FOLLETO DE INGLÉS IV 2012

SEP DGETI

CENTRO DE BACHILLERATO TECNOLÓGICO industrial y de servicios N° 84

FOLLETO DE: INGLÉS IV

LA PIEDAD, MICHOACÁN. FEBRERO 2012

SEP DGETI

CENTRO DE BACHILLERATO TECNOLÓGICO industrial y de servicios N° 84

FOLLETO DE: INGLÉS IV

REALIZADO DE ACUERDO CON EL PROGRAMA DE ESTUDIOS DE LA REFORMA CURRICULAR DEL BACHILLERATO TECNOLÓGICO

ELABORADO POR:

M.A. RICARDO CHÁVEZ MELÉNDEZ

LA PIEDAD, MICHOACÁN. FEBRERO 2012

INDICE

INTRODUCCIÓN ......................................................................................................................... i FUNDAMENTO .......................................................................................................................... ii OBJETIVOS .............................................................................................................................. iii UNIDAD I ................................................................................................................................. 1

Todas las estructuras gramaticales vistas en los semestres anteriores (*). ................................ 2

Objetivo 1.1 Presente del verbo “To be” (present of “To be”)* ............................................... 2

Objetivo 1.2 Tiempo presente simple (simple present tense)* ................................................ 4

Objetivo 1.3 Tiempo presente continuo (present continuous tense)* ...................................... 6

Objetivo 1.4 Pasado del verbo “To be” (past of “To be”)* ...................................................... 7

Objetivo 1.5 Tiempo pasado simple (simple past tense)* ....................................................... 8

Objetivo 1.6 Tiempo pasado continuo (past continuous tense)*............................................ 10

Vocabulario y Ejercicios ........................................................................................................ 11

Sitios web recomendados ..................................................................................................... 12

UNIDAD II .............................................................................................................................. 13

Objetivo 2.1 Futuro “Will” (future with “Will”)* .................................................................... 14

Objetivo 2.2 Futuro idiomatico “going to” (future with “going to”)* ....................................... 16

Objetivo 2.3 “Be able to” (el pospretérito de “can”)* ............................................................ 17

Objetivo 2.4 Primer condicional (First conditional)* .............................................................. 18

Objetivo 2.5 Tiempo presente perfecto (present perfect tense)* ........................................... 19

Objetivo 2.6 Tiempo pasado perfecto (past perfect tense) .................................................... 20

READING: THE PAST PERFECT TENSE. ................................................................................. 22



UNIDAD III ............................................................................................................................. 25

Objetivo 3.1 Voz pasiva en presente (passive voice in present) ............................................. 26

Objetivo 3.2 Voz pasiva en pasado (passive voice in past) .................................................... 29

Objetivo 3.3 Tag questions (short questions) ....................................................................... 33

Objetivo 3.4 Segundo Condicional (present unreal conditional: would, could, might). ............. 37

Objetivo 3.5 Tercer condicional (past unreal conditional) ...................................................... 40

Objetivo 3.6 Cláusulas o proposiciones relativas, definidas y no definidas (who, whom, whose, what, which, that) ............................................................................................................... 42



CONCLUSIONES ...................................................................................................................... 50

GLOSARIO .............................................................................................................................. 51

BIBLIOGRAFIA ........................................................................................................................ 53

ANEXOS ................................................................................................................................. 54

1 LISTA DE VERBOS REGULARES ....................................................................................... 54

2 LISTA DE VERBOS IRREGULARES ................................................................................... 60

i

INTRODUCCIÓN

El psicólogo Odgen y el pedagogo Richards, ambos británicos, publicaron “Inglés Básico” al final de la década de 1920, siendo esta publicación una simplificación del inglés. Este se utiliza principalmente en la enseñanza del idioma inglés como una segunda lengua, para que de esta manera el inglés se convirtiera en la lengua internacional. La internacionalización del idioma Inglés es un hecho que no se puede negar y mucho menos ignorar, esto no tiene ni un año ni una década que ha empezado. Gracias a la ayuda de los medios masivos de comunicación como la radio y la TV, este idioma ha penetrado en cada rincón de la tierra, pero principalmente el cine (Hollywood) con toda su magia ha impactado a niños y adultos, a hombres y mujeres, donde el idioma Inglés es el que prevalece. Ahora con la TV satelital o por cable, se tienen un sin fin de canales, donde la mayor parte de los programas también están en idioma Inglés. Esto enfatiza que se debe conocer y dominar este idioma. La sociedad mexicana esta sufriendo una transformación, la globalización esta aquí, el TLC con Estados Unidos de Norteamérica y Canadá nos exige el dominio del idioma Inglés, y así estar en iguales condiciones al competir en los mercados laborales. En el 2006 se abrirán las fronteras con estos dos países para el libre transito de trabajadores, así que si algún mexicano, canadiense y estadounidense compiten por el mismo empleo, el que sea bilingüe de los tres tiene mayores oportunidades conseguir el empleo. Para obtener información actualizada, se recurre a los libros, donde la mayor parte de la bibliografía esta en inglés, o a la Internet donde también las paginas Web y los documentos electrónicos están en inglés. La Internet es otra historia, por ella se ofrecen cursos a distancia para aprender el idioma Inglés, traductores, software con corrección de pronunciación, etc., un sin fin de herramientas para llegar al dominio del idioma Inglés. La Internet es una prueba que la globalización esta aquí, y que nos ratifica que el idioma Ingles es indispensable, ya que es el idioma universal. La necesidad de preparar a los estudiantes de bachillerato en el dominio del idioma Inglés se ve ratifica con LA REFORMA CURRICULAR DEL BACHILLERATO TECNOLÓGICO, donde se ampliaron los semestres de dos a cinco. Dando la oportunidad al estudiante de dominar el idioma Inglés es sus cuatro formas (hablar, escuchar, escribir y leer) al terminar su bachillerato; y así poder

competir en un mercado laboral cada vez más competitivo.

ii

FUNDAMENTO

La necesidad de tener una base gramatical para la enseñanza del idioma ingles y el contar con una guía actualizada de acuerdo al PROGRAMA DE ESTUDIOS DE LA REFORMA CURRICULAR DEL BACHILLERATO TECNOLÓGICO DE INGLES IV en el C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 de la Piedad Michoacán, ha motivado a la creación de este folleto. Asimismo, el contar con un estándar para los profesores de la academia de inglés como una base para el aprendizaje significativo, coadyuva a la unificación de criterios, formas de evaluación y objetivos de la misma academia. También el tener un folleto con el cual el alumno aprenda la gramática incluida en EL PROGRAMA DE ESTUDIOS DE INGLES IV, además del vocabulario y algunas estrategias de lectura para facilitar la comprensión de textos en el idioma Inglés, representa una herramienta fundamental para

reforzar el conocimiento factico en el alumno.

iii

OBJETIVOS

El objetivo general de este folleto es el de contar con una guía practica de acuerdo al PROGRAMA

DE ESTUDIOS DE LA REFORMA CURRICULAR DEL BACHILLERATO TECNOLÓGICO DE INGLES IV.

El presente folleto tiene como objetivos específicos: 1. Contar con una guía estándar del contenido del PROGRAMA DE ESTUDIOS DE INGLES IV para

los profesores de la academia de ingles del CBTIS Nº 84. 2. Proporcionar el conocimiento básico gramatical de los conceptos fundamentales del

PROGRAMAS DE ESTUDIO DE LA REFORMA CURRICULAR DEL BACHILLERATO TECNOLÓGICO al alumno.

3. Facilitar al alumno el programa desarrollado así como las fuentes de información donde se

encuentran los conceptos incluidos en los temas fundamentales: APROVECHAMIENTO Y PRESERVACION DE RECURSOS, y SOCIEDAD DEL CONOCIMIENTO.

4. Ayudar al profesor en la labor de facilitador, para que de esta forma el alumno construya su

propio conocimiento. 5. Establecer un estrecho y fuerte vínculo entre maestro – estudiante, y eliminar cualquier

barrera existente para una optima comunicación entre ambos, y de esta manera asegurar que

el aprendizaje significativo sea efectivo.

M.A. RICARDO CHAVEZ MELENDEZ INGLES IV

C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 1

UUUNNNIIIDDDAAADDD III

OBJETIVO: En la presente unidad el alumno repasará las nociones gramaticales del Presente del verbo “To be”, “Tiempo presente simple”, “Tiempo presente continuo”, “Pasado del verbo” “To be”, “Tiempo pasado simple” y “Tiempo pasado continuo”, en sus 3 formas (afirmativo, negativo e interrogativo).


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 2

Todas las estructuras gramaticales vistas en los semestres anteriores (*).

Objetivo 1.1 Presente del verbo “To be” (present of “To be”)*

“To be” in present has 3 forms (AM, IS, ARE).

(Long form)

I AM (YO SOY, YO ESTOY) YOU ARE (TU ERES, TU ESTAS; USTEDES SON, USTEDES ESTAN) HE IS (EL ES, EL ESTA) SHE IS (ELLA ES , ELLA ESTA) IT IS (ES , ESTA; COSA O ANIMAL) WE ARE (NOSOTROS SOMOS, NOSOTROS ESTAMOS) THEY ARE (ELLOS{AS} SON, ELLOS{AS} ESTAN)

(Contracted form) (Negative contracted form of “To Be”)

I‟M I‟M NOT YOU‟RE YOU AREN‟T HE‟S HE ISN‟T SHE‟S SHE ISN‟T IT‟S IT ISN‟T WE‟RE WE AREN‟T THEY‟RE THEY AREN‟T Statements: Affirmative, negative and interrogative forms.

Affirmative: (Subject / Noun) + (To Be) + (complement). Negative: (Subject / Noun) + (To Be) + (not) + (complement). Interrogative: (To Be) + (subject / Noun) + (complement)?

EXAMPLES:

Affirmative: I am a high school student. Negative: I am not a high school student. Interrogative: Am I a high school student?

Affirmative: The teacher is over there. Negative: The teacher is not over there. Interrogative: Is the teacher over there?

Affirmative: You are my best classmate. Negative: You are not my best classmate. Interrogative: Are you my best classmate?

Yes/no questions ask for information that can be answered by yes or no. In a yes/no question, the verb comes before the subject.


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 3

Affirmative Questions

Am I late? Are you from Japan? Is it cold?

Affirmative Yes, you are. Yes, I am. Yes, it is.

Negative No, you aren't. No, I'm not. No, it isn't.

Questions Am I early? Is he Japanese? Is she a scientist? Is it late? Are you students? Are those boys twins?

affirmative answers Yes, you are. Yes, he is. Yes, she is. Yes, it is. Yes, we are. Yes, they are.

negative answers No, you're not. No, he's not. No, she's not. No, it's not. No, we're not. No, they're not.

or No, you aren't. No, he isn't. No, she isn't. No, it isn't. No, we aren't. No, they aren't.


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 4

Objetivo 1.2 Tiempo presente simple (simple present tense)*

Simple Present Tense

(Affirmative, negative and interrogative forms, short answer yes/no). Statements: Affirmative, negative and interrogative forms. Affirmative: (Subject / Noun) + (Verb) + (complement). Negative: (Subject / Noun) + (Do / Does) + (not) + (Verb) + (complement). Interrogative: (Do / Does) + (subject / Noun) + (Verb) + (complement)? Affirmative and Negative Statements. The simple present tense is used to describe everyday activities. It is also used to express opinions and to make general statements of fact. With some verbs, the simple present shows an existing condition (something that is happening now). The chart below gives some examples.

examples notes

Everyday Activities

She wears jeans to class. Betty and Ellen often study together.

An object often follows the verb.

Opinions I don't like the instructor. He doesn't teach math very well.

In negative statements, do or does comes before not. The main verb has no -s ending.

Statements of Fact

Lu speaks three languages. Mr. Michaels teaches math and advises students.

