Published by: Govern de les Illes Balears

Conselleria d’Agricultura i Pesca

Eusebio Estada, 145. Palma de Mallorca. Balearic Island. SPAIN

Edited by:Isabel Sastre Conde, Hervé Macarie, Gerardo López López, Ana Mª Ibáñez Burgos

Carme Garau, Joana María Luna, Joan March, Antoni Martorell

Margalida Colombas, Jaume Vadell, Jeroni Vera

Jose Luis Sanz

Members of the 3IMEBE Organization

Design of the Draws by: Macarena Moreno Moreno

III Campus Universitario. 28300 Aranjuez. Madrid. SPAIN

Design and printing: Gràfiques Terrasa

ISBN: 978-84-692-4948-2

Deposito Legal: PM-1549-2009

2173 DESORPTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS PESTICIDES FROM SOIL WITH WASTEWATER AND SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS.

Hernández-Soriano M.C.1, Mingorance M.D.2, Peña A.3*1 Departamento de Geoquímica Ambiental, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), c/ Profesor Albareda, 1. 18008 – Granada, SPAIN. Phone: +34-958-181600 Fax: +34-958-129600. 1 maricarmen.hernandez@eez.csic.es 2 mdmingor@eez.csic.es 3*contact arancha@eez.csic.es

Surfactants can be introduced in the environment by wastewater discharge, point-charge pollution or deliberate action, e.g.to remediate contaminated soil or groundwater. The irrigation of soil with wastewater containing surfactants may modify pes-ticide desorption from soil, thus affecting their environmental fate. Desorption from soil of the plain of Granada (South-east-ern Spain) of two organophosphorous pesticides, diazinon and dimethoate, differing in solubility and hydrophobicity, hasbeen evaluated in the presence of different surfactant aqueous solutions and municipal wastewater. Soil was added with bothinsecticides and aged during two weeks. Batch experiments were performed for seven surfactants: a cationic (HDTMA), threeanionic (Aerosol 22, Biopower and SDS), and three non ionic (Tween 80, Triton X-100 and Glucopone 600), municipal waste-water (MWW) from a secondary treatment (Granada municipal plant) and MilliQ water as a control. Besides, non ionic/anion-ic mixed-surfactants solutions were assayed. The insecticides were extracted from the aqueous solutions using microwaveassisted extraction and analysed by gas chromatography. For any given solution, the greater desorption rates corresponded tothe most polar insecticide, dimethoate. Single surfactant solutions affected insecticide desorption mainly depending on thesurfactant type. When compared with MilliQ water the cationic surfactant enhanced both insecticides retention on soil, whilethe anionic and non ionic ones increased desorption rates for the most polar insecticide, dimethoate, decreasing those fordiazinon. Additionally, the maximum percentage of insecticide extracted to the aqueous phase for non ionic and anionic sur-factants was determined through linear regression. Non ionic/anionic mixed-surfactant solutions assayed, at concentrationsincluding those normally found in wastewater, enhanced desorption rates for dimethoate. Desorption performed with MWWdid not largely modify the desorption rate for both pesticides with regard to control water and for the assayed soil:solutionratio. The data obtained will require further consideration before establishing the factors responsible for this behaviour, sinceMWW constitutes a complex matrix, which can induce several changes in soil solution apart from those concerning surfac-tant content. These results provide useful information to assess surfactant effects on pesticides desorption rates.

Acknowledgements: The financial support from CICYT through project reference CGL2007-60355 is kindly acknowledged.

2424 THE BIOTESTING OF OIL-OXIDIZING BACTERIA AND FUNGI ASSOCIATIONS FOR THE CERTIFICATION OFNEW BIOABSORBENTS AND WATER REMEDIATION CONTROL

Terekhova V.1, Botvinko I.3, Vinokurov V.2, Srebnyak E.2

1 A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS.; 2 I M. Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas. 3 M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, RUSSIA

Application of various types of biopreparations possessing high adsorbing capacity in relation to oil-products is now widelyused for handling of spilled oil. The control of non-toxicity of cultures and adsorbing materials is necessary for elaborationof bioaugmentation methods which are perspective for effective oil utilization. There are several biotest-systems used in theEcotoxicological laboratory (www.letap.ru), which are officially recommended for natural ecosystems and waste biotic controlin Russia. Two types of microbe combinations and fresh and sea oil polluted water were investigated in the laboratory exper-iments for purpose of certification of new methods. The study was carried out to test the toxicity of oil bioabsorbent withimmobilized cultures of microorganisms (Pseudomonas sp., Cellulomonas sp., Zoogloea sp Arthrobacter sp., Fusarium later-itium, Gliocladium deliquesce, 104 - 105 KOE/g) using freshwater test-organisms Daphnia magna, Scenedesmus quadricau-da, Paramecium caudatum. The results obtained showed that samples of such kind oil biosorbent don’t reveal any toxic prop-erties. The cleaning effect of applying biosorbent on oil polluted surface fresh water after 30 days from initial 15 percentconcentration was also verified using these test-systems. The remediation effect natural indigenous bacterial associationswere investigated at the laboratory model at the high level of aeration in oil-polluted see-water of Baltic Sea. The water wascollected previously from Baltic Sea near Svetlogorsk city. The following species were identified from the sea water:Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Corynebacterium; Pseudomonas, Cytophaga, Spirillum,Alteromonas, Myxococcus. For preparing of biopreparation “Marine Snow” the enriched bacterial culture were accumulatedand used for immobilization at the mineral porous absorbent, fungi mycelium and cotton floating material. The remediationeffect by own sea bacterial associations and the bioabsorbent “Marine Snow” was controlled using of two species of tests-organisms which belong to salt biotope inhabitants - Artemia salina and marine algae Chlorella minutissima. Cells of Ch.minutissima were exposed in enriched bacterial cultures without dilution, A. salina – in suspension of diluted cultures (1:2,1:10, 1:102, 1:103, 1:104). The survival of A. salina and growth reduction of algae cell population were compared at thefollowing experiments: (i) intact Baltic Sea water (control), (ii) the sea water with 2.5% of oil, and (iii) enriched culture pre-pared at the sea water with 2.5% of oil. It was investigated that the growth of Ch. minutissima was even stimulated both at(ii) and (iii) variants of experiment. A. salina was more sensitive than the algae. The acute lethality LC50 of oil pollution seawater on A. salina induced by enriched culture as well by it’s twofold dilution. But these high concentrations of bacterio-plankton can exist only at the laboratory vessel and are never observed at the natural conditions. So, the inhibiting effect of10-2, 10-3, and 10-4 diluted enriched culture was absent. The samples of the biosorbent “Marine Snow” don’t reveal any toxicproperties and it belongs to the V class of toxicity (according to Russian Environmental Standard Criteria of Toxicity., # 511).Thus it was shown that natural indigenous associations of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria and the biopreparation at it’s basisare effective remediation agents for oil-polluted water without toxic effect on the phytoplankton and zooplankton organisms.

3IMEBE / 79

III STRATEGIES FOR THE PROTECTION AND REMEDIATION OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS