La Iglesia de El Salvador de Nerja

7/21/2019 La Iglesia de El Salvador de Nerja

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LH KJLGTKH EG GL THLRHEN] EG AG]FH

Brhadksdn Dhpkllh Luqug

8. Lh igzqukth y lh prkigrh kjlgskh eg Agrfh

Duhaen lns ]gygs Dhtlkdns dnaquksthrna gl rgkan eg Jrhaheh, trhs uahjugrrh qug chmh dnigazhen ga 853= y bkahlkz ekgz hns egspus, ga 85;=, lhpnmlhdka hutdtnah egl iksin phs h sgr dnaskegrheh iuefhr, puekgaendnasgrvhr ga ua prkadkpkn su rglkjka, lgajuh y dnstuimrgs, ga vkrtue eg lhs dh-pktulhdknags qug lns ]gygs chmha ken bkrihaen. _nr ln thatn, lhs igzqukthsgxkstgatgs ga gl rgkan sg ihatuvkgrna ga usn phrh lns iusulihags, h gxdgp-dka eg lhs qug sg gadnatrhmha ga lns lujhrgs rgpnmlhens pnr drkstkhans qugbugrna dnashjrhehs y utklkzhehs dnin kjlgskhs. Gstg bug gl dhsn eg lh dkuehe eg

Rlgz-Ilhjh, tniheh pnr lhs trnphs dhstgllhahs gl eh =: eg hmrkl eg 853:,qug bug rgpnmlheh atgjrhigatg y entheh eg phrrnqukhs0 ska gimhrjn, tnens lnslujhrgs sktuhens hl nrkgatg eg lh prnvkadkh eg Ilhjh, jrha phrtg eg lns duhlgsdnastktuyga lh hdtuhl dnihrdh eg Lh Hxhrquh y thimka dnaquksthens ga gshsbgdchs, dnasgrvhrna sus igzqukths hl pgrihagdgr ga gllns lh pnmlhdka iue-fhr.

Tka gimhrjn, dnin dnasgdugadkh eg lh sumlgvhdka eg lns iuefhrgs egbkahlgs eg 85;; sg prneufn ua dhimkn eg pnltkdh pnr phrtg eg lh Dnrnah, egdrg-taensg lh dnavgrska jgagrhl eg tnens gllns hl drkstkhaksin. Ga lh furksekddkaeg Rlgz-Ilhjh gsth dnavgrska sg llgv h dhmn h bkahlgs eg sgptkgimrg eg87??, nmlkjaensg qugihr tnens lns gfgiplhrgs egl Dnra y egis lkmrns sh-jrhens iusulihags, ikgatrhs qug lhs igzqukths qugehmha dnavgrtkehs gakjlgskhs enthehs dna lns mkgags chmkdgs eg hqugllhs, gs egdkr, dna gl dnafuatneg mkgags y rgaths dna qug dnathmha phrh su ihatgakikgatn. Wans hns egs-pus, ga 87?7, brhy Ekgjn eg Egzh, hrznmkspn eg Tgvkllh (lns hrznmkspns cksph-lgasgs grha gatnadgs lns akdns hutnrkzhens h buaehr kjlgskhs ga gl rgkan egJrhaheh), prniulj lh prkigrh Grgddka phrrnqukhl egl nmksphen eg Ilhjh,qug sgrh rgbnriheh pnstgrknrigatg, ga 878?, pnr gl nmkspn ihlhdkthan Ekgjn]hirgz eg Rkllhgsdush8.

Lh hlqugrh eg A!rk"h, lh Agrfh igekgvhl, gsthmh sktuheh gatnadgs ga ualujhr ekstkatn egl qug sg gadugatrh lh pnmlhdka hdtuhl, ga lh ihrjga egrgdchegl rn Dcllhr, ga gl gatnran egl Dhstklln Hltn. Gl 5 eg ihyn eg 853:, uans ehsegspus eg lh dhpktulhdka eg Rlgz-Ilhjh, lns eglgjhens eg Agrfh prgsthrnafurhigatn hl rgy Bgrahaen, fuatn dna lns eg ntrns lujhrgs qug bugrna pugstnsmhfn lh furksekddka eg hqugllh dkuehe, dnavkrtkaensg ga vhshllns iuefhrgs eglns augvns inahrdhs. _grn lhs tgasknags qug sg vkvkgrna ga lns prkigrns hnsegl skjln SRK prnvndhrna lh cukeh ga ihsh eg iudcns lujhrgs, gspgdkhligatgdnstgrns, gatrg gllns Agrfh. Lns inrksdns agrfgns cuygrna h Mgrmgrh ga ihr-zn eg 87?7, egmkgaen rgpnmlhrsg gl tgrrktnrkn dna drkstkhans vkgfns h phrtkr egsgptkgimrg eg gsg hn. Ga 8787 Agrfh qugehmh egspnmlheh pnr sgjuaeh vgz,

8 TWMG]MKNLH IH]UAGV, F., Lh nregahdka phrrnqukhl ihlhdkthah eg 87?7 y su rgbnrih-dka, Mhgtkdh. Gstuekns eg Hrtg, Jgnjrhbh g Ckstnrkh3, 8;37, pjs. 488-475.


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h dhush eg lns hthqugs y sgdugstrns pgrpgtrhens pnr lh pkrhtgrh mgrmgrksdh y glikgen eg lns augvns pnmlhenrgs h vkvkr ga tkgrrh tha kasgjurh y pglkjrnsh, y cu-mn qug prndgegr h uah augvh rgpnmlhdka. Wans hns egspus, ga 875?, qug-e egbkaktkvhigatg egspnmlheh, gsthen ga qug dnatkauhrh chsth lns ltkinshns egl skjln SRK ga qug sg prneufn lh llgjheh eg augvns pnmlhenrgs htrhens

pnr lhs npnrtuakehegs eg trhmhfn qug nbrgdha gl kajgakn hzudhrgrn qug Fuha egMrknags chmh lgvhathen ga Agrfh y gl dultkvn eg lh dhh euldg ga lhs rkdhs tkg-rrhs eg su vgjh.

Agrfh pnsgh uah igzqukth qug chmh sken dnashjrheh h rhz eg lh dna-vgrska jgagrhl iuefhr, huaqug ga lh grgddka phrrnqukhl eg 87?7 an sg gsth-mlgdk ga gllh lh sgeg eg akajuah phrrnqukh, qugehaen skiplgigatg dninhagfn eg lh phrrnqukh eg Thath Ihrh eg Brkjklkhah, uah eg lhs ens dna qug dna-thmh gstg lujhr (lh ntrh grh lh eg Tha Fuha). Tka gimhrjn, ga lh rgbnrihdka eglnmkspn Rkllhgsdush s sg drg lh phrrnqukh eg Agrfh, kaegpgaekgatg yh eg lh egBrkjklkhah qug pgreh hs uah eg lhs ens dna qug kakdkhligatg dnathmh.

Egsdnandgins gl lujhr gxhdtn ga qug sg gadnatrhmh hqugllh igzqukthtrhasbnriheh ga tgipln drkstkhan, huaqug ga ua hpgn eg tkgrrhs rghlkzhen ga87:5 sg dktha uahs chzhs dnlkaehatgs dna lh kjlgskh vkgfh qug gsthmh fuatn h lhhdgqukh Hlth.

H phrtkr eg su tnthl egspnmlhdka ga 875? an chmrh ga Agrfh is chmk-thatgs gsthmlgs qug lhs juhrakdknags eg lns dhstkllns Hltn y Mhfn y lhs eg lhs tn-rrgs dnstgrhs, qugehaen hmhaenaheh lh hatkjuh pnmlhdka h lh is dniplgthrukah. Egseg 8735 gst enduigatheh lh prgsgadkh eg ua dhpglla ga gl DhstkllnMhfn, sktuhen ga gl hdtuhl Mhlda eg Gurnph=0 gstg dhpglla egdh iksh lns en-ikajns y ehs bgstkvns y heikakstrhmh lns shdrhigatns h lns snlehens egl dhstk-lln, huaqug thimka sg egsplhzhmh h Ihrn phrh htgaegr lhs agdgskehegs gspkrk-tuhlgs egl rgeudken aigrn eg chmkthatgs dna qug dnathmh hqugl lujhr, sgjagsdrkmg ga tnran h 828? gl ckstnrkhenr vglgn Fuha Rzqugz ]gajkbn4.

=. Lh dhpkllh egl Dhstklln Mhfn y lh kasthlhdka eg lh phrrnqukh

H phrtkr eg 873: y, ga tnen dhsn, hatgs eg 82?2, skgaen hldhkeg egl Dhs-tklln Mhfn Hlnasn Iklla Hlthikrhan, sg dnastruy uah dhpkllh ga gsth bnrthlgzh.

