Formatos de Prácticas Química Orgánica i. q 1

8/20/2019 Formatos de Prácticas Química Orgánica i. q 1

1/28

FORMATOS DE PRÁCTICAS CORRESPONDIENTES A LA QUÍMICA ORGÁNICA I.QUÍMICA.

“CLASIFICACIÓN DE LOS COMPUESTOS ORGÁNICOS POR SU SOLUBILIDAD ENDISOLVENTES ORGÁNICOS Y SOLUCIONES REACTIVAS”

OBJETIVOS:

Conocer e co!"or#$!%en#o &e 'o()%%&$& &e o' co!"(e'#o' or*+n%co' , 'o(c%one're$c#%-$'.

A"ren&er $ (#%%/$r $' "r(e)$' &e 'o()%%&$& "$r$ $ 'eecc%0n &e &%'o-en#e %&e$ en $recr%'#$%/$c%0n.

A"ren&er $ (#%%/$r $ %n1or!$c%0n o)#en%&$ &e $' "r(e)$' &e 'o()%%&$&.

Reconocer $ 'o()%%&$& co!o 1en0!eno 12'%co 3(e 'e re$c%on$ con $ e'#r(c#(r$ ,"o$r%&$& &e (n$ !o4c($.

C$'%1%c$r o' &%'o-en#e' co!o "r0#%co' , $"r0#%co'.

PARTE E5PERIMENTAL.

De#er!%ne $ 'o()%%&$& &e (n co!"(e'#o or*+n%co %n&%c$&o "or '( "ro1e'or6 $no#$n&o'(' re'(#$&o' en 1or!$ &e #$)$ %n&%c$n&o con 789 '% e' 'o()e6 79 '% e' %n'o()e , 78;9'% e' &(&o'$ $ 'o()%%&$& &e co!"(e'#o en e'#(&%o.

SOLUBILIDAD EN DISOLVENTES ORGÁNICOS.

En #()o &e en'$,e coo3(e $"ro* &e (n '0%&o 1%n$!en#e "(-er%/$&o6 ,$&%c%one e &%'o-en#e en "e3(e?$' "orc%one' @$'#$ !. De &%'o-en#e6 $*%#$n&o-%*oro'$ , con#%n($!en#e. D(r$n#e c$&$ $&%c%0n $no#e '% 'e &e'"ren&e c$or6 *$'e'6c$!)%o' &e coor6 1or!$c%0n &e "rec%"%#$&o6 e#c. S% e co!"(e'#o no 'e &%'(e-e $#e!"er$#(r$ $!)%en#e c$en#$r 7>9 $ !e/c$ '($-e!en#e $*%#$n&o @$'#$ e)(%c%0n.

TABLA PARA LA SOLUBILIDAD EN DISOLVENTES

SLUBILIDAD H2O MeOH EtOH

ACETONA ACOEt CHCl3 CCl4

HEXANO

SOLUBILIDAD EN SOLUCIONES REACTIVAS

E co!"or#$!%en#o 3(2!%co &e co!"(e'#o or*+n%co 'e conoce $ e1ec#($r $' "r(e)$' &e'o()%%&$& &e 4'#e en 'o(c%one' re$c#%-$'. E'#$' 'o(c%one' con'%'#en en N$O $ ,C $ . C($n&o n(e'#ro co!"(e'#o or*+n%co e' !(, 'o()e en O 'e e1ec#$n


2/28

e'#$' "r(e)$' con SO , PO concen#r$&o. E' (n "roce&%!%en#o '%!%$r $ &e&%'o-en#e' %ner#e'6 'oo 3(e no e' nece'$r%o c$en#$r $ !e/c$.

INVESTIGACIÓN PREVIA AL E5PERIMENTO

A9 SOLUBILIDAD: E


3/28

RECRISTALIACIÓN SIMPLE Y EN MECLA DE DISOLVENTES

OBJETIVOS. A"ren&er $ ee*%r e &%'o-en#e $&ec($&o "$r$ (n$ recr%'#$%/$c%0n !e&%$n#e"r(e)$' &e 'o()%%&$&.

A"%c$r $ recr%'#$%/$c%0n co!o $ #4cn%c$ &e "(r%1%c$c%0n &e eecc%0n "$r$ co!"(e'#o'

'0%&o'.

PARTE E5PERIMENTAL.

A9 Seecc%0n &e &%'o-en#e %&e$: S% 'e recr%'#$%/$ e !%'!o co!"(e'#o &e $ "r+c#%c$>6 (#%%/$r e c($&ro o)#en%&o "$r$ "r(e)$' &e 'o()%%&$& corre'"on&%en#e. S% 'e(#%%/$ o#ro co!"(e'#o6 con'#r(%r (n n(e-o c($&ro '%!%$r "$r$ e'#e co!"(e'#o6'%*(%en&o e !%'!o "roce&%!%en#o.

B9 RECRISTALIACIÓN: Pe'e (n *r$!o &e $ !(e'#r$ "(-er%/$&$ , co03(eo en (n!$#r$/ Eren!e,er6 $*re*(e e &%'o-en#e $&ec($&o 74'#e &e)er+ c$en#$r'e"re-%$!en#e9 , $*%#e con'#$n#e!en#e "$r$ $,(&$r $ $ &%'o(c%0n &e $ !(e'#r$. S%

$ &%'o(c%0n e' "$rc%$ !$r3(e e'#e -o(!en , $*re*(e e==9 , c$%en#e $ e)(%c%0n en )$?o !$r2$6 '$-o o' &%'o-en#e' no1$!$)e' 7O6 CC6 e#c.9 3(e "o&r+n c$en#$r'e $ 1$!$ &%rec#$. D(r$n#e ec$en#$!%en#o &e)e !$n#ener'e e -o(!en con'#$n#e.S% e co!"(e'#o #%ene coor e' con-en%en#e $*re*$r c$r)0n $c#%-$&o "or '% 4'#e e'&e)%&o $ $ "re'enc%$ &e %!"(re/$'. F%#re "or *r$-e&$& en c$%en#e "$r$ e%!%n$r c$r)0n $c#%-$&o e %!"(re/$'. M$n#en*$ e e!)(&o , e !$#r$/ &on&e 'e rec%)e e1%#r$&o c$%en#e "$r$ e-%#$r (n$ "re-%$ cr%'#$%/$c%0n6 $-e e c$r)0n $c#%-$&o con (n"oco &e &%'o-en#e c$%en#e6 &ee en1r%$r $ #e!"er$#(r$ $!)%en#e , e'"ere $cr%'#$%/$c%0n6 '2 e'#$ no oc(rre6 %n&/c$$ "or r$'"$&o o "or 'e!)r$&o '% $n $'2no oc(rre6 en1r2e en )$?o &e @%eo , co!)%ne $*(no &e o' &o' !4#o&o'.

Se"$re e '0%&o "or 1%#r$c%0n $ -$c2o6 $-e o' cr%'#$e' con "oco &%'o-en#e 1r2o ,'e3(e $ $%re. C$c(e $ e1%c$c%$ &e $ recr%'#$%/$c%0n en "orcen#$e.

