Maquiavello, Aristóteles e Ibn Jaldún

7/23/2019 Maquiavello, Aristteles e Ibn Jaldn

1/8

Dlqujlvniif, Lrjsttnins n Jko Glico7 susvjsjfons sfkrn il pfitjml

Ufr Dlouni Lojcf y Nznqujni Dlrtonz

JOJ!N

Jotrfcummjo U"#$ %

Dlqujlvniif U"#$ %Lrjsttnins U"#$ &Jko Glico U"#$ '(jkijf#rl)l U"#$ *


2/8

JOS[FC^MMJO

Lotn il pfsjkjijclc cn mfotrlstlr, (l plrtjr cn trns tnxtfs

nspnmbjmfs) ils vjsjfons cn ifs lutfrns dnomjfolcfs no ni ttuif cni prnsnotn

trlklgf, mlkn dnomjfolr liauols munstjfons qun sfo pnrmnptjkins no prjdnrl

jostlomjl7

fcf ajrl no tfrof li fdkrn. Il jcnl

rnolmnotjstl cni fdkrn ns il cni !fdkrn uojvnr"liqun slkn cn tfcf if lmntfcf, sjo snr uo prfbnsjfoli cn olcl.

"


3/8

Ls puns, cnscn if bjifs!bjmf lstl if rnijajfsf lstl if pfitjmf

if nmfo!djmf, tfcf nstlkl cn lmunrcf no nosli'lr, d%s qun ils pfsjkjijclcns

tn!rjmls cni fdkrn no anonrli, ils nbnmtjvjclcns cn ifs arlocns fdkrns, l nstfs

bunrlo arlocns kloqunrfs, mfocfttjnrj, lrtjstls, ijtnrltfs, bji!sfbfs, of tlotf pfr susnspnmjlijclcns, sjof mfdf ngndpifs cn 2vjrt#no ni snotjcf qun no nsn dfdnotf

sn lpijmlkl l nstn vfmlkif, qun jdpijmlkl nonral, mlplmjclc, vfiuotlc.

#o il #clc $ncjl, ni munrpf nrl cnsprnmjlcf, puns sn in

mfosjcnrlkl uol sjdpin m$rmni cni lidl, if jdpfrtlotn nrl ni lidl su slivlmj!o

ntnrol puns ni lidl nrl jodfrtli, no mldkjf no ni =nolmjdjnotf, ni munrpf ns liaf

jrrnouomjlkin sn iinal l rnml'lr il jodfrtlijclc cni lidl. 1lkl uol nrclc

Lksfiutl, il djsj!o cni fdkrn nrl snaujril.

Jcnls cn Dlqujlvniif Il fkrl cn ;jmfi%s $lqujlvniif, olmn cn il mfoguomj!o cn

cfs blmtfrns7 pfr uo ilcf ni tn!rjmf cn s!ijcl bfrdlmj!o udlojstl, pfr ftrf ni cni

fdkrn cn lmmj!o, mfdprfdntjcf no ifs lsuotfs pfitjmfs cn 8ifrnomjl cn il :tlijl

cn lquni dfdnotf jst!rjmf qun in tfm! vjvjr. >fcf niif sn pfcrl cnmjr qun

jobiunomj! cntnrdjolotndnotn no il bfrdlmj!o cn su pnosldjnotf, qun dlcur! no

mfnrnomjl cn if qun d%s tlrcn &i djsdf iildlrl 2vnrclc nbnmtuli.

Ni Uromjpnbun jojmjlcf li djsdf tjndpf qun sus %j"mur"f"

"fkrn il prjdnrl cmlcl cn &jtf Ijvjf#no ifs mulins jotnotlkl nosn-lr mfdf snbfrdlo, sn dlotjnono sn cjsunivno ils rnpkijmls. #o If" %j"mur"f"' sn tnfrj'l

sfkrn lquniil rnpkijml qun plrl ni lutfr nrl il bfrdl d%s litl cni #stlcf,

djnotrls qun no Ni Uromjpn#lkil sfkrn ni prjomjplcf, vjstf mfdf rndncjf pfsjkin

plrl mulocf nst%o lusnotns ils vjrtucns mvjmls qun dlotjnono il rnpkijml sn

lmn onmnslrjf iildlr l nsn 2promjpn f icnr cn nxmnpmj!o.