In third-person singular subjects, the verb ends in -s. (See Spelling Rules and Pronunciation Note.)

Existing Conditions

I hear music. He doesn't understand your question. We need a break.

Some other verbs that describe an existing condition: like, want, seem, know, and believe.

Spelling Rules for –s Ending

For the third-person singular verb form, follow these spelling rules:

1. If the simple form of a verb ends in –y after a consonant, change the y to i and add –es. examples: carry / carries

try / tries 2. If the simple form of a verb ends in –s, -z, -sh, -ch, -x, or –o (after a consonant), add -es.

examples: teach / teaches pass / passes go / goes 3. There are two irregular verb forms. be / is have / has


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 5

4. In all other cases, add -s to the simple form. examples: wear / wears

work / works pay / pays

Pronunciation Note

The -s ending is pronounced three ways, according to the ending of the verb:

1. /iz/ after -ch, -sh, -s, -x, and -z endings

examples: teaches, washes, kisses, boxes, buzzes 2. /s/ after voiceless endings: p, t, k, or f

examples: stops, hits, looks, laughs 3. /z/ after voiced consonant endings

examples: calls, listens, plays, sounds, runs

Yes / No Questions and Short Answers

In simple present yes/no questions, a form of the verb do comes before the subject with verbs other than be. Use does with he, she, it, and do with I, you, we, they. The main verb has no -s ending. A form of do appears in short answers. examples possible answers

Affirmative Questions

Do I turn here? Does he do good work?* Does she study a lot? Does it work? Do we need our umbrellas? Do you have change for a dollar? Do they know the address?

Affirmative Yes, you do. Yes, he does. Yes, she does. Yes, it does. Yes, you do. Yes, I do. Yes, they do.

Negative No, you don't. No, he doesn't. No, she doesn't. No, it doesn't. No, you don't. No, I don't. No, they don't.

*When do is the main verb, a form of do appears twice.


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 6

Objetivo 1.3 Tiempo presente continuo (present continuous tense)*

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Statements: Affirmative, negative and interrogative forms. Affirmative: (Subject / Noun) + (To Be) + (verb --► ing) + (complement). Negative: (Subject / Noun) + (To Be) + (not) + (Verb --► ing) + (complement). Interrogative: (To Be) + (subject / Noun) + (Verb --► ing) + (complement)? “To be” in present has 3 forms (AM, IS, ARE).

I AM (YO SOY, YO ESTOY) YOU ARE (TU ERES, TU ESTAS; USTEDES SON, USTEDES ESTAN) HE IS (EL ES, EL ESTA) SHE IS (ELLA ES , ELLA ESTA) IT IS (ES , ESTA; COSA O ANIMAL) WE ARE (NOSOTROS SOMOS, NOSOTROS ESTAMOS) THEY ARE (ELLOS{AS} SON, ELLOS{AS} ESTAN)

Spelling Rules for –ing Verbs

1. If the simple form ends in silent -e after a consonant, drop the -e and add -ing. examples: have / having sneeze / sneezing

2. If the simple form ends in -ie, change the -ie to y and add -ing.

examples: die / dying untie / untying 3. If the simple form has one syllable and ends in one consonant after one vowel, double the last

consonant (except x) and add –ing. examples: get / getting run / running

Note: The letters w and y at the end of a word are considered vowels, not consonants. examples: row / rowing play / playing

4. If the simple form ends in an accented (stressed) syllable, follow the rule above for one final

consonant after one vowel. example: begin / beginning

Note: If the last syllable is not accented, just add -ing. example: happen / happening

5. For all other verbs add -ing to the simple form.

examples: walk / walking eat / eating carry / carrying


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 7

Objetivo 1.4 Pasado del verbo “To be” (past of “To be”)*

TO BE Present Past

(“Ser o Estar”) (“Era o Estaba”) Is, Am, Are was, were Was not = wasn’t Were not = weren’t

Affirmative, negative and interrogative statements.

AFF. (Subject / Noun) + (Was/Were) + (complement). NEG. (Subject / Noun) + (Was/Were) + (not) + (complement). INT. (Was/Were) + (Subject / Noun) + (complement)?

Examples:

AFF. Children were intelligent in the elementary school.

NEG. Children were not intelligent in the elementary school.

INT. Were children intelligent in the elementary school?

AFF. Cat was under the table last night.

NEG. Cat was not under the table last night.

INT. Was cat under the table last night?

I WAS YOU WERE HE WAS SHE WAS IT WAS WE WERE THEY WERE


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 8

Objetivo 1.5 Tiempo pasado simple (simple past tense)*

Present Past

Do (Auxiliary) Did Do not = Don’t Did not = Didn’t Affirmative, negative and interrogative statements. AFF. (Subject / Noun) + (Verb in past) + (complement). NEG. (Subject / Noun) + (Did) + (not) + (Verb in present) + (complement). INT. (Did) + (Subject / Noun) + (Verb in present) + (complement)? REGULAR VERBS: To write a verb in past , only add at the end “ed”.

(WORK – WORKED) IRREGULAR VERBS: When these verbs are written in past tense, they change all their

grammatical structure. (GO – WENT)

Statements with Regular Verbs Use the simple past tense to talk about completed past events and activities. The chart below gives some examples.

Affirmative

I usually helped in the kitchen. My mother knitted and sewed. We listened to music and discussed current events. The children played games.

For negative past tense verbs, use didn‟t before the simple form of the

main verb.

Negative My father decided we didn't need television. We didn't order pizza from a restaurant. Your family didn't own a computer. My parents didn't talk much.

Spelling Rules for -ed Endings

1. If the simple form of a verb ends in –y after a consonant, change the -y to i and add -ed. examples: try / tried carry / carried knit / knitted 2. If the simple form of a verb of one syllable ends in one consonant after a vowel, double the last

consonant (except x) and add -ed. examples: plan / planned stop / stopped Note: The letters w and y at the end of words are vowels, not consonants. examples: row / rowed play / played 3. If the simple form of a verb ends in an accented (stressed) syllable, follow the rule above for


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 9

one final consonant after one vowel.

examples: permit / permitted prefer / preferred 4. If the simple form of a verb ends in -e, add only -d. examples: tie / tied change / changed 5. Add -ed to the simple form of all other regular verbs. examples: want / wanted ask / asked belong / belonged

Pronunciation Note

The -ed ending is pronounced three ways, according to the end of the verb: . /ed/ after d, and t endings

examples: existed, knitted, needed, wanted . /t/ after voiceless endings

examples: cooked, helped, talked, washed, watched /d/ after voiced endings

examples: argued, danced, listened, lived, played, sewed

Coffee: It's Not Just for Breakfast Anymore...


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 10

Objetivo 1.6 Tiempo pasado continuo (past continuous tense)*

PAST CONTINOUS TENSE

AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE FORMS

AFF. (Subject / Noun) + (Was / Were) + (Verb → ing) + (Complement).

NEG. (Subject / Noun) + (Was / Were) + (not) + (Verb → ing) + (Complement).

INT. (Was / Were) + (Subject / Noun) + (Verb → ing) + (Complement)?

The past continuous tense describes activities in progress (happening) at a specific time or during a period of time in the past. It consists of a past form of the verb be before the -ing form of a verb.

Statements

I was standing in line. The guard was sitting in a chair. He wasn't paying attention. The tellers weren't screaming.

Use contractions with forms of be + not.

Yes/No Questions

Was the child crying? Were the witnesses talking?

In a question, was or were comes before the subject (except a question-word subject).

Information Questions

Who was carrying weapons? What were the suspects wearing? What was the guard doing?

With who or what as the subject, use a singular verb.

there is/are There were two men holding guns. Was there anyone helping the guard?

Coming Soon to a Hospital Near You...


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 11

And Here You Thought They Used Nuclear Power...

Vocabulario y Ejercicios

VOCABULARIO DE LA UNIDAD I

Pasado participio de verbos regulares e irregulares. Preposiciones: of, by. Materiales: Wood, plastic, iron, leather, etc.

Ejercicios:

1. Put the verbs into the simple past:

a) Last year I (go) _______________ to England on holiday.

b) It (be) _______________ fantastic.

c) I (visit) ____________ lots of interesting places. I (be) __________ with two friends of mine.

d) In the mornings we (walk) _______________ in the streets of London.

e) In the evenings we (go) _______________ to pubs.

f) The weather (be) _______________ strangely fine.


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 12

g) It (not / rain) _______________ a lot.

h) But we (see) _______________ some beautiful rainbows.

i) Where (spend / you) _______________ your last holiday?

2. Put the sentences into simple past.

i. We move to a new house. → _____________________________

ii. They bring a sandwich. → _____________________________

iii. He doesn't do the homework. → _____________________________

iv. They sell cars. → _____________________________

v. Does he visit his friends? → _____________________________

3. Write sentences in simple past.

A. Janet / miss / the bus → _____________________________

B. She / tidy / her room → _____________________________

C. Nancy / watch / not / television→ _____________________________

D. She / read / a book → _____________________________

Sitios web recomendados

Verbo “to be” en presente http://www.eclecticenglish.com/grammar/PresentSimpleToBe1A.html

http://www.grammar.cl/Present/To_Be.htm Presente simple http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepresent.html

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present.htm Presente continuo http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/presentcontinuous.html

http://esl.about.com/od/grammarstructures/a/prescont.htm Verbo “to be” en pasado http://esl.about.com/library/beginner/blwas.htm

http://www.grammar.cl/Past/To_Be.htm Pasado simple http://www.theyellowpencil.com/grampasadosimple.html

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepast.html Pasado continúo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbvm3AbfEp4&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KtB87Zzq-G8


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 13

UUUNNNIIIDDDAAADDD IIIIII

OBJETIVO: En esta unidad el alumno aprenderá las nociones gramaticales del “tiempo pasado perfecto”, además de repasar las ya vistas como futuro “will”, futuro idiomático “going to”, “be able to”, primer condicional, tiempo presente perfecto, como requisito para facilitar la comprensión de las subsecuentes estructuras gramaticales.


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 14

Objetivo 2.1 Futuro “Will” (future with “Will”)*

THE FUTURE TENSE (EL TIEMPO FUTURO)

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE Long form Contracted form

I will I will not I won‟t You will You will not You won‟t He will He will not He won‟t She will She will not She won‟t It will It will not It won‟t We will We will not We won‟t You will You will not You won‟t They will They will not They won‟t

Statements: Affirmative, negative and interrogative forms.

Affirmative: (Subject / Noun) + (Will) + (Verb) + (complement). Negative: (Subject / Noun) + (Will) + (not) + (Verb) + (complement). Interrogative: (Will) + (subject / Noun) + (Verb) + (complement)?

Se forma el tiempo futuro (future) con el auxiliar will, seguido del infinitivo sin la partícula to. El auxiliar will corresponde a las terminaciones é, ás, á, emos, án.

Se forma la contracción en afirmativo juntando el pronombre y el auxiliar will.

Afirmativo sin contracción Afirmativo con contracción

I will work you will work he will work she will work it will work we will work you will work they will work

trabajaré trabajarás él trabajará ella trabajará trabajará trabajaremos Uds. trabajarán ellos trabajarán

I'll work you'll work he'll work she'll work it'll work we'll work you'll work they'll work

trabajaré trabajarás él trabajará ella trabajará trabajará trabajaremos. Uds. trabajarán ellos trabajarán

La contracción negativa de will not es won't.

Negativo sin

contracción

I will not work you will not work he will not work she will not work it will not work we will not work you will not work they will not work

no trabajaré no trabajarás él no trabajará ella no trabajará no trabajará no trabajaremos Uds. no trabajarán ellos no trabajarán

Negativo con

I won't work you won't work

no trabajaré no trabajarás


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contracción he won't work she won't work it won't work we won't work you won't work they won't work

él no trabajará ella no trabajará no trabajará no trabajaremos Uds. no trabajarán ellos no trabajarán

Interrogativo Recuerde el orden de las palabras para el interrogativo: auxiliar, sustantivo o pronombre, verbo.

