LIBRO METODOS 2014.docx

7/21/2019 LIBRO METODOS 2014.docx

1/48

N[]^MOD MNJ ]PC@CLD]ndrc y prktokc. Vroanrc Nmokoe

Lds Cuiustd Crocs Vottace

^EOWNP[OMCM ECKODECJLD[N GC^[]OED [CEKBN\ KCPPODE

066?


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Nstumod mnj ]rc`cld 0636

Ld sCrocs Vottace Gcku jtcm mn Oei neonrc

0

N[]^MOD MNJ ]PC@CLDKDE]NEOMD

OE]PDM^KKOE

KCVO]^JD O JC VPDM^K]OWOMCM _ JC OEM^[]POC

3.3 JC OAVDP]CEKOC MN JC VPDM^K]OWOMCM3.0 VPDM^K]OOWOMCM _ EOWNJ MN WOMC3.; KDEMOKODEN[ ENKN[CPOC[ VCPC Ê EOWNJ MN WOMC AEOAD CKNV]C@JN3.= JC VPDM^K]OWOMCM MN[MN NJ VÊ]D MN WO[]C ]NKEOKD.3.> MN MDEMN WONEN JC VPDM^K]OWOMCM MN ÊC DPICEO\CKOE D CK]OWOMCM

KCVO]^JD OO N[]^MOD MN AN]DMD[

0.3 OE]PDM^KKOE0.0 MNGOEOKODE MN OEINEONPOC MN AN]DMD[.0.; GC[N[ MNJ N[]^MOD MN AN]DMD[0.= MOCIPCAC MN DVNPCKODEN[ MNJ VPDKN[D0.= MOCIPCAC MN CECJO[O[ MNJ VPDKN[D

KCVO]^JD OOO N[]^MOD MN ]ONAVD[ _ ADWOAONE]D[

;.3 NSÔVD[ VCPC NJ N[]^MOD MN ]ONAVD[;.0 ACSÔEC[ PNIO[]PCMDPC[ MN ]ONAVD[;.; NSÔVD KOENAC]DIPGOKD _ MN WOMNDKOE]C;.= ]C@JNPD VDP]]OJ VCPC NJ N[]^MOD MN ]ONAVD[;.> GDPAC[ OAVPN[C[ VCPC N[]^MOD MN ]ONAVD[

KCVO]^JD OW KPDEDAN]PCLN

=. 3 PNSÔ[O]D[ MNJ N[]^MOD MN ]ONAVD[

=.0 [NJNKKOE MNJ DVNPCPOD=.; CEJO[O[ MN AC]NPOCJN[ _ A]DMD[=.= PNIO[]PD MN OEGDPACKOE [OIEOGOKC]OWC=.> KDJDKCKOE D NAVJC\CAONE]D MNJ D@[NPWCMDP=.7 MOWO[OE MN JC DVNPCKOE NE NJNANE]D[=.7 ]DAC MN ]ONAVD[=.9 PNIO[]PD MNJ ]ONAVD MN KCMC NJNANE]D=.2 EÂNPD MN KOKJD[ C N[]^MOCP=.? VPDKNMOAONE]D[ MN N[]^MOD[ MN ]ONAVD[

KCVO]^JD W KCJOGOKCKODE MN JC CK]^CKODE MNJ ]PC@CLCMDP

>. 3 KCJOGOKCKOE MN JC CK]^CKOE MNJ DVNPCPOD. 0 KCJOGOKCKOE MN JC CK]^CKOE.>. ; A]DMD MN KCJOGOKCKOENLNAVJD

KCVO]^JD WO ]ONAVD N[]CEMCP

7.3 CVJOKCKOE MN APINEN[ D ]DJNPCEKOC[.; ]ONAVD EDPACJ.>.= ]ONAVD N[]EMCP.

KCVO]^JD WOO A^N[]PND MNJ ]PC@CLD

9.3 OE]PDM^KKOE9.0 D@LN]OWD9.; MNGOEOKOE.9.= NJ NPPDP MN A^N[]PND.9.> KCPK]NP ED PNVPN[NE]C]OWD MNJ A^N[]PND MNJ ][email protected] VPDKNMOAONE]D VPK]OKD VCPC NJ MN[CPPDJJD MN A^N[]PND MN ]PC@CLD

9.2 I^C MN VPK]OKC< [OA^JCKOE MN E A^N[]PND MN ][email protected].? MN[CPPDJJD MN Ê VPDIPCAC NE KDAV^]D@O@JODIPCGC


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Ld sCrocs Vottace Gcku jtcm mn Oei neonrc

=

OE]PDM^KKOE

Jds traoeds cejosos mn dpnrckodens, soapjogokckoe mnj trc`cld n oeineonrc mn atdmds sn utojozcekde grnkunekoc kdad soeeoads. Ne jc acydr pcrtn mn jds kcsds sn rngonrne c uec tkeokc pcrccuanetcr jc prdmukkoe pdr ueomcm mn tonapd y, ne kdesnkunekoc, rnmukor nj kdstd pdr ueomcm.

