Manual de buenas prácticas en el manejo orgánico del cultivo de sacha inchik - Parte 1

8/3/2019 Manual de buenas prácticas en el manejo orgánico del cultivo de sacha inchik - Parte 1

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MKEVKC DF @VFEKQ YPËATNAKQ FE FC MKEFLH HPBËENAH DF QKAJK NEAJNO

Fdnanñe< Qjkeketnek Q%K%A%

NEAKBPH

Yph~fath Yfpü`nhdnwfpqh ‑ Y@D<Dfvtqajf Bfqfccqajkgt góp Tfajenqajf \vqkmmfekp`fnt *BT\. Bm`J - YphbpkmkDfqkpphcch Pvpkc Qhqtfen`cf ‑ YDPQQfapftkpík df Fqtkdh df Fahehmík df Qvn|k *QFAH.Mnenqtfpnh df Ahmfpanh Fztfpnhp ~ Tvpnqmh ‑ MNEAFTVP

Kqhankanñe KYHCYKRK

Ahppfaanñe ~ avndkdh df fdnanñe< Akphcnek Qëeajf|Dnqfûh ~ dnkbpkmkanñe< Cn| Akpjvkwncak YkchmnehGhthbpkgíkq< Kpajnwh Qjkeketnek QKA

Nmypfqh fe P'G Yv`cnakanhefq ~ Qfpwnanhq QKA

;pk Fdnanñe

Cnmk - Yfpü# Hatv`pf dfc 099>

Jfajh fc Dfyñqnth Cfbkc fe ck @n`cnhtfak Ekanhekc dfc Yfpü E¼< 099>-;1676

Kbpk

Qfpíkfqtfyhp

Ekwkpph BNEAKBPHahmntîq yQFAH (Bk Qjkekedf wkchp dk anfethq dck kctvpk d

K thdhq Vd

A



94

Nednaf bfefpkc

1%2

1%:

1%>

1%;9

4% @nhah

4%;

6% Bfqtnñ

Avkd

Avkd

7% @n`cnhb

;% Bfefpkcndkdfq dfc avctnwh 9:

0% Kbphfahchbík ~ kbpnavctvpk hpbëenak ;9

1% @ vfekq ypëatnakq fe fc mkeflh hpbëenah dfc avctnwh df qkajk neajno ;;

1%;% Fcfaanñe dfc tfppfeh ;;

1%0% Ypfykpkanñe dfc tfppfeh ;0

1%1% Neqtkckanñe df ycketkanñe ;1

1%4% Qnfm`pk ;7k% Qnfm`pk dnpfatk ;2`% Qnfm`pk nednpfatk ;:

1%6% Dfqmkcf|kdh ;>

k% Mfakenqmhq ykpk ahetphckp ckq mkcf|kq 09

1%7% K`hekmnfeth 0;

k% Yphdvaanñe df k`hehq hpbëenahq 00

Ykb%



97

Ypfqfetkanñe

Qjkeketnek QKA jkaf ccfbkp k akdk veh df Vdq% fc –Mkevkc dfyphdvaanñe hpbëenak ~ `vfekq ypëatnakq kbpíahckq dfc avctnwh dfQkajk Neajno”# gpvth dfc tpk`klh aheqtketf yhp fqykanh df tpfq kûhq

fe ck |hek df Ckmkq ‑ Pfbnñe Qke Mkptíe# ~ bpkankq k ckq fzyfpnfeankq dfchq yphdvathpfq df qkajk neajno df ck kqhankanñe KYHCYKRK ~ ahmntîqkefzhq? fqtf mktfpnkc fq ck pfahynckanñe df fzyfpnfeankq fe chq gvedhqQjkeketnek# Cnmheancch# yphynfdkd df ck fmypfqk Kbphnedvqtpnkq Hqjh

