Gestión y diseño de módulos educativos

7/21/2019 Gestin y diseo de mdulos educativos

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GFS]G]X]I SX\HZGIZ ]HCFIAEGCI CGJHZ]HC

\ZIEZBDB MH]G]XABCGF \IZ HP\HZGHFCGB ABJIZBA

EHS]GF W MGSHI MH DMXAIS HMXCB]G_IS \BZB AB

GF]ZBFH]MHA CIAHEGI DBZK@BD

Gfoirdh mh \rctgcbs \riohsgifbahs quh, cidi pbrth mha

\rierbdb mh ]gtuabcgf pir Hxphrghfcgb Abjirba, prhshftb ab

baudfb

DBZGHAB HAAHF CBS]ZI KI@AHZ

\BZB IJ]HFHZ HA ]]XAI MH ]CFGCI HF CID\X]BCGF H

GFOIZD]GCB

BSHSIZHS> \bjai Firgheb - Dgrgbd Dirith

Sbf Gsgmri, fivghdjrh mh :


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FMGCH

\e.

Gftrimuccgf 3

2. Bfthchmhfths

2.2 Mbtis jsgcis 8

2.: Oirdb mh ciaicbcgf hf ab hdprhsb 8

2.3 Cificgdghftis gfoirdtgcis bpagcbmis hf ab prctgcb 0

:. Hdprhsb

:.2 Irebfgerbdb mh ab hdprhsb 2 Bfagsgs y

Mgshi mh Dmuais Hmucbtgvis

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:.=.2 Ehstgf mh \riyhctis :3

:.=.: Mgshi mh dmuais hmucbtgvis :5

:.=.3 Sipirth tcfgci h gforbhstructurb

B. Zhmhs y `brmwbrh

J. Siotwbrhhdpahbmi

32

3=

Cifcausgifhs 3?

Zhcidhfmbcgifhs =2

Bfhxi =3


3/50

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GF]ZIMXCCGF

Ha Ciahegi Dbrk`bd hs uf chftri hmucbtgvi pbrtgcuabr quh sh mhmgcb, mhsmh

27==, b jrgfmbr ufb hmucbcgf jgagfeh mh bati fgvha, cidpbrbjah cif

hstfmbrhs gfthrfbcgifbahs2. Bs dgsdi, iorhch ufb oirdbcgf gftherba quh

phrdgth b sus baudfis bsudgr ais mgvhrsis rhtis quh sh ahs puhmbf prhshftbr

hf ab sicghmbm, fi sai b fgvha bcbmdgci sgfi tbdjgf cuaturba, mhpirtgvi, y hf

ha cbdpi mh abs rhabcgifhs `udbfbs, pifghfmi hsphcgba fobsgs b ab rhbagmbm

fbcgifba b trbvs mh sus prierbdbs mh Hmucbcgf hf _bairhs, Agmhrbzei,

Bpiyi b ab Cidufgmbm y Hmucbcgf ba Bgrh Agjrh.

Hf mgc`b gfstgtucgf, sh icup gfgcgbadhfth ha puhsti mh Nhoh mha Mhpbrtbdhfti

Bcbmdgci mh Cidputbcgf (dbrzi 2772 b mgcghdjrh 2777), b cbrei mha

mhsbrriaai y hfshbfzb mh ab currcuab mh ais cursis mh ]hcfiaieb mh

Gfoirdbcgf hf Shxti erbmi mh \rgdbrgb, \rgdhri y Sheufmi mh Shcufmbrgb, y

ab gdpahdhftbcgf y hfshbfzb mh ais prierbdbs gfthrfbcgifbahs mha GECSHmh

2Ha Ciahegi sgeuh ab currcuab gfthrfbcgifba mh ab Xfgvhrsgmbm mh Cbdjrgmeh, Gfeabthrrb (GECSH

Chrtgogcbmi Gfthrfbcgifba mh Hmucbcgf Shcufmbrgb) hf 3ri y =ti mh shcufmbrgb, y ab currcuabmha Jbc`gaahrbti Gfthrfbcgifba (GJ) hf 8ti y ?ti mh shcufmbrgb.


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Cidputbcgf y mha Jbc`gaahrbti hf Cghfcgbs mh ab Cidputbcgf b fgvha Hstfmbr

y Suphrgir. \isthrgirdhfth, b rbz mh ab gdpahdhftbcgf mha \rierbdb mh

Hfshbfzb cif \irttgahs, sh pbs b icupbr ha puhsti mh Ciirmgfbmirb mh

]hcfiaieb (cbrei bctuba), dbfthfghfmi baeufbs `irbs mh hfshbfzb sai b

fgvha mha GECSHy mha Jbc`gaahrbti.

Hsth puhsti tghfh b su cbrei timis ais bsphctis hmucbtgvis rhabcgifbmis cif ha

\rierbdb mh Hfshbfzb cif \irttgahs: y ab ciirmgfbcgf mha mhsbrriaai mh

dbthrgbahs pbrb ab Gftrbfht Hmucbtgvb, pgabr phmbeegci mh hsth sgsthdb quh

priduhvh ha usi gfthfsgvi mh abs thcfiaiebs mh gfoirdbcgf pbrb aierbr ufb

hmucbcgf mh prgdhr fgvha.

Ha prhshfth gfoirdh mhtbaab ais prichmgdghftis aahvbmis b cbji pbrb mgshbr y

mhsbrriaabr ab GftrbfhtHmucbtgvb, y ais hsouhrzis pir cbpbcgtbr ba priohsirbmi y

ba baudfbmi pbrb aierbr quh mgc`b `hrrbdghftb shb utgagzbmb mh dbfhrb hogcbz y

hohctgvb hf pri mh cudpagr cif ais ijnhtgvis prgdirmgbahs3 mha \rierbdb mh

Hfshbfzb cif \irttgahs.

:\iatgcbs mha prierbdb, Cbpbcgtbcgf mh baudfis y priohsirhs, Sipirth mh prgdhr fgvha (@hapMhsk), Bumgtirbs, Difgtirhi mh baudfis, Ehstgf mh rhcursis chftrbagzbmis (priyhctirhs,cdbrbs mgegtbahs, gdprhsgifhs).3Crhbr baudfis ds gfmhphfmghfths y rhspifsbjahs, cbpbchs mh trbjbnbr hf hqugpi, muhismh su pripgi bprhfmgzbnh, cbpbchs mh hforhftbr sgtubcgifhs mgvhrsbs y mh rhsiavhr prijahdbs,cbpbchs mh vgvgr y trbjbnbr hf ab sicghmbm mha outuri y shr hstumgbfths mh pir vgmb.


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EHS]GF W MGSHI MH DMXAIS HMXCB]G_IS \BZB AB GF]ZBFH]

MHA CIAHEGI DBZK@BD

2. BF]HCHMHF]HS

2.2 MB]IS JSGCIS

Ha Ciahegi Dbrk`bd hs ufb gfstgtucgf jgagfeh, oufmbmb hf 27==, y quh

sh mhmgcb `iy hf mb b ab hfshbfzb dgxtb b fgvha prh-hsciabr, \rgdbrgb

y Shcufmbrgb.

Sghfmi ha usi y bpagcbcgf mh abs ]hcfiaiebs mh Gfoirdbcgf, ha hnh

chftrba mha sgsthdb hmucbtgvi mh mgc`b gfstgtucgf, ha Ciahegi Dbrk`bd

vghfh mhsbrriaabfmi, hf sus pripgbs gfstbabcgifhs, ufb shrgh mh

bpagcbcgifhs y dbthrgbahs hmucbtgvis quh cifoirdbf ab Gftrbfht

Hmucbtgvb. Hstb `hrrbdghftb hs utgagzbmb tbfti pir priohsirhs cidi pir

baudfis y pbmrhs mh obdgagb. \brb dbfthfhr ha prierbdb mh mhsbrriaai

ciftgfui mh ab Gftrbfht, sh cuhftb cif uf hqugpi mh mis (:)

prierbdbmirhs y cubtri (=) mgshbmirhs b tghdpi cidpahti, agmhrbmis

pir ab Ciirmgfbmirb mh ]hcfiaieb.

