =250!=22:


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Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; ==< ! ==9 ==8Zfanzf \mchmm ACm nyfc~l`g j`fco`lm; Hmzw`g# Anghnc p nc zncfknzf l`nof

>0

Bmjcmz hn cm nyfc~l`g j`fco`lm n| zninz`z|n `gnc~h`! jcnangxn m cm iò~zm hn Lbmzcn| Hmzw`g' \`zym n|xm

b~a`chn |nll`g xmaj`g umzm zngh`z# ~gm yn{ a| pl~mgxm| |nmg gnln|mz`m|# ~g |ngl`ccf bfangmkn m cm i`!o~zm hn ~g l`ngxi`lf hn mcx|àm xmccm# }~n i~n lmum{hn lnzzmz cm znyfc~l`g lfunzg`lmgm `g`l`mhm xzn| |òcf|mgxn| ufz G`lfc| Lfuzg`lf p lfgx`g~mhm lfg cf| hn|!l~jzà`ngxf| hn Omc`cnf# Gnwxfg# nxl'

Cm znyfc~l`g lfunzg`lmgm lfg|`|xn ng cm |~|x`x~l`ghn ~gm lfglnul`g mgà`|xm hnc ~g`ynz|f ufz ~gm lfg!lnul`g lm~|mc# anh`mgxn nc znnaucm{f hn cm| nruc`lm!l`fgn| xnfco`lm| hn cf| ingangf| gmx~zmcn| ufz cm|nruc`lml`fgn| l`ngxi`lm|' Cm X`nzzm hnkm hn |nz nc lng!xzf hnc ^g`ynz|f# cm| amznm| gf |fg uzfyflmhm| ufz

g`go~gm lm~|m h`y`gm# cf| nlcù|n| gf mxn|xò~mg g`g!og ymx`l`g`f f uzfinlm# p nc afyà`ngxf hn cf| l~nz!

uf| zn|ufghn g`lmangxn m cnpn| anlg`lm|'

\`g najmzof# cm znyfc~l`g lfunzg`lmgm gf bmjm |mj`!hf nruc`lmz nc fzòng hn cf| |nzn| y`yf|# |~| xzmg|ifz!aml`fgn| p nrx`gl`fgn|' Bm|xm n|n afangxf# g`gogl`ngxi`lf bmjm znumzmhf ufz }~ ~g a~zl`cmof nzmlmum{ hn yfcmz p mcàngxmz|n ng cm f|l~z`hmh# ufz }~cm amgf b~amgm uf|nm ~g h`|nf xmg unzinlxf umzmm|`z# f ~gm c~l`zgmom |n `c~a`gmjm umzm mxzmnz mc am!lbf# nxl'

Nc umzmcncf hn n|n lmaj`f# ufz cf }~n |n zni`nzn m cf||nzn| y`yf|# |n hnjn m Hmzw`g# p m umzx`z hn c# cm ozmgampfzm hn cf| ingangf| hnc a~ghf xnghzmg ~gmnruc`lml`g l`ngxi`lm jm|mhm ng cm| cnpn| gmx~zmcn|'

Hmzw`g hnaf|xz }~n cf| fzomg`|af| nyfc~l`fgmg# p}~n xfhf| cf| |nzn| y`yf| hn|l`nghng hn mgxnum|mhf|lfa~gn|' Unzf }~`{# cf a| gfynhf|f }~n mufzxmHmzw`g |nm ~gm nruc`lml`g lm~|mc hn n|xm nyfc~l`g mxzmy| hn cm xnfzm hn cm |ncnll`g gmx~zmc'

