GUÍA DILEMAS AL FINAL DE LA VIDA Y LA MIRADA BIOÉTICA

7/30/2019 GUA DILEMAS AL FINAL DE LA VIDA Y LA MIRADA BIOTICA

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@lt dgip`bdldbgfjt }j`ldbgflalt jf `l ilfj}l aj ig}b}, pzjajf b`ztq}l}tj aj ijeg} hg}il l q}lxtaj `lt xj}tbgfjt |zj alf `lt pj}tgflt |zj izj}jf& Lp}gsbilalijfqj dzl}jfql lgt lq}t, jjfqgfdjt jtqzablfqj aj ijabdbfl Tcj}~bf Fz`lfa jf tz p}bij}l fgdcj jf j` cgtpbql`, tj jfdgfq}dgf zf pldbjfqj ig}bmzfag, Elijt IdDl}qcr& ]jdg}alfag `l tbqzldbf, Fz`lfa jtd}bmj5

l" Elijt IdDl}qcr j}l zf jejdzqbxg aj dgftq}zddbf dg}pz`jfqg dzrg sbqg dgij}dbl` `g clmltjazdbag jf `gt plq}gfjt aj xbal |zj lcg}l tlmjigt |zj tgf tzbdbalt& _j}g `gt ldgfqjdbibjfqgt aj

tz jfhj}ijala tj ``jxl}gf l dlmg [l `l xjuY& Dzlfag tj d}jl |zj hzil}, dgij} dl}fj }gel, lt dgign}lfajt dlfqbalajt aj qgdbfg, ezfqg dgf ilfqj|zb` l, fg njfj}lmlf fbfnf qbpg aj }bjtng& Tj clmldgfxj}qbag jf zfl pj}tgfl gmjtl r qlimbf tjajfql}bl&

IdDl}qcr ``jn l `l tl`l aj jij}njfdbl aj` cgtpbql` l `lt 35?? pi jf zfl ql}aj dl`z}gtl r cijal lp}bfdbpbgt aj tjpqbjim}j, |zjefagtj aj zfl p}jtbf aj dgftq}bddbf ajq}t aj` jtqj}ff, |zjpl}jdl b}}labl} cldbl l}}bml jf `l nl}nlfql r lmleg aj tz m}lug bu|zbj}ag&

J` bfqj}fg |zj xbg l IdDl}qcr jf `l tl`l aj jij}njfdblt tjl` |zj pl}jdl p`bag r tzag}gtg rqjfl zf pz`tg b}}jnz`l}& J` q}lulag j`jdq}gdl}abgn}hbdg, }jxj` |zj tj clml p}gazdbag zf bfhl}qg, `g|zj tbnfbhbdl |zj zf }jl pj|zjl aj `l pl}ja aj` dg}luf tj clml allag&

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_g} tzpzjtqg, tzt libngt r hlib bl}jt fg xbj}gf flal jf jtqg& It mbjf, xbj}gf l zf lfdblfgajild}lag, |zj ``jxlml pll`jt r |zj ``g}lml l` xj}tj tg`g, rl xjdjt ``g}lml dgf n}lf ldjpqldbfaj `lt it ifbilt dgtlt&

Iz}}lr jtqlml gdzplag jf zfl `zdcl ajtjtpj}lal pg} tz xbal, pg} tz jsbtqjfdbl, pg} l`nzfl pbudlaj tg`baju h}jfqj l `lt pgtbmb`balajt aj `l izj}qj r aj `l flal&Dlal ibfzqg, dlal cg}l, dlal al j}lzfl `zdcl ajtjtpj}lal pg} tjnzb} tbjfag l`ng jf dgfq}l aj `lt hzj}ult |zj q}lqlmlf aj cldj}`j

tjfqb} |zj fg j}l flal&L` hbfl`, qgag ``jnl `l izj}qj pg} lfgsbl& Zfg q}lql aj fg }jtpb}l}, pl}l qj}ibfl} dgf qgag}pbalijfqj, pj}g j` dzj}pg `zdcl ajiltblag pl}l gmjajdj} jf dgfq}l l` tzbdbabg bfqj`jdqzl`, rl |zj|zbj}j xbxb}, bfd`ztg tb j` dj}jm}g |zbj}j ig}b}& R lt, dgig zf lfbil`, elajlfqj, tbf jthzj}ug, `gtpz`igfjt l pjtl} aj tz `zdcl, tbnzjf zfl r gq}l xju cltql |zj |zjalf jf dgil r tbf dgfdbjfdbl ajbfqj}}zipb} jtqj il`bdbl aj `l lzqg)gmtj}xldbf r lzqg)qg}qz}l&

Iz}}lr iz}b aj ql` ilfj}l, |zj iz}b jfxzj`qg tgm}j t ibtig)jf }jl`bala tj lhj}} l t ibtig pg}`l xbal jf zfl pgtbdbf hjql`& Tb fg hzj}l pg} j` pj`g n}bt, j` ajtpj}abdbg aj dltb agt ijq}gt aj dzj}pg,`l dl}l l}}znlal j cbfdclal, zfg pga}l clmj} pjftlag |zj j}l zf fbg |zbjf iz}b jf `l dzfl&

_j}g Iz}}lr ^lttj}ilf fg j}l zf fbg tbfg zf xbjeg, zf cgim}j izr xbjeg |zj iz}b lfqjt ajqbjipg r |zj lzf|zj tg`g qzxbj}l tjtjfql lgt pl}jdl izdcg it lfdblfg r ldlmlag&

d" _g} `qbig, j` lzqg} r j` iabdg ]bdcl}a Tj`uj}, }j`lql tz jfdzjfq}g dgf zf pldbjfqj aj TBAL r tztgdbg jf


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Jf zf tjfqbag bipg}qlfqj, qlimbf pgajigt ajdb} |zj tz izj}qj fg pgal tj} aj gq}l ilfj}l& Lpjtl} aj |zj pzjaj clmj} qjfbag j` dgfq}g` tgm}j tz l`bijfqldbf r cmbqgt aj xbal lfqjt aj |zj tzdg}luf `j hl``l}l, zfl xju IdDl}qcr tj jfdgfq}lml jf j` cgtpbql`, rl j}l ajiltblag ql}aj& J` dgfq}g`tgm}j tz izj}qj j}l jxbajfqj |zj fg j}l tz dltg&

Iz}}lr ^lttj}ilf, pg} gq}g `lag, }jxj`l `l abtqlfdbl izr }jl` jfq}j `l tbqzldbf aj zfg r `ltpj}djpdbgfjt aj `gt ajit& Zf lfdblfg izj}j dgig zf fbg ibjfq}lt tzt pl}bjfqjt `g jfdzjfq}lf

plqqbdg r ajd}pbqg& @zdclfag pg} zf lzqg |zj pj}ab cldj qbjipg, tbf jiml}ng, Iz}}lr tj izj}jqlf tg`g dgig IdDl}qcr, pj}abag jf tz p}gpbg izfag& R l|z tj pga}l ajdb} |zj izdcg it tjpga}l clmj} cjdcg& @l flqz}l`jul p}gn}jtbxl aj `l jfhj}ijala aj Iz}}lr pj}ibqb `l pgtbmb`bala ajlagpql} ijabalt p}gldqbxlt pl}l ajqj}ibfl} j` p}gdjtg aj `l izj}qj, jf zf fbxj` pj}tgfl`& Ajxg`zfqlajt lfqbdbplalt r `l dgizfbdldbf jfq}j `gt p}ghjtbgfl`jt aj `l tl`za, `l hlib`bl, `gt libngt, rpg} tzpzjtqg, j` p}gpbg Iz}}lr az}lfqj `lt jqlplt qjip}lflt aj `l jfhj}ijala pzjaj clmj}lrzalag dgf dzbalag jf `lt jqlplt pgtqj}bg}jt&

_g} `qbig, `l tbqzldbf aj ]lif jsp}jtl zf ajtjg aj jxbql} j` xldg aj `l izj}qj lfqj}bg}ijfqjajtd}bql& Bfh`zjfdblag pg} `l flqz}l`jul aj tz p}ghjtbf r j` dl}dqj} aj tzt }j`ldbgfjt, ]lif j}l

izr dgftdbjfqj aj `lt dzjtqbgfjt p`lfqjlalt jf tz p}gpbl jfhj}ijala& Dgip}gijqbagt dgf zfl}j`ldbf aj lig}, tz ajtjg aj ig}b} qlimbf jtqlml p}jgdzplag dgf tz pl}jel, `lt dl}nltbfxg`zd}lalt jf j` dzbalag r `l xj}njful aj `l jsbtqjfdbl jf tz dgfabdbf& ]lif lp}gxjdc `lgpg}qzfbala pl}l jej}dj} tz lnjfdbl, |zj ajtjlml pl}qbdbpl} jf tz p}gpbg p}gdjtg aj ig}b}&

