ISO ISC

Firefighter Firefighter SafetySafety

SAFETY

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Why Have a Safety Program ?Why Have a Safety Program ?

1 of every 12 1 of every 12 firefighters will be firefighters will be

injured in the line of injured in the line of duty this yearduty this year

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Since 1988, an average of 100 Since 1988, an average of 100 firefighters per year were firefighters per year were killed in the line of dutykilled in the line of duty

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Worcester, Massachusetts

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Emmitsburgh, MarylandEmmitsburgh, Maryland

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Fatalities by Type of Duty

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Type of Emergency Duty

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Laws & RegulationsLaws & Regulations

– COMM 30COMM 30• FD Safety & Health FD Safety & Health

– COMM 32COMM 32• Public Employee Safety & HealthPublic Employee Safety & Health

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Written as recommendations, many NFPA Written as recommendations, many NFPA Standards are adopted through reference Standards are adopted through reference

in COMM 30in COMM 30

NFPA 1001 – FF Professional QualificationsNFPA 1001 – FF Professional QualificationsNFPA 1002 – Driver / Operator QualificationsNFPA 1002 – Driver / Operator QualificationsNFPA 1403 – Live Fire TrainingNFPA 1403 – Live Fire TrainingNFPA 1901 – Pumper Fire ApparatusNFPA 1901 – Pumper Fire ApparatusNFPA 1981 – SCBANFPA 1981 – SCBANFPA 1983 – Life Safety Rope, Harnesses, and HardwareNFPA 1983 – Life Safety Rope, Harnesses, and Hardware

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Although Wisconsin is not an OSHA State, Although Wisconsin is not an OSHA State, many OSHA Standards are adopted many OSHA Standards are adopted

through reference in COMM 32through reference in COMM 32

Part 1904 – Recording & Reporting Occupational Injuries and IllnessesPart 1904 – Recording & Reporting Occupational Injuries and IllnessesPart 1910 – Occupational Safety & HealthPart 1910 – Occupational Safety & Health

Bloodborne PathogensBloodborne PathogensHazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials

Respiratory ProtectionRespiratory ProtectionConfined Space EntryConfined Space Entry

Lockout / TagoutLockout / Tagout

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Many other documents are recognized as industry Many other documents are recognized as industry “standards”, but unless adopted by reference in COMM “standards”, but unless adopted by reference in COMM 30 & 32, they are not “legally enforceable” and merely 30 & 32, they are not “legally enforceable” and merely

serve as recommendations.serve as recommendations.

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Laws & RegulationsLaws & RegulationsAlthough FF’s in WI are waived from having Commercial Although FF’s in WI are waived from having Commercial

Driver License (CDL) Certification, they DO have to abide by Driver License (CDL) Certification, they DO have to abide by the CDL requirements of State Statute 346.63.the CDL requirements of State Statute 346.63.

This statute clearly stipulates that no person This statute clearly stipulates that no person may operate or be on-duty . . .may operate or be on-duty . . .

• while having a blood-alcohol concentration while having a blood-alcohol concentration above 0.0, above 0.0,

• within 4 hours of having consumed or within 4 hours of having consumed or having been under the influence of an having been under the influence of an

intoxicating beverage, or intoxicating beverage, or

• while possessing an intoxicating beverage, while possessing an intoxicating beverage, regardless of it’s alcohol content.regardless of it’s alcohol content.

OTISOTIS

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Fire Department Safety OfficerFire Department Safety Officer

Assists the Fire Chief in the Assists the Fire Chief in the ultimate responsibility ultimate responsibility

for the safety and health for the safety and health of the fire fighter.of the fire fighter.

Safety

Officer

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• QualificationsQualifications– FD memberFD member– Knowledge of state / local Knowledge of state / local

laws (COMM 30 - 32)laws (COMM 30 - 32)– Knowledge of potential Knowledge of potential

hazards related to firefightinghazards related to firefighting– Knowledge of principles / Knowledge of principles /

techniques of managing a techniques of managing a safety & health programsafety & health program

Safety

Officer

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• DutiesDuties– Safety & Health CommitteeSafety & Health Committee– Safety in workplaceSafety in workplace– Safety in trainingSafety in training– Incident safetyIncident safety– Records managementRecords management– Policy and procedure Policy and procedure

developmentdevelopment

Safety

Officer

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Fireground Safety Officer (Sector)Fireground Safety Officer (Sector)

• Sector OfficerSector Officer– Time Keeping (SCBA)Time Keeping (SCBA)– Accountability (PAR)Accountability (PAR)– Building Survey (Size-Up)Building Survey (Size-Up)– OperationsOperations– Accident/Injury InvestigationAccident/Injury Investigation