P$r$ $ recr%'#$%/$c%0n en "$r &e &%'o-en#e'6 'o()%%ce $ !(e'#r$ en c$%en#e en e&%'o-en#e en e c($ e' !(, 'o()e6 '%*$ e "roce'o $n#er%or @$'#$ o)#ener e 1%#r$&o%ncooro6 concen#re e 1%#r$&o , $*re*(e e &%'o-en#e en e c($ $ !(e'#r$ e' no 'o()e6en c$%en#e6 *o#$ $ *o#$ @$'#$ 3(e 'e "ro&(/c$ (n$ #(r)%&e/ 3(e &e'$"$rece%n!e&%$#$!en#e6 e'"ere $ cr%'#$%/$c%0n6 '% e'#$ no oc(rre %n&/c$$ "or o' !e&%o'conoc%&o'.

INVESTIGACIÓN PREVIA AL E5PERIMENTO

$9 Cr%'#$%/$c%0n: Gener$%&$&e'6 1(n&$!en#o &e $ cr%'#$%/$c%0n6 %!"or#$nc%$ co!o!4#o&o &e "(r%1%c$c%0n6 "r%nc%"$e' #%"o' &e cr%'#$%/$c%0n6 !4#o&o' "$r$ %n&(c%r $cr%'#$%/$c%0n6 1$c#ore' 3(e %n#er-%enen en e crec%!%en#o &e o' cr%'#$e'6 e%!%n$c%0n &e%!"(re/$' coor%&$'6 1en0!eno &e $&'orc%0n.

)9 T4cn%c$': &%-er'o' #%"o' &e 1%#r$c%0n6 "re"$r$c%0n &e "$"e 1%#ro6 'ec$&o &e "ro&(c#o'recr%'#$%/$&o'6 e-$"or$c%0n &e &%'o-en#e.


4/28

BIBLIOGRAFHA:

R..Bre'#er , V$n&er er1. C(r'o "r+c#%co &e 3(2!%c$ or*+n%c$. E&. A@$!)r$6 E'"$?$7>K=9

A.I Vo*(e6 A Te


5/28

“DETERMINACIÓN DEL PUNTO DE FUSIÓN Y SUBLIMACIÓN”

OBJETIVO:

E $(!no $"ren&er+ $ &e#er!%n$r (n$ "ro"%e&$& 12'%c$ !(, %!"or#$n#e &e o' '0%&o' 3(ee' e "(n#o &e 1('%0n. O)'er-$r+ o' 1$c#ore' e


6/28

Coo3(e en (n !$#r$/ Q%#$'$#o (n #$"0n &e @(e !ono @or$&$&o 3(e e-e (n #()o &een'$,o6 e #()o &e en'$,o &e'e!"e?$ e "$"e &e &e&o 1r2o. En $ r$!$ $#er$ &eQ%#$'$#o 'e cooc$ $ !$n*(er$ $ -$c2o. Coo3(e en e !$#r$/ Q%#$'$#o =.* &e $'('#$nc%$ "ro)e!$ 7K9 , '(4#eo "or e c(eo $ 'o"or#e con (n "%n/$ &e #re' &e&o'. E#()o &e en'$,o 'e en$ c$'% en '( #o#$%&$& &e @%eo , 'e %n#ro&(ce $ #$"0n @or$&$&o &e

#$ !$ner$ 3(e e e


7/28

“CROMATOGRAFHA EN COLUMNA Y CAPA FINA”

OBJETIVO. De!o'#r$r 3(e $ cro!$#o*r$12$ con'#%#(,e (n$ #4cn%c$ -$%o'$ "$r$ 'e"$r$r!e/c$' &e co!"(e'#o'6 e1ec#($r "(r%1%c$c%one'6 &e#er!%n$r @o!o*ene%&$& 7"(re/$9 &e'('#$nc%$' 3(2!%c$' , '( %&en#%1%c$c%0n $'2 co!o '( con#ro en "ro&(cc%0n #4cn%c$.

GENERALIDADES:

L$ cro!$#o*r$12$ e' (n$ #4cn%c$ !(, 'ocorr%&$ "or o' 3(2!%co' en e c$!"o &e $%n-e'#%*$c%0n6 "$r$ $ 'e"$r$c%0n6 %&en#%1%c$c%0n , c$r$c#er%/$c%0n &e co!"(e'#o'or*+n%co'. Pero "$r$ co!"ren&er !eor en 3(e con'%'#e &%c@$ #4cn%c$ e' nece'$r%oe'c$recer c%er#$' &e1%n%c%one' %!"or#$n#e'6 #$e' co!o:

$9 A&'or)en#e. Se e conoce co!o $ 1$'e %n!0-% $ c($ &e)e re(n%r c%er#$'c$r$c#er2'#%c$' %!"or#$n#e'6 #$e' co!o 3(e 4'#e &e)e 'er %n'o()e en e &%'o-en#e(#%%/$&o6 3(e no re$cc%one con 4 o o' co!"(e'#o' 3(e &e'e$n 'er 'e"$r$&o' no &e)e$c#($r co!o c$#$%/$&or &e re$cc%one' "o'%)e' co!o "o%!er%/$c%0n6 &e'co!"o'%c%0n6

%'o!er%/$c%0n6 e#c.

Encon#r$!o' -$r%o' #%"o' &e $&'or)en#e' o' c($e' 'e 'eecc%on$n &e $c(er&o $ o'co!"(e'#o' 3(e 'e &e'e$n 'e"$r$r6 "o$r%&$&6 e#c. De e'#$ !$ner$ "o&e!o' !enc%on$r$ o' !+' (#%%/$&o' en 3(2!%c$ or*+n%c$6 co!o 'on: '2%ce *e , $!%n$. Den#ro &e 4'#o'e


8/28

P#- l# 51e -e"e(t' ' l' (-#*'t#-'+' e% ('' ;%' "e 1e)e (#%"!)e-'- (#*#el (#*le*e%t# )e l' (-#*'t#-'+' e% (#l1*%' ' 51e l'" (#%)!(!#%e" '-'51e e"t' =lt!*' "e lle$e ' ('b# >#l'-!)') )e l#" )!"#l$e%te"0 t!# )e')"#-be%te0 et(.0 "#% )')'" #- l' (-#*'t#-'+' e% ('' ;%' "!e%)# :"t' *1"e%(!ll' -?!)' )e -e'l!7'-.

PARTE EXPERIMENTAL

T#*'- #- l#" ('%t#"0 (#% l#" )e)#" 1l'- e %)!(e0 )#" #-t'#b@et#" l!*!#"0e6e%t#" )e -'"' 1%!)#" #- 1%' )e "1" ('-'". S1*e-!-l#" e% (1e"t!,% )e"e1%)#"0 )e%t-# )e 1%' "1"e%"!,% )e el )e "l!(e e% '(et't# )e et!l#/ "e('-l' el(1l' )e el )e "l!(e0 )e '-#6!*')'*e%te .3 ** )e e"e"#-0 "e'-'-l#" #-t'#b@et#". A (#%t!%1'(!,%0 'l!('- (#% '1)'" )e 1% *!(-# ('!l'- > ' l')!"t'%(!' )e . (* )el' e6t-e*# !%+e-!#- )e l' l'(' )e el )e "l!(e/ 1%' #t';%' )e l' *e7(l' )e "1"t'%(!'" #- "e'-'- te%!e%)# (1!)')# )e %# t#('- l'el(1l' )el ')"#-be%te '-' %# e"t-ell'-l'. S! l' *e7(l' ' (-#*'t#-';'- e"t?