Gl nrhtnrkn sg pusn mhfn lh hevndhdka eg sha Rkdgatg Bgrrgr, h tganr eg lh ka-bnrihdka qug prnpnrdknah Hlgfhaern Mugan, dkthaen gl hdth eg uah vkskth phs-tnrhl rghlkzheh gl =? eg ihyn eg 82?2 y dnasgrvheh ga gl hrdckvn phrrnqukhl egAgrfh chsth lh egstruddka egl iksin ga 8;42.

Ga 8244 sg egdkek umkdhr lh augvh pnmlhdka eg Agrfh ga gl gatnran eglDhstklln Mhfn, surjkgaen gatnadgs lh agdgskehe eg enthrlh eg ua gsphdkn ga glqug sg dglgmrhrha lns nbkdkns rglkjknsns phrh sus chmkthatgs. _hrh glln sg utklkzlh dktheh dhpkllh egl dhstklln, uah egpgaegadkh eg plhath rgdthajulhr hensheh hlh iurhllh pnr gl gxtgrknr eg su lhen anrtg, ga lh phrtg eg tkgrrh, sktuheh hprnxk-=

(H)]DCKRN (J)GAG]HL EG (T)KIHADHT. Tgdrgthrh eg Jugrrh y Ihrkah. Lgj. =8:-5=.4RVXWGV ]GAJKBN, F., Jrhaegzhs eg lh dkuehe eg Rlgz y cgdcns anthmlgs eg sus ahturh-lgs, Rlgz-Ilhjh, Hrtg y Dulturh, 8;;3, pj. ;?.


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ihehigatg ga lh igekhdka egl hdtuhl phsgn Mhlda eg Gurnph0 ga gsth dhpkllhsg gsthmlgdk lh sgeg eg lh augvh phrrnqukh eg Agrfh gl 82 eg bgmrgrn eg 8223,skgaen su prkigr prrndn Brhadksdn _nadg5, huaqug phrgdg qug lh hehpthdkaeg lh iksih phrh usn jgagrhl sg puen chmgr rghlkzhen uans hns hatgs, ga822?, dna lh kasthlhdka eg lh pklh mhutksihl pnr phrtg eg Fuha eg Thlvhtkgrrh,

durh eg Unrrnx, eg qukga ga gstns prkigrns inigatns egmh egpgaegr lh kjlg-skh eg Agrfh hatgs eg dnavgrtkrsg ga phrrnqukh7.

_lhan egl Dhstklln eg Agrfh.T.h., s.l., 8:4?. Ikakstgrkneg Geudhdka, Dulturh y Egpnrtg, Hrdckvn Jgagrhl egTkihadhs, Ihphs, _lhans y Ekmufns, 28-== (egthllg).]gllgan eg dnlnr agjrn gl gsphdkn ga qug egmk umkdhr-sg lh dhpkllh egl dhstklln.

4. Lh kjlgskh eg Gl Thlvhenr

4.8. Lh dnastruddka eg lh kjlgskh

Gl kadrgigatn eg lh pnmlhdka ckzn qug prnatn lh dhpkllh egl dhstklln rgsul-thrh kasubkdkgatg y nmlkjhrh dnastrukr ua tgipln eg augvh plhath, lh kjlgskh eg Gl

Thlvhenr, duyhs nmrhs gsthmha dnadlukehs gl 85 eg fulkn eg 82;:. Gsth prkigrhkjlgskh, eg gstkln mhrrndn grh is pgqugh qug lh hdtuhl y an gsthmh dniplgth,sk ans htgagins h lhs prgsdrkpdknags qug phrh lh dnastruddka eg kjlgskhs ph-rrnqukhlgs chmh ehen ga 82:8 gl nmkspn eg Ilhjh Brhy Hlnasn eg Thatn Un-is. Tgja gsths, lhs kjlgskhs egmha tgagr nmlkjhtnrkhigatg ga gl katgrknr hlthrihynr, plpktn ga gl lhen egl Gvhajglkn, pklh eg hjuh mgaekth, dnrn ga gl phvk-igatn n ga hltn, dnabgsknahrkns, pklh mhutksihl dgrdheh eg rgfh g kaigekhth h lhpugrth egl tgipln y shdrksth0 y ga gl gxtgrknr lh tnrrg n dhiphahrkn y dgigatgrkndna druz jrhaeg eg ihegrh n pkgerh y dgrdhen2.

5MWGAN JH]DH, H., ]gsgh ckstrkdh eg lh vkllh eg Agrfh, Rlgz-Ilhjh, 8;?:, pj. 48.7

LWAH, E. eg, Ckstnrkh eg Unrrnx, (H)]DCKRN (I)WAKDK_HL EG (I)LHJH, Ihausdrktn =/888.2THAUN UNIT, Br. H. eg, Dnastktudknags syanehlgs egl nmksphen eg Ilhjh(Tanen eg =8eg anvkgimrg eg 82:8), Tgvkllh, 82:5, pj. 583.


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Lh kjlgskh qug sg hdhmhmh eg mgaegdkr rgspnaeh h ua prntntkpn qug sggsthmh dnastruygaen ga Ilhjh y su nmksphen eurhatg jrha phrtg egl skjln SRKKh phrtkr egl eksgn qug ckdkgrh gl ihgstrn ihynr eg lh dhtgerhl _gern Ehz eg_hlhdkns phrh lh kjlgskh eg Tha _gern eg lh dhpkthl, thimka henpthen ga lh

kjlgskh phrrnqukhl eg Brkjklkhah, gatrg ntrhs. Ugah lh dhmgdgrh nrkgatheh hl Ngs-tg y lh bhdcheh hl Gstg, y dniprgaeh snln lh ahvg dgatrhl, dumkgrth dna hriheu-rh eg trhekdka iuefhr eg phrgs y tkrhatgs jrhiklhens, eglkiktheh pnr pklhrgssnmrg lns qug hpgha hrdns eg igekn puatn, y lhs ens ahvgs lhtgrhlgs qug pnsk-mlgigatg gstuvkgrha dumkgrths thimka dna hriheurhs, huaqug pnstgrknrigatgqugehrna ndulths pnr mvgehs bkajkehs eg hrksth ga sus trhins bkahlgs y egigekn dha dna luagtns ga gl rgstn, qug gs dnin sg vga ga lh hdtuhlkehe0hegis, gs pnskmlg qug thimka tuvkgrh ua dnrn hltn h lns pkgs eg lh ahvg prka-dkphl ln qug prnlnajhmh su gxtgaska ga rglhdka h lhs ahvgs lhtgrhlgs:. Ga sudnastruddka sg giplg lh ihipnstgrh ekspugsth ga dhfnags sgphrhens pnrvgreujhehs eg lherklln gatrg ihdcns thimka eg lherklln. Gstg ihtgrkhl sg skjuk

ushaen ga hiplkhdknags pnstgrknrgs, eg inen qug gl hspgdtn gxtgrknr eg lhkjlgskh chsth gl skjln SKS grh iuy ekstkatn hl qug cny nbrgdg, pugs an gsthmhgadhlheh y pneh vgrsg gl lherklln y lns rgvndns eg lh ihipnstgrh (tnen gllntnehvh pneh hprgdkhrsg ga lh phrtg gxtgrah eg lh dhmgdgrh eg lh kjlgskh ga lhsprkigrhs edhehs egl skjln SS, sgja iugstrha hljuahs bntnjrhbhs eg lh pn-dh).

_lhan eg lh kjlgskh eg Gl Thlvhenr (Agrfh). Eg dnlnr jrks,gl rgh qug dniprgaeg lh prkigrh gekbkdhdka.

: Lh kjlgskh eg Gl Thlvhenr eg Agrfh ch sken trhtheh ga DHIHDCN IH]UAGV, ].6 IlhjhMhrrndh. Hrquktgdturh rglkjknsh eg lns skjlns SRKK y SRKKK, Ilhjh, Wakvgrskehe eg Ilhjh, 8;38,pjs. 5;5-5;7, DHIHDCN IH]UAGV, ]. (Etrh.)6 Kavgathrkn hrtstkdn eg Ilhjh y su prnvkadkh,

U. K, Iherke, Ikakstgrkn eg Dulturh, 8;37, pjs. 482-483, y IN]HLGT BNLJWG]H, F.I.6 Hrtgdlskdn y hdheikdn ga Ilhjh (8:7=-8345), Ilhjh, Ekputhdka _rnvkadkhl eg Ilhjh, 8;;5.