Ne 3?;0, nj traoed "Oeineonrc mn Atdmds" gun mnscrrdjjcmd y utojozcmd pdr B.@. Acyecrm * y suscsdkocmds, qunmcemd mngoeomd kde jcs soiuonetns pcjc`rcs

KCV]^JD O

JC VPDM^K]OWOMCM

_ JC OEM^[]POC

Nj prnsnetn trc`cld aunstrc jc oapdrtcekoc qun tonen nj nsgunrzd mn tonapds ne uec mntnraoecmc naprnsc coestotukoe pcrc golcr, tonapds nstemcr ne jds qun sn bckne d`snrvckodens, kdad kde nj aunstrd mnj trc`cld, coetnrvcjds cjnctdrods (ne juicr mn bcknrjd kdetoeucanetn) murcetn ue pnrodmd nxtnesd.

Kcmc d`snrvckoe, kdad kde nj aunstrnd mn trc`cld, sn kjcsogokc ne uec kctnidrc. [oe na`crid jcs kctnidrcsmogonrne mnj dkod, rnpdsd, ntk. [de jcs ueomcmns mn trc`cld, mn sniuemd, tnrknr y kucrtd drmne8 csdkocmds kde jccktovomcm d`snrvcmc.

3.3 JC OAVDP]CEKOC MN JC VPDM^K]OWOMCM

Nj oestruanetd guemcanetcj qun droioec uec acydr prdmuktovomcm ns jc utojozckoe mn atdmds, nj nstumod mntonapds y ue sostnac mn pcid mn scjcrods. [n mn`n kdaprnemnr kjcrcanetn qun tdmds jds cspnktds mn ueenidkod d oemustroc -vnetcs, goecezcs, prdmukkoe, oeineonrc, kdstds, acetneoaonetd y cmaoeostrckoe- sde rncsgrtojns pcrc jc cpjokckoe mn atdmds, nstumod mn tonapds y sostnacs cmnkucmds mn pcid mn scjcrods.

Jc snkkoe mn prdmukkoe mn uec oemustroc punmn kdesomnrcrsn kdad nj kdrcze mn jc aosac, y so jc cktovomcm mnnstc snkkoe sn oetnrruaponsn, tdmc jc naprnsc mnlcrc mn snr prdmuktovc. [o sn kdesomnrc cj mnpcrtcanetd mnprdmukkoe kdad nj kdrcze mn uec naprnsc oemustrocj, jcs cktovomcmns mn atdmds, nstumod mn tonapds yscjcrods sde nj kdrcze mnj irupd mn gc`rokckoe.

Nj d`lntovd mn ue inrnetn mn prdmukkoe ns d`tnenr ue prdmuktd mn kcjomcm, dpdrtuecanetn y cj anedr kdstdpdso`jn, kde oevnrsoe aeoac mn kcpotcj y kde ue axoad mn sctosgckkoe mn sus napjncmds.

3.0 VPDM^K]OOWOMCM _ EOWNJ MN WOMC

Nj eovnj mn vomc mn ue bda`rn ns jc anmomc ne qun stn punmn prdpdrkodecrsn cs aosad y c su gcaojoc, jdenknscrod pcrc sustnetcrns y mosgrutcr mn jc nxostnekoc.

Nj eovnj mn vomc mnj bda`rn anmod d mn jc gcaojoc rnprnsnetctovc ne jds mognrnetns pcsns mnj auemd vcrcircemnanetn8 sn punmn cprnkocr qun pdr nlnapjd uec pnrsdec kdesomnrcmc pd`rn ne NN. ^^. D ne NurdpcDkkomnetcj, snrc tneomc pdr rokc ne dtrcs rniodens mnj auemd. Ne inenrcj sde tdmcvc aukbds jds pcsns ne qunnj bda`rn anmod sctosgckn c murcs pnecs sus enknsomcmns as cprnaocetns y mdemn j y su gcaojoc rcrcs vnknsjdirce sckocr nj bca`rn pdr kdapjntd, vnstorsn cmnkucmcanetn d mosgrutcr mn uec vovonemc kadmc y scjumc`jn.

3.; KDEMOKODEN[ ENKN[CPOC[ VCPC ^E EOWNJ MN WOMC AEOAD CKNV]C@JN

Jcs enknsomcmns qun mn`ne bcjjcrsn ku`onrtcs pdr nj eovnj mn vomc aeoad mnkdrdsd sde jcs soiuonetns


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Ld sCrocs Vott ace Gcku jtcm mn Oei neonrc

0=

`) NJ A]DMD KDE]OE^D0.

Jc acenkojjc pnqunc mnj anmomdr oemokcr nj aoeutds trceskurromds, mn admd qun nj d`snrvcmdr punmnrnkurror c njjc pnromokcanetn, pcrc vnrogokcr jc proanrc kogrc kdrrnktc c rniostrcr mnspus mn qun jcacenkojjc ircemn pcs pdr knrd. Vdr nlnapjd mnspus mn bc`nr trceskurromd 00 aoe. Ne ue nstumod mcmd,nj d`snrvcmdr punmn bc`nr djvomcmd so nj vcjdr qun tonen qun cedtcr mnspus mn jc tnraoeckoe mnjnjnanetd qun d`snrvc, mn`n nstcr prnknmomd mn 00 d mn 03. Kde ue vostczd c jc acenkojjc pnqunc mn sukrdeantrd sn mcr kunetc mn qun sn bc advomd mnspus mnj 00, oemokemdjn qun nstn eanrd (00) ns njprngold kdrrnktd mn jc jnkturc c cedtcr.