*1 )!l1!)' # (l'-'0 'l!('- )e 2 ' 3 #t'"0 )e@'%)# "e('- (')' 'l!('(!,% (1!)'%)# 9'(e-l' e% el *!"*# 1%t# "!% -#*e- l' el(1l' )el ')"#-be%te.

C1b-!- #- )e%t-# 1% +-'"(# )e b#(' '%(9' >20 (#% 'el ;lt-# -e$!'*e%te91*e)e(!)# (#% el el1e%te '-e'- 'l +-'"(# 1%' ('%t!)') )e el1e%te t'l051e 'l !%t-#)1(!- l' l'('0 el l51!)# t#51e el ')"#-be%te e-# %# ' l' *1e"t-'-#ble*'.

C!e--e l' (?*'-' "!% *#$e-l' #b"e-$e #- l' *!-!ll' e% el 'el ;lt-# l''"(e%"!,% )el el1e%te/ 'l lle'- :"te ('"! 'l e6t-e*# "1e-!#- )e l' l'('0"'('- :"t' )e l' (?*'-' (#% l' 1%t' )el l?!7 *'-('- "1'$e*e%te l' 'lt1-'

'l('%7')' #- el el1e%te )el!%e'- l'" *'%(9'" 51e 9''% ''-e(!)#. E%('"# )e 51e %# "e #b"e-$e% )!(9'" *'%(9'"0 "e-? %e(e"'-!# -e$el'- (#%(1'le"51!e-' )e l#" "!1!e%te" (#*1e"t#"8 !#)#0 "1l+'t# (:-!(#0 204&)!%!t-#+e%!l9!)-'7!%'0 et(. Me)!- l' )!"t'%(!' )el 1%t# )e 'l!('(!,% )e l'*1e"t-' -#ble*' 'l (e%t-# )e l' *'%(9' )!$!)!- :"t' e%t-e l' )!"t'%(!' )el#-!e% ' l' 'lt1-' 51e 'l('%7, el el1e%te "!e%)# el -e"1lt')#0 l' (#%"t'%te -+.C'-'(te-"t!(' )e l#" (#*1e"t#" e% e"t')# 1-#.

P'-' "ele((!#%'- el el1e%te !)e'l e" %e(e"'-!# (#--e- t'%t#" (-#*'t#-'*'"(#*# "e -e51!e-'%0 )e t'l *'%e-' )e l#-'- l' "e'-'(!,% ,t!*' )e l#"(#*#%e%te" )e l' *e7(l' -#ble*'. P'-' ell# "e !-? 9'(!e%)# 1"# )el

)!"#l$e%te )e *e%#- #l'-!)')0 )e 51e "e )!"#%'0 9'"t' lle'- 'l )e *'#-#l'-!)')0 9'(!e%)# 1"# )e"1:" )e "e- %e(e"'-!#0 )e *e7(l'" )e )!"#l$e%te"e% )!+e-e%te" -##-(!#%e".

U%' $e7 "ele((!#%')# el el1e%te !)e'l0 1% "#l# )!"#l$e%te # 1%' *e7(l' )e)!"#l$e%te"0 e% l' +#-*' )e"(-!t'0 "e *#%t' 1%' (#l1*%' (-#*'t#-?;(' (#%'1)' )e 1%' (#l1*%' )e $!)-!# 'l' 51e -e$!'*e%te "e le (#l#(' 1% e51e#t-#7# )e 'l#),% '%te" )e "1 "'l!)' >30 e%"e1!)' !%t-#)1(!- (#% '1)' )e 1%


9/28

e*b1)#0 1%' "1"e%"!,% )e ' . )e "l!(e el '-' (#l1*%'0 e% 4 *l )e)!"#l$e%te0 !1'l 'l' 1"')# '-' )!"#l$e- l' *1e"t-' -#ble*'0 l' (1'l "e-?-##-(!#%')' #- el -#+e"#- >4. Se )ebe e$!t'- l' +#-*'(!,% )e -!et'" #b1-b1@'" )e '!-e/ )e@e "'l!- el )!"#l$e%te $e9(1l# 9'"t' )e@'- *l )e :l #-e%(!*' )el "l!(e el e$!t'%)# '" 51e "e "e51e l' (#l1*%'.

A)!(!#%'- *l )e l' "1"t'%(!' -#ble*'0 e%"e1!)' el el1e%te "ele((!#%')# e%$#l=*e%e" )e e% *l0 'b-!e%)# l' ll'$e )e l' (#l1*%' '-' )e@'-l' (#--e-le%t'*e%te ' t-'$:" )e ell' 9'"t' #b"e-$'- l' "e'-'(!,% (#--e(t' )e l#"(#l#-'%te".

NOTAS

>.& Se t#*' 1% t1b# ('!l'- "e ('l!e%t' #- el (e%t-#0 "e e"t!-' #- l#"e6t-e*#" "e (#-t'/ '" "e #bt!e%e% 2 *!(-# ('!l'-e" # *!(-# !et'" '-'9'(e- "1" 'l!('(!#%e" %e(e"'-!'".

>2.& Se le" -e(#*!e%)' t-'e- +-'"(#" ')e(1')#"0 t'le" (#*# +-'"(#" Ge-be-'lt#"0 $'(#"0 l!*!#" (#% t'')e-'. T-'e- l#" *?" 51e 1e)'%0 1e" "e1e)e% 1t!l!7'- e% -?(t!('" #"te-!#-e".

>3.& El 'l#),% 51e $' 'l +#%)# )e l' (#l1*%' )e be 91*e)e(e-"e (#% el)!"#l$e%te $e9(1l#0 '%te" )e ')!(!#%'- l' "1"e%"!,% )e el )e "l!(e. Al'-e'- :"t'0 l' (#l1*%' )ebe-? #le'-"e l!e-'*e%te '-' 51e l'" '-t(1l'""e '(#*#)e% 9#*#:%e'*e%te # -e"!#%'- l' el (#% 1%' $'-!ll' '(9't')' #-1%# )e "1" e6t-e*#".

>4.& Se 1e)e 9'(e- )e 1% e6t-'(t# #-?%!(#0 )e 1%' *e7(l' )e $eet'le"

*#l!)#" # )e 1% -#)1(t# (#*e-(!'l (#l#-!)# 1"')# '-' l' -e'-'(!,% )ebeb!)'" -e+-e"('%te" >OOL&AID0 PER0 et(.0 "e le" -e(#*!e%)' "e' )e 1$'-e+e-e%te*e%te/ # t'*b!:% )e 1%' *e7(l' )e t!%t'" '71l -#@' )e b#l!l?!7(#*=%. P'-' e"t#0 )ebe% #%e-"e )e '(1e-)# (#% el -#+e"#- (#% '%te-!#-!)').

INESTIGACIN PREIA AL EXPERIMENTO.&

.& C#%"1lt'- *e('%!"*#" (-#*'t#-?;(#".

2.&F'"e" *,$!le" e"t'(!#%'-!'".

3.&F#-*'" )e (-#*'t#-'+' *?" (#*1%e".

