Hadid muerte padre.pdf

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MUHAMMAD HADID was an eminent Iraqi politician and industrialist whose

career began in 1931 and ended with the destruction of party politics by the

Baath dictatorship in the 1960s.

He was also controversial - accused by some of compromising his socialist ideals

after the downfall of the monarchy in July 1958, defended by others as a

pragmatist who could accept that Iraq's quest for a liberal democracy must

involve sacrifices to the grim realities of Iraqi public life. While people argued

over his attempts to square the desirable with the possible, all agreed that he

was an intelligent, lively and cultivated man who throughout his life aimed to

serve his countrymen.

Born in 1907 (officially 1906), Hadid belonged to a wealthy family whoseimportance pre-dated the First World War when the region - then called

Mesopotamia - was part of the Ottoman Empire and had yet to be established in

1921 as a Hashemite kingdom under British mandate. Based in the northern city

of Mosul, his forefathers traded with Syria and Turkey before investing in

industry and real estate. His mother belonged to the Al- Dabbagh who ranked

for generations among the leaders of Mosulite society. His wife was the grand-

daughter of the enormously rich Muhammad Pasha Sabunji. Hadid himself,

however, was known less for his wealth than for the frugality for which Mosul's

merchants are renowned.

Hadid was educated locally and then at the preparatory school (now the

International College) attached to the American University of Beirut. In 1928, he

travelled to England and studied at the London School of Economics where,

guided by Harold Laski he acquired a life-long admiration for Sidney Webb,

Hugh Dalton, Maynard Keynes and all those other economists and socialists

whose Fabian ideas excited not only Europeans disoriented by the First World War, but also Middle Easterners eager to raise a new social order from the

wreckage of the Ottoman Empire.

In 1931, Hadid returned to Baghdad and joined the Ministry of Finance. More

importantly, he became a founding member of the politically progressive Ahali

group which embraced the ideals of Britain's Labour Party and attracted other

leading personalities such as Abd al-Fattah-Ibrahim, Jafar Abu-t- Timman,

Kamel Chadirchi and Hikmat Sulaiman - some of them authentic idealists,

others disgruntled opportunists, but almost all of them people who, given a

chance, might have made Iraq a better place.

Instead, their ideas alarmed the palace and British officials who quietly blocked

general Bakr Sidqi. Though the coup succeeded and several colleagues gained

ministries in the new government, disillusion came when Sidqi began seekingdictatorial power at the expense of their own plans for public welfare and

reform.

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Obituary: Muhammad Hadid

ALAN RUSH FRIDAY 06 AUGUST 1999

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Página 1 de 8Obituary: Muhammad Hadid - Arts and Entertainment - The Independent

09/07/2015http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-muhammad-hadid-1110896.html


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some say, for a secret meeting with Hitler - was shot dead at Mosul Airport. In

these adventures Hadid was involved as an Ahali member and yet more so

following his election as deputy for Mosul.

After lying low during the Second World War, he returned to public life in 1946

when he became Vice- President of the National Democratic Party. As successors

to the social democratic wing of the Ahali group, its members championed

agrarian reform, workers' rights and state control of Iraq's nascent oil industry.

Notwithstanding, Hadid and most of his colleagues firmly rejected Communist

ideas, insisting that the evils of capitalism should be fought, but not capitalism

itself.

In November 1946, in exchange for promises of free elections, Hadid agreed to

serve as Minister of Supplies in a transitional coalition government led by his

bete noire - that most cunning and ubiquitous of Iraqi politicians, Nuri Said.

Soon afterwards, faced with evidence of electoral interference, he resigned in

protest. Clearly he and his fellow National Democrats had fallen victim to a

typically Nuri-esque ruse designed to exploit and divide the opposition parties.

While representing Mosul in the Chamber of Deputies, Hadid extended his

commercial interests and became a leading member of the Council of the

Federation of Iraqi Industries. During business visits to the United Kingdom he

supplied the press with calls for genuine parliamentary democracy in Iraq where

British influence was still immense. Also, he opposed Iraqi participation in the

pro-Western defence organisation known as the Baghdad Pact.