]dmcs jcs jnkturcs krdedatrokcs sn cedtce ne drmne kdesnkutovd ne jc kdjuaec J bcstc kdapjntcr njkokjd. Jds kokjds su`soiuonetns sde nstumocmds ne gdrac snanlcetn y sn rniostrce sus vcjdrns njnanetcjns.


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0>

Jnkturcs kdesnkutovcs mn JnkturcsKrdeantrd ne mnkoacjns mn aoeutd Pniostrcmcs

6.62 ................................................................. 26.0> ................................................................. 0>3.;0 .............. ................ ................ .............. .... 3;03.;> ................................................................ ;>

3.=3 ................................................................ =30.63 .............. ................ ................ .............. .... 0630.36 ................................................................ 360.3> ................................................................ 3>0.93 ................................................................ 93;.6> .............. ................ ................ .............. .... ;6>;.39 ................................................................ 39;.0> ................................................................ 0>

=.2 E^ANPD MN KOKJD[ C N[]^MOCP jnkturcs mn ue konrtd njnanetd oemokce ne uec aunstrc qun% mn kdegocezc

Ns pdso`jn mntnraoecr E qun ns nj eanrd rnqunromd mn jnkturcs d nj eanrd mn kokjds mn ue njnanetd * 6.;6 )0E 1 3>0 d`snrvckodens

Mdemn< s < mnsvockoe nstemcrt < mostro`ukoe nstcmstokcx < anmoc (]onapd Anmod)h < pdrknetcln mn jc mnskdegocezc

=.? VPDKNMOAONE]D[ MN N[]^MOD[ MN ]ONAVD[.

Nj prdknmoaonetd mnj nstumod mn tonapds sn bc rnmukomd c 36 pcsds. Nj gdraujcrod rnspnktovd nstmosncmd pcrc cyumcr cj nspnkocjostc c nlnkutcr tcjns pcsds ne jc snkunekoc cmnkucmc (jc goiurc aunstrcue gdraujcrod mn nstumods mn tonapds ne `jcekd, kde eanrds korkujcmds). Nstc snkkoe nst driceozcmc

mn ckunrmd kde jc soiuonetn snkunekoc mn 36 pcsds< Bcknr jc nxtnesoe mnj nstumod mn tonapds.

Vcsd 7< Mntnraoecr nj eanrd mn kokjds pdr krdedantrcr.Vcsd 9< Kcjogokcr, eovnjcr y edracjozcr nj mnsnapnd mnj dpnrcmdr.Vcsd 2< Cpjokcr tdjnrcekocs.Vcsd ?< Wnrogokcr jc jiokc.


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07

Vcsd 36< Vu`jokcr nj nstemcr mn tonapds.

Ne kcmc pcsd sn mngoene jds rnkucmrds cmnkucmds mnj gdraujcrod. Nj eanrd korkujcmd sn rngonrn cjrnkucmrd mnj gdraujcrod. Nj gdraujcrod nst mosncmd tcetd pcrc jcs tkeokcs mn nstumod mn tonapdskdetoeuds kdad mn rnstc`jnkoaonetd rpomd. ]dmd ns nxcktcanetn oiucj c nxknpkoe mnj rnkucmrd (37)

VC[D 3< [NJNKKODEN NJ ]PC@CLD S^N [N WC C N[]^MOCP.

Jcs sdjokotumns mn ue nstumod mn tonapds vonene mn tdmcs pcrtns7 3.0; 3.?6 0.>9 ;.0;

N

Mnskcricr y P 6.77 3.;; 0.63 0.79 ;.;0

mnlcr ue jcmd N

NLNAVJD MN PN[]C@JNKOAONE]D PCVOMD

KOKJD[ 3 0 ; = >

P

Kcricr y sulntcr N 6.37 6.39 6.39 6.37 6.37

PDpnrcr acquoec N 6.=6 6.=6 6.=6 6.=6 6.=6

Mnskcricr y P

mnlcr ue jcmd N 6.36 6.36 6.33 6.36 6.6?


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02

crotatokc. Ne jc tkeokc mn nstumods mn tonapds mn rnstc`jnkoaonetd rpomd, kde jc bojnrc "P" sn kcjogokccj dpnrcmdr ne kcmc ued mn jds njnanetds mnj trc`cld (cecjozcrnads nstd kde acydr mntcjjn kucemdvncads jcs snkkodens mn kcjogokckoe, eovnjckoe y edracjozckoe).

VC[D >< NR]NE[OE MNJ N[]^MOD MN ]ONAVD[.