Will I work? Will you work? Will he work? Will she work? Will it work? Will we work? Will you work? Will they work?

¿trabajaré? ¿trabajarás? ¿trabajará él? ¿trabajará ella? ¿trabajará? ¿trabajaremos? ¿trabajarán Uds.? ¿trabajarán ellos?

meaning examples

Will

future plans predictions

I'll see you tomorrow. = (I plan to see you tomorrow.) The movie won't be crowded. = (I predict the movie won't be crowded.) Will we get there on time? Will the package get there by Monday? It will probably get there on Tuesday. What will happen next? Will he die? (No, he won't).

requests Will you fill up the tank, please? Will you please be quiet?

If One Look Could Kill...


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Objetivo 2.2 Futuro idiomatico “going to” (future with “going to”)*

THE FUTURE: GOING TO

Statements: Affirmative, negative and interrogative forms.

Affirmative: (Subject / Noun) + (To Be) + (Going to) + (Verb) + (complement).

Negative: (Subject / Noun) + (To Be) + (not) + (Going to) + (Verb) + (complement).

Interrogative: (To Be) + (subject / Noun) + (Going to) + (Verb) + (complement)?

You can use a phrase with a form of be + going to + a simple form of a verb to talk about future plans. These charts give some examples.

Statements

examples note

Affirmative

So me friends are going to have a picnic. We're going to meet at the park. There's going to be a barbecue on Saturday. Ellen is going to help her parents.

In quick, informal speech, going to sounds like gonna. Do not use gonna in writing.

Negative

Hiroshi isn't going to cook. There aren't going to be many people. The friends aren't going to agree. I'm not going to go.

Yes/No Questions

examples possible answers

Affirmative

Is Hiroshi going to cook? Is the barbecue going to be on Saturday? Are Ellen's friends going to go?

Affirmative Negative Yes, he is. No, he isn't. Yes, it is. No, it isn't. Yes, they are. No, they aren't.

Negative Isn't Ellen going to come to the picnic? Isn't it going to rain on Saturday? Aren't they going to cook food?

Yes, she is. No, she isn't. Yes, it is. No, it isn't. Yes, they are. No, they aren't.

Information Questions examples possible answers

Affirmative What is Carlos going to make? Where are you going to meet? When is the barbecue going to start?

Guacamole. In the park. At five o'clock.

Negative Why aren't you going to come? Who isn't going to be there?

I have to work. Ellen.


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 17

Objetivo 2.3 “Be able to” (el pospretérito de “can”)*

TO BE ABLE

No hay infinitivo para los auxiliares can o could. Cuando se quiere traducir el infinitivo poder al inglés, hay que emplear el infinitivo to be able. Ejemplo: I'm going to be able. Voy a poder.

THE CONDITIONAL OF CAN EL POSPRETÉRITO DE CAN

Puesto que el auxiliar can existe solamente en el presente (can) y en el pasado (could), se forma el pospretérito (conditional) empleando el verbo be able. Es decir, se tiene que emplear el auxiliar would seguido por el infinitivo to be able sin la partícula to.

Hay que usar el infinitivo con la partícula to después de las formas del verbo be able.

Could también equivale al pospretérito de poder (podría), así es que existen dos maneras de traducir podría en inglés.

Ejemplos: They could go. (or) They would be able to go. (Ellos{as} podrían ir) They couldn't go. (or) They wouldn't be able to go. (Ellos{as} no podrían ir)

And We Wonder Why Aliens Don't Visit Us...


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 18

Objetivo 2.4 Primer condicional (First conditional)*

FIRST CONDITIONAL PRIMER CONDICIONAL (If I…, will you…?)

FORM:

WILL + INFINITIVE (WITHOUT TO) + IF + PRESENT TENSE

Example:

Will you help me if you aren‟t busy?

FUNCTION: You use the first conditional: examples

to talk about the future possibility and its likely result.

I‟ll phone you if I have to work late.

to ask about a future possibility and its likely result.

Will you need a new suit if you get the job?

Remember! You can change the order of the two parts of the sentence.

Example: If I get the job, I‟ll need a new suit. Examples:

* If you‟re not to busy, will you help me? * If you say “yes”, I‟ll buy you lunch. * I won‟t do it if it‟s difficult. * If you ask me nicely, I‟ll answer the question.

Write five (5) sentences: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 19

Objetivo 2.5 Tiempo presente perfecto (present perfect tense)*

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

(AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE FORMS). Affirmative, negative and interrogative forms.

AFF. (Subject / Noun) + (have / has) + (Verb in past participle) + (Complement).

NEG. (Subject / Noun) + (have / has) + (not) + (Verb in past participle) + (Complement).

INT. (Have / Has) + (Subject / Noun) + (Verb in past participle) + (Complement)?

The present perfect tense consists of have/has before the past participle form of a verb. examples notes

Affirmative Statements

We've been here a year. She's worked a long time.

Here are some past participles: worked (work), been (be), seen (see).

Negative Statements

I haven't seen them since last week. Contractions, short answers, and tag questions with have/has are the same in the present perfect tense as in the present perfect continuous.

Yes/No Questions

Have you lived here since January?

Tag Questions

We haven't gone out for a while, have we?

Information Questions

Who have you met in the last few weeks?

there + be There haven't been any parties in weeks, have there? (No, there haven't.)

A time expression with in is common in negative sentences.

Write five (5) sentences: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 20

Objetivo 2.6 Tiempo pasado perfecto (past perfect tense)

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

EL ANTECOPRETÉRITO Affirmative, negative and interrogative forms AFF. (Subject / Noun) + (had) + (verb in past participle) + (complement). NEG. (Subject / Noun) + (had) + (not) + (Verb in past participle) + (complement). INT. (Had) + (Subject / Noun) + (Verb in past participle) + (complement)? Se forma el antecopréterito (past perfect) en inglés igual que en castellano. Se forma usando el pasado del verbo have (had, había) como auxiliar y el participio del verbo empleado. La contracción negativa de had not es hadn't. Se forma la contracción en afirmativo con la partícula d agregada al pronombre. Esta contracción no se emplea más que en la forma afirmativa, acompañada del participio. Estudie los siguientes ejemplos.

Afirmativo sin contracción Afirmativo con contracción I had worked You had worked He had worked She had worked It had worked We had worked You had worked They had worked

yo había trabajado Ud. había trabajado él había trabajado ella había trabajado había trabajado habíamos trabajado Uds. habían trabajado ellos habían trabajado

I'd worked You‟d worked He‟d worked She‟d worked It‟d worked We‟d worked You‟d worked They‟d worked

yo había trabajado Ud. había trabajado él había trabajado ella había trabajado había trabajado habíamos trabajado Uds. habían trabajado ellos habían trabajado

Negativo

I hadn't worked yo no había trabajado He hadn't worked él no había trabajado They hadn't worked ellos no habían trabajado

Interrogativo. Recuerde el orden de las palabras para el interrogativo: auxiliar, sustantivo o pronombre, verbo.

Interrogativo Negativo

Had he worked? Had John worked? Had they worked?

¿había él trabajado? ¿había Juan trabajado? ¿habían ellos trabajado?

Hadn‟t we worked? Hadn‟t you worked? Hadn‟t John worked?

¿no habíamos trabajado? ¿no habías trabajado? ¿no había Juan trabajado?


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 21

EXERCISE Verb Practice l. They'd forgotten to tell rum. 2. They hadn't forgotten to tell rum. 3. Had they forgotten to tell rum? 4. Hadn't they forgotten to tell rum? 5. Why had they forgotten to tell rum?

THE PAST PERFECT OF CAN EL ANTECOPRETÉRITO DE CAN

Puesto que el auxiliar can existe solamente en el presente (can) yen el pasado (could), se forma el antecopretérito (past perfect) de can empleando el verbo be able. Es decir, se tiene que emplear el pasado del verbo have (had) y el participio del verbo be able (been able). Hay que emplear el infinitivo con la partícula to después de las formas del verbo be able. Ejemplo: He'd been able to go.

El había podido ir. EXERCISE A Verb Practice 1. They'd been able to pick up everything. 2. They hadn't been able to pick up everything. 3. Had they been able to pick up everything? 4. Hadn't they been able to pick up everything? 5. Why hadn't they been able to pick up everything? EXERCISE Verb Practice Repeat exercise A, using forms of the verbs practice, sleep, hear, lose, meet, leave, lend, let in short sentences. Use o different noun or pronoun with each verb. Use the interrogative words when it is possible. EXERCISE Change the following sentences to the post, future, present perfect, post perfect. Translate each time.

1. I can use that book. 2. We can't start early. 3. They can bring everything. 4. Can they hear anything from here? 5. Can't he teach English?

6. The boys can show you how to swim. 7. Can the children rest under that tree? 8. The girls can't sing that song. 9. John can invite Alice to the party. 10. Can't Mr. Clark see snow on the mountain?


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 22

READING: THE PAST PERFECT TENSE.

READ AND TRANSLATE.

THE FARMER AND HIS SONS.

The old farmer had worked hard in his orchard all his life so that he could make a living for his wife and sons. Every spring the old man turned over the soil in the orchard so that the rain could go into the ground when it fell, and every summer he sold the fruit in the market.

One day the old farmer called his sons to him and said to them, "I'm getting old, and I don't have much time left in this world. It'll soon be time for me to die. As you boys know, I've worked hard all my life; and everything I have to leave you is in the orchard."

"He's left us a treasure in the orchard," thought the boys. We'll have to find it."

So after the old man died, the boys began to work very hard in the orchard. They got up very early every morning to dig in the soil. They dug and dug around each tree, turning over the soil again and again.

The rain fell in the spring, and the water ran into the soft ground, and the boys still dug in the orchard every day, looking for the treasure.

The warm summer sun shone down on the fruit trees as the boys worked among them, until one day they saw that it was time to take the fruit to the market.

After they'd dug in the soil for a year, they still hadn't found a treasure; but there was a lot of fruit, and after they'd sold it in the market, they had more money than they'd ever had before.

Don't Always Believe What You Read...


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 23


VOCABULARIO DE LA UNIDAD II

Elementos de la naturaleza: river, ocean, mountain, hill, forrest, volcano, etc. Pasado participio de verbos regulares e irregulares.

Ejercicios: 1. Referring to the table of irregular verbs if necessary, fill in the blanks with the Present Perfect tense of the irregular verbs shown in brackets. For example:

They _________ tall. (to grow) They have grown tall.

He __________ it. (to choose) He has chosen it.

1. We _____________ lunch. (to eat) 2. I ______________ the floor. (to sweep) 3. She ______________ in a choir. (to sing) 4. They ______________ to work. (to go) 5. You ______________ your way. (to lose) 6. He _____________ earlier than usual. (to rise) 7. We ______________ to everyone. (to speak) 8. I ______________ the kingfisher. (to see) 9. They _________ each other a long time. (to know) 10. She _______________ here from France. (to fly) 11. He ______________ very helpful. (to be) 12. I _______________ the blue cloth. (to cut) 13. We ______________ two letters. (to write) 14. They _______________ the competition. (to win) 15. She ________________ no one. (to tell) 16. It _______________ a long time. (to take) 17. You ________________ to do it. (to forget) 18. I ________________ it. (to hear) 19. They _______________ town. (to leave) 20. He ________________ the problem. (to understand)

2. Choose the correct words or phrases:

1. I (have seen / seeing / has seen) that movie twenty times.

2. I think I (meeted / has met / have met) him once before.

3. There (has been / being / have been) many earthquakes in California.

4. People (has traveled / have traveled / traveler) to the Moon.


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 24

5. People (traveledn’t / has not traveled / have not traveled) to Mars.

6. (Had / Has / Have) you (read / readed / reading) the book yet?