4.&C#e;(!e%te" )e '-t!(!,%. I%te-$e%(!,% e% (-#*'t#-'+'.

.&S1"t'%(!'" ')"#-be%te". C'-'(te-"t!('" 51e )ebe% te%e- '-' 1"'-l'" e%(-#*'t#-'+'&.

BIBLIOGRAFÍA


10/28

.& D. Abb#t R.S. A%)-e". I%t-#)1((!,% ' l' (-#*'t#-'+'. E). Al9'*b-'.J.

2.& B-e"te-. C1-"# P-?(t!(# )e Q1*!(' O-?%!('. E). Al9'*b-'0 2K. E)0 E%e"'#l.

3.& Hel*


11/28

DESTILACIN SIMPLE

OBETIOS.&

El 'l1*%# '-e%)e-? ' 'l!('- el (#%(et# )e 1%t# )e eb1ll!(!,% (#*#(#%"t'%te +"!(' ' 1t!l!7'- l' )e"t!l'(!,% "!*le (#*# *:t#)# )e 1-!;('(!,%)e 1% l51!)#.

PARTE EXPERIMENTAL*#%te el ''-'t# (#*# "e !%)!(' e% l' ;1-' >':%)!(e .(#l#51e 3*L. De l' beb!)' 'l(#9,l!(' >20 e% el *'t-'7 )e )e"t!l'(!,%. A-e1e!e)-'" '-' -e1l'- l' eb1ll!(!,%. C'l!e%te >3 (#%t-#l'%)# el ('l#- "!%!%te--1*!-. H'' (!-(1l'- el '1' e% el -e+-!e-'%te e% el *#*e%t# )e e*e7'-

el ('le%t'*!e%t# >4. Ob"e-$e l' te*e-'t1-' (1'%)# e*!e(e ' )e"t!l'- ell51!)#.

El!*!%e l#"2 , 3 -!*e-#" *!l!l!t-#" 51e "#% l' ('be7' )el )e"t!l')#. D1-'%te l')e"t!l'(!,% "e'-e8 ('be7'0 (1e-# (#l'.

Ob"e-$e '%#te l' te*e-'t1-' )el )e"t!l')# (')' 2 *l. P'-' #)e- t-'7'- 1%'-?;('.De #- te-*!%')# l' )e"t!l'(!,% (1'%)# 51e)e e% el *'t-'7 1% -e"!)1# )e 3 ' 4

*L >(#l'. E"te -e"!)1# e" $'-!'ble "e=% l' )e"t!l'(!,% 51e "e e"t: -e'l!7'%)#.

Te-*!%')' l' )e"t!l'(!,% e%t-e1e el l51!)# 51e "e'-,. L#" -e"1lt')#"e6e-!*e%t'le" 51e )ebe-? !%(l1!- e% "1 !%+#-*e "#% l#" "!1!e%te"8

T-'(e 1%' -?;(' e% 'el *!l!*:t-!(# )e T (#%t-' .2 Dete-*!%e el #-(e%t'@e )e 'l(#9#l 51e "e "e'-,.3 F#-*1le (#%(l1"!#%e" e% b'"e ' )'t#" e6e-!*e%t'le". El ''-'t# (#*let# "e *#%t' "#b-e "##-te" *e)!'%te !%7'" 51e

)ebe-?% e"t'- (1b!e-t'" (#% t1b#" )e #*' # '"be"t#0 '-' e$!t'- l' -1t1-')el $!)-!# #- l' -e"!,% e@e-(!)' 'l '-et'-. 2 El 'l1*%# )ebe t-'e- 3&3 *L. De (1'l51!e- beb!)' 'l(#9,l!('. 3 El ('le%t'*!e%t# )el *'t-'7 )ebe 9'(e-"e *e)!'%te *e(9e-# B1%"e% (#%1%' tel' )e '"be"t#0 1% b'# )e '1' # )e '(e!te 1%' ('%'"t!ll' )e ('le+'((!,%el:(t-!(# # 1%' l?*'-' )e !%+-'--#@#. El -#+e"#- !%)!('-' el *e)!# )e ('le%t'*!e%t#.


12/28

4 C#%e(te el '1' e% el -e+-!e-'%te '-' 51e (!-(1le ' (#%t-' (#--!e%te

INESTIGACION PREIA AL EXPERIMENTO

.& Te#-' )e l' )e"t!l'(!,%.2.& P-e"!,% )e $'#-.3.& P1%t# )e eb1ll!(!,% e !%te-$'l# )e eb1ll!(!,%.4.& Eb1ll!(!,% "#b-e('le%t'*!e%t#..& U"# )e l' )e"t!l'(!,% "!*le.J.& De;%!(!,% )e ('be7'0 (1e-#0 (#l' )e l' )e"t!l'(!,%..& P!e7'" '-' *#%t'- 1% "!"te*' )e )e"t!l'(!,% "!*le..& I*#-t'%(!' )el *#%t'@e (#--e(t# e% l' )e"t!l'(!,% "!*le..& E*le# )el -e+-!e-'%te )e '1' # )e '!-e e% l' )e"t!l'(!,%.

.& P-e('1(!#%e" %e(e"'-!'" e% l' )e"t!l'(!,% )e l51!)#" !%'*'ble".

B I B L I O G R A F I A

R.Q. B-e"te- C.A. e%)e- e-+0 C1-"# P-'(t!(# )e Q1*!(' O-'%!(e0 2KE).0 Al'*b-'0 E"'' >J0 ?!%'"8 3& ..

2 A.I. #el Te6t&B##< P-'(t!('l O-'%!( C9e*!"t-0 3K E).0 L#%*'%"0 L#%)#%>20 'e"8 &40 3& ..

3 .A. M##-e D.L. D'l-*le0 E6e-!*e%t'l *et9#)" !% #-'%!( (9e*!"t-0 2KE).0 .B. S'1%)e-"0 U.S.A. >J0 'e" 3&43 ..

4 G. R. R#be-t"#% T.L. '(#b"0 L'b#-'t#- P-'(t!(e #+ O-'%!( C9e*!"t-0 4KE).0 M'(M!ll'% C#*'%0 U.S.A >20 'e"8 34&30 & ..

. C'"#% H. R'##-t0 L'b#-'t#- Te6t !% O-'%!( C9e*!"t-0 3K E).0P-e%t!(e H'll I%(.0 U.S.A 'e"8 4 ..

B.. HAARD >t-')1((!#%0 O-'%!(1*. P-'(t!('l 9'%)b##< #- O-'%!(

C9e*!"t-0 K E).0 A))!"#%&e"le P1bl!"9!% C#*'%0 I%(. U.S.A >J30?!%' 8 42 ..


13/28

De"t!l'(!,% +-'((!#%')'

OBETIOS.&

El 'l1*%# (#%#(e-? 1% -#(e"# )e 1-!;('(!,% )e 1%' *e7(l' )e l51!)#" e%(#%t-'-' e6e-!*e%t'l*e%te l'" )!+e-e%(!'" e%t-e 1%' )e"t!l'(!,% "!*le 1%' )e"t!l'(!,% +-'((!#%')'.

PARTE EXPERIMENTAL.&

M#%te el ''-'t# (#*# "e !%)!(' e% l' ;1-'8 >':%)!(e.