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Ga gl skjln SRKKK Agrfh gxpgrkigat ua jrha drgdkikgatn gdnaikdn y uahuigatn dnaskegrhmlg eg su pnmlhdka, y ga gllh bug surjkgaen uah lktg sndkhl,gl jrupn ekrkjgatg eg lh lndhlkehe, katgjrheh pnr gl dlgrn (durh, mgagbkdkhens yprgsmtgrns), lns hldhlegs y, pnstgrknrigatg, lns ikgimrns egl dnadgfn, hljuans

iklkthrgs y lns kabluygatgs y pnegrnsns Ekgjn y Fuha Bgraaegz eg lh _hstnrh,dnikshrkns eg lh Kaqukskdka, gatrg ntrns. Unens gllns gadhmgzhrna y prninvkg-rna lns plgktns katgrpugstns pnr lns vgdkans eg Agrfh h Rlgz-Ilhjh hatg lh]ghl Dchadkllgrh eg Jrhaheh phrh nmtgagr lh pnsgska eg lhs tkgrrhs, dhshs ycugrtns (thimka eg lhs rkdhs egcgshs) eg su trikan y pnmlhdka, qug chsthgatnadgs chmha gsthen ga pnegr eg ekdch dkuehe, dnasgjukeh ga 8:53. Gstgjrupn enikahatg sg vgrh kadrgigathen eurhatg gl skjln SKS dna lh kadnrpnrh-dka eg hljuahs bhiklkhs eg prnpkgthrkns hjrdnlhs dna katgrgsgs kaeustrkhlgs.

Kjlgskh eg Gl Thlvhenr (Agrfh). Hriheurh iuefhr eg lh ahvg dgatrhl.

_hrh lh inegrah pugmlh, eg tha rgdkgatg drghdka, qug chmh pneken hd-dgegr h lh prnpkgehe eg sus tkgrrhs y dhshs trhs hns eg lktkjkns, h lh vgz qugprgtgaeh gihadkphrsg pnltkdhigatg eg lh dkuehe eg Rlgz-Ilhjh y qug ch-mh hldhazhen uah dkgrth prnspgrkehe gdnaikdh, grh buaehigathl pnegr gxtg-rknrkzhr gstns lnjrns, y aheh igfnr qug enthr eg jrhaegzh y gsplgaenr h su kjlg-skh, gl ihynr y is kipnrthatg gekbkdkn dna qug gatnadgs dnathmh ua pugmlnqug, pnr ntrh phrtg, dhrgdh eg dnavgatns y dhshs anmklkhrkhs. Lns ikgimrns eglh lktg sndkhl agrfgh dnastktuygrna gxdluskvhs cgrihaehegs y dnbrhehs, dninlh Gsdlhvktue egl Thatskin, lh prkigrh eg lhs gsthmlgdkehs ga lh phrrnqukh, ga8:87, n lh Cgrihaehe eg lh Dnadgpdka _urskih, dnastktukeh ga 8:3: y bnr-iheh pnr ua aigrn skgiprg bkfn eg vgkatkduhtrn dnbrhegs pgrtgagdkgatgs hldlgrn, h lh iklkdkh n hl jrupn eg prnpkgthrkns. Gsths cgrihaehegs enthrna mgag-bkdkns y dhpgllhahs, subrhjhrna ikshs, y dnatrkmuygrna h lh hiplkhdka y nrah-


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igathdka egl tgipln0 ekdchs prdtkdhs an snln pgriktha h sus katgjrhatgs gx-tgrknrkzhr su rglkjknskehe y dnatrkmukr h lh shlvhdka eg sus hlihs, skan thimkachdgr hlhreg eg lh pnskdka gdnaikdh y sndkhl qug nduphmha, pugs grha nmrhsphs qug ntnrjhmha ua kaeuehmlg prgstkjkn h qukgags lhs rghlkzhmha. Tka euehtnens gllns rkvhlkzhmha dna lh bhiklkh Lpgz eg Hldathrh, llgjheh eg Jrhaheh

ga 8:??, prnpkgthrkh egl kajgakn hzudhrgrn eg Agrfh y eg jrha dhatkehe eg tkg-rrhs ga su trikan, qug chmh dnastruken h sus gxpgashs ua shatuhrkn prkvhen,mgaegdken ga 8:=?, lh grikth eg Augstrh Tgnrh eg lhs Hajustkhs, egl qug grhaphtrnans, dnstghaen su nrahigathdka y gsthmlgdkgaen ga l uah dhpgllhah.

4. =. Lh tnrrg y gl mhptkstgrkn

Dhsk kaigekhthigatg egspus eg hmrkrsg hl dultn lh grikth eg lhs Hajus-tkhs dnigaz gl prndgsn eg hiplkhdka eg lh kjlgskh qug sg llgv h dhmn ga eks-tkatns inigatns egl skjln SRKKK, pugs, dnin cgins vkstn, gsth an gsthmh dni-plgth ga gl inigatn eg su dnashjrhdka. Ga gagrn eg 8:=4 gl durh eg Agrfh,

Ihths Rkllnergs y Hrhaeh, pkek lkdgadkh phrh lgvhathr lh tnrrg y ua mhptkstgrkn, yua hn is threg, ga gagrn eg 8:=5 sg ekrkjh eg augvn hl dhmklen dhtgerhlkdkneg Ilhjh dniuakdhaen qug chdg iudch bhlth uah tnrrg ga lh kjlgskh y pnr anchmgrlh an sg nyg lh dhiphah3. Lh nmrh bug hutnrkzheh y sg ckzn dna dhrjn hlhs bmrkdhs iganrgs egl nmksphen, huaqug phrtg eg lns jhstns bugrna dnstgh-ens pnr lns vgdkans eg Agrfh qug hpnrthrna tnens lns ihtgrkhlgs agdgshrkns(dhl, hrgah y pkgerh) y hljuans pgnags. Gl hn skjukgatg, ga ihrzn eg 8:=7, glprrndn pgeh eg augvn hutnrkzhdka, pgrn gsth vgz phrh hmrkr uah pugrth (pn-skmlgigatg lh qug eh h lh dhllg Kjlgskh), pnrqug lh kjlgskh an tgah is qug uah.

Lh tnrrg dnastrukeh gs eg plhath duherheh eg uans 2 i eg lhen y tkgagduhtrn dugrpns, skgaen gl ltkin eg gllns eg plhath ndtnjnahl0 lns ens prkigrnstkgaga ga su katgrknr gsdhlgrh eg nmrh ga tnran h ua hlih n ihdcn dgatrhl,ikgatrhs qug lns ens ltkins gsta cugdns y tkgaga hdtuhligatg uah gsdhlgrhigtlkdh eg dhrhdnl qug hddgeg hl dhiphahrkn, huaqug chsth chdg uans hnsgsth grh eg ihegrh. Gxtgrknrigatg prgsgath pklhstrhs tnsdhahs, y vhans dkgjnsrgihthens pnr brnatnags trkhajulhrgs phrtkens y hrdns eg igekn puatn0 ga gldugrpn eg dhiphahs sg ekspnaga duhtrn vhans hmkgrtns h lns puatns dhrekahlgsrgihthens, hskiksin, pnr hrdns eg igekn puatn. An shmgins sk lh tnrrg sgdnastruy eg kaigekhtn n su rghlkzhdka sg eginr hljuans hns0 thipndn sksg ckzn ga vhrkhs bhsgs n gxpgrkigat inekbkdhdknags pnstgrknrigatg, pugs lh

enduigathdka sg ch pgreken. Tka gimhrjn, gs kaeuehmlg qug ga su eksgnegmk katgrvgakr Hatnakn ]hins, qukga ga 8:=4 chmh gatrhen h trhmhfhr ga lhsnmrhs eg lh Dhtgerhl eg Ilhjh dna gl ihgstrn ihynr eg lh iksih, Fns egMheh, hl qug tgrikahrh sudgekgaen, dnavkrtkaensg ga su hphrgfhenr ga 8:=2.Lh tnrrg gs dhsk keatkdh h lhs eg lh kjlgskh eg Tha Bglkpg eg Ilhjh, eksghehpnr Mheh, y sg pugeg egdkr qug thatn gsths dnin lh eg Agrfh sna uah vgrskaskiplkbkdheh eg lh tnrrg eg lh dhtgerhl ihlhjugh qug Fns eg Mheh chmh prn-ygdthen ga 8:== y Hatnakn ]hins bug gfgduthaen y dulika ga 8:3=.

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H)]DCKRN EGL (D)HMKLEN (D)HUGE]HLKDKN EG (I)LHJH, Lgj. 8.?5=, pkgzh 8, lkmrn 54,=8? v.


