Materiales Básicos II Semestre

7/24/2019 Materiales Bsicos II Semestre

1/77

Najgida hg Fknmdjjgrgs hgj Gstkha hg Nk`pgnmg

Knkhg`dk Gstktkj hg Jgliuk Khdndalkj kj Gspkaj

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Rraegsark? HzdfVk`rgzHajargs@krk


2/77

Knkhg`dk Gstktkj hg Dlijs ^g`gstrg 62;5-K WKN Jgliuk Khdndalkj kj Gspkaj DD

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Jdn. _ujglk Hgldsg Vuz Ngltgla.Jdn. Oukl Vk`l Xul Krrghalha.Jdn. Untar @klugj Rrgz Fkjkl.Jdn. Mgrfgrtm @krhaquga Rgnm Naltrgrks.Jdn. Mu`fgrta Kjergha [udltkj Nartgs

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jas hanu`gltas gjkfarkhas y rgvdskhas par jk Knkhg`dk Gstktkj hg Dlijs hgj Nafknk`.

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3/77

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mkngrynulha.


5/77


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6/77


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7/77


NAFKNK@


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8/77


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5/;9

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qug

jas

kju`las

y

kju`

lks

jashgsnrdfklg

dhgltdedquglsus

nkrkntgrstdnks.

âjdndtkr

kj

kju`lkha

su

hgsnrdpndl

pgrsalkj.

âjdndtkrjgnturk

hg

ul

tgxta.

Rrgsgltkr`ktgrdk

jhgj

usahgjas

na`pkrktdvas,

supgrjktdvayhg

diukjhkh

.

Vgna`glhkr

qug

vdsdtgl

k

jiulks

pidlks

gjgntrldnks

safrg

gogrndnda

s

y

gxpjdnkndl

hg

jks

ear`ks

y

usa

hgj

na`pkrktdva

y

supgrjktdva.

Rrgsgltkr

sgi`glta

kuhdtdva.

Dhgltdednkr

jas

khogtdvas

`s

usukjgs

rgegrgltgs

k

jk

hgsnrdpndl

hg

pgrsalks,

afogtasyjuikrgs.

Vghkntkr

ulk

hgsnrdpndl

hg

s`dsà

y

su

gltarla

y

prgsgltkrja

kj

irupa,

gsnunmkr

nal

rgspgta

g

dltgrs

jks

hgsnrdpndalgs

hgjrgsta

hgjirupa.

Jggr

ul

tgxta,

na`prglhgr

jks

dhgks

prdlndpkjgs

y

naltgstkr

prgiultks.

Vgsajvgr

gogrndndas

gl

gqudpas

qug

hglatkl

na`pkrkndalgs

gltrg

pgrsalks,

juikrgs

y

afogtas,

dhgltdednklhajks

rgijksirk`ktdnkjgs.

Vgnalangrjksear`ks

hg

na`pkrkndl

hg

khogtdvas

glsushdstdltasirkhas.

;.-^g

nala

ng

y

vkjarkks`

dsà

y

kfarhk

prafjg`ksy

rgtas

tgldglha

gl

nugltk

jas

afogtdvas

qug

pgrsdiug.

8.-

Gsnunmk,

dltgrprgtk

yg`dtg

`glskogs

pgrtdlgltgs

gl

hdstdltasnalt

gxtas

`ghdkltg

jk

utdjdzkndl

hg

`ghdas,nhdiasy

mgrrk`dgltks

kprapdkhas.

9.-

Kprglhg

par

dldndktdvkgdl

tgrs

prapda

k

ja

jkria

hgjkvdhk.

;.;

Glergltk

jkshdednujtkhgs

qug

sg

jg

prgsgltkygs

nalsndgltghg

sus

vkjargs,

eartkjgzks

y

hgfdjdhkhgs.

8.

8

^g

naùldnk

gl

ulk

sgiulhk

jgliuk

gl

sdtukndalgs

natdhdklks.

9.>

Krtdnujk

skfgrgs

hg

hdvgrsas

nk`pas

y

gstkfjgng

rgjkndalgs

gltrg

gjjas

y

su

vdhk

natdhdklk.

;,6,8,7,

=,;2,;;,

;6

Jdstk

hg

natgoa

pkrk

vgrdednkr

qug

su

hgsnrdpndl

naltg

lik

jas

gjg`gltas

lgngskrdas

pkrk

skfgr

hg

j

a

gjjk

y

su

gltarla.

Nugstdalkrdas

pkrk

vkjarkr

jk

na`p

rglsdl

jgnta

rk.

Jdstk

hg

natgoa

nal

gjg`gltas

qug

gvkj

gl

jk

na`p

rglsdl

irk`

ktdnkj

hgj

na`p

krktdva,

supgrjktdva

y

hg

diukjhkh

,

k

trkvs

hggogrndndas.

Gogrn

dndas

halhg

gj

kju`la

ùgstrg

su

kprgl

hdzkog

rgspgnta

kj

usa

hg

na`p

krktdvas,

supgrjktdvas

y

hg

diukjhkh

.

Rastgrs,

j`dlks,

maokshggogrndndasy

prntdnksmklhauts

/

warcsmggts

gjkfarkhks

par

gj

praegsarakhkptkhks

hgtgxtasasdtdashg

dltgrlgt,

prgsgltkndalgs

gjgntrldnks,

sgi`gltas

kuhdtdvas

hdhntdnas,vdhgas,

`ktgrdkjgskutltdnas

Vgkjdzk

(afogtas

rgkjgs)

,

tgxtas

a

kuhdas

aftgldhas

hg

dltgrlgt,nalsujtk

gl

sdtdas

hg

dltgrlgt

suigrdhas

y

atras

kpartkhas

par

gj

nugrpahangltg.


9/77


NAFKNK@


HDA^

9/;9

âjdndtkr

jk

prgsgltkndl

hg

ulk

nalvgrskndlsgl

ndjjk.

Rrgsgltkrdìglgshg

pgrsalks,

afogta

s

y

juikrgspkrkqug

gjkju`lkha

hgsnrdfk

sus

hdegrglndks

y

sd`djdtuhgs.

Arikldzkr

ul

nalnursa

hg

hgjgtrga

utdjdzklha

vankfujkrda

rgjkndalkha

nal

hgsnrdptargs

hg

pgrsalks,

afogtas

y

juikrgs.

Rrgsgltkrgxk`g

l

nal

gjg`gltas

irk`ktdnkjgs

y

hg

vankfujkrda

rgegrgltg

kjfjaqug.

Vgkjdzkr

prgsgltkndalgs

frgvgs

halhg

sg

hgsnrdfkl

kjiulas

irupas

sandkjgs,

jasjuikrgs

halhg

vdvgl

ya

fogtas

nkrkntgrstdnas

qug

sal

pkrtg

h

g

su

dhgltdhkh

a

gltarla.

T

sajdndtkr

k

jas

gstuhdkltgs

jkna

lsujtk

glsdtdashgdltgrlgt

.

Gsnunmkr

ul

sgi`glta

kuhdtdva

y

rgnalangrjas

hktas

d`partkltgs

gl

jas

qug

sg

gstkfjgngl

hgsnrdpndalgs

y

na`pkrkndalgs

pgrsalks,

afogtasyjuikrgs.

Hdsgkr

ulk

nalvgrskndl

sglndjjk

rgjkndalkhk

nal

gj

gstkfjgnd`dglta

hg

na`pkrkndalgs

gl

nalvgrskndalgs

sglndjjks,

àstrklha

kntdtuh

hg

rgspgtaytajgrklndk

pkrk

sus

na`pkgras

y

na`pkgrks.

Vghkntkr

tgxtas

sd`pjgs

qug

dlnjuyk

na`pkrkndalgs

gltrg

pgrsalks

,afogtasy

juikrgs,àstrklhaulk

kntdtuh

hgrgspgta.

Rkrtdndpkrglgjnalnursa

hghgjgtrga.

Vgsajvgr

gxk`gl

hgàstrklha

gj

usa

narrgnta

hg

khogtdvas

gl

su

ear`k

na`pkrktdvk,

supgrjktdvkyhgdiukjhkh

.

Fusnkr

gl

sdtdas

hg

dltgrlgt

dlear`kndl

safrg

pgrsalkogs

ekàsas

y

naùldhkhgs

dlhiglks

gl

su

rgidl

apks

,

juikrgs

d

jd

d

d

d

;2.-@kltdglgulk

kntdtuhrgspg

tuask

kltg

jk

dltgrnujturkjdh

kh

y

hdvgrsdhkh

hg

nrgglndks,vk

jargs

dhgks

y

prntdnks

sandkjgs.

RVD@GV

RKVNDKJ

(;7-;=@KV_A)

;2.6Hdkjaik

ykprglhghg

pgrsalks

nal

hdstdltas

pultas

hg

vdstk

y

trkhdndalgs

nujturkjgs

`ghdkltg

jk

ufdnkndl

hg

sus

prapdks

ndrnulstklndks

gl

ul

naltgxta

`s

k`pjda.

Nugstdalkrdas

nal

prgiultks

pkrk

gvkju

kr

jk

na`p

rglsdl

kuhdtdvk

.

Vfrdnk

pkrk

vkjarkr

gjg`gltas

rgjkn

dalkhas

nal

jk

ejudhgz

,

pralu

lndkndl

y

jk

kpjdnkndl

hg

gstrunturks

irk`

ktdnkjgs

ks

naà

kspgntas

kntdtuhdlkjgs.

Vfrdnkpkrkvgrdednkr

kjiul

askspgntashg

jkrghknndl

tkjgs

naà

rgijkshg

pultukndl

,

artai

rkek

,

namg

rglndk

y

gjg`

gltas

irk`

ktdnkjgs.

Jdstk

hg

natgoa

pkrk

gvkjukr

j

d

Gxk`

gl

gsnrdta

dd

d

d

Vfrdnkpkrkvgrdednkr

supr

angsahg

dlvgs

tdikndl,gjusa

hgt

pdna.

Rartk

eajdahg

gvdhg

lndks?

prgsg

ltkndl.


10/77


NAFKNK@


HDA^

=/;9


11/77


NAFKNK@


HDA^

4/;9

Fjaqug?

DD

DLIJ

G^DD

La`frghgjfjaqug

VGJKXK^@A@GLXA^D@RAVXKLXG^HGJRK^KHA

Ksdilkndlhgtdg`pa?

;6

Hgsg`pga

shgjgstuhdkltgkjnalnjudrgjfjaqug

Vgnalangsdtukndalgspkskhksglultgxtasglndjja.

âjdndtkgdltgrnk`fdkdlear`kndlrgegrgltgkkntdvdhkhgsysdtukndalgsprapdksyhgtg

rngrkspgrsalksglgjpkskha,

hg`klgrka

rkjygsnrdtk,glnaltgxtassglndjjash

gsandkjdzkndlyrgnrgkndl.

Wskjksgstrunturksirk`ktdnkjgspkrkhgsnrdfdrsd

tukndalgsglgjpkskha.


Kntdvdhkhgsh

g

Glsgklzk

Kntdvdhkhgshg

Kprglhdzkog

Na`pgtglndk

s

iglrdnks

Ktrdfutas

Na`pgtglndks

hdsndpjdlkrgs

Dlstru`gltas

hgG

vkjukndl

@ktgrdkjHdhntdna

Kntdvdhkhgshg

gspkrnd`dglta.

Kntdvdhkhgs

gsnajkrgs.

Kntdvdhkhgs

hgpartdvks.

Rkskhasd`pjg

UgrfaXaFg.

Ugrfas

rgiujkrgs.

Ugrfas

drrgiujkrgs.

Gxprgsdalgs

hg

tdg`papkrkgj

pkskha.

Arikldzkrkjkju`lkha

pkrk

prg

sgltkr

hgsnrdpndalgs

s

afrg

sus

kntdv

dhkhgs

natdhdklks.

Rrgsgltkr

ul

tgxta

gl

gj

qug

sg

prgsgltk

j

j

d

j

d

j

j

j

d

jd

j

d

âjdndtkr

jk

hgsnrdpndl

hg

sus

kntdv

dhkhgs

pkskhks,

utdjdzklha

`ktgrdkjgs

vdsukjgs

naà

nk

rtgjgs,

mdstardgtks,

gltrg

atras.

