EXPORTANDO PARAÍSOS La colonización turística del planeta JOAN BUADES

8/15/2019 EXPORTANDO PARAÍSOS La colonización turística del planeta JOAN BUADES

1/153


2/153

!"#$%&'()$ #'%'+,$,-' .$/$(01'.02( &3%+,&0.' )4/ #/'(4&'

5$'( 63')4,


3/153


4/153

!"#$%&'()$ #'%'+,$,7-' .$/$(01'.02( &3%+,&0.' )4/ #/'(4&'5$'( 63')4,

8/9' :3) !)0&$%0'/

;$/4..02( %2/$?$ )4 @A'( B3%%'C

!( /' 4)0.02( $%0?0('/ )4 4,&4 /09%$ #39/0.')$ 4/ 'D$ EFFG H-' -3.4%('I >'/='J'#'%4.+'( 4( '/?3(', ($&', ' #04 )4 #K?0(' 3(' ,4%04 )4 %4L4%4(.0', )4 )0%4..0$(4, )4 #K?0(', M49 N34 .$( 4/ #',$ )4/ &04=#$ O'( N34)')$ )4,'.&0A')',7 !( /' #%4,4(&44)0.02( O4=$, ')$#&')$ 4/ .%0&4%0$ )4 .$(,4%A'% /', )0%4..0$(4, M49 $%0?0('/4, ,0(0(./30%/', .$=$ O0#4%&4"&$ .$=$ 4/ %4,&$ )4 %4L4%4(.0', N34 ,+ L3(.0$('(7

!"# %"&%'(5$'( 63')4, 64/&%'(

!"# )*+#','(@A'( B3%%'C

!" "-%. "/010+2(8/9' :3) !)0&$%0'/

;$(&'.&$P 0(L$Q'/9',3)7$%?RRR7'/9',3)7$%?

6$0"')4% S$4('?'

>%0=4%' 4)0.02( 4( 8/9' :3) !)0&$%0'/P6'%.4/$('I ='C$ )4 EFTU

@:6VP WXYZYUZGTGZYU[TZW\4#2,0&$ /4?'/P 67 TG[FZEFTU

3/010+2 '*0,02.#(-' -3.4%('I >'/='I EFFG

4''*/02.10+2 3/0%'*0.#(!%(4,& ;'D')' C B'%0$(' ]%&01


5/153

5$'( 63')4, HB'//$%.'I TWG^J 4, #%$L4,$% )4 :4.3()'%0' 4 0(A4,&0?')$% 4( &3%0,=$I '=904(&4 C?/$9'/01'.02( )4,)4 3(' #4%,#4.&0A' .%+&0.'7 B04=9%$ )4/ 4N30#$ )4 0(A4,&0?'.02( )4 8/9' :3)7 !(&%4TWWW C EFF^ L34 )0#3&')$ A4%)4 4( 4/ >'%/'=4(&$ 6'/4'% C .$(,4_4%$ )4 B4)0$ 8=904(&4 )4/ ;$(,4// )4

&3%0,=$ 4( /', @,/', 6'/4'%4,7

!(&%4 ,3, /09%$, #39/0.')$, )4,&'.'(P ]( 9%0//' 4/ ,$/7


6/153

ÍNDICE

>%2/$?$ Y

>%4L'.0$ TY

;'#+&3/$ T!" $%&'()*+ ,&')-&. '/0%($&'. 0-" )%/0* ET h( ?0?'(&4 4.$(2=0.$ 0(A0,09/4 EU h( #%$?%4,$ 4"#$(4(.0'/I 3(' ?4$?%'L+' )4,0?3'/ EX

;'#+&3/$ E1."-.&-(2 "%3-( 4 (*)5&.( 0- %/ ,.&.6(* ^T

;34(&', N34 ($ ,'/4( ^[

;'#+&3/$ ^7.( &.63-(2 1."-.&-(+ 8"*5."'9.3':/ ./$-( 0- ". ;"*5."'9.3':/ UE B'//$%.'I ('.4 3(' 4,&%4//' U^ [FP $#4%'.02( &3%0,=$ U[ GFZXFP 4/ 9$$= UX

YFZWFP .K(.4% 0(=$90/0'%0$ 4 0(&4%('.0$('/01'.02( [T

;'#+&3/$ U


7/153

;'#+&3/$ G=*&$*>*"'*2 ? ;';./$-( 5."-.&-( -/ .33': ( YU :$/ B4/0i YU 6'%.4/2 WF `03 WU c04,&' WY @94%$,&'% TFT

;'#+&3/$ X=*/-&(- . $'&*2 ? -@-),"*( 0-(0- -" (%& TFX >%0=4%$P /0=#0'% /' .',' 4( !,#'D' TFY `4#a9/0.' \$=0(0.'('I 3( #%$&4.&$%')$ 0('?$&'9/4 TTT b4&4 ' Bd"0.$I ='(0&$ TT[ TEE B'%%34.$,I /' C0O') &3%+,&0.' TEX 6%',0/P A'0k A'0k T^E

;'#+&3/$ Y 7-33'*/-( 5."-.&-( TUT

609/0$?%'L+' TUW


8/153

8EXPORTANDO PARAÍSOS índice

PRÓLOGO

Gritos en el desierto (pero ya notanto). Joan Buades y el combateintelectual por introducir la industriaturística en la agenda anticapitalista.Ivan Murray

- .$=#/4_'I C' N34 ($, 4(.$(&%'=$, '(&4 3(' #4%,$(' 4"&%'$%)0('%0'=4(&4 0(Z Z

/'(' O'C' ('A4?')$ #$% '?3', &'( )0L4%4(&4, ' /' ,3C'7 V$ $9,&'(&4I '/ ')4(&%'%($,3( #$.$ 4( ,3 90$?%'L+' ($, 4(.$(&%'=$, .$( 3( '.&0A0,&' N34I )4,)4 ,3, &04=#$,)4 4,&3)0'(&4I O' 4,&')$ A0(.3/')$ ' =a/&0#/4, =$A0=04(&$, ,$.0'/4,I L3()'=4(&'/Z=4(&4 )4 .$%&4 '(&0=0/0&'%0,&' C 4.$/$?0,&'7 !,4 '.&0A0,=$ 4( 93,.' )4 3(' #%$L&%'(,L$%='.02( ,$.0'/ O' 0)$ '.$=#'D')$ )4 3(' '.&0A0)') 0(&4/4.&3'/ )4,9$%)'(&4N34 949+' )4 =a/&0#/4, ='('(&0'/4, H/0&4%'&3%'I O0,&$%0'I 4.$($=+'I 4.$/$?+'I /$?+'I #,0.$/$?+'I 4&.J C &'=90d( (3=4%$,', /4(?3', H.'&'/K(I .',&4//'($I L%'(.d,I0(?/d,I '/4=K(J7

!,', 0(N304&3)4, //4A'%$( ' 5$'( ' ,4% 3($ )4 /$, L3()')$%4, )4/ #'%&0)$ !/,b4%), 4( /', 0,/', 6'/4'%4,I //4?'()$ ' $.3#'% .04%&', .3$&', )4 ?$904%($ 4(&%4 TWWC 4/ EFF^I #4%+$)$ 4( N34 L34 )0#3&')$ )4/ >'%/'=4(&$ 9'/4'%7 !,4 #4%+$)$ L34=4(&4 0(&4%4,'(&4I #$/+&0.'=4(&4 O'9/'()$I C' N34 #$% 3( /')$ ,4 4A0)4(.0'%$( ./=4(&4 /$, /+=0&4, )4 '..02( 4( 4/ =3()$ )4 /' #$/+&0.' 0(,&0&3.0$('/j C #$% $&%$ /

Z($ %4?0$('/ )4 .4(&%$Z01N304%)'I ' 0(0.0'&0A' )4 !/, b4%),7 -' ./',4 .'#0&'/0,&' (,$/$ &3=92 /' 4.$&','I ,0($ N34 ,4 4(.'%?2 )4 )4%%$.'% 3( ?$904%($ N34 ($ #$)+'(


9/153


.$(&%$/'% +(&4?%'=4(&4 '#$C'()$ /' .'()0)'&3%' .$(,4%A')$%' )4/ N34 L34 =0(0,&)4 B4)0$ 8=904(&4 .$( 81('%I 5'3=4 B'&',I N34 O$C )+' O' ,0)$ C' ,4(&4(.0')$

$&%$, =a/&0#/4, .',$, )4 .$%%3#.02(7

O4&4%$)$"$I 63')4, ,0?302 .$( 4/ '.&0A0,=$ #$/+&0.$I #4%$ 4,&' A41 )4,)4 /', &%

#%0='A4%' )4 EFFUI .4%%2 3( #%$C4.&$ 4( 4/ N34 O'.+' 'D$, N34 4,&'9' &%' l4/ /09%$ ]( 9%0//' 4/ ,$/lI 4( 4/ N34 0(A4,&0?'9' /$, $%+?4(4, )4 /' L$%='.02( )4 /

)4/ #/'.4% )4 /$, 4,#'.0$, .4(&%'/4, )4 /' !3%$#' .'#0&'/0,&'7 m',&' 4,4 =$=4(&$I/$, .$($.0=04(&$, ,$9%4 /' O0,&$%0' &3%+,&0.' )4 /', 6'/4'%4, 4%' =K, 904( 4,.',$ 9'/4'%I 4( /', N34 ,4 #%4,4(&'9' /' ?%'( &%'(,L$%='.02( &3%+,&0.' .$=$ 3( =0/'?%'/?$ )0A0($ .'+)$ )4/ .04/$ C .$( 3($, #%$L4&', l/$, 4=#%4,'%0$, &3%+,&0.$,l N34 A'%$( ' /' #$9/'.02(I ,'.K()$/' )4/ O'=9%47 >$% $&%$ /')$I =3.O$, &%'9'_$, '.')d=0Z.$,I =4($, '#$/$?d&0.$,I #','9'( )4 /'%?$ ,$9%4 /$, ',#4.&$, ./'A4 #'%' 4(&4()4% 4,4

#$)4% C /' 0()'?'.02( 4( 4,4 /'%?$ #4%+$)$ $,.3%$ )4 /' )0.&')3%'I %4,#$()4 ' 4,44,#+%0&3 0(N304&$ C /094%&'%0$ )4 5$'( 63')4,I N34 '%%'0?' 4( ,3, %'+.4, L'.$(.%4&'=4(&4 ,3 &+$I 4/ '('%N30,&' S'9%04/ 63')4, 0 >$(, HTWF^ZTW^YJ ',4,0(')/$, A4%)3?$, L',.0,&', H63')4,I EFF[J7

!/ EFFG ,4 //4A2 ' .'9$ 3(' %43(02( 4( ;'( B',)43 H6'%.4/$('J 4( /' N34 #'%Z&0.0#'%$( )0A4%,$, '.&0A0,&',Z0(A4,&0?')$%4, ,$9%4 /', &%'(,('.0$('/4, 4,#'D$/',0(.0)4(.0' ?/$9'/I #'%&0.3/'%=4(&4 4( 8=d%0.' -'&0('7 !(&%4 /$, ',0,&4(&4, ,4 4(.$(&%'9'( =04=9%$, )4/ ]\S H]9,4%A'&$%0 )4/ \43&4 4( /' S/$9'/0&1'.02J C )4 ]B8-H]9,4%A'&$%0$ )4 B3/&0('.0$('/4, 4( 8=d%0.' -'&0('JI N34 //4A'( ' .'9$ 3(' 0=#$%Z&'(&4 &'%4' )4 )4,4(=',.'%'% /', 4,&%'&4?0', .$%#$%'&0A', )4/ .'#0&'/ 4,#'D$/ C 0=#'.&$,j $ B'%. S'A'/)i N34 .$( ,3, 0(.0,0A', 0(A4,&0?'.0$(4, ,4 O' .$(A4%&0)$ 4(/' #4,')0//' )4/ ?0?'(&4 4(4%?d&0.$ `4#,$/7


10/153


8 #4,'% N34 /' 0()3,&%0'/01'.02( &3%+,&0.' 4, A0,&'I 0(./3,$ #$% /$, =$A0=0,$.0'/4, C /$, 0(A4,&0?')$%4, .%+&0.$,I .$=$ '/?$ )4 4,.',' %4/4A'(.0' 4( /', )0(K=0Z.', )4/ .'#0&'/0,=$ ?/$9'/I 4( 'N34//' %43(02( #'%&0.0#'=$, 5$'( 8=4%I 5$'( 63')4,C C$ =0,=$ H@A'( B3%%'CJ7 V34,&%$ $9_4&0A$ 4%' '#$%&'% 3( '(K/0,0, #%

Z 9'( /', .')4(', 9'/4'%4,I N34 ' ,3 A41 4%'( /', #%0(.0#'/4, )4/ !,&')$I 4( /' .$/$(0Z1'.02( &3%+,&0.' )4/ #/'(4&'7

Z/+&0.', #a9/0.', 4( 4/ 'D$ EFFGI 4( /' N34 '('/012 /', .$%4$?%'L+', )4/ #$)4% &3%+,&4( B'//$%.' C 4/ #'#4/ N34 O' _3?')$ /' ./',4 )$=0('(&4 l/$, O$&4/4%$,l )0.&'()$/', %4?/', )4/ _34?$ 4( /' 0,/'7 -2?0.'=4(&4I .$( 4/ #%4)$=0(0$ N34 4,4 /$99C O'9+'')N30%0)$ ($ ,$/'=4(&4 4( 4/ '%.O0#0d/'?$ 9'/4'%I ,0($ 4( &$)$ 4/ /0&$%'/ 4,#'D$/

Z

.')4(', O$&4/4%', C L34 5$'( 63')4, N304( ,4 #3,$ ='($, ' /' $9%'7 :0 904(I )4,)4)0L4%4(&4, =$A0=04(&$, ,$.0'/4, )4 /', 0,/', ,4 O'9+' /3.O')$ .$(&%' /', 4,&%'&4?04,#'.0'/4, )4/ .'#0&'/ &3%+,&0.$ 4( 4/ #%$#0$ '%.O0#0d/'?$ CI #$% &'(&$I ,4 #$)%

.'#0&'/0,&' =K, '//K )4 /', L%$(&4%', 0(,3/'%4, 4%'( )4/ &$)$ )4,.$($.0)',7 -$ #$.$N34 ,4 .$($.+' '/ %4,#4.&$ 4%'( /$, 4/$?0$, N34 )4 A41 4( .3'()$ '#'%4.+'( 4( /' #%4(,' /$.'/I #4%$ L3()'=4(&'/=4(&4 4,$, 4=#%4,'%0$, #%4L4%+'( ='(&4(4% /' )0,..02(I #','% 0(')A4%&0)$,7 h(' A41 ,3#4%')' 4,' #%0=4%' L',4 )4 )0,.%4.02( C C' 4( ' /', 2%)4(4, )4 /$, &093%$(4, &3%+,&0.$, C ,'.'%$( 3(' 4L4.&0,&' #39/0.'.02( 4( /' N

Z 94P -$, A0,0$('%0$, )4/ ;'%094 HB$%'/4, C `3+1Z;$//')$I EFFYJ7

Z/04(&4I '.')d=0.'=4(&4 A'/0$,$ C #$/+&0.'=4(&4 .%3.0'/P !"#$%&'()$ #'%'+,$,7 -.$/$(01'.02( &3%+,&0.' )4/ #/'(4&'7 8(&4%0$%=4(&4I 4( 4/ A4%'($ )4 4,4 =0,=$ 4/4=4(&$, .4(&%'/4, )4 ,3, 0(N304&3)4, N34 ,4 '=#/+'( 4( 4/ /09%$7 !( #%0=4% /30(,0,&4 4( ,0&3'% /' A+' )4 '.3=3/'.02( &3%+,&0.' .$=$ 3(' #041' )4 #%0=4% $%)4


11/153


/' 4,&%3.&3%'.02( )4 )4&4%=0(')$, 4,#'.0$, C ,$.04)')4, ' (0A4/ =3()0'/I 4,#4.0'/Z=4(&4 4( /', %4?0$(4, #4%0Ld%0.', $ ,4=0#4%0Ld%0.',7 8)4=K,I /' 0()3,&%0'/0&3%+,&0.'I ,4?a( 63')4,I ($ 4, ,$/'=4(&4 3(' #$&4(&4 A+' )4 '.3=3/'.02(I ,0($ N34

Z

?'%I ,39%'C' 4/ O4.O$ )4 N34 4( 3(', )0=0(3&', 0,/', )4/ B4)0&4%%K(4$ O'( ,3%?0'3&d(&0.$, ?0?'(&4, &3%+,&0.$,I .$( 3( 934( (a=4%$ )4 .')4(', O$&4/4%', 9'/4'%,0&3')', 4(&%4 /', #%0(.0#'/4, )4/ #/'(4&'7 :0 )4,.'%&'=$, /', .')4(', '(?/$,'_$(',I4,#4.0'/01')', 4( 4/ //'=')$ &3%0,=$ 3%9'($I %4,3/&' N34 /', #%0(.0#'/4, .')4(', )4&3%0,=$ )4 ,$/ C #/'C' &04(4( ,3 .4(&%$ )4 $#4%'.0$(4, 4( /', 6'/4'%4,7 !,&', .')4(',

Z

,0$(4, 4"&%'(_4%',7 c0('/=4(&4I 4( !"#$%&'()$ #'%'+,$, ,4 ,4D'/'( /', (34A', /2?0.',