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@l izj}qj jt j` hbf aj `l xbal, pj}g dgig rl cj tjl`lag, `l izj}qj jt zf p}gdjtg ajfq}g aj `l xbal&Dgig ql`, jt hdb` pltl} aj pjftl} jf dig `l ilrg}l aj fgtgq}gt ig}bigt p}jnzfqfagfgt t

pzabigt clmj} izj}qg ijeg} @l ilrg}l aj `lt izj}qjt tgf bfdgfq}g`lalt r fg ajtjlalt& _l}jdj}lugflm`j, jfqgfdjt, pl}l fgtgq}gt #dgig ]lif" dgf j` ajtjg aj qjfj} zfl ilfg jf fzjtq}lizj}qj, jf `l ijabal jf |zj aligt hg}il l fzjtq}lt izj}qjt l fzjtq}g nztqg r aj` ln}lag aj|zbjfjt fgt }gajlf& @gt bfqjfqgt aj al} hg}il l` p}gdjtg aj `l izj}qj tgf -tbnfbhbdlqbxgt- jf `lijabal jf |zj }jh`jelf gq}gt ldqgt aj `l xbal |zj dgftbaj}ligt bipg}qlfqjt r tbnfbhbdlqbxgt& \zbj}gtznj}b}, pg} qlfqg, |zj `l izj}qj fg jt fb tbnfbhbdlqbxl fb bftjftbm`j bipgtbm`j&

L }lu aj ^b``bli Elijt, d}jg |zj d}jligt tbnfbhbdlag jf fzjtq}lt xbalt dlal xju |zj hbeligt zflijql pj}tgfl`ijfqj j bfqj`bnjfqjijfqj dgfdjmbal dgig bajl`, dgf j` dg}lej r `l ilfg aj gm}lfjdjtl}bl pl}l `gn}l}`g&

@l xbal nlfl tbnfbhbdlag l q}lxt aj `l bfqj`bnjfdbl r `l hg}ql`jul& -J` tbnfbhbdlag aj `l xbal-, jsp`bdlElijt,

Jt j` h}zqg aj `l zfbf aj agt pla}jt abhj}jfqjt, rl tjl aj `gt dzl`jt tg`g jt jtq}b`& @gt bajl`jtqgilagt jf t ibtilt fg alf fbfnzfl }jl`bala, `lt xb}qzajt pg} t ibtilt fbfnzfl fgxjala& @ldgtl it p}ghzfal, g jf qgag dltg, aj `l it p}ghzfal dgipl}lqbxlijfqj ) tbnfbhbdlag jf `l xbalpl}jdj tj} tz dl}dqj} aj p}gn}jtg, g |zj jsq}ll zfbf aj `l }jl`bala dgf `l fgxjala bajl` |zjtbnzj aj zf igijfqg l gq}g cltql `l ldqzl`bala&


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J` p}gn}jtg bfabxbazl` jf `l xbal tbjip}j pzjaj ajtl}}g``l} tz hbf r ajtp`jnl} ijabgt pl}l l`dlful}ajfq}g aj tz jspj}bjfdbl xbxbal& _g} jejip`g, `l mt|zjal aj zf jtqzablfqj aj n}lag iabdg |zj altjfqbag l `l xbal dgig j` jtqzablfqj p}gn}jtl l q}lxt aj `l jtdzj`l aj ijabdbfl pl}l dgfxj}qb}tj jfzf iabdg& @l ldqbxbala jt tbnfbhbdlqbxl p}jdbtlijfqj pg} `l }luf aj |zj jtqg bip`bdl zf bajlpj}tgfl` #dgfxb}qbfagtj jf zf iabdg" r `gt ijabgt pl}l l`dlful} j` bajl` #`l hzj}ul aj dl}dqj}pl}l qjfj} sbqg jf j` lg ajtpzt aj zf az}g q}lmleg l q}lxt aj `l jtdzj`l aj ijabdbfl"&

_g} tzpzjtqg, `lt it tbip`jt, ijfgt qbjipg, `gt bajl`jt r q}lmlegt fg p}ghjtbgfl`jt #ql`jt dgig jajtjg aj dgij} r `zjng p}jpl}l} zfl dgibal" jtqf jf tzt bftqlfdblt p}gpblt hg}ilt aj p}gn}jtgtbnfbhbdlqbxg& Fzjtq}lt `lmg}jt dgqbablflt ajtl}}g``l} j` dl}dqj} aj fzjtq}gt jt|zjilt n}lfabgtgtibjfq}lt n}lfabgtgt p`lfjt aj lrzal} l al} hg}il l` ajtl}}g``g aj `lt ldqbxbalajt dgqbablflt&Fzjtq}gt bajl`jt abl}bgt l ijfzag tj dgfxbj}qjf jf pl}qj aj `gt ijabgt l `gt bajl`jt Lf it, tbfajel} aj tj}, j``gt ibtigt, qj}ibfl pl}l tj} abth}zqlag tbf }jdz}}b} l tz hzfdbf jf fzjtq}lt ijqltit l`qlt& @l dgftq}zddbf aj zfl dltl, pg} jejip`g, qbjfj izdcgt q}lmlegt bfabxbazl`jt |zj tj zfjfpl}l hg}il} `l jtq}zdqz}l ldlmlal, r dlal `la}b``g ldqbxbala aj l}}jn`g, |zj jfil}dlf `lt pl}jajt gpbfqz}l, pzjaj tj} tlqbthldqg}bg r ln}lalm`j jf t ibtig, bfajpjfabjfqj aj `lt dgfjsbgfjt l`dgfezfqg&

Qgalt `lt pj}tgflt jf dzl`|zbj} jqlpl aj `l xbal pzjajf qjfj} bajl`jt& _l}l Elijt, `gt bajl`jt tgf-bfqj`jdqzl`ijfqj dgfdjmbagt- r qjfj} -fgxjala l` ijfgt pl}l |zbjf `gt ldgnj dgig bajl`jt&- @gtbajl`jt ajmjf }jtbab} jf `l dgfdbjfdbl }jh`jsbxl r lpgaj}l}tj aj `gt bfabxbazgt aj hg}il jsd`ztbxlElijt lhb}il lajit5 -Fg clr flal lmtg`zqlijfqj bajl`5 `gt bajl`jt tgf }j`lqbxgt l `l xbal |zj `jtjfq}jqbjfjf&- Tjfqbag aj `l xbal jt izr bfabxbazl`bulag _l}l Elijt, tbip`jijfqj fg clr fbfnftjfqbag tgm}j)l}|zjg l `l xbal, fg tgf t`g `gt dltgt pl}qbdz`l}jt aj& Jt ajdb} d}jlag pg} zflpj}tgfl jf pl}qbdz`l}& R dgibjful jtqj p}gdjtg aj tjfqbag dzlfag `l -fgxjala- aj zf -bfqj`jdqzl`dgfdjmbag- ijql tj lpgaj}l aj `l lqjfdbf r `gt cmbqgt p}gxgdl abtpgfbm`jt r Clmb`balajt jflddbf&

-Fgxjala- tj }jhbj}j l `l dl`bala aj `l tbfnz`l}bala jejip`bhbdlal pg} `gt jsq}jigt pgtbm`jt, rl |zjtgf jspj}bijfqlagt pg} zf bfabxbazg& @gt bajl`jt |zj -lnl}}lf- zf bfabxbazg jdclf ilfg aj `llqjfdbf r izjxjf l `l pj}tgfl l `l lddbf& J` bajl`bulag} jfdzjfq}l jf j` bajl` `l pgtbmb`bala aj `ljsp}jtbf fbdl aj tzt ql`jfqgt& R l pjtl} aj |zj l`nzfgt gmejqbxgt pzjajf pl}jdj} q}bxbl`jt l `gtajit, pl}l `l pj}tgfl |zj jtq -dgip}jfabag-, zf tjfqbibjfqg aj dgip}gibtg tj dgftbaj}l |zj `ldlpldbala aj zf bfabxbazg r `l d}jlqbxbala tgf ``lilalt -]zqbflt jt bfdgiplqbm`j dgf `l bajl`bala, lpjtl} aj `g |zj jtq jiplplag aj }zqbfl pl}l zfl pj}tgfl pzjaj tj} `l fgxjala bajl` pl}l gq}g&- Jibtig bajl` jt it jf hg}il aj lmg}alej bfabxbazl`bulag aj zfl pj}tgfl l` ibtig& Qgijigt dgigjejip`g `l ldqbxbala aj xg`l} zf lxbf& L`nzflt pj}tgflt #ib tzjn}g, pg} dbql} zfg" jfdzjfq}lf zfl

l`jn}l, zfl -`bmj}qla-, zf -}ztc- jf tj} jf j` dbj`g r pgtjj} j` dgfq}g` aj zf lxbf& _l}l qb g pl}l i,pzjaj |zj fg clrl n}lf fgxjala g abth}zqj jf `l jtdzj`l aj xzj`g, dgfq}g` aj qbj}}l, r `lt ld}gmldbltl}jlt, pj}g `lt pj}tgflt dgig Dczdk Rjlnj}, lt dgig ib tzjn}g r gq}gt jfqztbltqlt aj jfdgfq}l}j` ldqg aj dgfq}g` tj abtpl}l}gf l q}lxt aj `lt fzmjt zfl tl`bal l tzt ql`jfqgt bfabxbazl`jt r fbdgt