7. Nobody (has / have / had) ever (climbing / climbed / climbeing) that mountain.

8. A: (Have / Had / Has) there ever (being / be / been) a war in the United States?

B: Yes, there (has been / have been / had been) a war in the United States.


Futuro “Will” http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/futuro-simple.php http://www.mansioningles.com/gram41.htm Futuro idiomático “going to” http://www.inglestotal.com/going-to/ http://www.madridteacher.com/Grammar/going-to.htm Be Able To http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/miscelaneous-topics/to-

be-able-to.php http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-modals_can_3.htm Primer condicional http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/first-conditional-exercise-

1.html http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-conditional_2.htm Presente perfecto http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/presentperfect.html http://www.madridteacher.com/Grammar/presente-perfecto.htm Pasado perfecto http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/past-perfect.php http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/pastperfect.htm


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 25

UUUNNNIIIDDDAAADDD IIIIIIIII

OBJETIVO: El alumno aprenderá las nociones gramaticales de la “voz pasiva en presente”, “voz pasiva en pasado”, “tag questions”, “segundo condicional (present unreal conditional: would, could, might)”, “tercer condicional (past unreal conditional)” y cláusulas o proposiciones relativas, definidas y no definidas (who, whom, whose, what, which, that), como complemento a los tiempos gramaticales de presente, pasado y futuro antes vistos.


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 26

Objetivo 3.1 Voz pasiva en presente (passive voice in present)

Passive Voice The passive voice is less usual than the active voice. The active voice is the "normal" voice. But sometimes we need the passive voice. In this objective we look at how to construct the passive voice, when to use it and how to conjugate it. Construction of the Passive Voice: The structure of the passive voice is very simple:

Subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle) The main verb is always in its past participle form. Look at these examples:

subject auxiliary verb (to be) main verb (past participle)

Water is drunk by everyone.

100 people are employed by this company.

I am paid in euro.

We are not paid in dollars.

Are they paid in yen?

Use of the Passive Voice We use the passive when: We want to make the active object more important We do not know the active subject

subject verb object

give importance to active object (President Kennedy)

President Kennedy was killed by Lee Harvey Oswald.

active subject unknown My wallet has been stolen. ? *Note: that we always use by to introduce the passive object (Fish are eaten by cats).


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NOTE: Look at this sentence:

He was killed with a gun. Normally we use by to introduce the passive object. But the gun is not the active subject. The gun did not kill him. He was killed by somebody with a gun. In the active voice, it would be: Somebody killed him with a gun. The gun is the instrument. Somebody is the "agent" or "doer".

Conjugation for the Passive Voice We can form the passive in any tense. In fact, conjugation of verbs in the passive tense is rather easy, as the main verb is always in past participle form and the auxiliary verb is always be. To form the required tense, we conjugate the auxiliary verb. So, for example:

present simple: It is made present continuous: It is being made present perfect: It has been made

Here are some examples with most of the possible tenses:

infinitive to be washed

simple

present It is washed.

past It was washed.

future It will be washed.

conditional It would be washed.

continuous

present It is being washed.

past It was being washed.

future It will be being washed.

conditional It would be being washed.

perfect simple

present It has been washed.

past It had been washed.

future It will have been washed.

conditional It would have been washed.

perfect continuous

present It has been being washed.

past It had been being washed.

future It will have been being washed.

conditional It would have been being washed.


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 28

Active or Passive Quiz

1 I ate a piece of chocolate cake. _____________

2 The librarian read the book to the students. ____________

3 The money was stolen. ________________

4 They are paid on Fridays. ________________

5 The movie is being made in Hollywood. _____________

6 I washed my car three weeks ago. _________________

7 His hair was cut by a professional. _______________

8 I will introduce you to my boss this week. ______________

9 It would have been fixed on the weekend. _____________

10 The national anthem is being sung by Jason this time. ______________


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 29

Objetivo 3.2 Voz pasiva en pasado (passive voice in past)

Passive voice in past Active and Passive Voice The voice of a verb tells whether the subject of the sentence performs or receives the action. In English there are two voices, active and passive. :: Active Voice In active voice, the subject performs the action expressed by the verb: The student wrote a song.

:: Passive Voice In passive voice, the subject receives the action expressed by the verb: A song was written by the student.

:: Forming Tenses of Passive Verbs The passive voice always consists of two parts: a form of the verb "to be" + past participle:

Tense Passive voice form

Present it is cleaned

Past it was cleaned

Future it will be cleaned

Present perfect it has been cleaned

Past perfect it had been cleaned

Future perfect it will have been cleaned

The passive voice can be expressed in all tenses and forms: The enemy IS DEFEATED. (present) The enemy WAS DEFEATED. (past) In 1936 Franklin Roosevelt WAS REELECTED. (past) The enemy WILL BE DEFEATED. (future) The enemy IS BEING DEFEATED. (present progressive) The enemy HAD BEEN DEFEATED. (past perfect) The enemy expects TO BE DEFEATED. (infinitive) The enemy hates BEING DEFEATED. (gerund)


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 30

:: Uses of Passive Voice Use the passive voice to: - Call attention to receiver of the action rather than the performer: The professor was hit by three snowballs.

- Point out the receiver of the action when performer is unknown or unimportant: A love letter was slipped under the door. The signs will be posted.

- Avoid calling attention to the performer of the action (known as the "institutional passive"): The fines will be collected on Monday.

:: Active and Passive Voice in Writing The choice between using the active or passive voice in writing is a matter of style, not correctness. However, most recommend using active voice, which they describe as more natural, direct, lively, and succinct. The passive voice is considered wordy and weak (except when used in cases above). Examine the following examples. weak, passive: The skater was slammed into the wall by Maria. strong, active: Maria slammed the skater into the wall. weak, passive: The book was enjoyed by me because the events of her childhood were

described so well by the author. strong, active: I enjoyed the book because the author described the events of her childhood so

well. Examples: (Passive voice in past)

SIMPLE PAST The active object becomes the passive subject.

was/were + past participle

Examples: Examples:

Active: Simple Past The movie bored me. The movie fascinated Jack. The movie surprised them.

Passive: Simple Past I was bored by the movie. Jack was fascinated by the movie. They were surprisedby the movie.


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 31

PAST CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) Passive form:

was/were + being + past participle

Examples: Examples:

Active: Past Continuous I was cleaning the bathroom. They were cleaning the bedroom. Susan was cleaning the kitchen and patio.

Passive: Past Continuous The bathroom was being cleaned by me. The bedroom was being cleaned by them. The kitchen and patio were being cleaned by Susan.

PAST PERFECT Passive form:

had been + past participle

Examples: Examples:

Active: Past Perfect Steven Spielberg had directed the movie. Penny Marshall had directed those movies.

Passive: Past Perfect The movie had been directed by Steven Spielberg. The movies had been directed by Penny Marshall.

Active: HAD BETTER / HAD BETTER NOT Students had better practice English every day. Children had better not drink whiskey.

Passive: HAD BETTER / HAD BETTER NOT English had better be practiced every day by students. Whiskey had better not be drunk by children.

Active: BE SUPPOSED TO (past time) I was supposed to type the composition. I wasn't supposed to copy the story in the book. Janet was supposed to clean the living room. She wasn't supposed to eat candy and gum. Frank and Jane were supposed to make dinner. They weren't supposed to make dessert.

Passive: BE SUPPOSED TO (past time) The composition was supposed to be typed by me. The story in the book wasn't supposed to be copied. The living room was supposed to be cleaned by Janet. Candy and gum weren't supposed to be eaten by her. Dinner was supposed to be made by them. Dessert wasn't supposed to be made by them.


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 32


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 33

Objetivo 3.3 Tag questions (short questions)

Tag Questions A tag question is a statement with a short question attached to the end. The tag has the same subject as the statement, or a corresponding pronoun. It has the same verb as, or the auxiliary that corresponds to, the verb of the statement. People usually use tag questions to ask for clarification or to confirm information they think is true. This chart gives some examples.

expected examples answer notes

Affirmative

You're healthy, aren't you? He's exercising, isn't he? I have a fever, don't I? She lifts weights, doesn't she? You saw a doctor, didn't you? You'll take medicine, won't you?

Yes, I am. Yes, he is.

Yes, you do.

Yes, she does. Yes, I did. Yes, l will.

*Affirmative statements usually have negative tags. *For a simple present or past sentence (except with the verb be), the tag uses a form of do. *With affirmative statements and negative tags, the speaker expects an affirmative answer.

Negative

You're not getting sick, are you? She doesn't smoke, does she? They can't lift weights, can they?

No, I'm not. No, she doesn't No, they can't.

Negative statements have affirmative tags. With negative statements and affirmative tags, the speaker expects a negative answer.

Tag Questions A tag question is a special construction in English. It is a statement followed by a mini-question. The whole sentence is a "tag question", and the mini-question at the end is called a "question tag". NOTE: A "tag" is something small that we add to something larger. For example, the little piece of cloth added to a shirt showing size or washing instructions is a tag. We use tag questions at the end of statements to ask for confirmation. They mean something like: "Am I right?" or "Do you agree?" They are very common in English.

The basic structure is:

+ Positive statement,

- negative tag?

- Negative statement,

+ positive tag?


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 34

Look at these examples with positive statements:

positive statement [+] negative tag [-] notes:

subject auxiliary main verb

auxiliary not

personal pronoun (same as subject)

You are coming, are n't you?

We have finished, have n't we?

You do like coffee, do n't you?

You like coffee, do n't you? You (do) like...

They will help, wo n't they? won't = will not

I can come, can 't I?

We must go, must n't we?

He should try harder, should n't he?

You are English, are n't you? no auxiliary for main verb be present & past

John was there, was n't he?

Some special cases:

I am right, aren't I? aren't I (not amn't I)

You have to go, don't you? you (do) have to go...

I have been answering, haven't I? use first auxiliary

Nothing came in the post, did it? treat statements with nothing, nobody etc like negative statements

Let's go, shall we? let's = let us

He'd better do it, hadn't he? he had better (no auxiliary)


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 35

Look at these examples with negative statements:

negative statement [-] positive tag [+]

subject auxiliary main verb auxiliary personal pronoun (same as subject)

It is n't raining, is it?

We have never seen that, have we?

You do n't like coffee, do you?

They will not help, will they?

They wo n't report us, will they?

I can never do it right, can I?

We must n't tell her, must we?

He should n't drive so fast, should he?

You are n't English, are you?

John was not there, was he?

Tag Questions Quiz

1 He's still sleeping, _______________

2 You do go to school, ______________

3 Let's go for a walk, _______________

4 We won't be late, ________________

5 Nobody called, _________________

6 They will wash the car, ______________

7 We must lock the doors, _______________

8 I'm correct, _______________

9 So you bought a car, ______________ Congratulations!

10 You wouldn't want to invite my Dad, ________________


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C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 37

Objetivo 3.4 Segundo Condicional (present unreal conditional: would, could, might).

Present Unreal Conditional FORM:

[If ... SIMPLE PAST ..., ... would + VERB ...] or

[... would + VERB ... if ... SIMPLE PAST ...] USE: The Present Unreal Conditional is used to talk about what you would do in imaginary situations in general. EXAMPLES:

If I had a car, I would drive to work. But I don't have a car.

She would travel around the world if she had more money. But she doesn't have much money.

I would read more if I didn't have a TV.

Mary would move to Japan if she spoke Japanese.

If they worked harder, they would earn more money.

What would you do if you won the lottery?

I would travel.

Where would you live if you moved to the U.S.?

I would live in Seattle.

EXCEPTION (If I were ...) In the Present Unreal Conditional, the form "was" is not considered grammatically correct. In written English or in testing situations, you should always use "were." However, in everyday conversation, "was" is often used. EXAMPLES:

If he were French, he would live in Paris.

If she were rich, she would buy a yacht.

I would play basketball if I were taller.

I would buy that computer if it were cheaper.