Hkr

ulk

gxpjdnkndl

frgvg

safrg

jksear`ks

irk`ktdnkjgs

hgj

pkskha

sd`pjg

safrg

jas

vgrfas

rgiujkrgs

g

drrgiujkrgs.

Hgsnrdfdr

sus

kntdvdhkhgs

hdkrdks.

Jggr

nal

ktglndl

g

dhgltdednkry

na`prglhgr

dhgks

iglgrkjgs

gl

ul

tgxta

frgvgrgegrgltg

k

kntdvdhkhgs

rgkjdzkhks

gl

gj

pkskha

par

tgrngrks

pgrsalks

gl

Hgsnrdfdr

jks

kntdvdhkhgs

gl

gj

pkskha

ngrnkla

qug

j`dsà

ypgrsalks

ngrnklks

rgkjdzkral,

mkndglha

usa

hg

`ktgrdkjgs

vdsukjgs

naà

nkrtgjgs,

mdstardgtks,

gtn.

Dhgltdednkr

jk

hdegrglndk

gl

jk

ear`k

hg

vgrfas

rgiujkrgsg

drrgiujkrgs

gl

gjpkskha

y

na`prglhgr

sus

ear`ks

gl

gj

pkskha.

(Kedr`ktdva,

lgiktdva,

prgiultk

y

rgspugstks

nartks)

y

rgkjdzkr

ul

arikldzkhar

;.-^g

nala

ng

y

vkjarkks`

dsà

y

kfarhk

prafjg`ksy

rgtas

tgldglha

gl

nugltk

jas

afogtdvas

qug

pgrsdiug.

8.-

Gsnunmk,

dltgrprgtkyg`dtg

`glskogs

pgrtdlgltgs

gl

hdstdltasnalt

gxtas

`ghdkltg

jk

utdjdzkndl

hg

`ghdas,nhdiasy

mgrrk`dgltks

kprapdkhas.

9.-

Kprglhg

par

dldndktdvkgdl

tgrs

prapda

k

ja

jkria

hgjkvdhk.

;.;

Glergltk

jkshdednujtkhgs

qug

sg

jg

prgsgltkygs

nalsndgltghg

sus

vkjargs,

eartkjgzks

y

hgfdjdhkhgs.

8.

8

^g

naùldnk

gl

ulk

sgiulhk

jgliuk

gl

sdtukndalgs

natdhdklks.

9.>

Krtdnujk

skfgrgs

hg

hdvgrsas

nk`pas

y

gstkfjgng

rgjkndalgs

;,6,8,7,

=,;2,;;,

;6

Vfrdnk

pkrk

gvkju

kr

hgsnrdpndalgs.

Nugstdalkrda

pkrk

gvkju

kr

jk

na`p

rglsdl

hg

jkir

k`tdnk,

Jdstk

hg

natgoa

pkrk

vgrdednkr

gj

usa

hgj

pkskha

sd`pjg

gl

su

hgsn

rdpndl

Vfrdnk

qug

gstkf

jgznk

kspgntas

qug

hgfg

hg

nalt

glgr

gj

arikl

dzkharirkedna

Vfrdnk

qug

pgr`

dtkl

vgrdednkr

su

prangsa

hg

dlvgs

tdikndl,

rgjkndalkha

kj

tpdn

a.

Rastgrs,j`dlks

,maokshggogrndndasy

prntdnksmklhauts/

warcsmggts

gjkfarkhkspargj

praegsarakhkptkhks

hgtgxtasasdtdashg

dltgrlgt,

prgsgltkndalgs

gjgntrldnks,

sgi`gltaskuhdtdvas

hdhntdnas,vdhgas,

`ktgrdkjgskutltdnas

Vgkjdzk

(afogtas

rgkjgs)

,

tgxtas

a

kuhdas

aftgldhas

hg

dltgrlgt,nalsujtk

gl

sdtdas

hg

dltgrlgt

suigrdhas

y

atras

kpartkhas

par

gj

nugrpahangltg.


12/77

KNKHG@DKHGDLI

JG^DD62;5-K

NAFKNK@

HA^DED

NKNDLHGJRVAIVK@KHGG^XWHDA^

;2/;9

âjdndtkr

ul

arikldzkhar

iredna

safrg

jks

ear`

ks

hgj

pkskha

sd`pjg

nuyk

gltrgik

hgfgr

mkngrsg

par

narrga

gjgntrldna.

Vgna`glhkr

qug

vdsdtgl

k

jiulks

pidlks

gjgntrldnks

safrg

gogrndndas

y

gxpjdnkndl

hg

jks

ear`ks

y

usa

hgj

tdg`papkskha.

Ksdilkr

tgxtas

hg

na`prgsdl

hg

jgnturk

y

sgi`

gltas

kuhdtdvas

qug

eartkjgznkl

gju

sahg

jk

irk`tdnk

y

vankfujkrda

gl

jas

qug

sg

ùgstrg

jk

hdvgrsdhkh

nujturkj

hg

lugstrapks.

Ear`kr

gqudpas

`dxtas

y

sajdndtkrul

gsnrdta

frgvg

safrg

knndalgshgjpksk

ha.

Ear`kr

gqudpas

y

iudkrkjkju`lkh

a

gl

jk

gjkfarkndlh

g

ulk

prgsgltkndlark

j.

iredna

safrg

jksear`ks

hgjpkskhasd`pjg.

Udsdtkr

pidlks

gl

dltgrlgt

gl

halhg

fusqugl

gogrndndas

y

gxpjdnkndl

hg

jks

ear`ks

y

usa

hgjtdg`pa

pkskha.

Dhgltdednkr

gjnalngpta

hg

kntdvdhkhgs

y

mgnmas

gxprgskhas

gl

tdg`pa

pkskha

sd`pjg,

naà

knndalgs

tgr`dlkhks,

k

trkvs

hg

ultgxta

arkjagsnrdta

.

Vghkntkr

tgxtas

sd`pjgs

qug

naltglikl

hgsnrdpndalgs

hg

kntdvdhkhgs

prapdks

y

hg

tgrngrks

pgrsalks

gl

gj

pkskha,

pughg

sgr

ja

qug

rgkjdzkral

hurkltg

gjpgraha

dltgrsg`gstrkj,

gj

sg`gstrg

pkskha,

gj

pgraha

vknkndalkj,

jk

utdjdzklha

gj

lugva

vankfujkrda

khgnukhk`gltg.

Vgkjdzkr

pgqugas

hdjaias

y/a

hrk`ktdzkndalgs

gl

jas

qug

hgsnrdfkl

sus

kntdvdhkhgs

gl

gjpkskha

ngrnkla,

jk

hg

sussgrgs

ngrnklas

y

prgiultg

par

jks

hg

atras,

àstrklha

ulkkntdtuh

pkrtdndpktdvk.

=.-

Rkrtdndpk

y

najkfark

hg

`klgrk

gegntdvk

gl

gq

udpas

hdvgrsas

;2.-@kltdglgulk

kntdtuhrgspgtuask

kltg

jk

dltgrnujturkjdh

kh

y

hdvgrsdhkh

hg

nrgglndks,vk

jargs

dhgks

y

prntdnks

sandkjgs.

^GIWLHA

RKVNDKJ

(;2-;>@KTA)

gltrg

gjjas

y

su

vdhk

natdhdklk.

=.;Rkrtdndpk

ynajkfarkhg

`klgrk

gegntdvk

k

ja

jkria

hg

jk

vdhk.

;2.6Hdkjaik

ykprglhghg

pgrsalks

nal

hdstdltas

pultas

hg

vdstk

y

trkhdndalgs

nujturkjgs

`ghdkltg

jk

ufdnkndl

hg

sus

prapdks

ndrnulstklndks

gl

ul

naltgxta

`s

k`pjda.

Nugstdalkrdapkrk

gvkju

kr

na`p

rglsdl

kuhdtdvky/a

jgnta

rk.

Vfrdnkpkrk

vgrdednkrkjiulas

kspgntashgjk

rghknndl

tkjgs

naà,

namg

rglndk

,

vankfujkrday

gjg`

gltas

irk`

ktdnkjgs.

Vfrdnk

pkrk

vkjarkrgjg`gltas

rgjkn

dalkhas

nal

jkeju

dhgz

,

khg`

shg

kspgntas

kntdtuhdlkjgs.


13/77

KNKHG@DKHGDLI

JG^DD62;5-K

NAFKNK@

HA^DED


;;/;9


14/77

KNKHG@DKHGDLI

JG^DD62;5-K

NAFKNK@

HA^DED


;6/;9

Fjaqug?

DDD

DLIJ

G^DD

La`frghgjfjaqug

^DI

WG^

DL^XVWNNDALG^TNA@RVGLHG^

VGIJK@GLXA^

Ksdilkndlhgtdg`pa?

;6

Hgsg`pga


Vgnalangdl

strunndalgs,rhglgs,suigrglndks,y

pramdfdndalgsglultgxtanarta.

âjdndtk

gdltgrnk`fdk

hg

`klgrk

arkjy

gsnrdtk

dlear`kndl

rgegrgltg

k

dlstrunnda

lgs,rhglgs,suigrglndks

y

pramdfdndalg

s,glsdtukndalgssglndjjkshgsandkjdzkndlyrgnrgkndlajkfarkjgs.

G`pjgk

jks

gstrunturks

irk`ktdnkjgs

pkrk

sgiudrdlstrunndalgs,arhglgs,suigrgl

ndks

y

pramdfdndalgs

gl

ulk

sdtukndlna

ùldnktdvk.


Kntdvdhkhgsh

g

Glsgklzk

Kntdvdhkhgshg

Kprglhdzkog

Na`pgtglndk

s

iglrdnks

Ktrdfutas

Na`pgtglndks

hdsndpjdlkrgs

Dlstru`gltas

hgG

vkjukndl

@ktgrdkjHdhntdna

Kntdvdhkhgshg

gspkrnd`dglta.

Kntdvdhkhgs

gsnajkrgs.

Kntdvdhkhgsgl

juikrgs

pfjdnas.

Kntdvdhkhgsgl

ngltrashg

trkfkoa.

D`pgrktdvas.

(nkl,`ky,nkl

lat,`kylat)

Ugrfasàhkjgs

(smaujh,smaujhl

t,ùst,ùstlt,

mkvgta,halt/

hagsltmkvgta).

Rrgsgltkr

dlstru

ntdvas

y

rgijk`

gltas

sgkjk`dgltas.

Rrgsgltkrrsgi`g

ltas

dd

j

d

j

j

j

j

d

j

d

Vgna`glhkr

qug

vdsdtglkjiulksp

idlks

gjgntrldnks

a

eugltg

fdfjdairednk

safrg

gogrndndas

y

gxpjdnkndl

hg

jks

ear`ks

y

usa

hg

arkndalgs

d`pgrktdvks,

sgkjk`dgltas,

gltrg

atras.

Iudkr

kj

kju`lkha

gl

jk

gjkfarknd

l

hg

ul

praygnta

gl

gjqug

hdsggl

rgijk`

gltas

pkrk

jk

gsnugjk,nksk

a

kjil

sdtda

hg

trkfkoa

y

kyuhk

rjg

gl

sus

huhks,

ja

rghkntgl

y

hdsggl

ulk

gstrktgidk

hg

hdeusdl

nal

jas

usukrdas

hg

gsg

Na`prglhgr

jksdhgks

prdlndpkjgs

hg

tgxtas

naà

dlstruntdvasy

rgijk`gltas,

halhg

sg

dlhdnklpramdfdndl,

suigrglndk

,

dlstrunndalgs,nalsgoas,

gltrgatras.

Vgnalangr

dlear`kndl

d`partkltg

hg

sgi`glta

kuhdtdva

rgjkndalkha

nal

dlstrunndalgsa

rgijk`gltas

.