!,&4 &%'9'_$ 4, %4'/=4(&4 ,0(?3/'% 4 0(,#0%')$% #$% =a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d.')'I ,3%?02 4/ /09%$ )4 !%(4,& ;'D')' C 5$%)0 S',.2(HEFF[J N34 $L%4.+' 3(' =0%')' .%+&0.' ,$9%4 /' .34,&02( &3%+,&0.' C %K#0)&4_02 3(' ,2/0)' .$/'9$%'.02( C '=0,&')7 !%(4,& C 5$%)0I )4,)4 )0L4%4(&4, #/'&=', l8-68 :h\ C 8..02( #$% 3(


12/153


4( #%$C4.&$, )4 .$$#4%'.02( .$( 0(A4,&0?')$%4, .%+&0.$, C )0L4%4(&4, .$/4.&;4(&%$ 8=d%0.' C 4/ ;'%0947 8)4=K,I 63')4, ,4 0(&4?%' )4(&%$ )4 /' $%?'(01'.028-68 :h\ )$()4 O' #39/0.')$ 934(' #'%&4 )4 ,3, A'/0$,', #39/0.'.0$(4, C O' %4ZL$%1')$ ,3 A0(.3/'.02( .$( $&%$, .$/4.&0A$, C '.&0A0,&',7 \494=$, )4,&'.'%I )4 =(4%' 4,#4.0'/I /', .$(&%093.0$(4, N34 O' %4'/01')$ 4( &$%($ ' /' .34,&02( )4/ .'=90$./0=K&0.$ C .$=$ 4,&4 'L4.&'%K ' /', '/4?%4, #%4A0,0$(4, )4 0()3,&%0'/01'.02( &.' #/'(4&'%0' N34I #$% 4_4=#/$I #/'(&4' /' ]%?'(01'.02( B3()0'/ )4/


13/153


c%+' 4( 4/ B4)0&4%%K(4$ H63')4,I EFFW9JI C 4/ ,4?3()$ L34 3(' 0(A4,&0?'.02(3.0$,' ,$9%4 4/ S%3#$ 6'%.4/2I 3(' )4 /', #%0(.0#'/4, &%'(,('.0$('/4, &3%+,&0.',='//$%N30(',I .'%'.&4%01')' #$% ,3, #%K.&0.', $#'.', H63')4,I EFFW.J7

-/4?')$, ' 4,&4 #3(&$I =4 0='?0($ N34 =K, )4 3($ ,4 #%4?3(&' n\2()4 4,&K( /$,'.')d=0.$,o nf3d O'.4( /$, #%$L4,0$('/4, 3(0A4%,0&'%0$, 4( .3'(&$ ' 0(A4,&0?'.02(

%4A4/')$% )4/ 4,&')$ '.&3'/ )4 /' 0(A4,&0?'.02( 3(0A4%,0&'%0' 4( ='&4%0' &3

Z

)4/ ,0,&4=' 0()3,&%0'/ &3%+,&0.$ C ,3 %4/'.02( .$( /', )0(K=0.', )4 .$/$(01'.02( .'Z #0&'/0,&'7 !(&%4 4,', $9%', #$)4=$, )4,&'.'% /' )4 !='(34/ )4 p')& .$( 4/ 4"#/+.0&$&+&3/$ ','#$%&4 '/ )4,'%%$//$o $ /' )4


14/153


)4.0% 4( /$, .4(&%$, =4&%$#$/0&'($, )4/ .'#0&'/0,=$ ?/$9'/I C ,3 #4%.4#.02( )4 .34,&02( &3%+,&0.' 4, ,0=#/4=4(&4 /' )4 3( &3%0,&'7 -' .$=3(0)') '.')d=0.' .$( 9',4 4( 4/ V$%&4 S/$9'/ ='(&04(4 &$)'A+'I '3(N34 .$( ($&'9/4, 4".4#.0$(4,I 3('./'%' A0,02( .$/$(0'/ )4/ =3()$7 8,+ #34,I '3(N34 '3&$%4, .$=$ 5$O( h%%C HTWW)4,)4 /' &4$%+' ,$.0'/ .%+&0.' O'( )4,'%%$//')$ 3( ='%.$ &42%0.$ a&0/ #'%' '('/01'% #%$.4,$, )4 &3%0,&01'.02(I 9'_$ 4/ .$(.4#&$ )4 =0%')' &3%+,&0.' H&$3%0,& ?4,4 ='%.$ &42%0.$ ,0?34 &4(04()$ 3( L34%&4 .$=#$(4(&4 .$/$(0'/7

!( .'=90$I /$, '3&$%4, N34 .$=$ 5$'( 63')4, #%$.4)4( )4 /', #4%0L4%0', )4/ &3%+,&0.'I #%4,4(&'( 3(' =0%')' &$&'/=4(&4 )0L4%4(&4I /' =0%')' )4/ O3d,#4) H=$, )4.0% /' O$,& ?'14J7 5$'( 63')4, ,4 0(&4?%' .$=#/4&'=4(&4 4( 4,&' #4%,#4.&0AC' N34 #$% ,3 .$()0.02( )4 ='//$%N3+( HC .$( 3(' /'%?' &%'C4.&$%0' '.&0A0,&'J 4/ O4.O$ )4 A0A0% 4( /' O0#4%&3%+,&0.' 0,/' )4 !0A0,,'I )$()4 &%'9'_' 4( 4/ ,4.&

/' 0()3,&%0'/01'.02( &3%+,&0.'P '9'()$($ C L%'.',$ 4,.$/'%I =4($,#%4.0$ 0(,&0&3.0O'.0' /' .3/&3%' C /' 4)3.'.02(I )4,.$=#$,0.02( ,$.0'/I L'('&0,=$ %4/0?0$,$ O'.0' 4/

'.&0A0)') )4 #/'.4%I ,0($ .$=$ ?4(4%')$% )4 )4,0?3'/)')4,I 4,&%3.&3%')$% )4 %4/'.0(4, )4 #$)4%I 4_4 )4 /' 4"#/$&'.02( /'9$%'/ C '/04('.02( ,$.0'/I =$&$% )4 4,#4.3/'.02(

!( 4/ =3()$ '(?/$,'_2(I N34 #'%4.4 ,4% 4/ a(0.$ 4"0,&4(&4 4( 4/ =3()$ '.')dZ=0.$I '#'%4.02 4( 4/ 'D$ TWWT 3( 0=#$%&'(&+,0=$ '%&+.3/$ )4 :&4#O4( 6%0&N34 O'.+' 3(' //'=')' #'%' //4A'% ' .'9$ 3(' '?4()' )4 0(A4,&0?'.02( .%+&0.' ,$9%4 4/&3%0,=$ 0(&4%('.0$('/7 6%0&&$( N34 O'9+' %4'/01')$ ($&'9/4, .$(&%093.0$(4, 4&4(&' C $.O4(&' =3%02 4/ TWWT C 4/ &4,&0?$ L34 %4.$?0)$ #$% '/?3($, '3&$%4_4=#/$ \0=0&%0, @$'((0)4, C p40&O \499'?4 HTWWYJ $ 5'( B$,)'/4 HEFTTJ7 6 #%4&4()+' )$&'% '/ '(K/0,0, &3%+,&0.$ )4 3(' 9',4 &42%0.' #$&4(&4I ,0?304()$ /='4,&%', )4 \'A0) m'%A4CI #4%$ &'=90d( #%$#$(+' 3(' 0(A4,&0?'.02( $%04(&')' '..02( #$/+&0.'7

-', =K, %4.04(&4, '#$%&'.0$(4, '.')d=0.',I '3(N34 ='(&4(?'( 4/ =$%)04(&4.%+&0.$I O'( #4%)0)$ .$=#/4&'=4(&4 /' A$.'.02( )4 &%'(,L$%='.02( ,$.0'/ C )4 0(.


15/153


)4(.0' #$/+&0.'7 -' ='C$% #'%&4 )4 /$, &4"&$, #39/0.')$, O$C 4( )+' ,$( 3(' 4,#4.04

N34 '(K/0,0,7 B04(&%', N34 ' /' O$%' )4 0()'?'%I #%$L3()01'% C .$($.4% /$, #%$%4'/4, N34 O'C )4&%K, )4 /', )0(K=0.', )4/ .'#0&'/ &3%+,&0.$ C ,3 0(.0)4(.0' ,$.0$ #'.0'/I 3($ O' )4 .$(,3/&'% /', =0/4, )4 %4L4%4(.0', '#'%4.0)',I N34 ' ,3 A41 &4 %4

#39/0.'%I '3(N34 ,4' 9'_$ /' _4%?' )4 /' &4$%+' ,$.0'/ .%+&0.'I #'%' 0% 4,.'/'()$ #$,0.0$(4, 4( /' _4%'%N3+' 3(0A4%,0&'%0'7 !(&%4&'(&$I /$, ?%3#$, ,$.0'/4, N34 ,4 4.$(&%' /$, '93,$, )4/ #$)4% &3%+,&0.$ ($ .34(&'( .$( /' .$=#/0.0)') C '#$C$ )4 4,$,'.')d=0.$, .%+&0.$,7 '%'+,$, 4, 3( /09%$ N34 ='(&04(4 /' L%4,.3%' )4/ =$=4(&$ )4 ,3 #39/0.'.02(I 0(./3,$ #$)%+'=$, )4.0% N34 ,3 A'/$% C .'/0)') O'( '3=4(&')$ .$( 4/ #',$ )4/ &04=#$I &'/ .$=$ $.3%%4 .$( /$, 934($, A0($,7 !( d/ ,4 '#3(&'( /', /+(4',

A0(.3/')$ '/ =3()$ 0(=$90/0'%0$7 !, #$% 4//$ N34 4( 4,&4 /09%$ ,4 &%'1' /' ,4()' N3/$, #$)4%4, #$/+&0.$Z4.$(2=0.$,I /' d/0&4 &%'(,('.0$('/I O'( &$=')$ O'.0' /' '.&3'/S%'( \4#%4,02(7 \494=$, .4/49%'% N34 4,&4 /09%$I #39/0.')$ 4( ,3 =$=4(&$ #$% 3 #4N34D' C A'/04(&4 4)0&$%0'/I ,4 A34/A' ' )0,&%0930% C )4 ='(4%' ?%'&30&' /' %4)I C' N34 )4 4,&' ='(4%' ,4%K '..4,09/4 #'%' =3.O$, .$/4.&0A$, N34 4( ,3 )+' ($/$ #3)04%$( O'.4%7

'?0&')$7 !( 4/ .',$ )4 /', .')4(', O$&4/4%', 9'/4'%4, ,4 O'( //4A')$ ' .'9$ #%$L3()',%44,&%3.&3%'.0$(4, #'%' O'.4% L%4(&4 ' /', )43)', 4( /', N34 ,4 A4+'( 0(=4%,',j '/?(', )4 4,', .')4(', N34 4,&'9'( #'%&0.0#')', #$% .'_', )4 'O$%%$ l4( '/?a( .',$ O'C'/&$, )0%4.&0A$, )4 4,', .'_', 4( #%0,02(l O'( &4(0)$ N34 93,.'% (34A$, ,$.0$,j $&%O'( A0,&$ .$=$ 4/ A'/$% )4 ,3, '..0$(4, ,4 )4,#/$='9'(j )0A4%,', 4=#%4,', &3%+,Z&0.', O'( N349%')$ $ O'( #%4,4(&')$ ,3,#4(,02( )4 #'?$,I )4,&'.'()$ 4/ 4,&%34()$)4 /' .'+)' )4 ]%01$(0'I 4_4=#/$ )4,&'.')$ )4 /', %4/'.0$(4, )4/ .'#0&'/ &3%+,&0.$ .$(

'.3=3/'.02(I 4"#/$%'()$ (34A$, 4,#'.0$, H#$% 4_4=#/$ 6%',0/JI '9'()$('()$ $&%$,


16/153


H.$=$ #$% 4_4=#/$ 4( 1$(', &3%+,&0.', )4/ V$%&4 )4 qL%0.'J $ ',4?3%'()$ #$,0.0$ Z

(0,&%'.0$(4, #a9/0.',7 h($ )4 /$, 4L4.&$, .$/'&4%'/4, )4 /' >%0='A4%' q%'94 4, N3 Z

)$,4 4/ EFT^ 4/ %d.$%) O0,&2%0.$ 4( &3%0,&', 4 0(?%4,$, &3%+,&0.$,7 >'%')2_ #'%$ '/.'(1' &'=90d( /' .0L%' %d.$%) .$( 3(' &',' )4/ ETr C 4/ 4=#%4,'%0')$ '(3(.0'.$(?4/'.02( ,'/'%0'/7 8,+ #34,I /' .%0,0, O' ,0)$ '9%'1')' .$( '/4?%+' #$% #'%&4 )4 /'./',4 .'#0&'/0,&' N34 O' #$)0)$ '#/0.'% &$)$ 3( #'N34&4 )4 =4)0)', 0(0='?0('9/4, 4(

)4 !,&')$o

Bibliografía

8=4%I 5A HEFFGJ !)0.0$(, \$.3=4(&' 6'Z/4'%I >'/='7

6/K1N341I B7 C ;'D')'I !7 H4),J HEFTTJ 5 !)0&$%0'/ !(/'.4I

B'('?3'76%0&&$(I :7 HTWWTJ 4( !(A0Z%$(=4(&'/ '() >/'((0(? \P :$.04&C '() :#'.4 b$/7W Va=7UI ##7U[TZUXY763')4,I 57 HEFFUJ `4, >39/0.' !)0.0$(,I!0A0,,'763')4,I 57 HEFF[J >/'?34&4, )4/ `'A'/ (a=7GI >'/='7

4( >349/$, (a=4%$ EEI ##7UTZUE763')4,I 57 HEFFGJ -' -3.4%('I >'/='763')4,I 57 HEFFWJ 8-68:h\ H O&PssRRR7'/9',3)7$%?s#39/s)$.,sE^7#)L J763')4,I 57 HEFTFJ

8-68:h\I H O&PssRRR7'/9',3)7$%?s#39/s)$.,s^U7#)L J763')4,I 57 HEFFW'J 5

B4=$%0' )4 @(A4,&0?'.02(I \4#'%&'=4(& )4 ;0g(.04, )4 /'

http://www.albasud.org/publ/docs/23.pdfhttp://www.albasud.org/publ/docs/23.pdfhttp://www.albasud.org/publ/docs/34.pdfhttp://www.albasud.org/publ/docs/34.pdfhttp://www.albasud.org/publ/docs/23.pdfhttp://www.albasud.org/publ/docs/23.pdf


17/153



18/153


PREFACIO

: 0 '/?a( ,4.&$% 4.$(2=0.$ &04(4 934(' #%4(,' d,4 4, 4/ &3%0,=$7 \4 O4.O$ ($% .04%&$ /' #%0=4%' )4/ =3()$7 -' ',$.0'=$, '/ A0'_4I '/ )4,.'(,$I ' /' )4,.$(4"02( )4

.$( 4/ 'A'(.4 ,0( L%4($ )4 /' //'=')' ?/$9'/01'.02(7

@(./3,$ 4(&%4 /$, =$A0=04(&$, #$% 3(' '/&4%('&0A' 4.$/2?0.' C ,$.0'/ ' /' =4%.'&0/01'.02( ,0( L%$(&4%', )4/ >/'(4&'I ,34/4 0?($%'%,4 4/ #4,$ C /' 0=#$%&'(.0' .%)4 /' &3%0,&01'.02( 4( /' .$(A4%,02( )4/ =3()$ 4( 3( #'%'+,$ /094%'/7 >$%N34 /' )3,&%0' &3%+,&0.' '.&a' ($ ,2/$ 4( 4/ #/'($ ='&4%0'/ ,0($ &'=90d( 4( 4/ #/'($ O3='($)4 /' ?/$9'/01'.02(I .$(,&0&3C4()$I )4 O4.O$I /' A+' =K, %K#0)' C '='9/4 )4 4(&%')'4( 4/ 4,&0/$ )4 .$(,3=$ ($%&4'=4%0.'($ #'%' ,$.04)')4, '/4_')', )4 /$, .4(&%$, )4

Z)') )4 /$, %4.3%,$, =0(4%'/4,I #$% 4_4=#/$I 4/ 0=#'.&$ )4/ &3%0,=$ 4( /$, A'/$%0(='&4%0'/4, )4 /' .$=3(0)') .$/$(01')' ,$( =3.O$ =K, )3%')4%$, C /4&'/4,7

!( 4,&4 /09%$I #%4.0,'=4(&4I 9$,N34_'=$, 4/ #'#4/ ='C$% )4/ &3%0,=$ 4( /' ?/$9/01'.02(7 >'%' 4//$I ($, ,4%A0%4=$, )4 /' 4"#4%04(.0' )4 6'/4'%4,I 3($ )4 /$, >'%'+,$,)4 $.0$ =K, %4($=9%')$,7 B'//$%.'I !0A0,,'I c$%=4(&4%' CI .')' A41 =K,I B4($%.'I,4 O'( .$(A4%&0)$ 4( 0.$($, )4 /' &3%0,&01'.02( ?/$9'/ )4/ >/'(4&'7 -', 0,/', 6'/4'%4,.$(,&0&3C4( '3&d(&0.', _$C', #'%')0,+'.', 4( 4/ 0='?0('%0$ )4 (34,&%$ =3()$P ,3, #/'C', /3.4( .%0,&'/0(',I ,3, O$&4/4, //4A'( 4/ ='%.O'=$ )4 /' .'/0)')I ,3, )0,.$&4.',O'.4( /', )4/0.0', )4 /' _3A4(&3) 43%$#4'I C &$)$ 4//$ 9'_$ 3($ )4 /$, ./0=', =K,,3'A4, N34 ,4 #34)4( )0,L%3&'%P 4/ )4/ B4)0&4%%K(4$ ($%&47