Lajit, `gt igijfqgt aj fgxjala cbtq}bdl tz}njf dzlfag `gt bfabxbazgt pl}qbdz`l}jt bajl`bulf zflldqbxbala pl}l qgal zfl pgdl #dgfxb}qbfagtj jf -bajl`jt- jf t" ) jejip`gt gmxbgt |zj bfd`zrjf pg}jejip`g l Dcl}`jt @bfamj}nc r Jl}cl}aq Lij`bl& It dgif, tbf jiml}ng, tgf `gt dgip}gibtgtabl}bgt pg} dlal zfg aj fgtgq}gt |zj pj}tbnzjf hbfjt ajtjlm`jt)dgig ib pla}j)jf)`jr jflig}lagaj xzj`g&


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-Bfqj`jdqzl`ijfqj dgfdjmbag-, pg} gq}g `lag, fgt ``jxl it l`` aj `l tbip`j fgxjala, tbfg |zjtbnfbhbdl |zj `gt hbfjt ajmjf tj} gmejqg aj }jh`jsbf l `l `zu aj `gt ijabgt abtpgfbm`jt lfqjt aj tj}pj}tjnzbagt& Bajl`jt bfqj`bnjfqjt tgf `gt |zj lrzalf l d}jl} zfl cbtqg}bl ldjpqlm`j, dgcj}jfqj, tbfg|zj -jfdlelf- ajfq}g aj `gt ijabgt abtpgfbm`jt, r gq}gt jsq}jigt |zj tj clf p`lfqjlag jf `ltbqzldbf& Dgig Egcf Aj~jr tjl` jf tz ajd`l}ldbf tgm}j `l dgfqbfzbala jfq}j ijabgt r hbfjt,Elijt tjl`l |zj `l }jh`jsbf qgil ij}gt gmejqgt xl`bgtgt r `gt cldj it xl`bgtgt, jt ajdb}, `gtbajl`jt bfqj`bnjfqjijfqj dgfdjmbagt fg t`g tgf ajtjlagt dgig hbfjt jf t ibtigt, pj}g tj

ajtdzm}b |zj ajtjlm`j, abnfl aj fzjtq}g ajtjg, q}lt `l bfxjtqbnldbf aj `gt dgtqgt rdgftjdzjfdblt& _g} jejip`g, rg pga}l qgil} `jddbgfjt aj xzj`g, pj}g j` ajtjg pg} t tg`g fg jttzhbdbjfqj pl}l |zj tjl abnfg aj ib mt|zjal&

Qjfng |zj bfxjtqbnl} `gt hldqg}jt jdgfibdgt, `l abtpgfbmb bala, }jtq}bddbgfjt aj qbjipg, `ltgm`bnldbgfjt hlib`bl}jt, aj ibt p}gpblt clmb`balajt r qjig}jt, r lt tzdjtbxlijfqj& T`g ajtpzt ajclmj} tjnzbag l dlmg jtql bfxjtqbnldbf pzjag pltl} aj zfl ij}l -dlp}bdcgtg- bajl`, l l`ngajqj}ibflag |zj tjl xl`bgtg g fg& -Dlp}bdcgtgt- ajtjgt tbf }jh`jsbf }l}l xju ``jnlf l mzjf q}ibfgr cldj} aj `gt -Dlp}bdcgtgt- ajtjgt tbf }jh`jsbf }l}l xju ``jnl l mzjf q}ibfg r pl}l qjfj} `lpgtbmb`bala aj zf dgfh`bdqg bip}jxbtqg jf `l `fjl& @l bfqj`bnjfdbl fgt lrzal l g}ajfl} l q}lxt aj

abxj}tgt hbfjt jf xbtql r dgftbaj}l} `gt ijabgt pl}l l`dlful}`gt dgf j` hbf aj ajqj}ibfl} `gt -xl`j `lpjfl j` jthzj}ug&-

Jtqgt }j|zbtbqgt aj -fgxjala- r `l -bfqj`bnjfdbl- bip`bdlf |zj `gt bajl`jt fg }jtbajf l`` aj `ljspj}bjfdbl dgig hbfjt hg}il`jt g lmtg`zqg, tbfg |zj tj d}jlf ajfq}g r pg} fzjtq}l xbal dgqbablfl, jtajdb}, |zj tz}njf aj fzjtq}lt cbtqg}blt jf dz}tg, lt dgig `lt cbtqg}blt aj l|zj``gt dgf |zbjfjtjfq}lf jf dgfqldqg& Jf qlfqg bfqj`jdqzl` dgfdjmbag r fgxjagtg, bajl`jt ajmjf qgdl}fgt r ``jnl} lmzjf q}ibfg jf fzjtq}lt jspj}bjfdblt, rl |zj fgt nzj jf j` jip`jg aj `gt ijabgt abtpgfbm`jt r ajdgfqlmb`bala pl}l hbfjt aj gq}gt qlimbf& Jt dbj}qg |zj, aj ldzj}ag dgf Elijt, -Jtql} ajtfzag,lmtq}ldqg, r aj bfijablqg, tj xj |zj `gt bajl`jt t`g tgf `lt dgtlt ml}lqlt jf `l xbal& Qgag j` izfag

`gt qbjfj jf zfl hg}il z gq}l, pj}tgfl` g njfj}l`, tgfbag g j|zbxgdlal, mlel g l`ql& -Tbf jiml}ng, tzbipg}qlfdbl jf `l xbal fg tj ajqbjfj dgf- ml}lqgt -bajl`jt& Dgig Elijt bftbtqj, `gt ijabgtjip`jlagt tgf aj bnzl` bipg}qlfdbl pl}l `gt hbfjt r `gt ijabgt qlimbf tz}njf aj fzjtq}ljspj}bjfdbl&

Zf bajl` fg t`g ajmj tj} bfijablql r lmtq}ldql ajtjlag pj}g lpjnlag l `l abtdbp`bfl r j` dg}lejpl}l pj}tjnzb}`gt; bajl`jt, pl}l dgfxj}qb}tj jf tbnfbhbdlqbxg, tj ajmj jfdgfq}l} pl}l tj} ajtjlm`j& Thbfjt pj}tgfl`jt tj dgfxbj}qlf dzip`bag #ajfq}g aj `l jspj}bjfdbl", ajmjigt }jtpl`al} fzjtq}lt-xbtbgfjt bajl`jt dgf `g |zj `gt q}lmlelag}jt qbjfjf, j` ilqj}bl` it hzj}qj aj`&&& `l xb}qza, ajmjigtiz`qbp`bdl} `l tzpj}hbdbj [`gt bajl`jt .Y tjfqbijfql` pg} `l abijftbf aj `l pl}qbdbpldbf ldqbxl aj `l

xg`zfqla, tb |zj}jigt qjfj} `l p}ghzfabala, tb |zj}jigt qjfj} flal t`bag dmbdg r jf `l hg}il aj`dl}dqj}& Zfl xju it, xjigt |zj zf dgfqbfzg aj ijabgt r hbfjt jsbtqj ql` aj |zj `gt ijabgt alfpg} `g ajit xldg, j` dgfqjfbag aj `gt bajl`jt r j` dl}dqj} h}xg`g& Tbnfbhbdlag, jfqgfdjt, p}gxbjfjaj jtqj jthzj}ug ldqbxg pl}l ldqzl`bul} fzjtq}lt ijqlt pj}tgfl`jt&