_c qun sn bce tdacmd jds tonapds mnj nstumod, naponzc nj vnrmcmnrd trc`cld. Nj atdmd kdetoeud tonen

ue pcsd mn as ne kdapcrckoe kde nj mn rnstc`jnkoaonetd rpomd, pdr jd qun eds kdeknetrcrnads nenj atdmd kdetoeud(37) Pnstn jnkturc cetnrodr mn kcmc uec mn jcs jnkturcs. Jc jnkturc prnvoc mnj njnanetd nrc su tonapd mntnraoeckoe y nj proekopod mn nstn njnanetd. Jc sustrckkoe mnj tonapd mn oeokod mnj tonapd mntnraoeckoe eds mc nj tonapd mnj njnanetd.(39) ]dtcj /kokjds. Nstn puetd sn rngonrn cj tonapd tdtcj mn jds kokjds krdedantrcmds cprdpocmds. Cjiuedskokjds punmne snr njoaoecmds, pdrqun oekjuyne cjid qun ed rngjnlc nj tonapd njnanetcj. Nstds njnanetdssn korkujce. Jds njnanetds korkujcmds sn suproane pcrc kdesomnrckodens guturcs. Jds kokjds sde njeanrd mn tonapds njnanetcjns cpjokc`jns oekjuomds ne nj tonapd tdtcj.(32) ]onapd prdanmod. Nj tonapd prdanmod ns nj rnsujtcmd mn movomor nj tonapd tdtcj netrn nj eanrd mnkokjds. Ne eunstrd jtoad nlnapjd trceskurronrde, ne prdanmod, .=6 aoeutds mn tonapd mn aquoec.(3?) % P. Jc kcjogokckoe pdrknetucj sn rngonrn ne eunstrc dpoeoe c jc rcpomnz kde qun sn mnsnevunjvnnj dpnrcmdr. Jc kcjogokckoe movomomc netrn 366 y aujtopjokcmc pdr nj tonapd prdanmod ns oiucj cj tonapd

edracj..

(06) ]onapd edracj. Nj tonapd edracj sn mngoen kdad nj tonapd qun mnadrc ue dpnrcmdr edracjtrc`clcemd c rotad kadmd ne prdmukor uec pcrtn. Nj tonapd edracj sn kcjkujc crro`c y sn nxpjokctca`oe ne nj pcsd (00).(03) Grnkunekoc. Jc grnkunekoc oemokc kuetcs vnkns sn jjnvc c kc`d uec tcrnc8 pdr nlnapjd< sckcr3,666 pcrtns mn jc nstckoe mn trc`cld, trcsjcmcr jc toec vckc cj dtrd jcmd mn jc nstckoe y trcnrjc jjnec

kde 3,666 pcrtns eunvcs, sjd dkurrorc uec vnz ne 3,666 kokjds (3/3,666). [o nj kdetrdj mn kcjomcm jnpomonrc cj dpnrcmdr qun oespnkkodecrc uec ponzc mn kcmc 36, ne nstc kdjuaec sn kdjdkcrc 3/36. Nj usdmn acydr oapdrtcekoc mn nstc kdjuaec ns kucemd nj dpnrcmdr bckn mds ponzcs c jc vnz8 netdekns sncedtc j. [o jd qun mn`n or ne jc kdjuaec ns t, sn punmn mnlcr vckc.(00) ]onapd edracj ueotcrod. Nj tonapd edracj ueotcrod sn kcjkujc aujtopjokcemd jc grnkunekoc pdr njtonapd edracj.

]dmds jds njnanetds mn`ne rngjnlcr nj tonapd pcrc prdmukor uec ueomcm mn prdmukkoe. Ecmon mnsnc uenstemcr pcrc pcrnlcs, y anzkjcr jc grnkunekoc mn jcs ueomcmns eds jjnvcr c acjds nstemcrns mntonapd. Cqu bcy qun tnenr kuomcmd.

VC[D 7< MN]NPAOEN NJ EANPD MN KOKJD[ C KPDEDAN]PCP.

]ONAVD EDPACJ GPNK^NEKOC ]ONAVD EDPACJ^EO]CPOD

3.376 * 3/3666 6.663 aoeutds6.=66 * 3/36 6.6=6 aoeutds

6.366 * 3/0 6.6>6 aoeutds6.6>6 * 3/3 6.6>6 aoeutds


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0?

Jc prnkosoe mnj nstumod mn tonapds mnpnemn mnj eanrd mn kokjds krdedantrcmds. Kucetds as kokjdssn nstumone, as prnkosd snr nj nstumod. Vrktokcanetn ne tdmd nj trc`cld mn nstumod mn tonapds snprdpden uec prnkosoe mn %, kde ue eovnj mn kdegocezc mnj ?>%, pdr jd qun jc prniuetc ns kuetdskokjds bcy qun nstumocr pcrc jjnicr c nstn ircmd mn prnkosoe4

E 1 Eanrd mn kokjds mnj nstumod mn tonapds.P1 Pceid mn jc aunstrc mn d`snrvckodens (vcjdr as cjtd mn jds mctds njnanetcjns aneds nj vcjdras `cld).C1 Vrnkosoe rnqunromc (+->% d +-36%) (mn`n bcknrsn jc nxtnesoe kdad ue mnkoacj+-.6> d +-.36, ntk.).m01 Kdestcetn utojozcmc pcrc nstoacr jc mnsvockoe nstemcr mn uec aunstrc. Ns uecguekoe mnj tcacd mn jc aunstrc. Mn`n d`tnenrsn mn uec tc`jc nstcmstokc.

x 1 Vrdanmod crotatokd8 suac mn jcs d`snrvckodens movomomc netrn su eanrd.NLNAVJD< Kdegocezc mnj ?>% prnkosoe +->% ,Jnkturcs .62, .69, .6?, .36, .69, .33, .62, .69Pceid 1 .33 - .69 1 .6= Vrnkosoe rnqunromc 1 .6> ) Nj as cjtd.(07) Jc tc`jc mn gcktdrns.

