Manufactura asistida por computadora

Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Abril 2013

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Contenido

Introduccion………………………………………………………………………………...3

Objetivo…………...…………………………………………………………………………3

MarcoTeorico……………………………………................................................................3

Desarrollo…………...……………………………………………………………………...4

Concluciones………………………………………………………………………………………9..

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Introducción

La Manufactura Asistida por Computadora se utiliza programas informáticos para la proyección, gestión y control de los procesos de fabricación. Se utiliza una técnica llamada Control Numérico en la última fase de producción. Se trata de una tecnología que gracias a instrucciones numéricas controla la máquina herramienta que corta la pieza hasta obtener la obra terminada.

Objetivo

Realizar una imagen para logo utilizando los software Autocad y exportar a software Espirit para generar código G para maquinarlo en una maquina CNC.

Marco teorico

Manufactura Asistida por Computadora CAM  comúnmente se refiere al uso de aplicaciones de software computacional de control numérico (NC) para crear instrucciones detalladas (G-code) que conducen las máquinas de herramientas  para manufactura de partes controladas numéricamente por computadora (CNC). Los fabricantes de diferentes industrias dependen den de las capacidades de CAM para producir partes de alta calidad.

Una definición más amplia de CAM puede incluir el uso de aplicaciones computacionales para definir planes de manufactura para el diseño de herramientas, diseño asistido por computadora (CAD) para la preparación de modelos, programación NC, programación de la inspección de la máquina de medición (CMM), simulación de máquinas de herramientas o post-procesamiento. El plan es entonces ejecutado en un ambiente de producción, como control numérico directo (DNC), administración de herramientas, maquinado CNC, o ejecución de CCM.

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Desarrollo

Para empezar abrimos nuestro programa de autocad, hay que abrir el administrador de propiedades para seleccionar las siguientes opciones:-Workspace switching- Autocad classic, Tamaño de pantalla,-Format, Drawing limits,

Después creamos un primer plano -Se seleccionan las esquinas (0,0), (100,100), ahora opción View, extends, como muestra la imagen. Esto nos servirá como margen para centrar nuestro logo

Seleccionamos un dibujo que deseamos elaborar nosotros haremos el logo de Toyota el cual lo obtuvimos de la web

Ahora hay que seleccionar la opción de dibujo arquitectónico y abrir la opción (capas) después se abre una nueva capa para inserta el logo donde empezamos abrir el archivo del logo asignado.

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Seleccionamos el logo en este caso será de Toyota.

Crear acotación para medir las dimensiones. se mide , se copea se selecciona escala y uniforme.

Ahora vamos a dibujar la imagen después de haber creado una capa sobre la imagen y de manera que queden todos los contornos cerrados y procurando que no haya líneas abiertas sobre el dibujo elaborado.

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Ahora que ya nos aseguramos de nuestra pieza, medidas, contornos y planos en X,Y, vamos a transportar el dibujo a software ESPIRIT. Al grabar el dibujo, se refleja en archivo tipo .dfx.

Luego que ya transportamos la imagen a Espirit, nuestra imagen se va reflejar de esta manera.

El diseño del dibujo se le hace el fresado. Hay que seleccionar todo el dibujo (Ctrl. + A) y elegimos la opción autocadena (Crear-Caracteristicas-Autocadena). Entonces es donde nos dirigimos al menú mecanizado-fresado-ciclo de cajera 2D,nos muestra un menú donde nos pide las dimensiones del cortador, damos la medida del cortador, elegimos la unidad de medida que sea similar a las del dibujo, mm o pulg., y en la siguiente pestaña nombramos a la herramienta, luego aceptar, nos arrojara un segundo menú, llamado fresado cajera-pestaña estándar, elegimos la herramienta que deseamos, y en profundidad elegimos primero la prof.

Luego que ya tenemos el código, vamos a proceder a maquinar la pieza, ya de

manera real en maquina CNC, el archivo se grabara en tipo .nc.

Primero obtenemos el material en el que vamos a maquinar, en esta ocasión elegimos delrin, previamente careado por

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los cuatro lados para evitar que CNC vaya a provocar colisión y de medida ya mencionadas de 100 x 100 mm.