QKA ~ fe feqk~hq neqtkckdhq fe chq qfathpfq Qhch dfc Pnh Mk~h#Ahebhmyfpk ~ Kcth Yvakcyncch%Fc ahetfendh df fqtf mkevkc fq pfqykcdkdh yhp fc pfqvctkdh df ckqnewfqtnbkanhefq h`tfendkq jkqtk fc mhmfeth ahe fc Qv`-Yph~fath dfNewfqtnbkanñe kdkytktnwk –Wkcndkanñe df Yk{vftf Tfaehcñbnah ykpk ckyphdvaanñe hpbëenak dfc avctnwh df Qkajk Neajno# fe ck yphwneank dfCkmkq ahe gnefq df Nedvqtpnkcn|kanñe”# gnekeankdh yhp ck kcnke|kfqtpktîbnak NEAKBPH# Yph~fath Yfpü`nhdnwfpqh# ahgnekeankmnfethfetpf ck Dfvtqajf Bfqfccqajkgt góp Tfajenqajf \vqkmmfekp`fnt *BT\.Bm`J ~ ck Qfapftkpík df Fqtkdh df Fahehmík df Qvn|k *QFAH.# ahe fcMnenqtfpnh df Ahmfpanh Fztfpnhp ~ Tvpnqmh ahmh ahetpkykptf ekanhekc#

Kbphnedvqtpnkq Hqjh QKA ~ DNPAFTVP%Fqyfpkmhq {vf fqtk jfppkmnfetk dnpnbndk k chq yphdvathpfq ahetpn`v~kk mflhpkp fc mkeflh fahcñbnah dfc avctnwh# ~ k qhcvanhekp yph`cfmkq {vfqf ypfqfetke fe fc akmyh# neafetnwkedh ck nmycfmfetkanñe df–@vfekq ypëatnakq kbpíahckq”# nednakdhp df ck bpkdvkcndkd fe ckkycnakanñe df ypneanynhq ~ apntfpnhq df @nhahmfpanh# ahmh ykptf df ckqfznbfeankq dfc mfpakdh ~ fc dfqkpphcch qhqtfen`cf%

F{vnyh Qjkeketnek QKA

JhckAhmh wfyphwneanknedvmfe

^h chq ka`pnedkpcf

Bpkankq k{vf jk~k

Pfavfpdfh`tfedpë

Qfke hyMnfetpkqmk~hp qf

Ve gvfpgkqaneke



9:

Qfbüe MA@PNDF# *;>6;. Wfbftkc Qyfpmkthyj~tk Kebnhqyfpmkf Dnahtncfdñefk Fvyjhp`nkcfq Fvyjhp`nkafkf Ycvofeftnk whcv`ncnq C%

Ycvofeftnk whcv`ncnq C%

Pf~eh<Dnwnqnñe<

Qv` dnwnqnñe<Ackqf<

Hpdfe<Gkmncnk<

Bîefph<Fqyfanf<Ehm`pf anfetígnah<

;% Bfefpkcndkdfq dfc Avctnwh

Qkajk neajno# ehm`pf kqnbekdh yhp chq ofajrkq ckmnqtkq# av~k tpkdvaanñe fq mkeí dfcmhetf# mëq ahehandh ahmh qkajk neajn%

Fq vek ycketk tpfykdhpk# whcv`cf ~ qfmncfûhqk# qvq gpvthq qhe aëyqvckq {vf yhqffe df 4 k2 cñavchq dfetph df chq avkcfq qf feavfetpke ckq qfmncckq# {vf qhe hwkckdkq# df ahchp mkppñe hqavph# cnbfpkmfetf k`vctkdkq fe fc afetph ~ kajktkdkdkq jkank fc ̀ hpdf%

Ykpk ve mflhp ahehanmnfeth tîaenah ypfqfetkmhq ck ackqngnakanñe ̀ htëenak<

Kcbvekq

Fc qkajkfqfeankcfahmykpkyhqn`ncndkhtphq# ahm

Fc kafntf d`fefgnanh

² Ghptk

² Ghptkfm`k

² Gkwh

² Fqtnm

² Ahet

² Yhqff



;9

Ykpk ck fëpfkq {vfwntkp feyckeh h qf

Qf pfahmqfavedkpqndh qfm

avkc{vnfp

Ckq ̀ vfekyphdvaanñmflhpkp ck

Dftkcckmmkeflh d

0% Kbphfahchbík ~

kbpnavctvpk hpbëenak

Ck Kbphfahchbík vtncn|k ypneanynhq fahcñbnahq ykpk fqtvdnkp# dnqfûkp ~ mkeflkp kbphfahqnqtfmkq yphdvatnwhq# yphynankedh ck aheqfpwkanñe df ck dnwfpqndkd `nhcñbnak aheqhqtfen`ncndkd# km`nfetkc# qhankc ~ faheñmnak%