I would buy that computer if it was cheaper. NOT CORRECT (But often said in conversation.)


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 38

EXCEPTION: Conditional with Modal Verbs There are some special Conditional forms for modal verbs in English:

would + can = could would + shall = should would + may = might The words "can," "shall" and "may" must be used in these special forms; they cannot be used with "would."

EXAMPLES:

If I went to Egypt, I would can learn Arabic. NOT CORRECT

If I went to Egypt, I could learn Arabic. CORRECT

If she had time, she would may go to the party. NOT CORRECT

If she had time, she might go to the party. CORRECT

The words "could," should," "might" and "ought to" include conditional, so you cannot combine them with "would."

EXAMPLES:

If I had more time, I would could exercise after work. NOT CORRECT

If I had more time, I could exercise after work. CORRECT

If he invited you, you really would should go. NOT CORRECT

If he invited you, you really should go. CORRECT

IMPORTANT: Only use "If"

Only the word "if" is used with the Present Unreal Conditional because you are discussing imaginary situations. "When" cannot be used.

EXAMPLES:

I would buy that computer when it was cheaper. NOT CORRECT

I would buy that computer if it was cheaper. CORRECT


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 39

Practice: Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate conditional form. Did you hear about that guy who won 180 million dollars in the lottery? If I (win) __________ that much money, I (quit) ___________ my job the next day. I (travel) __________ around the world and (stay) __________ in the most luxurious hotels. If I (want) __________ anything, I (buy) __________ it. If I (see) __________ a beautiful Mercedes that I wanted, I (buy) __________ it. If I wanted to stay in a beautiful hotel and the hotel (be) __________ full, I (buy) __________ the hotel and make them give me a room. I (can) __________ do anything in the world if I had 180 million dollars ... Oh, I am starting to sound a little materialistic... Well... I (do) __________ good things with the money as well. If anybody (need) _________ help, I (give) _________ them some money to help them out. I (donate) __________ money to charities. I (give) _________ money to help support the arts. If I (win) __________ that much money, I wouldn't keep it all for myself. I (help) __________ as many people as possible.


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 40

Objetivo 3.5 Tercer condicional (past unreal conditional)

Past Unreal Conditional FORM

[If ... PAST PERFECT ..., ... would have + PAST PARTICIPLE ... ] or

[... would have + PAST PARTICIPLE ... if ... PAST PERFECT ...] USE: The Past Unreal Conditional is used to talk about imaginary situations in the past. You can describe what you would have done differently or how something could have happened differently if circumstances had been different. EXAMPLES:

If I had had a car, I would have driven to work. But I didn't have one, so I took the bus. She would have traveled around the world if she had had more money. But she didn't have

much money, so she never traveled. I would have read more as a child if I hadn't had a TV. Unfortunately, I did have a TV, so I

never read for entertainment. Mary would have gotten the job and moved to Japan if she had studied Japanese in school

instead of French. If they had worked harder, they would have earned more money. Unfortunately, they were lazy

and they didn't earn much.

What would you have done if you had won the lottery last week? I would have traveled.

What city would you have chosen if you had decided to move to the United States? I would have chosen Seattle.

EXCEPTION: Conditional with Modal Verbs There are some special Conditional forms for modal verbs in English: would have + can = could have would have + shall = should have would have + may = might have The words "can," "shall" and "may" must be used in these special forms; they cannot be used with "would have." EXAMPLES: If I had gone to Egypt, I could have learned Arabic. CORRECT If she had had time, she might have gone to the party. CORRECT


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 41

The words "could," should," "might" and "ought to" include Conditional, so you cannot combine them with "would."

EXAMPLES:

If I had had more time, I would have could exercise after work. NOT CORRECT If I had had more time, I could have exercised after work. CORRECT If he had invited you, you would have might go. NOT CORRECT If he had invited you, you might have gone. CORRECT IMPORTANT: Only use "If" Only the word "if" is used with the Past Unreal Conditional because you are discussing imaginary situations. "When" cannot be used.

EXAMPLES:

I would have bought that computer when it had been cheaper. NOT CORRECT

I would have bought that computer if it had been cheaper. CORRECT

Practice: Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate conditional form After I graduated from university, I applied for a marketing position with a prominent bank with branches all over the world. I didn't get the job because they wanted someone who spoke Spanish fluently. I (could, take) ___________ Spanish in high school, but I didn't. I took an acting class instead. If I (take) __________ Spanish, I (get) ____________ the job. Just imagine, if I had actually gotten the job, I (move) ____________ to Spain. My entire life (could, go) ___________ in a totally different direction. If I had accepted the job and moved to Spain, I (might, meet) __________ a Spanish woman and (get) ___________ married. If that had actually happened, I probably (stay) ____________ in Spain. We (might, have) ____________ children. Unfortunately, I didn't get the job and I didn't go to Spain. I got a boring job and I live alone. If I had just taken Spanish, my life (be) ___________ much more interesting.


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 42

Objetivo 3.6 Cláusulas o proposiciones relativas, definidas y no definidas (who, whom, whose, what, which, that)

Defining and non-defining relative clauses Relative clauses Sentences can be divided into parts called clauses. A relative clause is a part of a sentence that describes the person or thing we are talking about and is connected to other clauses in the sentence via a „relative pronoun‟, who, which or that. Relative pronouns replace the subject or object of the verb: Where is the new boy? He was in class yesterday. Where is the new boy that was in class yesterday?

Can I borrow the CD? You bought the CD. Can I borrow the CD that you bought?

identifying relative clauses The girl that I sit next to in class, gave me her phone number.

that I sit next to in class (the relative clause) identifies „which‟ girl (there could be many girls in the class). non-identifying relative clauses This is my friend, Thomas, who came on holiday with me last year.

who came on holiday with me last year does not identify „which‟ friend (we know „which‟ friend - the friend is Thomas).n-identifying relative clauses are separated by commas, and in speech, by pauses. Keeping who, which and that You cannot leave out who, which, that when: it is the subject of the verb in the relative clause Where is the new boy that was in class yesterday?

It is part of a non-identifying relative clause The trees that at one time lined this road have all been cut down.

leaving out who, which and that You can leave out who, which, that when: it replaces the object of the verb in the relative clause Can I borrow the CD (that) you bought?

Note! In identifying relative clauses, where which thing or person talked about is clear without the relative clause, it is very common in spoken English to leave out who, which, that.


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 43

What is a relative clause? Definition A relative clause is a clause which describes the referent of a head noun or pronoun. It often restricts the reference of the head noun or pronoun. Discussion A relative clause is not necessarily a constituent of the noun phrase containing the head noun it modifies. Example The plumber arrived who we had called earlier. (Who we had called earlier has been extraposed from its normal position after plumber and is not a member of the noun phrase containing plumber.) Examples (English) The man who went Passengers leaving on Flight 738

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES As the name suggests, these clauses give essential information to define or identify the person or thing we are talking about. Obviously, this is only necessary if there is more than one person or thing involved. Example: Elephants who marry mice are very unusual.

In this sentence we understand that there are many elephants, but it is clear that we are only talking the ones who marry mice. Punctuation Commas are not used in defining relative clauses. Relative pronouns The following relative pronouns are used in defining relative clauses:

Person Thing Place Time Reason

Subject who/that which/that

Object who/whom/that/ø which/that/ø where when why

Possessive whose whose

Notes:

http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAClause.htm

http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAReferent.htm

http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAHead.htm

http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsANoun.htm

http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPronoun.htm

http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAConstituent.htm


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 44

1. The relative pronoun stands in place of a noun.

This noun usually appears earlier in the sentence:

The woman who/that spoke at the meeting was very knowledgeable.

Noun, subject of main clause

relative pronoun referring to 'the woman', subject of 'spoke'

verb + rest of relative clause

verb + rest of main clause

2. Who, whom and which can be replaced by that. This is very common in spoken English. 3. The relative pronoun can be omitted (ø) when it is the object of the clause:

The mouse that the elephant loved was very beautiful. OR The mouse the elephant loved was very beautiful.

Both of these sentences are correct, though the second one is more common in spoken English.

The mouse that/ø the elephant loved was very beautiful.

Noun, subject of main clause

relative pronoun, referring to 'the mouse, object of 'loved'

verb + rest of relative clause

verb + rest of main clause.

(You can usually decide whether a relative pronoun is an object because it is normally followed by another subject + verb.) 4. Whose is used for things as well as for people.

Examples: The man whose car was stolen. A tree whose leaves have fallen.

5. Whom is very formal and is only used in written English. You can use who/that, or omit the

pronoun completely: The doctor whom/who/that/ø I was hoping to see wasn't on duty.

6. That normally follows words like something, anything, everything, nothing, all, and superlatives.

Examples: There's something that you should know. It was the best film that I've ever seen.

More examples: A clown is someone who makes you laugh. An elephant is an animal that lives in hot countries. The plums that were in the fridge were delicious. I have eaten them.


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 45

Where are the plums (that) I put in the fridge? Has anyone seen the book I was reading? Nothing that anyone does can replace my lost bag. Let's go to a country where the sun always shines. They live in the house whose roof is full of holes.

NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES The information in these clauses is not essential. It tells us more about someone or something, but it does not help us to identify them or it. Compare: 1. Elephants that love mice are very unusual. (This tells us which elephants we are talking

about). 2. Elephants, which are large and grey, can sometimes be found in zoos. (This gives us

some extra information about elephants - we are talking about all elephants, not just one type or group).

3. John's mother, who lives in Scotland, has 6 grandchildren. (We know who John's mother

is, and he only has one. The important information is the number of grandchildren, but the fact that she lives in Scotland might be followed with the words "by the way" - it is additional information).

Punctuation Non-defining relative clauses are always separated from the rest of the sentence by commas. The commas have a similar function to brackets: My friend John has just written a best-selling novel. (He went to the same school as me) > My friend John, who went to the same school as me, has just written a best-selling novel. Relative pronouns in non-defining clauses

Person Thing Place

Subject who which

Object who/whom which where

Possessive whose

Notes: 1. In non-defining clauses, you cannot use „that‟ instead of who, whom or which. 2. You cannot leave out the relative pronoun, even when it is the object of the verb in the relative

clause: He gave me the letter, which was in a blue envelope. He gave me the letter, which I read immediately


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 46

3. The preposition in these clauses can go at the end of the clause, e.g. This is Stratford-on-Avon, which you have all heard about.

This pattern is often used in spoken English, but in written or formal English you can also put the preposition before the pronoun: e.g. Stratford-on-Avon, about which many people have written is Shakespeare‟s birthplace. 4. Non-defining clauses can be introduced by expressions like all of, many of + relative pronoun:

Person Thing

all of + whom + which

any of + whom + which

(a) few of + whom + which

both of + whom + which

each of + whom + which

either of + whom + which

half of + whom + which

many of + whom + which

most of + whom + which

much of + whom + which

none of + whom + which

one of + whom + which

two of etc… + whom + which

Examples: There were a lot of people at the party, many of whom I had known for years. He was carrying his belongings, many of which were broken.

5. The relative pronoun which at the beginning of a non-defining relative clause, can refer to all the information contained in the previous part of the sentence, rather than to just one word.

a. Chris did really well in his exams, which was a big surprise. (= the fact that he did well in his exams was a big surprise).

b. An elephant and a mouse fell in love, which is most unusual. (= the fact that they fell in love

is unusual). Examples: My grandmother, who is dead now, came from the North of England. I spoke to Fred, who explained the problem. The elephant looked at the tree, under which she had often sat. We stopped at the museum, which we‟d never been into. She‟s studying maths, which many people hate. I‟ve just met Susan, whose husband works in London. He had thousands of books, most of which he had read.


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 47

Try to Explain This One to an Insurance Company...

New Photos from the First U.S. Trip to the Moon...


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 48


VOCABULARIO DE LA UNIDAD III

Expresiones de tiempo acorde a las estructuras gramaticales propuestas. Beneficios derivados del trabajo, educación, política, investigación, economía, etc.