!,&' '3&d(&0.' O0,&$%0' )4 d"0&$ 4.$(2=0.$ ,4 O' #%$)3.0)$ 4( %4/'&0A'=4(&.', )d.')', C O' #$)0)$ ='&4%0'/01'%,4 ' &%'Ad, )4 %4?+=4(4, C .0%.3(,&'(.0', )4/$ =K, )0A4%,$7 8,+I B'//$%.' C !0A0,,' .$($.04%$( 3( #%0=4% )4,#4%&'% '/ &30(&4%('.0$('/ '/ .'/$% )4 /' 9%4A4 `4#a9/0.' )4=$.%K&0.' 4( /$, 'D$, ^F )4/ ,0?/$ #'Z


19/153


,')$I %4,3%?04%$( .$( L34%1' 4( /$, [F C /' #%$?%4,02( &3%+,&0.' ,4 O01$ 0=# /' '/&4%('(.0' )4 ?$904%($, %4?0$('/4, )4 )0L4%4(&4 ,0?($ ($ '/&4%'%$( ,3,&'(.0'/=4&4 4/ =$)4/$ 4=#%4()0)$ 'O$%' O'.4 =4)0$ ,0?/$7

B04(&%', &'(&$I /', 6'/4'%4, ,4 O'( .$(A4%&0)$ 4( 3(' ,$.04)') &%4=4()'=4(&4=$)4%('7 -' %4?02( .$(,&0&3C4 3( 4_4=#/$ #'%')0?=K&0.$ )4/ '..4,$ %K#0)$ ' /' .0A0/01'.02( #$,0()3,&%0'/ )4,)4 3(' ,$.04)') '?%'%0' .$( )d90/ 0()3,&%0'/01'.02( H4(4/ .',$ )4 B'//$%.'J $I 0(./3,$I ' #'%&0% )4 3( %0&=$ )4 A0)' )4 '%.K)0.' ,39,0,&4(.0

=4)0' 43%$#4' C /' %4(&' #4% .K#0&' 4, /' =K, '/&' )4 !,#'D'7 !/ 4=#$%0$ )4 .%4'.02)4 %0N341' 9'/4'% O' '&%'+)$ C ,0?34 '&%'C4()$ 0(.4,'(&4=4(&4 ' =3.O', #4%,$()4 $&%$, /3?'%4, )4/ >/'(4&' N34 93,.'( /'9%'%,4 3( L3&3%$ =4_$%7 :4 #$)%+' N34 /', 6'/4'%4, ,$(I )4 O4.O$I 3(' &04%%' )4 $#$%&3(0)')4, 4( !3%$#' ' 0='?4(

#4%,$(', 4( &$)$ 4/ =3()$7

>'%'/4/'=4(&4I A4%4=$, .2=$ /$, .$,&4, '=904(&'/4,I ,$.0'/4, C .3/&3%'/4, )4/d"0&$ &3%+,&0.$ 9'/4'% ,$.'A'( C' /', 9',4, )4 ,$,&4(090/0)') )4/ (4?$.0$ &3%+,&0/' #%$#0' A0'90/0)') )4 /', 0,/', .$=$ ,$.04)')4, )4 904(4,&'% .$=3(0&'%0$7 >$% 4//$I

/', #%0(.0#'/4, 4=#%4,', &3%+,&0.', )4/ '%.O0#0d/'?$ O'( )0%0?0)$ ,3 '&4(.02( '/ %)4/ =3()$7 8,+I =04(&%', //4A'( ' .'9$ 3( '9'()$($ #%$?%4,0A$ )4 ,3, #%$#04)')4,4( /', #%$#0', 6'/4'%4,I ?%3#$, .$=$ :$/ B4/0KI 6'%.4/2I `03I @94%$,&'% $ c04,&O'( .$(A4%&0)$ 4( #$)4%$,', &%'(,('.0$('/4, .$( 3(' .%4.04(&4 0=#/'(&'.02( 4( 4/%4,&$ )4/ B4)0&4%%K(4$I 4( ;'('%0',I 4( 8=d%0.'I 4( 4/ B'?%49 4 0(./3,$ 4( ;O0(!, ',+ .2=$ /' 0()3,&%0' &3%+,&0.' 9'/4'% 4"#$%&' #'%'+,$, ,0( L%$(&4%', CI ' =4%4#%$)3.4 /$, =0,=$, 4%%$%4, C '#34,&', N34 4( .','7

;$($.4%I #34,7 /', %'+.4, C /', L$%=', )4 )4,'%%$//$ )4/ =$)4/$ 9'/4'% #34)4

C 4/ '?3' 4( ;'('%0',I B'%%34.$, $ 5'='0.'7 wI ./'%$ 4,&KI )4,.39%0% /', 4($%=4,


20/153


&3%+,&0.$ #'%' 9/'(N34'% )0(4%$ )4 $%0?4( ,3.0$7 >'%' /$, =K, 'A0,')$,I ,4%K $.&'=90d( )4 )4,.39%0% N34 4/ &3%0,=$ .$(,&0&3C4 4/ ,4.&$% )4 /' 4.$($=+' /4?'/ )/' )4,%4?3/'.02( /094%'/ O' //4?')$ =K, /4_$,7 w #'%' .',0 &$)$ 4/ =3()$I ,$%#%4()4%K/' .'#'.0)') )4 /', 4=#%4,', &%'(,('.0$('/4, H!/'(4&' =K, O3='($ C %4,#0%'9/47

>'/='I EFFG


21/153


;'#+&3/$ T

EL TURISMO,PRIMERA INDUSTRIADEL MUNDO

- ' O34//' O3='(' ,$9%4 4/ >/'(4&' 4, .')' A41 =K, #%$L3()'7 b'/4 /' #4(' %4Z #4,$ )4/ &3%0,=$ ,$9%4 /' A0)' )4 (34,&%', ,$.04)')4,7

,*5".3':/ I 4( /$, )$, a/&0=$, ,0?/$, /' m3='(0)') O' 4"#4Z%0=4(&')$ 3( .%4.0=04(&$ 4"&%'$%)0('%0$P /$, T7FFF =0//$(4, )4 #4%,$(', )4T7YFF ,4 O'( .$(A4%&0)$ 4( =K, )4 G7GFF =0//$(4, 4( EFF[ CI )4 '.34%)$ .$( / #%4A0,0$(4, =4)0', )4/ >%$?%'=' )4 /', V'.0$(4, h(0)', #'%' /' >$9/'.02(I 4( 4/ #%2"0=$ =4)0$ ,0?/$ 4/ >/'(4&' #$)%+' '/94%?'% ' 3($, Y7WFF =0//$(4, )4 #4%,$(8O$%' 904(P )4,)4 =0&') )4/ ,0?/$ yy O'C 3(' '.4/4%'.02( L$%=0)'9/4I 0(d)0&' 4( /'O0,&$%0'7

0

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100

8.900

6.600

2.5001.6001.000

POBLACIÓN MUNDIAL 1800-2050

PERSONAS(millones)

c34(&4P c$()$ )4 >$9/'.02( )4 /', V'.0$(4, h(0)', H3(L#'7$%?J


22/153


!/ WWr )4 4,&4 .%4.0=04(&$ ,4 4,#4%' N34 .$%%4,#$()' '/ )4 /$, #'+,4, )4/ :3% Z

A0,0$(4, '3?3%'( N34 4( EF^F O'9%K ^[ #4%,$(', _390/')', #$% .')' TFF $.3#')',.3'()$ 4( TWGF /' #%$#$%.02( 4%' )4 ,2/$ )4/ T[r7 !,&$ 4,I ,4%4=$, =3.O+,0=$, =K,I4,#4.0'/=4(&4 4( 4/ :3%I C =K, ='C$%4,I ($&'9/4=4(&4 4( 4/ V$%&47

-' .34(.' =4)0&4%%K(4' 4, 3(' )4 /', K%4', )4 L%$(&4%' 4(&%4 /$, )$, O4=0,L4%)4 )4,0?3'/)') )$()4 =4_$% #34)4 A0,/3=9%'%,4 /' &4()4(.0' ?4(4%'/7 :0 4( TWY[A0A+'( '//+ 3($, ^GF =0//$(4, )4 O'90&'(&4,I )0A0)0)$, 4( #'%&4, 0?3'/4, 4(&%4 /',%094%',I 4( EFE[ '/.'(1'%K /$, GFF =0//$(4,I )$, &4%.0$, )4 /$, .3'/4, #$9/'%'( /'$%0//' ,3% C /' =0($%+' %4,&'(&4 4( /' ($%&4D'7

!,&' )4=$?%'L+' ?'/$#'(&4 4, ,3#4%')' )4 /'%?$ #$% 3('-3*/*)6. )4,9$.')'78,+I 4( /$, )$, a/&0=$, ,0?/$,I /' 4.$($=+' =3()0'/ ,4 O' =3/&0#/0.')$ #$% U^7 !/O4.O$ .%3.0'/ #'%' (34,&%' .$=#%4(,02( 4, N34 )4,)4 TW[F ,4 O' ,4#&3#/0.')$ 4/ A/3=4( )4 /' 4.$($=+' ?/$9'/7 -' 4(&%')' 4( /' ,$.04)') )4 .$(,3=$ )4,#3d, )4 /':4?3()' S34%%' B3()0'/ )4 .')' A41 =K, ,$.04)')4, ,4 O' #%$)3.0)$I &'=90d(I )4L$%=' )4,0?3'/7 :4 .'/.3/' N34 3($, T7XFF =0//$(4, )4 #4%,$(', 4( 4/ V$%&4 C 4( 4/:3% H'#4(', 3( EYr )4 /' #$9/'.02(J .$(,&0&3C4( O$C /' .'#' #%0A0/4?0')' )4 .$(,3Z=0)$%4, =04(&%', N34 /' ='C$%+' )4 /' #$9/'.02( H3($, ^7UFF =0//$(4, )4 #4%,$(',JA0A4( .$( =4($, )4 E )2/'%4, '/ )+'7 ;',0 /' =0&') )4 d,&', 0(&4(&'( ,$9%4A0A0% .$=4($, )4 3( )2/'% )0'%0$777

CRECIMIENTO DE LA ECONOMÍA MUNDIAL 1820-2050

0

10

20

30

40

50

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000

43

c34(&4P M$%/)R'&.O @(,&0&3&4 HRRR7R$%/)R'&.O7$%?J


23/153


8 /' 4"&%4=' L%'.&3%' ,$.0'/ .'94 'D')0% /' A0,09/4 )0A0,02( 4,#'.0'/7 \$, &4%.0)4/ .$=4%.0$ 0(&4%('.0$('/ $#4%'( )4(&%$ )4 /$, /+=0&4, )4 /' ];\!D7 -$, //'=')$,

/$, '?4(&4, )0('=01')$%4, )4 4,&' 0(&4?%'.02( .%4.04(&4 )4 /' 4.$($=+' =3()0'/7:$( =K, )4 G^7FFF .$=#'D+', H.$( ,3, .',0

934(' #'%&4 )4/ #$)4% 4.$(2=0.$ )4/ >/'(4Z&'7 \4 O4.O$I 4( 4/ %'(N30( =3()0'/ )4 /',='C$%4, 4.$($=+',I '/ =4($, [T .$%%4,#$(Z)4( ($ ' 4,&')$, ,0($ ' !


24/153


V$, O'//'=$, 0(=4%,$, 4( /' ,4"&' ?%'( 4"&0(.02( $.3%%0)' _'=K, ,$9%4 /'


25/153


26/153


z /' .$(,&%3..02( z z /$, ,4%A0.0$, 0()0A0)3'/4, &'/4, .$=$ 4/ /'A')$ )4 %$#'I 4/ '/N30/4% )4A4O+.3/$, $ 4/ .30)')$ #4%,$('/

z 4/ .$=4%.0$ 0(&4%0$%z 8

!/ M


27/153


UN PROGRESO EXPONENCIAL,UNA GEOGRAFIA DESIGUAL

E[ =0//$(4, &3%0,&', 0(&4%('.0$('/4, )4 TW[FI ,4 O'9+'( .$(A4%&0)$ 4( YFY =0/4/ 'D$ EFF[7 :0 /$ .$=#'%'=$, .$( /' 4"#'(,02( )4 /' 4.$($=+' =3()0'/I ($, #4%.'Z&'=$, N34 /' 4.$($=+' &3%+,&0.' O' .%4.0)$ .3'&%$ A4.4, =K, %K#0)$ N34 3(' 4.$=+' ?/$9'/ C' )4 #$% ,+ )4,9$.')'7

0

200

400

600

800

1.000

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2004

808,0

445,8

278,2

69,315,3

CRECIMIENTO DEL TURISMO INTERNACIONAL 1950-2005

TURISTAS(millones)

165,8

685,5763,0

2005

c34(&4P ]%?'(01'.02( B3()0'/ )4/


28/153


-' )0,&%093.02( )4/ &3%0,=$ 4, =3C 0%%4?3/'% 4( &$)$ 4/ >/'(4&'7 8,+I ,4?a( /?'(01'.02( B3()0'/ )4/


29/153


30/153


z !( EFTF #%K.&0.'=4(&4 ,4 O'9%K( )$9/')$ 4/ A$/3=4( )4 &3%0,&', %4,Z #4.&$ ' T[ 'D$, '(&4,7 z ;O0(' C !"&%4=$ ]%04(&4 4"#4%0=4(&'%K( 4/ .%4.0=04(&$ =K,4,#4.&'.3/'%7

z !3%$#' '.$?4%K 'a( =K, )4 /' =0&') )4/ &3%0,=$ 0(&4%('.0$('/ C qL%0Z.' ,4%KI )4 /'%?$I 4/ .$(&0(4(&4 =4($, A0,0&')$7

z -', 8=d%0.', O'9%K( .%4.0)$ =K, )4 YF =0//$(4, )4 &3%0,&', '(3'/4,' (0A4/ '9,$/3&$7

z 8!( %4,3=4(I 4/ &3%0,=$ ,4 O' .$(A4%&0)$ 4( /' #%0=4%' 0()3,&%0' /4?'/ )4/ .

&'/0,=$ ?/$9'/7 -$, 0=#'.&$, 0()0%4.&$, H.$=$ /' .$(,&%3..02(J ,$( =3.O$ ='C$%4,N34 /$, )0%4.&$,I #4%$ 4/ 4=#/4$ N34 ?4(4%' 4, )4 9'_' .'/0)') C ='/ #'?')$7 :3 #$Z&4(.0'/ )4 ,0(4%?0' .$( ,4.&$%4, /+)4%4, )4 /' 4.$($=+' .%0=0('/ 4, 0(.$=#'%'9/47 !,3(' 0()3,&%0' _$A4( C )4 ?%'()4, #4%,#4.&0A', )4 .%4.0=04(&$ C 4"#'(,02(I #$% 4=' )4 /' #%$#0' 4.$($=+' 0(&4%('.0$('/7 8O$%' 904(I #$% ,3 ('&3%'/41'I ,3 L%'?0/0)

3(' 4.$($=+' =3()0'/ $%04(&')' ' /' 4,#4.3/'.02( C /' )4?%')'.02( '=904(&'/ ?'/$Z %0.$, C #$9%4, 4( 4/ >/'(4&'7


31/153


;'#+&3/$ E

BALEARES:LUCES Y SOMBRASDE UN PARAÍSO

! / '%.O0#0d/'?$ 9'/4'% 4,&K ,0&3')$ 4( 4/ B4)0&4%%K(4$ $..0)4(&'/ ' =4)0$ .'=04(&%4 /', %094%', ($%&4 C ,3% CI #$/+&0.'=4(&4I L$%=' #'%&4 )4 !,#'D'7

#4,'% )4 ,3, %4)3.0)', )0=4(,0$(4, C )4 ($ O'94% ,3L%0)$ 3( #%$.4,$ )4 0()3,&%0/01'.02( ./K,0.'I /', 0,/', 6'/4'%4, )0,L%3&'( O$C )4 3( 4(A0)0'9/4 (0A4/ )4 A0)'7 8,+I(% &-/$. ,-& 3I,'$. 4, 3( ^Fr =K, 4/4A')' N34 /' =4)0' 4,#'D$/' CI 4( 4/ ='%.$.$(&0(4(&'/I 4/,*0-& 0- 3*),&. ,*& J.5'$./$- ,3#4%' '#%$"0=')'=4(&4 3( TFr /'

4"&%'$%)0('%0$ )4,'%%$//$ &3%+,&0.$ '.'4.0)$ )4,)4 O'.4 .0(.$ )d.')',7

12

10

8

6

4

2

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2004

11,5

2,7

0,09

EVOLUCIÓN DEL NÚMERO DE TURISTAS EN BALEARES (1950-2004)

TURISTAS(millones)

0,3

4,66,4

c34(&4P :' V$,&%' HEFFGJ


32/153


-' 0(=4(,' ='C$%+' )4 /$, &3%0,&', #%$A04(4( )4/ 4"&%'(_4%$ H3( YUrJI /$ 4N30A'/4 ' )4.0% N34".( 1."-.&-( &-3*;6./ -" D+EK 0-" $%&'()* '/$-&/.3'*/." '4,.'/' #/'(4&'%0'7