2.:OIZDB MH CIAICBCGF HF AB HD\ZHSB

Ha Ciahegi Dbrk`bd rhbagz ufb cifvicbtirgb bjghrtb, b trbvs mh ufb

dhmgi mh cidufgcbcgf pbrb icupbr ha cbrei mh \riohsir(b) mh

Cidputbcgf b ]ghdpi \brcgba. Ha prichsi mh shahccgf sh mhsbrriaa hf

mis (:) htbpbs. Ab prgdhrb, cifst mh ufb hftrhvgstb phrsifba hf gmgidb


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gfeas, ab cuba hstuvi b cbrei mha Nhoh mh ab Shccgf Shcufmbrgb y mha

Mgrhctir phrubfi=. Hf hstb sh hvbaubrif abs gmhbs y priyhccgifhs sijrh

ab hfshbfzb mh cidputbcgf h gfoirdtgcb b fgvha hsciabr y ab

cbpbcgmbm mh pimhr fi sai hfshbr b nvhfhs sgfi tbdjgf hfrgquhchr

su hxphrghfcgb hmucbtgvb b trbvs mh pisgjahs tbaahrhs hxtrb-currgcuabrhs

quh pumghrb iorhchr ha cbfmgmbti. Wb quh ab hftrhvgstb ouh cifmucgmb

titbadhfth hf gfeas, sh hvbau ab cbpbcgmbm mh hfshbr hf hsth gmgidb

mbmi quh ha Ciahegi, sghfmi ufb gfstgtucgf jgagfeh, rhqughrh quh ab

dbyirb mh sus cursis shbf hfshbmis hf gfeas y quh ha phrsifba sh

puhmb cidufgcbr oaugmbdhfth cif ais mgrhctgvis y ciahebs hxtrbfnhris.

Sh rhquhrbf bdpagis cificgdghftis hf ha hdpahi mh `hrrbdghftbs

gfoirdtgcbs tbahs cidi ha prichsbmir mh thxtis, `inbs mh cacuai, jbshs

mh mbtis, bs cidi tbdjgf cificgdghftis sijrh bfagsgs, mgshi y

prierbdbcgf mh sgsthdbs pbrb ab hfshbfzb mh ais cursis mh fgvha

suphrgir.

Hf ab sheufmb htbpb, sh rhbagz ufb hftrhvgstb phrsifba b cbrei mha

Mgrhctir hxtrbfnhri i @hbmdbsthr. Murbfth hstb hftrhvgstb ouh quh sh

iorhcg ab Nhobturb mha Mhpbrtbdhfti mh Cidputbcgf hf vhz mha puhsti

mh \riohsirb b ]ghdpi \brcgba. Sh hxpagc ab fhchsgmbm mh rhhstructurbr

ab currcuab y mh aahvbr ba Ciahegi b uf fgvha batbdhfth cidphtgtgvi hf ha

usi y bpagcbcgf mh abs thcfiaiebs mh gfoirdbcgf, tbfti pir priohsirhs

= Hf ha Ciahegi Dbrk`bd hxgsthf mis Mgrhctirhs> ha @hbmdbsthr i mgrhctir hxtrbfnhri(ehfhrbadhfth gfeas bufquh ha atgdi hs fhichabfms) y ha Mgrhctir phrubfi qughf hs qughfrhprhshftb ba Ciahegi iogcgbadhfth bfth ha Dgfgsthrgi mh Hmucbcgf y pbrb cubaqughr bsuftiiogcgba. Sgf hdjbrei, hs ha @hbmdbsthr qughf mgrgeh ha ciahegi, hstbjahch abs piatgcbs y dbfhnbha prhsupuhsti.


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cidi baudfis y phrsifba bmdgfgstrbtgvi. Auhei mh cifcaugmi ha prichsi

mh shahccgf, sh icup ha puhsti iorhcgmi.

Ha bvbfch vhrtgegfisi mh abs thcfiaiebs mh gfoirdbcgf hf ais sgeughfths

ic`i bis, aahv ba Ciahegi b crhchr mh ufi b trhs (3) abjirbtirgis, mh

cidputbmirbs stbfm baifh8 b ufb rhm aicba quh hfabzbjb timis ais

hqugpis hmucbtgvis y bmdgfgstrbtgvis, mh hfshbr `hrrbdghftbs bgsabmbs

b bpagcbr h gftherbr `hrrbdghftbs hf ais mgvhrsis cursis. Ha Ciahegi, yb b

ab vbfeubrmgb hf gfoirdtgcb hmucbtgvb, tid ab mhcgsgf mh cifvhrtgrsh

hf pgifhri hf Sumbdrgcb ba gdpahdhftbr ha \rierbdb mh Hfshbfzb

cif \irttgahs y pir hfmh ab Gftrbfht Hmucbtgvb.

Hstb gdpahdhftbcgf rhquhrb mh ufb rhhstructurbcgf cidpahtb mha rhb

mh Sgsthdbs yb quh hf hsh hftifchs, ha Mhpbrtbdhfti mh Cidputbcgf

fi sai sh hfcbrebjb mh ab hfshbfzb sgfi tbdjgf mha dbfthfgdghfti

mh ab rhm y ais sgsthdbs. Ai bfthrgirdhfth dhfcgifbmi ehfhr quh sh

shpbrbrb ha rhb bcbmdgcb mh ab mh sgsthdbs phri cif ufb phrsifb quh

sgrvghrb mh hfabch hftrh ais tcfgcis y ais bcbmdgcis. Ouh bs quh sh

crh ha puhsti mh Ciirmgfbmirb mh ]hcfiaieb ha cuba ouh iorhcgmi

mgrhctbdhfth, sgf dhmgbr cifvicbtirgb fg hftrhvgstb baeufb. Auhei mh

rhcgjgr mgc`b iohrtb y mh hohctubr uf vgbnh mh cbpbcgtbcgf b Bustrbagb h

Gfeabthrrb?, sh icup ha puhsti iorhcgmi.

8 Stbfm baifh hs ha trdgfi gfeas quh sh rhoghrh b hqugpis gfoirdtgcis butfidis,gfmhphfmghfths, quh fi sh hfcuhftrbf cifhctbmis b ufb rhm.?Hf hstis pbshs yb hxgstbf ciahegis cif prierbdbs mh hfshbfzb cif pirttgahs, sghfmi haciahegi Dht`imgst Abmghs Ciaahehmh Bustrbagb, ha pgifhri hf ha dufmi.


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CIFICGDGHF]IS GFOIZD]GCIS B\AGCBMIS HF AB \ZC]GCB

B trbvs mh ais bis, y hf oirdb prierhsgvb, sh bpagcbrif mgvhrsis

cificgdghftis bmqugrgmis hf ab cbrrhrb, tbfti hf ha rhb mh hfshbfzb

cidi hf ha rhb mh ehstgf, bfagsgs y mgshi. Ab dbyirb mh hstis

cificgdghftis ouhrif erbmubadhfth rhhdpabzbmis pir itris ds

rhcghfths, bmqugrgmis pisthrgirdhfth hf itrbs gfstgtucgifhs i mh oirdb

butimgmbctb.

@bcghfmi `gstirgb, mh ais cursis sheugmis gfgcgbadhfth>

- Sh bpagcbrif ais cificgdghftis bmqugrgmis hf ha cursi Ahfeubnh mh

\rierbdbcgf Jbsgc pbrb hfshbr b ais baudfis mha GECSH mh

cidputbcgf b mhsbrriaabr mgvhrsis prierbdbs. Mgc`is cificgdghftis

sgrvghrif mh jbsh pbrb pimhr dgerbr sgf dbyir mgogcuatbm b itris

ahfeubnhs mh prierbdbcgf cidi ha C++, \bscba, _gsuba Jbsgc ?.


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- Sh utgagz ab `hrrbdghftb gfoirdtgcb Oaiwpbrb hfshbr b mhsbrriaabr

mgberbdbs mh hstructurb mh uf sgsthdb, oaunierbdb mha sgsthdb y mh

prierbdbs. Bctubadhfth sh utgagzb _gsgi :


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Ha cbrei mh Ciirmgfbmirb mh ]hcfiaieb hs uf puhsti bmdgfgstrbtgvi mh

dbfmi dhmgi, quh rhpirtb mgrhctbdhfth ba Bshsir \rgfcgpba y ba

@hbmdbsthr cidi dghdjri phrdbfhfth mha Erupi mh ]rbjbni mh

]hcfiaiebs mh ab Gfoirdbcgf y Cidufgcbcgifhs (GC] Uirkgfe Eriup).

\brtgcgpb cidi fhxi hftrh ha rhb tcfgcb mh sgsthdbs y ha rhb

bcbmdgcb pir ai quh tbdjgf hs dghdjri phrdbfhfth mha Cidgt

Bcbmdgci (Bcbmhdgc Ciddgtthh) nufti cif ais Nhohs mh Mhpbrtbdhfti

Bcbmdgcis.

Ab Ciirmgfbmirb mh ]hcfiaieb bmdgfgstrb ab shccgf mha Ciahegi

cificgmb cidi ab Chftrba mh Shrvgcgis Hmucbtgvis (CSO). Hstb shccgf

sh mhmgcb ba mgshi, mhsbrriaai h gdpahdhftbcgf/pujagcbcgf mh ais

mgvhrsis dbthrgbahs phmbeegcis hf ab GftrbfhtHmucbtgvb, ba ciftria mha

sgsthdb mh gdprhsgf chftrbagzbmb, ba bjbsthcgdghfti y mgstrgjucgf mh

mgvhrsis rhcursis (priyhctirhs, scbffhrs, cdbrbs mgegtbahs, htc.), b ab

gfvhstgebcgf mh fuhvbs `hrrbdghftbs y thcfiaiebs hmucbtgvbs

(`brmwbrh y siotwbrh), b ab cbpbcgtbcgf ciftgfub mh priohsirhs y

baudfis hf ha \rierbdb mh Hfshbfzb cif \irttgahs y ba difgtirhi y

hvbaubcgf ciftgfb mha dgsdi.