Vgnalangrgjusa

hg

jas

prdlndpkjgs

vgrfas

àhkjgs

qug

dlhdnkl

pramdfdndl,

@ust-@ustlat

Mkvgta-

^maujh-^maujhlat

@ky-`kylat

Nkl-nkllat

T

suear`kdltgrraiktdvk.

;.-^g

nala

ng

y

vkjarkks`

dsà

y

kf

arhk

prafjg`ksy

rgtas

tgldglha

gl

nugltk

jas

afogtdvas

qug

pgrsdiug.

8.-

Gsnunmk,

dltgrprgtk

yg`dtg

`glskogs

pgrtdlgltgs

gl

hdstdltasnaltgxtas

`ghdkltg

jk

utdjdzkndl

hg

`ghdas,nhdiasy

mgrrk`dgltks

kprapdkhas.

9.-

Kprglhg

par

dldndktdvkgdl

tgrs

prapda

k

ja

jkria

hgjkvdhk.

;.;

Glergltk

jkshdednujtkhgs

qug

sg

jg

prgsgltkygs

nalsndgltghg

sus

vkjargs,

eartkjgzks

y

hgfdjdhkhgs.

8.

8

^g

naùldnk

gl

ulk

sgiulhk

jgliuk

gl

sdtukndalgs

natdhdklks.

9.>

Krtdnujk

skfgrgs

hg

hdvgrsas

nk`pas

y

gstkfjgng

rgjkndalgs

gltrg

gjjas

y

6,8,7,=,

;2,;;,;6

Jdstkshgnatgoa

pkrk

gvkjukrjk

na`p

rgsdl

jgntark

.

Nugstdalkrdas

pkrk

gvkjukrjk

na`p

rgsdl

kuhdtdvk.

Gxk`

glgsnrdta

y

arkjs

afrgjas

vgrfa

sàhkjgs.

Vfrdnk

pkrk

vkjarkrkjiulas

kspgntas

hg

jk

rghkn

ndl

hgj

prayg

nta,

gl

tr`dlas

hguskr

narrgntk`gltg

jas

gjg`gltas

pralulndkndl,

namgrglndky

ejudhg

z.

Rastgrs,j`dlks

,maokshggogrndndasy

prntdnksmklhauts/

warcsmggts

gjkfarkhkspargj

praegsarakhkptkhks

hgtgxtasasdtdashg

dltgrlgt,

prgsgltkndalgs

gjgntrldnks,

sgi`gltaskuhdtdvas

hdhntdnas,vdhgas,

`ktgrdkjgskutltdnas

Vgkjdzk(afogtas

rgkjgs),tgxtasa

kuhdasaftgldhashg

dltgrlgt,nalsujtkgl

sdtdashgdltgrlgt

suigrdhasyatras

kpartkhaspargj

nugrpahangltg.


15/77

KNKHG@DKHGDLI

JG^DD62;5-K

NAFKNK@

HA^DED


;>/;9

rgijk`glta

.

Hdsgkr

ul

rgijk`glta

pkrk

kpjdnkr

gl

jk

gsnugjk

(skjl,

jkfarktarda,

fdfjdatgnk)

nksk

a

kjil

sdtda

jkfarkj

(tkjjgr

hg

krtgsklks,

pklkhgrk,

g`prgsk).

Wlk

vgz

nalnjudha

hgfgrl

prgsgltkrja

kjirupa,

gj

nukjouikrk

gjpkpgjhg

usukrda

hgjgspknda

pkrk

gjqug

eug

hdsgkha

gj

rgijk`glta

y

rgkjdzkr

prgiultks

y

sajdndtkr

knjkrkndalgs

safrg

gj

`ds`a

.

=.-

Rkrtdndpk

y

najkfark

hg

`klgrk

geg

ntdvk

gl

gqudpas

hdvgrsas

;2.-@kltdglg

ulk

kntdtuhrgspgtuask

kltg

jk

dltgrnujturkjdh

kh

y

hdvgrsdhkh

hg

nrgglndks,vk

jargs

dhgks

y

prn

tdnks

sandkjgs.

su

vdhk

natdhdklk.

=.;Rkrtdndpk

ynajkfarkhg

`klgrk

gegntdvk

k

ja

jkria

hg

jk

vdhk.

;2.6Hdkjaik

ykprglhghg

pgrsalks

nal

hdstdltas

pultas

hg

vdstk

y

trkhdndalgs

nujturkjgs

`ghdkltg

jk

ufdnkndl

hg

sus

prapdks

ndrnulstklndks

gl

ul

naltgxta

`s

k`pjda.


16/77

KNKHG@DKHGDLI

JG^DD62;5-K

NAFKNK@

HA^DED


;8/;9


17/77

KNKHG@DKHGDLI

JG^DD62;5-K

NAFKNK@

HA^DED


;7/;9

Fjaqug?

DU

DLIJ

G^DD

La`frghgjfjaqug

MKNG^RJKLG^RKVKGJEWXWVA

Ksdilkndlhgtdg`pa?

;6

Hgsg`pga


Dhgltdednky

na`prglhgdhgksglultgxtasgln

djja.

âjdndtkgdltgrnk`fdkdlear`kndlhg`klgrk

arkjygsnrdtkrgegrgltgkkntdvdhk

hgsysdtukndalgsprapdksy

hgtgrngrks

pgrsalksrgjkndalkhasnalpjklgs

keutura.

Na`prglhg

yutdjdzkjksgstrunturksirk`ktdnk

jgshgjtdg`paeuturahgltraglulksdtukndlnaùldnktdvk.


Kntdvdhkhgsh

g

Glsgklzk

Kntdvdhkhgshg

Kprglhdzkog

Na`pgtglndks

iglrdnks

Ktrdfutas

Na`pgtglndks

hdsndpjdlkrgs

Dlstru`gltashg

G

vkjukndl

@ktgrdkjHdhntdna

Rjklgskeutura.

Fgiadlitavs

kuxdjdkrwdjj

Rrghdnndalgs

yGxprgsdalgs

hgtdg`paglgj

eutura

Iudkr

ulk

jjuvdk

hg

dhgks

y

prgsglt

kr

jas

prapsdtas

hgkji

l

pgrsalkog

.

Rrgsgltkrultgxta

nal

gogrndndashg

na`prgsdljgnta

rk.

Rrgsgltkrgogrndndashg

na`prglsdlkuh

dtdvk

.

Gxpjdnkr

jks

hdegrglndks

gltrg

gjwdjjyfg

iadli

ta.âjdndtkr

qugvdsdtgl

kjiulks

pidlks

gjgntrldnks

saf

rg

gogrndndasygxpjdn

kndl

hgjusahgjtdg`p

a

eutura.

âjdndtkry

iudkr

kj

kju`lkha

pkrkjk

rghknndl

hg

ul

tgxta

frgvg

safrg

pjklg

sk

eutura

.

Gxprgskr

sus

prapsdtas

hg

ka

g

dhgltdednkrjk

ear`k

hgjtdg`pa

eutura

.

Dhgltdednkr

dlear`kndl

gsglndkj

rgegrgltg

k

knndalgs

k

rgkjdzkrgl

gj

eutura

gl

ul

tgxta,

g`pjgklha

gstrktgidks

fsdnks

hg

na`prglsdl

hgjgnturk.

Dhgltdednkr

hktas

d`partkltgs

gl

ul

sgi`glta

kuhdtdva

rgegrgltg

k

knndalgs

k

rgkjdzkr

a

sunghgrgl

gj

eutura

.

Dhgltdednkryrgnalangrgj

nalngpta

hg

knndalgsgl

gjeutura,pjklgs,

prghdnndalgs

y

hgndsdalgs

ta`khks

gl

gjà`glta,

hdstdliudglha

gjusa

hg

jksgstrunturks

ygjkfarkr

ularikldzkharirkedna.

;.-^g

nala

ng

y

vkjarkks`

dsà

y

kfarhk

prafjg`ksy

rgtas

tgldglha

gl

nugltk

jas

afogtdvas

qug

pgrsdiug.

8.-

Gsn

unmk,

dltgrprgtky

g`dtg

`glskogs

pgrtdlgltgs

gl

hdstdltasnaltgxtas

`ghdkltg

jk

utdjdzkndl

hg

`ghdas,nhdiasy

mgrrk`dgltks

kprapdkhas.

9.-

Kprglhg

par

dldndktdvkgdl

tgrs

prapda

k

ja

jkria

hgjkvdhk.

;.;

Glergltk

jkshdednujtkhgs

qug

sg

jg

prgsgltkygs

nalsndgltghg

sus

vkjargs,

eartkjgzks

y

hgfdjdhkhgs.

8.

8

^g

naùldnk

gl

ulk

sgiulhk

jgliuk

gl

sdtukndalgs

natdhdklks.

9.>

Krtdnujk

skfgrgs

hg

hdvgrsas

nk`pas

y

gstkfjgng

rgjkndalgs

gltrg

gjjas

y

6,8,7,=,

;2,;;,;6

Jdstk

hgnatgoa.

Nugstdalkrdapkrk

gvkju

krjk

na`p

rgsdl

jgnta

rk.

Nugstdalkrdapkrk

gvkju

krjk

na`p

rgsdl

kuhdtdvk

.

Vfr

dnk

pkrk

gvkju

kr

gjg`gltas

qug

hgfg

tglgr

gj

arikldzkhariredna

(ear`

k

irk`ktdnkj,

gog`

pjas

gltrg

atras)

Vfr

dnk

pkrk

gvkju

kr

gjprangsa

hg

dlvgstdikndl,

gjusa

hg

jks

XDNs,

gjg`

gltas

irk`

ktdnkjgs,

vank

fujkrda

rgjkn

dalkha

kjtg`k

utdjdzklha

jk

kuta

gvkjukndl.

Rastgrs,j`dlks,

maokshggogrndndasy

prntdnksmklhauts/

warcsmggts

gjkfarkhkspargj

praegsara

khkptkhkshgtgxtas

asdtdashgdltgrlgt,

prgsgltkndalgs

gjgntrldnks,

sgi`gltas

kuhdtdvashdhntdnas,

vdhgas,

`ktgrdkjgs

kutltdnasVgkjdzk

(afogtas

rgkjgs)

,

tgxtas

a

kuhdas

aftgldhas

hg

dltgrlgt,nalsujtkgl

sdtdas

hg

dltgrlgt

suigrdhas

y

atras

kpartkhas

par

gj

nugrpahangltg.


18/77

KNKHG@DKHGDLI

JG^DD62;5-K

NAFKNK@

HA^DED


;5/;9

Ear`kr

gqudpas

pkrk

gjkfarkr

ul

pr

aygnta

dltgirkhar,

gl

gjqug

jas

irupas

hg

trkfkoa

sg

prapalikl

rgkjdzkr

rgsajvgr

kjil

prafjg`k

jank

j

a

lkndalkj

`ghdkl

tg

gj

nukjmkikl

usahg

hg

jks

gstru

nturks

irk`ktdnkjgs

hgj

tdg`pa

eutura,

par

gog`pja?

k

jiulks

gstrktgidks

j

j

d

j

d

Udsdtkr

pidlks

gl

dltgrlgt

pkrk

rgkjdzkr

gogrndndas

y

jk

gxpjdnkndl

hgjusa

hgj

tdg`paeutura

.

Gxprgskr

gl

ear`k

gsnrdtk,

pjklgs

y

praygntas

pgrsalkjgs

pkrk

gjeutura

qug

ks

naà

jas

qug

atrks

pgrsalks

ngrnklks

rgkjdzkrl,

mkndglha

usa

hg

`ktgrdkjgs

vdsukjgs,

arikldzkhargs,

gltrg

atras.

Gjkfarkr

ul

praygnta

dltgirkhar

gl

gjqug

gl

gqudpas

gxprgsgl

nà

pahrkl

rgsajvgr

prafjg`ks

k`fdgltkjgs

gl

su

naùldhkh,

mkndglha

usa

hg

jks

gstrunturks

hgj

tdg`pa

eutura

y

hgfgrl

prgsgltkrja

kj

irupa

pkrk

su

rgtrakjd`gltkndl.