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Firefighter SafetyFirefighter Safety

• Safety CommitteeSafety Committee– Representatives of FDRepresentatives of FD

• Management Management • LaborLabor• OthersOthers

– ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities• Research & DevelopmentResearch & Development• Make recommendationsMake recommendations• Hold bi-annual meetingsHold bi-annual meetings

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• TrainingTraining– Establish a program to prevent occupational accidents, Establish a program to prevent occupational accidents,

deaths & injuries.deaths & injuries.– Qualified Instructors – anyone who is knowledgeable in Qualified Instructors – anyone who is knowledgeable in

the topic, not necessarily a “certified” instructor.the topic, not necessarily a “certified” instructor.– Training must match duties Training must match duties andand include training in the include training in the

Incident Management System (IMS)Incident Management System (IMS)

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• TrainingTraining– Monthly training in structural firefighting (or related Monthly training in structural firefighting (or related

topics – SCBA, ladders, etc.)topics – SCBA, ladders, etc.)– Live fire training Live fire training mustmust follow NFPA 1403 follow NFPA 1403– FF’s must be trained in procedures to effect his or her FF’s must be trained in procedures to effect his or her

safe exit from a dangerous area if equipment fails or safe exit from a dangerous area if equipment fails or fire conditions change suddenlyfire conditions change suddenly

Backdraft – flashover – safety & survivalBackdraft – flashover – safety & survivalbldg. construction -RITbldg. construction -RIT

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The solution is early, The solution is early, high ventilationhigh ventilation

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FLASHOVERFLASHOVER

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1½ times the height of the building1½ times the height of the building

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• Permanent RecordsPermanent Records– Job related accidents & illnessesJob related accidents & illnesses– Confidential health recordsConfidential health records

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• Member ExposuresMember Exposures– Toxic products (Carcinogens) Toxic products (Carcinogens) – Infectious diseases (HIV)Infectious diseases (HIV)

• Vehicles & EquipmentVehicles & Equipment– MaintenanceMaintenance– Repairs Repairs – ServiceService

• DocumentedDocumented

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• ApparatusApparatus– Drivers / OperatorsDrivers / Operators

• Trained & Certified (NFPA 1002)Trained & Certified (NFPA 1002)• Valid DLValid DL

– Driver is responsible for the safe and prudent operation Driver is responsible for the safe and prudent operation of the vehicle in all conditions.of the vehicle in all conditions.

– Any Officer directly supervising the driver is Any Officer directly supervising the driver is responsible for the actions of the driver.responsible for the actions of the driver.

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• Apparatus InspectionsApparatus Inspections– Weekly - minimumWeekly - minimum– Within 24 hrs after use or repairWithin 24 hrs after use or repair– Annual testing & certificationAnnual testing & certification

• Fire PumpsFire Pumps• AerialsAerials• Portable equipment, ladders, hose Portable equipment, ladders, hose

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Firefighter SafetyFirefighter Safety• Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment

– Coat / Bunker PantsCoat / Bunker Pants– Helmet / Gloves / Boots / HoodHelmet / Gloves / Boots / Hood– SCBASCBA– PASS DevicePASS Device– Hearing & Eye ProtectionHearing & Eye Protection– Must meet NFPA standards at time of Must meet NFPA standards at time of

manufacturemanufacture– Must be maintained according to Must be maintained according to

manufacturer’s recommendationsmanufacturer’s recommendations

Must be Must be provided by provided by

the the municipalitmunicipality at no cost y at no cost

to the to the employeeemployee

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COMMAND


Emergency OperationsEmergency Operations– Incident Management System (IMS)Incident Management System (IMS)

• Written guidelinesWritten guidelines• Identify roles / responsibilities of personnelIdentify roles / responsibilities of personnel• Safety of OperationsSafety of Operations

– IMS TrainingIMS Training– Assign safety responsibilities to supervisory personnelAssign safety responsibilities to supervisory personnel– The IC is ULTIMATELY RESPONSIBLEThe IC is ULTIMATELY RESPONSIBLE

SAFETY

OPERATIONS

PIO

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• Incident Safety RequirementsIncident Safety Requirements– Need for sufficient personnel / Need for sufficient personnel /

limited operationslimited operations– Inexperienced FF’s must be assigned Inexperienced FF’s must be assigned

w/ experienced onesw/ experienced ones– Must wear retro-reflective garment Must wear retro-reflective garment

and protective headwear if in and protective headwear if in potential contact with trafficpotential contact with traffic

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Firefighter SafetyFirefighter SafetyProcedures for Interior Structural FirefightingProcedures for Interior Structural Firefighting

• Firefighters shall operate in teams of two or more and Firefighters shall operate in teams of two or more and remain in communication with each other through remain in communication with each other through visual, audible, physical, safety guide rope, electronic visual, audible, physical, safety guide rope, electronic or other means to coordinate their activities, andor other means to coordinate their activities, and

• In close enough proximity to each other to be able to In close enough proximity to each other to be able to provide assistance in case of an emergency.provide assistance in case of an emergency.