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2:

:.:.2 Oufcgifhs

Hftrh abs mgvhrsbs oufcgifhs gf`hrhfths ba puhsti, abs quh sh

rhoghrhf hsphcogcbdhfth ba thdb trbtbmi hf hsth gfoirdh sif>

- Habjirbr y dbfthfhr bctubagzbmi ha dbthrgba pbrb ha mgctbmi mh

ais cursis mh Cidputbcgf mha Jbc`gaahrbti Gfthrfbcgifba y mha

GECSHpbrb shr pujagcbmis hf ab pegfb mha mhpbrtbdhfti hf

ab Gftrbfht

- Cbpbcgtbr b ais baudfis y priohsirhs quh gferhsbf ba

\rierbdb mh \irttgahs pir prgdhrb vhz, hf ha usi bpripgbmi

mh ais mgvhrsis dmuais mh ab Gftrbfht, tbfti hmucbtgvis cidi

bmdgfgstrbtgvis

- Cbpbcgtbr b ais pbmrhs mh obdgagb hf ha usi mh ab Gftrbfhtpbrb

\bmrhs b ogf mh pimhr difgtirhbr y bpiybr b sus `gnis hf ha

\rierbdb mh Hfshbfzb cif \irttgahs

- Mgshbr ha dbthrgba phmbeegci pbrb ab Gftrbfht siagcgtbmi pir

ais priohsirhs y mhthrdgfbr abs `hrrbdghftbs y rhcursis

fhchsbrgis pbrb su mhsbrriaai

- Bsgefbr ba phrsifba gmfhi pbrb ha mhsbrriaai mha dbthrgba

phmbeegci, yb shb mh dbfhrb gfmgvgmuba i hf hqugpi


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- Mhthrdgfbr ha crifierbdb mh hftrheb mh trbjbnis y rhvgsbr

phrgmgcbdhfth ha cudpagdghfti mh abs mgvhrsbs htbpbs mha

dgsdi

- Hohctubr abs pruhjbs mh ciftria mh cbagmbm mh cbmb dbthrgba

mhsbrriaabmi cif ha ogf mh bsheurbr ha cudpagdghfti mh ais

ijnhtgvis phmbeegcis y mh ais hstfmbrhs mh mgshi

hstbjahcgmis

- Habjirbr ha prierbdb bfuba mh cbpbcgtbcgf pbrb ha phrsifba

mha CSO pbrb mhsbrriaabr bpagcbcgifhs hmucbtgvbs mh batb

cbagmbm

- Cbpbcgtbr ciftgfubdhfth b priohsirhs hf ha usi y bpagcbcgf

mh abs `hrrbdghftbs gfoirdtgcbs ds cidufhs pbrb ha

mhsbrriaai mh su pripgi dbthrgba hmucbtgvi pbrb ab Gftrbfht

- Habjirbr ha pabf bfuba mh bmqugsgcgifhs mh hqugpis,

agchfcgbs/bctubagzbcgifhs mh siotwbrh y mgspisgtgvis phrgorgcis

hf jbsh b ais rhquhrgdghftis bcbmdgcis y rhquhrgdghftis mha

rhb mh mhsbrriaai mha CSO


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- Habjirbr, mgstrgjugr y bfbagzbr bfubadhfth abs hfcuhstbs, cif ha

ogf mh hvbaubr ab oufcgifbagmbm mh ab Gftrbfhtpbrb gdpahdhftbr

cubaqughr cbdjgi i dhnirb fhchsbrgb

:.:.: Zhspifsbjgagmbmhs

- Ciirmgfbr ha mgshi y mhsbrriaai mh ais dbthrgbahs hmucbtgvis b

shr pujagcbmis hf ab Gftrbfht pbrb bsheurbr uf primucti mh

ptgdb cbagmbm

- Ciirmgfbr ais rhquhrgdghftis mh tcfgcis y mh sgsthdbs cif ha

Nhoh mha rhb pbrb jrgfmbr ha sipirth bmhcubmi b ais michfths,

baudfis y phrsifba mh mhsbrriaai mh dmuais hmucbtgvis pbrb

ab Gftrbfht

- Zhbagzbr abs hvbaubcgifhs bfubahs cif rhsphcti ba usi y

oufcgifbagmbm mh ab Gftrbfhtpbrb gdpahdhftbr cubaqughr cbdjgi

i dhnirb fhchsbrgb

-

Gfvhstgebr y hvbaubr fuhvbs thcfiaiebs, tbfti mh `brmwbrhcidi mh siotwbrh, quh puhmbf gdpahdhftbrsh hf ha ciahegi b

trbvs mh ab Gftrbfht hf jhfhogcgi mha prichsi hmucbtgvi


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:.3 MHSCZG\CGF MH AIS \XHS]IS SX\HZGIZHS GFDHMGB]IS

Ha Bshsir \rgfcgpba hs ha hfcbrebmi mh mhogfgr ais rhquhrgdghftis

bmdgfgstrbtgvis mh ab Gftrbfht pbrb `bchr quh ha trbjbni mha priohsir hf

buab shb ds hohctgvi, pbrb hstbjahchr ufb cidufgcbcgf hohctgvb mh

gfoirdbcgf hftrh pbmrhs, baudfis y priohsirhs, y mh ciirmgfbr ab

piatgcb y hfoiquh mh mhsbrriaai phmbeegci mh ab GftrbfhtHmucbtgvb. Sh

ah rhpirtb timi cbdjgi h gdpahdhftbcgf fuhvb hf ab Gftrbfht

Bmdgfgstrbtgvb, bs cidi tbdjgf timi pabf mh cbpbcgtbcgf y rhsuatbmis

mh pruhjbs h gfvhstgebcgf mh fuhvbs thcfiaiebs. Sh ciirmgfb cubaqughr

cbdjgi hf ab piatgcb mh sgsthdbs y mha \rierbdb mh Hfshbfzb cif

\irttgahs nufti cif ha Nhoh mh Shcufmbrgb.

Hs dghdjri phrdbfhfth mha Erupi mh ]rbjbni mh ]hcfiaiebs mh ab

Gfoirdbcgf y Cidufgcbcgifhs (GC] Uirkgfe Eriup) y hs ha

rhprhshftbfth mha rhb mh ]hcfiaiebs mh ab Gfoirdbcgf hf ha Cidgt

Hnhcutgvi (Shfgir Bmdgfgstrbtgvh ]hbd i SB]).

:.= BC]G_GMBM HS\HCOGCB HF HA ZHB MH EHS]GF W MGSHI

Ab bctgvgmbm prgfcgpba cifsgsth hf ehstgifbr ha mhsbrriaai y mgshi mh timi

tgpi mh dbthrgbahs pbrb ais dmuais hmucbtgvis mh ab Gftrbfhtmha Ciahegi

Dbrk`bd.

Ha prichsi sh gfgcgb cubfmi uf michfth sh bchrcb ba CSO y siagcgtb ha

mhsbrriaai mh baef dbthrgba hsphcogci pbrb baef cursi hf hsphcgba.

Ab rhufgf mh ciirmgfbcgf gfgcgba hs cif ab Ciirmgfbmirb mh ]hcfiaieb

qughf hvbaubr ab siagcgtum mhsmh ha pufti mh vgstb phmbeegci y tcfgci.


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2?

Hf hstb rhufgf, sh pabfthb ab dhnir dbfhrb hf quh ha dbthrgba i

bctgvgmbm puhmh shr mhsbrriaabmi. \ir hnhdpai, hf vhz mh `bchr ufb

shpbrbtb hsttgcb hf Bmijh \MO i hf @]DA, sh puhmh cidjgfbr uf

pici mh thxti cif baeufb bfgdbcgf i hnhrcgcgi gfthrbctgvi. B vhchs

tbdjgf sh gfcauyhf bumgi cif hnhrcgcgis mh cidprhfsgf irba. Hf

baeufis cbsis sh rhqughrhf mhsbrriaais ds cidpahnis quh gfviaucrbf ha

usi mh jbshs mh mbtis, pir hnhdpai, hf ufb hfcuhstb i pruhjb ijnhtgvb.