A%te" )e e+e(t1'- l' )e"t!l'(!,%0 e*'51e l' (#l1*%' (#% ;b-' )e '(e-# >2 )!"t-!b='l' 9#*#:%e'*e%te e% l' (#l1*%'. C#l#51e 3 *L. >3 )e l' *!"*'beb!)' 'l(#9,l!(' 51e 1t!l!7# e% l' )e"t!l'(!,% '-e1e !e)-'" '-' -e1l'- l'eb1ll!(!,%.

H'' (!-(1l'- el '1' e% (#%t-'(#--!e%te e% el -e+-!e-'%te e% el *#*e%t# )e!%!(!'- el ('le%t'*!e%t#. C'l!e%te le%t'*e%te0 -e1l'%)# el ('l#- "!%!%te--1(!#%e" >4. Ob"e-$e l' te*e-'t1-' (1'%)# e*!e(e ' )e"t!l'- el l51!)# el!*!%e l#" -!*e-#" 2 *L. >C'be7'.Ob"e-$e '%#te l' le(t1-' (')' 2 *L. De )e"t!l')# '-' t-'7'- 1%' -?;('.

Dete%' l' )e"t!l'(!,% (1'%)# 51e)e 1% -e"!)1# )e 3 *L. E% el *'t-'7.

Te-*!%e l' )e"t!l'(!,% e%t-e1e el l51!)# 51e "e'-#. L#" -e"1lt')#"e6e-!*e%t'le" 51e )ebe-?% !%(l1!- e% "1 !%+#-*e "#% l#" "!1!e%te"8

T-'(e 1%' -?;(' e% 'el *!l!*:t-!(#".2 Dete-*!%e el #-(e%t'@e )e 'l(#9#l 51e "e'-,.3 C#*'-e l#" -e"1lt')#" )e l'" )#" )e"t!l'(!#%e" -e'l!7')'" +#-*1le(#%(l1"!#%e" e% b'"e ' )'t#" e6e-!*e%t'le".

NOTAS.&

> Se )ebe te%e- l'" *!"*'" -e('1(!#%e" 51e e% 1%' )e"t!l'(!,% "!*le.>2 P'-' '1*e%t'- el -')!e%te )e te*e-'t1-' e% l' (#l1*%'0 (#%$!e%e(1b-!-l' e6te-%'*e%te (#% ;b-' )e $!)-!#.

T'% -#%t# te-*!%e )e )e"t!l'- el!*!%e l' ;b-' )e '(e-# e% l' (#l1*%' '-'e$!t'- 51e e"t' "e *'%(9e.>3 E% 1%' )e"t!l'(!,% el *'t-'7 )ebe lle%'-"e 9'"t' l' *!t') )e "1 $#l1*e%.


14/28

>4 El ('le%t'*!e%t# )el *'t-'7 )ebe 9'(e-"e *e)!'%te *e(9e-# B1%"e% (#%1%' tel' )e '"be"t#0 1% b'# )e '1' # )e '(e!te 1%' ('%'"t!ll' )e ('le+'((!,%el:(t-!(# # 1%' l?*'-' )e !%+-'--#@#. El -#+e"#- !%)!('-' el *e)!# )e('le%t'*!e%t#.


.& Te#-' )e l' )e"t!l'(!,% +-'((!#%')'2.& Me7(l' )e )#" "1"t'%(!'" l!51!)'". S#l1(!#%e" !)e'le" %# !)e'le".3.& Le )e R'#1lt. De"$!'(!#%e" ' l' le )e R'#1lt >#"!t!$'" %e't!$'".4.& U"# )e l' (#l1*%' )e +-'((!#%'*!e%t#..& 'l#- )e l't# te,-!(#..& D!+e-e%te" t!#" )e (#l1*%' e*'51eJ.& De"t!l'(!,% +-'((!#%')' )e "#l1(!#%e" %# !)e'le"..& C1-$'" )e )e"t!l'(!,%.

.& Me7(l'" '7e#t-,!('"..& R1t1-' )e Me7(l'" '7e#t-,!('".


R.Q. B-e"te- C.A. e%)e- e-+0 C1-"# P-'(t!(# )e Q1*!(' O-'%!(e0 2KE).0 Al'*b-'0 E"'' >J0 '!%'"8 3& ..

2 . C'"#% H. R'##-t0 L'b#-'t#- Te6t !% O-'%!( C9e*!"t-0 3K E).0

P-e%t!(e H'll I%(.0 U.S.A 'e"8 4&0 & ..

3 B.. HAARD >t-')1((!#%0 O-'%!(1*. P-'(t!('l 9'%)b##< #- O-'%!(C9e*!"t-0 K E).0 A))!"#%&e"le P1bl!"9!% C#*'%0 I%(. U.S.A >J30?!%' 8 4& ..

4 .A. M##-e D.L. D'l-*le0 E6e-!*e%t'l *et9#)" !% #-'%!( (9e*!"t-0 2KE).0 .B. S'1%)e-"0 U.S.A. >J0 'e" 43 ..

G. R. R#be-t"#% T.L. '(#b"0 L'b#-'t#- P-'(t!(e #+ O-'%!( C9e*!"t-0 4KE).0 M'(M!ll'% C#*'%0 U.S.A >20 'e"8 4& ..

A.I. #el Te6t&B##< P-'(t!('l O-'%!( C9e*!"t-0 3K E).0 L#%*'%"0 L#%)#%>20 'e"8 &2 ..


15/28

DESTILACIN POR ARRASTRE DE APOR

OBETIOS.&

El 'l1*%# (#%#(e-? l' t:(%!(' l' t:(%!(' )e l' )e"t!l'(!,% #- '--'"t-e )e $'#-.Al!('-? e"t' t:(%!(' ' l' e6t-'((!,% )e '(e!te" e"e%(!'le" )e l!*,%0 %'-'%@'0('%el'0 (l'$#0 #t-'" "1"t'%(!'" (#*# el &)!(l#-# be%(e%# '%!l!%'.

PARTE EXPERIMENTAL.&

A-*e el ''-'t# (#*# "e !%)!(' e% l' ;1-' 2 >':%)!(e.

"e=% el )!'-'*' A e" el e%e-')#- )e $'#- e"t? -#$!"t# )e 1% t1b# )e$!)-!#0 el (1'l "e !%t-#)1(e b'@# l' "1e-;(!e )el '1' >t1b# )e "e1-!)').

El $'#- '"' 'l *'t-'7 B #- *e)!# ) 1% t1b# )#bl')# e% +#-*' '-#!')'.E"te t1b# "e !%t-#)1(e 'l *'t-'7 51e (#%t!e%e l' *1e"t-' 9'"t' el +#%)#. El-e+-!e-'%te0 t!e%e 1%' l!e-' !%(l!%'(!,% '-' 51e el )e"t!l')# e"(1--' 9'(!' 1%$'"# (#le(t#- C.

C#l#51e l' "1"t'%(!' -#ble*' >('"('-' )e l!*,%0 %'-'%@'0 (l'$# # ('%el'0 e%el *'t-'7 B. H1*e)e7(' l!e-'*e%te l' "1"t'%(!' -#ble*' >2. T'*b!:%

1e)e e6t-'e- el &)!(l#-#be%(e%# )e l#" )e"#)#-'%te" "'%!t'-!#" # 1-!;('-'%!l!%'.