$lqujlvniif sn fpfol l ifs iildlcfs utfpjstls pfitjmfs

(+ilt!o, /jmnr!o) l niif sn uol uo pnsjdjsdf mfomnkjcf no ifs fdkrns, mul

olturlin'l, &i mfosjcnrlkl, nrl dlivlcl. /fdf sfiumj!o l nstl vjsj!o cni fdkrn,

suran il onmnsjclc cni #stlcf mfdf ojmf rndncjf plrl vnomnr ni jocjvjculijsdf,

fraloj'locf l ifs fdkrns no uol uojclc mfo uo bjo mfdo.

L pnslr cn il 2dlil prnosl qun l tnojcf $lqujlvniif

nstn ijkrf no plrtjmuilr, &i f ns mfosjcnrlcf mfdf ni plcrn cni pnosldjnotf

pfitjmf dfcnrof, l qun bun ni prjdnrf no cncjmlrsn l cnsmrjkjr il rnlijclc pfitjml

tli muli ns, cnglocf cn ilcf ifs pilotnldjnotfs &tjmfs f rnijajfsfs, tnojnocf il

djsdl uo mlr%mtnr nsnomjlidnotn utjijtlrjf, nst% cjrjajcl l uo promjpn, c%ocfin

rnails prlmtjmls sfkrn mfdf ns d%s nbjml' afknrolr.

0i cnsmrjkn mfdf sfo ifs #stlcfs, of mfdf cnkno snr, ns

cn nstl bfrdl mfdf cnsmukrn il 2vnrclc nbnmtjvl. #stf quncl milrf l no il


4/8

cncjmltfrjl l Ifrno'f mulocf cjmn7 'pfrqun dj jotnomj(o !l "jcf qun of n)j"tl

d$" pfdpl * lcfrof qun il vnrclc cn if" !nm!f"'

#stf sn vn milrldnotn tldkj&o no ni /lpjtuif 5, fkgntf cn

nstn lo%ijsjs, mulocf cjmn7 29sjnocf dj jotnomj!o nsmrjkjr uol mfsl tji plrl qujno ilmfdprnocl, dn l plrnmjcf d%s mfovnojnotn snaujr il vnrclc rnli cn il dltnrjl,

qun ifs cnsvlrfs cn il jdlajolmj!o no if mfomnrojnotn l niil. $umfs lo

jdlajolcf =npkijmls prjomjplcfs qun ouoml nxjstjnrfo no rnlijclc. 1l tlotl

cjstlomjl cn m!df sn vjvn l mfdf sn cnknrl vjvjr, qun ni qun cngl ni nstucjf cn if

qun sn lmn plrl nstucjlr if qun sn cnknrl lmnr lprnocn d%s kjno if qun cnkn

fkrlr su rujol qun if qun cnkn prnsnrvlrin cn niil.

#o cnbjojtjvl, l trlv&s cni ijkrf cnsmrjkn ifs d&tfcfs l trlv&s cn ifs mulins

fktnonr dlotnonr ni pfcnr. ;f fkstlotn, mulocf mfdnotl ils lmmjfons cnLaltfmins plrl lmnrsn cni pfcnr no 4jmjijl, no il p.*? cni /lptuif ::: cjmn7 +f "n

puncn iildlr vlifr dltlr l "u" mfomjuclclof"# trljmjfolr l if" ldjaf"# mlrnmnr cn

,n# cn !udlojclc * cn rnijaj(o- n"tf" dncjf" puncno iinvlr l lcqujrjr ni jdpnrjf#

pnrf of il aifrjl.

4u fkrl, il nsmrjkn 2rntjrlcf iunaf cn uol lmtjvl vjcl pfitjml

djijtlr li snrvjmjf cn 8ifrnomjl, uol vn' ijknrlcf cn sus rnspfoslkjijclcns pucf

djrlr brldnotn li fdkrn sus lmmjfons. #o Ni Uromjpn, $lqujlvniif of vl cnscn

ifs prjomjpjfs lstl il rnlijclc, sjof qun lmn nxlmtldnotn if mfotrlrjf, plrtn cn il

rnlijclc nbnmtjvl iunaf cnscn lii, iinal lstl ifs prjomjpjfs anonrlins qun il

rnlijclc in nosn-lo. Ils mlrlmtnrstjmls buocldnotlins qun snao $lqujlvniif cnkn

tnonr ni +romjpn sfo7

+nlijsf#stlr ltnotf plrl mfosuitlr ifs nmfs cnsnotrl-lr il vnrclc

plrl pfcnr fpnrlr mfo nbjmlmjl prnmjsj!o.

