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MEJORES PRACTICAS ENCIBERSEGURIDAD
Roberto Hernández Rojas Valderrama, CISA, CISM, CGEIT, CRISC, ITIL Foundation
ISO 27001 LA, PMP, CFSP
Presidente ISACA Capítulo Ciudad de México
OBJETIVO
Revisar el contenido de algunas guías de
la ISACA que pueden apoyar a las
organizaciones en la mejora de la
ciberseguridad
Nota: Se presenta la documentación en inglés, puesto que los
documentos actualmente no tienen traducción al español
AGENDA
• ISACA - Principios de Privacidad y
administración del programa
• NIST Marco de Trabajo para mejorar la
ciberseguridad en Infraestructura Crítica
• Ciberseguridad y COBIT 5
DIFERENCIA ENTRE PRIVACIDAD Y SEGURIDAD
Fuente: ISACA Privacy Principles and Program Management Guide
RIESGOS ASOCIADOS
• Social media
• Evolving cloud and container computing services
• Mobile applications (apps)
• Big data analytics
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• Bring your own device practices (BYOD)
• Tracking/surveillance technologies
Fuente: ISACA Privacy Principles and Program Management Guide
14 PRINCIPIOS DE PRIVACIDAD DE ISACA
Principle 1: Choice and consent
Principle 2: Legitimate purpose specification and use limitation
Principle 3: Personal information and sensitive information life cycle
Principle 4: Accuracy and quality
Principle 5: Openness, transparency and notice
Principle 6: Individual participation
Principle 7: Accountability
Principle 8: Security safeguards
Principle 9: Monitoring, measuring and reporting
Principle 10: Preventing harm
Principle 11: Third party/vendor management
Principle 12: Breach management
Principle 13: Security and privacy by design
Principle 14: Free flow of information and legitimate restriction
Fuente: ISACA Privacy Principles and Program Management Guide
INFRAESTRUCTURA CRÍTICA
Critical infrastructure is defined in the Executive Order as
“systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital to the
United States that the incapacity or destruction of such systems
and assets would have a debilitating impact on security, national
economic security, national public health or safety, or any
combination of those matters.”
Due to the increasing pressures from external and internal
threats, organizations responsible for critical infrastructure need
to have a consistent and iterative approach to identifying,
assessing, and managing cybersecurity risk. This approach is
necessary regardless of an organization’s size, threat exposure,
or cybersecurity sophistication today
Fuente: NIST Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity
MARCO DE TRABAJO
• The Framework Core is a set of cybersecurity activities, desired outcomes,
and applicable references that are common across critical infrastructure
sectors
Fuente: NIST Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity
MARCO DE TRABAJO
The Framework Core
Fuente: NIST Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity
MARCO DE TRABAJO
The Framework
Core
Fuente: NIST Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity
MARCO DE TRABAJO
• Framework Implementation Tiers (“Tiers”) provide context on how an
organization views cybersecurity risk and the processes in place to manage
that risk. Tiers describe the degree to which an organization’s cybersecurity
risk management practices exhibit the characteristics defined in the
Framework
Tier 1: Partial
Tier 2: Risk Informed
Tier 3: Repeatable
Tier 4: Adaptive
• Risk Management Process
• Integrated Risk Management Program
• External Participation
• Cyber Supply Chain Risk Management
Fuente: NIST Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity
MARCO DE TRABAJO
• A Framework Profile (“Profile”) represents the outcomes based on business
needs that an organization has selected from the Framework Categories and
Subcategories. The Profile can be characterized as the alignment of
standards, guidelines, and practices to the Framework Core in a particular
implementation scenario. Profiles can be used to identify opportunities for
improving cybersecurity posture by comparing a “Current” Profile (the “as is”
state) with a “Target” Profile (the “to be” state).
Fuente: NIST Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity
IMPLANTACIÓN DEL MARCO DE TRABAJO
Fuente: NIST Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity
IMPLANTACIÓN DEL MARCO DE TRABAJO
Step 1: Prioritize and Scope. The organization identifies its business/mission objectives and high-level
organizational priorities. With this information, the organization makes strategic decisions regarding
cybersecurity implementations and determines the scope of systems and assets that support the selected
business line or process.
Step 2: Orient. Once the scope of the cybersecurity program has been determined for the business line or
process, the organization identifies related systems and assets, regulatory requirements, and overall risk
approach. The organization then consults sources to identify threats and vulnerabilities applicable to
those systems and assets. identifies threats to, and vulnerabilities of, those systems and assets.
Step 3: Create a Current Profile. The organization develops a Current Profile by indicating which
Category and Subcategory outcomes from the Framework Core are currently being achieved.
Step 4: Conduct a Risk Assessment. The organization analyzes the operational environment in order to
discern the likelihood of a cybersecurity event and the impact that the event could have on the
organization. It is important that organizations identify emerging risks and use cyber threat information
from internal and external sources to gain a better understanding of the likelihood and impact of
cybersecurity events.
Fuente: NIST Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity
IMPLANTACIÓN DEL MARCO DE TRABAJO
Step 5: Create a Target Profile. The organization creates a Target Profile that focuses on the assessment
of the Framework Categories and Subcategories describing the organization’s desired cybersecurity
outcomes.
Step 6: Determine, Analyze, and Prioritize Gaps. The organization compares the Current Profile and
the Target Profile to determine gaps. Next, it creates a prioritized action plan to address those gaps that
draws upon mission drivers, a cost/benefit analysis, and understanding of risk to achieve the outcomes in
the Target Profile - drawing upon mission drivers, a cost/benefit analysis, and risk understanding - to
achieve the outcomes in the Target Profile. The organization then determines resources necessary to
address the gaps.
Step 7: Implement Action Plan. The organization determines which actions to take in regards to the
gaps, if any, identified in the previous step. It then monitors its current cybersecurity practices against the
Target Profile. For further guidance, the Framework identifies example Informative References regarding
the Categories and Subcategories, but organizations should determine which standards, guidelines, and
practices, including those that are sector specific, work best for their needs.
Fuente: NIST Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity
Information security deals
with information, regardless
of its format. It includes:
• Paper documents
• Digital and intellectual
property
• Verbal or visual
communications
Cybersecurity is concerned
with protecting digital
assets. Includes:
• Networks
• Hardware
• Software
• Information that is
processed, stored or
transported by
internetworked IS
CIBERSEGURIDAD VS. SEGURIDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN
COBIT 5 CONJUNTO DE POLITICAS DE SEGURIDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN
Information Security
Business Continuity/ Disaster Recovery
Asset Management
Rules of Behavior
Acquisition/ Development/ Maintenance
Vendor Management
Communications and Operations
Compliance
Risk Management
Fuente: Transforming Cybersecurity: Using COBIT 5
8 PRINCIPIOS PARA TRANSFORMAR LA CIBERSEGURIDAD
Principle 1. Know the potential impact of cybercrime and
cyberwarfare.
Principle 2. Understand end users, their cultural values and their
behavior patterns.
Principle 3. Clearly state the business case for cybersecurity, and
the risk appetite of the enterprise.
Principle 4. Establish cybersecurity governance.
Principle 5. Manage cybersecurity using principles and enablers.
Principle 6. Know the cybersecurity assurance universe and
objectives.
Principle 7. Provide reasonable assurance over cybersecurity.
Principle 8. Establish and evolve systemic cybersecurity.
Fuente: Transforming Cybersecurity: Using COBIT 5