Nj prdknmoaonetd pcrc mntnraoecr nj eanrd mn kokjds qun sn mn`n krdedantrcr ns kdad soiun kokjds ns 9.0 kokjds8 pdr jd qun snr enknscrod krdedantrcr 0; kokjds (9.0 + 3>1 00.0). Vcrc tnenr ue nstumod mn tonapds mn ?>%+->% mn prnkosoe, nj nspnkocjostc mn`nr rnirnscrcj trc`cld y anmor dtrds 3; kokjds.

[de pdso`jns gcktdrns ne nxknsd mn 3.6, kdad jd aunstrce jcs mds irgokcs, pnrd nj kdstd snrc auynjnvcmd. [niurcanetn cjid nst acj so ustnm tonen ue gcktdr ne nxknsd mn 3.6 (quoz njdpnrcmdr d quone rncjozc nj nstumod kcrnkne mn nxpnronekoc).

Mostroùkoe edracj

Nj eanrd mn kokjds qun sn mn`n krdedantrcr sn `csc ne jcs jnyns mn jc prd`còjomcm, kdad jd ckjcrcjc kurvc mn mostroùkoe edracj. [o rnueorcads mctds mn kucjquonr kcrcktnrstokc mn ue irupd ircemnmn oemovomuds d aomorcads konrtd cspnktd mn ue eanrd ircemn mn kdapdenetns y c kdetoeuckoetrczrcads jc grnkunekoc mn kcmc d`snrvckoe, jc mostroùkoe rnsujtcetn cmdptcrc jc gdrac mn ueckurvc soatrokc ne gdrac mn kcapcec. Nstc mostroùkoe sn kdedkn kdad mostroùkoe edracj d mnIcuss.

Ns gkoj kdaprnemnr jcs mostroùkodens edracjns. Ne nsds kcsds, jc acydr pcrtn mn jds vcjdrns nstecirupcmds cjrnmnmdr mn ue vcjdr knetrcj d prdanmod. Kdegdran mogonrne mn nstn vcjdr prdanmod y njtcacd mn jc mognrnekoc cuanetc, sn rnmukn su grnkunekoc u dkurrnekoc.


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;3

Mnsvockoe nstemcr

Ne kucjquonr mostroùkoe edracj, nj prdanmod oemokc nj vcjdr knetrcj (cjrnmnmdr mnj qun sn cirupce jcacydr pcrtn mn jds mctds) pnrd ed qu tce vcroc`jns d mostroùomds nste.Jc kogrc qun oemokc nj ircmd mn vcrocòjomcm d mn mospnrsoe mn uec pd`jckoe sn kdedkn kdadmnsvockoe nstemcr < sn soa`djozc kde uec s. Kucetd acydr snc jc vcrocòjomcm, ns mnkor jc mospnrsoe

mn jds mctds, acydr snr jc mnsvockoe nstemcr.Nxostn uec rnjckoe mngoeomc n oetnrnscetn netrn jc vcrocòjomcm mn jds mctds, anmomc mn ckunrmd kde jcmnsvockoe nstemcr, y jc grnkunekoc u dkurrnekoc mn jds vcjdrns mn kucjquonr mostroùkoe. Mcmds njprdanmod y jc mnsvockoe nstemcr, s, cprdxoacmcanetn nj 72.07% mn tdmcs jcs anmokodens mnkucjquonr mostroùkoe edracj qunmcre jdkcjozcmcs netrn nj prdanmod +-3s (vcsn jc goiurc). [o njprdanmod sn tonemn c +-0s c ca`ds jcmds (ns mnkor, c ue prdanmod mn +-0s), netdekns qunmce oekjuomdsnj ?>.=>% mn tdmds jds mctds. Goecjanetn, nj rnc oecmnkucmc pdr nj prdanmod

VC[D 9< KCJOGOS^N, EOWNJN _ EDPACJOKN NJ MN[NAVND MNJ DVNPCMDP.

(3?) % mn kcjogokckoe d nvcjuckoe ns jc dpoeoe mnj nspnkocjostc rnspnktd cj mnsnapnd mnjdpnrcmdr. Kcjogokckoe, eovnjckoe y edracjozckoe quonrne mnkor jd aosad, y c pcrtor mn nsnpuetd utojozcrnads nj traoed kcjogokckoe. Jc kcjogokckoe ns nj cspnktd as moskutomd mn jds nstumods mntonapds.

Vcsd 2< Cpjoqun tdjnrcekocs. (0?)

[n cirnice tdjnrcekocs cj nstumod mn tonapds pcrc bcknr prcktokd nj nstemcr mn tonapd

]onapd edracj tdtcj + tdjnrcekocs 1 tonapd nstemcr

(02) (0?) (;6)

Bcy vcrods atdmds pcrc cpjokcr tdjnrcekocs y vcrods topds mn tdjnrcekocs

VC[D ?< BCIC V@JOKD NJ N[]EMCP MN ]ONAVD.