33/153


z -' %4(&' &3%+,&0.' 4,&%0.&' '/.'(1'%+' /$, G7[FF B{ C /' .$(,&%3..02(C /', '.&0A0)')4, 0(=$90/0'%0', ',$.0')', ,3#$()%+'( $&%$, E7TFF B{7!( &$&'/I 3( GFr )4 /' %4(&'90/0)') '#'%4(&47

z ;4%.' )4/ U[r )4/ >@6 /$ .$(,&0&3C4( /$, ,4%A0.0$, &3%+,&0.$, )0%4.&$,H/' %4,&'3%'.02( C /' O$,&4/4%+'I #$% 4,&4 $%)4(I ,4%+'( /$, #%0(.0#'/4,J

z h( TGr ')0.0$('/ /$ ?4(4%'( /' .$(,&%3..02( HTFrJ C /$, ,4%A0.0$,0(=$90/0'%0$, HGrJ7

>$% /$ N34 O'.4 '/-),"-* I '3(N34 4/ +()0.4 )4 #'%$ HWIErJ 4, /0?4%'=4(&4 ,3#4Z%0$% ' /' =4)0' 43%$#4' HYIYrJ d,&4 ,4 ,0&a' 4( 3( (0A4/ =3.O$ =4($% N34 /' =44,#'D$/' HTTI r̂J7 BK, )4 3( EGr )4 /' #$9/'.02( $.3#')' 4,&'%+' &%'9'_'()$ 4( ,4%ZA0.0$, &3%+,&0.$, H/' =0&') )4 /' .3'/ 4( O$,&4/4%+'J C $&%$ ($&'9/4 TGr 4,&K &4( /' .$(,&%3..02(7 >$% /$ &'(&$I 4( /' 4.$($=+' /4?'/I =K, )4 U )4 .')' TF 4=#/4$,&04(4( ,3 $%0?4( 4( /' 0()3,&%0' &3%+,&0.' C %4,0)4(.0'/ 9'/4'%7

!( .3'(&$ ' /' $L4%&' &3%+,&0.'I /',"./$. ."*@.$'F. "-;." =$)4%')'=4(&4 4,&' &4()4(.0' ' /' 4"#'(,02( )4/ &3%0,=$ %4,0)4(.0'/ ' .$,&' )4/O$&4/4%$P

!, 0(&4%4,'(&4 )'%,4 .34(&' N34 4( 4/ ,4.&$% &3%+,&0.$ 4"0,&4( /4?'/=4(& Z

.02( '/ #'%N34 )4 A0A04()' &$&'/7

8)4=K,I /' $L4%&' &3%+,&0.' .$( 3(' #'($#/0' .')' A41 =K, 4"&4(,' C =3/&0L$%=

9'%4,I N34 $L%4.4( 3(', UYF7FFF ',04(&$,7 !"0,&4( GU #34%&$, )4#$%&0A$, )4 EF7FFF '='%%4,7 !,&K( '904%&$, TX .'=#$, )4 ?$/L7 m'C [[7FFF .$.O4, )4 '/N30

Tipo Plazas %

En hoteles 317.274 75,0 %

En apartamentos 105.719 23,5 %

Resto 3.313 1,5 %TOTAL 422.879 100,0 %


34/153


' )0,#$,0.02( )4/ &3%0,=$I '/ ='%?4( )4 /$, .04(&$, )4 =0/4, )4 #%$#04)') #'%&0.3/'%N34 //4?'( #$% A+' ='%+&0=' ' #%4.0$, =3C .$=#4&0&0A$,7 !/ #'($%'=' )4 )0,.$&4C 4,&'9/4.0=04(&$, )4 $.0$ H>'.OKI 604%,&%',,4I ;'Ld )4/ B'%I :#'.4I 4&.J ($ &0

;$=$ 4, $9A0$I ". '/$-/('0.0 0-" '),.3$* 0-" $%&'()* 4( .')' 0,/' A'%+'I '3(ZN34 /', )0L4%4(.0', ($ ,$( 4,#4.&'.3/'%4,7 8,+I /', >0&03,', H!0A0,,' C c$%=4(&4%,$#$%&'( TG &3%0,&', #$% O'90&'(&4 '/ 'D$I =04(&%', N34 B4($%.' ,4 ,0&a' 4C B'//$%.' ,3#4%' /$, TT7P' ". )-0'. 5."-.& >%-&. -Q$&.,*".5"-+ !(,.R. $-/0&6.HLH )'""*/-( 0- $%&'($.( ." .R*+ */3- F-3-( )I( S%- -/ ". .3$%."'0.0 7

n;3K/4, ,$( /', #%4A0,0$(4, )4 .%4.0=04(&$ #'%' /$, #%2"0=$, &04=#$,o -', #4% #4.&0A', ,$( '#'%4(&4=4(&4 0(=4_$%'9/4,7 8 #4,'% )4 /$, #4%02)0.$, '3?3%0$, )4 ,0, C )4.')4(.0'I 4( 3( ,$/$ )+' )4 _3/0$ )4 EFF[ #','%$( #$% :$( :'(& 5$'( H4/ ='Z.%$'4%$#34%&$ )4 B'//$%.'J T[E7FFF #','_4%$,7 \4 O4.O$I /', 6'/4'%4, CI 4( 4,#4.0

=4_$%4, ./04(&4, H/$, '/4='(4,I 3( &4%.0$ )4/ &$&'/J ',+ .$=$ #$% '&%'4% &$)$ $L4%&'I )4,)4 /' &%')0.0$('/ )4 ,$/ C #/'C' O',&' #$% /' )4/ /$R .$,& #','()$ #$% /' )4?$/L $ /' )4 )4#$%&4, (K3&0.$,7 -' 0)4' )4 L$()$ /' %4,3=4 904( q/A'%$ B0))4/='((I

D7

8)4=K,I 4,&4 0=#$(4(&4 )4,'%%$//$ O' #4%=0&0)$ /' .$(L$%='.02( )4 0=#$%&&4, ?%3#$, C 4=#%4,', &3%+,&0.',I ('.0)', 4( 6'/4'%4, C N34 )4,)4 O'.4 #$.$, 'D$,A'( '9%04()$ L%$(&4%', 4( #%K.&0.'=4(&4 /$, .0(.$ .$(&0(4(&4,7 8,+I ($=9%4, :$/ B4/0KI 6'%.4/2I `03I @94%$,&'%I c04,&'I ,0=9$/01'( /' .%4.04(&4 0(&4%('.0$

Z,'%0'/J &04(4 =3.O$ N34 A4% .$( /' 4"#4%04(.0' )4 )d.')', )4 4"#/$&'.02( )4/ >'%'+,$ 9'/4'% C ,3 O34//' 4, =3C %4.$($.09/4I .$=$ A4%4=$,I 4( 4/ %4/4A'(&4 0=#'.&$ N

%0L4D' )4 B'%%34.$, $ ;'9$ b4%)47

T !(&%4A0,&' 4( /' %4A0,&' '/4='(' I (a=7 ^FI EF )4 _3/0$ )4 EFFG7


35/153


CUENTAS QUE NO SALEN

-$, %d.$%), ='.%$4.$(2=0.$, C /' 0(&4%('.0$('/01'.02( )4 /' 0()3,&%0' &3%+,&0.' 9/4'% ($ .$%%4( #'%'/4/$,I (0 )4 /4_$,I .$( ,3 %4,#$(,'90/0)') ,$.0'/ I '=904(&'/ C)4=$.%K&0.'7 \4 O4.O$I ?%'.0', #%4.0,'=4(&4 ' ,3 =$)4/$ )4 0()3,&%0'/01'.02( &%+,&0.' I 6'/4'%4, ,4 O' .$(A4%&0)$ 4( 3( 4_4=#/$ #'%')0?=K&0.$ )4 0(,$,&4(090,$.0$'=904(&'/ ' 4,.'/' ?/$9'/7

:0?304()$ ' 6/i1N341I B3%%'C C S'%'3 HEFFEJI /' 0(,$/A4(.0' 4.$/2?0.' &04(4 ,3./'A4, =K, 4A0)4(&4, 4(P

z !/ I 4(&4()0)$ .$=$ #'0,'_4 )0L4%4(.0')$I &%')0.0$('/ C 9',')$ 4( 4/ .30)')$ O3='($ )4.'=#$, C 9$,N34,I N34 4, ,'N34')$ .$=$ 3(' '3&d(&0.' 4"#/$&'.02(=0(4%'7 8//+ ,$( /$.'/01')$, )4 ='(4%' =',0A' 4 0=#4%,$('/ 4/ =K"0Z=$ )4 O$&4/4,I #%$=$.0$(4, 0(=$90/0'%0',I #'%N34, )4 $.0$I #34%&$,)4#$%&0A$,I '4%$#34%&$,I '3&$#0,&',I |

z -' ,T&0'0. .3%(.0. 0- 5'*0'F-&('0.0 I N34 'L4.&' )4 ='(4%' ?4(4Z%'/ ' L%K?0/4, 4.$,0,&4=', .$=$ 1$(', )3('%4,I ='%0,=', C ,'/0(',I 9$,N34, &4%%4,&%4, C #%')4%', ,39='%0(', H)4 #$,0)$(0'JI ',+ .$=$ /'

z -' -(3.(-9 4 0-$-&'*&* 0- ". 3."'0.0 0-" .;%. I N34 ,4 &%')3.4 4(

'?3' =4)0'(&4 #/'(&', #$&'90/01')$%', 9',')', 4( /' N34=' )4 .$=Z 93,&09/4, L2,0/4,7

z -' -Q,"*(':/ 0- ". ;-/-&.3':/ 0- &-('0%*( )4 &$)$ &0#$I O4.O$ N34,4 &%')3.4 4( 3( L34%&4 0=#3/,$ #'%' /' .$(,&%3..02( C '=#/0'.02()4 #/'(&', )4 0(.0(4%'.02( L34%&4=4(&4 &2"0.',7 >'%'/4/'=4(&4I /' %4Z.3#4%'.02( C %4.0./'_4 )4 %4,0)3$, ,4 ,0&a' 4( /', .$&', =K, 9'_', )4!,#'D'7

z !/ 3*".,(* -/-&;T$'3* (a=4%$ )4 A4O+.3/$, #%0A')$, H3($, WFF #$% .')' TFFF O'90&'(&4,I)$9/'()$ /' =4)0' 4,#'D$/'JI /' L%4.34(.0' )4 'A0$(4, H3( .3'%&$ )4=0//2( 4/ EFFUJI 4/ .$(,3=$ 4/d.&%0.$ H.%4.02 3( TUr #$% O'90&'(&4 4(


36/153


/' a/&0=' )d.')'J C )4 '?3' H.%4.02 3( TFr 4(&%4 TWYW C TWWW O',&',0&3'%,4 4( 3($, ^^U /0&%$, )0'%0$, #$% O'90&'(&4J7

!,&$, 0()0.0$, )4 )4&4%0$%$ '=904(&'/ )4/ >'%'+,$ &3%+,&0.$ 9'/4'% ?4(4%'A41I 3( .$(_3(&$ )4 ,0(4%?0', /4,0A', #'%' /' ,$,&4(090/0)') ($ #$% =4($, A0,09/4=4($, %4/4A'(&4,P

z !/ '/3&-)-/$* 0- ". -($.3'*/."'0.0 $%&6($'3. 4(&$%($ '/ 4#0.4(&%$)4/ A4%'($ =4)0&4%%K(4$I )4 &'/ ='(4%' N34 .%4.4( /$, %04,?$, )4 .$Z/'#,$ )4 /$, #%0(.0#'/4, ,4%A0.0$, 4 0(L%'4,&%3.&3%', #$% .$/'#,$ )4

O',&' 4/ &%'9'_$ ,04=#%4 '/ /+=0&4 )4 /', .4(&%'/4, &d%=0.',I /', )4Z #3%')$%', C #$&'90/01')$%', )4 '?3'I /', #/'(&', )4 %4.3#4%'.02( C?4,&02( )4 %4,0)3$,I 4&.J7 !( !0A0,,'I #$% 4_4=#/$I 4/ .$(,3=$ )4 '?3'4( _3/0$ )4 EFFE )3#/0.2 )4 /'%?$ 4/ )4 ='%1$ )4/ =0,=$ 'D$ HUEI[L%4(&4 ' EFI^ =0/4, )4 =^ )0'%0$,J7 !,&$ $9/0?' ' .$(&0(a', 0(A4%,0$(4,4( %4#'%'.02(I '=#/0'.02( 4 0(,&'/'.02( )4 ='C$% .$94%&3%' ' .$,&' )4/', (4.4,0)')4, ,$.0'/4,I .3/&3%'/4, C )4 904(4,&'% )4/ .$(_3(&$ )4 /'.03)')'(+' %4,0)4(&47

z !/ &->%-&9* 0-" ->-3$* '/F-&/.0-&* N34 )'D' 4/ ./0=' N34 ($, .$90_'7

/$, 0(.%4=4(&$, )4/ .$(,3=$ 4/d.&%0.$ )$=d,&0.$ H'0%4 '.$()0.0$(')$4( A4%'($I .'/4L'..02( L2,0/ 4( 0(A04%($J C #'%' /' #%$)3..02( )4 '?3' #$&'90/01')'I O'.4( N34 /' .$(&%093.02( 9'/4'% '/ .'=90$ ./0=K&0.$,4' =3C ,3#4%0$% ' /' )4,4'9/47 BK, 'a(P '/ O'94% &%',#',')$ &$)$,/$, 3=9%'/4, )4 .$(,3=$ 4/d.&%0.$ ',3=09/4,I /', 6'/4'%4, A'( ' #$Z)4% .$(,3=0%I ?%'.0', ' 3( .'9/4 ,39='%0($ .$( /' >4(+(,3/' @9d%0.'I4(4%?+' (3./4'% ' #'%&0% )4/ EFFX7 >$% &'(&$I '/ '#$C$ '/ .'=90$ ./0=KZ&0.$ ,4 &04(4 N34 ,3='% /' '#34,&' #$% 4/ %04,?$ )4 '..0)4(&4 '&2=0.$7

z -' 0-(.,.&'3':/ 0-" (%-"* &U($'3* 4 -" ,.'(.@- &%&." )4 /' =K"0=' 4,#4.3/'.02( 0(=$90/0'%0' #$,09/47 -', 6'/4'%4, ,4 O'(.$(A4%&0)$ ',+ 4( 3( 4($%=4 0=K( )4 /', 0(A4%,0$(4, 4,#4.3/'&0A', ',+.$=$ )4 /$, )4,4$, )4 .$(,3=$ %4,0)4(.0'/ )4 '=#/0', .'#', )4 43Z


37/153


#'%&0% )4 L$()$, )4 .'#0&'/4,I '#%$A4.O'()$ /' .$%%3#.02( 3%9'(+,&0.')4 &d.(0.$, C ')=0(0,&%'.0$(4,I /', 6'/4'%4, ,4 O'( .$(A4%&0)$ 4( 3(')4 /', 1$(', .$( 3( ='C$% #'%N34 )4 ,4?3()', %4,0)4(.0', %4,#4.&$' /' A0A04()' &$&'/ )0,#$(09/47 B04(&%', &'(&$I /' 4.$($=+' .'=#4,0(')4,'#'%4.4I /' )4#4()4(.0' '/0=4(&'%0' '3=4(&' C &$)$ 4/ #'0,'_4 &04(Z)4 ' .$(A4%&0%,4 4( 3(' ='.%$3%9'(01'.02( )0,#4%,'7

z -' V.$%&."-9. (- 3*/F'-&$- -/ %/ )-&* ,.&S%- $-)I$'3* ." (-&NF'3'* 0-" )./$-/')'-/$* 0-" /-;*3'* $%&6($'3*N&-('0-/3'." 7 !".4#Z&$ 4( 3( 9%4A4 #4%+$)$ )4 ?$904%($ =3/&0#'%&0&$ .$( #%4,4(.0' A4%HTWWWZEFF^JE 4( /$, (0A4/4, =K, 9'_$, )4 !,#'D' C =3C /4_$, )4/ $9_4&0A$ )4/ TFr' #%$&4?4% #%$#34,&$ 4( #$% /' h! #'%' 4/ EFTF7 8)4=K,I 4( %4'/0)')(0(?3(' 1$(' #%$&4?0)' .34(&' .$( #/'(4, C #4%,$('/ '=904(&'/ N34?'%'(&0.4( ,3 A0'90/0)') L3&3%'7 -' 0)4' 4, N34 /' 4.$Z

4( ,4?=4(&$, 'a( ($ 4"#/$&')$, )4 /' )4='()' &3%+,&0.'I .$=$ 4/ 4.$Z&3%0,=$ $ &3%0,=$ %4,#$(,'9/4 N34 4=4%?4 .$( L34%1' 4( ,$.04)')4,(2%)0.', )4 '/&$ #$)4% )4 .$(,3=$ H4,#4.0'/=4(&4 4( 8/4='(0'J7 !/%4,3/&')$ 4, N34 .$=$ =K, )4&4%0$%')$ '=904(&'/=4(&4 4,&K 6'/4'%4,I=K, #%$#'?'()' )4 #'%'+,$ ('&3%'/ ?4(4%'7

z -$, JI5'$*( 0- 3*/(%)* )4 /' ,$.04)') 9'/4'% ,4 .$(L3()4( .$( /$,)4 ,$.04)')4, '9,$/3&'=4(&4 0(,$,&4(09/4, .$=$ /' ($%&4'=4%0.'('&0#$ B0'=07 /'(4&'7 \4O4.O$I 4( /' '#%$"0='.02( =K, %0?3%$,' ' .3K(&$ 4N30A'/4 /' O34//'4.$/2?0.' )4/ '%.O0#0d/'?$G Z%'( 4/ >/'(4&'I (4.4,0&'%+'=$, [IX #/'(4&', #'%' ='(&4(4% ,3 (0A4/ )4A0)' 4( #/4($ A4%'($7 >'%' .$=#'%'.02(I 3( ($%&4'=4%0.'($ =4)0$

