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Aprende abull Escribir correctamente
y con precisioacuten
bull Utilizar los pronoms febles adecuados en cada caso
bull Identi1047297car las expresiones maacutesgenuinas para expresarte encatalaacuten
bull Evitar los errores y confusionesmaacutes comunes
iexclEl libro de ortograf iacute a y gramaacutetica catalana s p
ara todo s
Ferran AlexandriFiloacutelogo profesor y autor deCatalaacuten para Dummies
Ortograf iacute a y gramaacutetica
catalana s
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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Parte II La acentuacioacuten de las palabras y otros fenoacutemenos interesantes91
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XIII______________________________________________________ Sumario
Acentuar palabras agudas 95Acentuar palabras llanas 96
Acentuar palabras esdruacutejulas 96Los acentos con maacutes bemoles 97Los adverbios en -ment tambieacuten pueden acentuarse 97El acento en las palabras compuestas 97iquestQueacute son las tildes diacriacuteticas 98
La duda de poner acento abierto o cerrado 101La acentuacioacuten de la e 102La acentuacioacuten de la o 103
Lo uacuteltimo sobre el acento y punto nal 105Siacutelabas toacutenicas que no te esperabas 106Adaptacioacuten de extranjerismos 107
Acentuacioacuten de las mayuacutesculas 108
Capiacutetulo 6 Signos sorprendentes la dieacuteresis el guioacuten y elapoacutestrofo 111
Con dieacuteresis sin dieacuteresis 113El guioacuten en las palabras compuestas y derivados 116
Se escriben con guioacuten 116Se escriben sin guioacuten 117
El apoacutestrofo 122El apoacutestrofo en siglas acroacutenimos y nuacutemeros 123Sin apoacutestrofo pero 123
Parte III Desmenuzando el lenguaje 129
Capiacutetulo 7 Lo que tienes que saber sobre el nombre 131
El geacutenero del nombre 132Geacuteneros que puedes llegar a confundir 135Nombres que cambian de signicado seguacuten el geacutenero 137
El nuacutemero del nombre 140Nombres invariables y nombres defectivos 143
Capiacutetulo 8 Lo que tienes que saber sobre el adjetivo 151
Al rico geacutenero iexcldel adjetivo 152Adjetivos invariables respecto al geacutenero 155
Adjetivos singulares y plurales 158Adjetivos invariables respecto al nuacutemero 158
Variables o invariables ahiacute estaacute la diferencia 160Coacutemo colocar bien los adjetivos 163Concordancia entre el nombre y el adjetivo 165
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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16 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Los sonidos vocaacutelicos que se explican en estecapiacutetulo son ocho pero no todos se utilizansiempre en todo el territorio donde se hablacatalaacuten es decir en todo su dominio linguumliacutesticoEl catalaacuten como toda lengua que se habla enun aacuterea geograacuteca extensa tiene dialectos Unmallorquiacuten habla un catalaacuten distinto del quehabla un valenciano un leridano puede usarsolo cinco vocales (las mismas que en caste-
llano) mientras que un barceloneacutes usa ochoCon eso quiero decirte que la pronunciacioacuten
Dentro del catalaacuten oriental encontramos lassiguientes variantes o dialectos
4 Roselloneacutes Hablado en la regioacuten francesadel Roselloacuten (Pirineos Orientales)
4 Central Hablado en la parte centro orientalde Cataluntildea
4 Baleaacuterico Hablado en las islas Baleares
4 Alguereacutes Hablado en la ciudad de Algueren la isla de Cerdentildea (Italia)
de las vocales no es la misma en todo el terri- torio catalanohablante La vocal neutra porejemplo suena en buena parte de Cataluntildeapero no todos los hablantes saben pronunciar-la sobre todo los de la zona occidental comopronto veraacutes
Los linguumlistas han establecido dos grandes blo-ques dialectales el catalaacuten oriental y el catalaacutenoccidental En el mapa siguiente puedes ver los
dialectos del catalaacuten y sus zonas de habla
Y dentro del catalaacuten occidental encontramosestas variantes o dialectos
4 Noroccidental Hablado en la parte noroc-cidental de Cataluntildea pero tambieacuten en la Riba-gorza el bajo Cinca y en las comarcas arago-nesas de la Litera y Matarrantildea
4 Valenciano Hablado en la ComunidadValenciana tambieacuten denominadaPaiacutes Valenciagrave
Los dialectos del catalaacuten
Mapa dialectal del catalaacuten
(continuacutea)
alguereacutes
catalaacutencentral
catalaacuten
noroccidental
CATALAacuteNORIENTAL
CATALAacuteNOCCIDENTAL
valenciano
salat
baleaacuterico
Alguer
roselloneacutes
Islas Baleares
Cataluntildea
Cerdentildea
Comunidad
Valenciana
Andorra
Francia
Gerona
Vic
Palma
Perpintildeaacuten
Berga
Sort
Tamarite
Leacuterida
Tarragona
Barcelona
Fraga
Tortosa
Castelloacutende la Plana
Valencia
Alcoy
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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Parte II La acentuacioacuten de las palabras y otros fenoacutemenos interesantes91
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XIII______________________________________________________ Sumario
Acentuar palabras agudas 95Acentuar palabras llanas 96
Acentuar palabras esdruacutejulas 96Los acentos con maacutes bemoles 97Los adverbios en -ment tambieacuten pueden acentuarse 97El acento en las palabras compuestas 97iquestQueacute son las tildes diacriacuteticas 98
La duda de poner acento abierto o cerrado 101La acentuacioacuten de la e 102La acentuacioacuten de la o 103
Lo uacuteltimo sobre el acento y punto nal 105Siacutelabas toacutenicas que no te esperabas 106Adaptacioacuten de extranjerismos 107
Acentuacioacuten de las mayuacutesculas 108
Capiacutetulo 6 Signos sorprendentes la dieacuteresis el guioacuten y elapoacutestrofo 111
Con dieacuteresis sin dieacuteresis 113El guioacuten en las palabras compuestas y derivados 116
Se escriben con guioacuten 116Se escriben sin guioacuten 117
El apoacutestrofo 122El apoacutestrofo en siglas acroacutenimos y nuacutemeros 123Sin apoacutestrofo pero 123
Parte III Desmenuzando el lenguaje 129
Capiacutetulo 7 Lo que tienes que saber sobre el nombre 131
El geacutenero del nombre 132Geacuteneros que puedes llegar a confundir 135Nombres que cambian de signicado seguacuten el geacutenero 137
El nuacutemero del nombre 140Nombres invariables y nombres defectivos 143
Capiacutetulo 8 Lo que tienes que saber sobre el adjetivo 151
Al rico geacutenero iexcldel adjetivo 152Adjetivos invariables respecto al geacutenero 155
Adjetivos singulares y plurales 158Adjetivos invariables respecto al nuacutemero 158
Variables o invariables ahiacute estaacute la diferencia 160Coacutemo colocar bien los adjetivos 163Concordancia entre el nombre y el adjetivo 165
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Parte V En el ojo del huracaacuten 255