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Kjlgskh eg Gl Thlvhenr (Agrfh). Unrrg-dhiphahrkn

Kjlgskh eg Tha Bglkpg (Ilhjh). Unrrg-Dhiphahrkn

Lh tnrrg quge hlkagheh dna lh bhdcheh eg lh kjlgskh ga lh qug sg hmrh lhakdh pugrth qug gsth pnsgh, rgihtheh pnr hrdn eg igekn puatn y blhaqughehpnr sgaehs pklhstrhs tnsdhahs0 snmrg lh dnraksh ua vgathahl hmrh gl dnrn hltn hlgxtgrknr. Gsth bhdcheh egmh prgsgathr gl iksin hspgdtn qug lh eg lh kjlgskhphrrnqukhl eg Brkjklkhah, huaqug sgrh inekbkdheh duhaen sg ckzn lh hiplkhdkaegl tgipln dgjaensg gl vgathahl (hcnrh dumkgrtn pnr ua phagl eg hzulgfns) yhhekaensg snmrg l ua duln nvhlhen ga dnasnahadkh dna lns eg lh augvhahvg egl drudgrn.

Gatrg lh ahvg egl Gvhajglkn y lh tnrrg qugehmh ua gsphdkn, hdtuhligatgnduphen pnr ua dhihra, ga gl qug sktu gl mhptkstgrkn, phrh duyh dnastruddkathimka chmh pgeken hutnrkzhdka gl prrndn, trhs prnlnajhr lh ahvg chsth uakr-

lh dna lh tnrrg. Gl mhptkstgrkn grh gl lujhr ga qug sg gadnatrhmh lh pklh mhutksihly, dnin sg ch ekdcn hatgrknrigatg, egmh gsthr rneghen eg uah rgfh y sktuhenfuatn h lh gatrheh0 ga tnen dhsn, an egmg dnabuaekrsg dna lh jrha pklh eg hjuhmgaekth qug snstkgag lh dnluiah ga lh qug hpnyha lns hrdns egl dnrn hltn y sggadugatrh trhs gl dhadgl eg gatrheh hl tgipln.

4.4. Lh hiplkhdka eg Rgaturh ]nerjugz

Is threg, h prkadkpkns eg ihrzn eg 8::2, gl dlgrn y hutnrkehegs eg Agr-fh gavkhmha hl ega y dhmklen eg lh Dhtgerhl eg Ilhjh, hl gadnatrhrsg vhdhatglh sgeg gpksdnphl, ua iginrkhl ga gl qug pgeha lh hiplkhdka eg lh kjlgskh pnr

an tgagr dhphdkehe phrh hdnjgr h lh drgdkgatg pnmlhdka eg lh pugmlh, qug sg-ja ehtns egl prnpkn nmksphen grh gatnadgs eg =.=5; hlihs (gl ihgstrn eg


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nmrhs iganrgs, Fuha Jhrdh Lgdcujn, qug bug gavkhen h Agrfh phrh rgdnandgry thshr lh nmrh, hsgjurhmh qug gl 3 eg ihrzn, ga ua sgria qug sg prgekd pnrlh andcg, sg ndup tnen gl phvkigatn mhfn dna lhs iufgrgs, qugehaen tnenslns cnimrgs h lh pugrth eg bugrh ga lh dhllg;). Lns pgtkdknahrkns, ga animrg eglns vgdkans, sg dniprnigtha h pnagr tnens lns ihtgrkhlgs agdgshrkns phrh lh

rghlkzhdka eg lh nmrh. Tka eueh gsth egihaeh ahdh an snln eg lh agdgskeheeg gsphdkn bskdn, skan thimka egl egsgn eg enthr h Agrfh eg ua tgipln rgan-vhen y eg ihynrgs ekigasknags, dnavgakgatgigatg nrahigathen dnabnrig hlns augvns justns qug kmha enikahaen, hdnreg dna lh pufhazh gdnaikdh eg lhpugmlh y dna lh pnskdka qug gsth qugrh nduphr ga gl yh rgbgrken prndgsn eggihadkphdka eg lh dkuehe eg Rlgz-Ilhjh ihatgaken egseg chdh vhrkhs e-dhehs.

Gl =? eg ihrzn eg 8::2, ga Agrfh, hatg gl gsdrkmhan Brhadksdn Blkx egJugvhrh, lns dkthens ikgimrns egl dlgrn y hutnrkehegs iuakdkphlgs, ga animrgeg lns vgdkans, pnr gxkjgadkh egl dhmklen dhtgerhlkdkn, ntnrjhrna gsdrkturh ga lh

qug sg nmlkjhmha, thl dnin sg chmha dniprnigtken, h pnagr hl pkg eg lh nmrhtneh lh dhl, hrgah, pkgerh, lherklln, tgfh y ihegrh qug bugrh igagstgr phrh lhiksih, hsgjurhaen gl duiplkikgatn eg tnen glln dna sus rgaths y lns mkgags egprnpkns egl dnadgfn8?.

Gl =; eg fulkn eg gsg iksin hn gl nmkspn eg Ilhjh, Fns Inlkah Lhrkn,ekrkjk hl hrquktgdtn ihynr eg Iherke y hrquktgdtn supgrvksnr egl Dnasgfn egDhstkllh, Rgaturh ]nerjugz, ua gsdrktn dna lns plhags eg hiplkhdka eg lh kjlg-skh eg Agrfh, prgsupugsthens ga :?.??? rghlgs eg vglla, hdniphhen eg uaplhan lgvhathen pnr Jhrdh Lgdcujn, kaekdhaen, hegis, qug grh agdgshrknrgphrhr gl dnrn hltn qug higahzhmh rukah y pnagr snlgrh augvh. Gl intkvn eggsth rgikska grh qug tnehs lhs nmrhs qug chmha eg rghlkzhrsg ga lhs kjlgskhsegl rgkan eg Jrhaheh egmha sgr hprnmhehs pnr gl rgy, qukga eglgjhmh ga glDnasgfn eg Dhstkllh, pugs lhs kjlgskhs eg ekdcn rgkan grha eg phtrnahtn rghl, uaprkvklgjkn gxkstgatg egseg lh pndh eg lns ]gygs Dhtlkdns qug chmh sken rg-dlhihen pnr Dhrlns KKK ga 8::4. Gsth gs lh dhush pnr lh duhl Rgaturh ]ner-jugz, gl is kipnrthatg hrquktgdtn egl mhrrndn dlhskdksth y hdheikdn, grh ga lhprdtkdh qukga egmh hprnmhr g kabnrihr gl prnygdtn eg nmrhs eg lh kjlgskh egAgrfh, jhrhatkzhaen hs lh kiplhathdka eg lns danags gsttkdns kipulshenspnr lh ]ghl Hdhegikh eg Mgllhs Hrtgs eg Tha Bgrahaen y prnphjhens ga lhprnvkadkh eg Ilhjh pnr gl nmkspn klustrhen Inlkah Lhrkn.

Rgaturh ]nerjugz rgdchz lns plhans y lh iginrkh gavkhens, qug ga-tgaeh egbgdtunsns y bhltns eg katglkjgadkh, y rgiktk hl nmkspn ua augvn prn-ygdtn glhmnrhen pnr l phrh lh hiplkhdka eg lh kjlgskh, hdniphhen eg augvnsplhans. Ga gstg prnygdtn eg Rgaturh ]nerjugz, rgdkmken ga Ilhjh gl 5 eg bg-mrgrn eg 8::3, sg dnatgiplhmh thimka lh pnskmklkehe eg giprgaegr ga gl butu-rn uah rganvhdka eg lh phrtg vkgfh egl tgipln, hdnreg dna lh augvh, h lh vgzqug sg rgdnigaehmh phrh lh ekrgddka eg lh nmrh hl ihgstrn ihynr eg lh dhtg-erhl eg Ilhjh, Hatnakn ]hins, n h su hphrgfhenr, Brhadksdn Ahvhfhs, huaqugbkahligatg sg gadhrjhrh eg gllhs Fns Inrgan, ihgstrn eg lhs bmrkdhs igan-;

H.D.D.I., Lgj. 8.?7?, pkgzh 8, lkmrn 7=, bnls. =;5-=;7v., y (H)]DCKRN (C)KTU]KDN(A)HDKNAHL. Dnasgfns, lgj. 82.272.8?(H)]DCKRN (C)KTU]KDN (_)]NRKADKHL EG (I)LHJH. Lgj. _-5.:87, bnls. 47-42.


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rgs, qug hdtu mhfn lh supgrvkska eg ]hins. Lns plhans y prnygdtn eg Rgaturh]nerjugz sg pgrekgrna ga gl kadgaekn subrken pnr gl phlhdkn gpksdnphl eg Ilh-jh ga 8;48, pgrn qugeh lh rghlkzhdka eg lns iksins.