*Hmhf }~n |n uzfh~lng a| `gh`y`h~f| hn cf| }~n u~nhng |fjzny`y`z# x`ngn }~n bmjnz ng lmhm lm|f ~gmc~lbm ufz cm nr`|xngl`m# pm |nm hn ~g `gh`y`h~f lfgfxzf hn |~ a`|am n|unl`n f lfg `gh`y`h~f| hn hìnzng!xn| n|unl`n|# pm |nm lfg cm| lfgh`l`fgn| i|`lm| hn cmy`hm "''')' Y`nghf }~n `gh~hmjcnangxn |n bm uzn|ngxmhfymz`ml`fgn| x`cn| mc bfajzn# u~nhn mlm|f h~hmz|n hn}~n hn cm a`|am amgnzm mumzn{lmg fxzm| }~n |nmg x`!cn| m cf| fzomg`|af| y`yf|# ng |~ ozmghn p lfaucnkm

jmxmccm ufz cm y`hm# ng nc xzmg|l~z|f hn cm| ongnzml`f!gn|6 \` n|xf fl~zzn# ufhnaf| h~hmz# znlfzhmghf }~ngmlng a~lbf| a| `gh`y`h~f| hn cf| }~n mlm|f u~nhng|fjzny`y`z# }~n cf| `gh`y`h~f| }~n x`ngng a| yngxmkm#

ufz cònzm }~n |nm# |fjzn fxzf| xnghzg a| uzfjmj`c`!hmhn| hn |fjzny`y`z p znuzfh~l`z |~ n|unl`n6 P mc lfg!xzmz`f# ufhnaf| n|xmz |no~zf| hn }~n xfhm cm ymz`ml`g

unzk~h`l`mc# ufz uflf }~n cf |nm# |nz zò~zf|mangxn

ncà`gmhm' N|xm lfg|nzyml`g hn cm| hìnzngl`m| p ym!z`ml`fgn| imyfzmjcn| hn cf| `gh`y`h~f| p cm hn|xz~ll`g

hn cm| }~n |fg unzk~h`l`mcn| n| cf }~n pf bn ccmamhf|ncnll`g gmx~zmc'* "Fzò`g fi \unl`n|# =2>0# lmu' @Y)

N| hn k~|x`l`m znlfgflnz }~n Mciznh Z~||nc _mccmln"=2:

\`g najmzof# cm xnfzm hn Hmzw`g |fjzn nc fzòng hn

cm| n|unl`n| uf|nm ~g xmcg hn M}~`cn|# ~g u~gxf hnhnj`c`hmh }~n zmh`lmjm ng |~ lfglnul`g bnznh`xmz`m'Umzm nc l`ngxi`lf jz`xg`lf# cm bnzngl`m gf nzm a| }~n~gm an{lcm hn cf| lmzmlxnzn| hn cf| uzfong`xfzn| }~n|n amgìn|xmjm ng cm hn|lnghngl`m# lfaf ~gm u`gx~zmzfkm }~n |n an{lcm lfg ~gm mamz`ccm umzm hmz ~gm xfgm!c`hmh gmzmgkm'

Ng =299# |`nxn mf| a| xmzhn hn cm u~jc`lml`g hncFzòng hn cm| N|unl`n|# nc afgkn mo~|x`gf OznofzAnghnc u~jc`lm Uzflnnh`go|# ng hfghn znlfon |~ xnf!

zm hn cm bnzngl`m "cnpn| hn Anghnc)# yòngxn bm|xmg~n|xzf| hm|' \`g najmzof# n|xf| bmccm{of| gf |nzmghnc hfa`g`f hn cm l`ngl`m bm|xm =055# l~mghf nc bfcmg!h| B~of hn Yz`n| p nc mcnag Lmzc Lfzzng| znhn|l~!

jzng `ghnungh`ngxnangxn cm a`|am xnfzm'

Oznofz Kfbmg Anghnc "=2::!=228)


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==> Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; ==< ! ==9Zfanzf \mchmm A

Cm nyfc~l`g j`fco`lm; Hmzw`g# Anghnc p nc zncfknzf l`nof

95

Anghnc# m umzx`z hn |~|l~cx`yf| hn o~`|mgxn|#

xùì`lm cm| lmzmlxnz|x`!lm| ingfxu`lm| "mum!z`ngl`m nrxnzgm) hn cf|a`|af| m cm| }~n ccmalmzmlxnzn|' ^| ncgfajzn ncnangxf

umzm zninz`z|n m cm| ngx`!hmhn| bnznh`xmz`m| |num!zmhm|' \~ az`xf zmh`lmng hmz|n l~ngxm hn }~nng |~| nrunzàngxf|"ymz`nhmhn| hn o~`|mg!xn|) |`nauzn fl~zzmg