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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16 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Los sonidos vocaacutelicos que se explican en estecapiacutetulo son ocho pero no todos se utilizansiempre en todo el territorio donde se hablacatalaacuten es decir en todo su dominio linguumliacutesticoEl catalaacuten como toda lengua que se habla enun aacuterea geograacuteca extensa tiene dialectos Unmallorquiacuten habla un catalaacuten distinto del quehabla un valenciano un leridano puede usarsolo cinco vocales (las mismas que en caste-
llano) mientras que un barceloneacutes usa ochoCon eso quiero decirte que la pronunciacioacuten
Dentro del catalaacuten oriental encontramos lassiguientes variantes o dialectos
4 Roselloneacutes Hablado en la regioacuten francesadel Roselloacuten (Pirineos Orientales)
4 Central Hablado en la parte centro orientalde Cataluntildea
4 Baleaacuterico Hablado en las islas Baleares
4 Alguereacutes Hablado en la ciudad de Algueren la isla de Cerdentildea (Italia)
de las vocales no es la misma en todo el terri- torio catalanohablante La vocal neutra porejemplo suena en buena parte de Cataluntildeapero no todos los hablantes saben pronunciar-la sobre todo los de la zona occidental comopronto veraacutes
Los linguumlistas han establecido dos grandes blo-ques dialectales el catalaacuten oriental y el catalaacutenoccidental En el mapa siguiente puedes ver los
dialectos del catalaacuten y sus zonas de habla
Y dentro del catalaacuten occidental encontramosestas variantes o dialectos
4 Noroccidental Hablado en la parte noroc-cidental de Cataluntildea pero tambieacuten en la Riba-gorza el bajo Cinca y en las comarcas arago-nesas de la Litera y Matarrantildea
4 Valenciano Hablado en la ComunidadValenciana tambieacuten denominadaPaiacutes Valenciagrave
Los dialectos del catalaacuten
Mapa dialectal del catalaacuten
(continuacutea)
alguereacutes
catalaacutencentral
catalaacuten
noroccidental
CATALAacuteNORIENTAL
CATALAacuteNOCCIDENTAL
valenciano
salat
baleaacuterico
Alguer
roselloneacutes
Islas Baleares
Cataluntildea
Cerdentildea
Comunidad
Valenciana
Andorra
Francia
Gerona
Vic
Palma
Perpintildeaacuten
Berga
Sort
Tamarite
Leacuterida
Tarragona
Barcelona
Fraga
Tortosa
Castelloacutende la Plana
Valencia
Alcoy
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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Parte II La acentuacioacuten de las palabras y otros fenoacutemenos interesantes91
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XIII______________________________________________________ Sumario
Acentuar palabras agudas 95Acentuar palabras llanas 96
Acentuar palabras esdruacutejulas 96Los acentos con maacutes bemoles 97Los adverbios en -ment tambieacuten pueden acentuarse 97El acento en las palabras compuestas 97iquestQueacute son las tildes diacriacuteticas 98
La duda de poner acento abierto o cerrado 101La acentuacioacuten de la e 102La acentuacioacuten de la o 103
Lo uacuteltimo sobre el acento y punto nal 105Siacutelabas toacutenicas que no te esperabas 106Adaptacioacuten de extranjerismos 107
Acentuacioacuten de las mayuacutesculas 108
Capiacutetulo 6 Signos sorprendentes la dieacuteresis el guioacuten y elapoacutestrofo 111
Con dieacuteresis sin dieacuteresis 113El guioacuten en las palabras compuestas y derivados 116
Se escriben con guioacuten 116Se escriben sin guioacuten 117
El apoacutestrofo 122El apoacutestrofo en siglas acroacutenimos y nuacutemeros 123Sin apoacutestrofo pero 123
Parte III Desmenuzando el lenguaje 129
Capiacutetulo 7 Lo que tienes que saber sobre el nombre 131
El geacutenero del nombre 132Geacuteneros que puedes llegar a confundir 135Nombres que cambian de signicado seguacuten el geacutenero 137
El nuacutemero del nombre 140Nombres invariables y nombres defectivos 143
Capiacutetulo 8 Lo que tienes que saber sobre el adjetivo 151
Al rico geacutenero iexcldel adjetivo 152Adjetivos invariables respecto al geacutenero 155
Adjetivos singulares y plurales 158Adjetivos invariables respecto al nuacutemero 158
Variables o invariables ahiacute estaacute la diferencia 160Coacutemo colocar bien los adjetivos 163Concordancia entre el nombre y el adjetivo 165
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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16 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Los sonidos vocaacutelicos que se explican en estecapiacutetulo son ocho pero no todos se utilizansiempre en todo el territorio donde se hablacatalaacuten es decir en todo su dominio linguumliacutesticoEl catalaacuten como toda lengua que se habla enun aacuterea geograacuteca extensa tiene dialectos Unmallorquiacuten habla un catalaacuten distinto del quehabla un valenciano un leridano puede usarsolo cinco vocales (las mismas que en caste-
llano) mientras que un barceloneacutes usa ochoCon eso quiero decirte que la pronunciacioacuten
Dentro del catalaacuten oriental encontramos lassiguientes variantes o dialectos
4 Roselloneacutes Hablado en la regioacuten francesadel Roselloacuten (Pirineos Orientales)
4 Central Hablado en la parte centro orientalde Cataluntildea
4 Baleaacuterico Hablado en las islas Baleares
4 Alguereacutes Hablado en la ciudad de Algueren la isla de Cerdentildea (Italia)
de las vocales no es la misma en todo el terri- torio catalanohablante La vocal neutra porejemplo suena en buena parte de Cataluntildeapero no todos los hablantes saben pronunciar-la sobre todo los de la zona occidental comopronto veraacutes
Los linguumlistas han establecido dos grandes blo-ques dialectales el catalaacuten oriental y el catalaacutenoccidental En el mapa siguiente puedes ver los
dialectos del catalaacuten y sus zonas de habla
Y dentro del catalaacuten occidental encontramosestas variantes o dialectos
4 Noroccidental Hablado en la parte noroc-cidental de Cataluntildea pero tambieacuten en la Riba-gorza el bajo Cinca y en las comarcas arago-nesas de la Litera y Matarrantildea
4 Valenciano Hablado en la ComunidadValenciana tambieacuten denominadaPaiacutes Valenciagrave
Los dialectos del catalaacuten
Mapa dialectal del catalaacuten
(continuacutea)
alguereacutes
catalaacutencentral
catalaacuten
noroccidental
CATALAacuteNORIENTAL
CATALAacuteNOCCIDENTAL
valenciano
salat
baleaacuterico
Alguer
roselloneacutes
Islas Baleares
Cataluntildea
Cerdentildea
Comunidad
Valenciana
Andorra
Francia
Gerona
Vic
Palma
Perpintildeaacuten
Berga
Sort
Tamarite
Leacuterida
Tarragona
Barcelona
Fraga
Tortosa
Castelloacutende la Plana
Valencia
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
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Parte II La acentuacioacuten de las palabras y otros fenoacutemenos interesantes91
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XIII______________________________________________________ Sumario
Acentuar palabras agudas 95Acentuar palabras llanas 96
Acentuar palabras esdruacutejulas 96Los acentos con maacutes bemoles 97Los adverbios en -ment tambieacuten pueden acentuarse 97El acento en las palabras compuestas 97iquestQueacute son las tildes diacriacuteticas 98
La duda de poner acento abierto o cerrado 101La acentuacioacuten de la e 102La acentuacioacuten de la o 103