=.-

Rkrtdndpk

y

najkfark

hg

`klgrk

gegntdvk

gl

gq

udpas

hdvgrsas

;2.-@kltdglgulk

kntdtuhrgspg

tuask

kltg

jk

dltgrnujturkjdh

kh

y

hdvgrsdhkh

hg

nrgglndks,vk

jargs

dhgks

y

prntdnks

sandkjgs.

XGVNGV

RKVNDKJ

(7=OWJDA)

su

vdhk

natdhdklk.

=.;Rkrtdndpk

ynajkfarkhg

`klgrk

gegntdvk

k

ja

jkria

hg

jk

vdhk.

;2.6Hdkjaik

ykprglhghg

pgrsalks

nal

hdstdltas

pultas

hg

vdstk

y

trkhdndalgs

nujturkjgs

`ghdkltg

jk

ufdnkndl

hg

sus

prapdks

ndrnulstklndks

gl

ul

naltgxta

`s

k`pjda.

Vfr

dnk

pkrk

vkjar

kr

gjg`gltas

rgjkn

dalkhas

nal

Vfr

dnk

pkrk

vkjar

kr

gjg`gltas

rgjkn

dalkhas

nal

jk

ejudhgz

,

pralulndkndl

y

jk

kpjdn

kndl

hg

gstru

nturks

irk`

ktdnkjgs,

vank

fujkrda.


19/77

KNKHG@DKHGDLI

JG^DD62;5-K

NAFKNK@

HA^DED


;9/;9

RVAIVK@KKLKJXDN

AHGK^DILKXWVK

LA@FVGHG

JGLIWKKHDNDALK

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DXDUK)

RKVXDNDRKNDL(K^D^XGLNDK,RWLXWKJDHKH,GXN.)

52%

62%

62%

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NA@RJG@GLXKVDK

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mttp?//kjjrgndp

gs.na`/

mttp?//www.kzkrirk``kr.na

`/`ktgrdkjs/dlhgx.m

t`j

mttp?//www.f

fn.na.u

c/warjhsgrvdng/jgkrldliglijdsm/

mttp?//gs.earva.na`

/jkliukigs/gl/

mttp?//www.tgknmdli

glijdsm.ari.u

c/

mttp?//www.usdli

glijdsm.na`/

mttp?//www.usg`fkssy-`gxdna.iav/ffe/fidlijgs.m

t`

mttp?//vdsukj.`grrdk`

-wgfstgr.na`/

mttp?//www.v

dsu

warhs.na`/


20/77

KNKHG@DK HG DLIJG^ DD 62;5-K

Gstrunturks Irk`ktdnkjgs 62;5-K ;/;> Nafknk` Rjkltgj 28 ^gyfkpjk

G^XVWNXWVK^ IVK@KXDNKJG^

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQRVD@GV HGRKVXK@GLXKJQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

RVD@GV RKVNDKJ DLIJ^ DD 62;5-K


21/77


Gstrunturks Irk`ktdnkjgs 62;5-K 6/;> Nafknk` Rjkltgj 28 ^gyfkpjk


22/77


Gstrunturks Irk`ktdnkjgs 62;5-K >/;> Nafknk` Rjkltgj 28 ^gyfkpjk


23/77




24/77



QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ^GIWLHA HGRKVXK@GLXKJQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

XA FG

Jk gstrunturk fsdnk hgj kedr`ktdva hgj vgrfa "ta fg" gl pkskha?ûogta + Ugrfa + afogta / na`pjg`glta

D wks k stuhglt. Grk kju`la.

Tau wgrg mkppy. Grks egjdz.

Mg wks k ùsdndkl. Eug `sdna.

^mg wks dl tmg nkr. Gstkfk gl gj nanmg.

Dt wks k mat hky. Grk ul hk nkjurasa.

Yg wgrg juncy. Xuvdàs sugrtg

Tau wgrgera` @khrdh. Grks hg @khrdh.

Xmgy wgrg aurs. Grkl lugstras.

Jk gstrunturk fsdnk hgj lgiktdva hgj vgrfa "ta fg" gl pkskha?ûogta + Ugrfa + afogta / na`pjg`glta

D wks lat k stuhglt. La grk kju`la.

Tau wgrg lat mkppy. La grks egjdz.

Mg wks lat k ùsdndkl. La grk `sdna.

^mg wks lat dl tmg nkr. La gstkfk gl gj nanmg.

Dt wks lat k mat hky. La grk ul hk nkjurasa.

Yg wgrg lat juncy. La tuvdàs sugrtg.

Tau wgrg latera` @khrdh. La grkds hg @khrdh.

Xmgy wgrg lat aurs. La grkl lugstras.

Ear`k naltrkdhk? " wks lat" 0 " wksl't" , " wgrg lat" 0 " wgrgl't" .

Jk gstrunturk fsdnk hgj dltgrraiktdva hgj vgrfa "ta fg" gl pkskhaUgrfa + uogta + afogta / na`pjg`glta1

YksD k stuhglt1 Grk kju`la1Ygrgyau mkppy1 Grks egjdz1Yks mg k ùsdndkl1 Grk `sdna1Ykssmg dl tmg nkr1 Gstkfk gl gj nanmg1Yks dt k mat hky1 Grk ul hk nkjurasa1Ygrg wg juncy1 Xuvdàs sugrtg1Ygrgyau era` @khrdh1 Grks hg @khrdh1Ygrg tmgy aurs1 Grkl lugstras1


25/77



Latk? Rkrk mkngr ulk arkndl dltgrraiktdvk nal gj vgrfa "ta fg" gl pkskha sd`pjg`gltg sg dltgrnk`fdk h

pasdndl gj vgrfa "ta fg" nal gj suogta.

Jk gstrunturk fsdnk hg jks rgspugstks nartks hgj vgrfa "ta fg" gl pkskhaKeedr`ktdvg Lgiktdvg

Tgs, D wks. La, D wks lat. (wksl't)

Tgs, yau wgrg. La, yau wgrg lat. (wgrgl't)

Tgs, mg wks. La, mg wks lat. (wksl't)

Tgs, smg wks. La, smg wks lat. (wksl't)

Tgs, dt wks. La, dt wks lat. (wksl't)

Tgs, wg wgrg. La, wg wgrg lat. (wgrgl't)

Tgs, yau wgrg. La, yau wgrg lat. (wgrgl't)

Tgs, tmgy wgrg. La, tmgy wgrg lat. (wgrgl't)

Latk? La sg naltrkg jk ear`k kedr`ktdvk hg jks rgspugstks nartks.

RK^KHA ^D@RJG HG AXVA^ UGVFA^

EAV@K

Jk ear`k hgj pkskha sd`pjg gs jk `ds`k pkrk tahks jks pgrsalks (D, yau, mg, smg, gtn).

KEDV@KXDUA LGIKXDUA DLXGVVAIKXDUAD

yau

smg

mg

dt

wg

yau

tmgy

warcgh

nk`g

D

yau

smg

mg

dt

wg

yau

tmgy

hdh lat

warc

na`g

Hdh

D

yau

smg

mg

dt

wg

yau

tmgy

warc1

na`g1

Naltrknndalgs? hdhlt 0 hdh lat

Kjiulas vgrfas sal rgiujkrgs y atras drrgiujkrgs.

Jk ear`k hg pkskha sd`pjg hg ul vgrfa sgk rgiujkr a drrgiujkr saja sg usk gl jk arkndl kedr`ktdvk

nuklha sg ldgik a sg prgiultk gj vgrfa rgirgsk k su ear`k sd`pjg y sg utdjdzk gj kuxdjdkr hdhlt hdh, rgspgntdvk`gltg.

Rkrk ear`kr gj pkskha sd`pjg hg jas vgrfas rgiujkrgs, saja mky qug kirgikr gj suedoa -gh k jk ear`sd`pjg hgj vgrfa. Gog`pjas?

warc - warcgh


26/77



^d gj vgrfa tgr dlk gl y prgnghdhk hg ulk nalsalkltg, sg hgskpkrgng jk y y sg nk`fdk par d s gj suedoa gh.

stuhy - stuh

dgh

^d tgr`dlk gl y prgnghdhk hg ulk vankj , saja sg kirgik gj suedoa gh.

pjky - pjkygh

^d gj vgrfa gs hg ulk sajk sjkfk y tgr`dlk gl nalsalkltg (gxngpta y) prgnghdhk hg ulk vankj, sg rgpdtg jk jtd`

nalsalkltg y sg kirgik -gh.

stap - stappgh

^d gj vgrfa tgr`dlk gl ulk sajk g, saja sg kirgik jk h.

jdvg - jdvgh

^d gj vgrfa gs hg has sjkfks, tgr`dlk nal ulk vankj y ulk nalsalkltg (nal gxngpndl hg y) y sg kngltk gl jk jtd`

sjkfk, sg hupjdnk jk jtd`k nalsalkltg edlkj y sg kirgikgh.

naltraj - naltrajjgh

Rkrk ear`kr gj pkskha sd`pjg hg jas vgrfas drrgiujkrgs, la mky rgijks, nkhk ula tdglg su prappkrtdnujkrdhkh.

WÂ

Wskàs gj pkskha sd`pjg pkrk mkfjkr kngrnk hg knndalgs y sdtukndalgs gl gj pkskha.

D pjkygheaatfkjj ygstgrhky.

Mg jdvghdl Jalhal era` ;492 ta ;49>, tmgl mg àvghta @klnmgstgr.

Hd hyau sgg^krkm ygstgrhky1 La, D hdhlt.Yg hdhltiaaut jkst ldimt. Yg stkyghkt ma`g klh wktnmghXU.

Xmgy wgltta Dtkjy al majdhky jkst su``gr.

@krdg klh Rgrrdg Nurdg hdsnavgrghrkhdu`.

Gog`pjas hg arkndalgs kedr`ktdvks gl pkskha sd`pjg?

ûogta + vgrfa gl pkskha sd`pjg + afogta / na`pjg`glta.

D jdcghsa`gfahy. Kjiudgl `g iust.

Tau iatsa`gtmdli. Naidstgs kjia. (t)

Mg lgghghsa`gtmdli. Lgngsdt kjia. (j)^mg mkhsa`gtmdli. Xuva kjia. (gjjk)

Dt wgltsa`gwmgrg. Eug k kjil sdtda.

Tau wratgsa`gtmdli. Gsnrdfdstgds kjia. (vasatras)

Yg wkjcghsa`gwmgrg. Nk`dlkàs k kjil sdtda.

Xmgy hdhsa`gtmdli. Mdndgral kjia. (gjjas)


27/77


Gstrunturks Irk`ktdnkjgs 62;5-K =/;> Nafknk` Rjkltgj 28 ^gyfkpjk

Latk? Nal gj pkskha sd`pjg kedr`ktdva sg utdjdzk jk ear`k "pkskha sd`pjg" hgj vgrfa ("la" gj dledldtdva). Hgltra hg gstear`k, mky has tdpas hg vgrfas? jas vgrfas rgiujkrgs y jas vgrfas drrgiujkrgs.

Gog`pjas hg arkndalgs lgiktdvks gl pkskha sd`pjg?

ûogta + hdhlt + vgrfa gl ear`k sd`pjg + afogta / na`pjg`glta.D hdhl't jdcg sa`gfahy. Kjiudgl la `g iust.Tau hdhl'tigt sa`gtmdli. La naidstgs kjia. (t)

Mg hdhl't lggh sa`gtmdli. La lgngsdt kjia. (j)^mg hdhl't mkvg sa`gtmdli. La tuva kjia. (gjjk)

Dt hdhl'tia sa`gwmgrg. La eug k ldlil sdtda.Tau hdhl't wrdtg sa`gtmdli. La gsnrdfdstgds kjia.Yg hdhl't mkvg sa`gtmdli. La tuvdàs kjia.Xmgy hdhl't ha sa`gtmdli. La mdndgral kjia. (gjjas)

Ear`k naltrkdhk? "hdhl't" 0 "hdh lat".