C'l!e%te el '1' )el *'t-'7 A >3 (1'%)# e*!e7' ' '"'- $'#- ' "e('l!e%t' 1% #(# B.0 '-' e$!t'- l' (#%)e%"'(!,% )el $'#- )e '1'.

C1'%)# e*!e7' ' ('le%t'-"e el *'t-'7 A0 9'' (!-(1l'- el '1' e% el-e+-!e-'%te.El ('le%t'*!e%t# "e "1"e%)e (1'%)# "e 9'% -e(#!)# 'l-e)e)#- )e 2&*L. De )e"t!l')#.

Al ;%'l )e l' )e"t!l'(!,% #b"e-$e e% l' "1e-;(!e )el )e"t!l')# #t'" )e '(e!tee"e%(!'l e6t-')#0 "e'-e "! e" #"!ble0 el '(e!te e"e%(!'l e% 1% e*b1)# )e"e'-'(!,% >4.S! e*le# )e"#)#-'%te "'%!t'-!#0 #%' l' *e7(l' &)!(l#-#be%(e%#&'1' 'e%+-!'- e% 1% b'# )e 9!el#0 )e"1:" "e'-e #- ;lt-'(!,% el &)!(l#-#be%(e%#.Ut!l!(e e*b1)# B1(9%e-.


16/28

NOTAS.&

> S#"te%' l#" *'t-'(e" (#% !%7'". L'" (#%e6!#%e" )ebe% e"t'- b!e%'@1"t')'".>2 E*lee )e &2-. De *1e"t-' e% ('"# )e 1"'- '%!l!%' &0 'l #%e- l'

*1e"t-' e% el *'t-'7 B -!*e-# (#l#51e l'" (#%e6!#%e" )e"1:" l' *1e"t-''-' e$!t'- 51e "e #b"t-1' el t1b# 51e lle' 'l +#%)# )el *'t-'7.>3 ('l!e%te el *'t-'7 e%e-')#- )e $'#- A e% +#-*' e-*'%e%te.C'l!e%te #('"!#%'l*e%te el *'t-'7 51e (#%t!e%e l' *1e"t-'.P#%' e% el *'t-'7 A !e)-'" '-' -e1l'- l' eb1ll!(!,%.E*le: tel' )e '"be"t# '-' !*e)!- 51e l' ll'*' )e"t-1' el 91le )e l'"!%7'".>4 =%!('*e%te -e'l!7'-' l' e6t-'((!,% (1'%)# l' ('%t!)') )el '(e!te e"e%(!'l"e' (#%"!)e-'ble0 el '(e!te "e'-')# l# 1e)e -e(#e- e% 1% +-'"(# e51e#. S!l' ('%t!)') )el '(e!te #bte%!)' e" e51e' =%!('*e%te 91*e)e7(' "1 '1el#(#% el )e"t!l')#.


.& Te#-' )e l' )e"t!l'(!,% #- '--'"t-e )e $'#-2.& Le )e D'lt#%. Al!('(!,% e% l' )e"t!l'(!,% #- '--'"t-e )e $'#-3.& De"t!l'(!,% )e l51!)#" !%*!"(!ble"4.&C'-'(te-!"t!('" 51e )ebe -e1%!- l'" "1"t'%(!'" '-' #)e- 'l!('- l')e"t!l'(!,% #- '--'"t-e )e $'#-. E@e*l#"..& Al!('(!,% )e l' )e"t!l'(!,% #- '--'"t-e )e $'#-.


R.Q. B-e"te- C.A. e%)e- e-+0 C1-"# P-'(t!(# )e Q1*!(' O-'%!(e0 2KE).0 Al'*b-'0 E"'' >J0 '!%'"8 3&42 ..

2 . C'"#% H. R'##-t0 L'b#-'t#- Te6t !% O-'%!( C9e*!"t-0 3K E).0P-e%t!(e H'll I%(.0 U.S.A 'e"8 & ..

3 .A. M##-e D.L. D'l-*le0 E6e-!*e%t'l *et9#)" !% #-'%!( (9e*!"t-0 2K

E).0 .B. S'1%)e-"0 U.S.A. >J0 'e" J3& ..

4 G. R. R#be-t"#% T.L. '(#b"0 L'b#-'t#- P-'(t!(e #+ O-'%!( C9e*!"t-0 4KE).0 M'(M!ll'% C#*'%0 U.S.A >20 'e"8 &30 J&J ..

A.I. #el Te6t&B##< P-'(t!('l O-'%!( C9e*!"t-0 3K E).0 L#%*'%"0 L#%)#%>20 'e"8 2& ..


17/28


18/28

EXTRACCIN

OBETIO8

C#%#(e- l' t:(%!(' )e e6t-'((!,% (#*# *:t#)# )e "e'-'(!,%0 '!"l'*!e%t# 1-!;('(!,% )e "1"t'%(!'" !%te-'%te" )e 1%' *e7(l'. C#%#(e- )!+e-e%te" t!#"

-#(e"#" )e e6t-'((!,% '" (#*# e6t-'(t#-e" )e l'b#-'t#-!#. C#--el'(!#%'-b'"e" te,-!('" #"!b!l!)')e" e% "1 'l!('(!,% ' l' -e"#l1(!,% )e -#ble*'"e"e(;(#".

PARTE EXPERIMENTAL

E6t-'((!,% Sele(t!$'8

E6t-'((!,% '!"l'*!e%t# )e l#" (#*#%e%te" )e 1%' *e7(l' >-e'-')'')l!b!t1* #- el -#+e"#- )e ?(!)# be%7#!(#0 . t#l1!)!%' %'+t'le%#. D!"1el$'2. )e l' *e7(l' e% *l. De :te- >1e)e el -#+e"#- "1e-!- #t-# )!"#l$e%te.

P?"el# ' 1% e*b1)# )e "e'-'(!,%.

E6t-'((!,% )el ?(!)# be%7#!(#8 A-e1e *l. De N'OH 'l V 'l (#%te%!)# )ele*b1)#0 #%' el t',% "1@ete ;-*e*e%te el e*b1)# (#% 1%' *'%#0 t#*el' #-(!,% )e l' ll'$e (#% l' #t-'/ !%$!e-t' (1!)')#"'*e%te >ll'$e 9'(!' '--!b' 'b-' l' ll'$e '-' )!"*!%1!- l' -e"!,% )e $'#- )e%t-# )el e*b1)#. C!e--e l'll'$e *e7(le l#" )#" l51!)#" (#% '!t'(!,% "1'$e0 'l!$!'%)# -e"!,% )e"1:")e (')' '!t'(!,%. U%' '!t'(!,% $!#-#"' t!e%)e ' -#)1(!- e*1l"!#%e"0 l# (1'le" %e't!$# >2. 1el$' el e*b1)# ' "1 #"!(!,% %#-*'l0 )e"t'e )e@e -e#"'-9'"t' "e'-'(!,% )e (''" # +'"e". U%' $e7 "e'-')'" l'" +'"e"0 "e'-e l''(1#"' 'b-!e%)# l' ll'$e 9'"t' te%e- ",l# l' #-?%!(' e% el e*b1)# >l' ll'$e "e

(!e--' e% el *#*e%t# e% 51e "e !%te-('-' '"' #- l' -'%1-' )e l' *!"*'. El?(!)# be%7#!(# e6t-')# 51e)' e% l' +'"e '(1#"'. C#le(te e% 1% *'t-'7E-le%*ee- e51e# '(!)1le (#% HCl (#%(e%t-')# '-' l!be-'- el ?(!)#be%7#!(#. Se'-e #- ;lt-'(!,% 'l $'(#.