Ykpk fcch qf yphmvfwf ck nmycfmfetkanñe df dnwfpqkq fqtpktfbnkq ahmh< qnqtfmkq

kbphghpfqtkcfq ~ qncwhykqthpncfq# avctnwhq df ah`fptvpk# phtkanñe df avctnwhq# fetpf htpkq#av~hq ypneanykcfq ̀ fefgnanhq qhe<

² Mketnfefe ck av`nfptk wfbftktnwk# k~vdkedh k aheqfpwkp fc kbvk ~ fc qvfch%

² Neahpyhpke kc qvfch mktfpnk hpbëenak# yphdvath df ck dfqahmyhqnanñe df jhlkq#tkcchq# pkíafq ~ dnwfpqhq evtpnfetfq {vf yphwnfefe df ck phtkanñe df avctnwhq ~fzapfmfethq kenmkcfq%

² Yphmvfwfe ck pfbvckanñe df ckq yckbkq k tpkwîq df ahetphckdhpfq ̀ nhcñbnahq# ahmhkwnqykq# kpkûkq# mkpn{vntkq ~ ycketkq pfyfcfetfq ahmh mkpnbhcd# jvkak#jvkmkeqkmkek# fta%

Fe fqtf ahetfzth ck kbpnavctvpk hpbëenak fq nmyhptketf yhp{vf ahetpn`v~f k pfdvanp kcmíenmh ck ahetkmnekanñe dfc km`nfetf# fwntkedh chq gfptncn|ketfq ~ yckbvnandkq qnetîtnahq#ch {vf yphynank ve fahqnqtfmk qhqtfen`cf# kcnmfethq qfbvphq# ̀ vfek evtpnanñe# ̀ nfefqtkp

kenmkc ~ dfqkpphcch pvpkc%

1%; F



;0

1%0 Ypfykpkanñe dfc tfppfeh

Ph|h

Ynakajfh

Tvm`k

Tph|kp fe yfdk|hq yf{vfûhq chq pfqthq df ck tvm`k gkwhpfaf ckdfqahmyhqnanñe df chq mnqmhq ~ fc kyhptf df evtpnfetfq kc qvfch%

Qn {vfdke thahefq# pkmkq ahe fqynekq# h cfûhq {vf yvdnfpkenmyfdnp fc ykqh fe ck ycketkanñe# qf pfahmnfedk fc kahmhdh dffqthq mktfpnkcfq fe fc `hpdf dfc ëpfk k qfm`pkp% Fe ch yhqn`cf fwntkp ck {vfmk# ~k {vf fqtk ypëatnak fcnmnek mnaphevtpnfetfq ~mnaphhpbkenqmhq {vf ahetpn`v~fe k ck aheqfpwkanñe dfc qvfch%

V t n c n | kdfcnmntkmJkanfedt p nkebvfqtk{vfh`kqf dfc fc dnqtkea

F W N T K [ V F M K P Y K P K P F D V A N P F G F A T H Q E F B K T N W H Q D F C A K M @ N H A C N M Ë T N A H %

1%



;4

Neqtkckanñe dftvthpfq mvfpthq

h qneajnefh

Qn wkmhq k ahchakp fqykcdfpkq ykpk {vf fc qkajk neajnotfebk mk~hp ëpfk df fzyhqnanñe kc qhc# fqtf mëq wfetnckdh ~qf gkwhpf|ak ck ahqfajk# qf ahchake qneajnekq akdk 6mftphq ykpk {vf qnpwke df qhyhptf kc mktfpnkc {vf wkmhq kvtncn|kp ahmh fqykcdfpk%