Gog`pjas hg arkndalgs dltgrraiktdvks gl pkskha sd`pjg?HdhD claw yau1 Xg nalan1Hdhyau warc1 Xrkfkokstg1Hdh mg wrdtg klytmdli1 Gsnrdfd kjia1Hdhsmg ia klywmgrg1 Eu k kjil sdtda1Hdh dt warc1 Eulndal1Hdhyau ulhgrstklh1 Gltglhdstgds1Hdh wg lggh klytmdli1 Lgngsdtkfkàs kjia1Hdh tmgy jdcg klyfahy1 Jgs nky fdgl kjiudgl1

Latk? Gl jks arkndalgs dltgrraiktdvks gl pkskha sd`pjg gj vgrfa vk gl dledldtdva.

Gog`pjas hg rgspugstks nartks smart klswgrs gl pkskha sd`pjg?

Keedr`ktdvg LgiktdvgTgs, D hdh. La, D hdhl't

Tgs, yau hdh. La, yau hdhl'tTgs, mg hdh. La, mg hdhl't

Tgs, smg hdh. La, smg hdhl'tTgs, dt hdh. La, dt hdhltTgs, wg hdh. La, wg hdhlt

Tgs, yau hdh. La, yau hdhlt

Tgs, tmgy hdh. La, tmgy hdh lat. (hdhl't)


28/77



QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQXGVNGV HGRKVXK@GLXKJQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

D`pgrktdvgs

^g usk gj d`pgrktdva pkrk hkr rhglgs, khvgrtglndks g dlstrunndalgs gl Dlijs?Arhgr? Fg qudgtYkrldli? Xkcg nkrg!Dlstruntdal? Jdstgl ta `g nktrgeujjy

[email protected] ear`kr ul d`grktdva kedr`ktdva sg usk?

ear`k fksg hgj vgrfa + (afogta) + na`pjg`gltaGog`pja?

Frdli yaur faac ta njkss

Rughg sgr lgiktdva pkrk pramdfdndalgs?Halt + ear`k fksg hgj vgrfa + (afogta) + na`pjg`glta

Gog`pja?Halt gkt dl njkss.

^g pughg uskr pjgksgpkrk mkngr `s ghunkha gj d`pgrktdva, sg pughg gsnrdfdr kj dldnda a kj edlkj hg jk arkndl.Rjgksg, j dstgl ta g.

Nuklha sg dlnjuyg gj mkfjkltg sg usk Jgts.Jgts ia law.

@ahkj Ugrfs

MKUG XA (AFJDIKXDAL)Hg `klgrk iglgrkj, mkvg tagxprgsk afjdikndl d`pgrsalkj. Gj suogta hg mkvg ta gs afjdikha a earzkha k kntukr par upahgr gxtgrla ( par gog`pja, jk jgy a rgijks gsnajkrgs).

Dl Glijklh, yau mkvg tahrdvg al tmg rdimt.Dl @gxdna, àst snmaaj nmdjhrgl mkvg tawgkr k uldear`.@r. Idfsal mks tawgkr k tdg kt warc.Xa gltgr njkss, yau mkvg tafrdli yaur tgxtfaac.

Kedr`ktdva.ûogta + mkvg ta / mks ta + EFU + na`pjg`gltaYg mkvg ta tkcg k wrdttgl gxk` lgxt wggc.^mg mks ta edjj aut kl kppjdnktdal ear`.

Lgiktdva.ûogta + halt / hagslt + mkvg ta + EFU + na`pjg`gltaYg halt mkvg ta ia ta `kcg kl kppadlt`glt.^mg hagslt mkvg ta pky ear tmg kppjdnktdal ear`. Dts ergg.


29/77


Gstrunturks Irk`ktdnkjgs 62;5-K ;2/;> Nafknk` Rjkltgj 28 ^gyfkpjk

Dltgrraiktdva.Kuxdjdkr + suogta + mkvg ta / mks ta + EFU + na`pjg`gltaHa yau mkvg ta nkjj ta `kcg kl kppadlt`glt1Hags smg mkvg ta `kcg k na`pjgtg stap kt kl dltgrsgntdal1

@W^X (LGNG^^DXT & RVAMDFDXDAL)Gl iglgrkj, ùst gxprgsk afjdikndl pgrsalkj. @ust sg usk pkrk gxprgskr qug gj mkfjkltg nrgg lgngskrda kjia.

D ùs tstap sàcdli.Tau ùs tvdsdt us saal.Mg ùs twarc mkrhgr.D ùstltgkt sa ùnm skjt.

[email protected]`ktdva. (LGNG^^DXT)ûogta + ùst + UEF + na`pjg`glta

Tau ùs t fr dli kjj yaur hanu`glts wmgl kppjydli ear k jdnglsg.

Lgiktdva (RVAMDFDXDAL)ûogta + ùst lat + UEF + na`pjg`glta^tuhglts ùst la t usg tmgdr ngjj pmalgs hurdli njkss.

(ùstlt)

^MAWJH (KHUDNG)^g usk pkrk hkr nalsgoas.

Kedr`ktdva.ûogta + smaujh + UEF + na`p jg`glta

Yg smaujh prknt dng Glijdsm kt ma`g.

Lgiktdvaûogta + smaujh lat + UEF + na`pjg`glta^tuhglts smau jh la t hrdlc sahk.

(smaujhlt)

NKL (RGV@D^^DAL)Wskàs nkl pkrk sajdndtkr, hkr a hglgikr pgr`dsa pkrk mkngr kjia.

Kedr`ktdvaûogta + nkl + UEF + na`p jg`glta

Tau nkl usg k fjknc ar fjug dlc pgl.

Lgiktdvaûogta + nkl lat + UEF + na`pjg`gltaRgapjg nklt gltgr wdtm pgts dl k rgstkurklt.

DltgrraiktdvaNkl + suogta + UEF + na`pjg`glta 1Nkl D farraw yaur nkr1


30/77


Gstrunturks Irk`ktdnkjgs 62;5-K ;;/;> Nafknk` Rjkltgj 28 ^gyfkpjk

@KT (RA^^DFDJDXT)Wskàs `ky pkrk gxprgskr qug kjia gs pasdfjg a la hg rgkjdzkrsg.

Kedr`ktdva.ûogta + `ky + UEF + na`p jg`glta

Kjj tgknmgrs `ky kppjy k tgst gvgry àltm.

Lgiktdvaûogta + `ky lat + UEF + na`pjg`gltaTau `ky la t ia ta tmg nalngrt. Xdncgts krg qudtg gxpglsdvg.

Euturg sd`pjg wdjj / walt

Ydjj + vgrfa gl ear`k sd`pjg

KEDV@KXDUA LGIKXDUA DLXGVVAIKXDUA

D D D

yau yau yau

mg mg mg

smg wdjj warc smg wdjj lat warc Ydjj smg warc1

dt dt dt

wg wg wg

yau yau yau

tmgy Xmgy tmgy

Naltrknndalgs? wdjj 0 jj wdjj lat 0 walt

Wskàs wdjj pkrk prghgndr gj eutura.Xaàrraw wdjj fgklatmgr najh hky dl kjj pkrts ae tmg naultry.Yg walt krrdvgma`g fgearg `dhldimt taldimt.

Ydjj Vgh âx wdl tmg fksg fkjj `ktnm al ûlhky1

Xk`fdl uskàs wdj j nuklha hgndhdàs mkngr kjia kj a`glta hg hgndr ja.

Yaujh yau jdcg sa`gtmdli ta hrdlc1 Am, tmklcs yau.Djj mkvgk nup ae wdlg.

Xmgrg ds sa`galg kt tmg haar. Ds tmgrg1 Am,Djj sggwma dt ds.


31/77


Gstrunturks Irk`ktdnkjgs 62;5-K ;6/;> Nafknk` Rjkltgj 28 ^gyfkpjk

Euturg td`g gxprgssdals.

dl twa hkys td`g

dl tmrgg wggcs td`g.

tmds gvgldli

taàrraw

tmg hky ketgr taàrraw

al Erdhky

taàrraw gvgldli

lgxt ygkr

lgxt wggcglh

lgxt àltm

Fg iadli ta

EAV@K

FG + IADLI XA + DLEDLDXDUA

KEDV@KXDUA LGIKXDUA DLXGVVAIKXDUAD k`

iadli ta warc

D k` lat

iadli ta warc

K` D

iadli ta warc1

yau krg yau krg lat Krg yau

smg

mg ds

dt

smg

mg ds lat

dt

Ds

smg

mg

dt

wg

yau krgtmgy

wg

yau krg lattmgy

Krg

wg

yautmgy

Naltrknndalgs? ` 0 k` ` lat 0 k` latrg 0 krg krg lat 0 krglts 0 ds ds lat 0 dslt

WÂ

Jks arkndalgs nal fg iadli tanalgntkl gj eutura y gj prgsgltg?Wskàs iadli ta pkrk mkfjkr hg kjia gl gj eutura, ja nukj sg vg naà rgsujtkha hg ja qug sunghg ggj prgsgltg.

Jaac kt tmasg fjknc njauhs dl tmg scy. Dt iadli ta rkdl. Mg ds iadli ta igt wgt.


32/77


Gstrunturks Irk`ktdnkjgs 62;5-K ;>/;> Nafknk` Rjkltgj 28 ^gyfkpjk

Atras gog`pjas?

Murry up! Dts igttdli jktg. Taurg iadli ta `dss yaur trkdl.Jaac aut! Xmkt jkhhgr dsiadli ta ekjj!

Rar gstk rkzl jks arkndalgs nal iadli ta, sal nal ergnuglndk kngrnk hg ul eutura ngrnkla.

Xk`fdl uskàs fg iadli ta pkrk mkfjkr hg kjia qug dltgltkrgàs mkngr gl gj eutura. Nuklha ykmgàs hgndhdha mkngr kjia

D iadli ta mkvgk smawgr.


33/77


RVD@GV RKVNDKJ KLG]A ;

GUKJWKNDL HDKIL^XDNK

NAJGIDA HG FKNMDJJGVG^ HG NK@RGNMG

GUKJWKNDAL HDKILA^XDNK

LK@G AE XMG ^XWHGLX? QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

LK@G AE XMG XGKNMGV? QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

IVKHG? QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ IVAWR? QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ HKXG? QQQQQQQQQQQQ

DL^XVWNXDAL? WLHGVJDLG XMG NAVVGNX ARXDAL.

;- @KXNM XMG NAJW@L^

^DHG K ^DHG F

;FDI K) MGV@AÂ

6- ^MAVX F) IVKLHG

>-FGKWXDEWJ N) NAVXA

K) ;F6N>K

F) ;N6F>K

N) ;K6F>N

H) ;K6N>F

6- NA@RJGXG XMG ^GLXGLNG YDXM XMG NAVVGNX KHOGNXDUG

XACDA D^ K QQQQQQQQQQQ NDXT.

K) NJGKL

F) ^YGGX

N) TGJJAY

H) HAJRMDL

>-XVKL^JKXG DLXA RKLD^M

^@KJJ

K) RG[WGA

F) IVKLHG

N) KJXA

H) IAVHA

8- NMAA^G XMG ARRA^DXG AE LGY

K) AJH

F) EKVN) ^XVALI

H) EWJJ

7- AVHGV XMG JGXXGV^ XA EDLH KL KHOGNXDUG DL GLIJD^M.

I-G-V-J-K

K) JKVIG

F) IGKVJ

N) VKIGJ

H) JGKVI

5- NA@RJGXG XMG ^GLXGLNG YDXM XMG KRRVARDKXG KHOGNXDUG.

HALLK KJYKT^ NA@G^ AL XD@G. ^MG D^ QQQQQQQQQQQ

K) RWLNXWKJ

F) JK_T

N) HVG^^

H) MKLH^

9- NA@RJGXG XMG ^GLXGLNG XA @KCG XMG@ XVWG EAV TAW.

@T MAW^G D^ QQQQQQQQQQQQ

K) FDI

F) ^KJXT

N) IGLGVAW^

H) RAJDXG

=- NA@RJGXG XMG ^GLXGLNG. W^G NA@RKVKXDUG KHOGNXDUG^

FKVNGJALK D^ QQQQQQQQQQQ XMKL UKLNAWUGV

K) LAD^DGV

F) CDLHGV

N) TAWLIGV

H) ^JD@GV

4- DHGLXDET A@G KHOGNXDUG^.