Qgilal jf jtqj tjfqbag, -tbnfbhbdldbf- tj ajtl}}g``l l pl}qb} aj `l hztbf aj dg}lej, aj hzj}ul r ajbfqj`bnjfdbl, jt ajdb}, `lt xb}qzajt |zj dgfazdjf l `l njfqj pl}l jfdl}fl} jtqgt bajl`jt jf tz xbalabl}bl& Elijt q}ibfg dgf jtqg lhb}ilfag |zj -p}gn}jtg- r j` p}gn}jtg bfdg}pg}l `l dlpldbalabfqj`jdqzl` pl}l d}jl} ijqlt r `l hg}ql`jul lddbgfl} aj dzip`b}`gt, bfajpjfabjfqjijfqj aj fzjtq}lpgtbdbf ldqzl` jf `l `fjl aj qbjipg jfq}j j` fldbibjfqg r `l izj}qj& Lajit, ibjfq}lt |zj `l


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hg}ql`jul r `l hzj}ul tgf l xjdjt abhdb`jt aj }jzfb}, bajl`jt tz}njf pg} qgalt pl}qjt, |zj hg}il pl}qjbfqjn}lfqj aj fzjtq}l xbal dgqbablfl -, `lt it dgizfjt `lt dgtlt jf `l xbal&-

_G]\Z L@NZBJF AJTJL]L IG]B]7

#Rl tjl -n}lfabgtg- r aj `l}ng p`lug g qgagt `gt alt r it bfijablqg" pzjaj tz}nb} aj dzl`|zbj}l aj`lt tbqzldbgfjt aj `l xbal& Gpg}qzfbalajt pl}l `l tbnfbhbdldbf, Tlfqblng fgt }jdzj}al, tgf-}jl`ijfqj dgf fgtgq}gt mleg dzl`|zbj} abth}lu&- Dgig dzjtqbf aj cjdcg, pga}ligt jfdgfq}l} jtj

tbnfbhbdlag -xbql`&&& h`g}jdj l xjdjt ajtaj hzj}l aj `l qziml jf `l |zj izr bilnbfligt |zj fzjtq}lhj`bdbala hzj j` tj} jfqj}}lag -Bfd`ztg jf `lt p}ghzfabalajt aj `l ajtjtpj}ldbf, `gt bajl`jt pzjajfxjfb} l fgtgq}gt, fzjtq}gt-& Jfhj}ij}lt aj `lt clmbqldbgfjt qbjfjf tzt }jxj`ldbgfjt jtpjdbl`jt-Cldbfagtj jdg aj jtql bajl l` clm`l} aj `l xl`jfql& Aj l`nzfgt pldbjfqjt d}fbdgt r jf hltjqj}ibfl , j` ptb|zblq}l L}qcz} K`jbfilf tjl`l |zj -tgf p}jdbtlijfqj `lt tbqzldbgfjt ajajtjtpj}ldbf r qj}ibfl`jt |zj [tgfY jtjfdbl`jt pl}l d}jl} zf tbnfbhbdlag lzqfqbdg&- R dgfqbfl itlaj`lfqj5 -J` tbnfbhbdlag tj cl d}jlag jf j` dgfqjsqg aj `l n}lxj jfhj}ijala& & & & J` tbnfbhbdlag aj `ljfhj}ijala fg qbjfj pg} |z tj} dgfq}lp}gazdjfqj, tbfg |zj pzjaj tj} )lzf|zj l ijfzag fg `g jt)zfl gpg}qzfbala pl}l j` d}jdbibjfqg, j` pzfqg aj pl}qbal aj l`ng it p}ghzfag r it hbfg -Jf gq}lt

pl`lm}lt, lfqj j` lmbtig aj `l izj}qj& T, pga}ligt jfdgfq}l} l`nf pltlag tbnfbhbdlqbxg rp}gn}jtbxg [-d}jdbibjfqg- ijeg}l}Y igijfqgt&

_j}g l|z pgajigt jfdgfq}l}fgt ajtdgfdj}qlagt pg} zfl dg`jddbf aj q}ibfgt |zj pl}jdjfpl}laebdlt5 `l izj}qj qj}ibfl`, jfhj}ijala,, lmbtig, r j` p}gn}jtg& Tb `l izj}qj jt j` jxjfqg hbfl`aj `l xbal #j` jsq}jig aj hzqz}gt pgtbm`jt" r j` tbnfbhbdlag aj `l xbal tj jfdzjfq}l jf dz}tg #`g |zjbip`bdl zf hzqz}g", dig pgajigt }j`ldbgfl} `l izj}qj r j` p}gn}jtg7 _l}l }jl`bul} jtql dgfjsbf,qjfjigt |zj xg`xj} l ib qjtbt lfqj}bg} aj |zj fzjtq}g jfhg|zj jf `l -izj}qj- ajmj djfq}l}tj jf-ig}b}-& Jtqj fhltbt qz}fg aj `znl}jt jf zf p}gdjtg ldqbxg, fg zf igijfqg tbfnz`l} g jxjfqg& Dgig^b``bli Nlxbf cl tjl`lag, |zj dgig fg tj pga}l bajfqbhbdl} zfl ij`gal dgf `l `qbil fgql aj `l

pl}qbqz}l, lt qlimbf fg clr |zj djfq}l}tj jf j` `qbig igijfqg aj `l izj}qj, |zj jt `l izj}qj, ljspjftlt aj qgag j` p}gdjtg aj ig}b}& fhltbt jf j` p}gdjtg aj ig}b} tldl l `l `zu j` pgqjfdbl` aj `g|zj tbnfbhbdl |zj j` |zj izj}j al l` hbfl` aj `l xbal&

Dgig p}gdjtg, `l izj}qj qbjfj tz igxbibjfqg fg t`g cldbl zf hbfl`, `l izj}qj, pj}g pzjaj qjfj} zfigxbibjfqg cldbl zfl ijql, JT AJDB], IG]B] MBJF, zf igxbibjfqg |zj pzjaj tj} ilfbpz`lag pg}fgtgq}gt l q}lxt aj fzjtq}lt ldqbxbalajt ajqj}ibflalt r qjdfg`gnlt& Alal `l flqz}l`jul ajp}gdjtg, jtqg pzjaj tj} fzjtq}l `qbil gpg}qzfbala aj tjfqbag jf `l xbal, r j` dgfq}g` tgm}j `gtijabgt pl}l j` hbfl` al hg}il l` dl}dqj} aj hbf jf t ibtig& _g} gq}l pl}qj, clr |zj }jdgfgdj} |zjjtqgt p}gdjtgt xlf jf j` izfag aj `gt tj}jt xbxgt tgdbl`jt, ibjfq}lt |zj gq}gt, fg t`g pl}l

fgtgq}gt, tj dgfxbj}qjf bip`bdlal jf fzjtq}lt ldqbxbalajt r dlimblag pg} j``gt& _g} `g qlfqg, dzlfag`l izj}qj ``jnl l fzjtq}gt dzj}pgt, zfl pl}qj aj fgtgq}gt dgfqbfl, jf `l ijabal jf |zj gq}gtpl}qbdbpl}gfjf j` tbnfbhbdlag aj fzjtq}lt xbalt r ``jxl} laj`lfqj jtgt tbnfbhbdlagt jf tz p}gpblajtpzt aj |zj fzjtq}gt dzj}pgt tj clf bag&

Ig}b} dgf tjfqbag, jfqgfdjt, jt qgil}`g dgig l`ng q}lfthg}ilag}& Tj al fzjxl hg}il l `l xbalaj gq}gt |zj tj |zjalf lq}t& Fzjtq}l ig}bmzfag al l `gt ajit, xl}lalt aj tzt p}gpblt xbalt rig}bmzfagt bfxg`zd}fag`gt jf j` tjfqbag aj |zj fzjtq}l p}gpbl izj}qj qbjfj pl}l fgtgq}gt&


8/13

It lf, r ql` xju it bipg}qlfqj pl}l j` pldbjfqj ig}bmzfag, tbf jiml}ng, `l izj}qj aj tjfqbaghldz`ql l `l pldbjfqj az}lfqj `lt jqlplt hbfl`jt aj `l xbal& Jtqg cldj |zj j` pldbjfqj pl}qbdbpl jf `ltldqbxbalajt |zj }gajlf j` p}gdjtg aj ig}b}& Ig}b} tbnfbhbdlqbxl q}lql jsp`dbqlijfqj j` rg dgigdgfjdqlag l zf tbnfbhbdlag jf `l xbal pg} al} l `gt pldbjfqjt j` dgfq}g` aj tzt fl}}ldbgfjtpj}tgfl`jt& Ldqgt tbnfbhbdlqbxgt aj ig}b} ``jxl} j` xldg tbf hg}il lpl}jfqj aj` lmbtig aj `l izj}qj ral}`j zf p}gptbqg tbnfbhbdlqbxg, ibjfq}lt |zj `g |zj jt zf `gn}g tbnfbhbdlqbxg jf `lt `qbilt jqlplt aj`l xbal ibtil, ldqgt |zj dgfxj}qb} flal jf pgqjfdbl` tbnfbhbdldbf }jl`&