_hrh lh hiplkhdka lh pugmlh eg Agrfh dnipr trgs dhshs dnlkaehatgs eg

8:? i=

eg supgrbkdkg y sg ndup phrtg egl tgrrgan egl dgigatgrkn phrrnqukhl,snmrg gl qug ans gxtgaegrgins is hmhfn0 hegis, hpnrthmh tneh lh dhl, pkg-erh y hrgah agdgshrkns y dnrrh dna uah tgrdgrh phrtg eg lns dnstgs prgsupugs-thens, qugehaen ln rgsthatg h dhrjn eg lhs bmrkdhs iganrgs egl nmksphen. Tgtrhthmh eg eginlgr lns iurns tgstgrns eg lhs trgs ahvgs, prnlnajhr lhs ens lhtg-rhlgs y lh dgatrhl dna ua drudgrn, hegis egl hlthr ihynr, egsplhzhaen gl eg lhprkiktkvh kjlgskh, duyh plhath sg trhasbnrihmh ga uah druz lhtkah, y hlhrjhaen sugfg.

Lh ahvg eg drudgrn (n mrhzn dnrtn eg lh druz), pgrpgaekdulhr h lh ahvgihynr, tkgag lh iksih hadcurh qug gsth y sg dumrg dna mvgeh bkajkeh sgikgs-

brkdh snmrg pgdckahs qug prgsgath pnr rgihtg uah lkatgrah eg plhath dkrdulhr,duyns vhans lhtgrhlgs pgriktga lh kluikahdka egl katgrknr. Lns mrhzns egl drudg-rn, hs dnin gl prgsmktgrkn (rgh glgvheh enaeg sg gadugatrh gl hlthr ihynr) sgdumrga dna mvgehs bkajkehs eg igekn dha dna luagtns. Gl drudgrn snmrgshlggxtgrknrigatg bnrihaen ua dugrpn prksitkdn duherhen tgdchen h duhtrn hjuhsdna tgfhs qug hpnyha snmrg hriheurh ndulth eg ihegrh mhfn lh qug sg gaduga-trh lh bhlsh mvgeh. Gstg iksin skstgih sg utklkzh ga lhs ahvgs lhtgrhlgs eg lhkjlgskh qug prgsgath dumkgrth h ens hjuhs. Hegis, sg lgvhathrna ens pkgzhseg shdrksth y trhstgrh.

_lhan eg lh kjlgskh eg Gl Thlvhenr (Agrfh). Eg dnlnr, jrks gl rghqug dniprgaeg lh hiplkhdka eg Rgaturh ]nerjugz.


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Chy ua rgh egl tgipln eg bnrih rgdthajulhr y uans =2 i=eg supgrbkdkg,sktuheh h lns pkgs eg lh ahvg eg lh Gpstnlh (lhtgrhl egrgdch dnabnrig sg gatrh hlh kjlgskh), keatkdh hl gsphdkn nduphen dnafuathigatg pnr lh tnrrg y gl hdtuhldhihra eg lh Rkrjga eg lns Enlnrgs, qug hl igans chsth 8:22 dnastktuh uapgqugn snlhr ska dnastrukr, pugs hs hphrgdg rgprgsgathen ga ua plhan eg lh

plhzh Ihynr eg Agrfh bgdchen gsg hn88

. Ga gl plhan rghlkzhen pnr Jhrdh Lg-dcujn ga 8::2 y rgiktken h Rgaturh ]nerjugz bkjurh prnygdthen, pnr ln qugegmgins supnagr qug h gstg lujhr gstuvkgrh prgvkstn trhslhehr gl mhptkstgrkn,pugs ga gl dgatrn hphrgdg eglkagheh uah pklh mhutksihl. Tka gimhrjn, gl mhptks-tgrkn skjuk ga su umkdhdka kakdkhl y gsth augvh gsthadkh sg utklkz phrh ntrnsbkags. Dnin hrdckvn y egsphdcn phrrnqukhl sg ihatuvn chsth lh edheh eg8;2? ga qug bug eginlken y gl snlhr qug nduphmh hfhrekahen, skrvkgaen eg umk-dhdka h lh druz eg lns dhens qug hatgrknrigatg prgskeh lh plhzh eg Dhvh-ahs. Bug rgdupgrhen phrh lh kjlgskh ga lh ltkih rgbnrih rghlkzheh y cny gs uahdhpkllh enaeg sg rkaeg dultn h lns tktulhrgs eg lh prndnbrheh egl Dhutkvn.

H igekhens eg 8:3= tnehs gsths nmrhs gsthmha h puatn eg dnadlukrsg.Wa phr eg hns egspus, gl eh 5 eg ndtumrg eg 8:35, gl endtnr Fnhqua eg In-lkah y Tadcgz, dhaakjn ihjkstrhl eg lh dhtgerhl eg Ilhjh y vkskthenr eg lhdkuehe eg Rlgz y su vkdhrh, rgdnandh lh pklh mhutksihl g kaspgddknahmh lnshlthrgs g kijgags, ekspnakgaen qug sg dnipnajh gl rjhan qug sg trhfn eg lhphrrnqukhl eg Thath Ihrh eg Rlgz, ga vkrtue eg egdrgtn egl Klin. Tr. E. FnsInlkah Lhrkn y Ahvhrrn, pnakaenlg ens rgjkstrns is, phrh duyh dnlndhdka gagl sktkn qug glkjk ena Fulka eg lh Nrega8=. Gstg grh gl hbhihen ihgstrn nrjh-agrn dnaqugasg qug sg chmh trhslhehen h Ilhjh h kasthadkhs egl nmkspn In-lkah Lhrkn phrh dnastrukr lns ens inauigathlgs rjhans eg lh dhtgerhl.

Kjlgskh eg Gl Thlvhenr (Agrfh). Mvgeh sgikgsbrkdh bkajkeh y lkatgrah snmrg gldrudgrn (prnygdtn eg Rgaturh ]nerjugz).

88_lhan eg phrtg eg lh pnmlhdka eg Agrfh, eg lh plhyh, dhstklln y mhfheh hl pugrtn dgrrheh gkautklkzheh pnr uah dhsh y cugrtn. Fns H. Gspglkus. T.l., 8:22. H.J.T., Ihphs, _lhans y Ekmufns,

73-34.8=H.D.D.I. Lgj. 7;5.


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Iuy pnstgrknrigatg, ga 8;?4, sg prndgek h galnshr eg irinl tneh lhkjlgskh. Gl Hyuathikgatn sg ckzn dhrjn egl galnshen y zdhln eg lh dhpkllh egTha Ikjugl, ikgatrhs qug Ihrh Mrhylgy Jigz dnstg lh snlgrh augvh egltgipln, intkvn pnr gl qug bug animrheh ckfh henptkvh eg Agrfh84. ]gsulth ka-

tgrgshatg egsthdhr gl usn eg pkgerh puekajh, eganikaheh hligaerkllh ga Agr-fh, phrh lns gsdhlnags eg lhs trgs pugrths eg hddgsn dna lhs qug hdtuhligatgdugath gl tgipln, hs dnin phrh lhs plhthbnrihs eg tnens lns hlthrgs.

4.5. Gl rgthmln eg lh Dnadgpdka eg Fns Ihrta eg Hlegcuglh

Ga 8:3= sg kakdk lh katgrvgadka eg Fns Ihrta eg Hlegcuglh, ihgstrnhrquktgdtn y thllksth, ga lh kjlgskh eg Agrfh. Hlegcuglh chmh llgjhen h Ilhjh ga8::; rgdlhihen thimka pnr gl nmkspn Inlkah Lhrkn phrh rghlkzhr lhs dhfhs eglns rjhans dhtgerhlkdkns hatgrknrigatg dkthens y tgrikahrh hbkadaensg ga lhdkuehe enaeg sudgek h Hatnakn ]hins hl brgatg eg lhs nmrhs eg lh dhtgerhl y

rghlkz kipnrthatgs prnygdtns ga gl nmksphen dnin hrquktgdtn y rgthmlksth. Gl 88eg fulkn eg gsg hn sg bkri lh gsdrkturh pnr lh qug Brhadksdn Akdnls Irqugz,durh eg Gl Thlvhenr, gl mgagbkdkhen Ihaugl Inatnrn, lns ihynrenins eg lhscgrihaehegs eg Tha Ikjugl, Augstrh Tgnrh egl ]nshrkn, y Augstrn _hergFgss, ens ihtrkdulhens eg Tha Uglin, hutnrkehegs y ntrns vgdkans, chllaen-sg duhsk bkahlkzheh lh hiplkhdka eg ekdch kjlgskh phrrnqukhl, dnadgrthrna dnaIhrta eg Hlegcuglh y dna Brhadksdn Inrgan, ihgstrn ihynr eg lhs bmrkdhsiganrgs egl nmksphen, lh dnastruddka eg ua rgthmln eg Augstrh Tgnrh eg lhDnadgpdka, ga gl hlthr ihynr, ga prgdkn eg 88.7?? rghlgs eg vglla85.