ng ymz`mgxn| lfg uzf! ufzl`fgn| g~az`lm||àucn|' Cf| ncnang!xf| p lmzmlxnzn| bmgznl`j`hf uf|xnz`fzangxn`gi`g`hmh hn gfajzn|#

unzf bfp |n lfgflng hnifzam ~g`ynz|mc lfg nc

xza`gf ongn|# }~n |~o`z` ng =050 nc j`cfof hmg|

_`cbna C~hwò Kfbmgg|ng'Umzm |nz a| nrmlxf|# cm| ynz|`fgn| hìnzngxn| hn ongn|zn|ufg|mjcn| hn ~g ingfxùf umzx`l~cmz |n ccmamg mcn!cf|' Cf| o~`|mgxn| ynzhn| p mamz`ccf| lfzzn|ufghng mh`|x`gxf| mcncf| hnc ong zn|ufg|mjcn hnc lfcfz'

Ufz xmgxf# Anghnc hm l~ngxm hn cm bnzngl`m j`fco`lm mxzmy| hn umzn| hn imlxfzn| "ongn|)# bnznhmhf| ~gf hnlmhm uzfong`xfz# }~n gf |n an{lcmg# |`gf }~n |n |num!zmg ~gf hnc fxzf h~zmgxn cm ifzaml`g hn cm| lc~cm||nr~mcn| f omanxf|'

I`gmcangxn# lfg nc hn|l~jzà`ngxf hn cm n|xz~lx~zm hncMHG ng =0>< ufz Kman| _mx|fg p Izmgl`| Lz`ld# |nl`nzzm lfaucnxmangxn cm mlnuxml`g ~g`ynz|mc hn cmxnfzm hmzw`g`mgm hn cm |ncnll`g gmx~zmc p |~ umunc ngnc fzòng p nyfc~l`g hn cm| n|unl`n|'

Hn|hn nc u~gxf hn y`|xm }~a`lf# nc l`hf hn|fr`z`jf!g~lc`lf "MHG) n| ~g ufcanzf hn g~lcnx`hf|# n| hn!l`z# ~g ufc`g~lcnx`hf' Lmhm g~lcnx`hf n|x ifzamhf

ufz ~g m{lmz "cm hn|fr`zz`jf|m)# ~gm jm|n g`xzfongmhm"}~n u~nhn |nz mhng`gm# xà`gm# l`xf|`gm f o~mg`gm) p~g oz~uf if|imxf }~n unza`xn cm ~g`g cfgo`x~h`gmc

ngxzn lmhm g~lcnx`hf' Cm h`|uf|`l`g |nl~ngl`mc hnn|xm| l~mxzf jm|n| m cf cmzof hn cm lmhngm n| cm }~n lf!hì`lm cm `gifzaml`g ongx`lm

Nc MHG n| jì`cmz# f |nm# lfg|`|xn ng ~gm hfjcn bc`lnlfau~n|xm hn hf| lmhngm| hn g~lcnx`hf| lfaucnang!

xmz`m| p ~g`hm| ngxzn | ufz ngcmln| hn u~ngxn| hn b`!hzongf'

^g ong gf n| a| }~n ~gm ufzl`g hn n|xn MHG# f cf}~n n| cf a`|af# ~g |nl~ngl`m hn g~lcnx`hf|' Nc |nzb~amgf# ufz nknaucf# uf|nn ngxzn


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Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; ==< ! ==9 ==9Zfanzf \mchmm ACm nyfc~l`g j`fco`lm; Hmzw`g# Anghnc p nc zncfknzf l`nof

9=

ninlxf| hn|fzomg`{mhfzn| }~n cm a~xml`g p fxzf| in!gangf| bmg uzfyflmhf# m|no~zmghf }~n cf| lmaj`f|}~n unz|`|xng |fg uznl`|mangxn m}~nccf| }~n imyfznlngm |~| ufzxmhfzn|'

