La narración y la descripción en el pasado (II)

Past subjunctive

Review Conditional Tense

• Conditional Tense means would. • For Regular verbs add these endings onto

infinitives:

-ía -íamos

-ías -íais

-ía -ían

Review Conditional Tense

hablar- would speak decir (dir-)- would say

hablaría hablaríamos diría diríamos

hablarías hablaríais dirías diríais

hablaría hablarían diría dirían

Review Conditional Irregular Verbs

• Irregular verbs use the same endings but have irregular stems:

• These verbs have completely irregular stems:

decir dir-

hacer har-

Review Conditional Irregular Verbs

Infinitive stem drops Infinitive stem drops the final

the final vowel: vowel and replaces it with a d:

caber cabr- poner pondr-

haber habr- salir saldr-

poder podr- tener tendr-

querer querr- valer valdr-

saber sabr- venir vendr-

Forming the Past Subjunctive

The imperfect past subjunctive is formed by:

1. Conjugate the verb in ellos form preterite tense.

2. Drop the –on3. Add -a -amos (put an accent on last vowel of the stem)

-as -áis-a -an

Irregular Preterite Forms

andar anduvieron poder pudieroncaber cupieron poner pusieroncreer creyeron querer quisierondar dieron saber supierondecir dijeron ser fueronestar estuvieron tener tuvieronhacer hicieron traer trajeronir fueron venir vinieron

The Past Subjunctive

caminar

caminaraa caminááramosamos

caminarasas caminaraisais

caminaraa caminaranan

beber

bebieraa bebiééramosamos

bebierasas bebieraisais

bebieraa bebieranan

The Past Subjunctive

irfueraa fuééramosamosfuerasas fueraisaisfueraa fueranan

dormirdurmieraa durmiééramosamosdurmierasas durmieraisaisdurmieraa durmieranan

The Past Subjunctive

Independent Clause Dependent Clause

• Present Indicative Present• Future Indicative Subjunctive

• Past Indicative Past

(aka preterite & imperfect) Subjunctive• Conditional

Si clauses- Indicative• Si Marcos estáestá en su cuarto, está

escuchando música. – If Marcos is in his room, he is listening to music.

• Si tengotengo bastante dinero, compraré una moto. – If I have enough money, I will buy a motorcycle.

Note: both of these “if” clauses convey the idea that the result caused by the conditional (si) clause is positive.

The Past SubjunctiveSi clauses

1. The imperfect subjunctive (or pluperfect) is used in an “if” clause to express a hypothetical, contrary-to-fact statement.

Si quisieraquisiera la cámara, la habría comprado.

If I wanted the camera, I would buy it. (I don´t want it)

The Past SubjunctiveSi clauses

• The imperfect subjunctive (or pluperfect) is also used after como si, meaning as if.

Le preguntaron a José como si él como si él supierasupiera todas las respuestas.

They asked José as if he knew all the answers. (He doesn´t know all of them.)

Sequencing of Tenses- if clauses

“if” clause Result clause

Present Indicative Present IndicativeSi el libro es caro, yo no lo compro.

If the book is expensive, I don’t buy it.

Present Indicative Future (Indicative)Si el libro es caro, yo no lo compraré.

If the book is expensive, I will not buy it.

Sequencing of Tenses- if clauses

“if” clause Result clause

Imperfect Subjunctive Conditional IndicativeSi el libro fuera caro, yo no lo compraría.

If the book were expensive, I wouldn´t buy it.

Plueperfect Subjunctive Conditional Perfect Indicative

Si el libro hubiera sido caro, yo no lo habría comprado.

If the book had been expensive, I wouldn´t have bought it.