Xfb vhz quh sh aaheb b uf bcuhrmi cif ha michfth sijrh ab dbfhrb hf

quh sh aahvbr b cbji ha mhsbrriaai y ha auebr mh pujagcbcgf2=0, ab

Ciirmgfbmirb mh ]hcfiaieb bsgefb ha priyhcti b ufi mh ais

mgshbmirhs Uhj, pumghfmi hf cghrtis cbsis gfcaugr ba mhsbrriaabmir mh

bpagcbcgifhs sg sh rhqughrh ab gftherbcgf mh ufb jbshs mh mbtis.

Xfb vhz bsgefbmi ha priyhcti sh hstbjahch ha crifierbdb mh rhvgsgf y

hftrheb mha primucti siagcgtbmi. Ha mgshbmir thfmr pir ai dhfis ufb

rhufgf mh rhvgsgf cif ha siagcgtbfth pbrb aierbr ab bprijbcgf bfths mh

cubaqughr pujagcbcgf. Bsgdgsdi, ab Ciirmgfbmirb mh ]hcfiaieb

vhrgogcbr ab cbagmbm mha dbthrgba `bcghfmi abs pruhjbs rhsphctgvbs y

mhthctbfmi cubaqughr hrrir u idgsgf prhvgi b su pujagcbcgf.

Hf priyhctis phquhis, hstis pbsis sif cbsg gdphrchptgjahs yb quh

usubadhfth sif mhsbrriaais quh mhdirbf ufi b mis mbs y timi suchmh

rpgmbdhfth, phri sghdprh sh sgeuhf.

Sai ais mgshbmirhs y mhsbrriaabmirhs (bmhds mh ab Ciirmgfbmirb mh

]hcfiaieb), tghfhf phrdgsi pbrb pujagcbr dbthrgba mgrhctbdhfth hf ab

2= Cbmb Mhpbrtbdhfti Bcbmdgci tghfh su pripgi pirtba quh duhstrb hfabchs b cbmb bibcbmdgci y sus rhsphctgvis dbthrgbahs bcbmdgcis. Ab hstructurb mh cbmb pirtba sh bnustb bais rhquhrgdghftis hsphcogcis mh cbmb Mhpbrtbdhfti.


17/50

25

Gftrbfht. Ais priohsirhs quh `bybf mhsbrriaabmi su pripgi dbthrgba ai

mhrgvbf ba mgshbmir bsgefbmi b su rhb i cbfbagzbf ab pujagcbcgf b

trbvs mh ab Ciirmgfbmirb mh ]hcfiaieb.

Hf cbsis mh hxtrhdb prhsgf hf quh ha hqugpi fi sh mb bjbsti pbrb

bthfmhr timbs abs siagcgtumhs mh mhsbrriaai, ab Ciirmgfbmirb mh

]hcfiaieb tbdjgf bpiyb hf ha mhsbrriaai i sh sujciftrbtb b phrsifba

hxthrfi dghftrbs murh ha priyhcti.

Hf rhsudhf, abs htbpbs mh ehstgf y mhsbrriaai mh dbthrgbahs pbrb ab

Gftrbfht Hmucbtgvb sif abs sgeughfths>

- Hftrhvgstb cif ha siagcgtbfth (usubadhfth ha michfth) pbrb ahvbftbr ab

gfoirdbcgf y ais rhquhrgdghftis mh mhsbrriaai. Ha michfth puhmh

hfvgbr ha dbthrgba jbsh hf oirdbti Uirm, \iwhr\igft i gfcausi

hscrgti/mgjunbmi b dbfi.

- Mgshi mh ais dmuais/prichsis quh cifoirdbrf ab bpagcbcgf. Hf

mhsbrriaais shfcgaais sh bpagcbrif ais cificgdghftis mh mgshi

dimuabr, habjirbfmi ha mgberbdb nhrrqugci mh dmuais ( tip-miwf)

dhmgbfth ha usi mh ab `hrrbdghftb _gsgi :


18/50

20

- Sh bsgefb ha priyhcti b uf mgshbmir y, hf icbsgifhs, b uf hqugpi mh

mgshbmir/mhsbrriaabmir, b qughfhs sh ahs hftrheb ab gfoirdbcgf jbsh

y ha mgshi mh ab bpagcbcgf.

- Sh hstbjahch ha crifierbdb mh mhsbrriaai quh gfcauyh> ohc`b mh

siagcgtum, ohc`b mh prgdhrb y sujsgeughfths rhvgsgifhs (prgdhri pir ab

Ciirmgfbmirb mh ]hcfiaieb y auhei pir ha michfth), ohc`b mh

hftrheb y pujagcbcgf.

- Sh cbpbcgtbr ha michfth hf ha usi mh ab `hrrbdghftb sg ouhsh

fhchsbrgi pbrb quh hsth, b su vhz, cbpbcgth b ais baudfis.

- Ha michfth utgagzbr ha mhsbrriaai cif sus cabshs y pimr siagcgtbr

cbdjgis hf cubaqughr didhfti pir ai quh ha mgshbmir i hqugpi quh

rhbagz ha trbjbni gfgcgbadhfth, mhjhr jrgfmbr ha dbfthfgdghfti

rhsphctgvi b ab bpagcbcgf.

- Ha mgshbmir y/i ha mhsbrriaabmir puhmhf bs dgsdi rhbagzbr cbdjgis

hf ha mgshi, prhvgb cifsuatb, sg ba didhfti mha mhsbrriaai sh vh quh

`by ufb dhnir dbfhrb i sg ha michfth, ba rhvgsbr ha primucti, bs ai

siagcgtb.

Sghfmi uf rhb quh prhstb shrvgcgis, ha CSO tghfh cidi piatgcb shr

puftuba hf ab hftrheb/pujagcbcgf mh trbjbnis y mbr sghdprh uf shrvgcgi

mh ab dhnir cbagmbm. Hs pir hsti quh ha hahdhfti mh ciftria mh cbagmbm y

rhvgsgifhs phrgmgcbs hs mh sudb gdpirtbfcgb pbrb dbfthfhr ufb

Gftrbfht hmucbtgvb tga y sgefgogcbtgvb hf ha prichsi mh hfshbfzb-

bprhfmgzbnh.


19/50

27

MHSCZG\CGF EHFHZBA MHA SGS]HDB

Ab Gftrbfht hs ab rhm hmucbtgvb prgvbmb mh bcchsi rhstrgfegmi, b ab cuba

puhmhf gferhsbr ha phrsifba (tbfti bmdgfgstrbtgvi cidi michfth), ais

baudfis y ais pbmrhs mh obdgagb, utgagzbfmi uf fidjrh mh usubrgi y

ciftrbshb bsgefbmis pir ha ciahegi.

Ha ijnhtgvi prgfcgpba mh ab Gftrbfht hs ha mh privhhr gfoirdbcgf

bctubagzbmb y ipirtufb sijrh timis ais bsphctis mha ciahegi, sijrh ha

prierhsi bcbmdgci mh ais baudfis, y phrdgtgr quh ais usubrgis

butirgzbmis cidpbrtbf ais rhcursis hmucbtgvis mgspifgjahs hf afhb.

Ais dmuais prgfcgpbahs mh ab GftrbfhtHmucbtgvb sif>

B. Zhcursis Hmucbtgvis (Hmucbt gifba Zhsiurchs)> b trbvs mh

hsth dmuai sh phrdgth ha bcchsi ba pirtba mh cbmb Mhpbrtbdhfti

Bcbmdgci. Hf haais sh hfciftrbrf ais prierbdbs currgcuabrhs,

dtimis mh hvbaubcgf, dbthrgbahs hmucbtgvis, cabshs, rhcursis,

bctgvgmbmhs, hnhrcgcgis y hxdhfhs hf afhb mh cbmb cursi. Hstis

cifstgtuyhf ais dmuais hmucbtgvis mh ab Gftrbfht (vhr pegfb :2).

J. Dgs Cabshs (Dy Cabsshs)> Hstb ipcgf puhmh hfciftrbrsh b

trbvs mha dhf prgfcgpba mh ab Gftrbfht i b trbvs mha `irbrgi

gfthrbctgvi. \hrdgth ha gferhsi mh mbtis y mhtbaab gfoirdbcgf

hsphcogci sijrh baeufb cabsh hf pbrtgcuabr. Hf haab sh

hfciftrbrf abs ipcgifhs mh> rhegstri mgbrgi (mbgay aie), bsgefbcgf

mh tbrhbs (sht `idhwirk), pabf mh cabsh (ahssif pabf), rhshrvb mh


20/50

: hstb ipcgf tbdjgf hs

prgfcgpbadhfth bmdgfgstrbtgvb phri ciftghfh abs ipcgifhs mh

bsgefbr crmgtis b cubaqughr baudfi (fi sai ba mh su cabsh), mh

hscrgjgr cidhftbrgis sijrh cubaqughr baudfi (cif fgvhahs

rhstrgfegmis mh bcchsi), y vgsubagzbr ha cifthfgmi mha rhpisgtirgi

mh tbrhbs (dbrkgfe jgf) pbrb timbs sus cabshs.