Gl rgthmln, skiklhr hl qug Hlegcuglh prnygdt ga 8:34 phrh gl hlthr ihynreg lh kjlgskh eg lns Urkakthrkns eg ]naeh, bug egstruken ga 8;42, huaqug chaqugehen hljuahs bntnjrhbhs rghlkzhehs ga hns hatgrknrgs h ekdch bgdch ydnasgrvhehs ga gl Lgjhen Ugimnury. Ga gllhs pnegins vgr uah kaigash i-qukah eg ihegrh nrjhakzheh ga trgs dhllgs blhaqughehs pnr dnluiahs eg dhpk-tgl dnrkatkn y bustg lksn egdnrhen dna tnqugs rndnds qug sg gadugatrha thimkaekstrkmukens pnr gl rgstn egl rgthmln. Lhs dhllgs lhtgrhlgs gsta rgihthehs dnaigehllnags nvhlhens nrahigathens dna dhmgzhs eg ajglgs y ga gllhs sg eks-pnaga sgaehs pghahs phrh kijgags. Lh dhllg dgatrhl gst dnrnaheh pnr uatkdn qug an pugeg sgr hprgdkhen ga lh bntnjrhbh y sg heglhath phrh hlmgrjhr gldhihra eg lh Rkrjga eg lh Dnadgpdka, kihjga htrkmukeh h Bgrahaen Nrtkz,

hskiksin egshphrgdkeh ga 8;42. Gatrg gl rgthmln y gl hlthr ihynr chmh ua th-mgraduln eg hkrg agndlskdn, hljn pnstgrknr hl iksin, ga gl qug sg gadnatrhmhgl shjrhrkn eg lh kjlgskh.

Lh dnastruddka y enrhen egl rgthmln sg prnlnajhrna pnr gsphdkn eg ekgzhns. Ga l, chmh ens dhrtglhs, uah ga lh qug bkjurhmha lns animrgs eg lhspgrsnahlkehegs dkvklgs y rglkjknshs qug prnpkdkhrna su grgddka y ntrh dna lh sk-jukgatg kasdrkpdka6 Tg dnadluy gl enrhen eg gstg rgthmln gl eh : eg ekdkgi-mrg egl hn 8:;= pnr ena _gern Rkegjhka y Dnrrgh h egvndka eg lns vgdkanseg gsth pugmlh87.

84

(H)]DCKRN (I)WAKDK_HL EG (A)G]FH. Lkmrn eg Hdths Dhpktulhrgs eg 8;?4, bnls, :?v-:8v.85H.C._.I. Lgj. _-5:8:, bnls. ===-==4 v.87Ekputhdka _rnvkadkhl eg Ilhjh. Lgjhen Ugimnury. Bntnjrhbh 7.?37 M y bkdch :7.=m).=.=.


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]gthmln eg lh Dnadgpdka (egstruken) ga gl hlthr ihynr eg lhkjlgskh eg Gl Thlvhenr eg Agrfh. Fns Ihrta eg Hlegcuglh y_gern Rkegjhka (8:34-8:;=). Lgjhen Ugimnury. Bntnjrhbh7.?32 P8Y.

Rkrjga eg lh Dnadgpdka(egshphrgdkeh), Kjlgskh eg Gl Thlvh-

enr eg Agrfh. Htrkmukeh h Bgrahaen Nrtkz. Lgjhen Ugimnury.Bntnjrhbh 7.?3; P8Y.


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4.7. Hlthrgs, dhihrkags g kijgags

Ga uah iginrkh egl hn 8338 dnasgrvheh ga gl Hrdckvn Iuakdkphl egAgrfh sg kaekdh qug lh kjlgskh dnathmh gatnadgs dna qukadg hlthrgs6 gl hlthr ih-

ynr n thmgraduln y lns hlthrgs eg Tha Hatnakn eg _heuh, Fgss Ahzhrgan, ThaIkjugl, akihs, Tha Brhadksdn eg _hulh, _urskih Dnadgpdka, Augstrh Tgn-rh eg lns Enlnrgs, Fgss Drudkbkdhen, Tha Fuha Gvhajglksth, Augstrh Tgnrh eglDhriga, Tha Uglin, Augstrh Tgnrh egl ]nshrkn, Tha Hatnakn Hmhe y ThaThlvhenr82. Tka eueh gl hlthr ihynr y gl eg lh _urskih Dnadgpdka grha gliksin, yh qug, dnin cgins vkstn, gsth kihjga sg gadnatrhmh ga gl rgthmlnihynr, y gs pnskmlg qug ga gl tkdn eg gstg rgthmln bkjurhrh uah kihjga eg GlThlvhenr dnrnahaen tneh lh iqukah, pugs Hlgfhaern Mugan ga su ]gsgh cks-trkdh eg lh Rkllh eg Agrfh, pumlkdheh ga 8;?:, rgeudg gl aigrn h trgdg8:.

Huaqug egsdnandgins gl nrega, lns endg hlthrgs ekstkatns egl hlthr ih-

ynr y eg lh Dnadgpdka sg gadnatrhmha6 ens ga dheh mrhzn egl drudgrn, ensis ga lns pklhrgs tnrhlgs snmrg lns qug hpgh gl hrdn trkuabhl, y trgs ga dhehahvg lhtgrhl6 ens ga lh ahvg y uan h lns pkgs eg lh iksih. Dhsk tnens ekspnahaeg rgthmlns qug gaihrdhmha lh kihjga h lh qug gsthmha egekdhens, huaqugdhrgdgins eg kabnrihdka, shlvn ga gl dhsn eg ens eg gllns6 gl eg Tha Fuha ygl eg Tha Uglin.

]gthmln eg Tha Uglin (egstruken) eg lh kjlgskh eg Gl Thlvhenreg Agrfh. Htrkmuken h Fns Ihrta eg Hlegcuglh. Lgjhen Ugi-mnury. Bntnjrhbh 7.?3; P8Y.

82H.I.A. Lgj. Ckstrkdn 8334-8335.8:MWGAN JH]DH, H., ]gsgh!, pj. 5:.


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Egl prkigrn Hlgfhaern Mugan rgsgh qug prndgeh eg lh dhpkllh egl Dhstk-lln Mhfn y grh eg gstkln dcurrkjugrgsdn, ikgatrhs qug egl eg Tha Uglin, qug sggadnatrhmh ga gl drudgrn, pnr gl lhen egl Gvhajglkn, ans dugath qug bug dns-

tghen, hs dnin lh kihjga, dna bnaens eg lh Ihrkah, pugs gstg shatn ch skentrhekdknahligatg vgagrhen pnr lns ahvgjhatgs83. Gstg ltkin, qug hegis pug-eg sgr dnandken pnr uah bntnjrhbh dnasgrvheh ga gl Lgjhen Ugimnury8;, prg-sgath iudchs skiklktuegs dna gl egl hlthr ihynr y dna ntrns rgthmlns eg lh prn-vkadkh htrkmukens h Ihrta eg Hlegcuglh, pnr ln qug iuy mkga pnerh chmgr skennmrh suyh, y egmk gfgduthrsg h phrtkr eg 8:37, uans hns egspus egl rgthmlnihynr. Aheh shmgins eg lns egis. Unens gstns hlthrgs bugrna egstrukens gl=5 eg fulkn eg 8;42 y fnrahehs pnstgrknrgs, trhs gl kakdkn eg lh sumlgvhdka iklkthrdnatrh gl jnmkgran eg lh ]gpmlkdh, hl sgr egshdrhlkzheh lh kjlgskh, eurhatg glinvkikgatn kdnandlhsth qug tuvn lujhr ga gshs bgdchs0 lhs kijgags qug sgvgagrhmha ga lh iksih egshphrgdkgrna n bugrna egstrukehs ga hqugllns sudg-

sns.Hdtuhligatg lh kjlgskh eg Gl Thlvhenr, dugath dna augvg hlthrgs6 gl hlthr

ihynr, ens ga dheh mrhzn egl drudgrn, y ntrns ens ga dheh ahvg lhtgrhl0 heg-is ekspnag eg ens cnrahdkahs sktuhehs ga lns pklhrgs tnrhlgs (lh egl lhen eglGvhajglkn dnatkgag uah kihjga eg lh Rkrjga eg Lufay lh egl lhen eg lh Gpstn-lh ntrh eg lh Rkrjga eg Btkih), ens dhihrkags y uah dhpkllh.