Ahora se procede a cargar el programa por medio de USB, que ya obtuvimos en código G, esto en la opción Edit, de maquina CNC.

Código para CNC Logo de Toyota

Logo de toyotaN5 G00 G17 G40 G49 G80 M97N10 G28 G91 X0 Y0 Z0N30 G90 X72.665 Y65.183 S3628 M03N45 G01 Z-3. F369N50 G02 X70.319 Y63.901 R15.699N55 X66.203 Y62.467 R27.304N60 X62.344 Y61.605 R55.602N65 G03 X62.318 Y61.728 R57.333N70 X61.759 Y64.138 R50.073N75 X59.465 Y70.723 R42.185N80 X57.921 Y73.572 R20.593N85 G02 X61.821 Y73.02 R61.671N90 X67.797 Y71.587 R49.114N95 X71.436 Y70.091 R21.407N100 X73.693 Y68.559 R11.927N105 X74.353 Y67.725 R2.827N110 X74.449 Y67.499 R1.518N115 X74.482 Y67.359 R.811N120 X74.488 Y67.274 R.603N125 X74.474 Y67.147 R.603N130 X74.311 Y66.725 R1.45N135 X73.403 Y65.704 R3.426N140 X72.665 Y65.183 R15.699N145 G01 X71.283 Y67.267N150 G02 X69.311 Y66.188 R13.199N155 X65.572 Y64.886 R24.804N160 X64.233 Y64.555 R53.102N165 G03 X64.18 Y64.763 R52.573N170 X62.325 Y70.384 R44.685N175 G02 X67.063 Y69.197 R46.614N180 X70.278 Y67.876 R18.907N185 X71.283 Y67.267 R9.427N190 G01 Z-.5N195 G00 Z2.N200 X27.001 Y65.287N205 G01 Z-3.N210 G02 X26.338 Y65.827 R9.78N215 X25.563 Y66.724 R4.53N220 X25.4 Y67.11 R1.155N225 X25.385 Y67.247 R.64N230 X25.391 Y67.331 R.64N235 X25.498 Y67.684 R1.147N240 X27.189 Y69.431 R3.929N245 X35.418 Y72.491 R33.633N250 X41.192 Y73.487 R53.907N255 X41.379 Y73.508 R74.974N260 G03 X40.098 Y71.099 R22.127N265 X38.259 Y65.926 R32.229N270 X37.321 Y61.64 R53.805N275 G02 X37.212 Y61.66 R58.915N280 X34.946 Y62.147 R47.63N285 X28.915 Y64.174 R35.963N290 X27.001 Y65.287 R9.78N295 G01 X28.493 Y67.292N300 G02 X35.976 Y70.054 R31.133N305 X37.046 Y70.287 R51.407

N310 G03 X35.841 Y66.56 R34.729N315 X35.368 Y64.617 R56.305N320 G02 X29.919 Y66.464 R33.463N325 X28.493 Y67.292 R7.28N330 G01 Z-.5N335 G00 Z2.N340 X50.002 Y66.148N345 G01 Z-3.N350 X50.002N355 G02 X50.007 Y66.147 R.031N360 X50.06 Y66.133 R.322N365 X50.402 Y65.921 R.993N370 X51.393 Y64.701 R6.087N375 X52.543 Y62.261 R12.017N380 X53.057 Y60.595 R30.908N385 X50.002 Y60.53 R74.877N390 X49.939 Y60.53 R75.033N395 X46.943 Y60.59 R75.033N400 X48.408 Y64.406 R23.403N405 X49.594 Y65.912 R4.535N410 X49.983 Y66.144 R1.481N415 X50.002 Y66.148 R.051N420 G01 Z-.5N425 G00 Z2.N430 X26.792 Y31.14N435 G01 Z-3.N440 G02 X25.567 Y31.776 R46.407N445 X19.223 Y36.28 R31.496N450 X15.312 Y40.829 R25.207N455 X13.158 Y45.274 R17.745N460 X12.428 Y49.082 R15.893N465 X12.394 Y50.104 R15.242N470 X12.645 Y52.861 R15.242N475 X14.008 Y57.017 R16.259N480 X14.802 Y58.503 R21.41N485 G03 X16.803 Y56.534 R16.733N490 X23.72 Y52.118 R32.862N495 X30.367 Y49.602 R43.853N500 X36.501 Y48.164 R62.402N505 X37.191 Y41.133 R65.658N510 X38.536 Y34.949 R50.733N515 X41.181 Y28.144 R38.775N520 X42.139 Y26.474 R17.163N525 G02 X34.404 Y28.138 R52.459N530 X26.792 Y31.14 R46.407N535 G01 X27.911 Y33.376N540 G02 X26.751 Y33.977 R43.907N545 X20.912 Y38.124 R28.996N550 X17.388 Y42.221 R22.707N555 X15.537 Y46.041 R15.245N560 X14.922 Y49.249 R13.393N565 X14.894 Y50.104 R12.742N570 X15.104 Y52.409 R12.742N575 X15.591 Y54.295 R13.759N580 G03 X22.649 Y49.859 R35.362N585 X29.674 Y47.2 R46.353N590 X34.119 Y46.087 R64.902N595 X34.72 Y40.755 R68.158