Lo uacuteltimo sobre el acento y punto nal 105Siacutelabas toacutenicas que no te esperabas 106Adaptacioacuten de extranjerismos 107
Acentuacioacuten de las mayuacutesculas 108
Capiacutetulo 6 Signos sorprendentes la dieacuteresis el guioacuten y elapoacutestrofo 111
Con dieacuteresis sin dieacuteresis 113El guioacuten en las palabras compuestas y derivados 116
Se escriben con guioacuten 116Se escriben sin guioacuten 117
El apoacutestrofo 122El apoacutestrofo en siglas acroacutenimos y nuacutemeros 123Sin apoacutestrofo pero 123
Parte III Desmenuzando el lenguaje 129
Capiacutetulo 7 Lo que tienes que saber sobre el nombre 131
El geacutenero del nombre 132Geacuteneros que puedes llegar a confundir 135Nombres que cambian de signicado seguacuten el geacutenero 137
El nuacutemero del nombre 140Nombres invariables y nombres defectivos 143
Capiacutetulo 8 Lo que tienes que saber sobre el adjetivo 151
Al rico geacutenero iexcldel adjetivo 152Adjetivos invariables respecto al geacutenero 155
Adjetivos singulares y plurales 158Adjetivos invariables respecto al nuacutemero 158
Variables o invariables ahiacute estaacute la diferencia 160Coacutemo colocar bien los adjetivos 163Concordancia entre el nombre y el adjetivo 165
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16 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Los sonidos vocaacutelicos que se explican en estecapiacutetulo son ocho pero no todos se utilizansiempre en todo el territorio donde se hablacatalaacuten es decir en todo su dominio linguumliacutesticoEl catalaacuten como toda lengua que se habla enun aacuterea geograacuteca extensa tiene dialectos Unmallorquiacuten habla un catalaacuten distinto del quehabla un valenciano un leridano puede usarsolo cinco vocales (las mismas que en caste-
llano) mientras que un barceloneacutes usa ochoCon eso quiero decirte que la pronunciacioacuten
Dentro del catalaacuten oriental encontramos lassiguientes variantes o dialectos
4 Roselloneacutes Hablado en la regioacuten francesadel Roselloacuten (Pirineos Orientales)
4 Central Hablado en la parte centro orientalde Cataluntildea
4 Baleaacuterico Hablado en las islas Baleares
4 Alguereacutes Hablado en la ciudad de Algueren la isla de Cerdentildea (Italia)
de las vocales no es la misma en todo el terri- torio catalanohablante La vocal neutra porejemplo suena en buena parte de Cataluntildeapero no todos los hablantes saben pronunciar-la sobre todo los de la zona occidental comopronto veraacutes
Los linguumlistas han establecido dos grandes blo-ques dialectales el catalaacuten oriental y el catalaacutenoccidental En el mapa siguiente puedes ver los
dialectos del catalaacuten y sus zonas de habla
Y dentro del catalaacuten occidental encontramosestas variantes o dialectos
4 Noroccidental Hablado en la parte noroc-cidental de Cataluntildea pero tambieacuten en la Riba-gorza el bajo Cinca y en las comarcas arago-nesas de la Litera y Matarrantildea
4 Valenciano Hablado en la ComunidadValenciana tambieacuten denominadaPaiacutes Valenciagrave
Los dialectos del catalaacuten
Mapa dialectal del catalaacuten
(continuacutea)
alguereacutes
catalaacutencentral
catalaacuten
noroccidental
CATALAacuteNORIENTAL
CATALAacuteNOCCIDENTAL
valenciano
salat
baleaacuterico
Alguer
roselloneacutes
Islas Baleares
Cataluntildea
Cerdentildea
Comunidad
Valenciana
Andorra
Francia
Gerona
Vic
Palma
Perpintildeaacuten
Berga
Sort
Tamarite
Leacuterida
Tarragona
Barcelona
Fraga
Tortosa
Castelloacutende la Plana
Valencia
Alcoy
Alicante
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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Parte II La acentuacioacuten de las palabras y otros fenoacutemenos interesantes91
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XIII______________________________________________________ Sumario
Acentuar palabras agudas 95Acentuar palabras llanas 96
Acentuar palabras esdruacutejulas 96Los acentos con maacutes bemoles 97Los adverbios en -ment tambieacuten pueden acentuarse 97El acento en las palabras compuestas 97iquestQueacute son las tildes diacriacuteticas 98
La duda de poner acento abierto o cerrado 101La acentuacioacuten de la e 102La acentuacioacuten de la o 103
Lo uacuteltimo sobre el acento y punto nal 105Siacutelabas toacutenicas que no te esperabas 106Adaptacioacuten de extranjerismos 107
Acentuacioacuten de las mayuacutesculas 108
Capiacutetulo 6 Signos sorprendentes la dieacuteresis el guioacuten y elapoacutestrofo 111
Con dieacuteresis sin dieacuteresis 113El guioacuten en las palabras compuestas y derivados 116
Se escriben con guioacuten 116Se escriben sin guioacuten 117
El apoacutestrofo 122El apoacutestrofo en siglas acroacutenimos y nuacutemeros 123Sin apoacutestrofo pero 123
Parte III Desmenuzando el lenguaje 129
Capiacutetulo 7 Lo que tienes que saber sobre el nombre 131
El geacutenero del nombre 132Geacuteneros que puedes llegar a confundir 135Nombres que cambian de signicado seguacuten el geacutenero 137
El nuacutemero del nombre 140Nombres invariables y nombres defectivos 143
Capiacutetulo 8 Lo que tienes que saber sobre el adjetivo 151
Al rico geacutenero iexcldel adjetivo 152Adjetivos invariables respecto al geacutenero 155
Adjetivos singulares y plurales 158Adjetivos invariables respecto al nuacutemero 158
Variables o invariables ahiacute estaacute la diferencia 160Coacutemo colocar bien los adjetivos 163Concordancia entre el nombre y el adjetivo 165
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Parte V En el ojo del huracaacuten 255
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16 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Los sonidos vocaacutelicos que se explican en estecapiacutetulo son ocho pero no todos se utilizansiempre en todo el territorio donde se hablacatalaacuten es decir en todo su dominio linguumliacutesticoEl catalaacuten como toda lengua que se habla enun aacuterea geograacuteca extensa tiene dialectos Unmallorquiacuten habla un catalaacuten distinto del quehabla un valenciano un leridano puede usarsolo cinco vocales (las mismas que en caste-
llano) mientras que un barceloneacutes usa ochoCon eso quiero decirte que la pronunciacioacuten
Dentro del catalaacuten oriental encontramos lassiguientes variantes o dialectos
4 Roselloneacutes Hablado en la regioacuten francesadel Roselloacuten (Pirineos Orientales)
4 Central Hablado en la parte centro orientalde Cataluntildea
4 Baleaacuterico Hablado en las islas Baleares
4 Alguereacutes Hablado en la ciudad de Algueren la isla de Cerdentildea (Italia)
de las vocales no es la misma en todo el terri- torio catalanohablante La vocal neutra porejemplo suena en buena parte de Cataluntildeapero no todos los hablantes saben pronunciar-la sobre todo los de la zona occidental comopronto veraacutes
Los linguumlistas han establecido dos grandes blo-ques dialectales el catalaacuten oriental y el catalaacutenoccidental En el mapa siguiente puedes ver los