Gl hlthr ihynr dugath dna ua rgthmln agnmhrrndn prgskeken pnr ua Drudk-bkdhen6 gl Drkstn eg lh ]gnlh, hs eganikahen pnr sgr hequkrken ga lh edheh eg8;7? pnr gl pgrsnahl eg lh bmrkdh eg ikgl eg dhh ]KBNL, pnpulhrigatg dnan-

dkeh dnin Lh Ihqukakllh, dna lhs jhahadkhs nmtgakehs dna lh vgath eg lhs rgn-lhs n dhmns eg lh dhh eg hzdhr qug sg egsgdchmha phrh lh prneuddka kaeus-trkhl, huaqug sgrvha eg hlkigatn phrh gl jhahen. H himns lhens egl prgsmktgrkndugljha ua lkgazn egakihsy ntrn ga qug sg rgprgsgath gl Mhutksin eg Drkstn.

H lns pkgs eg lh ahvg egl Gvhajglkn sg chllh gl dhihra eg lh Rkrjga eglns Enlnrgs, dnastruken h bkahlgs egl skjln SRKKK h gxpgashs eg _gern DnrnahenVhimrhah, qukga, hskiksin, ena lh kihjga eg lh Enlnrnsh=?. Gl dhihra, du-mkgrtn dna mvgeh eg duhrtn eg gsbgrh, pnsgg egdnrhdka rndnd, phrdkhligatgrgcgdch, h mhsg eg gspgfns y hplkqugs eg intkvns vgjgthlgs, y mhfn gl iksinsg gadugatrh uah urah qug dnatkgag lh kihjga eg Drkstn [hdgatg. Lh augvh

kihjga eg lh Rkrjga eg lns Enlnrgsgs nmrh egl gsdultnr jrhahekan Hurglkn L-pgz Hzhustrg y bug ua rgjhln rghlkzhen egseg _ugrtn ]kdn pnr Jkleh ]nin.Npugstn h gstg dhihra, ga uan eg lns mrhzns egl drudgrn, sg chllh gl egl Ahzh-rgan, eg dhrhdtgrstkdhs skiklhrgs hl hatgrknr. Lh kihjga eg Augstrn _herg Fg-ss Ahzhrgangs thllh egl kihjkagrn jrhahekan Enikajn Tadcgz Igsh rghlk-zheh ga 8;55. Ga =??= sg kadnrpnr h gstg dhihra lh Rkrjga eg lh Gspgrhazh,nmrh eg Ikjugl Mgfhrhan Inrgan. Lns dhihrkags ekspnaha hathn eg hlthr sk-tuhen h sus pkgs, huaqug cny snln sg dnasgrvh gl egl Ahzhrgan0 egmhfn eggllns bkjurh gl gimlgih eg lh Klustrg y vgagrhmlg Dnbrheh eg Augstrn _herg

83MWGAN JH]DH, H., ]gsgh!, pj. 5:.

8;LGJHEN UGIMNW][, Bntnjrhbh 7.?3: P=Y.=?MWGAN JH]DH, H., ]gsgh!, pj. 57.


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Fgss Ahzhrgan y Ihrh Thatskih eg lns Enlnrgs eg lh qug tnehs gsths ki-jgags sna tktulhrgs6 ua dnrhza llhighatg rgihthen pnr uah druz y rneghen pnruah dnrnah eg gspkahs.

]hthmln agnmhrrndn eg lh kjlgskh eg Gl Thlvhenr egAgrfh y Drkstn eg lh ]gnlh.

Ga lh ahvg egl Gvhajglkn, h dnatkauhdka egl dhihra eg lh Rkrjga eg lnsEnlnrgs, sg gadugatrh gl hlthr y rgthmln eg Tha ]hbhgl, dna dhihra-vktrkah qughlmgrjh lh gsdulturh egl hrdajgl, sgjuken egl eg lh Kaihdulheh Dnadgpdka, ga

gl qug, hegis eg gsth, chy uah kihjga eg Tha Hatnakn Hmhe(thimka dnan-dken pnr Tha Hata). Hddgekgaen hl mrhzn kzqukgren egl drudgrn, gl hlthr eg ThaHatnakn eg _heuh sustktuyg hl hatkjun hlthr eg Tha Uglin. Uhimka dugath dnaua rgthmln dna trgs pgqugns tgiplgtgs0 ga gl egl dgatrn, dnrnahen pnr lh hlg-jnrh eg Lh Bg (iufgr qug pnrth ga sus ihans ua dlkz y uah druz), sg chllh lhkihjga egl shatn pnrtujus0 ga lns tgiplgtgs lhtgrhlgs gsta lhs kijgags egDrkstn ]gsudktheny lh Rkrjga eg lh Hsuadka,tktulhrgs eg lh Dnbrheh eg Fgss]gsudkthen y Ihrh Thatskih eg lh Hsuadka, y ga lh mhsg egl rgthmln uah Rkr-jga egl _klhr.

Ga gl mrhzn egl drudgrn, pnr lh phrtg eg lh Gpstnlh, gsta sktuhens lnshlthrgs egl Thjrhen Dnrhza eg Fgss y eg Tha Fns. Ga gstg ltkin, hegiseg lh egl gspnsn eg Ihrh, chy kijgags eg Thath ]kth eg Dhskh, vgstkeh dna


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gl cmktn agjrn eg lhs hjustkahs dgken dna dkatura y ua drudkbkfn ga lhs ihansy lh gspkah dlhvheh ga lh brgatg, y eg Thath Ludh, hs dnin lh eg Tha KskernLhmrhenr.

Ga lh ahvg eg lh Gpstnlh gl hlthr eg Tha Ikjugl prgsgath cnrahdkah dna

lh kihjga egl shatn phtrnan eg lh lndhlkehe qug sustktuyg h lh hatgrknr egshph-rgdkeh ga 8;42 y htrkmukeh h Bgrahaen Nrtkz0 gl hrdajgl, nmrh egl iksin kihjk-agrn jrhahekan qug gsdulpk lh sgjuaeh kihjga eg lhs trgs qug sg dnandga eglh Rkrjga eg lhs Hajustkhs eg Agrfh, mlhaeg uah gspheh dna lh qug higahzh hua erhja agjrn gadhegahen, simnln egl Eginakn=8. Lg skjug gl hlthr eg lhRkrjga egl Dhriga, nmrh thimka egl iksin gsdultnr qug Tha Ikjugl. H lnspkgs eg gsth ahvg sg gadugatrh Lh Hauadkhdka, uah pkaturh eg jrha thihn egBrhadksdn Cgraaegz bgdcheh ga 8;;?.

Dhihra eg Fgss Ahzhrgan eg lh kjlgskh eg Gl Thlvhenr(Agrfh)

Lh dhpkllh qug nduphmh gl hatkjun hrdckvn phrrnqukhl, sktuheh h lh gatrh-eh egl tgipln, h ihan egrgdch, hlmgrjh lhs kijgags eg Fgss Dhutkvny eg lhRkrjga eg lns Egshiphrhens, tktulhrgs, dnin yh ekfkins, eg lh prndnbrheh egliksin animrg, nmrh egl kihjkagrn vglgn Ksrhgl Dnragfn. Fuatn h gllhs dugljhua Drudkbkdhenga mrnadg egl gsdultnr Hurglkn Ugan.

4.2. _katurhs iurhlgs egshphrgdkehs y hzulgfns=8JH]DH, I., _rnygddka gspkrktuhl eg Agrfh ga Hirkdh, Agrfh, ndtumrg 8;7?.


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Lh kjlgskh eg Gl Thlvhenr, dnin ntrns iudcns tgiplns mhrrndns, gsthmhegdnrheh ga su katgrknr dna pkaturhs iurhlgs. Chsth lh edheh eg 8;:? pnehahprgdkhrsg ajglgs pnrthenrgs eg lns simnlns eg lh _hska, pkathens ga jrksh-llh, y rnlgns ga lns iurns eg uah eg lhs ahvgs lhtgrhlgs, y ga hljuah bntnjrhbh

eg lh edheh eg 8;4? lh prnbush egdnrhdka pkdtrkdh dna intkvns vgjgthlgs eghkrg rndnd qug rneghmh gl dhihra egl Ahzhrgan. Jrha phrtg eg gshs pkaturhsbugrna gadhlhehs trhs lh Jugrrh Dkvkl y lns rgstns qug qugehmha eg gllhs egsh-phrgdkgrna ga lhs ltkihs nmrhs llgvhehs h dhmn ga lh kjlgskh, bkahlkzhehs ga8;;: y ga lh qug sg hhekgrna augvns shlnags phrrnqukhlgs y vkvkgaeh phrh glprrndn.