Cm |ncnll`g gmx~zmc ufz xmgxf# ngocfjmzm m}~nc lfg!k~gxf hn ingangf| gmx~zmcn| }~n imyfznlng cm znuzf!h~ll`g hn hnxnza`gmhf| ongn| }~n mufzxmg mco~gmyngxmkm ufz agàm }~n |nm m cm n|unl`n# ng hnxzàngxfm}~nccf| fxzf| ongn| }~n lfgxz`j~png lfg mco~gm hn|!yngxmkm ufz giàm }~n |xm |nm'

P ufz cxàf# hnjnaf| mlcmzmz }~n cm |ncnll`g gmx~zmcgf x`ngn ~g `x`gnzmz`f uznhnxnza`gmhf# f |nm# gf j~|lm~g fjknx`yf uzni`kmhf# gf n| xncnfco`lm' \cf bmlnmymg{mz ~g |`|xnam# |n mjzn um|f ngxzn ~g |`gig hn

uf|`j`c`hmhn| fuxmghf ufz ~gm hn nccm|# cm a| yngxmkf!|m# unzf |`g j~|lmz ~g h`|nf uznn|xmjcnl`hf' N| cf }~nZ`lbmzh Hmwd`g| hni`g` lfaf Nc Zncfknzf L`nof'

Umzm Hmwd`g| cm |ncnll`g gmx~zmc# nc uzfln|f m~xfa!x`lf# l`nof n `glfg|l`ngxn }~n hn|l~jz` Hmzw`g# p }~nmbfzm |mjnaf| }~n n| cm nruc`lml`g hn cm nr`|xngl`m pifzam hn xfhf xùf hn y`hm lfg ~g uzfu|`xf mumzngxn#

gf x`ngn g`go~gm i`gmc`hmh ng angxn' Gf x`ngn angxn g`àmo`gml`g' Gf ucmgì`lm nc i~x~zf' Gf x`ngn g`go~gm

y`|`g# g` uzny`|`g# g` y`|xm' \` u~nhn hnl`z|n }~nl~aucn ~gm i~gl`g hn zncfknzf ng cm gmx~zmcn{m# |xmn| cm hn zncfknzf l`nof'

Nc zncfknzf# }~n n| cm |ncnll`g gmx~zmc l~a~cmx`ym#n| l`nof l~mghf a`zm bml`m nc i~x~zf p gf x`ngn g`gogfjknx`yf m cmzof ucm{f' Mco~gm| unz|fgm| lfg|`hnzmgn|xm l~n|x`g lfaf ~g hninlxf i~ghmangxmc ng nc lfg!

k~gxf hn cm xnfzm hnc zncfknzf l`nof' Cf yng lfaf cmuz~njm hni`g`x`ym hn }~n hnj` bmjnz fzò`gmcangxn ~gh`|nmhfz# gf ~g zncfknzf l`nof |`gf ~g zncfknzf |fjzn!gmx~zmc# lfg ~gm y`|`g hn i~x~zf' Cm `hnm j|`lm hnczncfknzf l`nof n| }~n gf gnln|`xmaf| uf|x~cmz cm nr`|!

xngl`m hn ~g h`|nmhfz umzm lfauznghnz cm y`hm# fl~mc}~`nz fxzm lf|m ng nc ~g`ynz|f'

Hmwd`g| ng =029# lfaf gf|fxzf| mbfzm# }~`|f mbfghmzng cm |numzml`g ngxzn lznml`fg`|af p nyfc~l`fg`|af#ngxzn zncò`g p l`ngl`m# ngxzn lznngl`m| p cnpn| gmx~zm!cn|# |`nghf |xn fxzf xz`j~xf }~n znghàf| m cm iò~zm hnHmzw`g'

Gf bmp ynzhmhn| mj|fc~xm|4 xfhm| cm| ynzhmhn||fg anh`m| ynzhmhn|' Nc amc |~zon hn }~nznzcm|xzmxmz lfaf ynzhmhn| mj|fc~xm|' Mciznh Gfzxb

_b`xnbnmh# H`mcfo~n| "=0>


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==? Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; ==?\glbn{ Omzlm A

Cm g~nym b`|xfz`m lcg`lm hnc \`|xnam Gml`fgmc hn \mc~h

9:

