Need

http://www.greenfacts.org/en/biodiversity/images/bdv-3-17-n-fertilizers.jpg

SCN /C.elegans

www.epa,gov

Resistant Soy

http://www.biochem.arizona.edu

http://cache.viewimages.com/xc/3353096.jpg?v=1&c=ViewImages&k=2&d=0629904139C22E587A5A3CC511DB2D78A55A1E4F32AD3138

Paecilomyces lilacinus

http://www.im.ac.

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http://www.wmc.ac.uk/biology/Image2.jpg

Pasteuria Penetrans

www1.montpellier.inra.fr

Chitin/Chitin

http://www.wmc.ac.uk/biology/Image2.jpg

www.koihealth.org

Inheritance of resistance to soybean cyst nematode in soybean

RIL and F Tilka •Tilka confirms resistant soy are unaffected by SCN

•SCN can circumvent soy resistance in under 3 years (36 generations

•Creation of new resistant strains is more difficult

Resistant Strain V. Susceptible Strain

http://www.nature.com

Pathogenicity of Fungi to Eggs of Heterodera Glycine

Dickson

• Dickson Concludes that parasitic nematodes were reduced significantly by fungus

•Dickson says fungi inhibits the hatching of nematodes eggs

• Dickson suggests that egg and juvenile parasitism is the best way to reduce nematodes

http://fulltextt10.fcla.edu/DLData/SN/SN0022300X/0028_002/96_19.pdf

•When chitin levels were greater or equal to .05% the nematodes were limited by 50%

•At .05% chitin levels plant height is greater that controls

Control of Soybean Cyst Nematode By Chitionolytic Bacteria and Chitin Substrate

Tian

Life Cycle Ultrastructure and Host Specifity of Pasteuria that Parasitizes theSoybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera Glycines by G. R. Noel

• endospores only attach themselves and develop in female juvenile nematodes

• 100,000 endospores/g reduced nematode population by 95%

• Pod yields increased 94% with 100,000 endospores/g

PurposeThe purpose of the experiment would be to

test how biological controls to parasitic nematodes (i.e. SCN) would work with a SCN resistant variety of soy to limit both damage

of SCN to soy and the development of resistance among parasitic nematodes, the

experiment would also test how fungi effects the local micro biota .

Hypothesis

Hypothesis: H(o)- Resistant soy inoculated with biological controls will have no

significant difference in C.elegan count or Rhizobium population from that in plain

soy. H(a)- Resistant soy inoculated with biological

controls will have significantly lower C.elegan count than that in plain soy and similar to that in soy exposed to Copper Sulfate. Resistant soy inoculated with

biological controls will have statistically similar Rhizobium populations to plain soy

and statistically higher Rhizobium populations than the soy with resistant

Rhizobium and copper sulfate.

Dose-response effects of clove oil on the Soy Cyst nematode

Meyer.4% levels of clove oil significantly

decreased egg count

.12% levels kill half of all eggs and hatched nematodes

http://www.fao.org/docrep/v9978e/v9978e07.jpg

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Rhizobium