' #'%&0% )4 /' A34/&' )4 /$, .$(,4%A')$%4, '/ ?$904%($ %4?0$('/ 4( A4%'($ )4 EFF^7 8.&3'/=4(&4I ,2/$ 4/ TIW[r )

3( 0(L$%=4 )4&'//')$ 4(M49A4%) .$( L4.O' EU )4 4(4%$ )4 EFFU7

^ bd',4 B3%%'C C $&%$, HEFF[J7

http://www.webverd.com/http://www.webverd.com/


38/153


.$(,3=4 4/ 4N30A'/4(&4 ' WIG ,3, %4.3%,$, C /' =4)0' O3='(' ' 4,.'/'?/$9'/ 4, )4 EIE A4.4, ,3, #$,090/0)')4,7

-' '/(*($-/'5'"'0.0 ;"*5." )4/ >'%'+,$ 9'/4'% &04(4 &'=90d( #%$L3()$, %',?$,,$.0'/4,I N34 =34,&%'( /$, ,3%.$, )4 /' )4%0A' O'.0' /' L%'.&3%' C /' L%'?=4(&'.02.$=3(0&'%0',I /' )4,#4%,$('/01'.02( .3/&3%'/ C /' 4%$,02( )4 /' )4=$.%'.0' /$.'/HP

z 4( /' .$(,&%3..02( C 4( &'%4', )$=d,&0.',J O'( .$(A4%&0)$ /', 6'Z/4'%4, 4( 3(,*"* 0- .$&.33':/ 0- $&[email protected]*&-( 0-" P%& ('/ ';%."-/ !(,.R. )$9/4 /' =4)0' 4,&'&'/ HTWE O'90&'(&4, #$% N30/2=4&%$ .3')%')$ L%4(&4' Y^J7 B3.O$ =K, '.3,')$ 4, 4/ +()0.4 )4 #%4,02( O3='('I .3'()$ 4( #/4($ A4%'($I %$()' /$, TIY =0//$(4, )4 O'90&'(&4, C ,4 ,0&a' 4( ^G^

E7 ;$( 4//$I ,3#4%' /$, (0A4/4, )4 4,&')$, 43%$#4$, EJ C ,4

'.4%.' '/ )4 /$, >'+,4, 6'_$, H^W^J7z :4 #%$)3.4 3(3J*S%- 3%"$%&." -Q$&-)* 4( 3( ='%.$ )4 '9'()$($ )4

&$)' %4,#$(,'90/0)') #a9/0.' ' L'A$% )4/ )0K/$?$ C .$$#4%'.02( 0(&%'Z.$=3(0&'%0',7 6'/4'%4, &04(4 .',0 4/ )$9/4 )4 #$9/'.02( /4?'/ )4 $%0?4(4"&%'(_4%$ H4/ TUr 4( EFFUJ C 4/ )$9/4 )4 '/3=(')$ %4.0d( //4?')$N34 !,#'D' HTTIGrJ7 !, )4.0%I /' #$9/'.02( C /' .3/&3%' &%')0.0$('/ .'Z&'/'(', &04()4( %K#0)'=4(&4 ' /' =0($%01'.02(7 8)4=K,I /' 4.$($=+'&3%+,&0.' L$=4(&' /' ,4(,'.02( N34 /$ (34A$ A4(0)$ )4/ V$%&4 4, 0(Z&%+(,4.'=4(&4 =$)4%($ C )4,4'9/4 =04(&%', N34 /$ &%')0.0$('/ C /$.'/($ #',' )4 ,4% '(&0?3$ C %4,0)3'/I ,4' /' /4(?3' .'&'/'('I /', .3/&3%',0(,3/'%4,I /', .$,&3=9%4, $ 4/ #'0,'_47 -' 0%%3#.02( %4.04(&4 )4 L34%&4,

Z

&$)$, (2%)0.$,I ,4%+'( )4,4'9/4, C ,4 /4, .$(,04(&4 &$)$I =04(&%', N34

Z&4I /' L%'?=4(&'.02( d&(0.' A' '.$=#'D')' )4 3(' ?34&01'.02( &4%%0Z

U !( ?4(4%'/I /$, )'&$, 4,&K( 4"&%'+)$, )4 :' V$,&%' HEFF[J ',+ .$=$ )4 B3%%'C C $&%$, HEFF[J7


39/153


&$%0'/7 !, ',+ .$=$ '#'%4.4( 9'%%0$, C 1$(', '/4='(',I ='?%49+4,I Z

.02( '3&2.&$('J7 z !/ .33-(* . ". F'F'-/0. ,.&. ". ,*5".3':/ &-('0-/$- -( 3.0. F-9 )I(0'>63'"7 6'/4'%4,I ' %4=$/N34 )4 /' 4"#/$,02( &3%+,&0.' C 0(=$90/0'%0'I&04(4 4/ ='C$% (0A4/ )4 ,4?3()', %4,0)4(.0', C .',', A'.+', )4 !,#'D'H.$=$ =+(0=$I 3(' )4 .')' &%4,JI =04(&%', N34 .',0 ($ 4"0,&4 A0A04(Z)' 4( '/N30/4% )4 &$)$ 4/ 'D$7 ;$=#%'% 3(' A0A04()' ,3#$(4 &04(4 3(,$9%4.$,&4 =4)0$ )4/ ^Fr 4( )0(4%$ C &04=#$ %4,#4.&$ ' /' =4)0'4,#'D$/'7 >$% &'(&$I 4/ '..4,$ ' 3(' A0A04()' %4,3/&' 4"&%4=')'=4(&4)0L+.0/ #'%' /' _3A4(&3) C #'%' /', #4%,$(', %4.0d( 0(,&'/')', 4( /',6'/4'%4, ' #4,'% )4/ 9$$= )4 /' .$(,&%3..02( C /' 4"0,&4(.0' )4 .4(&4Z('%4, )4 =0/4, )4 #/'1', %4,0)4(.0'/4, A'.+', $ ,39$.3#')',7

z *,*&$%/'0.0-( 0- $&.5.@* 0';/*(*/ -(3.(.( P ,4 &%'9'_' =K, &04=#$I ,4 .$9%' =4($,I /' &4=#$%'/0)')4, 4"&%4='I 4, /' &4%.4%' %4?02( #$% '..0)4(&'/0)') /'9$%'/ C /$, '3Z=4(&$, ,'/'%0'/4, ,4 4(.34(&%'( 4(&%4 /$, =K, 9'_$, )4 !,#'D'7 -' L'/Z

)4 /' 0(=4(,' ='C$%+' )4 /$, .4%49%$, )4 /' %4?02( ' /' >4(+(,3/' C'/ 4"&%'(_4%$7 8)4=K,I 6'/4'%4, O'.4 &04=#$ N34 ,4 .$(A0%&02 4( 3(/'9$%'&$%0$ )4 #%4.'%04)') /'9$%'/P /$, ,0()0.'&$, ,4 O'( 4"&0(?30)$.$=$ &'/4, #'%' .$(A4%&0%,4 4( ?4,&$%+', )4 'C3)', #a9/0.',I 4/ &%'9'_$)4 &4=#$%')' H)4 4(&%4 )$, C .3'&%$ =4,4, '/ 'D$I .$($.0)$ 9'_$ 4/

&$&'/=4(&4 )4,.$($.0)$, )4,)4 O'.4 )d.')',7

z !"0,&4 3( '3&d(&0.$ #%$.4,$ )40-(-(3*".&'9.3':/ 7 !/ L%'.',$ 4,.$/'%4, 4/ =K, '/&$ )4 !,#'D' H}YrJI /' #%$#$%.02( =K, 9'_' )4 4,&3)0'(&4,)4 9'.O0//4%'&$ C L$%='.02( #%$L4,0$('/ HZT[rJ C ,3 +()0.4 )4 ='&%+Z.3/' 4( /' 3(0A4%,0)') 4,&K .',0 &%4, A4.4, #$% )49'_$ '/ #4,$ )4 /' #$Z 9/'.02( 9'/4'% %4,#4.&$ '/ &$&'/ )4 !,#'D'7 !( %4,3=4(I /' L$%='.02(

0%,4 ' &%'9'_'% 4(,4?30)' 4( 3(' 4.$($=+' 9',')' 4( 3(' ?4(4%$,'


40/153


#$,090/0)')4, )4 =4_$%' )3%'(&4 4/ %4,&$ )4 ,3 A0)' /'9$%'/7

z -' 0-(';%."0.0 (*3'." .%)-/$. 7 !( EFF^I 3( UI^r )4 /', &'%_4&', Z

9/'.02( %4'/ ($ )0,#$(+' )4 (0(?3('7 ;',0 4/ ^Fr ,4 #'?'9' 3( ,4?3%$ #%0A')$I '#%$"0=')'=4(&4 4/ &%0#/4 )4 /' =4)0' 4,#'D$/'7 B04(&%',&'(&$I /' 0(A4%,02( 4,&'&'/ 4( ,'/3) #$% O'90&'(&4 4%' ,4(,09/4=4(&4=4($% N34 /' 4,#'D$/' HYWF { L%4(&4 ' T^[F{ 4( EFF^J7

z !/ /'F-" 0- -3*/*)6. (%)-&;'0. * '"-;." -( ."$6(')* 7 8 #4,'% )4 N34 #$% ,3 ('&3%'/41' ($ O'C 3(' .$(&'90/0)') )4&'//')'I ,4 .'/.3/' N34 4(&$)' !,#'D' %4#%4,4(&'9' 4( 4/ 'D$ EFFF '/ =4($, 3(' N30(&' #'%&4)4/ &$&'/ C N34 4,&K 4( %K#0)' #%$?%4,02( 4( /$, a/&0=$, 'D$, '/ ,$.'0%4)4 /' .$(,&%3..02( C /' 4"#'(,02( &3%+,&0.'7 !( 4/ .',$ )4 6'/4'%4,I /' #%$#0' #'&%$('/ O$&4/4%' )4 !0A0,,' C c$%=4(&4%' '#$%&'9' %4.04(&4=4(&4 4/ )'&$ )4 N34 4( #/4($ A4%'($ 4(&%4 4/ ^F C 4/ [Fr )4 &$)$, /$,&3%0,&', ,4 '/$_'9'( 4( #/'1', 0/4?'/4,7 :0 4,&$ #','9' 4( 4/ &3%0,=$I4, $9A0$ N34 4( /' .$(,&%3..02( %4,0)4(.0'/I 4/ #%0=4% ,4.&$% )4 .%4Z

9/'(N34'% )0(4%$I 4/ 0=#'.&$ )49+' ,4% =3.O$ ='C$%7 !,&4 4($%=4

)4/ !,&')$I .$(,&0&3C4 3($ )4 /$, ='C$%4, 0(.4(&0A$, #'%' 4/ '.4/4%')$.%4.0=04(&$ )4 /', 0(A4%,0$(4, &3%+,&0.', 4 0(=$90/0'%0', 4( /', 6'/4'Z%4,7

z -' 0-5'"'0.0 0- ". .0)'/'($&.3':/ -($.$." 4 (% (-&F'"'()* . "*(;&./0-( "*55'-( 0- ,*0-& -3*/:)'3*+ 3*),*&$. ". 3*/3-/$&.3':/3&-3'-/$- 0-" ;.($* ,U5"'3* -/ '/>&.($&%3$%&.( '/ ,4%A0.0$ )4 3( .%4Z

'4%$#34%&$, C #34%&$,I (34A', '3&$#0,&', C .'%%4&4%',I .4(&%'/4, &=0.',I #$&'90/01')$%', C )4#3%')$%', 0(.0(4%')$%',I )0=4(,0$(')', #'%' '9,$%94% (34A', #3(&', %d.$%)7 B04(&%',I #34,&$ N34 ($ O'C )0Z(4%$ #'%' &$)$I 4/ ?',&$ #a9/0.$ 4( ,'/3)I 4)3.'.02(I ,4%A0.0$, ,$.0'Z/4,I .3/&3%' C _3A4(&3)7 !, )4.0%I /' #$9/'.02( %4,0)4(&4 ,4 .$(A04%&4 4(,39A4(.0$(')$%' )4 /' 4"#'(,02( #4%='(4(&4 )4 /' 0()3,&%0' &3%+,&0.'C %4,0)4(.0'/ ' .$,&' )4 ,3 #%$#0' .'/0)') )4 A0)'7 !/ 4,&')$ )4/ 904(Z


41/153


42/153


;'#+&3/$ ^

LAS RAÍCES:BALEARES,GLOBALIZACIÓN

ANTES DE LAGLOBALIZACIÓN

6 '/4'%4, C &3%0,=$ .$(,&0&3C4( 3( 90($=0$ 0(,4#'%'9/4 4( 4/ 0='?0('%0$ )4/ V&4 )4/ >/'(4&'7 '%4.4%+' .$=$ ,0 /' &3%0,&01' Z

#'%&4 )4,'%%$//')' )4/ B4)0&4%%K(4$ N34 A0$ ('.4% /' .0A0/01'.02(7 8/ =4($,I d4/ =4(,'_4 N34 ='.O'.$('=4(&4 A04(4 %4#0&0d()$,4 #$% #'%&4 )4 /', '3&$%0)')4, C0()3,&%0' )4,)4 O'.4 )d.')',I )4 &'/ ='(4%' N34 =3.O$, )4 ,3, #$9/')$%4, O'90&3'Z/4, ,4 O'( .$(A4%&0)$ 4( ,3, )4A$&$, A$.4%$,|

>4%$ /' .$(,&%3..02( )4 4,&4 >'%'+,$ L34 /'9$%0$,' C //4A2 'D$,7 :4 %4N30%3(', .$()0.0$(4, 4,#4.0'/4, C 4/ '#$C$ ,$,&4(0)$ )4 #$)4%4, )0A4%,$,7 8 /$ /'%?$)4 ,3 4"#'(,02( /' '#34,&' &3%+,&0.' L34 .'=90'()$ )4 ('&3%'/41' C ?4(4%2 (34A$,'/0(4'=04(&$, ,$.0'/4,I ' L'A$% C 4( .$(&%'7 -' 0)4' L3()'=4(&'/I 4( 4/ L$()$I 4, N34

!, )4.0%I 4/ #%4,4(&4 4, 4/ %4,3/&')$ )4 $#.0$(4, O4.O', 4( 4/ #',')$ N34 O3904% #$)0)$ )'% /3?'% ' $&%$ %4,3/&')$7 wI ,$9%4 &$)$I ($, ,3?04%4 N34 4/ L3&3%$)0L4%4(&4 4( L3(.02( )4 /' '.&0&3) N34 ')$#&4 /' #$9/'.02( .$/$(01')' &3%+,&0.'=4(

)4,'%%$//$ &3%+,&0.$ '.'4.0)$ )4,)4 O'.4 .0(.$ )d.')',7


43/153


MALLORCA, NACE UNA ESTRELLA 1

-' O0,&$%0' )4 /' &3%0,&01'.02( )4 /', 6'/4'%4, 4=#041' 4( /' )d.')' '(&4%0$% ' /'

E7 -' ='C$% )4 /',6'/4'%4, 4%' #3(&$ )4 4(.34(&%$ $9/0?')$ #'%' /' O0?O ,$.04&C )4 /' d#$.'7 !( 4,#4Z.0'/I ,4 4(.$(&%'9'( 4( 4/ L'=$,$ m$&4/ c$%=4(&$% H3( /3_$,$ 4,&'9/4.0=04(&$ N3'(3(.0'9' .$( 3( %2&3/$ /3=0($,$ ,$9%4 /' '%+,J $ 4( /', #/'C', )4/' 9'O+' )4 >'/=' .4%.'(', '/ S%'() m$&4/I 4/ b0.&$%0' $ 4/ B4)0&4%%K(4$7 !/ )3N3)4 M0(),$%I /$, ='O'%'OK, 0()0$,I M0(,&$( ;O3%.O0//I !%%$/ c/C((I 4/ .$()4 p4C,4%/0(? $ `3)C'%) p0#/0(? L34%$( A0,0&'(&4, ',0)3$,7

!/ A$/3=4( )4 &3%0,&', C )4 4,&'(.0', L34%$( C' =3C 0=#$%&'(&4,P

;$=$ A4=$,I B'//$%.' .$(,&0&3+' 3( #34%&$ )4 A0,0&' )4 #%0=4% $%)4( )4/ &=$ )4 .%3.4%$I 4,#4.0'/=4(&4 9%0&K(0.$7 >'%'/4/'=4(&4I O'C N34 )4,&'.'% 4/ #',$/' 0,/' 4( 4/ 0(A04%($ )4 TW^U ' TW^[ )4 ^F7FFF 9%0&K(0.$,I '/$_')$, ,='C$%=4(&.',', C .O'/4&, 4( >'/=' C ,3, '/%4)4)$%4,7