dialectos del catalaacuten y sus zonas de habla
Y dentro del catalaacuten occidental encontramosestas variantes o dialectos
4 Noroccidental Hablado en la parte noroc-cidental de Cataluntildea pero tambieacuten en la Riba-gorza el bajo Cinca y en las comarcas arago-nesas de la Litera y Matarrantildea
4 Valenciano Hablado en la ComunidadValenciana tambieacuten denominadaPaiacutes Valenciagrave
Los dialectos del catalaacuten
Mapa dialectal del catalaacuten
(continuacutea)
alguereacutes
catalaacutencentral
catalaacuten
noroccidental
CATALAacuteNORIENTAL
CATALAacuteNOCCIDENTAL
valenciano
salat
baleaacuterico
Alguer
roselloneacutes
Islas Baleares
Cataluntildea
Cerdentildea
Comunidad
Valenciana
Andorra
Francia
Gerona
Vic
Palma
Perpintildeaacuten
Berga
Sort
Tamarite
Leacuterida
Tarragona
Barcelona
Fraga
Tortosa
Castelloacutende la Plana
Valencia
Alcoy
Alicante
Elche
Benasque
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20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
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XIII______________________________________________________ Sumario
Acentuar palabras agudas 95Acentuar palabras llanas 96
Acentuar palabras esdruacutejulas 96Los acentos con maacutes bemoles 97Los adverbios en -ment tambieacuten pueden acentuarse 97El acento en las palabras compuestas 97iquestQueacute son las tildes diacriacuteticas 98
La duda de poner acento abierto o cerrado 101La acentuacioacuten de la e 102La acentuacioacuten de la o 103
Lo uacuteltimo sobre el acento y punto nal 105Siacutelabas toacutenicas que no te esperabas 106Adaptacioacuten de extranjerismos 107
Acentuacioacuten de las mayuacutesculas 108
Capiacutetulo 6 Signos sorprendentes la dieacuteresis el guioacuten y elapoacutestrofo 111
Con dieacuteresis sin dieacuteresis 113El guioacuten en las palabras compuestas y derivados 116
Se escriben con guioacuten 116Se escriben sin guioacuten 117
El apoacutestrofo 122El apoacutestrofo en siglas acroacutenimos y nuacutemeros 123Sin apoacutestrofo pero 123
Parte III Desmenuzando el lenguaje 129
Capiacutetulo 7 Lo que tienes que saber sobre el nombre 131
El geacutenero del nombre 132Geacuteneros que puedes llegar a confundir 135Nombres que cambian de signicado seguacuten el geacutenero 137
El nuacutemero del nombre 140Nombres invariables y nombres defectivos 143
Capiacutetulo 8 Lo que tienes que saber sobre el adjetivo 151
Al rico geacutenero iexcldel adjetivo 152Adjetivos invariables respecto al geacutenero 155
Adjetivos singulares y plurales 158Adjetivos invariables respecto al nuacutemero 158
Variables o invariables ahiacute estaacute la diferencia 160Coacutemo colocar bien los adjetivos 163Concordancia entre el nombre y el adjetivo 165
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16 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Los sonidos vocaacutelicos que se explican en estecapiacutetulo son ocho pero no todos se utilizansiempre en todo el territorio donde se hablacatalaacuten es decir en todo su dominio linguumliacutesticoEl catalaacuten como toda lengua que se habla enun aacuterea geograacuteca extensa tiene dialectos Unmallorquiacuten habla un catalaacuten distinto del quehabla un valenciano un leridano puede usarsolo cinco vocales (las mismas que en caste-
llano) mientras que un barceloneacutes usa ochoCon eso quiero decirte que la pronunciacioacuten
Dentro del catalaacuten oriental encontramos lassiguientes variantes o dialectos
4 Roselloneacutes Hablado en la regioacuten francesadel Roselloacuten (Pirineos Orientales)
4 Central Hablado en la parte centro orientalde Cataluntildea
4 Baleaacuterico Hablado en las islas Baleares
4 Alguereacutes Hablado en la ciudad de Algueren la isla de Cerdentildea (Italia)
de las vocales no es la misma en todo el terri- torio catalanohablante La vocal neutra porejemplo suena en buena parte de Cataluntildeapero no todos los hablantes saben pronunciar-la sobre todo los de la zona occidental comopronto veraacutes
Los linguumlistas han establecido dos grandes blo-ques dialectales el catalaacuten oriental y el catalaacutenoccidental En el mapa siguiente puedes ver los
dialectos del catalaacuten y sus zonas de habla
Y dentro del catalaacuten occidental encontramosestas variantes o dialectos
4 Noroccidental Hablado en la parte noroc-cidental de Cataluntildea pero tambieacuten en la Riba-gorza el bajo Cinca y en las comarcas arago-nesas de la Litera y Matarrantildea
4 Valenciano Hablado en la ComunidadValenciana tambieacuten denominadaPaiacutes Valenciagrave
Los dialectos del catalaacuten
Mapa dialectal del catalaacuten
(continuacutea)
alguereacutes
catalaacutencentral
catalaacuten
noroccidental
CATALAacuteNORIENTAL
CATALAacuteNOCCIDENTAL
valenciano
salat
baleaacuterico
Alguer
roselloneacutes
Islas Baleares
Cataluntildea
Cerdentildea
Comunidad
Valenciana
Andorra
Francia
Gerona
Vic
Palma
Perpintildeaacuten
Berga
Sort
Tamarite
Leacuterida
Tarragona
Barcelona
Fraga
Tortosa
Castelloacutende la Plana
Valencia
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20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
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16 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Los sonidos vocaacutelicos que se explican en estecapiacutetulo son ocho pero no todos se utilizansiempre en todo el territorio donde se hablacatalaacuten es decir en todo su dominio linguumliacutesticoEl catalaacuten como toda lengua que se habla enun aacuterea geograacuteca extensa tiene dialectos Unmallorquiacuten habla un catalaacuten distinto del quehabla un valenciano un leridano puede usarsolo cinco vocales (las mismas que en caste-
llano) mientras que un barceloneacutes usa ochoCon eso quiero decirte que la pronunciacioacuten
Dentro del catalaacuten oriental encontramos lassiguientes variantes o dialectos
4 Roselloneacutes Hablado en la regioacuten francesadel Roselloacuten (Pirineos Orientales)
4 Central Hablado en la parte centro orientalde Cataluntildea
4 Baleaacuterico Hablado en las islas Baleares
4 Alguereacutes Hablado en la ciudad de Algueren la isla de Cerdentildea (Italia)
de las vocales no es la misma en todo el terri- torio catalanohablante La vocal neutra porejemplo suena en buena parte de Cataluntildeapero no todos los hablantes saben pronunciar-la sobre todo los de la zona occidental comopronto veraacutes
Los linguumlistas han establecido dos grandes blo-ques dialectales el catalaacuten oriental y el catalaacutenoccidental En el mapa siguiente puedes ver los
dialectos del catalaacuten y sus zonas de habla
Y dentro del catalaacuten occidental encontramosestas variantes o dialectos
4 Noroccidental Hablado en la parte noroc-cidental de Cataluntildea pero tambieacuten en la Riba-gorza el bajo Cinca y en las comarcas arago-nesas de la Litera y Matarrantildea
4 Valenciano Hablado en la ComunidadValenciana tambieacuten denominadaPaiacutes Valenciagrave
Los dialectos del catalaacuten
Mapa dialectal del catalaacuten
(continuacutea)
alguereacutes