N600 X36.13 Y34.267 R53.233N605 X37.656 Y29.856 R41.275N610 G02 X35.113 Y30.535 R49.959N615 X27.911 Y33.376 R43.907N620 G01 X29.029 Y35.611N625 G02 X27.936 Y36.179 R41.407N630 X22.6 Y39.968 R26.496N635 X19.464 Y43.614 R20.207N640 X17.917 Y46.807 R12.745N645 X17.417 Y49.417 R10.893N650 X17.395 Y49.919 R10.242N655 G03 X21.577 Y47.601 R37.862N660 X28.981 Y44.798 R48.853N665 X31.785 Y44.055 R67.402N670 X32.249 Y40.377 R70.658N675 X33.716 Y33.617 R55.733N680 G02 X29.029 Y35.611 R41.407N685 G01 X30.148 Y37.847N690 G02 X29.121 Y38.38 R38.907N695 X24.288 Y41.812 R23.996N700 X21.679 Y44.803 R17.707N705 G03 X28.289 Y42.396 R51.353N710 X29.492 Y42.06 R69.902N715 X29.777 Y40. R73.158N720 X30.148 Y37.847 R58.233N725 G01 Z-.5N730 G00 Z2.N735 X73.773 Y31.467N740 G01 Z-3.N745 G02 X68.345 Y29.039 R40.56N750 X60.457 Y26.897 R49.765N755 X58.603 Y26.586 R57.421N760 G03 X60.61 Y30.733 R22.99N765 X62.47 Y37.368 R44.684N770 X63.355 Y43.747 R55.31N775 X63.565 Y48.715 R66.907N780 X79.163 Y55.281 R50.544N785 X84.044 Y60.275 R15.312N790 G02 X84.466 Y59.678 R22.004N795 X86.613 Y55.55 R19.5N800 X87.542 Y51.548 R15.628N805 X87.612 Y50.096 R15.102N810 X87.427 Y47.738 R15.102N815 X86.322 Y43.865 R16.652N820 X80.519 Y36.029 R20.663N825 X73.773 Y31.467 R40.56N830 G01 X72.588 Y33.668N835 G02 X67.494 Y31.389 R38.06N840 X63.009 Y30.013 R47.265N845 G03 X64.922 Y36.881 R47.184N850 X65.847 Y43.548 R57.81N855 X66.028 Y46.761 R69.407N860 X80.505 Y53.172 R53.044N865 X83.778 Y55.85 R17.812N870 G02 X84.274 Y54.669 R17.N875 X85.054 Y51.308 R13.128N880 X85.112 Y50.096 R12.602N885 X84.958 Y48.129 R12.602