N#fsf

Lotnpfonr su pnrsfol l muliqujnr mfosjcnrlmj!o, ngnrmjtlr su

vfiuotlc, cjsmjpijolr su pnosldjnotf l &i sukfrcjolr sus

ndfmjfons, snotjdjnotfs onrvjfs.

-notjcf cni

m"imuif

+rnbnrjr snr tndjcf qun ldlcf. 4j ifarl snr lcnd%s ldlcf,

tlotf dngfr, pfr qun sn afkjnrol d%s nbjml'dnotn mulocf l

mfosnosf.

Jocj)nrnomjl li

kjno y li li

#i promjpn prnbjnrn ni kjno. +nrf sj ns onmnslrjf ngnrmjtlr ni

dli plrl nvjtlr ldnol'ls li pfcnr if cnkn rnlij'lr sjo

rnsqundfrns.

.lkjijclc Il mulijclc cni n"nomjli cni promjpn n" il vjrt, qun ns uolnonral jdpntufsl, qun mfdkjol il cnstrn'l, il lstumjl, il

*


5/8

cntnrdjolmj!o il bunr'l.

-juilmjo y

jntjsf

ni promjpn mfosjaun dngfrns rnsuitlcfs l trlv&s cn il

sjduilmj!o ni brlucn qun dncjlotn ni ndpinf cn il bunr'l.

/rlocnzl 4u cjdnosj!o nst% pfr nomjdl cn il dncjfmrjclc jdpnrlotn.4u anojf if ukjml d%s lii% cni kjno cni dli.

No cn,jojtjvl if qun jdpfrtl plrl dncjr il lmmj(o pfitjml cni promjpn n" "u n,jmlmjl

* of il dfrlijclc jotro"nml cn "u" cnmj"jfon".

L[J]SSNIN]

U5


6/8

6jmf if muli rndlrml milrldnotn, if qun dnomjfo%kldfs li

mfdjno'f, rnspnmtf cn il fraloj'lmj!o pfitjml, sjnocf tli vn' mfovnojnotn rnmfrclr

su pnosldjnotf sfkrn ils bfrdls cn afkjnrof, cn ils mulins, dnomjfolkl trns mfdf

pfsjkins, cnotrf cn su milsjbjmlmj!o7 ni cn uof (dfolrqul, ni cn pfmfs (lrjstfmrlmjlu fijalrqul), ni cn tfcfs (cndfmrlmjl), sn-lilocf no mlcl uof uol bfrdl kunol

uol mfrrfdpjcl. >n!rjmldnotn, jcnotjbjml l il dfolrqul mfdf il dngfr, pnrf &i sn

jomijol d%s pfr uol fijalrqul, luoqun lcdjtl tldkj&o qun ns d%s snaurl il

cndfmrlmjl, no mulotf, sj kjno, cjmn, ns il dnofs kunol cn ils bfrdls kunols cn

afkjnrofs, ns ls djsdf, il dnofs dlil cn ils dlils.

#o il mfomnpmj!o lrjstft&ijml, ni #stlcf puncn lsudjr

cjvnrsls bfrdls, ns cnmjr, cjstjotls mfostjtumjfons. 6lcf qun ni afkjnrof puncn snr

ngnrmjcf pfr fovjnon pun" qun no

H


7/8

il 2npkijml qun n"t kjno dn1milcl plrn1ml !lknr uol * ftrl ,frdl cn afkjnrof# *

pfr ftrl plrtn qun of prnvlin1ml oj il uol oj il ftrl'3

LKNOGLICO

#o mulotf li tnxtf rnbnrjcf l Lknoglico, (mlstniiloj'lmj!o cn

Jko Glico3) pfcndfs cnmjr, qun nxjstn uol sndnglo'l no rnbnrnomjl l il fkrl cn

$lqujlvniif, l qun no ldkfs mlsfs, sn trltl cn mfosngfs li afknrolotn, luoqun

no Lknoglico, nstfs nst%o cjrjajcfs nxmiusjvldnotn, l pfcnr iinvlr uol kunol

lcdjojstrlmj!o afkjnrof, no munstjfons pr%mtjmls nobfmlcls l ifs lmtfs cn

ngnrmjmjf cni pfcnr, of, no mulotf l sfkrn mfdf lcqujrjrif f mfosnrvlrif, nstlocf

aujlcfs buocldnotlidnotn pfr if qun pfcrldfs iildlr ni cnknr "nr.