Qf yvfdf vtncn|kp Fp~tjpnek qy% h Bc~pnandnk qy% ahehandkqahmh kmkqnqk h mktk pktñe pfqyfatnwkmfetf# ahchakedhvek yhp akdk fqtkak# akdk 0%6 mftphq# df mkefpk tkc {vfykpk akdk ycketk df qkajk neajno# fznqtk ve tvthp%

Neqtkcfqyk

Ckq qneajnekq h yhqtfq mvfpthq df`fe qfp dfypfgfpfeank df mkdfpk dvpk ahmh ck {vnencck# ykpk{vf pfqnqtke fc tnfmyh df yphdvaanñe dfc qkajkneajno# yfph tkm`nîe qf yvfdf vqkp mkdfpkq df ck|hek# f np pffmyck|ëedhckq aheghpmf qf wk~kedftfpnhpkedh yhp fgfathq dfc acnmk# kdfmëq jkqtkfqf mhmfeth fc tvthp wnwh ~k jk`pë febphqkdh chqvgnanfetf# ahmh ykpk qhyhptkp ck fqykcdfpk%

Ck ypnmfypnmfpk#

Km`kq ahetpn`v~{vf yphjhlkq# chneahpyhpqfpwnp ahmajkapk%

Neqtkckanñe dftvthpfq wnwhq

Qkajk n



;7

Ck qnfm`gkwhpfafpnetfeqk ccv

Ck qnfm`p

k. Qnfm`

Fq ck mëqeh dnqyhenppfbvckpnqf dkûfemvajkq wmhmfeth

K 09 am dvtncn|kedhtkakpyh# j

av`pnpëq%

1%4 Qnfm`pk

Pfkcn|k ck dfqnegfaanñe df tvq qfmncckq# pfmhlëedhckq fe kbvk ahe afen|k dvpketf ;0jhpkq% Ck yphyhpanñe df afen|k fq df 069 bp% yhp cntph df kbvk%

Ck gnekcndkd df fqtk ypëatnak fqfcnmnekp chq yf{vfûhq hpbkenqmhqkdjfpndhq k ckq qfmncckq# chq avkcfqyhdpíke dkûkp ck ycëetvck ~ akvqkp qvmvfptf%



;:

Dfqyvîq df {vf jk fmfpbndh ck ycketk# ~ avkedh tfebke fetpf 06‑ 19 díkq# fcnmnekmhq ck mëq dî`nc%

`. Qnfm`pk Nednpfatk%

Ypfykpkanñe df qvqtpkth

Pfkcn|k vek mf|ack fe `kqf k< 69& fqtnîpahc dfbkekdh dfqahmyvfqth h fqtnîpahc df chm`pn| hahmyhqt ~ 69& df qvfch df ajkapk% Dfqnegfatk ckmf|ack ahe kbvk akcnfetf h yhp qhckpn|kanñe#av`pnîedhck ahe ycëqtnah tpkeqykpfetf% Ykpk vekjfatëpfk efafqntkpëq ;7 qkahq df 69 ob {vf jkafeve thtkc df :99 ob df qvqtpkth%

Vtncn|k ̀ hcqkq df ½ onch# ccîekckq ahe fqtk mf|ack ~ahchak 0 qfmncckq yhp `hcqk# ykpk dfqyvîq df ckbfpmnekanñe {vfdkpehq ahe ck mëq wnbhphqk%

Kahed

Yphtfbfyphyhp

Avndkd

Df`fq mkûkenetfeqnd

Fcnmnek

Fqtk kaaheqtkevtpnfeycketka

Ck bfptpkeqycypnmfp

1%6



Fq vek av`nfptk yphtfathpk dfc qvfch% Jk~ mvajhq tnyhq df mvcaj# pfqthq df ahptf|kq#wnpvtkq df mkdfpk# yklk# akqakpncck df kpph|# aheajkq# jhlkq# fta% Fwntk fc apfanmnfeth dfmkckq jnfp`kq yhp gkctk df cv|# fwntk ck fphqnñe# pfbvck ck tfmyfpktvpk ~ aheqfpwk ckjvmfdkd dfc qvfch% Ve ̀ vfe mvcaj kyhptk evtpnfetfq cfetkmfetf kc qvfch k mfdndk {vfqf dfqahmyhef%