E6t-'((!,% )e l' . T#l1!)!%'8 Se'-e l' . T#l1!)!%' )e l' +'"e #-?%!(' (#%*. )e HCl 'l V0 1%' $e7 "e'-')' l' +'"e '(1#"'0 "e l!be-' l' b'"e (#%N'OH 'l 2V. Se'-e #- ;lt-'(!,% 'l $'(#0 e"e "1 -#)1(t#.

N'+t'le%#. El %'+t'le%# 51e)'-? )!"1elt# e% l' +'"e et:-e'. C#l#51e e"t' +'"e#-?%!(' e% 1% *'t-'7 E-le%*ee- "e51e (#% 'l=% 'e%te 9!-#"(,!(#.

A!te "1'$e*e%te ;lt-e. Le$e ' "e51e)') el ;lt-')# #bte%' '" el%'+t'le%#.

NOTAS

C'l(1le el #-(e%t'@e e% e"# )e (')' "1"t'%(!' e% b'"e 'l e"# )e *1e"t-'t#*')'.


19/28

2 P-e('1(!,%8 El :te- e" 1% )!"#l$e%te 'lt'*e%te '*'ble0 )ebe (#%t'-"e (#%$e%t!l'(!,% ('*'%'" )e t!# ')e(1')#. E$!te ll'*'" (9!"'".

3 l'" e*1l"!#%e" "e 1e)e% "e'-'- # -#*e- #- -e#"#0 ('*b!# e% el H0')!(!,% )e "'le" 'lt'*e%te !#%!7'ble"0 '!t'(!,% (#% 1%' $'-!ll' )e $!)-!#0(e%t-!+1'(!,%0 et(.

>3 C#%t-#l'- (#% 'el H

INESTIGACIN PREIA AL EXPERIMENTO

De;%!(!,% b'"e" te,-!('" )e8 +'"e"0 "#l1b!l!)')00 (#e;(!e%te )e -e'-t#0e6t-'((!,%. D!+e-e%te" t!#" -#(e"#" )e e6t-'((!,% '" (#*# e6t-'(t#-e" )el'b#-'t#-!# >"#69let. E(1'(!,% te,-!(' (?l(1l# )e e6t-'((!#%e" *=lt!le".

T!#" 1"#" )e 'e%te" "e('%te". A%?l!"!"0 -e'((!#%e" +1%)'*e%t#" )e t#)#" (')' 1%# )e l#" '"#" e% l' t:(%!('. P-#!e)')e" )e -e'(t!$#" -#)1(t#"!%$#l1(-')#"0 '" (#*# -el'" )e "e1-!)') '-' "1 *'%e@#.

BIBLIOGRAFÍA8

&B-e"te- ')e- e-+. C1-"# -?(t!(# )e Q1*!(' O-?%!('. 2K. E)!(!,%. E).Al9'*b-'0 E"'' >J.

&#1el0 A.I. A te6tb##< #+ -'(t!('l O-'%!( C9e*!"t-. 3 -). E)!t!#%. L#%*'%"0L#%)#%0 >2

&P'"t#. Dete-*!%'(!,% )e E"t-1(t1-'" O-?%!('". Re$e-t:0 E"''0 >J4.


20/28

ALQUENOS8 DESHIDRATACIN DE UN ALCOHOL PARA LA OBTENCIN DE

OLEFINAS W PRUEBAS DE INSATURACIN

(CICLOHEXENO Y/O ETENO)

HO

H2SO4

HO

HO

Br

HO

Br

Br Br 2 / CCl4

Br 2 / H2O

KMnO4 / H2O

O

Br

Br

O

Br

OO

H2SO4

Br 2

CCl4

Br 2

H2O

KMnO4

H2O

OBJETIVOS.-


21/28

A"ren&er (n !4#o&o &e "re"$r$c%0n &e $3(eno'6 e'"ec21%c$!en#e "or

&e'@%&r$#$c%0n c$#$2#%c$ &e (n $co@o , "r(e)$' &e %n'$#(r$c%0n 3(e e 'er-%r+n "$r$

&e#ec#$r $ "re'enc%$ &e cen#ro' &e %n'$#(r$c%0n $'2 co!o $ con#ro$r o' 1$c#ore'

e9 Re$cc%0n con )ro!o. A*re*(e > !L. &e (n$ 'o(c%0n &e )ro!o en #e#r$cor(ro

&e c$r)ono $ > !L. &e c%co@e !L. &e (n$ 'o(c%0n &e

"er!$n*$n$#o &e "o#$'%o 7$c%&($&$ $ " 9 $ > !L. &e c%co@e


22/28

'(1r%co concen#r$&o6 c$%en#e $ !e/c$ &e re$cc%0n , )(r)(ee e e#eno en #()o' &e

en'$,o con#en%en&o:

' B-#*# e% tet-'(l#-1-# )e ('-b#%#.

)9 Bro!o en 'o(c%0n $c(o'$.

c9 Per!$n*$n$#o &e "o#$'%o en 'o(c%0n $c(o'$.

INESTIGACIN PREIA.&

Al#$no%.- "ro"%e&$&e' 12'%c$' re$cc%one' &e $&%c%0n $ &o)e' %*$&(r$' !4#o&o' &e

"re"$r$c%0n Aco@oe'. &e'@%&r$#$c%0n c$#$2#%c$ &e $co@oe' c$#$%/$&ore' e!"e$&o'en $ &e'@%&r$#$c%0n &e $co@oe' e'#$)%%&$& &e %one' c$r)on%o.

BIBLIO&RA'(A.-

Moore D$r,!"e, Experimental Methods in Organic Chemistry . S$(n&er'.

U.S.A.6 >K.

Vo*e6 A. I.6 A Texbook of Practical Organic Chemistry . Lon*!$n'6 Lon&on6 >.

e%nnn%n*er6 S. J.6 Qumica Org!nica.6 In#er$!er%c$n$.6 M4K.


23/28

ISOMERÍA CIS&TRANS >ÁCIDO MALICO W FUMÁRICO

OHHO

O O

HO

OH

O

O

HCl

OBJETIVOS.-

Conocer (n !4#o&o 3(e %('#re en e $)or$#or%o $ %'o!er2$ *eo!4#r%c$ en

$3(eno'. Co!"ro)$r $ %'o!er%/$c%0n6 -er%1%c$r "ro"%e&$&e' &e $ !$#er%$ "r%!$ , e

"ro&(c#o. Corre$c%on$r &e"en&enc%$ e'#r(c#(r$ "ro"%e&$&e'.