catalaacutencentral
catalaacuten
noroccidental
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valenciano
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Valencia
Alcoy
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20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
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16 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Los sonidos vocaacutelicos que se explican en estecapiacutetulo son ocho pero no todos se utilizansiempre en todo el territorio donde se hablacatalaacuten es decir en todo su dominio linguumliacutesticoEl catalaacuten como toda lengua que se habla enun aacuterea geograacuteca extensa tiene dialectos Unmallorquiacuten habla un catalaacuten distinto del quehabla un valenciano un leridano puede usarsolo cinco vocales (las mismas que en caste-
llano) mientras que un barceloneacutes usa ochoCon eso quiero decirte que la pronunciacioacuten
Dentro del catalaacuten oriental encontramos lassiguientes variantes o dialectos
4 Roselloneacutes Hablado en la regioacuten francesadel Roselloacuten (Pirineos Orientales)
4 Central Hablado en la parte centro orientalde Cataluntildea
4 Baleaacuterico Hablado en las islas Baleares
4 Alguereacutes Hablado en la ciudad de Algueren la isla de Cerdentildea (Italia)
de las vocales no es la misma en todo el terri- torio catalanohablante La vocal neutra porejemplo suena en buena parte de Cataluntildeapero no todos los hablantes saben pronunciar-la sobre todo los de la zona occidental comopronto veraacutes
Los linguumlistas han establecido dos grandes blo-ques dialectales el catalaacuten oriental y el catalaacutenoccidental En el mapa siguiente puedes ver los
dialectos del catalaacuten y sus zonas de habla
Y dentro del catalaacuten occidental encontramosestas variantes o dialectos
4 Noroccidental Hablado en la parte noroc-cidental de Cataluntildea pero tambieacuten en la Riba-gorza el bajo Cinca y en las comarcas arago-nesas de la Litera y Matarrantildea
4 Valenciano Hablado en la ComunidadValenciana tambieacuten denominadaPaiacutes Valenciagrave
Los dialectos del catalaacuten
Mapa dialectal del catalaacuten
(continuacutea)
alguereacutes
catalaacutencentral
catalaacuten
noroccidental
CATALAacuteNORIENTAL
CATALAacuteNOCCIDENTAL
valenciano
salat
baleaacuterico
Alguer
roselloneacutes
Islas Baleares
Cataluntildea
Cerdentildea
Comunidad
Valenciana
Andorra
Francia
Gerona
Vic
Palma
Perpintildeaacuten
Berga
Sort
Tamarite
Leacuterida
Tarragona
Barcelona
Fraga
Tortosa
Castelloacutende la Plana
Valencia
Alcoy
Alicante
Elche
Benasque
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
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16 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Los sonidos vocaacutelicos que se explican en estecapiacutetulo son ocho pero no todos se utilizansiempre en todo el territorio donde se hablacatalaacuten es decir en todo su dominio linguumliacutesticoEl catalaacuten como toda lengua que se habla enun aacuterea geograacuteca extensa tiene dialectos Unmallorquiacuten habla un catalaacuten distinto del quehabla un valenciano un leridano puede usarsolo cinco vocales (las mismas que en caste-
llano) mientras que un barceloneacutes usa ochoCon eso quiero decirte que la pronunciacioacuten
Dentro del catalaacuten oriental encontramos lassiguientes variantes o dialectos
4 Roselloneacutes Hablado en la regioacuten francesadel Roselloacuten (Pirineos Orientales)
4 Central Hablado en la parte centro orientalde Cataluntildea
4 Baleaacuterico Hablado en las islas Baleares
4 Alguereacutes Hablado en la ciudad de Algueren la isla de Cerdentildea (Italia)
de las vocales no es la misma en todo el terri- torio catalanohablante La vocal neutra porejemplo suena en buena parte de Cataluntildeapero no todos los hablantes saben pronunciar-la sobre todo los de la zona occidental comopronto veraacutes
Los linguumlistas han establecido dos grandes blo-ques dialectales el catalaacuten oriental y el catalaacutenoccidental En el mapa siguiente puedes ver los
dialectos del catalaacuten y sus zonas de habla
Y dentro del catalaacuten occidental encontramosestas variantes o dialectos
4 Noroccidental Hablado en la parte noroc-cidental de Cataluntildea pero tambieacuten en la Riba-gorza el bajo Cinca y en las comarcas arago-nesas de la Litera y Matarrantildea
4 Valenciano Hablado en la ComunidadValenciana tambieacuten denominadaPaiacutes Valenciagrave
Los dialectos del catalaacuten
Mapa dialectal del catalaacuten
(continuacutea)
alguereacutes
catalaacutencentral
catalaacuten
noroccidental
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valenciano
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Valencia
Alcoy
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20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
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16 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Los sonidos vocaacutelicos que se explican en estecapiacutetulo son ocho pero no todos se utilizansiempre en todo el territorio donde se hablacatalaacuten es decir en todo su dominio linguumliacutesticoEl catalaacuten como toda lengua que se habla enun aacuterea geograacuteca extensa tiene dialectos Unmallorquiacuten habla un catalaacuten distinto del quehabla un valenciano un leridano puede usarsolo cinco vocales (las mismas que en caste-
llano) mientras que un barceloneacutes usa ochoCon eso quiero decirte que la pronunciacioacuten
Dentro del catalaacuten oriental encontramos lassiguientes variantes o dialectos
4 Roselloneacutes Hablado en la regioacuten francesadel Roselloacuten (Pirineos Orientales)
4 Central Hablado en la parte centro orientalde Cataluntildea
4 Baleaacuterico Hablado en las islas Baleares
4 Alguereacutes Hablado en la ciudad de Algueren la isla de Cerdentildea (Italia)
de las vocales no es la misma en todo el terri- torio catalanohablante La vocal neutra porejemplo suena en buena parte de Cataluntildeapero no todos los hablantes saben pronunciar-la sobre todo los de la zona occidental comopronto veraacutes
Los linguumlistas han establecido dos grandes blo-ques dialectales el catalaacuten oriental y el catalaacutenoccidental En el mapa siguiente puedes ver los
dialectos del catalaacuten y sus zonas de habla
Y dentro del catalaacuten occidental encontramosestas variantes o dialectos
4 Noroccidental Hablado en la parte noroc-cidental de Cataluntildea pero tambieacuten en la Riba-gorza el bajo Cinca y en las comarcas arago-nesas de la Litera y Matarrantildea
4 Valenciano Hablado en la ComunidadValenciana tambieacuten denominadaPaiacutes Valenciagrave
Los dialectos del catalaacuten
Mapa dialectal del catalaacuten
(continuacutea)
alguereacutes
catalaacutencentral
catalaacuten
noroccidental
CATALAacuteNORIENTAL
CATALAacuteNOCCIDENTAL
valenciano
salat
baleaacuterico
Alguer
roselloneacutes
Islas Baleares
Cataluntildea
Cerdentildea
Comunidad
Valenciana
Andorra
Francia
Gerona
Vic
Palma
Perpintildeaacuten