44/153


&$(.4,I 4/ &3%0,=$ #%4)$=0('(&4 O'9+' ,0)$ 4/ )4 9'/(4'%0$I '/ /')$ )4/='% #4%$ ,0( 9'D$7

EA-' .%4.04(&4 ,'&3%'.02( )4 /' ;$,&' 813/ L%'(.4,' C /' ̀ 0A04%' 0&'/0'('C ,3 )4,#4%,$('/01'.02(7 B'//$%.' C /' .$,&' )4 S0%$(' H4( /' ;'&'Z/3(C' 4,#'D$/' =K, .4%.'(' ' c%'(.0'J ,4 .$(A0%&04%$( 4(&$(.4, 4()4,&0($, 4"2&0.$, .4%.'($,7

GA-$ 9'%'&$ N34 4%' A0A0% $ .$=#%'% 3( &4%%4($ 4( /' 0,/'7 >4%.C M'"Z Z

)4 !0A0,,' 3( &%$1$ )4 >'%'+,$ )$()4 ,4 #$)+' A0A0% .$( '#4(', YF.4(&'A$, )4 )2/'% '/ )+'7

!/ )4,#4%&'% &3%+,&0.$ #4%$ ($ O3904%' ,0)$ #$,09/4 ,0( 4/ 0(&4%d, )4 /' &3%+,&0.' 0(&4%('.0$('/ C ,3, .$/'9$%')$%4, 4( /', 0,/',7 8,+I B'//$%.' C !0A0,,' ,4.$(A04%&4( 4( $9_4&0A$ )4 0=#$%&'(&4, #%$C4.&$, &3%+,&0.$, =3C 'A'(1')d#$.'7 !/ =K, )4,&'.')$ 4, 4/ )4 /' .%4'.02(I ' #'%&0% )4 TW^Î )4 3( .$=#/4_$ )4=K, )4 EFF .O'/4&, .$( .'=#$ )4 ?$/LI #34%&$ #'%' C'&4, C '4%2)%$=$ 0(./30)$, 4

4=#%4,'%0'/ /$.'/ )$=0(')$ #$% 4/ .$(&%'9'()0,&' )4 L'=' 0(&4%('.0$('/ 53'( B'%.O

Z

3(' (34A' .'%%4&4%' )4 '..4,$ #%$#$%.0$(')$ ?%'.0$,'=4(&4 #$% #%$O$=9%4, &3%0,=$ 0(,3/'%4, '(,0$,$, #$% A'/$%01'% /' #'%.4/'.02(7 :0=3/&K(4'=4(&4I ,4 '93(' /+(4' 'd%4' B'%,4//'Z8%?4/ .$( #'%')' 4( 8/.a)0'7 !/ )4/4?')$ 4( B'//$%.' )4

TWÊJ %4.$=4()'9' =04(&%', &'(&$ #$(4% 3( .'=#$ )4 ?$/L #'%' N34 ,4 )0,#'%'%/', A4(&', )4 #'%.4/',7

!(&%4 TWÊ C TW^G /' #'%.4/'.02( C 3%9'(01'.02( )4 '=#/0', 1$(', .$,&4%', )4B'//$%.' H4,#4.0'/=4(&4 4( /', 9'O+', )4 >'/=' C 8/.a)0'J L34 4,#4.&'.3/'%7 c%3&$)4/ .'=90$ )4 #%$#04)') )4 934(' #'%&4 )4 4,&$, &4%%4($, )4 3(' '%0,&$.%'.0' 4()4)')' C ,4(0/ ' L'A$% )4 =$)4%($, 4=#%4()4)$%4, .'#0&'/0,&', ,0( )4=',0')$, 4,.%aZ


45/153


B$('%N3+' C )4 /' #%$#0' ̀ 4#a9/0.' #$% L'A$%4.4% /' '&%'..02( )4 &3%0,&', #'%' ,'/' 4.$($=+' C =4_$%'% /' .'#'.0)') 0(A4%,$%' )4/ 4,&')$I 4( %4'/0)') /' 0=#/'(&'.02()4/ &3%0,=$ 4( 6'/4'%4, L34 )4,)4 4/ #%0(.0#0$ 3( ',3(&$ ,3,&%'+)$ ' /' .$,' #a9/0.'7

,04=#%4 4( ='($, )4 'A41')$, O$=9%4, )4 (4?$.0$, .$( .$(&'.&$, 0(&4%('.0$('/4,I #%$&4?0)$, #$% /', '/&', 4,L4%', )4 /' 8)=0(0,&%'.02(7

50: OPERACIÓN TURISMO

-' )d.')' 9d/0.' N34 A0$ '.$(&4.4% /' S34%%' ;0A0/ 4,#'D$/' CI _3,&$ )4,#3d,I /' :4Z?3()' S34%%' B3()0'/I .$%&'%$( )4 %'+1 /' 4"#'(,02( &3%+,&0.'7 -', 6'/4'%4, A0A0%$( /' 4&'#' =K, )3%' )4 ,3 O0,&$%0' =$)4%(' C ' /' 4"&%4=' #4(3%0' )4 /' ='C$%,4 3(02 3( (34A$ .0./$ =0?%'&$%0$ O'.0' 8=d%0.' -'&0(' 4,#4.0'/=4(&47 -' )0.&')3%')4 c%'(.$ ,3#3,$ 3( 4($%=4 %4&%$.4,$ 4( .'/0)') )4 A0)' )4 934(' #'%&4 )4 ,3, ,a9Z)0&$,7 8 =0&') )4 /$, [FI #$% 4_4=#/$I /' '#$%&'.02( )4 .'/$%+', C #%$&4+(', 4%' 0(L4%0$% '/ =+(0=$ %4.$=4()')$ #$% /$, 4"#4%&$, 4( (3&%0.02(7 !/ .$(,3=$ 4(4%.$ #4% .K#0&' 4%' TF A4.4, 0(L4%0$% '/ ,301$7 ;/'%$ N34 /$, &%'9'_')$%4, C &%,'/+'( 3( [Fr =K, 4( TWUX N34 '/ 4=#41'% 4/ ?$/#4 )4 4,&')$ )4 TW^G|

!/ L%'.',$ )4 /$, #%$C4.&$, )4 0()3,&%0'/01'.02( )4 9',4 L',.0,&' H' 0='?4( )4 /$, #34,&$, 4( ='%.O' #$% B3,,$/0(0 C m0&/4%I /$, '(&0?3$, .'='%')', )4 c%'(.$J #$%L'/&' )4 ='&4%0', #%0=', CI ,$9%4 &$)$I )4 )0A0,', .$( N34 #'?'%/', //4A'%$( #%K.&=4(&4 '/ .$/'#,$ )4/ %d?0=4(I 4/ .3'/ O'9+' ,0)$ .$()4(')$ '/ '0,/'=04(&$ 4( TWUG #$% /' ]Vh7 !( #/4(' S34%%' c%+'I 4/ )0.&')$% _3?2 ,3, .'%&', #%'?=K&0.'=4(&4)0$ 3( ?0%$ &3%+,&0.$7

>$% %'1$(4, )4 ,3#4%A0A4(.0'I c%'(.$ %$=#02 .$( ,3 $%&$)$"0' 4.$(2=0.' 9'Z

0(,&'(.0'I /' '#4%&3%' ' /' //4?')' )4 &3%0,&', 43%$#4$, C ($%&4'=4%0.'($,I C' N'#$%&'9'( )0A0,', A0&'/4, #'%' /' 0=#$%&'.02( )4 ='&4%0', #%0=', C '/0=4(&$,7 4,&' #%0=4%' )d.')'I &'(&$ 6'/4'%4, ,4 .$(A0%&02 4( 4/ 93N34 0(,0?(0' )4 3(' !,#'D'


46/153


(4?%' N34 N34%+' =4_$%'% ,3 0='?4( 0(&4%('.0$('/7 8,+I B'//$%.' L34 $9_4&$ )=4%$,', A0,0&', )4 '/&$, )0?('&'%0$, ($%&4'=4%0.'($, C 9%0&K(0.$, ',+ .$=$ )4 '%=')', 0=#4%0'/4,7 8/ =4($, )4, )4/ A4%'($ )4 TWUX /' b@~ c/$&' ($%&4'=4%0.'O'.+' #'%')' 4( >'/='7 -' '#$&4$,0, ,4%K 4( _3/0$ )4 TW[GI 4( #/4(' .%0,0, )4 O34/?',.$(&%' /' \0.&')3%' 4( /', 3(0A4%,0)')4, 4,#'D$/',I .3'()$ ̀ 0.O'%) V0"$(I 4(&$(.4,A0.4#%4,0)4(&4 .$( !0,4(O$R4%I A0,0&2 !,#'D' )4 %4?%4,$ )4 3( A0'_4 '


47/153


/' 4.$($=+' &3%+,&0.'7 >$% $&%$I N34 /', &%'9', 93%$.%K&0.', ' /' 0(A4%,02( 4%4&%'_4,4( 0=#$%&'(&4, 0(C4..0$(4, )4 .'#0&'/ L$%K(4$ 0=#%4,.0()09/4, #'%' 1'% C )4,'%%$//'% &3%+,&0.'=4(&4 '=#/0', 1$(', )4/ '%.O0#0d/'?$7 8a( ',+I 4( TW4/ a/&0=$ 'D$ '(&4, )4 /' %4L$%=' =$(4&'%0' C /' )4A'/3'.02( H/$ N34 O$C )4($=

#$% &3%0,=$ .39%+'( .4%.' )4 3( &4%.0$ )4 /', 0=#$%&'.0$(4, C 4N30A'/+'( ' =K

,3#$(+'( 4/ ^r )4 /' %4(&' )0%4.&' )4 &$)' !,#'D'7 B'//$%.' '#$%&'9' ($ =4($, )4/TFr )4 /$, 0(?%4,$, &3%+,&0.$, &$&'/4,I 3(' %4(&'90/0)') N34 N30(&3#/0.'9' ,3

60-70: EL BOOM

>34)4 )4.0%,4 N34 .',0 &$)', /', )4.0,0$(4, 4,&%'&d?0.', ,$9%4 4/ L3&3%$ )4 /', 6'/4%4, O',&' /' '.&3'/0)') ,4 &$='%$( 4( 4/ N30(N34(0$ TW[WZTWGU7 !( 4,' d#$.' O33(' '/0'(1' )4 =a/&0#/4, 0(&4%4,4, N34 //4A2 ' 3(' '#34,&' &3%+,&0.' =K"0=' C ,0( L%

/' ',.4(,02( '/ #$)4% 4,&'&'/ )4 3( (34A$ 4,&'=4(&$ )4 &4.(2.%'&', =$)4%($, '&4(&$,=K, '/ #%'?='&0,=$ /094%'/ N34 ' /' ,0=9$/$?+' )4 /' S34%%' ;0A0/I 4(.'941')$, #$%B'(34/ c%'?' @%09'%(4I N34 )4,)4 4/ A4%'($ )4 TWGE ,4 .$(A0%&02 4( B0(0,&%L$%='.02( C /'( )4 !,&'90/01'.02( HTW[WJI N34 %4A0,2 4/ .'=90$ )0A0,', ,$9%4 /' 9',4 )4 ,0&3'% '/ )2/'% ' GF #4,4&', H&%', 3(' )4A'/3'.02( )4 /' =$Z(4)' 4,#'D$/' )4/ UErJ7 :3 0=#'.&$ L34 0(=4)0'&$P 4/ #%0=4% 'D$ )4 '#/0.'.02(I 4(TW[WI /$, 0(?%4,$, #$% )0A0,', =K, N34 )3#/0.'%$( /$, )4/ 'D$ #%4.4)4(&4| ;$( 3('


48/153


#%$C4..02( ' =4)0$ #/'1$I 4/ 6'(.$ @(&4%('.0$('/ )4 `4.$(,&%3..02( C c$=4(&$)0.&2 4( TWGE ,3 %4.4&' ' !,#'D' #'%' 4N30/09%'% ,3 9'/'(1' )4 #'?$,I 4( 3( L'=$,$

z -' 0=#$%&'(.0' )4 3( #%$?%'=' ?/$9'/ )4 )4,'%%$//$ )4 /' 4"#$%&'.02(7 z !/ #'#4/ A0&'/ )4/ &3%0,=$ .$=$ L'.&$% )4 4N30/09%0$7 z -' (4.4,0)') )4 '&%'4% 3(' ='C$% 4(&%')' )4 .'#0&'/ #%0A')$ #%$.4Z)4(&4 )4/ 4"&%'(_4%$7

:0 ,4 /$?%',4 3( #%$?%4,$ %'1$('9/4 4( 4,$, #3(&$,I ,4%+' #$,09/4 0=#$%&'%.'(&0)') ,3,&'(.0'/=4(&4 ='C$% )4/ 4N30#$ .'#0&'/I ) 4/', ='&4%0', #%0=', C )4 /$,

-' ,4?3()' C &4%.4%' %4.$=4()'.0$(4, #%$=$A+'( /' 4"#'(,02( &3%+,&0.' C /'.$(A4%,02( )4 !,#'D' 4( 3( #'%'+,$ 0(=$90/0'%0$7 \4,)4 4/ #3(&$ )4 A0,&' )4 /' %4'Z/0)')I L34%$( /', N34 &%03(L'%$(I =04(&%', N34 )4/ #%$?%'=' ?/$9'/ )4 4"#$%&'(3(.' =K, ,4 ,3#$7

>'3/ c7 ;%'0?I &d.(0.$ )4/ 6'(.$ B3()0'/I A0,&2 B'//$%.' 4( TWGF #$% 0(A0&'.02

@B@:8I #%$#04&'%0' )4 /' 3%9'(01'.02( 4( ;'/A0i )$()4 O'9+' (')')$ V0"$( 4( TW[G7;3%0$,'=4(&4I 4( TWG^ 4/ #%$#0$ 6'(.$ B3()0'/ '#$%&2 4/ .%d)0&$ (4.4,'%0$ #N34 /' #%0=4%' '3&$#0,&' )4 /', 6'/4'%4,I /' N34 .$(4.&' >'/=' .$( 4/ '4%$#34%&$ #3)04%' A4% /' /317 -/'=' /' '&4(.02( N34 L34%' 3($ )4 /$, &%4, N34 4/ 6'(.$ B3(Z)0'/ )4.0)04%' ,39A4(.0$('% )4 4(&%4 /,$ =a/&0#/4, #%$#34,&'$, 4( 4/ >%0=4% >;'%%4&4%', )4/ c%'(N30,=$7

c0('/=4(&4I ' (0A4/ /$.'/ .$(A4%?4( 4( /' #%4,02( ' L'A$% )4 /' =K"0=' 4"#'(,02(&3%+,&0.' 4 0(=$90/0'%0' )$, '.&$%4, ./'A4P 3(' (34A' .'#' )4 &4.(2.%'&', H0(?4(04'%N30&4.&$,I 4.$($=0,&',J N34 A4( 4( /' &3%0,&01'.02( /' $#$%&3(0)') )4 ',.4(,$.0'/ C #%$L4,0$('/j ',+ .$=$ 3( ,4?=4(&$ )4/ A04_$ L'/'(?0,=$ /0?')$ ' /' 4,#4Z.3/'.02( 0(=$90/0'%0'I 4/ ,0()0.'/0,=$ L'/'(?0,&' 4( 4/ ,4.&$% )4 /' .$(,&%3..02( C


49/153


'/ '#'%'&$ )4 #%$#'?'()'7 ;$( 4/ 94(4#/K.0&$ &K.0&$ )4 4(&0)')4, 9'(.'%0', /$.'/4,/0?')', ' #$)4%$,$, 0(&4%4,4, .'.0N30/4, H/' 6'(.' B'%.O C 4/ 6'(.$ )4 ;%d)0&$6'/4'% .$( 9',4 4( B'//$%.' C /' 6'(.' 894/ B'&3&4,I 4( !0A0,,'JI ,4 .$(,$/0)2 3( #$)4%$,+,0=$ /$99C )4,'%%$//0,&' 4( =3C #$.$ &04=#$7

n;3K/4, L34%$( ,3, #%0$%0)')4,o >%4.0,'=4(&4 /', N34 =4($, ,4 A4+'(I #4%$ N.$()0.0$('9'( &$)$ 4/ (4?$.0$7 !,&$ 4,P /', 0(L%'4,&%3.&3%', C /' 4/0=0('.02( )4 .$(Z&%$/4, 93%$.%K&0.$, ' /' 0(A4%,02(7 !/ A$/3=4( )4 &3%0,&', 4=#41'9' ' ,4% & #$%&'(&4 N34 B'//$%.' ($ &4(+' .'#'.0)') )4 ,'&0,L'.4% ,3, (4.4,0)')4, 4( ',#4.&$,&'( 9K,0.$, .$=$ /' '.$?0)' 'd%4'I /' 4/4.&%0.0)')I 4/ '?3' $ 4/ &%'(,#$%&4 &4%%4,-' 0,/' ,4 4,&'9' N34)'()$ #4N34D' #'%' &'(&$ .%4.0=04(&$7 -' #%0$%0)')I #34,I L3'=#/0'% ,3 .'#'.0)') )4 .$(,3=$P

z !/ A4%'($ )4 TWGF ,4 '9%+' 4/ '(&0?3$ '4%$#34%&$ =0/0&'% )4 :$( :'(&

z !( ='C$ )4/ =0,=$ 'D$ 4/ #%$#0$ c%'(.$ 0('3?3%' /' (34A' .4(&%'/&d%=0.' )4 8/.a)0' C ,4 #%4Ad /' 0(,&'/'.02( 4( /' 9'O+' )4 >'/=' )4$&%' .4(&%'/ ' #'%&0% )4 TWG^ H/' L3&3%' &d%=0.' )4/ ;$// )e4( `'9',,'JI _3,&$ )4/'(&4 )4 /', #,0&', )4/ '4%$#34%&$ )4 >'/=' #'%' ($ #4%)4% &4Z%%4($, )4 3,$ &3%+,&0.$ 4( /' 1$('7 !( .$(_3(&$I /' #$&4(.0' 0(,&'/')'4( 6'/4'%4, ,4 N30(&3#/0.2 4(&%4 TW[X C TWGU7

z !/ '?3' 4=#412 ' 4,.',4'% ' #%0(.0#0$, )4 /$, 'D$, GF7 !( /$, 9'%%0$, #$9%4, )4 /' .'#0&'/I ,4 %'.0$('9' C 4%' )4 ='/' .'/0)')I ,4 4,&'9/4.023(' &'%0L' )4 =+(0=$, N34 L'A$%4.+' 4/ .$(,3=$ )4 /$, %0.$,I =04(&%',,4 )'9' #%0$%0)') '/ '9',&4.0=04(&$ )4 /$, 9'%%0$, &3%+,&0.$,7 8 )0L4Z%4(.0' )4 /$, .',$, '(&4%0$%4,I O'9%K N34 4,#4%'% ' #%0(.0#0$, )4 /$, XF #'%' N34 .$(,&%3C'( )$, ?%'()4, 4=9'/,4, 4( /' :4%%' )4