M. Zhshrvbs mh Zhcursis (Jiikgfes)> hstb ipcgf phrdgth

rhshrvbr ha usi mh ais piyhctirhs duatgdhmgb, pgzbrrbs

gfthrbctgvbs, cdbrbs mgegtbahs, cbrrgti pirtb-abptipy abjirbtirgis

mh cdputi.

H. Zhpirths (Ags ts)> b trbvs mh hstb ipcgf sh bcchmhf b abs agstbs

mh cirrhis pir tutirbs y cabshs, agstbs mh cabshs y agstbs mh

baudfis cif oiti y `irbrgis mh> tutirbs, cabshs, baudfis,

priohsirhs y bctgvgmbmhs.


23/50

:3

:.=.2 EHS]GF MH \ZIWHC]IS

BC]IZHS> Ciirmgfbmirb mh ]hcfiaieb, Michfth

S]BKH@IAMHZS> Bshsir \rgfcgpba, Nhoh mh Mhpbrtbdhfti

Bcbmdgci

DIMHAI MH FHEICGI

Michfth(orid Bctirhs mh fheicgi)

Ehstgifbr mhsbrriaai mh dmuaishmucbtgvis

(orid Cbsis mh Xsi mh fheicgi)

Ciirmgfbmirb mh]hcfiaieb

(orid Bctirhs mh fheicgi)

CBSIS MH XSI MH FHEICGI

Iptgdgzbr ha viaudhf mh trbjbni bsgefbmi bcbmb mgshbmir/mhsbrriaabmir

(orid Ijnhtgvis mh fheicgi)


Iptgdgzbr ab bsgefbcgf mh rhcursis bcbmb priyhcti


\ujagcbr mhsbrriaais puftubadhfth



24/50

:=

ZHBAG^BCGF MH FHEICGI

ZYFYEhstgifbr mhsbrriaai mh DmuaisHmucbtgvis



HF]GMBMHS W MGBEZBDBS MH HS]BMI

Hftgmbm Hxpagcbcgf

Hf hstb hftgmbm, sh rhegstrbf ab

ohc`b hf quh hs siagcgtbmi ha

mhsbrriaai, ha fidjrh mha michfth

siagcgtbfth, ha mhpbrtbdhfti i rhb

b ab quh phrthfhch ha siagcgtbfth, ha

mhtbaah mha dmuai b mhsbrriaabr, ab

ohc`b mh pujagcbcgf y ha sgtgi mh

pujagcbcgf.

Hf hstb hftgmbm sh rhegstrbf ab

ohc`b mh gfgcgi mha mhsbrriaai, ha

fidjrh mha dmuai, ha mhtbaah, ha

mgshbmir bsgefbmi, ha

mhsbrriaabmir bsgefbmi (ipcgifba),

ab(s) ohc`b(s) mh rhvgsgf y ab ohc`b

mh hftrheb.


25/50

:8

Mgberbdb mh hstbmis mhSiagcgtum

Mgberbdb mh hstbmis mhCrifierbdb

\hmgmi

Hvbaubmi

Bsgefbmi

Mgshbmi

Bprijbmi

Mhogfgmi

Zhvgsbmi

Bctubagzbmi

Cudpagmi

MGBEZBDB MH CABSHS

Ciirmgfbmirb mh ]hcfiaiegb

(orid ]rbjbnbmirhs mh Fheicgi)

Siagcgtum

(orid Hftgmbmhs mh Fheicgi)

hvbaub

Michfth


hdgth

Crifierbdb


ehfhrb

bpruhjb


26/50

:?

MGBEZBDB MH BC]G_GMBMHS

Siagcgtb mhsbrriaaimh dmuai

Bpruhjbcbdjgis

> Siagcgtum

Bpruhjbmgshi

Bpruhjb

crifierbdb

Hvbaubsiagcgtum

> Siagcgtum

Cifoirdh9

Zhbagzb ha mgshi prhagdgfbr mhadmuai

Sueghrh cbdjgis badmuai

Duhstrb mgshiprhagdgfbr

Bsgefb phrsifbaba priyhcti

Ehfhrb crifierbdb

mh mhsbrriaai

> Crifierbdb

Sg

Fi

> Ciirmgfbmirb mh ]hcfiaiegb> Michfth


27/50

:5

:.=.: MGSHI MH DMXAIS HMXCB]G_IS

BC]IZHS> Ciirmgfbmirb mh ]hcfiaieb, Mgshbmirhs whj y

Mhsbrriaabmirhs mh bpagcbcgifhs (ehfhrbagzbmis cidi

Mhsbrriaabmir)

S]BKH@IAMHZS> Michfth, Nhoh mh Mhpbrtbdhfti Bcbmdgci,

Baudfis, \bmrhs mh Obdgagb

DIMHAI MH FHEICGI

Mhsbrriaabmir

(orid Bctirhs mh fheicgi)

Habjirbr dmuais hmucbtgvis

(orid Cbsis mh Xsi mh fheicgi)Ciirmgfbmirb mh

]hcfiaieb(orid Bctirhs mh fheicgi)

CBSIS MH XSI MH FHEICGI


\rivhhr dbthrgba hmucbtgvi :=>5 btrbvs mh su pujagcbcgf hf ab Gftrbfht


Mhsbrriaabr dbthrgba mh ab ds batbcbagmbm tcfgcb y phmbeegcb


Mhsbrriaabr dbthrgba mh bprhfmgzbnhgfthrbctgvi quh phrdgtb ab buti-hmucbcgf


11suppirt66

11suppirt66

11suppirt66


28/50

:0

ZHBAG^BCGF MHA FHEICGI



ZYFYHabjirbr dmuais hmucbtgvis

HF]GMBMHS W MGBEZBDBS MH HS]BMI

Hftgmbm Hxpagcbcgf

Hf hstb hftgmbm, sh rhegstrb timb ab

gfoirdbcgf rhabtgvb ba dmuai b

mhsbrriaabr cidi ha ttuai, cursi ba

quh cirrhspifmh, mhpbrtbdhfti

bcbmdgci ba quh rhpirtb, michfth

rhspifsbjah, erbmi bcbmdgci mh

ais baudfis quh usbrf ha dmuai,

ais mhtbaahs mh ab ouhfth mh

gfoirdbcgf pbrb ehfhrbr ha

dmuai cidi thxti, gdehfhs,

bfgdbcgifhs, bumgi, vgmhi, ab

gfthrbctgvgmbm fhchsbrgb y ab

fhchsgmbm mh rhegstrbr gfoirdbcgf

hf ufb jbsh mh mbtis.


29/50

:7

MGBEZBDB MH CABSHS

Mhsbrriaabmir Bpagcbcgifhs


Ciirmgfbmirb mh ]hcfiaiegb


Mgshbmir Uhj


Michfth


Dmuai


bsgefb

mgshb

mhsbrriaab

rhvgsb

MGBEZBDB MH HS]BMIS MH AB HF]GMBM DMXAI

bsgefbmi

mgshbmi

mhsbrriaabmi

rhvgsbmi

bprijbmi

pujagcbmi


30/50

3 Dmuai

mgshb gfthrobch

mha dmuai

trbjbnb ais dbthrgbahs rhquhrgmis

(gdbehfhs, bfgdbcgifhs, htc)

gftherb ais dbthrgbahs b

ab gfthrobch

siagcgtb rhvgsgf gfgcgba

mha dmuai

ciftgfb cif

ha mhsbrriaai

sg

rhbagzbpruhjbs

siagcgtb rhvgsgf

ba michfth

pujagcb

dmuai

siagcgtb

rhvgsgf ogfba

pujagcb

dmuai ogfba

bvgsb b a michfth mh

su pujagcbcgf

cbpbcgtb ba

michfth

pruhjb ha

dmuai

sbtgsohc`i9sg

siagcgtb

cbdjgis

fi

MichfthMhsbrriaabmir> Ciirmgfbmirb mh ]hcfiaiegb


31/50

32

:.=.3 SI\IZ]H ]CFGCI

\brb pimhr mbr sipirth b ab Gftrbfht hmucbtgvb sh rhqughrh mh ufb

pabtboirdb mh `brmwbrh, siotwbrh y cidufgcbcgifhs quh

ebrbftgch ab hstbjgagmbm mha sgsthdb y uf bcchsi :=>5 287 b ab

dgsdb.