Berga
Sort
Tamarite
Leacuterida
Tarragona
Barcelona
Fraga
Tortosa
Castelloacutende la Plana
Valencia
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20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
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16 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Los sonidos vocaacutelicos que se explican en estecapiacutetulo son ocho pero no todos se utilizansiempre en todo el territorio donde se hablacatalaacuten es decir en todo su dominio linguumliacutesticoEl catalaacuten como toda lengua que se habla enun aacuterea geograacuteca extensa tiene dialectos Unmallorquiacuten habla un catalaacuten distinto del quehabla un valenciano un leridano puede usarsolo cinco vocales (las mismas que en caste-
llano) mientras que un barceloneacutes usa ochoCon eso quiero decirte que la pronunciacioacuten
Dentro del catalaacuten oriental encontramos lassiguientes variantes o dialectos
4 Roselloneacutes Hablado en la regioacuten francesadel Roselloacuten (Pirineos Orientales)
4 Central Hablado en la parte centro orientalde Cataluntildea
4 Baleaacuterico Hablado en las islas Baleares
4 Alguereacutes Hablado en la ciudad de Algueren la isla de Cerdentildea (Italia)
de las vocales no es la misma en todo el terri- torio catalanohablante La vocal neutra porejemplo suena en buena parte de Cataluntildeapero no todos los hablantes saben pronunciar-la sobre todo los de la zona occidental comopronto veraacutes
Los linguumlistas han establecido dos grandes blo-ques dialectales el catalaacuten oriental y el catalaacutenoccidental En el mapa siguiente puedes ver los
dialectos del catalaacuten y sus zonas de habla
Y dentro del catalaacuten occidental encontramosestas variantes o dialectos
4 Noroccidental Hablado en la parte noroc-cidental de Cataluntildea pero tambieacuten en la Riba-gorza el bajo Cinca y en las comarcas arago-nesas de la Litera y Matarrantildea
4 Valenciano Hablado en la ComunidadValenciana tambieacuten denominadaPaiacutes Valenciagrave
Los dialectos del catalaacuten
Mapa dialectal del catalaacuten
(continuacutea)
alguereacutes
catalaacutencentral
catalaacuten
noroccidental
CATALAacuteNORIENTAL
CATALAacuteNOCCIDENTAL
valenciano
salat
baleaacuterico
Alguer
roselloneacutes
Islas Baleares
Cataluntildea
Cerdentildea
Comunidad
Valenciana
Andorra
Francia
Gerona
Vic
Palma
Perpintildeaacuten
Berga
Sort
Tamarite
Leacuterida
Tarragona
Barcelona
Fraga
Tortosa
Castelloacutende la Plana
Valencia
Alcoy
Alicante
Elche
Benasque
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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16 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Los sonidos vocaacutelicos que se explican en estecapiacutetulo son ocho pero no todos se utilizansiempre en todo el territorio donde se hablacatalaacuten es decir en todo su dominio linguumliacutesticoEl catalaacuten como toda lengua que se habla enun aacuterea geograacuteca extensa tiene dialectos Unmallorquiacuten habla un catalaacuten distinto del quehabla un valenciano un leridano puede usarsolo cinco vocales (las mismas que en caste-
llano) mientras que un barceloneacutes usa ochoCon eso quiero decirte que la pronunciacioacuten
Dentro del catalaacuten oriental encontramos lassiguientes variantes o dialectos
4 Roselloneacutes Hablado en la regioacuten francesadel Roselloacuten (Pirineos Orientales)
4 Central Hablado en la parte centro orientalde Cataluntildea
4 Baleaacuterico Hablado en las islas Baleares
4 Alguereacutes Hablado en la ciudad de Algueren la isla de Cerdentildea (Italia)
de las vocales no es la misma en todo el terri- torio catalanohablante La vocal neutra porejemplo suena en buena parte de Cataluntildeapero no todos los hablantes saben pronunciar-la sobre todo los de la zona occidental comopronto veraacutes
Los linguumlistas han establecido dos grandes blo-ques dialectales el catalaacuten oriental y el catalaacutenoccidental En el mapa siguiente puedes ver los
dialectos del catalaacuten y sus zonas de habla
Y dentro del catalaacuten occidental encontramosestas variantes o dialectos
4 Noroccidental Hablado en la parte noroc-cidental de Cataluntildea pero tambieacuten en la Riba-gorza el bajo Cinca y en las comarcas arago-nesas de la Litera y Matarrantildea
4 Valenciano Hablado en la ComunidadValenciana tambieacuten denominadaPaiacutes Valenciagrave
Los dialectos del catalaacuten
Mapa dialectal del catalaacuten
(continuacutea)
alguereacutes
catalaacutencentral
catalaacuten
noroccidental
CATALAacuteNORIENTAL
CATALAacuteNOCCIDENTAL
valenciano
salat
baleaacuterico
Alguer
roselloneacutes
Islas Baleares
Cataluntildea
Cerdentildea
Comunidad
Valenciana
Andorra
Francia
Gerona
Vic
Palma
Perpintildeaacuten
Berga
Sort
Tamarite
Leacuterida
Tarragona
Barcelona
Fraga
Tortosa
Castelloacutende la Plana
Valencia
Alcoy
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20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
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16 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Los sonidos vocaacutelicos que se explican en estecapiacutetulo son ocho pero no todos se utilizansiempre en todo el territorio donde se hablacatalaacuten es decir en todo su dominio linguumliacutesticoEl catalaacuten como toda lengua que se habla enun aacuterea geograacuteca extensa tiene dialectos Unmallorquiacuten habla un catalaacuten distinto del quehabla un valenciano un leridano puede usarsolo cinco vocales (las mismas que en caste-
llano) mientras que un barceloneacutes usa ochoCon eso quiero decirte que la pronunciacioacuten
Dentro del catalaacuten oriental encontramos lassiguientes variantes o dialectos
4 Roselloneacutes Hablado en la regioacuten francesadel Roselloacuten (Pirineos Orientales)
4 Central Hablado en la parte centro orientalde Cataluntildea
4 Baleaacuterico Hablado en las islas Baleares
4 Alguereacutes Hablado en la ciudad de Algueren la isla de Cerdentildea (Italia)
de las vocales no es la misma en todo el terri- torio catalanohablante La vocal neutra porejemplo suena en buena parte de Cataluntildeapero no todos los hablantes saben pronunciar-la sobre todo los de la zona occidental comopronto veraacutes
Los linguumlistas han establecido dos grandes blo-ques dialectales el catalaacuten oriental y el catalaacutenoccidental En el mapa siguiente puedes ver los
dialectos del catalaacuten y sus zonas de habla
Y dentro del catalaacuten occidental encontramosestas variantes o dialectos
4 Noroccidental Hablado en la parte noroc-cidental de Cataluntildea pero tambieacuten en la Riba-gorza el bajo Cinca y en las comarcas arago-nesas de la Litera y Matarrantildea
4 Valenciano Hablado en la ComunidadValenciana tambieacuten denominadaPaiacutes Valenciagrave
Los dialectos del catalaacuten
Mapa dialectal del catalaacuten
(continuacutea)
alguereacutes
catalaacutencentral
catalaacuten
noroccidental
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valenciano
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
