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10

significant role of Islam in the Arab community by enhancing democracy and participation in political life.

• Emphasize the wide difference between the Arab-Islamic and western approach to the controversy of religion and state (politics).

• Called upon Arab governments to integrate all political Islam movements in the political system including the free democratic elections.

9

the world and does religion follow politics or is it the other way round?

Participants argued to isolate religion from the state is a deviation of the real meaning of Islam which aims at reformulating society and life. They also expect that the role of Islamic parties will increased especially in the shadow of the Hamas victory in the 2006 Palestinian election. They said "Political Islam" is a stream which uses politics to protect society and nation, clarifying the approach of Islamic movements and showing the state in Islam as a civil state with legislative referencing to deal with the issues of the time.

The symposium recommended the following:

• Foregoing the eradication and elimination or isolation of others.

• Establishing dialogue among different parties by giving scientists and intellectuals the chance to play their positive role in change and reform. In addition to the importance of strengthening dialogue among Islamic parties in favor of the Arab world.

• Enhancing religion to be one of the most important elements of the rule in Islam while urging the state to stop its intervention in religious affairs as the case of education curriculum. The state must recognize the

8

The symposium distinguished between two approaches: Secularist and Islamic with each having its own visions and differences. Secularism in the West has its own conditions coming as a reaction of the intervention of the church in every aspect of life, but the Arab World was never exposed to similar conditions.

Participants discussed the phenomenon of "eradication and elimination" which appeared in the literature of a number of political parties across the Arab World-when a party reaches power it invariably don't share power with others. These are also secularists. Participants also indicated it is dangerous to isolate the Islamic opposition in the Arab World, because it would deepen division and instability. Arab governments also intervene in the religious curriculum, in Fatwas, Friday sermons and exploit religion for their own political programs.

Some political parties are also worried about the fact some Islamic parties may reach power, afraid it may create changes and install a vision of Islam which might dominate all aspects of life and affect their freedom, plurality and democracy.

Participants emphasized the significance of giving enough explanations regarding "religion" and which religion are we talking about? Is it Islamic or all other religions over

7

Abstract

RELIGION And POLITICS in the Arab World

This symposium was held in the Middle East Studies Center, 23 September 2006, raising questions on the nature of relations between religion and politics in the Arab and Islamic worlds. It sheds light on the separation of religion from state. Secularists worry about the increasing influence of Islamic movements in the Arab world, and the implication this has for religion and politics especially after the 11 September 2001 events.

Participants* indicated the background to the controversy was highlighted in the conflict between authority and rule in Arab societies where the relation between religion and state is not only social, economic, or political but of a security nature.

* Participants: Dr. Ahmad Al Bursan Head of Strategic Studies - Hussein Bin Talal University, Mr. Zaki Bin Irsheed Secretary-General of the Islamic Action Front, Amer Al Hafi, Professor of Religons - Al Al Bayt University, Dr. Ghazi Rababa'a Professor of Politic Science - University of Jordan, Dr. Ghasan Abed Al Khaleq, Professor of Social Science – Philadelphia University, Dr. Mahmoud Al Rashdan, Professor of Education – Al-Zarqa Private University, Mr. Jawad Al-Hamad Director of the Middle East Studies Center.

Contents

Subject Page

Preface 7 Introduction 11

Section I: The controversial disputes on religion and politics; the fears of the Islamic governance 16

- The controversial disputes on religion and politics 16

- The exchange of fears and the theory of exclusion and elusion 26

- Religion and politics: theory and implementation 30

- Who rules who: religion or politics? 41

Section II: Islamic movement vision: The role of religion in the upcoming Islamic state 49

- The civic state with Islamic reference 56

Section III: Secularism and the religious reference in the west 60

Discussions and conclusions 64

Recommendations 78

List of participants 80

English Abstract

RELIGION And POLITICS in the Arab World

1

The views of the contributors does not necessarily stand to MESC position

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