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N890 X84.018 Y44.836 R14.152N895 X78.917 Y37.949 R18.163N900 X72.588 Y33.668 R38.06N905 G01 X71.402 Y35.869N910 G02 X66.784 Y33.792 R35.56N915 G03 X67.374 Y36.393 R49.684N920 X68.339 Y43.349 R60.31N925 X68.443 Y44.861 R71.907N930 X81.847 Y51.063 R55.544N935 X82.514 Y51.506 R20.312N940 G02 X82.566 Y51.067 R10.628N945 X82.612 Y50.096 R10.102N950 X82.489 Y48.519 R10.102N955 X81.715 Y45.808 R11.652N960 X77.316 Y39.868 R15.663N965 X71.402 Y35.869 R35.56N970 G01 X70.217 Y38.07N975 G03 X70.819 Y43.006 R62.81N980 X79.393 Y46.735 R58.044N985 G02 X75.715 Y41.788 R13.163N990 X70.217 Y38.07 R33.06N995 G01 Z-.5N1000 G00 Z2.N1005 X48.494 Y47.092N1010 G01 Z-3.N1015 G03 X48.728 Y47.092 R71.327N1020 X50.439 Y47.112 R71.327N1025 X54.275 Y47.311 R69.335N1030 G02 X54.096 Y45.112 R47.82N1035 X53.387 Y40.848 R35.692N1040 X51.935 Y36.433 R25.161N1045 X50.756 Y34.592 R6.899N1050 X50.134 Y34.065 R2.922N1055 X50.014 Y34.018 R.338N1060 X49.815 Y34.095 R.646N1065 X48.633 Y35.346 R3.09N1070 X46.561 Y41.096 R23.796N1075 X45.907 Y45.123 R36.184N1080 X45.739 Y47.154 R47.596N1085 G03 X48.494 Y47.092 R71.327N1090 G01 X48.486 Y44.592N1095 G03 X48.728 Y44.592 R73.827N1100 X50.499 Y44.613 R73.827N1105 X51.525 Y44.645 R71.835N1110 G02 X50.95 Y41.406 R33.192N1115 X50.015 Y38.339 R22.661N1120 X49.002 Y41.634 R21.296N1125 X48.486 Y44.592 R33.684N1130 G01 Z-.5N1135 G00 Z2.N1140 G00 G40 G80 Z.1 M09N1145 G28 G49 Z0 M05N1165 G00 G90 X87.5 Y83.2 S3628 M03N1170 G43 H2 Z.1N1175 M08N1180 Z2.5N1185 G01 Z-2.5N1190 Y87.5N1195 X78.799N1200 G02 X81.352 Y86.412 R65.651N1205 X87.5 Y83.2 R60.729N1210 G01 X90.N1215 Y90.N1220 X56.952N1225 G02 X61.916 Y89.43 R78.456

N1230 X68.082 Y88.253 R74.138N1235 X74.45 Y86.439 R70.966N1240 X80.323 Y84.133 R63.151N1245 X87.376 Y80.344 R58.229N1250 X90. Y78.568 R47.551N1255 G01 Y83.2N1260 X92.5N1265 Y92.5N1270 X21.924N1275 Y87.5N1280 X12.5N1285 Y82.822N1290 G02 X17.063 Y85.336 R59.654N1295 X21.924 Y87.5 R64.765N1300 G01 Y90.N1305 X10.N1310 Y78.153N1315 G02 X10.921 Y78.81 R46.03N1320 X18.173 Y83.096 R57.154N1325 X23.942 Y85.599 R62.265N1330 X30.23 Y87.627 R70.225N1335 X36.339 Y89.007 R73.513N1340 X42.704 Y89.894 R78.118N1345 X43.886 Y90. R79.38N1350 G01 X21.924N1355 Y92.5N1360 X7.5N1365 Y72.845N1370 G02 X12.348 Y76.758 R43.53N1375 X19.283 Y80.856 R54.654N1380 X24.82 Y83.259 R59.765N1385 X30.885 Y85.214 R67.725N1390 X36.786 Y86.547 R71.013N1395 X42.947 Y87.405 R75.618N1400 X49.147 Y87.758 R76.88N1405 X50.418 Y87.769 R77.052N1410 X55.361 Y87.61 R77.052N1415 X61.552 Y86.957 R75.956N1420 X67.51 Y85.82 R71.638N1425 X73.653 Y84.07 R68.466N1430 X79.294 Y81.855 R60.651N1435 X86.044 Y78.228 R55.729N1440 X91.676 Y74.038 R45.051N1445 X92.5 Y73.298 R40.634N1450 G01 Y83.2N1455 X95.N1460 Y95.N1465 X5.N1470 Y66.389N1475 G02 X5.078 Y66.49 R30.901N1480 X8.448 Y70.291 R36.737N1485 X13.775 Y74.705 R41.03N1490 X20.392 Y78.615 R52.154N1495 X25.698 Y80.918 R57.265N1500 X31.539 Y82.801 R65.225N1505 X37.232 Y84.087 R68.513N1510 X43.19 Y84.917 R73.118N1515 X49.188 Y85.259 R74.38N1520 X50.418 Y85.269 R74.552N1525 X55.201 Y85.115 R74.552N1530 X61.188 Y84.483 R73.456N1535 X66.938 Y83.386 R69.138N1540 X72.857 Y81.7 R65.966N1545 X78.265 Y79.576 R58.151N1550 X84.712 Y76.113 R53.229N1555 X90.031 Y72.154 R42.551N1560 X93.819 Y68.345 R38.134N1565 X95. Y66.892 R31.7N1570 G01 Y83.2

