Irregular verbs

infinitive simple past past participle

be was/were beenbear bore borne/born (AE)beat beat beatenbecome became becomebegin began begunbend bent bentbet* bet betbid bid, bade bid, biddenbind bound boundbite bit bittenbleed bled bledblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbreed bred bredbring brought broughtbroadcast broadcast broadcastbuild built builtburst* burst burstbust* bust bustbuy bought boughtcast cast castcatch caught caughtchoose chose chosencling clung clungcome came comecost cost costcreep crept creptcut cut cutdeal dealt dealtdig dug dugdive dived/dove(AE) diveddo did donedraw drew drawndrink drank drunkdrive drove driveneat ate eatenfall fell fallen

feed fed fedfeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found foundflee fled fledfling flung flungfly flew flownforbid forbade, forbad forbiddenforecast* forecast forecastforget forgot forgottenforsake forsook forsakenfreeze froze frozenget got got, gotten (AE)give gave givengrind ground groundgo went gonegrow grew grownhang hung hunghave had hadhear heard heardhide hid hiddenhit hit hithold held heldhurt hurt hurtkeep kept keptknow knew knownlay laid laidlead led ledleave left leftlend lent lentlet let letlie lay lainlight* lit litlose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met metpay paid paidprove* proved provenput put put

quit* quit quitread read readrid rid ridride rode riddenring rang rungrise rose risenrun ran runsay said saidsee saw seenseek sought soughtsell sold soldsend sent sentset set setsew* sewed sewnshake shook shakenshear* sheared shornshed shed shedshine shone shoneshoot shot shotshow* showed shownshut shut shutsing sang sungsink sank sunksit sat satslay slew slainsleep slept sleptslide slid slidsling slung slungslink slunk slunkslit slit slitsow sowed sownspeak spoke spokenspeed* sped spedspend spent spentspin spun spunspit spat, spit spat, spitsplit split splitspread spread spreadspring sprang sprungstand stood stood

steal stole stolenstick stuck stucksting stung stungstink stank, stunk stunkstride strode striddenstrike struck struckstring strung strungstrive strove strivenswear swore swornsweep swept sweptswell* swelled swollenswim swam swumswing swung swungtake took takenteach taught taughttear tore torntell told toldthink thought thoughtthrive* throve thrivedthrow threw thrownthrust thrust thrusttread trod trodden, trodunderstand understood understoodwake* woke wokenwear wore wornweave wove wovenweep wept weptwet* wet wetwin won wonwind wound woundwring wrung wrungwrite wrote written

* regular form (+ -ed) also possible.

The trend, in English, and especially in American English, is to standardize the irregular verbs. We do not foresee all the irregular verbs ever being standardized, but some of the more minor variations in less commonly used words will probably disappear in the next genration or two.

The following English irregular verbs are now obsolete and use the standard past and participle forms (-ed).

infinitive

dwellkneelleanmowsmellspellspillspoiltrust

The following verbs use the standard past and participle forms (-ed) in American English.

infinitive

burndreamlearn

Irregular verbs (most common)

infinitive simple past past participle

to go went goneI go I went I have gonehe goes he went he has goneI don't go I didn't go I haven't gonehe doesn't go he didn't go he hasn't gone

infinitive simple past past participle

be was/were beenI am I was I have beenhe is he was he has beenwe are we were we have beenbeat beat beatenbecome became becomebegin began begunbet* bet betblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbring brought brought

build built builtburst burst burstbuy bought boughtcatch caught caughtchoose chose chosencome came comecost cost costcut cut cutdeal dealt dealtdo did donedraw drew drawndrink drank drunkdrive drove driveneat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeed fed fedfeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found foundfly flew flownforget forgot forgottenfreeze froze frozenget got got, gotten (AE)give gave givengo went gonegrow grew grownhang hung hunghave had hadhear heard heardhide hid hiddenhit hit hithold held heldhurt hurt hurtkeep kept keptknow knew knownlay laid laidlead led ledleave left leftlend lent lentlet let let

lie lay lainlight* lit litlose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met metpay paid paidput put putread read readride rode riddenring rang rungrise rose risenrun ran runsay said saidsee saw seensell sold soldsend sent sentset set setshake shook shakensteal stole stolenshine shone shoneshoot shot shotshow* showed shownshut shut shutsing sang sungsink sank sunksit sat satsleep slept sleptslide slid slidspeak spoke spokenspend spent spentspring sprang sprungstand stood stoodstick stuck stuckswear swore swornsweep swept sweptswim swam swumswing swung swungtake took takenteach taught taught

tear tore torntell told toldthink thought thoughtthrow threw thrownunderstand understood understoodwake* woke wokenwear wore wornweave wove wovenwin won wonwrite wrote written

* regular form (+ -ed) also possible.

The trend, in English, and especially in American English, is to standardize the irregular verbs. We do not foresee all the irregular verbs ever being standardized, but some of the more minor variations in less commonly used words will probably disappear in the next genration or two.

The following English irregular verbs are now obsolete and use the standard past and participle forms (-ed).

infinitive simple past past participle

burn burnt burntdream dreamt dreamtlearn learnt learntsmell smelt smeltspell spelt spelt