DIG L@NZBJF \ZBJ]J IG]B]

Dig lhjdql jtql ajhbfbdbf aj `l xbal aj tbnfbhbdlag)p}gn}jtg)qgil} hg}il jf `gt pldbjfqjt |zjjtqf jf j` p}gdjtg aj `l izj}qj7 _l}l l`nzfgt pldbjfqjt, zf bipg}qlfqj p}gdjtg aj ig}b} pzjajbfd`zb} jtpjdhbdlijfqj `gt ijabgt dgfq}g`lagt aj ltjnz}l} `l izj}qj pg} tzbdbabg, j` tzbdbabg ltbtqbagg `l jzqlfltbl& Jtqgt ldqgt aj la|zbtbdbf aj `l izj}qj, pg} `lt ilfgt aj `gt p}gpbgt pldbjfqjt g aj`gt |zj aj`jn pg} j``gt, pzjajf jipgaj}l} l `gt pldbjfqjt r lrzal} l cldj} tz xbal tbnfbhbdlqbxlcltql j` igijfqg jf |zj tj p}gazdj `l izj}qj mbg`nbdl& _l}l izdclt pj}tgflt |zj dgftbaj}lf `ljzqlfltbl, `l l`qj}flqbxl l zfl izj}qj dgfq}g`lal jt zfl jsbtqjfdbl tbf tjfqbag, limgt d}jlagt pg} r

dz`ibflfag jf `l ajp}jtbf, j` tzh}bibjfqg r `l izj}qj&_}jtql} jtpjdbl` lqjfdbf l `lt tbqzldbgfjt iabdlt, jt bipg}qlfqj, jfqgfdjt, pl}l abtdzqb} `gt qbpgtaj pldbjfqjt |zj tj jfdzjfq}lf h}jfqj l #g pl}qbdbplf jf" Dzjtqbgfjt hbfl` aj tz xbal qb`, r ijp}jgdzpl l|z dgf zf n}zpg pl}qbdz`l} aj pldbjfqjt laz`qgt, jt ajdb}, j` ijfql`ijfqj `dbag, lf jfhltj qj}ibfl`& @gt qjilt aj dgfq}g`, `l pl}qbdbpldbf, `l lnjfdbl r j` jipgaj}libjfqg tgf djfq}l`jtpl}l zf jfdzjfq}g iabdg& Zf pldbjfqj dgf zfl jfhj}ijala rl dl}jdj aj zfl dbj}ql pgqjfdbl rdgfq}g` jf tz xbal& Jf j` dltg aj zf pldbjfqj qj}ibfl`, tbf jiml}ng, `l dzjtqbf aj` dgfq}g` tjilnfbhbdl pg} `l n}lxjala aj `l tbqzldbf& _l}l tj} dl}ldqj}bulal dgig zfl jfhj}ijala qj}ibfl` claj tj}, jf `l ilrg}l aj `gt ltpjdqgt, `lfulag jf `l dlqjng}l aj `l bfzqb`bala iabdl, pl}l tj}

dg`gdlag jf zfl pgtbdbf hzj}l aj` l`dlfdj aj `l dlpldbala iabdl&Zf pldbjfqj qj}ibfl` dgf dlpldbala aj qgil aj ajdbtbgfjt pzjaj tj} izr dgftdbjfqj aj` lmbtig aj`l izj}qj, |zj tj dl}ldqj}bul pg} zfl lmtg`zql hl`ql aj dgfq}g`, zfl dgfabdbf jf t zfl jfhj}ijalaqj}ibfl` jt zfl dgfabdbf aj dgfq}g` r `l abtibfzdbf aj `l p}abal aj t ibtig& Tb mbjf `l ib}lal hbeljf jtqj xldg, j` pldbjfqj l ijfzag jtq `zdclfag pl}l dgftj}xl} `l tl`za, j` dgfq}g` r `l abnfbala,jt ajdb}, pl}l dgftj}xl} zfg ibtig& Jt }l}g |zj jtqj lmbtig bfijablqlijfqj ajtjlag, pj}g `l xbal)pzjalf l`qj}flqbxl)dgfqbfzldbf dj`jm}l} zfl hl`ql qgql` aj tbnfbhbdlag g tjfqbag, lzijfqlal pg} jag`g} r j` tzh}bibjfqg r `l bfjxbqlmb`bala aj` hbf tj lp}gsbilml& L ijabal |zj fzjtq}lt abtdztbgfjtlfqj}bg}jt aj tbnfbhbdlag r ig}b} tcg~, tbf jiml}ng, `l izj}qj pzjaj tj} zf p}gdjtg pgtbqbxg aj

q}lfthg}ildbf |zj dlimbl j` lmbtig aj `l izj}qj jf zf jsq}jig bajl`bulag l dgfq}g`l}, ilfbpz`l}, r}jl`bul}tj jf dgfabdbgfjt |zj `gt pldbjfqjt dgf jfhj}ijalajt qj}ibfl`jt tj ajtl}}g``lf pg} tibtigt&

J` dl}dqj} aj `lt ldqbxbalajt aj `gt pldbjfqjt |zj j`bnj j` tzbdbabg, j` tzbdbabg ltbtqbag g `l jzqlfltblla|zbj}j zf p}gptbqg r ab}jddbf dzlfag tlmjf dzfag r dig ``jnl} `l izj}qj& _g} `g qlfqgl`nzfgt pldbjfqjt dgf jfhj}ijalajt qj}ibfl`jt lp}gxjdcl} `l gpg}qzfbala pl}l al} hg}il l` hbfl` ajtz xbal ijablfqj `l d}jldbf aj zfl izj}qj tbnfbhbdlqbxl, `l |zj jfdl}fl zf bajl` |zj tj }jl`bul lq}lxt aj dg}lej r abtdbp`bfl&


9/13

_l}l l`nzfgt pldbjfqjt, `gt ldqgt aj tzbdbabg, j` tzbdbabg ltbtqbag g `l jzqlfltbl |zj j` p}gdjtg ajig}b} jf zfl pl}qj xbql` aj tzt cbtqg}blt aj xbal& J` p}gdjtg dgftqbqzrj, pzjt, zfl j`jddbf dgfq}g`lalr ldqbxbala |zj lrzaj dgip`jqg aj xbal jf tzt p}gpbgt q}ibfgt&

Dz`qbxl} zf pj}tgflej |zj tj leztql hbfjt ajtjlm`jt dgf `gt ijabgt abtpgfbm`jt r, l` ibtig qbjipg`l dgfxgdlqg}bl aj `l hg}ql`jul fjdjtl}bl pl}l dzip`b} dgf `lt ijqlt jf `l xbal ``jnlfag l tz hbfp}gpbg lm}jf `l pgtbmb`bala pl}l zfl n}lf xl}bjala aj tlqbthlddbf jf `lt dgtlt dgqbablflt aj `l xbal&

_ldbjfqjt dgf jfhj}ijalajt qj}ibfl`jt |zj tgf dlpldjt aj hbel} tz ib}lal jf `lt ldqbxbalajtabl}blt r j` dgfqldqg pj}tgfl` dgf xl`jfql ibjfq}lt tj ldjpql, tbf jiml}ng, ib}lfag it l``, tzdgfabdbf qj}ibfl` l jfdgfq}l} zf tjfqbag l `l xbal az}lfqj j` p}gdjtg aj ig}b}& Tbf jiml}ng, dzlfag`l ilrg}l aj qgagt `gt ijabgt r dlpldbalajt jtqf lngqlagt pg} `l jfhj}ijala g q}lzil tjxj}gt rjsq}jigt abl}bgt tj ajtxlfjdjf aj `l xbtql, pgdlt pgtbmb`balajt aj tbnfbhbdlag |zjal& _l}l `gtpldbjfqjt jf jtqlt dgfabdbgfjt, jfqgfdjt, `l gpdbf , pl}l ig}b} r `l dlpldbala aj dgfq}g`l} jp}gdjtg aj `l izj}qj pzjaj dgfxj}qb}tj jf zf `qbig ldqg aj tbnfbhbdldbf, zfl hg}il aj ldlml} dgftzt cbtqg}blt jf q}ibfgt pj}tgfl`jt& _zjaj tj} |zj |zbj}jf tj} p}gn}jtbtqlt jf tz izj}qjq}lfthg}il} j` lmbtig aj `l izj}qj pg} al} tjfqbag l` hbfl` aj tzt xbalt&