Cno`|cml`g p |mc~h cmjfzmc

Cm g~nym b`|xfz`m lcg`lm hnc \`|xnamGml`fgmc hn \mc~h

Gf bmp gmhm xmg h`il`c }~n# j~|lghfcf# gf u~nhmnglfgxzmz|n

U~jc`f Xnzngl`f Mizf "Lmzxmof =0> m'L'! Zfam 6 =>0 m' L')

Lfg cm u~jc`lml`g hnc Z' H' =50


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Nginzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf :5==4 =; ==2 ==2Laf lfcmjfzmz p umzx`lùmz ng cm zny`|xm

9 nh')# znlfo`!hm| ng ^gìfza Zn}~nzàngx| ifz amg~|lzùx| |~ja`!xxnh xf j`fanh`lmc kf~zgmc| G Ngoc K Anh =00?4 ; =9=!=2='

\n mha`x`z ~g aràf hn |n`| xmjcm| p&f iò~zm|'Cm| iò~zm| hnjnzg }~nhmz nru~n|xm| ng ifzam lcmzm phnjnzg unza`x`z ~gm `gxnzuznxml`g lfzznlxm' Xfhm|`zg g~anzmhm| p hnjnzg `z zn|nmhm| ng nc xnrxf |n!

og |~ fzhng hn mumz`l`g' Xfhm| cm| iò~zm| |n uzn|ng!xmzg |numzmhm| hnc xnrxf ng ifzamxf hn àmong "kuo#oì# nxl') p hngxzf hn ~gm lmzunxm mumzxn' \` |fg ifxf!ozmim| |n |ncnll`fgmzg l~`hmhf|mangxn uzfl~zmghf}~n |nmg hn j~ngm lmc`hmh'

Cm| xmjcm| |n uzn|ngxmzg ufz |numzmhf# lmhm ~gm lfaf~g hn mzlb`yf hn àmong "kuo# oì# nxl')' Lmhm xmjcmzn}~nz`z hn; g~anzml`g hn cm xmjcm lfg ganzf| zf!amgf| p xx~cf lfzzn|ufgh`ngxn' \n uzfl~zmz }~n |nmglcmzm| p |`g znlxì`lml`fgn|' Cm| |òcm| p mjzny`mx~zm||n mlfaummzg |`nauzn hn ~gm gfxm nruc`lmx`ym mc

u`n'

L~mghf |n bmpm ninlx~mhf ~g n|x~h`f n|xmh|x`lf |n`gh`lmz mc u`n hn cm xmjcm cm xlg`lm naucnmhm p nc g`!ync hn |ògì`lml`g |` gf |n b~j`nzm `glc~`hf ng nc xnr!xf hn cm xmjcm'

Cf| fzò`gmcn| u~jc`lmhf| um|mzg m |nz uzfu`nhmh hncm zny`|xm gf hnyfcy`ghf|n cf| |fufzxn| i|`lf| }~ni~nzmg ngy`mhf|'

Cf| mzxl~cf| gf mlnuxmhf| |n hnyfcynzg m cm h`znl!l`g hnc uzànz i`zamgxn'

Nc Lfg|nkf hn Znhmll`g hn cm zny`|xm gf |n bmln zn|!ufg|mjcn hn cf| u~gxf| hn y`|xm p mi`zaml`fgn| |f|xn!g`hm| ufz cf| m~xfzn| ng |~| lfa~g`lml`fgn|'

Ufz lmhm xzmjmkf u~jc`lmhf cm Zny`|xm N|umfcm hn Ng!inzanzm hnc Xzmjmkf ngxznomz ozmx~`xmangxn mc uzànzm~xfz i`zamgxn xmgxf| nknaucmzn| lfaf m~xfzn| mumzn{!lmg ng nc mzxl~cf'

\n uzfb`j`z cm znuzfh~ll`g xfxmc f umzl`mc hn cf| mzx!l~cf| u~jc`lmhf|# m~g l`xmghf |~ uzflnhngl`m# |mcyf

m~xfz`{ml`g nruzn|m# cm l~mc |n |fc`l`xmz ufz n|lz`xf'


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Documents

Enfermería del Trabajo, volumen 1, número 2, 2011