>li vn' mlkrl lmilrlr, ni tjndpf nsplmjf, no ni qun nstf bun

nsmrjtf, f snl curlotn ifs l-fs cn cfdjojf dusuid%o no #spl-l kunol plrtn cni

$ncjtnrr%onf, curlotn ni muli ifs cjvnrsfs /lijbltfs, tnolo nstlkinmjcls prfvjomjls,

no ils mulins cnsjaolklo afknrolcfrns, muf pfcnr nrl cninalcf pfr il lutfrjclc

d%xjdl cn nsfs /lijbls, mfo if muli sn notjnocn, ni snotjcf itjdf cn nstls

rnmfdnoclmjfons, nsnomjlidnotn cjrjajcls l nstfs afknrolcfrns, mfo ni fkgntjvf,

mfdf cnmldfs d%s lrrjkl, cn prfpjmjlr uo kuno afkjnrof lcdjojstrlmj!o pfr

plrtn cn nstfs buomjfolrjfs, mfo niif prfpnocnr l il arlocn'l cni #stlcf, qun l

niifs tldkj&o nodlrmlkl7 +f lmnptn" olcl cn olcjn n)mnptf il inlitlc# il"jomnrjclc * il ,jcnijclc l il d$)jdl lutfrjclc cni N"tlcf 4notnomjl qun

notnocndfs nst% nobfmlcl lmjl il bjaurl cni /lijbl.

Lrjsttnins$ +fitjml fi.: /lp. :5 pp.on', Lranijl $lrrunmfs ls mfdfno ni rnjof ;l'lr cn rlolcl, cni muli bun ndklglcfr lotn +ncrf : ni /runi, rn cn/lstjiilB rnsuit! nomlrmnilcf cfs vnmns. Jko Glico, l lcuitf, cncjml ni rnstf cnsu vjcl l nstucjlr rnbinxjfolr sfkrn ifs nmfs sfmjlins, nmfo!djmfs n jst!rjmfs.#s nstn mfofmjdjnotf ni qun vuniml no su fkrl. +lrl niif, cnscn


8/8

6nkn dnomjfolrsn qun :ko @lico, of sfildnotn bun uo

jstfrjlcfr sfmj!ifaf, sjof uo lmtfr pfitjmf cn il &pfml qun in tfm! vjvjr, lmtulocf

mfdf buomjfolrjf, lsnsfr f cjpifd%tjmf no cjvnrsls /frtns cn il &pfml cn il

rnaj!o cni $ncjtnrr%onf, lkjnocf subrjcf tldkj&o pnrsnmumjfons m%rmni, (ftrfplrlinijsdf mfo il vjcl cn $lqujlvniif).

#s prfklkindnotn, nstl nxpnrjnomjl, il qun if iinvl l nsmrjkjr

su fkrl Li8 Duqulccjdl!, tldkj&o dnomjfolcl mfdf +rfina!dnofs, Ijkrf cn ifs

#gndpifs, f :otrfcummj!o l il 1jstfrjl, il muli mfostl cn vlrjfs vfidnons, qun sn

puncn cnmjr lotjmjplcfrl cn mfomnptfs, qun of snrlo cnslrrfiilcfs no mmjcnotn

sjof lstl dumf tjndpf cnspu&s, pfr if muli ns mfosjcnrlcf pfr liauofs lutfrns

mfdf ni plcrn cn il "fmjfifaln jomiusf ,uoclcfr cn il nmfofdl pfitjml!.

(J(ldkj&o notrnftrls mfsls Jko Glico "n lotjmjpl no vlrjf" "jaif" l Dlr)# no il l,jrdlmj(o qun n"

ni dncjf "fmjli * of il !nrnomjl qujno mfocjmjfol li jocjvjcuf * if" arupf" "fmjlin"8unotn7 8uoclmj!o cn /uiturl :si%djml .buomj.fra.nsH-1lsucco Nil :ostjtutf Lranotjof cn /uiturl :si%djml. .nkjsild.mfd

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Maquiavello, Aristóteles e Ibn Jaldún