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16 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Los sonidos vocaacutelicos que se explican en estecapiacutetulo son ocho pero no todos se utilizansiempre en todo el territorio donde se hablacatalaacuten es decir en todo su dominio linguumliacutesticoEl catalaacuten como toda lengua que se habla enun aacuterea geograacuteca extensa tiene dialectos Unmallorquiacuten habla un catalaacuten distinto del quehabla un valenciano un leridano puede usarsolo cinco vocales (las mismas que en caste-
llano) mientras que un barceloneacutes usa ochoCon eso quiero decirte que la pronunciacioacuten
Dentro del catalaacuten oriental encontramos lassiguientes variantes o dialectos
4 Roselloneacutes Hablado en la regioacuten francesadel Roselloacuten (Pirineos Orientales)
4 Central Hablado en la parte centro orientalde Cataluntildea
4 Baleaacuterico Hablado en las islas Baleares
4 Alguereacutes Hablado en la ciudad de Algueren la isla de Cerdentildea (Italia)
de las vocales no es la misma en todo el terri- torio catalanohablante La vocal neutra porejemplo suena en buena parte de Cataluntildeapero no todos los hablantes saben pronunciar-la sobre todo los de la zona occidental comopronto veraacutes
Los linguumlistas han establecido dos grandes blo-ques dialectales el catalaacuten oriental y el catalaacutenoccidental En el mapa siguiente puedes ver los
dialectos del catalaacuten y sus zonas de habla
Y dentro del catalaacuten occidental encontramosestas variantes o dialectos
4 Noroccidental Hablado en la parte noroc-cidental de Cataluntildea pero tambieacuten en la Riba-gorza el bajo Cinca y en las comarcas arago-nesas de la Litera y Matarrantildea
4 Valenciano Hablado en la ComunidadValenciana tambieacuten denominadaPaiacutes Valenciagrave
Los dialectos del catalaacuten
Mapa dialectal del catalaacuten
(continuacutea)
alguereacutes
catalaacutencentral
catalaacuten
noroccidental
CATALAacuteNORIENTAL
CATALAacuteNOCCIDENTAL
valenciano
salat
baleaacuterico
Alguer
roselloneacutes
Islas Baleares
Cataluntildea
Cerdentildea
Comunidad
Valenciana
Andorra
Francia
Gerona
Vic
Palma
Perpintildeaacuten
Berga
Sort
Tamarite
Leacuterida
Tarragona
Barcelona
Fraga
Tortosa
Castelloacutende la Plana
Valencia
Alcoy
Alicante
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Benasque
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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16 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Los sonidos vocaacutelicos que se explican en estecapiacutetulo son ocho pero no todos se utilizansiempre en todo el territorio donde se hablacatalaacuten es decir en todo su dominio linguumliacutesticoEl catalaacuten como toda lengua que se habla enun aacuterea geograacuteca extensa tiene dialectos Unmallorquiacuten habla un catalaacuten distinto del quehabla un valenciano un leridano puede usarsolo cinco vocales (las mismas que en caste-
llano) mientras que un barceloneacutes usa ochoCon eso quiero decirte que la pronunciacioacuten
Dentro del catalaacuten oriental encontramos lassiguientes variantes o dialectos
4 Roselloneacutes Hablado en la regioacuten francesadel Roselloacuten (Pirineos Orientales)
4 Central Hablado en la parte centro orientalde Cataluntildea
4 Baleaacuterico Hablado en las islas Baleares
4 Alguereacutes Hablado en la ciudad de Algueren la isla de Cerdentildea (Italia)
de las vocales no es la misma en todo el terri- torio catalanohablante La vocal neutra porejemplo suena en buena parte de Cataluntildeapero no todos los hablantes saben pronunciar-la sobre todo los de la zona occidental comopronto veraacutes
Los linguumlistas han establecido dos grandes blo-ques dialectales el catalaacuten oriental y el catalaacutenoccidental En el mapa siguiente puedes ver los
dialectos del catalaacuten y sus zonas de habla
Y dentro del catalaacuten occidental encontramosestas variantes o dialectos
4 Noroccidental Hablado en la parte noroc-cidental de Cataluntildea pero tambieacuten en la Riba-gorza el bajo Cinca y en las comarcas arago-nesas de la Litera y Matarrantildea
4 Valenciano Hablado en la ComunidadValenciana tambieacuten denominadaPaiacutes Valenciagrave
Los dialectos del catalaacuten
Mapa dialectal del catalaacuten
(continuacutea)
alguereacutes
catalaacutencentral
catalaacuten
noroccidental
CATALAacuteNORIENTAL
CATALAacuteNOCCIDENTAL
valenciano
salat
baleaacuterico
Alguer
roselloneacutes
Islas Baleares
Cataluntildea
Cerdentildea
Comunidad
Valenciana
Andorra
Francia
Gerona
Vic
Palma
Perpintildeaacuten
Berga
Sort
Tamarite
Leacuterida
Tarragona
Barcelona
Fraga
Tortosa
Castelloacutende la Plana
Valencia
Alcoy
Alicante
Elche
Benasque
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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16 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Los sonidos vocaacutelicos que se explican en estecapiacutetulo son ocho pero no todos se utilizansiempre en todo el territorio donde se hablacatalaacuten es decir en todo su dominio linguumliacutesticoEl catalaacuten como toda lengua que se habla enun aacuterea geograacuteca extensa tiene dialectos Unmallorquiacuten habla un catalaacuten distinto del quehabla un valenciano un leridano puede usarsolo cinco vocales (las mismas que en caste-
llano) mientras que un barceloneacutes usa ochoCon eso quiero decirte que la pronunciacioacuten
Dentro del catalaacuten oriental encontramos lassiguientes variantes o dialectos
4 Roselloneacutes Hablado en la regioacuten francesadel Roselloacuten (Pirineos Orientales)
4 Central Hablado en la parte centro orientalde Cataluntildea
4 Baleaacuterico Hablado en las islas Baleares
4 Alguereacutes Hablado en la ciudad de Algueren la isla de Cerdentildea (Italia)
de las vocales no es la misma en todo el terri- torio catalanohablante La vocal neutra porejemplo suena en buena parte de Cataluntildeapero no todos los hablantes saben pronunciar-la sobre todo los de la zona occidental comopronto veraacutes
Los linguumlistas han establecido dos grandes blo-ques dialectales el catalaacuten oriental y el catalaacutenoccidental En el mapa siguiente puedes ver los
dialectos del catalaacuten y sus zonas de habla
Y dentro del catalaacuten occidental encontramosestas variantes o dialectos
4 Noroccidental Hablado en la parte noroc-cidental de Cataluntildea pero tambieacuten en la Riba-gorza el bajo Cinca y en las comarcas arago-nesas de la Litera y Matarrantildea
4 Valenciano Hablado en la ComunidadValenciana tambieacuten denominadaPaiacutes Valenciagrave
Los dialectos del catalaacuten
Mapa dialectal del catalaacuten
(continuacutea)
alguereacutes
catalaacutencentral
catalaacuten
noroccidental
CATALAacuteNORIENTAL
CATALAacuteNOCCIDENTAL
valenciano
salat
baleaacuterico
Alguer
roselloneacutes
Islas Baleares
Cataluntildea
Cerdentildea
Comunidad
Valenciana
Andorra
Francia
Gerona
Vic
Palma
Perpintildeaacuten
Berga
Sort
Tamarite
Leacuterida
Tarragona
Barcelona
Fraga