PARTE EXPERIMENTAL.-

Coo3(e . * &e +c%&o !$e%co 7>9 en (n !$#r$/ &e )o$ , $*re*(e !L. &e $*($

c$%en#e "$r$ &%'o-er e +c%&o. Un$ -e/ &%'(e#o6 $*re*(e en#$!en#e !L. &e C

concen#r$&o. Re1(e &(r$n#e = !%n. Lo' cr%'#$e' &e +c%&o 1(!+r%co 7!eno' 'o()e9 'e

1or!$n en e 'eno &e $ re$cc%0n 79. En1r2e e


24/28

I'o!er2$6 e'#ereo%'o!er2$6 e'#ereo3(2!%c$ , e'#ereo3(2!%c$ en $3(eno'

re$cc%one' , 1(n&$!en#o 3(2!%co &e $ #4cn%c$ "ro"%e&$&e' &e re$c#%-o , "ro&(c#o.

BIBLIO&RA'(A.-

E%e6 Elementos de estereo"umica# L%!('$6 M4K=.


25/28

ALQUINOS

OBTENCIÓN Y REACCIONES DEL ACETILENO

C C2

-

Ca2 + H2O

HC CH

Br 2 / H2O

KMnO4

CuCl / NH3

Ag NO3

HgSO4 / H3O+

Br

Br Br

Br

HO

HO OH

OH

HC CCu

HC CAg

CH3 H

O O2 N

NO2

NH NCH3

OBJETIVOS.-

C#%#(e- 1% *:t#)# )e -e'-'(!,% )e '(et!le%#0 e"e(;('*e%te #-9!)-,l!"!" )e ('-b1-# )e ('l(!#/ e+e(t1'- -1eb'" )e !%"'t1-'(!,% '-' )ete(t'-e"te t!# )e (e%t-#". C#*-#b'- l' '(!)e7 )e l#" 9!)-,e%#" '(et!l:%!(#"

*e)!'%te l' -e'-'(!,% )e '(et!l1-#". C'-'(te-!7'- el '(et!le%# #- l'-e'-'(!,% )e 1% "1b)e-!$')# )e 'lt# e"# *#le(1l'-.

PARTE EXPERIMENTAL.-

E% 1% *'t-'7 )e )#" b#('"0 e6e%t# )e 91*e)')0 (#l#51e 2 )e ('-b1-#)e ('l(!#0 e% 1%' )e l'" b#('" )el *'t-'7 ')'te el e*b1)# )e ')!(!,% (#% J*L. )e '1'0 e% l' #t-' b#(' (#%e(te 1% t1b# )e"-e%)!*!e%t#. G#tee el '1')el e*b1)# "#b-e el ('-b1-#0 "e )e"-e%)e '(et!le%#0 el (1'l )ebe-? b1-b1@e'-

#- *e)!# )el (#le(t#- e% t1b#" 51e (#%te%'% l#" -e'(t!$#" e"e(;(#".

Proce&%!%en#o !o&%1%c$&o: To&o %*($ $ $n#er%or6 '$-o 3(e 'e (#%%/$ (n$ !e/c$

&e K !L &e $*($ con !L &e e#$no co!o $*en#e @%&ro%/$n#e.

R)ccion% , In%)"$r)cin* )(r)(ee $ce#%eno en > $ !L &e (n$ 'o(c%0n &e )ro!o

en #e#r$cor(ro &e c$r)ono. O)'er-e e %n#er"re#e o' c$!)%o' 3(e oc(rren.

http://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/etanol.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/etanol.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/bromo.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/tetracloruro%20de%20carbono.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/etanol.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/bromo.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/tetracloruro%20de%20carbono.pdf


26/28

B(r)(ee $ce#%eno en > $ !L &e (n$ 'o(c%0n $c%&($&$ &e "er!$n*$n$#o &e

"o#$'%o. O)'er-e e %n#er"re#e o' re'(#$&o'.

R)ccion% )r) /or0)r )c"il$ro%* )(r)(ee $ce#%eno $ > o !L &e (n$ 'o(c%0n

&e cor(ro c("ro'o $!on%$c$. B(r)(ee $ce#%eno $ >o !L &e (n$ 'o(c%0n &e n%#r$#o&e "$#$ $!on%$c$.

Hi,rli%i% , )c"ilno* )(r)(ee $ce#%eno en (n !$#r$/ eren!e,er en1r%$&o

e !L &e $*($ , . !L &e +c%&o '(1r%co concen#r$&o , =.

* &e '(1$#o &e !erc(r%o. C($n&o #er!%ne e &e'"ren&%!%en#o &e $ce#%eno6 &ec$n#e e

con#en%&o $ !$#r$/ &e )o$ &e (n$ )oc$ , $&$"#e (n $"$r$#o &e &e'#%$c%0n '%!"e.

C$%en#e 79 , rec%)$ e &e'#%$&o en (n !$#r$/ eren!e,er con >= !L &e 'o(c%0n &e DF6

e !$#r$/ 3(e con#%ene e'#$ 'o(c%0n &e)e e'#$r en )$?o &e @%eo. F%#re e '0%&o $ -$c2o6

$-e con $*($ 1r2$6 'e3(e , e &e#er!%ne e "(n#o &e 1('%0n.

No")%*

U#%%ce re1r%*er$n#e &e $%re "$r$ e'#+ o"er$c%0n.

L$' &o' #4cn%c$' "$r$ $ "re"$r$c%0n &e $ce#%eno &$n )(eno' re'(#$&o'.

Lo' $ce#%(ro' &e co)re , &e "$#$6 'eco'6 'on e:>9 , c$%en#e '($-e!en#e @$'#$ &e'co!"oner e

'0%&o.

C$%en#e &%rec#$!en#e con (n !ec@ero6 e!"e$n&o $!$ !o&er$&$ , $ #e$ &e

$')e'#o en#re e !$#r$/ , e !ec@ero.

INVESTIGACIÓN PREVIA.-

Al#$ino%* "ro"%e&$&e' 12'%c$'6 re$cc%one' &e $&%c%0n $ #r%"e %*$&(r$6 re$cc%one'

&e 1or!$c%0n &e $ce#%(ro'6 !4#o&o' &e "re"$r$c%0n6 %!"or#$nc%$ %n&('#r%$ &e $ce#%eno6

co!"(e'#o' con *r("o' c$r)on%o6 #$(#o!er2$ ce#oen0%c$ re$cc%one' &e %&en#%1%c$c%0n &e

http://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/permanganato%20de%20potasio.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/permanganato%20de%20potasio.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/cloruro%20cuproso.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/nitrato%20de%20plata.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/nitrato%20de%20plata.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/nitrato%20de%20plata.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/acido%20sulfurico.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/sulfato%20mercurico.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/sulfato%20mercurico.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/sulfato%20mercurico.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/24-dinitrofenil%20hidrazina.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/acido%20nitrico.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/permanganato%20de%20potasio.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/permanganato%20de%20potasio.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/cloruro%20cuproso.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/nitrato%20de%20plata.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/nitrato%20de%20plata.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/acido%20sulfurico.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/sulfato%20mercurico.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/24-dinitrofenil%20hidrazina.pdfhttp://organicafesc.netfirms.com/Reactivos/acido%20nitrico.pdf


27/28

*r("o c$r)on%o6 re$cc%0n con 6&%n%#ro1en%@%&r$c%n$6 $n+%'%' &e "roce&%!%en#o

re$cc%one' , !ec$n%'!o' &e o' eK.


28/28

Documents

Formatos de Prácticas Química Orgánica i. q 1