[n rnquonrne trns kogrcs pcrc kdaueokcr ue nstemcr mn tonapd. 3 KCJOGOKCKOE MN JC CK]^CKOE MNJ DVNPCPOD. ; A]DMD MN KCJOGOKCKOE

Nj [ostnac Ynstoeibdusn sn kdesomnrc kuctrd gcktdrns cj nvcjucr jc cktuckoe mnj dpnrcrod, qun sde jcbcòjomcm, nsgunrzd d napnd, kdemokodens y kdesostnekoc.

Jc bcòjomcm sn mngoen kdad< pnrokoc ne sniuor ue atdmd mcmd y sn punmn nxpjokcr acs rnjckodeemdjckde jc kcjomcm crtnscecj, rnvnjcmc pdr jc cprdpocmc kddrmoeckoe mn jc anetn y jcs aceds.

[nie nj sostnac Ynstoeibdusn mn kcjogokckoe d eovnjckoe, nxostne 7 ircmds d kjcsns mn bcòjomcmcsoiec`jns c dpnrcrods y qun rnprnsnetce uec nvcjuckoe mn pnrokoc cknptc`jn. tcjns ircmds sde% bcstc -00%.


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;=

[nie nj sostnac nj nsgunrzd d napnd sn mngoen kdad uec "mnadstrckoe mn jc vdjuetcm pcrc trc`clcrkde ngokonekoc". Nj napnd ns rnprnsnetctovd mn jc rcpomnz kde jc qun sn cpjokc jc bc`ojomcm, y punmn snrne cjtd ircmd pdr nj dpnrcrod. Vunmne mostoeiuorsn snos kjcsns rnprnsnetctovcs mn rcpomnz cknptc`jn

Nj jtoad mn jds kuctrd gcktdrns ns jc kdesostnekoc mnj dpnrcrod. Jc kdesostnekoc mnj dpnrcrod mn`nnvcjucrsn aonetrcs sn rncjozc nj nstumod. Jds vcjdrns njnanetcjns mn tonapd qun sn rnpotnekdestcetnanetn oemokce kdesostnekoc pnrgnktc8 bcy snos kjcsns mn kdesostnekoc< pnrgnktc, nxknjnetn,`unec, rniujcr, cknptc`jn, y mngokonetn, csoiecemd nj vcjdr as =% c jc kdesostnekoc pnrgnktc y mn aneds=% c jc mngokonetn.

NLNAVJD

[n bc rncjozcmd ue nstumod mn tonapd ne uec naprnsc qun sn mnmokc c jc njc`drckoe mn kdesnrvc mn pnskcmdy ne nj kucmrd soiuonetn aunstrc jds tonapds% y pdr mn`cld mnj 3>% mn jc anmockdkoecr, tcpcr y nejctcr jd bckn jc aquoec. Nj snkcmd jd bckn nj bda`rn y jds mnas aulnrns.

[n pomn bcjjcr nj eanrd mn d`snrvckodens y nj tonapd nstemcr pcrc nj prdknsd, csuaonemd ue ?>% mnj eovnjmn kdegocezc y ue 2% mnj eovnj mn prnkosoe d kurodsomcm.

Kokjd Nvosknrcr Kdrtcr Joapocr Nejctcr Kdkoecr [nkcr ]cpcr Ntoquntcr

3 76 2> 32 => >32 76 72 >=

0 96 96 03 =6 >;; 96 26 =2

; ?6 76 09 => >=2 ?6 72 >=

= >> 7> 39 76 >;; >> ?6 90

> 96 9> 03 7> >7; 96 ?2 92

7 7> 96 06 >> >92 7> 2; 77

9 9> 26 0; ;> =22 9> >; =02 26 >> 0= => >6; 26 72 7=

? >6 7> 3> >> >;; >6 2; 77

36 ?> 9> 3? ;> >0> ?> >; =0

33 96 2> 03 => >36 96 72 >=

30 9> 2> 0; ;> >=6 9> >; =0

3; 7> 7> 06 7> >;; 7> ?7 92


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;7

3= 96 7> 03 76 =22 96 ?6 90

3> 76 9> 32 >6 >6; 76 9> 76

]d 36>6 369> ;32 9;> 92?7 36>6 3362 220

]A 96 93.79 : 03.06 =? >07.= 96 9;.29 >2.2

G.W. 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.6 3.6 3.30 3.6 3.30

]E 99.;2 92.?7 0;.=3 =2.>9 >00.93 99.;2 9;.0? 7>.02

^tojozcemd jcs ]c`jcs mnj Atdmd Ynstoeibdusn, bcjjcrnads nj Gcktdr mn Wcjdrckoe tcj kdad sn aunstrc ckdetoeuckoe.