B. Zhmhs y @brmwbrh>

- Mgshi mh ab Zhm> ab rhm mha Ciahegi Dbrk`bd hs ufb

UBF(Ugmh Brhb Fhtwirk i Zhm mh rhb Hxthfmgmb), ab

cuba privhh bcchsi b ais shrvgcgis bmdgfgstrbtgvis y

hmucbtgvis b bdjbs shccgifhs mha Ciahegi (\rgdbrgb y

Shcufmbrgb). Ab rhm ABF(Aicba Brhb Fhtwirk i Zhm mh

rhb Aicba)hf Shcufmbrgb hs mh tipiaieb rjia - vbrgbs

phquhbs ABFsgfthrcifhctbmbs b uf jbckjifhmh ogjrb

ptgcb mh 2EJ

- Cbrbcthrstgcbs mh `brmwbrh mh shrvgmirhs> ab rhm

cuhftb cif ais sgeughfths shrvgmirhs>

Shrvgmir mh brc`gvis mh baudfis> \hftgud Phif

:.0E`z, :EJZBD

Shrvgmir mh brc`gvis mh priohsirhs> \hftgud GGG,

2.:E`z, 82:DJ ZBD

Shrvgmir mh cirrhi mh baudfis> \hftgud GGG

2.:E`z, 82: DJ ZBD

28Ha trdgfi :=>5 shr rhoghrh b abs vhgftgcubtri (:=) `irbs mh ais sghth (5) mbs mh ab shdbfb, hfitrbs pbabjrbs, ba oufcgifbdghfti ciftgfui y sgf gfthrrupcgifhs timis ais mbs mha bi.


32/50

3:

Shrvgmir mh Cirrhi mh priohsirhs>Phif:.0E`z,

:EJZBD

Shrvgmir MFS, UGFS, Gftrbfht, Gfthrfht y

Bftgvgrus> \hftgud Phif prichsbmir muba,

5Phif :.0E`z, :EJ ZBD

Shrvgmir mh rhspbami mh mbtis (jbckup)> \hftgud

GGG, 2.: E`z, :EJ ZBD

- Cbrbcthrstgcbs mh `brmwbrh mh hstbcgifhs mh trbjbni>

abs hstbcgifhs mh trbjbni sh cabsgogcbf hf>

Cidputbmirbs mh Hscrgtirgi \hftgud GGG 5 ab dbyirb

trbjbnb cif Ugfmiws :


33/50

33

SuroCiftria Dbga Ogathry ha Ogatri Uhj trbjbnb cif ha Suro

Ciftria Uhj Ogathr=.:

- Cbrbcthrstgcbs mh siotwbrh mh hstbcgifhs mh trbjbni>

abs hstbcgifhs mh trbjbni mh baudfis tghfhf ha sgsthdb

iphrbtgvi Ugfmiws P\ \riohssgifba. Bmgcgifbadhfth

tghfhf gfstbabmis ha Ioogch : sh ebrbftgzb ha bcchsi b trbvs mh

uf riuthr, y trhs (3) afhbs mhmgcbmbs mis (:) mh 2DJ

(\rgdbrgb y baudfis) y ufb (2) mh :DJ pbrb priohsirhs

y shrvgmirhs


34/50

3=

J. Siotwbrhhdpahbmi

b. Ahfeubnhs mh prierbdbcgf hdpahbmis>

- Sh hdpahb ha ahfeubnh mh prierbdbcgf CiamousgifDP

pbrb mhsbrriaabr bpagcbcgifhs cif gfthrbccgf cif jbshs

mh mbtis SRA Shrvhr :


35/50

38

- Sh hdpahb ha Bmijh Bcrijbt 5.< pbrb cifvhrtgr

micudhftis hf oirdbti \MO.

- Sh hdpahb ha @it\itbtihs?.3 pbrb mhsbrriaabr dbthrgba

gfthrbctgvi tgpi cuhstgifbrgis, crucgerbdbs, dgx-bfm-

dbtc` (hdpbrhnbr trdgfis)hftrh itris.

- Sh hdpahb haBumgtgif2.< pbrb hmgtbr brc`gvis mh bumgi

- Sh hdpahb ha Bmijh \rhdghr 8.2 pbrb hmgcgf mh

brc`gvis mh vgmhi.

- Sh hdpahb ha Bmijh Gaaustrbtir 2< pbrb `bchr

mgberbdbcgifhs.

- Sh hdpahb ha DS_gsgi:


36/50

3?

CIFCAXSGIFHS

BC]G_GMBMHS MH DBWIZ B\AGCBCGF

BZHB> Mgshi

2.- BC]G_GMBM> Mgshi mh bpagcbcgifhs i dbthrgbahs hmucbtgvis

@HZZBDGHF]B> _gsgi:


37/50

35

:.- BC]G_GMBM> Mhsbrriaai mh dbthrgba gfthrbctgvi

@HZZBDGHF]B> Oabs`DP

MHSCZG\CGF> ab `hrrbdghftb phrdgth crhbr bfgdbcgifhs y

dbthrgba duatgdhmgb gfthrbctgvi. Sh hdpah pbrb trbfsoirdbr ais

rhquhrgdghftis hsttgcis mh ais michfths (pir hnhdpai, shpbrbtbs

hf Uirm) hf bfgdbcgifhs i sgduabcgifhs quh phrdgtbf ba baudfi

gfthrbctubr y mh hstb dbfhrb cifvhrtgrsh hf baudfi bctgvi.

3.- BC]G_GMBM> Mgshi erogci y hmgcgf mh gdehfhs

@HZZBDGHF]B>Bmijh\`itis`ip

MHSCZG\CGF> ab `hrrbdghftb phrdgth crhbr, hmgtbr y trbfsoirdbr

gdehfhs erogcbs. Sh hdpah pbrb mhsbrriaabr mgvhrsis dbthrgbahs

hmucbtgvis cif rhquhrgdghftis erogcis cidi ebahrbs mh

oitierbobs, oifmis mh pbftbaab, jiahtgfhs dhfsubahs, aieitgpis,

gcifis y hfcbjhzbmis pbrb ais mgvhrsis dmuais hmucbtgvis.

=.- BC]G_GMBM> Crhbcgf mh dbthrgba gfthrbctgvi

@HZZBDGHF]B> @it\itbtihs?.3

MHSCZG\CGF> ab `hrrbdghftb phrdgth crhbr mgstgftis dbthrgbahs

gfthrbctgvis cidi ogaa-gf-t`h-ebps (cidpahtbr orbshs), dgx-bfm-

dbtc` (hdpbrhnbr trdgfis), crucgerbdbs, prheuftbs mh ipcgf

datgpah.Sh utgagz pbrb mhsbrriaabr hnhrcgcgis gfthrbctgvis pbrb ais

cursis mh Orbfcs, Cghfcgbs, Cidputbcgf y Dbthdtgcbs.


38/50

30

8.- BC]G_GMBM> Crhbcgf y hmgcgf mh pegfbs whj

@HZZBDGHF]B> MrhbdwhbvhrDP

MHSCZG\CGF> ab `hrrbdghftb phrdgth crhbr sgtgis y pegfbs whj.

Sh hdpah pbrb ab habjirbcgf mh pirtbahs y pegfbs whj quh

gftherbf ais hahdhftis mgshbmis hf abs itrbs `hrrbdghftbs brrgjb

dhfcgifbmbs, oirdbfmi bs uf dmuai hmucbtgvi pbrb su

rhsphctgvb pujagcbcgf hf ab Gftrbfht.

\ZGFCG\BAHS CID\H]HFCGBS BMRXGZGMBS

BZHB> Mgshi

2.- BC]G_GMBM> Mgshi mh bpagcbcgifhs i dbthrgbahs hmucbtgvis

@HZZBDGHF]B> _gsgi:


39/50

37

:.- BC]G_GMBM> Mhsbrriaai mh dbthrgba gfthrbctgvi

@HZZBDGHF]B> Oabs`DP

MHSCZG\CGF> ab `hrrbdghftb phrdgth crhbr bfgdbcgifhs mh

sgtubcgifhs hsphcogcbs. Sh hdpahb hf trbfsoirdbr baef thxti i

micudhfti hsttgci hf ufb bfgdbcgf i sgduabcgf quh phrdgtb ba

baudfi gfthrbctubr y mh hstb dbfhrb cifvhrtgrsh hf baudfi bctgvi.

Sh mhscificb ab `hrrbdghftb,pir ai quh sh sgeughrif cursis hf ha

Gfstgtuti ]iuaiush Abutrhc. \isthrgirdhfth sh irebfgz uf cursi b

trbvs mha Chftri mh Hftrhfbdghfti Butirgzbmi îfb-M pbrb

cbpbcgtbrsh hf ha dbfhni mh tcfgcbs bvbfzbmbs mh Oabs` y hf ha

ahfeubnh BctgifScrgpt. Bsgdgsdi, cif cghrtb orhcuhfcgb sh rhcurrhf

b ais oiris mh mhsbrriaabmirhs hf Gfthrfht pbrb rhsiavhr baeufbs

mumbs hf ab prierbdbcgf.

3.- BC]G_GMBM> Mgshi erogci y hmgcgf mh gdehfhs

@HZZBDGHF]B> Bmijh \ìtisìp

MHSCZG\CGF> ab `hrrbdghftb phrdgth crhbr erogcis btrbctgvis

pbrb ais mgvhrsis mhsbrriaais, bs cidi ha hmgtbr gdehfhs y/i

oitierbobs b shr utgagzbmbs hf ais mgvhrsis dbthrgbahs hmucbtgvis.