50/153


;'/A0i7 m'.0' TWXFI &%4, .3'%&', #'%&4, )4/ &3%0,=$ //4?')$ ' B'//$%Z.' ,4 '/$_'( 4( 4/ 4_4 ,e8%4('/Z>'/='Z;'/A0i7 !/ [^r )4 /' #$9/'.02(4,&'9/4 A0A4 &'=90d( '//+I 3(' .0L%' ,4(,09/4=4(&4 ,3#4%0$% ' /' )4 /')d.')' '(&4%0$%7

8 4,&4 .$=9'&4 #$% /', 0(L%'4,&%3.&3%',I ,4 3(04%$( )$, 0(,&%3=4(&$, ./'A

>%$A0(.0'/ )4 '%'/4/'=4(&4I 4/ 4,&')$ 4=#412 ' _3?'% 3( #'#4/ '.&0A$I L34%&4I 4( /' &3%

)4 TW[GI C )4,#3d,I ?%'.0', ' c%'?'I .$( ,3 '=#/0'.02( ' .$(,&%3..0$(4, ($ 4,&%0.Z&'=4(&4 O$&4/4%',I 4/ c%'(N30,=$ 0=#3/,2 )3%'(&4 4/ #%0=4% 9$$= /' .%4'.0(3=4%$,', #/'1', )4 3,$ &3%+,&0.$7 !( 4/ .',$ )4/ ,4.&$% O$&4/4%$I L34 ./'A4 4(L$%='.02( )4 .',0 3(' .3'%&' #'%&4 )4 /' #/'(&' 4"0,&4(&4 4( TWGE7 !( #$.$, 'D$,I

,3,&0&30%K( '/ 4,&')$ 4( /' L'.0/0&'.02( )4 .%d)0&$, #'%' /' .$(,&%3..02( )4 '/$


51/153


=04(&$ A'.'.0$('/ 4( 6'/4'%4,I ')4/'(&'()$ )0(4%$ ' .'=90$ )4 ?'%'(&+', )4 #%4.0$,.'3&0A$, 4( /$, L3&3%$, 4,&'9/4.0=04(&$,7 !,&$ .$=#$%&2 3(' 0(C4..02( =',0A'

Z G7

3%9'(01'.02(I ,4 %4'/01'( )$, =K,I 4( 3( .0./$ )4 .%4.0=04(&$ ,0( L%4($7 ;$/$(01')'0(.0#04(&4=4(&4 /' 0,/' ='C$%I ,4 '9%4 /' A4)' #'%' /' &3%0,&01'.02( )4 !0A0,,'I N

)4/ '4%$#34%&$ 4( TWG^7 !, ',+ .$=$ ,4 #',' )4 ^XT7YYE &3%0,&', 4( TWGF ' UI^(4, 4( TWX^7 -$ =K, %4,4D'9/4 4, /' '#%$9'.02( 4( TWX^I 4( #/4($ c%'(N30,=$ 'a(I)4/ >/'( >%$A0(.0'/ )4 ]%)4('.02( )4 6'/4'%4, N34 0(&%$)3_$ /', #%0=4%', %4,&%0

'D$I N34 O01$ A0,/3=9%'% N34 4/ =$)4/$ &3%+,&0.$ )4 =',', ($ )3%'%+' ,04=#%H7

80-90: CÁNCER INMOBILIARIO EINTERNACIONALIZACIÓN

!/ ')A4(0=04(&$ )4 /' )4=$.%'.0' HTWXYJ C 4/ $&$%?'=04(&$ )4 /' '3&$($=+' %4('/ 4( ='&4%0', .$=$ 4/ &3%0,=$ $ /' $%)4('.02( )4/ &4%%0&$%0$ HTWY^JI ($ ,3(0(?3(' %3#&3%' .$( /' )0(K=0.' L%4(d&0.' '(&4%0$%7 !( %4'/0)')I 6'/4'%4, ,4 ,0?33%9'(01'()$ ' &$)' =KN30('I ,2/$ N34 ' /' /$.$=$&$%' O$&4/4%' /4 4=#412 ' ,'/0% 3L34%&4 .$=#4&0)$%P /', #%$=$.0$(4, 0(=$90/0'%0', /0?')', '/ '&%'.&0A$ #'0,'_+C &3%+,&0.$7 V'&3%'/=4(&4I ,0?304%$( .$/$(01K()$,4 #/'C',I 4(&4()0)', .$=$ A

3(' .%4.04(&4 .$(.04(.0' .03)')'(' )4/ A'/$% )4/ #'0,'_4 C /' L%'?0/0)') '=904(&'/

^ c%'(1 5$,4L :&%'3,,I .$($.0)$ #$% &4(4% '=0?$, ('10, $ .$(&%'9'()0,&', )4 '%=', $ 3/&%'.$(,4%A')$%4,

.$(,4%A')$%4, C ,$.0'/)4=2.%'&', 4( /' `c8 HTWGGZTWGWJ7 \4 '.34%)$ .$( 53%)'$ HTWWFJI 4(&%4 ,3, /$?%$, )

U 6/i1N341 C $&%$, HEFFEJ #%$#$%.0$('( /' =4_$% 4"#/0.'.02( 4( &d%=0($, )4 ,$,&4(090/0)') '=904(&'/ C ,$.0


52/153


)4 /', 0,/',7 :0( 4=9'%?$I )4,)4 4/ #3(&$ )4 A0,&' )4/ /$99C &3%+,&0.$I ($ O39$ #'%2( '#%4.0'9/4I ' #4,'% )4 /', 4#0,2)0.', )4%%$&', N34 09'( ,3L%04()$ ' %'+1 )4 / #%$&4..02( /4?'/ )4 OK90&'&, C #'%'_4, 4=9/4=K&0.$, )490)$ ' 3(' #%$&4,&' 4.$/$.')' A41 =K, 4"&4()0)'7 -' =K, //'='&0A' L34 /' '#%$9'.02( 4( 4(4%$ )4 TWWT )4/' //'=')' -4C )4 !,#'.0$, V'&3%'/4,I N34 4"./3+' )4 /' 3%9'(01'.02( 4/ UFr )4 /'

Z 90/0)') '=904(&'/7

-' 0()3,&%0'I .$(,.04(&4 )4/ '?$&'=04(&$ )4/ =$($.3/&0A$ )4 ?%'()4, O$&4/4, 4 (-;%/0* 5**) I 4=Z

#412 ' .$(,&%30% &'=90d( =',0A'=4(&4 '#'%&'=4(&$, )4 3,$ &3%+,&0.$I =3.O4//$, 0/4?'/4,I 4( ,4?3()', C &4%.4%', /+(4', )4 /$, (a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

m'.4 EF 'D$,I 4( TWYGI C )4 /' ='($ )4/ ,$.0'/0,&' S$(1K/41I !,#'D' 4(&%2 4( /';$=3(0)') !.$(2=0.' !3%$#4' HO$C h(02( !3%$#4'J7 !,&$ ='%.2 3(' '3&d(&0.'.4,3%' 4( /' )0(K=0.' )4 /' 0()3,&%0' C 4/ ,4.&$% &3%+,&0.$ 4 0(=$90/0'%0$7 c3()&'/=4(&4I .$(A0%&02 ' /' .03)')'(+' )4 $&%$, 4,&')$, =04=9%$, 4( 0?3'/4, 4( '/?3($,)4%4.O$, .0A0/4, ' /' .03)')'(+'I .$=$ 4/ )4%4.O$ )4 %4,0)4(.0' C )4 &%'9'_$7 !//$,3#$(+' 3( 0(.4(&0A$ ./'%$ ' /' 4=0?%'.02( '/ ,3% =4)0&4%%K(4$ 4,#'D$/ #'%' '=#/0.'#', )4 _390/')$, C _2A4(4, #%$L4,0$('/4, )4/ ($%&4 )4 !3%$#'7 \4,?%'.0')'=4(&4I

Z

Z.'(0,=$ )4 #%$&4..02( ,$9%4 /' A4(&' )4 0(=349/4, C #%$#04)')4, ' .03)')'($,s', #%$A4(04(&4, )4 $&%$, 4,&')$,I .$=$ ,+ 4"0?02W'/.).&3. I 4/ 0=#'.&$ ,$9%4 L%K?0/4,


53/153


%4?0$(4, =4)0&4%%K(4', )$%')', #$% 4/ ,$/ C .$( 3(' 4.$($=+' =3C ='%.')' C' #$%/' .$(,&%3..02( C 4/ &3%0,=$ &4()%+' .$(,4.34(.0', )%'=K&0.',7

>%349' )4 4//$ 4, N34 #$.$, 'D$, )4,#3d,I )4,)4 #%0(.0#0$, )4 /$, WFI 4./$,0$(2 Z

=K, )4 /' O$&4/4%+' C /$, '#'%&'=4(&$, C 3%9'(01'.0$(4, /0&$%'/4,I &$)$ 4/ 0(&4/' 0,/'I )4 #'0,'_4 =4)0&4%%K(4$ C 4.$($=+' '?%'%0' C ?'(')4%'I 4, ','/&')$ #$% 0((3Z=4%'9/4, #%$C4.&$, 0(=$90/0'%0$, )4 /$ =K, )0A4%,$I )4,)4 3%9'(01'.0$(4, .$( .'=Z #$ )4 ?$/L O',&' #'%N34, &4=K&0.$,I #','()$ #$% 3( )4(,$ 4,&'9/4.0=04(&$ )4 .O'/4C '#'%&'=4(&$, )0,#4%,$,7 B'//$%.' C /', >0&0•,4, H!0A0,,' C c$%=4(&4%'J ,4 $L%.$=$ /3?'% 0)4'/ #'%' &4(4% 3(' ,4?3()' $ &4%.4%' %4,0)4(.0' #'%' =0//$('%0$, C _390/')$, 4 0(./3,$ #'%' 4,&'9/4.4% 4/ )$=0.0/0$ L'=0/0'% #'%' _2A4(4, #%$L4,0$(

)4/ ($%&4 )4 !3%$#'I /$, .3'/4, N34)'(' )$, O$%', )4 A34/$ )4 ,3, .4(&%$, )4&%'9'_$ C #34)4( #','% )$, $ &%4, )+', #$% ,4='(' .$( ,3 L'=0/0' 4( /', 6'Z/4'%4,7 -' #%$#34,&' ,39C'.4(&4 4, /'.$(A4%,02( )4 6'/4'%4, 4( 3(' c/$%0)' #'%' _2A4(4, C _390/')$, )4/ ($%&4 )4!3%$#'I .$( 3(' '=#/0' $L4%&' )4 0(ZA4%,02( 0(=$90/0'%0' C .$( 3( (0A4/ )4

4( 4/ .'#+&3/$ ,4?3()$I 4/ %4,3/&')$ 4,

4.$(2=0.'I ,$.0'/ C .3/&3%'/ $.3%%0)'

(3(.' 4( /', 6'/4'%4, C O' ,3#34,&$ 4/ #',$ )4 3(' ,$.04)') #4%0Ld%0.' .$( )d90/HB'//$%.'J $ (3/' &%')0.02( 0()3,&%0'/ H!0A0,,' C c$%=4(&4%'J O'.0' /' =K, 4"&%=$)4%(0)') #$,0()3,&%0'/7

8O$%' 904(I L34 &'=90d( 4( 4,&' d#$.' N34 /' 0()3,&%0' &3%+,&0.' /$.'/ ,'/&2

=3()$7

La cláusula danesaLa adhesión de Dinamarca a la CEEcontenía un anexo especíco (el Protocolo14) para impedir que su territorio pudieraser comprado masivamente por sus

vecinos del Sur, los alemanes. Estaclausula de salvaguardia fue respetadatambién en 1993 al entrar en vigor elTratado de Mastricht por el cual nacía laactual Unión Europea.


54/153


!/ #%0=4% ,'/&$ /$ )04%$( O'.0' ;'('%0',I 4/ $&%$ '%.O0#0d/'?$ 4,#'D$/7 >$% , &4%%0&$%0$ #4(0(,3/'% )4 !,#'D'JI 4/ '%.O0#0d/'?$ .'('%0$ O' ?$1')$ &%')0.0$('/=

Z 4(&%')' 4( /' h!I ;'('%0', ='(&3A$ 3( .3')%$ )4 .$()0.0$(4, =3C A4(&'_$,', #'%'/' 0(A4%,02( &3%+,&0.' #%$A4(04(&4 &'(&$ )4/ %4,&$ )4 !,#'D' .$=$ )4 /$, 4,&/' ;!! ? )4/ %4,&$ )4/ &4%%0&$%0$ 4,&'&'/ 0()4#4()04(&4=4(&4I ')4=K,I )4 )$()4 4,&3

=3.O' L34%1' 4/ 9$$= %4,0)4(.0'/ &3%+,&0.$ 4( 6'/4'%4, C 4/ #%$)3.&$ O$&4/4%3( .%4.04(&4 %04,?$ )4 #d%)0)' )4 %4(&'90/0)')I ' #'%&0% )4 =0&') )4 /$, YFI 4=.$=$ `@hI 6'%.4/2 $ @94%$,&'% 4=#041'( ' )4,A0'% ,3, 0(A4%,0$(4, ' ;'('%0',I /'

@b8 %4)3.0)$ #$% ,3, 4,#4.0'/4, %4/'.0$(4, O0,&$%0.', .$( `40($ )4 !,#'D' 7


55/153


;'#+&3/$ U

MISIÓN:TURISTIZAR EL MUNDO

\ 4,)4 /' )d.')' )4 /$, XFI /' 4.$($=+' =3()0'/ .$($.4 3( #%$.4,$I .')' A41=K, '.4/4%')$I )4 )4,%4?3/'.02( 4 0(&4%%4/'.02( &%'(,L%$(&4%01'7 !, 3( L4(($ '9,$/3&'=4(&4 %4A$/3.0$('%0$ C N34 ,$/4=$, .$($.4% 9'_$ )4($=0('.0$(4, '=90Z

ZL4,&'.0$(4, =K, '.3,')', )4 4,&4 #%$.4,$ 4, /' 4/0=0('.02( ,$,&4(0)' )4 9'%%4%',I

Z

,$/3&'=4(&4 0(d)0&', 4( /' O0,&$%0' 4.$(2=0.'7

-' ?/$9'/01'.02( 4,I #34,I 3(' 4,&%'&4?0' )4 #$)4% )4 ='&%01 /094%'/I 9',')' 4(/' %4&0%')' )4/ !,&')$ 4( 3( ,4(&0Z)$ =3C '=#/0$ H0(./3C4()$ &$)',/', 8)=0(0,&%'.0$(4,I /$, ,4%A0.0$, %4?3/'.0$(4, /'9$%'/4,I 4&.J C N34 #0A$&' ,$9%4 /' L$%&'/41' C L34%1'

4=#%4,', &%'(,('.0$('/4, H!