_l}l jtqgt pldbjfqjt tj p}jtjfqlf xl}blt gpdbgfjt)tzbdbabg, j` tzbdbabg ltbtqbag g `l jzqlfltbl, tbfjiml}ng, jt h}jdzjfqj |zj `gt ijabgt aj jej}dbqldbf, jtqlt gpdbgfjt fg jtq abtpgfbm`j& Jtqgdgfazdj l `l fjdjtbala aj gq}gt l pl}qbdbpl} jf j` ldqg aj ig}b}&

_G] \Z ) R DIG _GAJIGT LRZAL] L @GT IG]BMZFAGT7

Zf abdcg dgif jt |zj ig}bigt tg`gt& Tbf jiml}ng, jf xl}bgt ltpjdqgt bipg}qlfqjt pl}l izdcltpj}tgflt, flal #g, l` ijfgt, ajmj}l" jtql} it `jegt aj `l xj}ala& @l izj}qj aj zf tj} |zj}baglhjdql l gq}gt jf zfl xl}bjala aj ilfj}lt& Dbj}qlijfqj, jf zf jsq}jig aj` jtpjdq}g tj jtqfiz}bjfag pj}tgflt dgf pgdgt g fbfnf xfdz`g dgf gq}gt bfabxbazgt jf `l tgdbjala, tbfg bfd`ztg tztizj}qjt lhjdqlf l `gt q}lmlelag}jt aj` ngmbj}fg, pj}tgfl` aj cgtpbql`jt, dgfgdbagt& _j|zjlt gfalt

aj zfl pbja}l pj|zjl, ql` xju, pj}g dzl`|zbj} gfal lhjdql l `lt lnzlt db}dzfalfqjt&

Jf j` gq}g jsq}jig aj` jtpjdq}g jtqf `lt izj}qjt aj bfabxbazgt mbjf dgfjdqlagt |zj clf dgfq}bmzbagfg t`g l tz d}dz`g bfijablqg aj libngt r hlib`bl}jt, pj}g it l``& L`nzfgt abdjf, pg} jejip`g, |zjdzlfag Egcf H& Kjffjar iz}b zfl pl}qj aj `gt Jtqlagt Zfbagt iz}b dgf `& @lt izj}qjt ajbfabxbazgt p}gibfjfqjt ldqlf aj jtql ilfj}l dgig gfalt jf `znl} aj gfalt& It dgif, tbfjiml}ng, tgf `lt izj}qjt aj `lt pj}tgflt p}gijabg |zj qbjfjf mzjfgt libngt r tj }j`ldbgflf izrmbjf dgf tzt hlib`blt, tzt izj}qjt d}jl} lnzej}gt jf j` jtpldbg dgizfl` |zj lfqjt gdzplml&

Tbf jiml}ng, `g it q}nbdg, ij pl}jdj l i, tgf `gt -dgfjdqlagt- `lt pj}tgflt |zj tbnzjf

iz}bjfag tg`lt& Jtqgr pjftlfag tgm}j qgag jf l|zj``lt tbqzldbgfjt jf `lt |zj zf bfabxbazgig}bmzfag pbaj lrzal l tzt hlib`bl}jt, libngt g iabdgt jf zf p}gdjtg aj `l izj}qj aj` pldbjfqj,t`g pl}l tj} bnfg}lag r fjnlag jtqg `qbig ajtjg& Zf bfabxbazg jfhj}ig qj}ibfl` ``jnl l zf tj}|zj}bag g zf p}ghjtbgfl` aj `l ijabdbfl pl}l `l lrzal, tg`bdbqlfag |zj jtql xbal tj }jl`bdjf ajilfj}l tbnfbhbdlqbxl pj}tgfl`ijfqj, jf `znl} aj }jtpzjtql qb l `gt gq}gt nb}gt aj abtqlfdblltztqlag g dgfhzfabag pg} tgm}j g tbip`jijfqj lsbg`nbdlijfqj dgfq}l `l ajd`l}ldbf ajdz`plmb`bala&

Aj gq}l hg}il, tb fgtgq}gt, `gt aj lhzj}l fg lrzaligt l zf pldbjfqj dgipjqjfqj l ig}b}bffjdjtl}blijfqj ajel} |zj j` p}ebig tg`g jf zf igijfqg jf |zj fzjtq}g lpgrg jt izr


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bipg}qlfqj& It d}qbdlijfqj, tb `l tbnfbhbdldbf aj `l xbal p}gxbjfj aj` ajtl}}g``g aj `gt bajl`jt r `lpgtbmb`bala aj tz }jl`buldbf, dzlfag fgt l`jeligt, dgfajfligt j` ajtjg aj` pldbjfqj aj zfl-fgm`j- g, l` ijfgt, -dgfq}g`lal- izj}qj pl}l pgfj} hbf l `l xbal h}jfqj l zfl hl`ql qgql` ajtbnfbhbdldbf, jf l`jelibjfqg |zj izqb`j `l dlpldbala aj` pldbjfqj pl}l l`dlful} tzt bajl`jt hbfl`jt&

Tb `l abnfbala czilfl qbjfj zf tjfqbag, tj q}lql aj `l pl}qbdbpldbf pj}tgfl` r j` ajtl}}g``g bfqj`bnjfqjaj `l p}gpbl xbal aj ilfj}l }jtpgftlm`j j` jtqlm`jdbibjfqg aj ijqlt r j` dzip`bibjfqg l q}lxt aj

ijabgt lp}gpblagt l abtpgtbdbf aj zfg& @l Xbal tbnfbhbdlqbxl l` ig}b} t`g pzjaj xjfb} l q}lxt aj}jdgfgdbibjfqg r aj ldqzl} aj ql` ilfj}l |zj q}lqligt l `gt ig}bmzfagt dgig lnjfqjt jf `l xbal r`gt cldjigt pl}qbdbplfqjt jf `l dgizfbala dgf j` lig} r j` lpgrg aj `l dgizfbala& L|zj``gt |zjalf `l jtpl`al l `gt n}bqgt aj `gt ig}bmzfagt cldj}`g l jspjftlt aj hg}il pgtbqbxl lrzalfag lhg}il} j` tjfqbag aj `l hltj hbfl` aj jtl pj}tgfl aj `l xbal&

_g} `g ijfgt agt pgtbm`jt gmejdbgfjt l ib pgtqz}l tz}njf bfijablqlijfqj& Jf zfg aj `gt gmejdbfaj |zj j` hbfl` aj `l xbal l q}lxt aj `l ilfbpz`ldbf czilfl jtq il`, bfajpjfabjfqjijfqj aj `gtajtjgt aj` ig}bmzfag& Jtql jt zfl pgtbdbf jsp`dbqlijfqj lagpqlal pg} zfl xl}bjala ajbftqbqzdbgfjt }j`bnbgtlt jf `l q}labdbf ezajg)d}btqblfl, dgig `l Bn`jtbl Dlq`bdl ]gilfl r gq}gt& Jtql

gmejdbf l `l jzqlfltbl tj mltl jf `l bajl aj |zj `l xbal czilfl, bfajpjfabjfqjijfqj aj tzdl`bala, jt zf mbjf bfdzjtqbgflm`j |zj fg pzjaj cldj}tj aj }gnl}, p}jtqlal, g }gmlal, rl |zj tzxl`g} q}ltdbjfaj `l ij}l jsbtqjfdbl czilfl jf `l qbj}}l& #R j` ig" aj Elijt dzjfql aj `ltbnfbhbdldbf jf `l xbal, tbf jiml}ng, jt |zj fg jtqf ab}jdqlijfqj lhjdqlagt pg} jtql tbqzldbf, rl|zj jtq dgip}gijqbag dgf `gt qjilt aj -jspj}bjfdbl xbxbal- r fg dzjtqbgfjt |zj q}ltdbjfajf #lijfgt |zj jtlt dzjtqbgfjt q}ltdjfajfqjt tj pzjaj ajigtq}l} |zj lhjdqlf pgtbqbxlijfqjjspj}bjfdbl xbxbal"& Tz abtdztbf tj aj}bxl ab}jdqlijfqj aj `l dzjtqbf aj dig pgajigt xbxb} zflxbal ijeg} jf fzjtq}l jspj}bjfdbl& _j}g jtqj fg jt j` `znl} pl}l j` ajmlqj qjg`nbdg, r xgr l qjfj}|zj pltl} pg} jfdbil aj gq}gt dgijfql}bgt tgm}j jtql abhj}jfdbl jf `l bajg`gnl tgm}j `l flqz}l`julczilfl&