Ejercicios: I. Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

a) She sang a song. - _______________________________________

b) Somebody hit me. - _______________________________________

c) We stopped the bus. - _______________________________________

d) A thief stole my car. - _______________________________________

e) They didn't let him go. - _______________________________________

f) She didn't win the prize. - _______________________________________

g) They didn't make their beds. - _______________________________________

h) I did not tell them. -_______________________________________

i) Did you tell them? - _______________________________________

j) Did he send the letter? - _______________________________________

II. Write the whole sentences in the passive voice.

1. Paul and Peter watched the football match. ____________________________________

2. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. ____________________________________

3. Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. ____________________________________

4. Anna painted the Wilsons' house. ____________________________________

5. The American team won the cup. ____________________________________

6. Philip took a picture of the sea. ____________________________________

7. My mother saw Mike. ____________________________________

8. Freddy Mercury sang 'We Will Rock You'. ____________________________________


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 49

9. My parents read 'Da Vinci Code'. ____________________________________

10. My brother found a purse. ____________________________________

11. A dog bit my sister. ____________________________________

12. Alan broke a vase. ____________________________________

13. Mary and Alice brought a cake. ____________________________________

14. My uncle drew a beautiful landscape. ____________________________________

15. My father ate a big pizza. ____________________________________

16. The children heard a terrible noise last night. ____________________________________


Voz pasiva en presente http://www.slideshare.net/olmeda/passive-voice-1176644

http://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Green%20Level/G12%20Present%20Perfect%20Passive.html

Voz pasiva en pasado http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnJfHD_kK1Q http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive

Tag questions http://www.english-zone.com/grammar/tags01.html http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/questions/questions-tags.php

Segundo condicional http://www.better-english.com/grammar/secondconditional1.htm http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/2cond.htm

Tercer condicional http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/third-conditional-exercise-1.html http://www.englishtenses.com/third_conditional

Cláusulas o proposiciones relativas, definidas y no definidas http://www.slideshare.net/f2teacher/relative-clauses-presentation-

928851 http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/relative-clauses


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 50

CONCLUSIONES

Al finalizar la elaboración del Folleto de Inglés IV, se llegó a las siguientes conclusiones:

a) Aun que la mayor parte de la información contenida en este folleto ya se contaba con ella, EL PROGRAMA DE ESTUDIOS DE LA REFORMA CURRICULAR DEL BACHILLERATO TECNOLÓGICO es una excelente guía para organizar el conocimiento, y conseguir el aprendizaje significativo y dominio por parte del alumno del idioma inglés.

b) La función de facilitador para el profesor del CBTIS Nº 84 será más fácil, ya que al aplicar

las secuencias didácticas, tiene como apoyo este folleto que se realizo acorde a las mismas. c) La bibliografía de inglés existente en la biblioteca del CBTIS Nº 84, es insuficiente en

número y contenidos, y no esta actualizada.


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 51

GLOSARIO Ability. Habilidad. Accented (Stressed). Acentuado (enfatizado). Active. Activo. Adjective. (Adjetivo). Parte variable de la oración que acompaña opcionalmente al sustantivo en

el sintagma nominal, para calificarlo (adjetivo calificativo) o determinarlo (adjetivo determinativo), concordando con él en género, número y en algunas lenguas también en caso.

Advice. Consejo. Auxiliary. Auxiliar (para cada tiempo del idioma ingles se utiliza un auxiliar) aquellos que han

perdido su significado primitivo y sirven para formar otros tiempos de otros verbos o perífrasis verbales.

Below. Debajo de. Chart. Recuadro. Common. Común. Consonant. Consonante (todas aquellas letras del alfabeto que no son vocales: B, C, D, F, G, H,

J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z). Contracted form. Forma cortada. Contraction. Contracción (is not = isn‟t, I will = I‟ll, You have = You‟ve, He was not = He wasn‟t,

They had = they‟d, etc.) Discussion. Discusión. Fact. Hecho (acontecido). Infinitive. Infinitivo, forma no personal del verbo que tiene un carácter nominal. Algunos

gramáticos utilizan el término verboide como sinónimo de forma no personal. Informal speech. Discurso informal. Irregular verbs. Los verbos irregulares son aquellos que no siguen los modelos clásicos de la

conjugación, ya que presentan alteraciones en la raíz o en el lexema. Long form. Forma completa o forma larga. Match. Par. Pareja. Meaning. Significado. Noun. Nombre (que se les da a las personas, animales o cosas) categoría de palabras en la

que tradicionalmente se incluye el nombre sustantivo y el nombre adjetivo, porque ambos comparten ciertas características comunes, como los morfemas.

Offers. Ofrecerse (a hacer algo). Passive. Pasivo. Past participle. Forma del pasado que emplea el participio been como auxiliar antes del

participio del verbo que se conjuga. Permission. Permiso. Predict. Predecir. Pronoun. Pronombre, parte de la oración que puede ocupar el lugar de un nombre o hacer

alusión a él. Procede del latín pronomen, que significa „en lugar del nombre‟; sustituye en ocasiones, aunque no siempre, a un sustantivo, al que se denomina antecedente.

Punctuation. Puntuación. Quick. Rápido. Quiz. Examen.


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 52

Regular verbs. Los verbos regulares son los verbos que en las distintas formas que pueden adoptar en su conjugación se ajustan siempre a las formas del verbo que se toma como modelo en la conjugación a la que pertenece.

Requests. Demandas. Sentence. Oración. Several. Varios. Spelling. Deletreando. Strong. Fuerte, poderoso, duro, fornido, marcado, pronunciado, firme, cragado. Subject. Sujeto. Summarizes. Resume. Syllable. Sílaba, grupo fónico constituido por una sola vocal o por la combinación de una vocal

y una o varias consonantes que le preceden o siguen y que se pronuncian en un solo golpe de voz.

Tag question. Pregunta de reforzamiento. Third person. Tercera persona (del singular: He, She, It); la tercera persona, en muchos casos

no es ni persona, sino un elemento de referencia. Vowel. Vocal (a,e,i,o,u) Weak. Débil, flojo, flaco, enclenque, delicado, frágil, impotente.


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 53

BIBLIOGRAFIA 1. APUNTES DE INGLES I, II, III, Y IV. RICARDO CHÁVEZ MELÉNDEZ 1998-1999. 2. HTTP://WWW.ENGLISHPAGE.COM

3. INTERACTIVE ENGLISH: STUDENT BOOK 2 ALAN BATTERSBY, CAROL LETHABY MACMILLAN – HEINEMANN FIRST EDICION 4. INTERACTIONS ONE, A COMMUNICATIVE GRAMMAR. JACK KIRN MCGRAW-HILL THIRD EDITION 5. PRACTICE YOUR ENGLISH. AUDREY L. WRIGHT AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY SECOND EDITION. 6. TRUE COLORS (1), AN EFL COURSE FOR REAL COMMUNICATION. JAY MAURER, IRENE E. SCHOENBERG LONGMAN

FIRST EDICION 7. INGLES IDIOMATICO 2 EUGENE E. LONG, WILLIAM BUCKWALD TRILLAS OCTAVA EDICION


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 54

ANEXOS

1 LISTA DE VERBOS REGULARES REGULAR VERBS

N° SPANISH

BASE

FORMA

PRESENT-3RD

PERSON SING.

PRESENT

PARTICIPLE

PAST

TENSE

PAST

PARTICIPLE

1 Contestar ANSWER ANSWERS ANSWERING ANSWERED ANSWERED

2 Permitir ALLOW ALLOWS ALLOWING ALLOWED ALLOWED

3 Arrestar ARREST ARRESTS ARRESTING ARRESTED ARRESTED

4 Preguntar ASK ASKS ASKING ASKED ASKED

5 Ladrar BARK BARKS BARKING BARKED BARKED

6 Quemar BURN BURNS BURNING BURNED BURNED

7 Cepillar BRUSH BRUSHES BRUSHING BRUSHED BRUSHED

8 Pedir prestado BORROW BORROWS BORROWING BORROWED BORROWED

9 Abuchear BOO BOOS BOOING BOOED BOOED

10 Llamar CALL CALLS CALLING CALLED CALLED

11 Acampar CAMP CAMPS CAMPING CAMPED CAMPED

12 Aclamar CHEER CHEERS CHEERING CHEERED CHEERED

13 Limpiar CLEAN CLEANS CLEANING CLEANED CLEANED

14 Escalar CLIMB CLIMBS CLIMBING CLIMBED CLIMBED

15 Coleccionar COLLECT COLLECTS COLLECTING COLLECTED COLLECTED

16 Colorear COLOR COLORS COLORING COLORED COLORED

17 Peinar COMB COMBS COMBING COMBED COMBED

18 Cocinar COOK COOKS COOKING COOKED COOKED

19 Contar COUNT COUNTS COUNTING COUNTED COUNTED

20 Tapar COVER COVERS COVERING COVERED COVERED

21 Chocar CRASH CRASHES CRASHING CRASHED CRASHED

22 Arrastrarse CRAWL CRAWLS CRAWLING CRAWLED CRAWLED

23 Cruzar CROSS CROSSES CROSSING CROSSED CROSSED

24 Diseñar DESIGN DESIGNS DESIGNING DESIGNED DESIGNED

25 Descender DESCEND DESCENDS DESCENDING DESCENDED DESCENDED

26 Marcar DIAL DIALS DIALING DIALED DIALED

27 Desaparecer DISAPPEAR DISAPPEARS DISAPPEARING DISAPPEARED DISAPPEARED

28 Descubrir DISCOVER DISCOVERS DISCOVERING DISCOVERED DISCOVERED

29 Discutir DISCUSS DISCUSSES DISCUSSING DISCUSSED DISCUSSED

30 Vestir DRESS DRESSES DRESSING DRESSED DRESSED

31 Derivar DRIFT DRIFTS DRIFTING DRIFTED DRIFTED

32 Ganar dinero EARN EARNS EARNING EARNED EARNED

33 Acabar END ENDS ENDING ENDED ENDED

34 Entrar ENTER ENTERS ENTERING ENTERED ENTERED

35 Explicar EXPLAIN EXPLAINS EXPLAINING EXPLAINED EXPLAINED

36 Llenar FILL FILLS FILLING FILLED FILLED

37 Filmar FILM FILMS FILMING FILMED FILMED

38 Terminar FINISH FINISHES FINISHING FINISHED FINISHED

39 Flotar FLOAT FLOATS FLOATING FLOATED FLOATED

40 Seguir FOLLOW FOLLOWS FOLLOWING FOLLOWED FOLLOWED

41 Asustar FRIGHTEN FRIGHTENS FRIGHTENING FRIGHTENED FRIGHTENED


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 55

N° SPANISH BASE

FORMA PRESENT -3RD PERSON SING.