In 1956, when Britain joined France and Israel in attacking Suez, he

spearheaded the Front of National Union through which Iraq's political parties

united in demanding "the combating of imperialist encroachments". Hadid

never opposed the institution of monarchy per se and he was appalled by the

massacre of the Hashemite royal family in July 1958. Nevertheless he was

disappointed by the family's tendency to exceed the powers laid down for it in

the Constitution: and by the 1950s he was certainly pleased to witness Iraq's

emergence as a republic. Only later, under Baathist rule, did he admit that most

Iraqis, including himself, enjoyed greater freedom under the monarchy than in

any period after its destruction.

Though he took no part in the coup d'etat of July 1958, he assisted the Free

Officers by meeting the Egyptian president, Gamal Abdel Nasser, in Cairo in

order to ascertain his position regarding their plans. Nor was he surprised when

he was appointed Minister of Finance in the government formed by the leadingrebel, Brigadier Abd al-Karim Qasim, who now styled himself Prime Minister

and Minister of Defence.

Encouraged by the Oriental Counsellor at the British Embassy, Sam Falle, Hadid

helped to ensure that, with only three exceptions, none of the friends and

members of the ancien regime who were condemned to death in the

revolutionary courts was executed. In this way he used his prestige and civilian

status to give Qasim's fledgling government a veneer of moderation that greatly

encouraged international recognition.

As Minister of Finance, Hadid used credit loans from the Soviet Union and

Eastern Europe to foster industry and pay for ambitious schemes to alleviate the

suffering of the Iraqi masses. But he also protected the interests of landed

proprietors and industrialists. Despite the fact that he himself benefited from

these measures, even his later critic, the National Democrats' esteemed leader

Kamil Chadirchi, declared that "as far as it is possible for a big capitalist to beclean and idealist, Hadid is clean and idealist".

Although Hadid was gravely embarrassed by Qasim's eccentricities and

dictatorial rule, he stood firm when, in 1960, Chadirchi insisted that the

National Democratic Party must abandon him. Arguing that democracy needs

time to emerge, that there was still no acceptable alternative to Qasim and that

his overthrow would deliver Iraq into the hands of Baathist or Communist

extremists, Hadid broke ranks with Chadirchi and, in June 1960, formed his

own National Progressive Party which was intended to restrain Qasim through

what he called "constructive criticism". In later years this would be remembered

as the most regrettable act of his career since it split and gravely weakened the

democratic movement.

power struggle between Iraqi Communists and nationalists. In Mosul, in 1962,

professional assassins would happily eliminate any suspected Communist for as

little as 10 dinars (pounds 10). In July, after further appeals for Qasim to restore

order and institute an elected government, Hadid finally admitted defeat and

abandoned politics. But he was still considered a supporter of Qasim, a fact that

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in February 1963.

Interned, put on trial and deprived of his assets, Hadid waited several years

before he was fully rehabilitated. Thereafter he confined himself to business

ventures and the administration of the Vegetable Oil Extraction Company, of

which he was chairman and part-owner.

Hadid loved his country and never wanted to reside elsewhere. But ill health and

inadequate medical services resulting from United Nations sanctions forced him

to spend his final years in England, the present home of his children, one of whom is the renowned architect Zaha Hadid.

Despite positive feelings for England dating back to his student days. Hadid

regarded British distrust of Iraq's intelligentsia as probably the earliest main

source of Iraq's present dilemmas. But he criticised his fellow Iraqis too. Besides

pointing to corruption in the army, he deplored the extent to which religious and

racial prejudice have so often divided Iraq's Sunni Arabs from Shias of Persian

origin, and both those groups from other ethnic communities such as the Kurds.

Questioned about Iraq's future, his reply was always the same - "I see no

substantial change for the next 30 years."

Muhammad Hadid, politician, economist and industrialist: born Mosul, Iraq 28

October 1907; married 1933 Wajiha Sabunji (died 1983; two sons, one

daughter); died Maidenhead, Berkshire 3 August 1999.

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Hadid muerte padre.pdf