““Two-in”Two-in”

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• Except in the case of a structural fire which is in the Except in the case of a structural fire which is in the initial or beginning stage and which can be controlled initial or beginning stage and which can be controlled or extinguished by portable fire extinguishers, a back-or extinguished by portable fire extinguishers, a back-up team of at least two members shall be available at up team of at least two members shall be available at the scene for rescue if the need arises.the scene for rescue if the need arises.

““Two-out”Two-out”

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+ one+ one


• In ALL structural fires in which firefighters In ALL structural fires in which firefighters use SCBA, at least one additional member shall use SCBA, at least one additional member shall be assigned to remain outside the structural be assigned to remain outside the structural fire and monitor the operations. (Incident fire and monitor the operations. (Incident Commander)Commander)

– It is not the intent of this rule to prevent any It is not the intent of this rule to prevent any number of persons from responding to a fire call, number of persons from responding to a fire call, setting up equipment and initiating exterior fire setting up equipment and initiating exterior fire suppression at the fire scene. suppression at the fire scene.

– Also, it is not the intent of this rule to prohibit an Also, it is not the intent of this rule to prohibit an individual firefighter from taking an action to individual firefighter from taking an action to preserve the life or safety of another person. preserve the life or safety of another person.

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““Two-out”Two-out”

““Two-in”Two-in”

COMM 30COMM 30

+ one+ one

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Firefighter SafetyFirefighter SafetyAt emergency operations, the IC shall At emergency operations, the IC shall

evaluate the risk to FF’s and, if necessary, evaluate the risk to FF’s and, if necessary, request at least BLS personnel and pt. request at least BLS personnel and pt.

transportation be available.transportation be available.

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Facility SafetyFacility SafetyMust meet the requirements of COMM 32Must meet the requirements of COMM 32

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• Scene Re-HabScene Re-Hab– Reduces StressReduces Stress– Provides RestProvides Rest

• reduces heat stressreduces heat stress• reduces fatiguereduces fatigue• provides warmingprovides warming

– Fluid replacementFluid replacement– FoodFood– Medical MonitoringMedical Monitoring

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Firefighter SafetyFirefighter Safety• Scene Re-HabScene Re-Hab

– RecommendationsRecommendations• After 2 SCBA bottlesAfter 2 SCBA bottles• After 45 minutes of strenuous workAfter 45 minutes of strenuous work• When members are obviously fatigued, faint, When members are obviously fatigued, faint,

injured or emotionally drainedinjured or emotionally drained– Re-Hab LocationsRe-Hab Locations

• Nearby Scene Nearby Scene – outside hazard area - no exhaust fumesoutside hazard area - no exhaust fumes– EMS units / Red Cross / Salvation ArmyEMS units / Red Cross / Salvation Army

» tent, garage, bus, squadtent, garage, bus, squad

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• On SceneOn Scene– ElectricalElectrical– TrafficTraffic– Building ConstructionBuilding Construction– Haz-MatHaz-Mat– Tools & EquipmentTools & Equipment

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Special HazardsSpecial Hazards• Electrical systems & equipmentElectrical systems & equipment

– sourcessources• power lines, fuses, breaker panels, building wiring, power lines, fuses, breaker panels, building wiring,

appliancesappliances– precautionsprecautions

• assume they are energizedassume they are energized• notify WEPCOnotify WEPCO• do not use straight or solid hose streamsdo not use straight or solid hose streams• use caution when raising laddersuse caution when raising ladders

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• Medical Medical – Physical ExamsPhysical Exams

• Prior to employmentPrior to employment• ScheduledScheduled

– Fitness ProgramFitness Program• Job task evaluationsJob task evaluations

– Combat ChallengeCombat Challenge– SCBA Fitness EvaluationSCBA Fitness Evaluation

» annualannual

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• Member Assistance Program (MAP)Member Assistance Program (MAP)– Counseling for . . . Counseling for . . .

• Alcohol / substance abuseAlcohol / substance abuse• Stress / personal problemsStress / personal problems

– Health promotion activitiesHealth promotion activities• Smoking cessationSmoking cessation• Healthy living Healthy living • Enhancing overall wellnessEnhancing overall wellness

Documents

ISO ISC