PRESENT PARTICIPLE

PAST TENSE

PAST PARTICIPLE

42 Fruncir FROWN FROWNS FROWNING FROWNED FROWNED

43 Adivinar GUESS GUESSES GUESSING GUESSED GUESSED

44 Suceder HAPPEN HAPPENS HAPPENING HAPPENED HAPPENED

45 Dañar HARM HARMS HARMING HARMED HARMED

46 Ayudar HELP HELPS HELPING HELPED HELPED

47 Robar HIJACK HIJACKS HIJACKING HIJACKED HIJACKED

48 Cazar HUNT HUNTS HUNTING HUNTED HUNTED

49 Heredar INHERIT INHERITS INHERITING INHERITED INHERITED

50 Insertar INSERT INSERTS INSERTING INSERTED INSERTED

51 Entrevista INTERVIEW INTERVIEWS INTERVIEWING INTERVIEWED INTERVIEWED

52 Inventar INVENT INVENTS INVENTING INVENTED INVENTED

53 Planchar IRON IRONS IRONING IRONED IRONED

54 Juntar JOIN JOINS JOINING JOINED JOINED

55 Brincar JUMP JUMPS JUMPING JUMPED JUMPED

56 Patear KICK KICKS KICKING KICKED KICKED

57 Matar KILL KILLS KILLING KILLED KILLED

58 Besar KISS KISSES KISSING KISSED KISSED

59 Golpear KNOCK KNOCKS KNOCKING KNOCKED KNOCKED

60 Aterrizar LAND LANDS LANDING LANDED LANDED

61 Reír LAUGH LAUGHS LAUGHING LAUGHED LAUGHED

62 Aprender LEARN LEARNS LEARNING LEARNED LEARNED

63 Escuchar LISTEN LISTENS LISTENING LISTENED LISTENED

64 Cargar LOAD LOADS LOADING LOADED LOADED

65 Encerrar LOCK LOCKS LOCKING LOCKED LOCKED

66 Mirar LOOK LOOKS LOOKING LOOKED LOOKED

67 Examinar LOOK AT LOOKS AT LOOKING AT LOOKED AT LOOKED AT

68 Buscar LOOK FOR LOOKS FOR LOOKING FOR LOOKED FOR LOOKED FOR

69 Mandar MAIL MAILS MAILING MAILED MAILED

70 Fallar MISS MISSES MISSINIG MISSED MISSED

71 Mezclar MIX MIXES MIXING MIXED MIXED

72 Necesitar NEED NEEDS NEEDING NEEDED NEEDED

73 Abrir OPEN OPENS OPENING OPENED OPENED

74 Ordenar ORDER ORDERS ORDERING ORDERED ORDERED

75 Sobrecarga OVERLOAD OVERLOADS OVERLOADING OVERLOADED OVERLOADED

76 Empacar PACK PACKS PACKING PACKED PACKED

77 Pintar PAINT PAINTS PAINTING PAINTED PAINTED

78 Estacionar PARK. PARKS PARKING PARKED PARKED

79 Ejecutar PERFORM PERFORMS PERFORMING PERFORMED PERFORMED

80 Fotografía PHOTOGRAPH PHOTOGRAPHS PHOTOGRAPHING PHOTOGRAPHED PHOTOGRAPHED

81 Escoger PICK PICKS PICKING PICKED PICKED

82 Derramar POUR POURS POURING POURED POURED

83 Fingir PRETEND PRETENDS PRETENDING PRETENDED PRETENDED

84 Imprimir PRINT PRINTS PRINTING PRINTED PRINTED

85 Jalar PULL PULLS PULLING PULLED PULLED

86 Empujar PUSH PUSHES PUSHING PUSHED PUSHED


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 56

N° SPANISH BASE

FORMA PRESENT -3

RD

PERSON SING. PRESENT

PARTICIPLE PAST

TENSE PAST

PARTICIPLE

87 Llover RAIN RAINS RAINING RAINED RAINED

88 Alcanzar REACH REACHES REACHING REACHED REACHED

99 Relajar RELAX RELAXES RELAXING RELAXED RELAXED

90 Recordar REMEMBER REMEMBERS REMEMBERING REMEMBERED REMEMBERED

91 Relatar REPORT REPORTS REPORTIG REPORTED REPORTED

92 Reposar REST RESTS RESTING RESTED RESTED

93 Rodar ROLL ROLLS ROLLING ROLLED ROLLED

94 Precipitar RUSH RUSHES RUSHING RUSHED RUSHED

95 Atravesar SAIL SAILS SAILING SAILED SAILED

96 Registrar SEARCH SEARCHES SEARCHING SEARCHED SEARCHED

97 Elegir SELEC SELECTS SELECTING SELECTED SELECTED

98 Gritar SHOUT SHOUTS SHOUTING SHOUTED SHOUTED

99 Firmar SIGN SIGNS SIGNING SIGNED SIGNED

100 Esquiar SKI SKI SKIING SKIED SKIED

101 Oler SMELL SMELLS SMELLING SMELLED SMELLED

102 Arrebatar SNATCH SNATCHES SNATCHING SNATCHED SNATCHED

103 Nevar SNOW SNOWS SNOWING SNOWED SNOWED

104 Sonar SOUND SOUNDS SOUNDING SOUNED SOUNDED

105 Deletrear SPELL SPELLS SPELLING SPELLED SPELLED

106 Comenzar START STARTS STARTING STARTED STARTED

107 Quedarse STAY STAYS STAYING STAYED STAYED

108 Hablar TALK TALKS TALKING TALKED TALKED

109 Amenazar THREATEN THREATENS THREATENING THREATENED THREATENED

110 Recorrer TOUR TOURS TOURING TOURED TOURED

111 Tocar TOUCH TOUCHES TOUCHING TOUCHED TOUCHED

112 Remolcar TOW TOWS TOWING TOWED TOWED

113 Entrenar TRAIN TRAINS TRAINING TRAINED TRAINED

114 Viajar TRAVEL TRAVELS TRAVELING TRAVELED TRAVELED

115 Girar TURN TURNS TURNING TURNED TURNED

116 Descubrir UNCOVER UNCOVERS UNCOVERING UNCOVERED UNCOVERED

117 Visitar VISIT VISITS VISITING VISITED VISITED

118 Esperar WAIT WAITS WAITING WAITED WAITED

119 Caminar WALK WALKS WALKING WALKED WALKED

120 Querer WANT WANTS WANTING WANTED WANTED

121 Advertir WARN WARNS WARNING WARNED WARNED

122 Lavar WASH WASHS WASHING WASHED WASHED

123 Observar WATCH WATCHS WATCHING WATCHED WATCHED

124 Murmurar WHISPER WHISPERS WHISPERING WHISPERED WHISPERED

125 Trabajar WORK WORKS WORKING WORKED WORKED

*THESE VERBS DROP A FINAL -E BEFORE ADDING THE -ED FORM: LOS VERBOS QUE TERMINAN EN "E", SOLO SE AGREGA LA "D"

126 Aconsejar ADVISE ADVISES ADVISING ADVISED ADVISED

127 Acordar AGREE AGREES AGREEING AGREED AGREED

128 Arreglar ARRANGE ARRANGES ARRANGING ARRANGED ARRANGED

129 Llegar ARRIVE ARRIVES ARRIVING ARRIVED ARRIVED

130 Hornear BAKE BAKES BAKING BAKED BAKED

131 Creer BELIEVE DELIEVES DELIEVING DELIEVED DELIEVED


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 57

REGULAR VERBS

N° SPANISH BASE

FORMA PRESENT -3

RD


PARTICIPLE PAST

TENSE PAST

PARTICIPLE

132 Culpar BLAME BLAMES BLAMING BLAMED BLAMED

133 Hervir BOIL BOILS BOILING BOILED BOILED

134 Respirar BREATHE BREATHES BREATHING BREATHED BREATHED

135 Causar CAUSE CAUSES CAUSING CAUSED CAUSED

136 Cambiar CHANGE CHANGES CHANGING CHANGED CHANGED

137 Perseguir CHASE CHASES CHASING CHASED CHASED

138 Cerrar CLOSE CLOSES CLOSING CLOSED CLOSED

139 Dañar DAMAGE DAMAGES DAMAGING DAMAGED DAMAGED

140 Bailar DANCE DANCES DANCING DANCED DANCED

141 Decidir DECIDE DECIDES DECIDING DECIDED DECIDED

142 Describir DESCRIBE DESCRIBES DESCRIBING DESCRIBED DESCRIBED

143 Morir DIE DIES DYING DIED DIED

144 Animar ENCOURAGE ENCOURAGES ENCOURAGING ENCOURAGED ENCOURAGED 145 Examinar EXAMINE EXAMINES EXAMINING EXAMINED EXAMINED

146 Explorar EXPLORE EXPLORES EXPLORING EXPLORED EXPLORED

147 Incendiar FIRE FIRES FIRING FIRED FIRED

148 Enfocar FOCUS FOCUSES FOCUSING FOCUSED FOCUSED

149 Forzar FORCE FORCES FORCING FORCED FORCED

150 Apostar GAMBLE GAMBLES GAMBLING GAMBLED GAMBLED

151 Rallar GRATE GRATES GRATING GRATED GRATED

152 Odiar HATE HATES HATING HATED HATED

153 Autoparar HITCHHIKE HITCHHIKES HITCHHIKING HITCHHIKED HITCHHIKED

154 Aumentar HIKE HIKES HIKING HIKED HIKED

155 Esperar HOPE HOPES HOPING HOPED HOPED

156 Ignorar INGNORE IGNORES IGNORING IGNORED IGNORED

157 Imaginar IMAGINE IMAGINES IMAGINING IMAGINED IMAGINED

158 Mejorar IMPROVE IMPROVES IMPROVING IMPROVED IMPROVED

159 Incrementar INCREASE INCREASES INCREASING INCREASED INCREASED

160 Invitar INVITE INVITES INVITING INVITED INVITED

161 Bromear JOKE JOKES JOKING JOKED JOKED

162 Mentir LIE LIES LYING LIED LIED

163 Gustar LIKE LIKES LIKING LIKED LIKED

164 Vivir LIVE LIVES LIVING LIVED LIVED

165 Amar LOVE LOVES LOVING LOVED LOVED

166 Dirigir MANAGE MANAGES MANAGING MANAGED MANAGED

167 Medir MEASURE MEASURES MEASURING MEASURED MEASURED

168 Mover MOVE MOVES MOVING MOVED MOVED

169 Detenerse PAUSE PAUSES PAUSING PAUSED PAUSED

170 Practicar PRACTICE PRACTICES PRACTICING PRACTICED PRACTICE

171 Presentar PRODUCE PRODUCES PRODUCING PRODUCED PRODUCED

172 Prometer PROMISE PROMISES PROMISING PROMISED PROMISED

173 Levantar RAISE RAISES RAISING RAISED RAISED

174 Rescatar RESCUE RESCUES RESCUING RESCUED RESCUED

175 Reservar RESERVE RESERVES RESERVING RESERVED RESERVED

176 Retirarse RETIRE RETIRES RETIRING RETIRED RETIRED

177 Salvar SAVE SAVES SAVING SAVED SAVED

178 Asustar SCARE SCARES SCARING SCARED SCARED

179 Apuntar SCORE SCORES SCORING SCORED SCORED

180 Servir SERVE SERVES SERVING SERVED SERVED


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 58

REGULAR VERBS

N° SPANISH BASE

FORMA PRESENT -3

RD


PARTICIPLE PAST

TENSE PAST

PARTICIPLE

181 Afeitar SHAVE SHAVES SHAVING SHAVED SHAVED

182 Sonreír SMILE SMILES SMILING SMILED SMILED

183 Mirar fijo STARE STARES STARING STARED STARED

184 Almacenar STORE STORES STORING STORED STORED

185 Sorprender SURPRISE SURPRISES SURPRISING SURPRISED SURPRISED

186 Pegar cinta TAPE TAPES TAPING TAPED TAPED

187 Probar TASTE TASTES TASTING TASTED TASTED

188 Telefonear TELEPHONE TELEPHONES TELEPHONING TELEPHONED TELEPHONED

189 Atar TIE TIES TYING TIED TIED

190 Comerciar TRADE TRADES TRADING TRADED TRADED

191 Mecanografía TYPE TYPES TYPING TYPED TYPED

192 Desatar UNTIE UNTIES UNTYING UNTIED UNTIED

193 Usar USE USES USING USED USED

194 Agitar WAVE WAVES WAVING WAVED WAVED

THESE VERBS CHANGE A FINAL -Y TO -I BEFORE ADDING THE -ED ENDING:

LOS VERBOS QUE TERMINAN EN CONSONANTE MAS "Y", SE CAMBIA LA "Y" POR "I" Y SE AGREGA

"ED".