N1575 X97.5N1580 Y97.5N1585 X2.5N1590 Y56.074N1595 G02 X3.221 Y58.212 R23.804N1600 X4.678 Y61.328 R26.374N1605 X7.059 Y64.965 R28.401N1610 X10.199 Y68.508 R34.237N1615 X15.202 Y72.652 R38.53N1620 X21.502 Y76.375 R49.654N1625 X26.576 Y78.577 R54.765N1630 X32.193 Y80.388 R62.725N1635 X37.679 Y81.627 R66.013N1640 X43.432 Y82.429 R70.618N1645 X49.229 Y82.759 R71.88N1650 X50.418 Y82.769 R72.052N1655 X55.041 Y82.621 R72.052N1660 X60.824 Y82.01 R70.956N1665 X66.366 Y80.952 R66.638N1670 X72.06 Y79.33 R63.466N1675 X77.236 Y77.298 R55.651N1680 X83.38 Y73.997 R50.729N1685 X88.387 Y70.271 R40.051N1690 X91.927 Y66.711 R35.634N1695 X94.64 Y63.018 R29.2N1700 X96.315 Y59.868 R26.957N1705 X97.485 Y56.682 R24.102N1710 X97.5 Y56.63 R23.201N1715 G01 Y83.2N1720 X92. Z0N1725 G00 Z2.5N1730 X77.659 Y12.5N1735 G01 Z-2.5N1740 X87.5N1745 Y17.346N1750 G02 X83.614 Y15.168 R57.344N1755 X77.659 Y12.5 R64.044N1760 G01 X76.754 Y14.831N1765 G02 X76.707 Y14.812 R61.544N1770 X70.395 Y12.71 R69.672N1775 X64.297 Y11.276 R73.057N1780 X57.93 Y10.335 R77.866N1785 X53.657 Y10. R79.232N1790 G01 X90.N1795 Y22.035N1800 G02 X82.478 Y17.394 R54.844N1805 X76.754 Y14.831 R61.544N1810 G01 X75.85 Y17.161N1815 G02 X75.804 Y17.144 R59.044N1820 X69.719 Y15.117 R67.172N1825 X63.83 Y13.732 R70.557N1830 X57.667 Y12.821 R75.366N1835 X51.568 Y12.421 R76.732N1840 X49.587 Y12.396 R77.166N1845 X45.441 Y12.507 R77.166N1850 X39.187 Y13.103 R76.222N1855 X33.155 Y14.193 R72.113N1860 X27.037 Y15.867 R69.035N1865 X23.452 Y17.152 R61.416N1870 G01 X21.62 Y12.5N1875 G02 X19.401 Y13.421 R66.416N1880 X12.5 Y16.963 R61.69N1885 G01 Y12.5N1890 X21.62N1895 X22.536 Y14.826