56/153


,4 O' .$(A4%&0)$ 4( 4/ ,4.&$% 4,&%4//' )4 /' (34A' 4,&%3.&3%' 4.$(2=0.' )4/ =3(\4,)4 TWYF ,3 A'/$% '9,$/3&$ ,4 O' .3')%3#/0.')$ C C' %4#%4,4(&' .4%.' )4/ EFr )4/.$=4%.0$ &$&'/D7

MALABARISMOS ESTADÍSTICOS


57/153


!( 4,&4 4,.4('%0$I O'C N34 %4.$%)'% N34 /' @\! ./K,0.' #%4,4(&' )$, .'%'.&4%.',P /' &%'(,L4%4(.0' )4 #4%,$('/ C %4.3%,$, ='&4%0'/4, HL3()'=4(&'/=4(&4 .'#0&&4.($/$?+'J ',+ .$=$ 4/ .$(&%$/ )4 /' #%$#04)')7

;$=$ ,'94=$,I /' 0()3,&%0' &3%+,&0.' C %4,0)4(.0'/ .$(,&0&3C4 3(' )4 /', =K, 4"0&$,', )4 /' ?/$9'/01'.02( /094%'/7 >%4.0,'=4(&4 3(' )4 ,3, ='C$%4, #'%&0.3/'%0)')4,4, N34 ,4 0(&4%('.0$('/01' #'%' #%$#$%.0$('% ,4%A0.0$, 4( .3'/N304% /3?'% )4/ =' /$, =0,=$, .$(,3=0)$%4, N34 &04(4 4( ,3 &4%%0&$%0$ )4 $%0?4( 4( /3?'% )4 .%4'% 3( .$(,3=$ /$.'/ )4 ,3, #%$)3.&$,7 !, )4.0%I A4%&49%' 3( .$(_3(&$ )4 #%$)3&$, C ,4%A0.0$, 4(&$%($ ' ,3 %4./'=$ N34 A'( ' ,4% .$(,3=0)$, #$% 3(' .'#' .')'A41 =K, O$=$?d(4' )4 .$(,3=0)$%4, %0.$, )4/ >/'(4&'I .%4'()$ 3(' #/'&'L$%=' )4(4?$.0$ 0)4'/ #'%' ?4(4%'% ./a,&4%, )4 '/&$ %4()0=04(&$ 4.$(2=0.$7

>$% 4//$I 4, 4A0)4(&4 /' .%4.04(&4 0=#$%&'(.0' 4,&%'&d?0.' )4/ ,4.&$% O$&&%$ )4 /' 4,&%3.&3%' 4.$(2=0.' 0(&4%('.0$('/ #$% ,3 ,0(4%?0' .$( $&%', 0()3,

Z.0$(4, C /', 0(=$90/0'%0',JI N34 O'.4( )4/ 4,&'9/4.0=04(&$ O$&4/4%$ 3( 0=K( #'%?/$9'/01'.02( )4 (34A', 1$(', C #'+,4,7

c34(&4P !/'9$%'.02( #%$#0' ' #'%&0% )4 p3()3I :7 HTWWUJ7

LÍNEAS AEREAS INMOBILIARIAS

FINANZAS TELECOMUNICACIONES

TURISMO

HOTEL


58/153


O4.O$ N34 /' 0()3,&%0' #%4,3=' )4 ,3 .$(&%093.02( '/ )4,'%%$//$ )4 =3.O$, #'+,4, (0()3,&%0'/01')$,7 h( 934( 4_4=#/$I /$ .$(,&0&3C4 /' ,0?304(&4 &'9/' ,$9%4 /$, EF ,4, ,39)4,'%%$//')$, .$( ='C$% #4,$ )4/ &3%0,=$ 4( ,3 4.$($=+' 4( /' #',')')d.')'P

c34(&4P `$4 C $&%$, HEFFUJ7

Contribucióndel turismo alPIB 1990 %)

Contribucióndel turismo al

1999 (%)

Crecimientoen el PIB

1990-1999(%)

% decobertura de

exportaciones1999

1 Maldivas 72,8 % 87,7 % 20,5 % 74,3 %

2 Anguilla 82,0 % 71,1 % -13,3 % 50,9 %

3 Santa Lucía 52,0 % 59,2 % 13,7 % 65,6 %

4 Seychelles 54,0 % 49,2 % -8,9 % 41,2 %

5 Vanuatu 32,3 % 41,2 % 27,5 % 47,5 %

6 Barbados 41,0 % 41,2 % 0,4 % 50,4 %

7 San Vicente y las Grenadillas 34,4 % 33,1 % -3,8 % 45,1 %

8 Jamaica 28,3 % 31,5 % 11,1 % 43,7 %

9 St. Kitts y Nevis 48,8 % 30,9 % -36,8 % 50,2 %

10 Resto Oceanía 22,8 % 29,3 % 28,8 % 47 %

11 Fiji 22,4 % 27,7 % 23,7 % 35,3 %

12 Granada 27,0 % 26,4 % -2,4 % 40,8 %

13 Belice 21,1 % 26,2 % 24,2 % 32,2 %

14 Mauricio 22,6 % 24,4 % 8,1 % 31,8 %

15 Dominica 17,5 % 24,2 % 38,3 % 36,8 %

16 República Dominicana 20,2 % 23,6 % 16,8 % 33,9 %

17 Jordania 27,2 % 22,6 % -17,0 % 35,2 %

18 Kiribati 17,9 % 21,0 % 17,1 % 15,4 %

19 Bahrein 6,3 % 16,9 % 169,8 % 16,6 %

20 Tunicia 16,4 % 16,1 % -2,0 % 22,9 %


59/153


>$% ,0 L34%' #$.$I .3'()$ ($, '.4%.'=$, ' /' .$=#%4(,02( )4 /$ N34 %4#%4,4(&'4/ &3%0,=$ 4( 4,&' 4,&%'&4?0' )4 ?/$9'/01'.02( )494=$, &4(4% 4( .34(&' 3(', )0=4,0$(4, N34 ,34/4( #','% ,$%#%4()4(&4=4(&4 )4,'#4%.090)', 4( 4/ )0,.3%,$ 4.$(2=0.$

z h(' 934(' #'%&4I ,0 ($ /' ='C$%I )4 /', $#4%'.0$(4, )4 &3%0,=$ &%'(,Z

@\!I =3.O$ =K, 0()0%4.&',7 >34)4( ,4% L%'(N30.0',I /0.4(.0',I '/0'(Z1', 4,&%'&d?0.',I _$0(&ZA4(&3%4,I ,39.$(&%'&'.0$(4,I|

z m'C 3( 0=#$%&'(&4 A$/3=4( )4 0(A4%,0$(4, N34 ,4 ='&4%0'/01'( ' &%'Z

'.&$%4, )4 4,&', $#4%'.0$(4,7

!.$($=0,&', '=904(&'/4, .$=$ ;'%#0(&4%$I !.O4A4%%+' C V'%4)$ O'( //'=')$/' '&4(.02( ,$9%4 4/ 4,#4.&'.3/'% 0(.%4=4(&$ )4 /' 0(A4%,02( 4"&%'(_4%' 4( .'%

=$A0=04(&$, )4 .'#0&'/ ' .$%&$ #/'1$ H#$%4_4=#/$I .$/$.'.0$(4, 4( .34(&', 9'(.'%0',4( )0A0,', '.%4)0&')',J O'9%+'( .%4.0)$ ' 3('&',' =4)0' '(3'/ )4/ EFr 4( 4/ #%0=4% /3,&%$)4 /$, WFI )$9/'()$ /' )4 /' @\!7 8 )0L4%4(.0')4 d,&'I N34 #%4,4(&' 3(' &%'(,L4%4(.0' 0=Z #$%&'(&4 O'.0' 4/ :3% H.$=$ '.'9'=$, )4 A4%I.4%.' )4 3( &4%.0$ )4/ &$&'/JI /' 0(A4%,02( 4(.'%&4%' C ' .$%&$ #/'1$ ?4(4%' 3( ,'/)$ L'ZA$%'9/4 ' /$, #'+,4, )4/ V$%&47 >$% $&%$ /')$I,0 .$=#'%'=$, /$, %0&=$, )4 .%4.0=04(&$ )4

Z

4.$($=+' #%$)3.&0A'JI /' #%0=4%' O' .%4.0)$4/ &%0#/4 N34 /' ,4?3()'7 8)4=K,I 4/ #4,$ )4/$, 9'(.$, O' ,0)$ ,3#4%')$ #$% 4/ )4 '.&0A$,

ClústerEn el mundo de la economíay la empresa, es sinónimo deconcentración geogràca deindustrias y servicios, proveedoresy organizaciones asociadasen un campo de negocios. Sepresume que permiten incrementar

notablemente su competividadtanto a escala nacional comoglobal. Algunos ejemplos seríanSilicon Valley (California) yBangalore (India) para desarrollosinformáticos o Rotterdam comoplataforma portuaria europea.


60/153


(34A$, H9K,0.'=4(&4I L$()$, )4 0(A4%,02( C L$()$, )4 #4(,0$(4,J (4?$.0')$, 4( /$, E7

-2?0.'=4(&4I 4,&', ?%04&', )4 .$($.0=04(&$ ,$9%4 /' ,0(4%?0' 4(&%4 /' 4.$($=)4 .',0($I /' 4.$($=+' .%0=0('/ C /' 0()3,&%0' &3%+,&0.' C %4,0)4(.0'/ 0=#0)4( %4'/03( .K/.3/$ #%4.0,$ )4/ A$/3=4( )4/ (4?$.0$ &3%+,&0.$ %4,0)4(.0'/ ' 4,.'/' =3()0'/I

4, 4"&%'$%)0('%0'=4(&4 %4/4A'(&4I #$% ,3 ('&3%'/41' /0?4%' C ,3 )3.&0/0)') $%A'I 4, LK.0/ 4(&4()4% N34 4/ 0=#'.&$ %4'/ )4/ &3%0,=$ )494 ,4% 'a( 9',&'(&4 ='C

,$9%4 4/ 0()3,&%0'/7

70-80: LA HOTELERÍA COMO PARAÍSO DEINVERSIÓN FINANCIERA

B'0//'%) O' //'=')$ _3,&'=4(&4 /' '&4(.02( ,$9%4 4/ O4.O$ N34 4/ A4%)')4%$ ('.0Z=04(&$ )4 /' ?/$9'/01'.02( )494 93,.'%,4 4( /' )4.0,02( )4/ >%4,0)4(&4 V0"$( 4(

=$(4)' .$( 4,4 #$)4%7 8 #'%&0% )4 4(&$(.4,I 4/ ,0,&4=' =$(4&'%0$ 0(&4%('.0$('/O'.4 0(4,&'9/4 C /', )0A0,', #','( ' )4#4()4% 3(', )4 $&%', #'%' )4=$,&%'% ,3 A'/$%7!, 3(' d#$.' )$()4 O'C 3(' ,$9%4'93()'(.0' )4 )2/'%4, ($=0('/4, ,0( %4,#'/)$ )4

Z.02( C /' )4#%4.0'.02( /$.'/01K()$/$, 4( !3%$#' C 4/ 5'#2(7 >'%'/4/'=4(&4I '#'%4.4(/$, (34A$, #4&%$)2/'%4,I #%$)3.&$ )4 /', ?'('(.0', L'93/$,', )4 /' ='C$%+' )4 #'+,4,)4 /' ]>!> ' %'+1 )4 /' #%0=4%' .%0,0, 4(4%?d&0.' HTWX^J7

!( 4,&4 .$(&4"&$ )4 '93()'.0' )4 .'#0&'/4, 4( 93,.' )4 0(A4%,0$(4, %4(&'9/4,I /$, Z

3(' )4 /', &%'(,L$%='.0$(4, L3()'=4(&'/4, )4 /' ('&3%'/41' )4/ L4(2=4($ 0()3,&%0'/&3%+,&0.$7 :4 .$=90('9'( 'N3+ )$, (4.4,0)')4, L3()'=4(&'/4,P

E bd',4 ;'%#0(&4%$ C $&%$, HTWWWJ7


61/153


DA-' (4.4,0)') )4 ,4?3%0)') 4( /' 0(A4%,02( ' /'%?$ #/'1$ #$% #'%&4 )4

N34 4,&'9'( '.$,&3=9%')$, ' _3?K%,4/' 4( 4/ ,4.&$% 0(=$90/0'%0$7 @(Z

0(.4%&0)3=9%4 4.$(2=0.'7EA-' L'/&' )4 /0N30)41 0(A4%,$%' )4 =3.O', .$=#'D+', O$&4/4%',I C' N34

=3C '%%04,?')' C A$/3=0($,'7

-', #%$A0,02( )4 .'#0&'/ #'%' /' 4"#'(,02( O$&4/4%' )'9'I #34,I 3( )$9/4 )0A0)4(Z

Z.04%$, C .$(,&%3.&$%', =04(&%', N34 #'%' /$, O$&4/4%$, /4, #4%=0&+' #$(4% #/'(4, )4 4"#'(,02( 0=#4(,'9/4, #$.$ &04=#$ '&%K,7 !,&' .$/'9$%'.02( 4(&%4 =4%.'Z

)4 ?4,&02( '(&4 /' (4.4,0)') )4 #%4,4(&'% ' .$%&$ #/'1$ %4()0=04(&$, #'/#'9/4, '/ 0(ZA4%,$% 4"&4%($ C )0$ '/', ' 3(' 4"#'(,02( 0('3)0&' )4 /' $L4%&' O$&4/4%'7 ]9A0'=4

YF ,4 .%4'%$( X7FFF O$&4/4, .$( WFF7FFF O'90&'.0$(4, 4"./3,0A'=4(&4 4( 4/ 0)4/ &4%%0&$%0$ ('.0$('/7 ;$( 4($%=4, .'#0&'/4, L%4,.$, #%4,&')$,I 4%' &%4=4()LK.0/ .%4'% (34A$, O$&4/4, =04(&%', ,3 /$.'/01'.02( L34%' 0(&4%4,'(&47

>'%'/4/'=4(&4I )4 4,&' d#$.' )'&' /' 0=#%4,0$('(&4 O4?4=$(+' )4 /', .')4(',4,&')$3(0)4(,4, 4( 4/ .$(_3(&$ )4 /' O$&4/4%+' =3()0'/ N34 ,4 ='(&04(4 'a( O$C7 m'Z 9/'=$,I #$% 4_4=#/$I )4 m0/&$( m$&4/, ;$%#$%'&0$( C )4 /' .')4(' :O4%'&$(I ('.0)'

C N34 ,4 )4)0.'%$( ' .$=#%'% C A4()4% O$&4/4, ' .$%&$ #/'1$ 93,.'()$ /' =K"0='

Z

&$( 4=#41$ ' 0(A4%&0% 4( O$&4/4, 4( 8=d%0.' -'&0($ C 4( ]%04(&4 B4)0$ 4( /$GF C L34 /' #%0=4%' .')4(' N34 '9%02 3( O$&4/ 4( ;O0(' 4( TWY[7


62/153


4( /$, !h8 H/' =4)0' )4 $.3#'.02( 9'_2 '/ GFrJ C ' /' %4.4,02( ?4(4%'/7 -' #%0=4%'S34%%' )4/ S$/L$ HTWWTJ L34 4/ .'(&$ )4/ .0,(4 #'%' 4/ .0./$ 4"#'(,0A$ )4 /' O$&4($%&4'=4%0.'('7

GLOBAL STATES: MUNDIALIZACIÓN YRESIDENCIALIZACIÓN

0(A4%,02( #'%' /$, =4%.')$, )4 .'#0&'/4,7 8)4=K,I /' %4)3..02( )4 /' $.3#'.02(O$&4/4%' %4)3()2 4( 9'_$, #%4.0$, )4 /', O'90&'.0$(4,I /$ .3'/ .$=#$%&'9' =4($%4

Z=0($,$,7 >$% &$)$ 4//$I _3(&$ ' (34A', %4?3/'.0$(4, )4/ ,4.&$% 0(=$90/0'%0$

0(A4%,0$(4, 4,.',427

!,&' .$C3(&3%' 4( 4/ #%0(.0#'/ =4%.')$ )4 $L4%&' O$&4/4%' #4%=0&02 /' 4.$( L34%1' )4 /$, #%0=4%$, 0(A4%,$%4, _'#$(4,4,I K%'94, C 43%$#4$, 4( /' #%$)4 .'#0&'/4, #'%' O$&4/4,7 m'C N34 %4.$%)'% 'N3+ /' 4"#4%04(.0' ')N30%0)' #$%

9'_$, ?'%'(&01')$, ' /'%?$ #/'1$ 4( 4,$, 4,&'9/4.0=04(&$, H;'#+&3/$ Ĵ7 !,&' A41 /'

#$,090/0)')4, )4 '..4)4% ' .'#0&'/ #'%' /' %4($A'.02( C 4"#'(,02( )4 (34A$, 4,&'9/4Z.0=04(&$, 4( 3( 4(&$%($ .')' A41 =K, .$=#4&0&0A$7

B04(&%', &'(&$I /' %4A$/3.02( &4.(2/$?0.' )4Z%0A')' )4 /' 0=#/4=4(&'.02( =',0A' )4 0(&4%(4&4 0(&%'(4&, .$%#$%'&0A', '.4/4%2 4/ #%$.4,$ )44"#'(,02( )4 /', !/'(4&'I /', !


63/153


.', l#$% /' ('&3%'/41' )4,='&4%0'/01')' )4 934(' #'%&4 )4 ,3, '.&0A0)')4,l .$(,Z

.$=3(0.'.02(7 8,+I =3.O', .$=#'D+', 4=#41'%$( ' 3,'% 4/ )4,#/04?34 =',0A$ )4,4%A0.0$, 4( /+(4' .$=$ #'%&4 )4 ,3 A4(&'_' 4,&%'&d?0.' %4,#4.&$ )4 /', )4=K,7 4//$ .$(,4?3+'( ($ ,2/$ .$(A4%&0%,4 4( /+)4%4, &4.($/2?0.$, 4( 4/ ,4.&$% ,0($ &'=90(.%4=4(&'% )4 ='(4%' 0=#%4,0$('(&4 &'(&$ ,3 #%4,4(.0' A0?0/'(&4 #4%='(4(&

Z

=4%=')' ,3 .'#'.0)') )4 '3&$($=+'7

>'%'/4/'=4(&4I /' #%$?%4,0A' /094%'/01'.02( )4

Documents

EXPORTANDO PARAÍSOS La colonización turística del planeta JOAN BUADES