;-VGH 6-@ALHKT >-^XVALI 8- JK_T

K) >-8

F) ;-6

N) 6->

H) ;-8

;2- EDJJ DL XMG FJKLC^ .

@T FVAXMGV D^ QQQQQQQQQQQ XMKL NKVJA^

K) @AVG MKLHÂ@G

F) MKLHÂ@GV

N) @A^X MKLH

H) XMG MKLHÂ@G


34/77

KNKHG@DK HG DLIJG^ DD 62;5-KKLG]A >

JD^XK HG KHOGXDUA^

@ALA^JKFA^FD^JKFA^ NAL

T

RAJD^JKFA^ DVVGIWJKVG^

VDNM HDVXT D@RAVXKLX IAAH

AJH LAD^T G]NDXDLI FKH

NJGKL FW^T HKLIGVAW^ EKV^KEG [WDGX RARWJKXGH @KLT

JKVIG NMWFFT FGKWXDEWJ JDXXJG

FDI NJW@^T DLXGVG^XDLI^MAVX EWLLT G]RGL^DUG

^@KJJ ^NKVT EK@AWÊWL XK^XT MKLHÂ@G

WIJT ^KJXT KXXVKNXDUGJKXG ^RDNT MALG^XXKJJ EVDGLHJT MKVH-YAVCDLI

^JD@ JK_T VG^RAL^DFJGTAWLI IVGGHT IGLGVAW^

FVKUG IKWHT NMGGVEWJCDLH RVGXXT FAVDLIEK^X DLXGVXKDLDLI

NWXG OATEWJ

LGKV XVW^XYAVXMT

NMGKR JW]WVT^YGGX DLNVGHDFJG

ÂWV MAVVDFJG

JDIMX K@K_DLIHKVC HGJDNDAW^

XMDL RAJDXG^@KVX DVVG^RAL^DFJG

^XVALI RWLNXWKJ

VWHG DLXGJJDIGLX

YGKC

@GKLNVWGJ


35/77


Nkrkntgrstdnks

esdnks hg

pgrsalks

Nkrkntgrstdnks

esdnks hg afogtas

Nkrkntgrstdnks

esdnks hg

juikrgs

Nkrkntgrstdnks

hg

tg`pgrk`glta

Nkrkntgrstdnks

tldnks y

nujturkjgs

Ajh

^martWijyXkjj^jd`TauliXmdl^traliYgkcKttrkntdvg

RrgttyFgkutdeujMklhsa`g

Ajh

Njgkl

Jkrig

Fdi

Hdrty

Gxpglsdvg

Ladsy

^nkry

Njgkl

^keg

Jkrig

Lgkr

Hkrc

Hdrty

Ladsy

[udgt

[udgt

Fardli

kliry

Erdglhjy

Eully

Nju`sy

Vgspalsdfjg

Drrgspalsdfjg


36/77


KLG]

A8

VWFVDNKHGG

UKJWKNDL

7

8

>

6

RWLXA^

RVALWLNDKNDAL

JKRVAL

WLNDKNDALHGJ

G^XWHDKLXGG^GLXGLHDFJG

^DLA@WT

RANA^GVVAVG^

JKRVALWLNDKNDALHGJ

G^XWHDKLXGG^GLXGLHDFJGNA

L

KJIWLA^GVVAVG^

JKRVALWLNDKNDALHGJ

G^XWHDKLXGG^WLRANA

HDEDNDJHGGLXGLHGV

JKRVALWLNDKNDALHGJ

G^XWHDKLXGLA^GGLXDGLHG

WÂH

GJ

UANKFWJKVDA

GJG^XWHDKLXGXVKL^@DXGGJ

@GL^KOGHGWLK@KLGVK

DLXGVG^KLXGTRVGND^K

GJG^XWHDKLXGW^KRKJKFVK^

RVGND^KÂEVK^G^RKVKRAHG

V

NAL^GIWDVXVKL^@DXDVGJ

@GL^KOG

GJG^XWHDKLXGLGNG^DXK

W^KV@K^RKJKFVK^

RVGND^K^TG]KNXK^RKVK

NVGKVWL@GL^KOGNJKVA.

GJG^XWHDKLXGW^K

UANKFWJKV

DAJD@DXKHAT

^D@RJG,K^DN

A@ARKJKFVK^

W^KHK^DLKRVARDKHK@GLXG.

EJWDHG_

GJG^XWHDK

LXGG^NKRK_HG

NA@WLDNKV^G,MKNGVT

NALXG^XKVRVGIWLXK^^DL

RV

AFJG@K

GJG^XWHDKLXGG^NKRK_HG

NA@WLDNKV^G,MKNGVT

NALXG^XKVRVGIWLXK^NAL

RANKHDEDNWJXKH

GJG^XWHDKLXGXKVHKGL

NA@WLDNKV^G,MKNGVT

NALXG^XKVRVGIWLXK^

GJG^XWHDKL

XGLAG^NKRK_

HGNA@WLDNKV^G,LDMKNGVT

NALXG^XKVRVGIWLXK^

RVGND^DL

GJG^XWHDKLXGHG@WG^VK

NALAND@

DGLXAGLNK^D

XAHK^JK

^G^XVWNXWVK^

IVK

@KXDNKJG^

GJG^XWHDKLXGXDGLGKJIWLA

^

GVVAVG^GLJK^

G^XVWNXWVK

^

IVK@KXDNKJG^RGVALAJG

D@RDHGNA@WLDNKV^G

GJG^XWHDKLXGW^K

NAVVGNXK@GLXGWLVKLIA

JD@DXKHAHGJK^

G^XVWNXWVKÎVK@KXDNKJG^,

XDGLGGVVAVGÊVGNWGLXG^

[WGKJIWLKÛGNG^JG

D@RDHGLNA@WLDNKV^G

GJG^XWHDK

LXGLAXDGLG

NALXV

AJHGJK^

G^XVWNXWVK^

IVK@KXDNKJG^,

XDGLG[WGW

^KVWLKIWDK

RKVKG]

RVG^KV^G.

RKVXDNDRKNDAL

GJG^XWHDK

LXGNK^D^DG@RVG

G^XKRVGR

KVKHANALJK^

KNXDUDHKHG^K^DILKHK^TGJ

@KXGVDKJLGNG^KVDANAL

WLKRA^XW

VKHGNALEDKL_K

TV

GJKOKHK

GJG^XWHDKLXGG^XK

W^WKJ@GLXGRVGRKVKHANA

L

JK^KNXDUDHKHG^K^DILKHK^

T

GJ@KXGVDKJLGNG^KVDANAL

WLKRA^XWVK^GVDKTLGVUDA^K

GJG^XWHDKLXGVKVKUG_G^XK

RVGRKVKHANALJK^

KNXDUDHKHG^K^DILKHK^TGJ

@KXGVDKJLGNG^KVDATXDGLG

WLKRA^XWVKLGVUDA^K

GJG^XWHDKL

XGNK^DLWLNK

G^XKRVGRK

VKHANALJK^

KNXDUDHKHG^

K^DILKHK^TGJ

@KXGVDKJLG

NG^KVDATXDGLG

WLKRA^XWVK

NALJKNKFG_K

KIKNMKHKRKVKLA@DVKVK

JK^RGVÂLK^


37/77


KLG]A 7

NWKHVA NA@RKVKXDUA

KHOGNXDUG^ NA@RKVKXDUG^ ^WRGVJKXDUG^

AJH

^JD@

FDI

IAAH

FW^T

JKVIG

DLXGVG^XDLI

WIJT

HKLIGVAW^

FKH

G]NDXDLI

HDVXT


38/77


KLG]A 5

NAJGIDA HG FKNMDJJGVG^ HG NK@RGNMGG]K@GL DLIJG^ DD ;GV RKVNDKJ

LK@G AE XMG XWHGLX? QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

LK@G AE XMG XGKNMGV? QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ


;. NA@RJGXG XMG NMKVXKhogntdvg Na`pkrktdvg ^upgrjktdvg

Iaah

FkhEkr

Fdi^jawHgjdndaus

Gxpglsdvg

Rrgtty

RapujkrXmdl

Hkligraus

GksyMgkjtmy

Eully

WLHGVJDLG XMG NAVVGNX KL^YGV

6. @y idrjerdglh ds tmg QQQQQQQQQQ idrj dl tmgwarjh.

K) RVGXXDGVF) @A^X WIJTN) LDNG^X

>. Yma ds QQQQQQQQQQQQ yau ar yaur fgsterdglh1

K) XMG AJHGVF) @AVG AJHGVN) AJHGV

8. @y nkr ds QQQQQQQQQQQQ dl `ylgdimfarmaah.

K) WIJDGVF) XMG LGYG^XN) @AVG G]RGL^DUG

7. Ymdnm ds QQQQQQQQQQQQ fudjhdli dl@gxdna1

K) XMG @A^X XKJJF) XMG XKJJG^XN) XKJJGV

5. Xmg Ldjg ds tmg QQQQQQQQQQ Vdvgr dl tmgwarjh

K) XMG JALIGV

F) XMG JALIG^XN) XMG @A^X JALI

9. Xmg na`pkrktdvg ae @AHGVL ds

QQQQQQQQQQQK) @AVG @AHGVLF) @AHGVLGVN) @AVG @AHGVLGV

=. Xmg supgrjktdvg ae iaah ds QQQQQQQQQQK) FGXXGV XMKLF) XMG FG^XN) IAAHG^X

4. ^mkcdrk ds QQQQQQQQQQ tmkl Rkujdlk VufdaK) @AVG XKJJF) @AVG RARWJKVN) @AVG XMDLLGV

;2. NMAA^G XMG DVVGIWJKV KHOGNXDUG^K) LDNG-MGKUT-XMDLF) IAAH-FKH-EKVN) JDXXJG-WIJT-FDI

;;. Xmg glhdli ear smart khogntdvgs dlna`pkrktdvg hgirgg ds QQQQQQQQQ

K) QGVF) QG^XN) @AVG

;6. Edlh hg supgrjktdvg ear EWLLT

K) EWLLTF) EWLLDGV XMKLN) XMG EWLLDG^X


39/77


;>. Xmg na`pkrktdvg ear` ear XMDL ds QQQQQQK) XMDLGVF) @AVG XMDL

N) XMDLLGV

;8. Na`pjgtg tmg sgltglngsOukls na`putgr ds QQQQQQQQQQQ tmkl `dlgK) G]RGL^DUDGVF) @AVG G^RGL^DUGN) XMG @A^X G]RGL^DUG

;7. D tmdlc Nmdlk ds QQQQQQQQQQQ naultry dltmg warjh

K) XMG @A^X RARWJKXGHF) @AVG RARWJKXGH XMKLN) RARWJKXG^X

;5. Ymdnm ds QQQQQQQQQQQ pjkng al Gkrtm1k) Xmg najhgrf) @ast najhn) tmg najhgst

;9. Vgkh tmg tgxt klh nmaasg tmg narrgntklswgr.

Cd`s mkdr ds nurjy klh ^tgpmgls mkdr ds strkdimt.

^tgpmgl ds vgry tkjj klh Cd` ds smart. Cd` ds mgkvyklh ^tgpmgl ds vgry sjd`.Xmds tgxt ds QQQQQQQQQQQQ tmg twdls

k) Na`pkrdlif) Hgsnrdfdli

n) Vgkhdli

;=. Dhgltdey tmg khogntdvgs dl tmg jkst tgxt, klhwrdtg tmg` al tmg jdlgs

k) QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQf) QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQn) QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQh) QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQg) QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQe) QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

;4. Njkssdey tmg khogntdvgs dl pmysdnkj klhpgrsalkjdty nmkrkntgrdstdns.

Drrgspalsdfjg erdglhjy strali jkzy sjd` kiirgssdvg irggl gygs jali mkdr rgsgrvgh d`kidlktdvgekt.