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N1900 G02 X20.4 Y15.712 R63.916N1905 X13.629 Y19.201 R59.19N1910 X10. Y21.602 R48.965N1915 G01 Y10.N1920 X45.515N1925 G02 X45.306 Y10.011 R79.666N1930 X38.847 Y10.626 R78.722N1935 X32.606 Y11.754 R74.613N1940 X26.267 Y13.489 R71.535N1945 X22.536 Y14.826 R63.916N1950 G01 X23.452 Y17.152N1955 G02 X21.4 Y18.004 R61.416N1960 X14.914 Y21.345 R56.69N1965 X9.417 Y25.207 R46.465N1970 X7.5 Y26.872 R41.951N1975 G01 Y7.5N1980 X50.N1985 X92.5N1990 Y27.298N1995 G02 X91.288 Y26.23 R37.122N2000 X81.341 Y19.621 R52.344N2005 X75.85 Y17.161 R59.044N2010 G01 X74.945 Y19.492N2015 G02 X74.902 Y19.475 R56.544N2020 X69.043 Y17.524 R64.672N2025 X63.362 Y16.188 R68.057N2030 X57.404 Y15.308 R72.866N2035 X51.504 Y14.92 R74.232N2040 X49.587 Y14.896 R74.666N2045 X45.575 Y15.004 R74.666

N2050 X39.526 Y15.58 R73.722N2055 X33.703 Y16.632 R69.613N2060 X27.807 Y18.246 R66.535N2065 X22.4 Y20.295 R58.916N2070 X16.2 Y23.489 R54.19N2075 X10.998 Y27.144 R43.965N2080 X6.884 Y31.028 R39.451N2085 X5. Y33.277 R32.447N2090 G01 Y5.N2095 X50.N2100 X95.N2105 Y33.765N2110 G02 X89.676 Y28.141 R34.622N2115 X80.204 Y21.847 R49.844N2120 X74.945 Y19.492 R56.544N2125 G01 X74.041 Y21.823N2130 G02 X73.999 Y21.806 R54.044N2135 X68.367 Y19.93 R62.172N2140 X62.895 Y18.644 R65.557N2145 X57.141 Y17.794 R70.366N2150 X51.439 Y17.42 R71.732N2155 X49.587 Y17.396 R72.166N2160 X45.709 Y17.5 R72.166N2165 X39.866 Y18.057 R71.222N2170 X34.252 Y19.071 R67.113N2175 X28.577 Y20.624 R64.035N2180 X23.399 Y22.587 R56.416N2185 X17.486 Y25.633 R51.69N2190 X12.58 Y29.08 R41.465N2195 X8.726 Y32.718 R36.951

N2200 X5.768 Y36.514 R29.947N2205 X3.972 Y39.685 R27.513N2210 X2.697 Y42.895 R24.419N2215 X2.5 Y43.548 R23.422N2220 G01 Y2.5N2225 X50.N2230 X97.5N2235 Y44.081N2240 G02 X97.253 Y43.271 R23.678N2245 X95.932 Y40.007 R24.789N2250 X94.073 Y36.777 R28.145N2255 X88.064 Y30.052 R32.122N2260 X79.067 Y24.074 R47.344N2265 X74.041 Y21.823 R54.044N2270 G01 X76.031 Y16.695 Z0N2275 G00 Z2.5N2280 X50. Y8.N2285 G01 Z-2.5N2290 Y2.5N2295 X97.5N2300 Y97.5N2305 X2.5N2310 Y2.5N2315 X50.N2320 Y8. Z2.5N2325 G00 G40 G80 M09 Z.1N2330 G28 G49 Z0 M05N2335 G28 G91 X0 Y0N2340 M30%

La pieza ya maquinada queda así.

Conclusion.

Haciendo un analisis de este trabajo podemos comprender todo lo que se refiere a la Manufacura Asistida por computadora donde se desmostro la integracion de los software para la ayuda de elaboracion o simulacion de piezasara como una estategia de control automatizado.

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