195 Aplicar APPLY APPLIES APPLYING APPLIED APPLIED

196 Llevar CARRY CARRIES CARRYING CARRIED CARRIED

197 Llorar CRY CRIES CRYING CRIED CRIED

198 Secar DRY DRIES DRYING DRIED DRIED

199 Apresurar HURRY HURRIES HURRYING HURRIED HURRIED

200 Casar MARRY MARRIES MARRYING MARRIED MARRIED

201 Fotocopiar PHOTOCOPY PHOTOCOPIES PHOTOCOPYING PHOTOCOPIED PHOTOCOPIED

202 Responder REPLY REPLIES REPL YING REPLIED REPLIED

203 Estudiar STUDY STUOIES STUDYING STUDIED STUDIED

204 Intentar TRY TRIES TRYING TRIED TRIED

205 Preocupar WORRY WORRIES WORRYING WORRIED WORRIED

THESE VERBS KEEP THE-Y ADDING THE -ED ENDING:

LOS VERBOS QUE TERMINAN EN VOCAL MAS "Y", SE AGREGA "ED".

206 Destruir DESTROY DESTROYS DESTROYING DESTROYED DESTROYED

207 Disfrutar ENJOY ENJOYS ENJOYING ENJOYED ENJOYED

208 Obedecer OBEY OBEYS OBEYING OBEYED OBEYED

209 Jugar PLAY PLAYS PLAYING PLAYED PLAYED

THESE VERBS DOUBLE THE FINAL CONSONANT BEFORE ADDING THE -ED ENDING:

ESTOS VERBOS SE LES PONE DOBLE CONSONANTE Y SE AGREGA "ED".

210 Aplaudir CLAP CLAPS CLAPPING CLAPPED CLAPPED

211 Caer DROP DROPS DROPPING DROPPED DROPPED

212 * DROP BY DROPS BY DROPPING BY DROPPED BY DROPPED BY

213 Ajustar FIT FITS FITTING FITTED FITTED


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 59

REGULAR VERBS

N° SPANISH BASE

FORMA PRESENT -3

RD


PARTICIPLE PAST

TENSE PAST

PARTICIPLE

214 Saltar HOP HOPS HOPPING HOPPED HOPPED

215 Forzar JAM JAMS JAMMING JAMMED JAMMED

216 Asaltar MUG MUGS MUGGING MUGGED MUGGED

217 Inclinar NOD NODS NODDING NODDED NODDED

218 Planear PLAN PLANS PLANNING PLANNED PLANNED

219 Abandonar QUIT QUITS QUITTING QUITTED QUITTED

220 Robar ROB ROBS ROBBING ROBBED ROBBED

221 Delatar SHOP SHOPS SHOPPING SHOPPED SHOPPED

222 Abofetear SLAP SLAPS SLAPPING SLAPPED SLAPPED

223 Pasar SLIP SLIPS SLIPING SLIPPED SLIPPED

224 Agitar STIR STIRS STIRRING STIRRED STIRRED

225 Detener STOP STOPS STOPPING STOPPED STOPPED

226 Rodear TRAP TRAPS TRAPPING TRAPPED TRAPPED

227 Envolver WRAP WRAPS WRAPPING WRAPPED WRAPPED

TIEMPO PRESENTE SIMPLE

El tiempo presente simple expresa hábitos o actividades, repetitivas. SHE DRINKS ORANGE JUICE EVERY MORNING WE GO TO CHURCH EVERY SUNDAY. Es importante observar que para los pronombres es I, YOU, WE and THEY, los verbos conservan su forma original. YOU EAT CHINESE FOOD THREE TIMES A MONTH. Cuando el sujeto es la tercera persona del singular (HE, SHE, IT), la forma del verbo presenta cambios y se rige por las siguientes reglas: 1.- A LA MAYORÍA DE LOS VERBOS SE LES AGREGA "S" AL FINAL. eat = eats read = reads see = sees walk =walks 2.- SI EL VERBO TERMINA EN "CH", "SH", "SS", "X", O "ZZ", SE LES AGREGA "ES" AL FINAL. catch = catches pass = passes buzz = buzzes brush = brushes fix = fixes

3.- SI EL VERBO TERMINA EN UNA CONSONANTE MAS "Y", SE CAMBIA LA "Y" POR LA "I" Y SE AGREGA "ES" AL FINAL.

study= studies try=tries hurry=hurries carry=carries

4.- AUNQUE NO SEA CONSIDERADA COMO REGLA, PERO LOS VERBOS QUE TERMINAN EN "O" SE LE AGREGA "ES" AL FINAL.

go = goes do = does


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 60

2 LISTA DE VERBOS IRREGULARES

IRREGULAR VERBS

N° SPANISH BASE

FORMA PRESENT-3

RD


PARTICIPLE PAST

TENSE PAST

PARTICIPLE

1 Ser o estar BE AM/IS/ARE BEING WAS / WERE BEEN

2 Pegar BEAT BEATS BEATING BEAT BEATEN

3 Volverse BECOME BECOMES BECOMING BECAME BECOME

4 Empezar BEGIN BEGINS BEGENNING BEGAN BEGUN

5 Apostar BET BETS BETTING BET BET

6 Morder BITE BITS BETTING BIT BITTEN

7 Soplar BLOW BLOWS BLOWING BLEW BLOWN

8 Quebrar BREAK BREAKS BREAKING BROKE BROKEN

9 Traer BRING BRINGS BRINGING BROUGHT BROUGHT

10 Construir BUILD BUILDS BUILDING BUILT BUILT

11 Comprar BUY BUYS BUYING BOUGHT BOUGHT

12 Atrapar CATCH CATCHES CATCHING CAUGHT CAUGHT

13 Elegir CHOOSE CHOOSES CHOOSING CHOSE CHOSEN

14 Venir COME COMES COMING CAME COME

15 Costar COST COSTS COSTING COST COST

16 Cortar CUT CUTS COSTING CUT CUT

17 Cavar DIG DIGS DIGGING DUG DUG

18 Hacer DO DOES DOING DID DONE

19 Dibujar DRAW DRAWS DRAWING DREW DRAWN

20 Beber DRINK DRINKS DRINKING DRANK DRUNK

21 Manejar DRIVE DRIVES DRIVING DROVE DRIVEN

22 Comer EAT EATS EATING ATE EATEN

23 Caer FALL FALLS FALLING FELL FALLEN

24 Alimentar FEED FEEDS FEEDING FED FED

25 Sentir FEEL FEELS FEELING FELT FELT

26 Pelear FIGHT FIGHTS FIGHTING FOUGHT FOUGHT

27 Buscar FIND FINDS FINDING FOUND FOUND

28 Ajustar FIT FITS FITTING FIT FIT

29 Volar FLY FLIES FLYING FLEW FLOWN

30 Olvidar FORGET FORGETS FORGETTIN FORGOT FORGOTTEN

31 Obtener GET GETS GETTING GOT GOTTEN

32 Dar GIVE GIVES GIVING GAVE GIVEN

33 Rendirse GIVE UP GIVES UP GIVING UP GAVE UP GIVEN UP

34 Ir GO GOES GOING WENT GONE

35 Cultivar GROW GROWS GROWING GREW GROWN

36 Tener HAVE HAS HAVING HAD HAD

37 Oír HEAR HEARS HEARING HEARD HEARD

38 Esconder HIDE HIDES HIDING HID HIDDEN

39 Golpear HIT HITS HITTING HIT HIT

40 Retener HOLD HOLDS HOLDING HELD HELD

41 Herir HURT HURTS HURTING HURT HURT

42 Guardar KEEP KEEPS KEEPING KEPT KEPT

43 Saber KNOW KNOWS KNOWING KNEW KNOWN

44 Dejar LEAVE LEAVES LEAVING LEFT LEFT

45 Permitir LET LETS LETTING LET LET

46 Mentir LIE LIES LYING LAY LAIN


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 61

N° SPANISH BASE

FORMA PRESENT -3

RD

PERSON SING PRESENT

PARTICIPLE PAST

TENSE PAST

PARTICIPLE

47 Encender LIGHT LIGHTS LIGHTING LIT LIT

48 Perder LOSE LOSES LOSING LOST LOST

49 Hacer MAKE MAKES MAKING MADE MADE

50 Dar a entend. MEAN MEANS MEANING MEANT MEANT

51 Reunirse MEET MEETS MEETING MET MET

52 Pagar PAY PAYS PAYING PAID PAID

53 Poner PUT PUTS PUTTING PUT PUT

54 Leer READ READS READING READ READ

55 Reconstruir REBUILD REBUILDS REBUILDING REBUILT REBUILT

56 Montar RIDE RIDES RIDING RODE RIDDEN

57 Tocar RING RIDES RINGS RANG RUNG

58 Crecer RISE RISES RISING ROSE RISEN

59 Correr RUN RUNS RUNNING RAN RUN

60 Decir SAY SAYS SAYING SAID SAID

61 Ver SEE SEES SEEING SAW SEEN

62 Vender SELL SELLS SELLING SOLD SOLD

63 Mandar SEND SENDS SENDING SENT SENT

64 Colocar SET SETS SETTING SET SET

65 Coser SEW SEWS SEWING SEWED SEWM

66 Sacudir SHAKE SHAKES SHAKING SHOOK SHAKEN

67 Brillar SHINE SHINES SHINING SHONE SHONE

68 Mostrar SHOW SHOWS SHOWING SHOWED SHOWN

69 Disparar SHOOT SHOOTS SHOOTING SHOT SHOT

70 Encoger SHRINK SHRINKS SHRINKING SHRANK SHRUNK

71 Cantar SING SINGS SINGING SANG SUNG

72 Sentarse SIT SITS SITTING SAT SAT

73 Dormir SLEEP SLEEPS SLEEPING SLEPT SLEPT

74 Hablar SPEAK SPEAKS SPEAKING SPOKE SPOKEN

75 Gastar SPEND SPENDS SPENDING SPENT SPENT

76 Extender SPREAD SPREADS SPREADING SPREAD SPREAD

77 Clavar STICK STICKS STICKING STUCK STUCK

78 Robar STEAL STEALS STEALING STOLE STOLEN

79 Barrer SWEEP SWEEPS SWEEPING SWEPT SWEPT

80 Nadar SWIM SWIMS SWIMMING SWAM SWUM

81 Tomar TAKE TAKES TAKING TOOK TAKEN

82 Quitar TAKE OFF TAKES OFF TAKING OFF TOOK OFF TOOK OFF

83 Enseñar TEACH TEACHES TEACHING TAUGHT TAUGHT

84 Desgarrar TEAR TEARS TEARING TORE TORN

85 Decir TELL TELLS TELLING TOLD TOLD

86 Pensar THINK THINKS THINKING THOUGHT THOUGHT

87 Lanzar THROW THROWS THROWING THREW THROWN

88 Entender UNDERSTAND UNDERSTANDS UNDERSTANDING UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD

89 Usar WEAR WEARS WEARING WORE WORN

90 Ganar WIN WINS WINNING WON WON

91 Escribir WRITE WRITES WRITING WROTE WRITTEN


C.B.T.I.S. Nº 84 62

PRONUNCIACIÓN DE VERBOS REGULARES EN TIEMPO PASADO

El sonido final de verbos regulares en tiempo pasado se rige por tres reglas: 1.- LA "ED" FINAL SE PRONUNCIA "ID" PARA VERBOS CUYO SONIDO FINAL ES "D" O "T".

waited visited invited needed decided

2.- LA "ED" FINAL SE PRONUNCIA "T" PARA VERBOS CUYO SONIDO TERMINA EN "F", "K", "P", "S", "CH", "SH" O "X".

laughed helped watched fixed worked dressed washed

3.- LA "ED" FINAL ES PRONUNCIADA "D" PARA LOS VERBOS CUYOS SONIDOS DIFIEREN DE LAS DOS REGLAS ANTERIORES.

rained lived played smiled

Documents

FOLLETO DE INGLÉS IV 2012