Rmysdnkj Rgrsalkjdty

62. Nmaasg tmg narrgnt klswgr@krdk ds ks smy ks Vafgrtk.

k) Na`pkrktdvg hgirgg

f) ûpgrjktdvg hgirggn) Gqukjdty na`pkrktdal

6;. Nmaasg tmg fgst aptdalXmg Ldjg ds jaligr tmkl @dssdssdppd rdvgr

k) Na`pkrktdvg hgirggf) ûpgrjktdvg hgirggn) Gqukjdty na`pkrktdal

66. Xmg glhdli ae smart khogntdvgs dl tmgsupgrjktdvg hgirgg ds QQQQQQQQQQQQQ

k) Qgrf) Qgstn) Qdli6>. Edlh tmg supgrjktdvg ae ektk) Xmg ektgstf) Xmg àst ektn) Xmg ekttgst

68. Na`pjgtg tmds sgltglng.Xmg kdrpjklg ds QQQQQQQQQQQ `gkls aetrklspartktdal.

k) Ekstgr tmklf) Xmg àst ekstn) Xmg ekstgst

67. Ds Va`kl alg ae QQQQQQQQ nujturg dl tmg

warjh1k) Xmg ajhgstf) Xmg ajhgrn) Xmg àst ajh

65. Na`pjgtg tmds sgltglng.@gxdna ds QQQQQQQQQQQ tmkl atmgr naultrdgs.

k) Xmg àst kttrkntdvgf) Ktrkntdvdgrn) @arg kttrkntdvg

IAAH JWNC !!!!!!


40/77


=

KLG]A 9

NVDXGVDA^ F^DNA^ RKVK GJKFAVKV GJ RAVXKEAJDA HG GUDHGLNDK^ FJA[WG D

NALXGLDHA HG^NVDRNDL NVDXGVDA^ HG NKJDHKH

Rrgsgltkndl

^g dlhdnkl jas sdiudgltgs hktas?

La`frg hg jkdlstdtundl

La`frg hg jkksdilkturk.

Egnmk hg dldnda ytgr`dla hgj Fjaqug.

La`frg na`pjgta hgjkju`la.

La`frg na`pjgta hgj`kgstra

Ndnja gsnajkr.

Hgfgr nalear`krsg nal jas

jdlgk`dgltas praparndalkhas

par gj hangltg hg jk ksdilkturk.

lhdng hgj naltgldha hgj

Rartkeajda.

Dhgltdednk y hgsijask jas fjaqugs

hgj partkeajda.

Hgfg kirupkr jks gvdhglndks

fkoa rufras njkras y gl arhgl

jidna.

Dltrahunndl. Vghkntkr hg `klgrk frgvg gj

naltgldha.

Hgfgr naltglgr jk d`partklndk

hg jas hdegrgltgs irkhas hg

na`pkrkndl

Gvdhglndks a dlstru`gltas hg

gvkjukndl? rufrdnks, jdstk hg

khogtdvas y nukhras

na`pkrktdvas

^al jas rufras qug gj `kgstra

nkjdednk kj kju`la hurkltg gj

pkrndkj.

^gr rghkntkha hg knugrha kj

nrdtgrda hgj `kgstra

hgpglhdglha hgj gltarla hgj

ngltra hgj trkfkoa.

Nalnjusdl. Vghkntk hg `klgrk frgvg jk

d`partklndk hg gstg trkfkoa pkrk

gj y pkrk gj jgntar

[ughk k nrdtgrda hgj kju`la


41/77


KLG]A =

^GIWLHA RKVNDKJNAJGIDA HG FKNMDJJGVG^ HG NK@RGNMG

GUKJWKNDAL HDKILA^XDNKLK@G AE XMG ^XWHGLX? QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQLK@G AE XMG XGKNMGV? QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQIVKHG? QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ IVAWR? QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ HKXG? QQQQQQQQQQQQ

DL^XVWNXDAL- WLHGVJDLG XMG NAVVGNXARXDAL;- DHGLXDET ^A@G UGVF^ DL RK^X XD@G^

;-RJKTGH 6-IA >-^YD@ 8-HKLNGHK) ;,8F) 6,>

N) ;,6H) 6,8

6-EDJJ DL XMG FJKLC^ W^DLI XMG UGVF^ DLRK^X XD@GFJKD^G RK^NKJ QQQQQQ XMG @GNMKLDNKJNKJNWJKXAV.

K) DLUGLXGHF) NGJGFVKXGHN) YAVCGHH) ^YK@

>-@KXNM XMG NAJW@L^ NAVVGNXJT

^DHG K ^DHG F;- ^YD@ K-YGLX6-IA F-YKXNMGH

>-YKXNM N

^YK@

K) ;N6K>FF) ;K6F>NN) ;N6F>KH) ;N6F>F

8-EDJJ DL XMG FJKLC YDXM XMG NAVVGNX UGVF.NMKVJG^ QQQQQQQ XA XMG ^NMAAJ JK^X^W@@GV.

K) YGLXF) ^YK@N) HKLNGHH) RJKTGH

7-DHGLXDET XMG RK^X AE XMG UGVF XA FG

K) YK^ YGVGF) HDH HDH LAXN) D^ K@H) FGGL MKUG

5-FJKD^G RK^NKJ QQQQQQQQQ K EVGLNM@KXMG@KXDNDKL,RMT^DND^X KLH DLUGLXAV.

K) YK^F) YGVGN) HDHH) IA

9- EDJJ DL XMG FJKLC^ YDXM XMG NAVVGNXUGVF DL RK^X XD@G.

@KHALLK QQQQQQQ XA XMG WLDUGV^DXT AE@DNMDIKL.

K) YGLXF) IAN) ^YK@H) RJKTGH

=- EDJJ DL XMG FJKLC^ YDXM XMG NAVVGNXUGVF DL RK^X XD@G.

GJUD^ RVG^JGT QQQQQ DL K FDI MAW^G.

K) JDUGHF) FGIKLN) YVDXGH) YK^

4-XVKL^JKXG DLXA GLIJD^M XMG LG]X^GLXGLNG

GJJK G^NVDFDA ^W RVD@GV JDFVA-

K) ^MG YVAXG MGV EDV^X FAACF) ^MG YVDXG MGV EDV^X FAACN) ^MG YVDXG^ MGV EDV^X FAACH) ^MG D^ YVDXXDLI MGV EDV^X FAAC

;2- NA@RJGXG XMG ^GLXGLNG YDXM YK^ AVYGVG.

OMAL JGLLAL QQQQQQQQQQQ K EK@AW^ ^DLIGV.

K) YK^F) YGVGN) D^H) K@


42/77


KLG]A 4

JD^XK HG UGVFA^ VGIWJKVG^

YAVC YAVCGH XVKFKOKV

NGJGFVKXG NGJGFVKXGH NGJGFVKV

XVT XVDGH DLXGLXKV.

HD^RJKT HD^RJKTGH @A^XVKV

W^G W^GH W^KV

^T@FAJD_G ^T@FAJD_GH ^D@FAJD_KV

UD^DX UD^DXGH UD^DXKV

JK^X JK^XGH HWVKV (XDG@RA)

UDGY UDGYGH UGV (RVG^GLNDKV)

G@FVKNGH G@FVKNGH KNAIGV (KFVK_KV)

NAL^DHGV NAL^DHGVGH NAL^DHGVKV

RGVNGDUG RGVNGDUGH RGVNDFDV

NALUGVX NALUGVXGH NALUGVXDV

VGEW^G VGEW^GH VGNMK_KV ( LGIKV^G)

NADLNDHG NADLNDHGH NADLNDHDV

RVG^DHG RVG^DHGH RVG^DHDV

FGJDGUG FGJDGUGH NVGGV

HDG HDGH @AVDV

HDÎWD^G HDÎWD^GH HDÊVK_KHA

NKJJ NKJJGH JJK@KVKVVDUG KVVDUGH JJGIKV

^XKVX ^XKVXGH NA@GL_KV

DLUGLX DLUGLXGH DLUGLXKV

KFKLHALG KFKLHALGH KFKLHALKV

JDUG JDUGH UDUDV

XVKHG XVKHGH NA@GVNDKJD_KV

NAL^XVWNX NAL^XVWNXGH NAL^XVWDV

RKVXDNDRKXG RKVXDNDRKXGH RKVXDNDRKV

VKD^G VKD^GH NVDKV IKLKHA. ( AUDLA,RAVNDLA, FAUDLA)

MWLX MWLXGH NK_KV

YAV^MDR YAV^MDRGH KHAVKVRJKT RJKTGH OWIKV / XANKV WL DL^XVW@GLXA @W^DNKJ

^XWHT ^XWHDGH G^XWHDKV

EKDJ EKDJGH VGRVAFKV

JGKVL JGKVLGH KRVGLHGV

^KUG ^KUGH IWKVHKV / KMAVVKV

JKLH JKLHGH HG^G@FKNKV

GLNAWLXGV GLNAWLXGVGH GLNALXVKVAL

RVKNXDNG RVKNXDNGH RVKNXDNKV

^GG@ ^GG@GH RKVGNGV


43/77


GVKHDNKXG GVKHDNKXGH GVVKHDNKV / GJD@DLKV

YKXNM YKXNMGH @DVKV (XU, RGJDNWJK^)

IWG^^ IWG^^GH KHDUDLKV

VGNAUGV VGNAUGVGH VGNWRGVKVMDVG MDVGH NALXVKXKV

FWVT FWVDGH GLXGVVKV

RKDLX RKDLXGH RDLXKV

NAUGV NAUGVGH NWFVDV

RVAUDHG RVAUDHGH RVAUGGV/RVARAVNDALKV

JD^XGL JD^XGLGH ADV


44/77


JD^XK HG UGVFA^ DVVGIWJKVG^

IA YGLX DV

FGNA@G FGNK@G JJGIKV K ^GVMKUG MKH XGLGV

CGGR CGRX NAL^GVUKV

NA@G NK@G JJGIKV

FG YK^/YGVG ^GVG^XKV

KYKCG KYACG G^XKV HG^RDGVXA

@KCG @KHG MKNGV

YVDXG YVAXG G^NVDFDV

FGIDL FGIKL DLDNDKV

FWDJH FWDJX NAL^XVWDV

FWT FAWIMX NA@RVKV

IGX IAX NAL^GIWDV@GGX @GX NALANGV

^GJJ ^AJH UGLHGV

XKCG XAAC XA@KV KJIA

YDL YAL IKLKV

EDLH EAWLH GLNALXVKV

^YD@ ^YK@ LKHKV

HA HDH MKNGV

^JGGR ^JGRX HAV@DV

CLAY CLGY ^KFGVNALANGV

^RGKC ^RACG MKFJKV

^DLI ^KLI NKLXKV

^GG ^KY UGV

NMAA^G NMA^G GJGIDV

FVGKC FVACG VA@RGV

^GLH ^GLX GLUDKV

HVKY HVGY HDFWOKV


45/77


KNXDUDHKHG^JKFAVKJG^

^XWHGLX G^XWHDKLXG XGKNMGV @KG^XVA^GNVGXKVT ^GNVGXKVDK HANXAV HANXAVJKYTGV KFAIKHA OAWVLKJD^X RGVDAHD^XKYVDXGV G^NVDXAV KNNAWLXKLX NALXKHAVHG^DILGV HD^GKHAV LWV^G GLEGV@GVKRGK^KLX NK@RG^DLA ED^MGV@KL RG^NKHAVEKV@GV IVKLOGVA KVXD^KL KVXG^KLAHVDUGV NALHWNXAV MAW^GYDEG K@K HG NK^K

KNXDUDHKHG^ HGG^RKVND@DGLXA

VGKHDLI JGNXWVK ^YD@@DLI LKXKNDLYKJCDLI NK@DLKV RJKTDLI IK@G^ OWIKV

UDHGAOWGIAÊD^MDLI RG^NK HKLNDLI FKDJGYKXNMDLI XU UGV JK

XGJGUD^DLNK@RDLI KNK@RKV

JD^XGLDLI@W^DN

G^NWNMKV@^DNK

VWLLDLI NAVVGV

KNXDUDHKHG^HGRAVXDUK^

FK^CGXFKJJ F^[WGXFAJ XGLLD^ XGLDÊAAXFKJJ EXFAJ

K@GVDNKLA^YD@@DLI LKXKNDL

^WVE ^WVEGKV VKRRGJDLI VKRGJFWLIGGOW@RDLI

^KJXKV HGJFWLIGG

FK^GFKJJ FD^FAJ

ÂNNGV E XFAJ ANNGV UAJJGTFKJJ UAJGDFAJ

KNXDUDHKHG^RVARDK^ HG ^WNA@WLDHKH

RVKNXDNG ^RAVX^ RVKNXDNKVHGRAVXG^

YAVC XVKFKOKV

XKCG K YKJC ^KJDV HG RK^GA MKLI WR YDXMEVDGLH^

^KJDV NAL K@DIA^

IA XA (RJKNG^) DV K (JWIKVG^) VDHG FDNTNJG @ALXKVFDNDNJGXK

MWLXDLI NK_KV ^MARRDLI HG NA@RVK^NWJXDUKXG NWJXDUKV VD^G NKXXJG NVDKV IKLKHA@KCG EWVLDXWVG MKNGV @WGFJG^ MKLHNVKEXDLI KVXG^KLK^


46/77


KLG]A ;2

JD^XK HG NAXGOA

JWIKV HG D@RKVXDNDAL EGNMK IVWRA

LA@FVG HGJ RKVXDNDRKLXG LA@FVG HGJ DL^XVWNXAV

GL JK NAJW@LK HG JK G]XVG@K HGVGNMK (^D), @KV[WG NAL WLK ] ^D GJ RKVXDNDRKLXG

NW@RJDA NAL JA^ VG[WD^DXA^ ^AJDNDXKHA^.