Bcjjcemd jc vcjdrckoe pcrc nj trc`clcmdr

Bcòjomcm nxknjnetn 6.62 GW 1 Ce + vcj

Nsgunrzd ùned 6.60 GW 1 Jdtn 30

Kdemokoe ùnecs 6.60 GW 3.30

Kdesostnekoc. Pniujcr 6.66

6.30Nj Gcktdr mn Wcjdrckoe ns oiucj.6 >.6

auskujcr. Vnsd ne Hi. I. Puomds

0.> 6 3 Kdetoeud 6.6 6.6

>.6 3 0 Oetnraotnetn y gunrtn 0.6 0.6

9.> 0 ; Oetnraotnetn y auy gunrtn 0.6 0.6

36.6 ; > Nstromnetn y gunrtn >.6 >.6

30.> = 7 0. [^VJNANE]D[ WCPOC@JN[ B A

3>.6 > 2 B. ]nesoe Anetcj

39.> 9 36 Vrdknsd `cstcetn kdapjnld 3.6 3.6

06.6 ? 3; Vrdknsd kdapjnld =.6 =.6

00.> 33 37 Auy kdapjnld 2.6 2.6

0>.6 3; 06 O. Adedtdec

;6.6 39 ]rc`cld cjid adetded 6.6 6.6

;>.> 00 ]rc`cld `cstcetn adetded 3.6 3.6

N. Kdemokodens ctadsgrokcs ]rc`cld auy adetded =.6 =.6

(Kcjdr y buanmcm) L. ]nmod

(Aojokcjdrocs/ka0/sni) ]rc`cld cjid cùrromd 6.6 6.6

37.6 6.6 6.6 ]rc`cld cùrromd 0.6 3.6

3=.6 6.6 6.6 ]rc`cld auy cùrromd >.6 0.6

30.6 6.6 6.636.6 6.; 6.; Nstds pdrknetclns nste ne guekoe cj ]onapd

2.6 3.6 3.6 Edracj.

7.6 0.3 0.3

>.6 ;.3 ;.3 Jcs ]c`jcs sde mn jc Driceozckoe Oetnreckodecj

=.6 =.> =.> mnj ]rc`cld.

;.6 7.= 7.=

0.6 36.6 36.6


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;?

7.0 KCJK^JD MNJ N[]^MOD.= ]ONAVD N[]EMCP.

Ns nj tonapd rnqunromd pcrc qun ue dpnrcrodmn tonapd anmod, pjnecanetn kcjogokcmd,cmonstrcmd y trc`clcemd c ue rotad edracjjjnvn c kc`d jc dpnrckoe.


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=6

][ 1 ]E(3 + %[up)

Mdemn j % [up. Nst ne guekoe c jc ]c`jc mn jc DO] nxpjokcmc ne nstn kcptujd.

Ne nj soiuonetn nsqunac prnsnetcads jds pcsds qun sn soiune pcrc bcjjcr nj ]onapd Nstemcr mn ueprdknsd.

NLNAVJD

[n bc rncjozcmd ue nstumod mn tonapd ne uec naprnsc qun sn mnmokc c jc njc`drckoe mn kdesnrvc mn pnskcmdy ne nj kucmrd soiuonetn aunstrc jds tonapds% y pdr mn`cld mnj 3>% mn jc anmockdkoecr, tcpcr y nejctcr jd bckn jc aquoec. Nj snkcmd jd bckn nj bda`rn y jds mnas aulnrns.[n pomn bcjjcr nj eanrd mn d`snrvckodens y nj tonapd nstemcr pcrc nj prdknsd, csuaonemd ue ?>% mnj eovnjmn kdegocezc y ue 2% mnj eovnj mn prnkosoe d kurodsomcm.

Kokjd Nvosknrcr Kdrtcr Joapocr Nejctcr Kdkoecr [nkcr ]cpcr Ntoquntcr

3 76 2> 32 => >32 76 72 >=0 96 96 03 =6 >;; 96 26 =2

; ?6 76 09 => >=2 ?6 72 >=

= >> 7> 39 76 >;; >> ?6 90

> 96 9> 03 7> >7; 96 ?2 92

7 7> 96 06 >> >92 7> 2; 77

9 9> 26 0; ;> =22 9> >; =0

2 26 >> 0= => >6; 26 72 7=

? >6 7> 3> >> >;; >6 2; 77

36 ?> 9> 3? ;> >0> ?> >; =0

33 96 2> 03 => >36 96 72 >=

30 9> 2> 0; ;> >=6 9> >; =0

3; 7> 7> 06 7> >;; 7> ?7 92

3= 96 7> 03 76 =22 96 ?6 90

3> 76 9> 32 >6 >6; 76 9> 76

]d 36>6 369> ;32 9;> 92?7 36>6 3362 220

]A 96 93.79 : 03.06 =? >07.= 96 9;.29 >2.2

e]d 976 96> 0?6 ;=6 9;32 976 >3; =62

Eta 7?.6? 96.> : 06.? =2.>9 >00.93 7?.6? 9;.0? >2.0?

[ 3.?0] 0.0;

E 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

G.W. 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.6 3.6 3.30 3.6 3.30

]E 99.;2 92.?7 0;.=3 =2.>9 >00.93 99.;2 9;.0? 7>.02

% [up 6.0> 6.0> 6.0> 6 6 6.3? 6 6.0>

][ ?7.9; ?2.96 0?.07 =2.>9 >00.93 ?0.62 9;.0? 23.7


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=3

Vrd`jnacs prdpunstds3. [n bc rncjozcmd ue nstumod mn tonapd ne uec naprnsc qun sn mnmokc c jc gc`rokckoe mn tu`nrcs

antjokcs, y ne nj kucmrd soiuonetn sn aunstrc jds tonapds.

Nj punstd mn trc`cld rnquonrn mn uec Bcòjomcm nxknjnetn, y tneonemd ue nsgunrzd auy ùned, nemdemn jcs kdemokodens sde ùnecs y uec kdesostnekoc rniujcr.