@l tjnzfal gmejdbf, tbf jiml}ng, fg xl qlf `jegt dgig `l p}bij}l, pj}g pzjaj tj} it h}jdzjfqjjf `l tgdbjala& _l}l l`nzfgt pzjaj tj} ldjpqlm`j pl}l `lt pj}tgflt }jh`jsbxlt, dgf jfhj}ijalajtqj}ibfl`jt l |zbql}tj `l xbal, `lt p}gcbmbdbgfjt ig}l`jt tz}njf dzlfag `gt ajit tj `jt pbaj pl}llrzal} jf `l }jl`buldbf aj jtqj ajtjg& Jtql gmejdbf tj b`ztq}l, pg} jejip`g, jspj}qg jf qbdl AlfbjDl``lclf jf tz jftlrg qbqz`lag -Lzqgajqj}ibfldbf ]zf Ligk&- J` jtpldbg fg pj}ibqj }jhzql} jf tzqgql`bala, pj}g xgr l jtmgul} zfl }jtpzjtql jf m}jxj lfqjt aj dgfd`zb} jtql tjddbf&

@l dzjtqbf djfq}l` aj Dl``lclf tgm}j j` tzbdbabg ltbtqbag r `l jzqlfltbl jt, -Dig xligt l cldj} j`dlimbg ig}l` aj ib aj}jdcg l `l `bm}j ajqj}ibfldbf aj l`nf iabdg [z gq}g bfabxbazgY aj}jdcg l

ilql}ij l i ibtig, ajtaj ib aj}jdcg l `l xj}ala7- J` hgdg aj Dl``lclf jt tgm}j j` p}gm`jil ajpltl} aj zf aj}jdcg pj}tgfl` l ig}b} aj ldzj}ag l `gt ajtjgt aj pj}ibqb} |zj zf iabdg g dzl`|zbj}gq}l pj}tgfl l qgil} `l xbal aj zf pldbjfqj |zj `g tg`bdbqj& Dgig ` ibtig jsp`bdl, -`l jzqlfltblxg`zfql}bl& & & t`g pzjaj tj} ``lilag -ltjtbflqg dgf dgftjfqbibjfqg aj` laz`qg&-

_g} jtqj q}ibfg ij }jhbj}g l `l izj}qj aj zfl pj}tgfl pg} gq}l jf fgim}j aj tz aj}jdcg izqzg ltj} ltjtbfg r ltjtbflag tb tj ldzj}alf `bm}jijfqj l eznl} jtgt }g`jt& Lzf|zj `l xbtbf aj Dl``lclfpl}jdj jsq}llijfqj jsp}jt |zj tj ajtp`lulf ajtaj ib aj}jdcg l ig}b} dgf j` aj}jdcg aj gq}g lilql}ij qgig `l pgtbdbf aj tj} |zj fzfdl jt ig}l`ijfqj ldjpqlm`j pl}l zfl pj}tgfl pl}l lrzal}l ig}b} l zf pldbjfqj, lzf dzlfag jtj ajtjg tj jsp}jtl r laezabdlagt&


11/13

Jtq d`l}g |zj fbfnzfl pj}tgfl jf pl}qbdz`l} pzjaj fjnl}tj l lrzal}, pj}g ajmj tj} pj}ibqbag pl}ll`nzbjf, dzl`|zbj}l, pl}l ldjpql} `l }jtpgftlmb`bala7

_ldbjfqjt dgf jfhj}ijalajt qj}ibfl`jt tj jfdzjfq}lf l ijfzag jf tbqzldbgfjt izrdgip}gijqbalt |zj ajilfalf `l lrzal aj `gt ajit& @l dzjtqbf l|z fg jt zfg aj `gt -aj}jdcgt-dgig `g ajtd}bmj Dl``lclf, pj}g jf tz `znl}, \z ajmjigt cldj} dzlfag zf pldbjfqj ig}bmzfagpbaj fzjtq}l lrzal7 Tgm}j qgag jf `gt dltgt aj tzbdbabg ltbtqbag r `l jzqlfltbl, gq}gt jtqf bfxbqlagt

l pl}qbdbpl} jf `l gmqjfdbf aj `gt ijabgt l `gt hbfjt ajtjlagt aj` pldbjfqj rl |zj j` pldbjfqj jtbfdlplu aj ``jxl} l dlmg `l ql}jl tg`g& _g} tzpzjtqg, jtqlt tg`bdbqzajt pzjajf tj} tbip`jijfqjbnfg}lalt, tbf jiml}ng, |zj fb cldj ajtlpl}jdj} `lt tg`bdbqzajt fb ajtdl}ql `l dgip`bdbala aj `gtajit, pg}|zj `gt ajtjgt jsp}jtlagt pg} j` pldbjfqj lcg}l jsbtqjf ajfq}g aj zfl tbqzldbf |zjgm`bnl l `gt ajit l ezunl} jtqlt lhb}ildbgfjt, tgm}j r dgfq}l gq}g dgfd}jqg aj}jdcgt rgm`bnldbgfjt& Egcf Aj~jr ajtd}bmj jtql tbqzldbf mltqlfqj mbjf5

L`nzfl ldqbxbala p}gdjaj aj zf cgim}j, jfqgfdjt j``l tj jtqlm`jdj }jlddbgfjt jf `gt l`}jajag}jtGq}gt lp}gml}, }jdclul}, p}gqjtql}, lfbil}, dgipl}qb} r }jtbtqb}& Bfd`ztg ajelfag l zf cgim}j tg`g jtzfl }jtpzjtql ajhbfbqbxl& @l jfxbabl, laib}ldbf j bibqldbf tgf dgip`bdbalajt& @l fjzq}l`bala fg

jsbtqj& @l dgfazdql tbjip}j jt dgipl}qbal& &&& Fg jt zfl qbdl -ajmj} tj}- |zj `l dgfazdql ajmj tj}tgdbl`& Jt tgdbl`, rl tjl mzjfg g il`g& Dgig Elijt cl abdcg qlimbf5 -j` ajmj} jt zfl gm`bnldbftbjip}j |zj clrl zfl ajilfal& & & & Dlal }jd`lildbf aj hldqg d}jl jf `l ijabal jf laj`lfqj `lgm`bnldbf aj -tj} dgftqbqzqbxl aj zf aj}jdcg pj}tgfl` jt zfl tg`bdbqza dg}}jtpgfabjfqj |zj jtqllhb}ildbf tj dzip`j jf j` dgfqjsqg tgdbl` jf j` |zj tz}nj; Tbip`jijfqj, jtqg bip`bdl l `gt gq}gt&

_g} tzpzjtqg, jt bipg}qlfqj al}tj dzjfql aj |zj fg jtqgr l|z ztlfag j` q}ibfg -gm`bnldbf- pl}lbfabdl} j` }jtz`qlag aj `l laezabdldbf aj `lt }jd`lildbgfjt& Jt ajdb}, rg fg jtqgr abdbjfag |zjtbip`jijfqj pg}|zj rg pja zf dgdcj r ztqja qbjfj zfg, ztqja ajmj}l a}ij`g l i& J` }jtz`qlag aj`l bfxjtqbnldbf ig}l` aj Aj~jr jt -qbdl- ajmj} -,- |zj jt it p}ghzfag r it }bdg |zj j` ztg aj

Elijt aj` q}ibfg -gm`bnldbf-& -qbdlt aj` ajmj} tj}- aj Aj~jr }jtz`qlagt t`g aj` p}gdjtg aj}jh`jsbf aj pjtg ajilfalt jf dgipjqjfdbl pg} `l ig}l` l}qbtql dgig dzlfag ql` jslijf tj djfq}ljf ib ajtjg aj zf lzqgixb` h}jfqj l tz ajtjg aj ilfqjfj} tz abfj}g g j` dgdcj& @g |zj Tlfqblngjtq abdbjfag, tbf jiml}ng, jt |zj zf qbpg izdcg it mtbdg aj `l gm`bnldbf pjtl tgm}j fgtgq}gtdgf `l ilfbhjtqldbf aj dlal fzjxg }jd`lig&