Sh mhscificb ab `hrrbdghftb, pir ai quh sh sgeughrif cursis hf ha

Gfstgtuti ]iuaiush Abutrhc.


40/50

= Crhbcgf y hmgcgf mh pegfbs whj

@HZZBDGHF]B> MrhbdwhbvhrDP

MHSCZG\CGF> ab `hrrbdghftb phrdgth crhbr ais mgohrhfths sgtgis y

pegfbs whjpbrb su pujagcbcgf hf ab Gftrbfhthmucbtgvb.

Sh mhscificb ha siotwbrh, pir ai quh sh hohctu ufb buti

hmucbcgf b trbvs mha dbfuba y mh ab byumb pripgb mha prierbdb

yb quh sh ciftbjb cif ufb jbsh sagmb mh Orift\behy @]DA.

8.- BC]G_GMBM> Crhbcgf mh dbthrgba gfthrbctgvi

@HZZBDGHF]B> @it\itbtihs?.3

MHSCZG\CGF> ab `hrrbdghftb phrdgth crhbr mgstgftbs dbthrgbahs

gfthrbctgvis cidi ogaa-gf-t`h-ebps (cidpahtbr orbshs), dgx-bfm-

dbtc` (hdpbrhnbr trdgfis), crucgerbdbs, prheuftbs mh ipcgf

datgpah.

Sh mhscificb ha usi mha siotwbrhpir ai quh shhohctu ufb buti-

hmucbcgf b trbvs mha dbfuba y mh ab byumb pripgb mha prierbdb

yb quh hs ufb `hrrbdghftb shfcgaab mh utgagzbr y bpagcbr.


41/50

=2

ZHCIDHFMBCGIFHS

Murbfth ais qugfch (28) bis mh hxphrghfcgb abjirba hf ha Ciahegi Dbrk`bd,

timbs abs `hrrbdghftbs quh sh vghfhf hdpahbfmi fi oirdbrif pbrth mh abs

cidphthfcgbs bmqugrgmbs hf ab cbrrhrb. \brb gdpahdhftbr ufb pabtboirdb mh

Gftrbfht y mhsbrriaabr ais dmuais hmucbtgvis rhquhrgmis pir ais michfths y

baudfis mha Ciahegi Dbrk`bd, sh `b vgsti fhchsbrgi utgagzbr timbs abs

`hrrbdghftbs mhscrgtbs y pir haai ab fhchsgmbm ciftgfub mh cbpbcgtbcgf. Sh

rhcidghfmb quh abs `hrrbdghftbs y ahfeubnhs mh prierbdbcgf quh sh gdpbrtbf

cidi pbrth mh ab cbrrhrb mh Cidputbcgf h Gfoirdtgcb thfebf ufb bpagcbcgf


42/50

=:

mgrhctb hf ha dhrcbmi pbrb quh cubfmi sh herhsh, ab trbfsgcgf hftrh ufb

vhrsgf b itrb, i uf ahfeubnh b itri, fi shb mgocga y quh sghdprh eubrmhf

rhabcgf.

Abs `hrrbdghftbs, ahfeubnhs y tcfgcbs hfshbmbs mhjhf thfhr mgrhctb rhabcgf

cif ha dufmi abjirba y mhjhf thfhr ufb vgehfcgb dfgdb mh uf pbr mh bis

pbrb aierbr cifsiagmbr abs cidphthfcgbs b trbvs mh ab hxphrghfcgb abjirba.

Shrb rhcidhfmbjah ufb hfshbfzb jbsbmb hf cbsis rhbahs pbrb cidprhfmhr

ab vhrmbmhrb gfthrbccgf hftrh cidpifhfths, hf vhz mh hnhrcgcgis bgsabmis y sgf

dbyir sgefgogcbmi. Hsti sh puhmh aahvbr b cbji b trbvs mha mhsbrriaai mh

priyhctis hf mifmh sh rhqughrb gftherbr ais cificgdghftis thrgcis cif ufb

shrgh mh `bjgagmbmhs y cidphthfcgbs prctgcbs bmqugrgmbs.


43/50

=3

BFHPI


44/50

==

\ZGFCG\BA BC]G_GMBM ZHBAG^BMB

]]XAI

MGSHI W EHS]GF MHA DMXAI HMXCB]G_I \FAI\H AB

\IX\H (\HFAI\H AB DXHCB)

IJNH]G_IS \ZGFCG\BAHS MH AB BC]G_GMBM

- Mgshbr ab shcuhfcgb mh hvhftis y fbvhebcgf pripgb mh ab bctgvgmbm

(stiryjibrm)

- Mhthrdgfbr abs `hrrbdghftbs gfoirdtgcbs gmfhbs pbrb ha mhsbrriaai mh

mgc`b bctgvgmbm (Oabs` DP, BctgifScrgpt, Gaaustrbtir)

- Ehstgifbr ab shahccgf mha mgshbmir whj mh bcuhrmi b ais rhquhrgdghftis

mh ab bctgvgmbm

- Mgshbr ha baeirgtdi pbrb ha cacuai mh ais titbahs mh bcghrtis h gfthftis

obaagmis

- Ehstgifbr ab mhogfgcgf mha crifierbdb y hvbaubcgf mha prierhsi mha

mhsbrriaai mha dmuai hf cbmb htbpb

MHSCZG\CGF MH AB BC]G_GMBM

Ab duhcb hst rhprhshftbmb hf sghth (5) hschfbs mgohrhfths, cbmb ufb

distrbfmi cdi sh pimrb vhstgr pbrb gr b ab pabyb, pbrb sbagr hf uf mb aauvgisi,

hf uf mb duy ori cif fghvh, pbrb gr b ufb oghstb, pbrb gr ba ciahegi, b ab tghfmb

y pbrb prbctgcbr mhpirth. Hf cbmb hschfb, ab duhcb sh hfcuhftrb agstb pbrb

shr vhstgmb cif ais trbnhs quh ah shbf phmgmis b trbvs mha bumgi.


45/50

=8

Hf ab pabyb Hf uf mb aauvgisi Hf uf mb cif fghvh

\brb gr b ufb oghstb \brb gr ba ciahegi \brb gr b ab tghfmb

\brb prbctgcbr mhpirth

Ha baudfi puasb hf ais bumoifis pbrb hscuc`br ab `gstirgb y sheugr abs

gfmgcbcgifhs pbrb vhstgr b \hfaiph. Ha baudfi brrbstrb ab vhstgdhftb

shahccgifbmb sijrh ab duhcb. Sg ab vhstgdhftb hs cirrhctb, hstb sh pisb sijrh

ab duhcb, hf cbsi ciftrbrgi, rherhsb b su sgtgi. Sg ha baudfi bchrt, sh

gfcrhdhftb ha ciftbmir mh bcghrtis, hf cbsi ciftrbrgi, sh gfcrhdhftb ha

ciftbmir mh mhsbcghrtis. Ba trdgfi mha hnhrcgcgi, sh ah duhstrb ba baudfi sus

titbahs y sh pbsb b ab sgeughfth hschfb pbrb sheugr ais dgsdis pbsis.


46/50

=?

Sghfmi hsth uf dmuai mh buti-bprhfmgzbnh, ha baudfi puhmh hscuc`br ha bumgi

tbftbs vhchs shb fhchsbrgi, y puhmh rhbagzbr ais hnhrcgcgis cubftbs vhchs

qughrb pbrb aierbr hmucbr ha imi y midgfbr ha vicbjuabrgi.

Ab bctgvgmbm mh mgshi y ehstgf mh hsth dmuai hmucbtgvi cifsgstg hf>

2. Zhcbjbr ais rhquhrgdghftis mha michfth pbrb hfthfmhr ab gmhb y mbrah oirdb

ba priyhcti. Ha michfth siagcgt ufb rhufgf pbrb hxpagcbr su gmhb y vhr ab

obctgjgagmbm mh mhsbrriaabr mgc`b bctgvgmbm.

:. Zhcipgabr ab gfoirdbcgf sijrh ais hschfbrgis, ais trbnhs y ais ciairhs. Ha

michfth sudgfgstr vb cirrhi hahctrfgci ab agstb mh pbabjrbs quh mhjbf

oirdbr pbrth mh ab bctgvgmbm y ais hschfbrgis suehrgmis.

3. Mhogfgr mh ais dmuais prgfcgpbahs mh ab bctgvgmbm usbfmi _gsgi :


47/50

=5

8. Mgshbr ha prititgpi mh pbftbaab b dbfi bazbmb. Sh habjir uf hsquhdb mh

pbftbaab pbrb ujgcbr ais mgvhrsis ijnhtis quh oirdbrbf ab gfthrobsh mh cbmb

hschfbrgi.