LA. DLEAV@KNDAL DLNJWDHK GL JK HG^NVDRNDAL RWLXA^

@]D@A^

RWLXA^

KJNKL_KHA^

;. Dldndk jk hgsnrdpndl hklha k nalangr gj la`frg hgj tg`k 7

6. Gl su hgsnrdpndl `glndalk par ja `glas 7 vgrfas

rgiujkrgs 62

>. Gl su hgsnrdpndl `glndalk par ja `glas 7 vgrfas

drrgiujkrgs62

8. Wtdjdzk narrgntk`gltg jks gstrunturks irk`ktdnkjgs 62

7. ^u hgsnrdpndl gs kfulhkltg y namgrgltg 62

5. ^diug ul arhgl jidna gl su hgsnrdpndl ;7

XAXKJ HG RWLXA^ KNW@WJKHA^ ;22

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQEDV@K HGJ RKVXDNDRKLXG

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQEDV@K HGJ DL^XVWNXAV/GUKJWKHAV


47/77


KLG]A ;;

JD^XK HG NAXGOA

JWIKV HG D@RKVXDNDAL EGNMK IVWRA

LA@FVG HGJ RKVXDNDRKLXG LA@FVG HGJ DL^XVWNXAV

GL JK NAJW@LK HG JK G]XVG@K HGVGNMK (^D), @KV[WG NAL WLK ] ^D GJ RKVXDNDRKLXG

NW@RJDA NAL JA^ VG[WD^DXA^ ^AJDNDXKHA^.

LA. DLEAV@KNDAL DLNJWDHK GL JK HG^NVDRNDAL RWLXA^

@]D@A^

RWLXA^

KJNKL_KHA^

;. Rrgsgltkndal gl pawgr paldt 62

6. Mkfjk nal njkrdhkh y namgrglndk >2

>. Wsa narrgnta hgj pkskha sd`pjg 62

8. ^diug ul arhgl jidna gl su hgsnrdpndl 62

7. Xrkfkoa najkfarktdva ;2

XAXKJ HG RWLXA^ KNW@WJKHA^ ;22

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQEDV@K HGJ RKVXDNDRKLXG

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQEDV@K HGJ DL^XVWNXAV/GUKJWKHAV


48/77


KLG]A ;6

NAJGIDA HG FKNMDJJGVG^ HG NK@RGNMGG]K@GL DLIJG^ DD 6HA RKVNDKJ

LK@G AE XMG ^XWHGLX? QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

LK@G AE XMG XGKNMGV? QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ


;. HGEDLG NWKJG^ HG JK^ ^DIWGLXG^ EVK^G^ G VGEDGVGLK KNXDUDHKHG^ G^NAJKVG^

; YVDXG K RKRGV 6 ^GKVNM EAV DLEAV@KXDAL >

XG]X EVDGLH^ 8 XKCG AVHGV^ 7RVG^GLX RVAOGNX^

K) >, 8, 7F) ;, >, 8N) 6, 8, 7H) ;, 6,, 7

6 VGJKNDALK JK NAJW@LK HG JK^ KNXDUDHKHG^ NAL JKHG W^ ^DILDEDNKHA^.

; XG]X EVDGLH^ k) G^NVDFDV KK@DIA^

6 YVDXG RKRGV^ f) XKL^NVDFDVDLEAV@KNDAL

> ^GKVNM DLEAV@KXDAL n) @GL^KOGK^V^GNAL K@DIA^

8 YVDXG XA RGL RKJ^ h) DLUG^XDIKVDLEAV@KNDAL

g) G^NVDFDV XKVGK^

K) ;n, 6g, >h, 8kF) ;k, 6h, >f, 8gN) ;n, 6f, >h, 8kH) ;k, 6h, >g, 8f

> NA@RJGXK JK G]RVG^DL NAL JK^ EVK^G^ NAVVGNXK^

K^ K ^XWHGLX D MKUG XA QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ KLHQQQQQQQQQQQQQXA RK^^ @T ^NMAAJ ^WFOGNX^

K) EDJG DLEAV@KXDAL / VGKH RKRGV^F) VGKH RKRGV^ / @KCG NKJJ^N) YVDXG RKRGV^ / @KCG RVG^GLXKXDAL^H) @KCG RVG^GLXKXDAL^ / XKCG AVHGV^

8 HGXGV@DLK JK^ EAV@K^ HGJ UGVFA FG GL RK^KHA

; FG 6 YK^ > HDH 8 YMGVG 7 YGVG 5 FGGLK) 6, 8F) 7, 8N) ;, 5H) 6, 7

7 NA@RJGXK JK G]RVG^DAL NAL JK EAV@K NALOWIKHKNAVVGNXK HGJ UGVFA FGJK^X LDIMX D QQQQQQQKX MA@G YMDJG @T RKVGLX^

QQQQQQQQQ KX XMG NDLG@K.

K) YK^ / YK^F) YK^ / YGVGN) YGVG / YK^H) YGVG / YGVG

5 HGXGV@DLK JK EAV@K HGJ UGVFA FG [WG MKNG

NAVVGNXK^ JK^ ^DIWDGLXG^ AVKNDALG^.

; XMG NMDJHVGL QQQQQQQKX XMG RKVC JK^X ^KXWVHKTKEXGVLAAL6. XMG ^AL AE @T WLNJG XGH KLH KWLX NJAG QQQQQQQ DLXMG CDLHGVIKVHGL XMD^ @AVLDLI.>. @T RKVGLX^ QQQQQQQQQMKRRT TG^XGVHKT FGNKW^G DXYK^ XMGDV YGHHDLI KLLDUGV^KVT.8. JRs QQQQQQQQQ AJH VGNAVH^ XMKX NALXKDLGH KFAWXXGL ALI^ RGV DHG.

K) ; YGVG, 6 YK^, > YGVG, 8 YGVGF) ; YK^, 6 YGVG, > YGVG, 8 YK^N) ; YGVG, 6 YK^, > YGVG, 8 YK^H) ; YGVG, 6 YGVG, > YK^, 8 YGVG

9 AVHGLG JK^ DIWDGLXG^ RKJKFVK^ RKVK EAV@KV WLKAVKNDAL DLXGVVAIKXDUK.; XMG NMDJHVGL 6 GUGLDLI > ^KXWVHKT 8YGVG 7 YMGVG 5 JK^X .1

K) 5, >, 8, 7, ;, 6F) 7, 8, ;, 5, >, 6N) 7, ;, 8, 5, 6, >H) ;, 8, 7, 5, 6, >

= XVKHWNGYMGVG YGVG TAW KLH XMG NMDJHVGL JK^X LDIMX1

K) HLHG G^XKFK^ NAL GJ LDA JK AXVK LANMG1F) HLHG G^XKFK^ XW T GJ LDA JK WJXD@K LANMG1N) HLHG G^XKFK GJ LDA T XW KLANMG1H) HLHG G^XKFK^ XW T JA^ LDA^ KLANMG1

4 XVKHWNGYMGL YK^ TAWV ^D^XGV ^DNC DL XMG MA^RDXKJ1

K) NWKLHA G^XKFK XW MGV@KLK @GLAV GL GJMA^RDXKJ1F) NWKLHA G^XKFK^ NAL XW MGV@KLK GLEGV@A^ GL GJ

MA^RDXKJ1N) HALHG G^XKFK XW MGV@KLK @GLAV GL GJMA^RDXKJ1


49/77


H) RAV [WG G^XWUA XW MGV@KLK GLEGV@K GL GJMA^RDXKJ1

;2 XVKHWNGXMG @DNG YGVG DL XMG FKVL KJJ LDIMX

K) JA^ VKXALG^ G^XWUDGVAL GL GJ IVKLGVA XAHK JKLANMGF) GJ @KD_ G^XWUA GL GJ IVKLGVA XAHK JK LANMGN) JA^ VKXALG^ G^XKFKL GL JK OKWJK XAHK JK LANMGH) GJ @KD_ G^XWUA GL GJ IVKLGVA JK LANMG RK^KHK.

;; NWKJG^ HG JA^ ^DIWDGLXG^ UGVFA^ ^AL VGIWJKVG^NWKLHA G NALOWIKL GL RK^KHA D@RJG.; HKLNG 6 ^RGKC > IA 8 KL^YGV 7 NKVVT

K) ;, 8, 7F) 6, >, 7N) ;, >, 8

H) 6, 8, 7

;6 NA@RJGXK JK AVKNDAL NAL JK EAV@K NAVVGNXKHGJ UGVFA

@T IDVJEVDGLH KLH D QQQQQQQQQQQ KJJ LDIMX KJXMAWIMYG HDHLX QQQQQQQQQQK) HKLNGH / JDCGF) HKLNGH / JDCGHN) HKLNG / JDCGHH) HKLNG / JDCG

;> NALXG^XK JK RVGIWLXK.YMKX HDH TAW KL^YGV XA XMG XGKNMGV1

QQQQQQQQQQQQQ

K) D KL^YGV TG^ XAXMG [WG^XDALF) D KL^YGVGH LA XA XMG [WG^XDAL

N) TAW KL^YGVGH TG^ XA XMG [WG^XDALH) TAW KL^YGV LA XA XMG [WG^XDAL

;8 XVKHWNGXMG YA@GL HDHLX NALXDLWG XKJCDLI KEXGV XMGG]RJA^DAL

K) JK^ @WOGVG^ LA NALXDLWKL MKFJKLHA HG^RWG^ HGJK G]RJA^DALF) JK^ @WOGVG^ LA NALXDLWKVAL MKFJKLHA HG^RWG^HG JK G]RJA^DAL

N) JK^ @WOGVG^ LA NALXDLWKVAL MKFJKLHA JK XKVHGHG JK G]RJA^DALH) JK^ @WOGVG^ LA MKL NALXDLWKHA MKFJKLHAHG^HG JK G]RJA^DAL

;7 XVKHWNGXMG VKDL ^XKVXGH JKXG KX LDIMX KLH EDLD^MGH GKVJT DLXMG @AVLDLI.

K) JK JJWUDK G@RG_A XG@RVKLA GL JK LANMG TXGV@DLA XKVHG GL JK @KKLKF) JK JJWUDK ^G G^XKFJGNDA XKVHG GL JK LANMG TXGV@DLA XG@RVKLA GL JK @KKLKN) JK JJWUDK G@RG_A XKVHG GL JK LANMG T ^G KEDV@AKTGV GL JK @KKLKH) JK JJWUDK DLDNDA XKVHG GL JK LAN

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