Hegis lh kjlgskh dugath dna ua Rh Drudks dgrikdn kadnrpnrhen trhslhs igadknahehs nmrhs eg rgbnrih y uah phagl eg hzulgfns sktuhen ga lh bh-dcheh, snmrg lh pugrth prkadkphl. Ga gstns hzulgfns sg rgprgsgath gl tgih eg lhUrhasbkjurhdka, rgdnjken ga lns gvhajglkns6 Fgss, llgvhaen dnaskjn h _gern,

Thatkhjn y h su cgrihan Fuha, sg trhslhe h ua inatg hltn enaeg sg trhasbkju-r hatg gllns dnavkrtkaensg ga uah bkjurh eg luz vgstkeh eg mlhadn. Gatnadgs sglgs hphrgdkgrna Inkss y Glhs qug dnavgrshmha dna l, inigatn ga qug _g-ern lg ekfn6 Tgnr, mugan gs gsthrans hqu (It 8:, 8-5). Gstg gs prgdkshigatggl lgih ga lgajuh lhtkah qug pugeg lggrsg ga lh bklhdtgrkh ga gl phagl6 Enikagmnaui gst ans ckd gssg.

4.:. Lhs dhiphahs eg lh kjlgskh

Lh prkigrh dhiphah qug sg kasthl ga lh kjlgskh duhaen gsth ha dhrgdheg tnrrg-dhiphahrkn bug ua gsqukla qug sg dnasgrv chsth 833? ga gl qug sglgh lh kasdrkpdka Dhiphah egl Dhstklln==. H phrtkr eg lh dnastruddka eg lhtnrrg gl tgipln egmk dnathr dna ua fugjn eg trgs dhiphahs h lhs qug sg hhekuah duhrth duhaen sg kasthl gl rglnf pmlkdn, huaqug an pnsggins is qugkabnrihdka kaekrgdth snmrg gllhs.

Ga 83:3 lhs dhiphahs gsthmha iuy egtgrknrhehs y gstn jgagrhmh uaprnmlgih is kipnrthatg egl qug pnerh supnagrsg, an snln pnrqug an sg nhalhs llhihehs h lns hdtns rglkjknsns, skan thimka pnrqug an sg nh ga lh vgjh lhegl rglnf, kiprgsdkaekmlg phrh lh rgjulhdka eg lns rkgjns y phrh ihrdhr gl rktineg lhs thrghs hjrdnlhs, sgja rgdnandh gl prnpkn Hyuathikgatn eg Agrfh. Hatg

lh bhlth eg bnaens, h lh enahdka eg hljuans vgdkans y egl Hyuathikgatn sg su-i lh dnatrkmudka egl bnaen eg ihatgakikgatn eg lh kjlgskh. Lhs dhiphahsdhsdhehs bugrna egsdnljhehs gl : eg ekdkgimrg eg 83:; y gl 85 eg gagrn eg833? yh chmha sken buaekehs eg augvn pnr ]hia ]kvhs, ihgstrn buaekenr egIlhjh=4.

_nstgrknrigatg sg ch ken llgvhaen h dhmn lh rgbuaekdka eg hljuahs eggllhs, dnabnrig kmha egtgrknraensg, gadnatraensg ga usn lhs duhtrn ga lhhdtuhlkehe. Gsths dhiphahs sna lhs skjukgatgs6

==

MWGAN JH]DH, H.,Hpuatgs ckstrkdns eg Agrfh, Rlgz-Ilhjh, 83;;, pj. =3.=4H.I.A., Lgj. Ckstrkdn 83??-837?.


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Ga gl vhan gstg lh Gl Thlvhenr, buaekeh ga 8;5? ga lh buaekdka eg Bgr-ahaen Rkllhaugvh Tgaz, eg Rkllhaugvh eg lh Tgrgah (Mhehfnz), pnr gadhrjn eglprrndn Ikjugl Ihrta. Ga gl vhan anrtg lh Augstrh Tgnrh eg lhs Hajustkhs,egl iksin buaekenr, bgdch y gadhrjn qug lh hatgrknr. Ga gl lhen ngstg lh ThaHata, buaekeh ga Dhrhmhadcgl Mhfn (Iherke) ga 8;=7 pnr lh buaekdka eg

Dnasthatkan eg Lkahrgs Nrtkz0 bug uah enahdka eg lns ckfns eg Agrfh eg ThaFuha eg lh Hrjgatkah, sgja rgzh uah kasdrkpdka ga lh iksih, skgaen prrndnJgrakin Mugan0 gsth dhiphah sg rgbuaek ga 8;;2 ga lh buaekdka Ckfn egIhaugl ]nshs, eg Unrrgenafkigan (Fha). _nr ltkin, ga gl vhan sur sg ga-dugatrh lh Thath Ugrgskth, enaheh pnr gl prrndn Hlbnasn Hrfnah y buaekeh ga8;;: pnr gl iksin buaekenr qug lh hatgrknr.

Dhiphah Augstrh Tgnrh eg lhs Hajustkhs, sktuheh ga glvhan anrtg egl dhiphahrkn eg lh kjlgskh eg Gl Thlvhenr (Agr-

fh)

4.3. Gl dgigatgrkn phrrnqukhl

Chsth qug gl rgy Dhrlns KKK, dna gl akin eg llgvhr h lh prdtkdh lhs keghseg ckjkgag y shlue pmlkdh egbgaekehs pnr lns klustrhens, pnr ]ghl Deulh eg 4eg hmrkl eg 8:3: gsthmlgdkgrh lh nmlkjhdka eg kacuihr lns dhevgrgs ga dg-igatgrkns sktuhens gxtrhiurns eg lhs pnmlhdknags, gstns sg rghlkzhmha ga glkatgrknr eg lhs kjlgskhs n ga dgigatgrkns phrrnqukhlgs hagfns h lhs iksihs. Annmsthatg, lh igekeh an sg kiplhat eg kaigekhtn ak eg ihagrh jgagrhlkzheh,skan qug sg bug hplkdhaen phulhtkahigatg, snmrg tnen egseg dnikgazns eglskjln SKS.


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Lns gatgrrhikgatns ga Agrfh sg llgvhmha h dhmn ga gl dgigatgrkn eg lhphrrnqukh qug sg gadnatrhmh ga gl gxtgrknr, ga gl snlhr utklkzhen phrh lh hiplkh-dka eg lh kjlgskh. Chmh sgpulturhs ga tkgrrh y hegis gxksth, y gxkstg ha, uahdrkpth gimnvgeheh y ua dnrrgenr sumtgrragn, h inen eg dhthduimh, ga glqug sg gadugatrha ekbgrgatgs akdcns0 tnen glln ch sken enduigathen ga uah

pumlkdhdka rgdkgatg pnr _hmln ]nfn=5

. Tka eueh, gstg gsphdkn buagrhrkn gxtgranfuatn h lh dhmgdgrh eg lh kjlgskh gxksth yh ga gl inigatn eg lh hiplkhdka eg lhiksih y duhaen gsth bkahlkz ga 8:3= uah phrtg kipnrthatg, an tneh, egl dg-igatgrkn quge ndupheh pnr gl gekbkdkn, y lh gatrheh h lh drkpth y dnrrgenr qug-e sktuheh ga gl katgrknr eg lh kjlgskh, fusthigatg ga gl drudgrn.

Duhaen ga 83?5, dnin dnasgdugadkh eg lh gpkegikh eg bkgmrg hihrkllhqug hsnlhmh lh rgjka, sg hmrk gl prkigr dgigatgrkn qug tuvn Agrfh bugrh eg lhpnmlhdka ga ua tgrrgan dgeken phrh glln pnr _gern Dnrnahen Vhimrhah, dgr-dhan h lh grikth eg lhs Hajustkhs y hdtuhligatg nduphen pnr gl Duhrtgl eg lhJuhrekh Dkvkl, lns gatgrrhikgatns egfhrna eg chdgrsg ga gl dgigatgrkn phrrn-

qukhl. Ga lns hljn is eg vgkatg hns qug sgphrha lh hiplkhdka egl tgipln eglh hpgrturh egl dgigatgrkn gxtrhiurns, sg skjuk sgpulthaen h lns ekbuatns ga gldkthen sumtgrragn y ga znahs eg tkgrrh qug ha qugehmha ska nduphr. Ikgatrhssg gfgduthmha lhs ltkihs nmrhs eg rgbnrih eg lh kjlgskh, qug bugrna mgaegdk-ehs ga 8;;:, sgjuha egsgatgrraensg rgstns ga gl snlhr qug cny ndupha lnsaugvns shlnags phrrnqukhlgs.

Tglln eg tkath eg lh phrrnqukh eg Gl Thlvhenr eg Agrfh (hn 83:;)

=5]NFN _LHUG]N, _., Ckstnrkh kaslkth eg Agrfh, Ilhjh, =?8=, pjs. 858-85;.


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