?. Bsgefbr mha priyhcti ba mhsbrriaabmir pbrb quh trbjbnh abs htbpbs mh>

b. Mgshi mh ab duhcb, sus trbnhs y abs hschfbs hf Bmijh Gaaustrbtir,

utgagzbfmi ab tbjahtb erogcb y ha Gaaustrbtir pbrb crhbr ais ijnhtis

vhctirgbadhfth.

j. Erbjbcgf y hmgcgf mha bumgi cif ab viz mha michfth pbrb cbmb hschfb

utgagzbfmi ha siotwbrhpbrb hmgcgf mh bumgi UbvhAbj. Sh ah cgtbr ba

michfth pbrb quh habjirh ha mgaiei y erbjh ha sifgmi. \isthrgirdhfth

ha mgshbmir ai hmgtb pbrb ebrbftgzbr ab cbagmbm mha dgsdi.

c. Gftherbcgf mh hschfbs, gdehfhs y bumgi hf Oabs` DP. Cubfmi ha

mgshbmir cuhftb cif timi ha dbthrgba, gftherb ais rhcursis pbrb brdbr

abs hschfbs mha dmuai.

m. \rierbdbcgf mh ab gfthrbctgvgmbm y ciftbmir mh titbahs hfBctgifScrgpt.

Xfb vhz quh ais ijnhtis sh hfcuhftrbf mgspifgjahs y iphrbtgvis, sh

prierbdbf abs bccgifhs pbrb bctgvbr ha bumgi, mh brrbstrh mh ais trbnhs

(mrbe bfm mrip)y mha ciftbmir mh gfthftis obaagmis y mh bcghrtis.

Wb quh ha CSO sh hfcbreb mh mhsbrriaabr vbrgis dmuais hmucbtgvis, `by

quh shahccgifbr fi sai ba mgshbmir cif dhfir viaudhf mh trbjbni sgfi

tbdjgf ba ds gmfhi. Hsti sgefgogcb quh hf baeufbs icbsgifhs sh `b

thfgmi quh rhmgstrgjugr ais trbjbnis hftrh ais itris mgshbmirhs pbrb agjhrbr ba

mgshbmir shahccgifbmi.


48/50

=0

5. Zhvgsbr y prijbr ha prgdhr dmuai (\hfaiph hf ab pabyb) cidi prititgpi

mh ais mhds. Wb quh hs gdpirtbfth ebrbftgzbr ab cbagmbm mha dmuai, ab

Ciirmgfbmirb mh ]hcfiaieb hvbaubr ha dmuai bfths mh mbr ha pbsh pbrb

sheugr cif ha mhsbrriaai mh ais mhds. Hstb hvbaubcgf cifsgsth hf>

b. Zhvgsbr ab cbagmbm erogcb mh ais ijnhtis, sg sif bpripgbmis pbrb ha

fgvha, sg ais ciairhs sif ais bmhcubmis, sg hstf jghf pripircgifbmis,

htc.

j. Zhvgsbr ab cbagmbm mh sifgmi pbrb mhthctbr gdphrohccgifhs,

gfthrohrhfcgb, fgvha mh viaudhf y vhaicgmbm mha mgaiei.

c. Zhvgsbr abs oufcgifhs mh brrbstrh mrbe bfm mrip y mha ciftbmir mh

gfthftis, `bcghfmi vbrgbs pruhjbs pbrb mhthctbr pisgjahs hrrirhs. Ha

ijnhtgvi hs `bchr mh hstbs oufcgifhs oiia priiob pruhjb mh tiftis.

0. Mhtbaabr ab cirrhccgf mh hrrirhs, cbdjgis y/i suehrhfcgbs, b fgvha tcfgci,

sg ouhshf fhchsbrgis. Xfb vhz hvbaubmi ha dmuai sh hfvb ba mgshbmir

uf rhpirth vb cirrhi hahctrfgci pbrb quh `beb abs cirrhccgifhs

phrtgfhfths bfths mh prhshftbr ha dmuai ba michfth.

7. Ciirmgfbr ab hvbaubcgf mha prgdhr dmuai, b fgvha phmbeegci, pir pbrth

mha michfth. Sh cgtb ba michfth pbrb quh hvbah ha prgdhr dmuai, fi sai

b fgvha mh mgshi ehfhrba sgfi b fgvha bcbmdgci. Ai usb bsudghfmi ha

pbpha mh uf baudfi pbrb vhr ab obcgagmbm mh usi y sg cudpah cif ais

ijnhtgvis bcbmdgcis. Ha mgshbmir rhegstrb cbdjgis y/i suehrhfcgbs hf

su behfmb pbrb su pisthrgir gdpahdhftbcgf.

2


49/50

=7

didhfti sh bcchmh ba dmuai b trbvs mh uf hfabch mh pruhjb pbrb

rhvgsbr ha prierhsi mh ais cbdjgis.

22. Suphrvgsbr ha mhsbrriaai h ab gdpahdhftbcgf mh ais dmuais rhstbfths cif

sus rhsphctgvbs htbpbs mh pruhjbs y rhvgsgifhs. Xfb vhz quh ha prgdhr

dmuai sh `b mhsbrriaabmi cif xgti, sh prichmh b mhsbrriaabr ais itris

shgs (?) dmuais rhstbfths.

2:. _hrgogcbr ab pujagcbcgf mha dmuai hf ha pirtba mh Orbfcs pbrb Shxti

Erbmi, hf ab shccgf mh Cidprhfsgf Irba. Xfb vhz quh ab titbagmbm mha

dmuai `byb sgmi bprijbmi pir ha michfth, hsth mhjh pujagcbrsh hf ab

zifb mhogfgmb y sh mhjh prijbr quh timi oufcgifh bmhcubmbdhfth, quh fi

`bybf hfabchs gfbctgvis i ritis, quh ab oufcgifbagmbm mh brrbstrh y

bcuduabcgf mh puftbnh oufcgifh sgf prijahdbs y quh sh pbsh mh hschfb

b hschfb cirrhctbdhfth bfths quh ha michfth ai utgagch hf cabsh cif sus

baudfis.

CXZSIS MH DBWIZ X]GAGMBM HF AB BC]G_GMBM

\brb aierbr hsth dmuai ouh hshfcgba bpagcbr ais sgeughfths cursis>

- Bfagsgs y Mgshi mh Sgsthdbs> pbrb dimhabr ais rhquhrgdghftis mha michfth

y pabfthbr ha mgshi dimuabr mh ab bctgvgmbm

- Baeirgtdis Cidputbcgifbahs> pbrb pimhr prierbdbr ab shcuhfcgb mh

bctgvgmbmhs cif ha bumgi rhsphctgvi y pimhr ciftbjgagzbr ais bcghrtis h

gfthftis obaagmis.

- Ehstgf mh \riyhctis> pbrb pimhr suphrvgsbr ab hnhcucgf h gdpahdhftbcgf

mha dmuai puftubadhfth


50/50

CID\H]HFCGBS BMRXGZGMBS HF AB BC]G_GMBM

\brb rhbagzbr hstb bctgvgmbm sh tuvi quh bpagcbr ab tcfgcb mh prierbdbcgf

irghftbmb b ijnhtis b trbvs mha ahfeubnh BctgifScrgpt, ha cuba sh bpagc b ab

rhprimuccgf mh sifgmi, ba ciftria mh brrbstrh mh ijnhtis y b ab ciftbjgagzbcgf

mh hrrirhs y bcghrtis.

\brb hfthfmhr cdi brdbr ab bfgdbcgf, sh tuvi quh bpagcbr ais cificgdghftis

mh ab `hrrbdghftb Oabs` DPmh tba dbfhrb quh sh pumghrb mhogfgr ab shcuhfcgb

mh abs hschfbs y ab crhbcgf mh ab duhcb y ais ijnhtis b brrbstrbr.

MHOGCGHFCGHFCGBS HF CIFICGDGHF]IS \ZH_GIS

Fi sh thfbf cificgdghftis prhvgis sijrh ab prierbdbcgf irghftbmb b ijnhtis

b trbvs mh uf hftirfi erogci yb quh murbfth ha phrgimi mh hstumgi mh ab

cbrrhrb sh trbjbn hf hftirfi MIS cif ahfeubnhs cidi Jbsgc y \bscba.

]bdpici sh cificb ha cifchpti mh bfgdbcgifhs pir hschfbs y pir cbpbs fg ab

hmgcgf mh bumgi mgegtba yb quh fi sh iorhcg uf cursi mh duatgdhmgb hf ab

currcuab.

Mh fi `bjhr sheugmi cursis mh cidpahdhftbcgf pbrb bprhfmhr b dbfhnbr ab

`hrrbdghftbs fhchsbrgbs, fi `ujghrb pimgmi shr obctgjah ha mhsbrriaai mh hstis

dmuais.

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