Dlal }jd`lildbf jsp}jtlal jsbnj |zj }jdgfgdj} r }jlddbgfl} l j``l& Jtqg fg jt zfl bftbtqjfdbl |zjtz}nj aj zf aj}jdcg, tbfg |zj jt, it mbjf, zfl pl}qj dgftqbqzqbxl aj `gt bfqj}jtjt aj `ldgizfbdldbf& Dzlfag zfl pj}tgfl }jl`, ql` xju zfl izej} izj}j aj jfhj}ijala ajmb`bqlfqj jb}}jxj}tbm`j, q}lql aj al} tjfqbag l tz xbal l q}lxt aj `l pl}qbdbpldbf ldqbxl jf tz p}gpbl izj}qj

gq}gt tgf aj hldqg bip`bdlagt, jtqg jt, p}bil hldbj gm`bnlag& Fg tbjip}j jt hdb` ezunl} jtqltlhb}ildbgfjt& Q}lmleg dgig jtql }j|zbj}j bfqj bnjfdbl xl`bjfqj, l}qtqbdl pj}tjnzbal& @l p}jnzfql jfjtqj pzfqg jt5 Dig xgr l jxl`zl} `l gm`bnldbf p`lfqjlal pg} jtqj ajtjg aj ig}b} l `l `zu aj gq}ltgm`bnldbgfjt jsbtqjfqjt7 Jf `l ijabal jf |zj fg clr }lugfjt bipj}bgtlt gm`bnldbgfjt q}bzfhg jtqjzfg, xgr l jfdgfq}l}ij l i ibtig -qbdlijfqj- dj}}lal jf j` tjfqbag it p}ghzfag aj` q}ibfg&

Izr l abhj}jfdbl aj `lt bip`bdldbgfjt aj Dl``lclf, fg clr flal inbdg jf zf igxbibjfqg ajaj}jdcgt aj lazlfl, aj `l p}gpbl p}jqjftbf aj gq}l gm`bnldbf& Jtql dgfjsbf jfq}j `gt aj}jdcgt rgm`bnldbgfjt jt tbip`jijfqj pl}qj aj `l bfqj}lddbf tgdbl` dzlfag `lt pj}tgflt jsp}jtlf tztajtjgt pl}l r dgf `gt ajit&


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Jtqg jt dbj}qlijfqj fg ijfgt dbj}qg jf j` dlipg iabdg jf `l dlmjdj}l aj zf jfhj}ig qj}ibfl`& Jjtpldbg fg pj}ibqj fb j` l}nzijfqg aj `l ldqzl`bala }j|zbj}j zfl dgftbaj}ldbf aj `lt izdclt gq}ltdzjtqbgfjt |zj pga}lf q}lql}tj jf jtql ilqj}bl, ql`jt dgig j` plpj` aj `gt iabdgt r jjtqlm`jdbibjfqg iabdg jf lrzal} l` p}gdjtg aj ig}b}&

Tbf jiml}ng, alal `l qjdfg`gnl ldqzl`, alag j` cg}}bm`j tzh}bibjfqg, alal `l hl`ql aj dlpldbalahtbdl jf jtqj pldbjfqj, alag zf ablnftqbdg -qj}ibfl`-, qjfbjfag jf dzjfql `l xgu aj jtqj pldbjfqj

p}jnzfqlfag l ig}b}, |z xligt l cldj}7 Jtqligt, pl}jdj d`l}g, pl}l jxl`zl} tz }jd`lig ajilfj}l }lugflm`j r jf j` dgip`jeg aj tz tbqzldbf pj}tgfl`, iabdl r fzjtq}lt gm`bnldbgfjt p}gpbg}jn`lijfqg& R qjfbjfag jf dzjfql `l n}lf dlfqbala aj tbqzldbgfjt abhj}jfqjt aj pldbjfqjt, |zj fgtj} aj jsq}ll} |zj fg jtqjigt t`g l` p}bfdbpbg, tbfg }jh`jsbxl, jt ajdb}, -qbdl-, `l gm`bnldbf ajlrzal} l l`nzfgt pldbjfqjt jf pl}qbdz`l} dgf jfhj}ijalajt qj}ibfl`jt ig}b}&

@lt gpdbgfjt |zj tj jfdzjfq}lf jf `gt p}gdjtgt aj l|zj``gt |zj izj}jf tj mltlf, tbf azal, jftgim}lt gpdbgfjt, r pzjajf xjfb} l q}lql} aj gh}jdj} l `gt jfhj}igt qj}ibfl`jt `g |zj Il}nl}jqMlqqbf ``lil -`l izj}qj tj}l l` ijfgt, `g ijfgt pjg}&- Rg, tbf jiml}ng, cj q}lqlag aj pgfj} zfilrg} nb}g pgtbqbxg jf `lt bfqj}lddbgfjt czilflt tgm}j `gt qjilt aj `l izj}qj r j` ig}b}& Rg d}jg

|zj `lt gdltbgfjt }jl`jt tz}njf aj ajdbtbgfjt fg t`g jt pgtbm`j tbfg ig}l`ijfqj jsbnjfqj `lajdbtbf aj lrzal} l `gt ig}bmzfagt jf tzt p}gpbgt q}ibfgt, dzlfag tzt ajtjgt tgf-bfqj`bnjfqjijfqj dgfdjmbagt- r jf dgfezfdbf dgf ijabgt lajdzlagt l fzjtq}l abtpgtbdbf& Jtqllrzal gh}jdj `l gpg}qzfbala d`lxj aj zfl izj}qj)ig}b} tbnfbhbdlqbxlijfqj& Jxbql} jtql }jl`buldbf rcldj} dltg gibtg aj `lt tp`bdlt aj `gt ig}bmzfagt, pzjaj tj} zf cjdcg ig}l`ijfqj q}nbdg&

DGFD@ZTBF

Dgig tj}jt czilfgt, fgtgq}gt ig}b}jigt, `l p}jnzfql jt |zj j` dig ig}b} lf fg tj clajqj}ibflag pl}l dlal zfg aj fgtgq}gt& Jtg fgt nztql}l qjfj} l`nf dgfq}g` tgm}j j` p}gdjtg aj `lizj}qj, jfqgfdjt, fg jt fb bfztzl` fb bflp}gpblag& Ajtjlfag xbxb} zfl xbal dgf tjfqbag, nzblag pg} `l

ldqbxbala bfqj`bnjfqj, zfl xbal |zj bfd`zrj j` p}gdjtg aj ig}b} jt dgip}jftbm`j r `glm`j& _l}ll`nzfgt pldbjfqjt dgf jfhj}ijalajt qj}ibfl`jt, `l abnfbala czilfl r `l xbal tbnfbhbdlqbxl fg pzjajdgfqbfzl} dzlfag j` dzj}pg tj dgfxbj}qj jf t`g zf lpl}lqg mbg`nbdg |zj pzjaj, l q}lxt ajijabalt ijdfbdlt, ilfqjfj}tj dgf xbal& _l}l j``gt j` tjfqbag aj `l xbal p}gxbjfj aj `l ldqbxbala aj`lt xb}qzajt aj `l hztbf dgf `gt bajl`jt, j` leztqj aj ijabgt r hbfjt jfq}j t dgf j` hbf aj bfh`zb} jf j}jtz`qlag aj tzt pl}qbdbpldbgfjt jf j` izfag&

Ajfq}g aj zfl xbal dgftbtqjfqjijfqj tbnfbhbdlqbxl, `gt p}gm`jilt }j`lqbxgt l `l izj}qj }l}l xju tjp}jtjfqlf& L` hbfl` aj `l tbnfbhbdldbf jt j` lmbtig h}jfqj l` jfhj}ig qj}ibfl`7 @j dg}}jtpgfaj lpldbjfqj, jfqgfdjt, tb j` p}gn}jtg cldbl `l izj}qj g pl}l }jtbtqb}`g& J` l}nzijfqg aj jtqj dlpqz`g

q}lql aj ajel} d`l}g |zj fg clr }lugfjt `jnqbilt, l p}bg}b, jsbtqjf pl}l dgfajfl} qgagt `gt ldqgt ajjzqlfltbl r j` tzbdbabg ltbtqbag&

Jf tbqzldbgfjt izr }jl`jt, ag`g}gtlt, q}nbdlt, j bfd`ztg dgig ldqgt aj lig}, `gt |zj tbip`jijfqjgmtj}xlf ibjfq}lt gq}gt |zj tzh}jf tg`bdbqlf j` |zj}j} ig}b} `g cldjf l zf n}lf dgtqg pl}l j``gtpl}l fgtgq}gt ibtigt r pl}l `l tgdbjala& D}jg |zj `l }jh`jsbf l q}lxt aj zf ajtjg njfzbfg,tbfdj}g r p}ghzfag jfdgfq}l}jigt |zj jsbtqj zfl eztqbhbdldbf ig}l` l jtqgt ldqgt, r |zj l q}lxt ajj``gt, fgt lrzal} l al} tjfqbag l `gt igijfqgt aj zfl pj}tgfl ig}bmzfal }jdzj}al tz xbalpltlal&


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Jej}dbdbg

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GUÍA DILEMAS AL FINAL DE LA VIDA Y LA MIRADA BIOÉTICA