Andrea Testore 1

Mission Requirements

Possibilities: Issues:

RQM

M-RQM: lifetime 50 yrs

M-RQM: GEO orbit

M-RQM: European mission

Wide amount of data

Focused on certain location

Benefits for European country

Andrea Testore 2

Applications definition

Applications:

Human Activities

Civil Defence

Weather

Hydrology

Climate Change

Possibilities:

Wide amount of data

Focused on certain location

Benefits for European country

Andrea Testore 3

Target Location

Human Activities: •  Agriculture•  Cultural Heritage•  Oilfield Subsidence•  Urbanization Control

Civil Defence: •  Earthquake•  Volcano•  Landslide•  Fooding

Weather Hyd

rolo

gy

Climate Change

Andrea Testore 4

Applications RQM

App δa (m)

Time Res. (hr)

Delivery (hr)

Snow 200 2 12

NWP 2000 0.25 0.3

Earthquake 100 6 6

Agriculture 100 24 /

App δa (m)

Time Res. (hr)

Delivery (hr)

Snow 200 2 12

NWP 2000 0.25 0.3

Hydrology 1000 1 1

Agriculture 100 24 /

REQUIRES:

•  Integration Time

•  High frequency

imaging capability

•  Communication link

Andrea Testore 5

Applications analysis

Applications T*δa

Flooding 60 (X)

Earthquake 120 (X)

Snow Mass 400 (L)

NWP 500 (L)

Hydrology 1000 (L)

Cultural Heritage 7200 (X)

Rank Applications

1 Civil Defence

2 Weather

3 Hydrology

4 Human Activities

5 Climate Change

Payload RQM:

System RQM:

•  Active shadowed conditions

•  High flexibility

•  T*δa > 60 mhr (X) •  T*δa > 400 mhr (L)

•  δa > 10 m •  Image within 12 hr •  Applications

•  Europe •  Delivery !

Andrea Testore 6

Payload Operation Ap

p

Gen

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Ago

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Snow

APS

Hydrology

Agriculture

App

Gen

Feb

Mar

Ap

r

May

Jun

Jul

Ago

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Snow

Cultural

Agriculture

Workload types:

•  Spot

•  Seasonal

•  Continuous

Andrea Testore 7

Worst Case Scenario

Monthly Work Load System sizing:

•  March

•  Spot applications

8

Daily duty cycle

Rank Month Allert

Control Logic

Andrea Testore 9

SAR Technology

V

δa

R

δa: Azimuth Resolution

λ : Wavelength

Andrea Testore 10

Velocity East – West

Available velocity along the day:

11

Conclusions

δa Reduction:

Tres Reduction:

0.00%20.00%40.00%60.00%80.00%

100.00%

Earthquake Volcano Agriculture

Orbit&availability&

Usr. RQM Sugg. RQM

No!Images!50%!

Images!50%!

Imaging&availability&

Issues:

RQM

Solutions:

12!

M-RQM: lifetime 50 yrs Satellites overlap

U-RQM: 15 min frequency image

Increase available speed

: wider sample of data

Constellation has been studied in order to provide an even better service:

Multiple area coverage

5700 - Constellation

Andrea!Testore!–!PL!Constella:on!

NICE TO HAVE

2 satellites with out-of-sync ground-track speed.

Issue: Image suffers Atmospheric Phase Shift.

Double Monostatic

13! Andrea!Testore!–!PL!Constella:on!

•  C-RQM: Inter-satellite baseline <38,5 Km

•  C-RQM: Orbit

14!

•  6 hrs InSAR capability

•  Higher imaging capability

•  Applications handover

SMA e i RAAN AOP

42164 0,089 7,5 102 90

RQM

Issue: Higher ΔV for the 2nd generation satellite

Double Monostatic

Andrea!Testore!–!PL!Constella:on!

Bistatic design Issue: 1st generation performance degradation reduce imaging capability.

Flanking 1st gen satellite with new one it can still receive the return signal.

15!

ADCS Degradation Pow

er Degradation

Ac:ve! Dependant!

Band

Com.!

App

RX

Andrea!Testore!–!PL!Constella:on!

16!

•  C-RQM: Inter-satellites baseline < 77 Km (Accuracy λ/8 = 3,75 mm )

•  C-RQM: Precise inter satellites time sync. (nanoseconds)

•  Extend 1st gen. satellite lifetime.

•  Functions handover

•  Single pass InSAR topography

RQM

Bistatic design

λ * S Δr * cos Θ

B⊥= * 0,2

Issue: small orbit percentage available

Andrea!Testore!–!PL!Constella:on!

Multi coverage

•  Wider amount of data

•  Repositioning possibility

•  Different type of applications

Latitude (deg) Longitude (deg)

West 0 99,5 W

Europe 0 0

East 0 110 E

17!

•  C-RQM: Orbital parameters

Andrea!Testore!–!PL!Constella:on!

Applications Interval (hr) Data coverage

Subsidence 24 100%

APS/NWP 0.25 100%

Civil Defence Var. 100%

Hydrology 1 100%

Agriculture 3 100%

Urbanization 720 100%

Applications Interval (hr) Data coverage

Subsidence 24 >80%

Deforestation 2880 >90%

Civil Defence 2800 Poor

Urbanization 720 Poor

GeoSAR West

18!

1

2

Andrea!Testore!–!PL!Constella:on!

19!

Applications Interval (hr) Data coverage

Subsidence 24 100%

APS/NWP 0.25 >90%

Civil Defence Var. 100%

Hydrology 1 >90%

Agriculture 3 93%

Urbanization 720 88,8%

Applications Interval (hr) Data coverage

Subsidence 24 >90%

Civil Defence 2800 poor

Urbanization 720 88,6%

1

2

GeoSAR East

Andrea!Testore!–!PL!Constella:on!

20!

Multi-coverage

Double Monostatic

•  Low formation complexity

•  Larger orbit percentage available

•  Higher fuel mass required

Bistatic

•  Complex formation control

•  Small orbit percentage available

•  More efficient handover

Conclusions

Andrea!Testore!–!PL!Constella:on!

Future work

Study!reposi:oning!opera:on!and!schedule.!

Analyse!func:on!handover!and!define!opera:onal!mode!!

Size!subPsystems!for!higher!sta:on!keeping!cost!(2°!gen.!satellite)!

Andrea!Testore!–!PL!Constella:on!21!