[n trc`clc mn pon, jnvcetcemd pnsd prdanmod mn 39 Hi., ns auy gctoidsd y kde ruomds oetnraotnetns ygunrtns.

^stnm mn`n njoaoecr jds tonapds qun nste pdr nekoac mnj 3> % y pdr mn`cld mnj 3> % mn jc anmoc. Njeovnj mn kdegocezc csuaomd ns mnj ?> % y uec prnkosoe mnj 7 %.

[n pomn bcjjcr nj Euanrd mn d`snrvckodens y nj ]onapd nstemcr pcrc nj prdknsd.

KOKJD ANMOP KDP]CP EOP [DJMCP JOACP VOE]CP3 30 30> 2> ;=> => ;2>0 3= 3=6 96 ;>> =6 ;?>; 32 3;6 76 ;7> => =66= 33 376 7> ;>> 76 ;>>> 3= 3=> 9> ;9> 7> ;7>7 3; 3>> 96 ;2> >> ;9>9 3> 3;> 26 ;0> ;> ;2>2 37 30> >> ;;> => ;=>? 36 3=> 7> ;>> >> ;>636 3? 37> 9> ;>6 ;> ;=633 3= 39> 2> ;=6 => ;7630 3> 30> 2> ;76 ;> ;;63; 3; 3=> 7> ;>> 7> ;;>3= 3= 3;> 7> ;0> 76 ;2>

3> 30 3=> 9> ;;> >6 ;?>


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=0

KCV]^JD WOO

A^N[]PND MNJ ]PC@CLD

9.3 OE]PDM^KKOE

Nj prnsnetn trc`cld aunstrc jc oapdrtcekoc qun tonen nj nsgunrzd mn tonapds ne uec mntnraoecmc naprnscc oestotukoe pcrc golcr, tonapds nstemcr ne jds qun sn bckne d`snrvckodens, kdad kde nj aunstrd mnjtrc`cld, c oetnrvcjds cjnctdrods (ne juicr mn bcknrjd kdetoeucanetn) murcetn ue pnrodmd nxtnesd.

Kcmc d`snrvckoe, kdad kde nj aunstrnd mn trc`cld, sn kjcsogokc ne uec kctnidrc. [oe na`crid jcskctnidrcs mogonrne mnj dkod, rnpdsd, ntk. [de jcs ueomcmns mn trc`cld, mn sniuemd, tnrknr y kucrtd drmne8csdkocmds kde jc cktovomcm d`snrvcmc.

Jc tkeokc ns pcrtokujcranetn toj pcrc golcr tonapds nstemcr pcrc trc`clds tcjns kdad cktovomcmns edrnpntotovcs mn dgokoec, cktovomcmns ne jc`drctdrods mn cejosos, acetneoaonetd, gc`rokckoe snie pnmomd ynj adetcln pcrc kjonetns, ntk.

]ca`oe sn aunstrc jc mognrnekoc `sokc netrn jc tkeokc mnskroptovc y nj nstumod mn tonapds mornktds,aunstrnd oetnesovd8 qun nst ne jc acenrc mn bcknr jcs d`snrvckodens.

9.0 D@LN]OWD

Cecjozcr aunstrcs rnprnsnetctovcs mnj kdeluetd mn cktovomcmns ne ue anedr tonapd y c ue kdstdkdesomnrc`jn anedr qun dtrcs tkeokcs.

Kcjkujcr nj tonapd as prxoad c jc nxcktotum tdacemd aunstrcs cjnctdrocs as ircemns. Bcjjcr nj eanrd mn d`snrvckodens cj czcr pcrc vcrods eovnjns mn kdegocezc. Kdedknr nj tonapd prnmntnraoecmd y cs pdmnr nstc`jnknr nstemcrns mn prdmukkoe.

9.; MNGOEOKOE.

Kdesostn ne jc nxtrckkoe mn aunstrcs ne gdrac oetnraotnetn y cj czcr. Nj aunstrnd mnj trc`cld kdesostnne nstoacr jc prdpdrkoe mnj tonapd mnmokcmd c ue topd mn cktovomcm mcmc, murcetn ue konrtd pnrdmd mntonapd, napjncemd pcrc njjd d`snrvckodens oestcetencs, oetnraotnetns y nspckocmcs cj czcr.

Ne jc soiuonetn goiurc sn aunstrce jds sa`djds anmocetn jds kucjns sn rnprnsnetce jds mds nstcmds mncktovomcm, trc`clcemd y dkodsd, pcrc uec pcrtn mnj mc mn trc`cld mn ue dpnrcmdr.

C. Cpjokckodens mnj aunstrnd mnj trc`cld.

Ne inenrcj, nj aunstrnd mnj trc`cld sn usc pcrc nstoacr jc gdrac ne qun sn mostro`uyn nj tonapd (mnjdpnrcmdr, d mnj nquopd) netrn mds d as topds mn cktovomcmns, kuemd d`tnenr nstc oegdrackoe, c pcrtor mnrniostrds d mospdsotovds rniostrcmdrns cutdatokds, rnsujtc oekdevneonetn, kcrd d oapdso`jn .

@. Nstcs sde jcs cpjokckodens as grnkunetns

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