09

k% Mfakenqmhq ykpk ahetphckp ck mkcf|k

Vqh df avctnwhq df ah`fptvpk

Qnqtfmk df avctnwhq kqhankdhq

Kahcajkdh# mvcajneb h mvcaj

Fq vek ypëatnak df aheqfpwkanñe df qvfchq ~k {vf chq yphtîbî df ck fphqnñe# kyhptkevtpnfetfq# fwntk ck fmfpbfeank df mkcf|kq ~ qnpwfe ahmh jë`ntkt df neqfathq ̀ feîgnahq%

Tfefmhq wkpnkq kctfpektnwkq fetpf fcckq< Kpkajnq ynethn# Mvavek qy# Dfqmhdnvm qy ~Akekwkcnk feqnghpmnq%

Fc qkajk neajno yvfdf netfpakckpqf aheavctnwhq df ahpth yfpnhdh# qfm`pkdhq fe ckqakccfq ~ fqthq yvfdfe qfp< gpnlhcfq# klhelhcí#ykcncch# kc`kjkak# hpîbkeh# yknah ~ htpkqycketkq kphmëtnakq%

Ykpk fc apEntpñbfeAhe fqtfbkccnek# aFq pfahmdftfpmnekypnmfpk w

ahchakpëqahmyhqt#avfcch df

Neafetnwkqckq jhlkq#tf feqfûkycnakpchq

pfqnqtfetfPfavfpdk

1%7 K



00

Ahmyhqtklf

Fq ve yphafqh df `nhdfbpkdkanñe df chq pfqndvhq hpbëenahq df hpnbfe kenmkc ~(hwfbftkc# aheqfavfeank df ck katnwndkd df mnaphhpbkenqmhq {vf apfafe ~ qf pfyphdvafefe chq mktfpnkcfq hpbëenahq fe dfqahmyhqnanñe% Havppf ̀ klh ahednanhefq ahetphckdkq#`vfek knpfkanñe ~ jvmfdkd%

Neqvmhq ykpk ck ypfykpkanñe df ahmyhqt<

Pkqtphlhq df ahqfajk ~ pfqthq df kcnmfethq

Ckek fjnchq Ektvpkcfq

Afen|k df cfûk*mkznmh 1&.

Yfch h ak`fcch

Jhlkq gpfqakq

Fqtnfpahc

Ykyfc h akptñe

@hcqkq df tfh akgî

AHMYHQT

k% Yphdvaanñe df k`hehq hpbëenahq Yphafdn

Fe ve ëpfkbpfbkp vpfyftnp ck am kyphz

Ykpk tfefjvfakq# ah`qfpwkpëkccí dhedf

{vf qf pfyFqtnîpahc# aëqakpkq dfq k a j k n e a j n o ~avkc{vnfp tnyh dfa ë q a k p k q # t v q k #pkqtphlhq# `kbk|h#ak`fc chq # afen|k #jhlkq df cfbvmnehqkq~ thdh ch {vf yvfdfqfp dfqahmyvfqth%



04

Kcbvekq df ckq akpkatfpíqtnakq df ve ahmyhqt mkdvph qhe<

;% Eh df`f fmntnp hchp k bvkeh# mktfpnk hpbëenak fe dfqahmyhqnanñe# df`f hcfp ktnfppk%

0% Eh df`f kykpfafp enebüe pkqtph df chq mktfpnkcfq hpnbnekcfq%

1% Kve{vf qf jvmfdf|ak# eh df`f ypfqfetkp mkc hchp ~ eh df`f ktpkfp mhqakq%

Ck apnke|akcnghpenkchm`pnafqykptf df fkycnakdh

Fe evfqtpkq ahednanhefq df`fpëq h`tfefp tv ahmyhqt k chq 69 ñ 79 díkq# dfyfednfedhtkm`nîe df chq neqvmhq fmycfkdhq% Mnfetpkq mëq bpvfqhq qfke# mëq tnfmyhdfmhpkpke fe dfqahmyhefpqf%

Chm`pna

Kpfk df ahmyhqtklf @nhkbpnavctvpk Akqk`ckeak

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Manual de buenas prácticas en el manejo orgánico del cultivo de sacha inchik - Parte 1