Tortosa
Castelloacutende la Plana
Valencia
Alcoy
Alicante
Elche
Benasque
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 1824
16 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Los sonidos vocaacutelicos que se explican en estecapiacutetulo son ocho pero no todos se utilizansiempre en todo el territorio donde se hablacatalaacuten es decir en todo su dominio linguumliacutesticoEl catalaacuten como toda lengua que se habla enun aacuterea geograacuteca extensa tiene dialectos Unmallorquiacuten habla un catalaacuten distinto del quehabla un valenciano un leridano puede usarsolo cinco vocales (las mismas que en caste-
llano) mientras que un barceloneacutes usa ochoCon eso quiero decirte que la pronunciacioacuten
Dentro del catalaacuten oriental encontramos lassiguientes variantes o dialectos
4 Roselloneacutes Hablado en la regioacuten francesadel Roselloacuten (Pirineos Orientales)
4 Central Hablado en la parte centro orientalde Cataluntildea
4 Baleaacuterico Hablado en las islas Baleares
4 Alguereacutes Hablado en la ciudad de Algueren la isla de Cerdentildea (Italia)
de las vocales no es la misma en todo el terri- torio catalanohablante La vocal neutra porejemplo suena en buena parte de Cataluntildeapero no todos los hablantes saben pronunciar-la sobre todo los de la zona occidental comopronto veraacutes
Los linguumlistas han establecido dos grandes blo-ques dialectales el catalaacuten oriental y el catalaacutenoccidental En el mapa siguiente puedes ver los
dialectos del catalaacuten y sus zonas de habla
Y dentro del catalaacuten occidental encontramosestas variantes o dialectos
4 Noroccidental Hablado en la parte noroc-cidental de Cataluntildea pero tambieacuten en la Riba-gorza el bajo Cinca y en las comarcas arago-nesas de la Litera y Matarrantildea
4 Valenciano Hablado en la ComunidadValenciana tambieacuten denominadaPaiacutes Valenciagrave
Los dialectos del catalaacuten
Mapa dialectal del catalaacuten
(continuacutea)
alguereacutes
catalaacutencentral
catalaacuten
noroccidental
CATALAacuteNORIENTAL
CATALAacuteNOCCIDENTAL
valenciano
salat
baleaacuterico
Alguer
roselloneacutes
Islas Baleares
Cataluntildea
Cerdentildea
Comunidad
Valenciana
Andorra
Francia
Gerona
Vic
Palma
Perpintildeaacuten
Berga
Sort
Tamarite
Leacuterida
Tarragona
Barcelona
Fraga
Tortosa
Castelloacutende la Plana
Valencia
Alcoy
Alicante
Elche
Benasque
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 1924
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2224
20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2324
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 1824
16 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Los sonidos vocaacutelicos que se explican en estecapiacutetulo son ocho pero no todos se utilizansiempre en todo el territorio donde se hablacatalaacuten es decir en todo su dominio linguumliacutesticoEl catalaacuten como toda lengua que se habla enun aacuterea geograacuteca extensa tiene dialectos Unmallorquiacuten habla un catalaacuten distinto del quehabla un valenciano un leridano puede usarsolo cinco vocales (las mismas que en caste-
llano) mientras que un barceloneacutes usa ochoCon eso quiero decirte que la pronunciacioacuten
Dentro del catalaacuten oriental encontramos lassiguientes variantes o dialectos
4 Roselloneacutes Hablado en la regioacuten francesadel Roselloacuten (Pirineos Orientales)
4 Central Hablado en la parte centro orientalde Cataluntildea
4 Baleaacuterico Hablado en las islas Baleares
4 Alguereacutes Hablado en la ciudad de Algueren la isla de Cerdentildea (Italia)
de las vocales no es la misma en todo el terri- torio catalanohablante La vocal neutra porejemplo suena en buena parte de Cataluntildeapero no todos los hablantes saben pronunciar-la sobre todo los de la zona occidental comopronto veraacutes
Los linguumlistas han establecido dos grandes blo-ques dialectales el catalaacuten oriental y el catalaacutenoccidental En el mapa siguiente puedes ver los
dialectos del catalaacuten y sus zonas de habla
Y dentro del catalaacuten occidental encontramosestas variantes o dialectos
4 Noroccidental Hablado en la parte noroc-cidental de Cataluntildea pero tambieacuten en la Riba-gorza el bajo Cinca y en las comarcas arago-nesas de la Litera y Matarrantildea
4 Valenciano Hablado en la ComunidadValenciana tambieacuten denominadaPaiacutes Valenciagrave
Los dialectos del catalaacuten
Mapa dialectal del catalaacuten
(continuacutea)
alguereacutes
catalaacutencentral
catalaacuten
noroccidental
CATALAacuteNORIENTAL
CATALAacuteNOCCIDENTAL
valenciano
salat
baleaacuterico
Alguer
roselloneacutes
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Cataluntildea
Cerdentildea
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Valenciana
Andorra
Francia
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Vic
Palma
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Berga
Sort
Tamarite
Leacuterida
Tarragona
Barcelona
Fraga
Tortosa
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Valencia
Alcoy
Alicante
Elche
Benasque
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 1924
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2024
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2124
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2224
20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2324
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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2424
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 1924
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2024
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2224
20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2324
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2424
6+73 D 8737+H+ )+3+J=
2 ) -O -X3 )OP ^P$ ++K NLOPIP-ampL amp(I MI+ $ +)$03 ampLOI0 O + + -3lt$ +P ampP(RK O + + 03$ +P )LP-RK$ 6+
JLJ + )OK +K+ KOPOL3 MI+ K+ NLOI-+ -OP HampL-amp^P + K-I+LK HO-+K3 amp)+L+P-amp + +K+ KOL 4 +K+ -KJ+P8$
2 lt ampNL+L KampNLR03 )lt )`K0$ ++K NLOPIP-ampL -OO ++ (amp3+ KOI0 +P ampP(RK O -OO amp )LP-+K + $5lt4 -+]P0$
27 ++ -JP +K IB amp)+L+PJ+ + -KJ+P3 +K IP KOPampO`K N+PO3 -OO Kamp JIHamp+LK +P(I ampP-$ 7L NLOPIP-ampL++K JO-L IP NO-O -OP +P(I NP NLJ+ +PJ+L + NL3 -+L- + OK amp+PJ+K KIN+LampOL+K$ gtP -ampO3 +P -KJ+PO3 +P(I ONJ IP NOKJIL IB NIPJamp(I B JO- + NL +P IP
NOKamp-amp^P `K -amp +PJLO3 +OK + OK amp+PJ+K KIN+LampOL+K$
6amp(Iamp+PO -OP K -OPKOPPJ+K B -OP OK KOPampOK MI+ ampZ+L+P -OP + -KJ+PO3 OL +K + O+PJO + ZLK+ +P K NL+K + -OPKOPPJ+K MI+NLOI-+P IP KOO KOPampOC OK (L)OK$
0- amp3)0- 0 2)- (01+-)- OK amp=0(3 KOP -OPIPJOK + OK +JLK -OPKOPPJ+K MI+ L+NL+K+PJPIPO O ampP-IKO HLampOK KOPampOK 4-OO NOL ++NO +4(2( K+`P03
(466( +J08$ 5ampRP K+ +POampPP 7$0( 351$($ F(IPOKJampRP +EampKJ+P +P -KJ+PO3 -OO -- 66 O ) B )$ AOP +KJOK PO J+PL`K NLO+ B -OP + L+KJO POJL`K MI+ NI++P NL+P+LK+ -OP )-ampamp$
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2024
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2124
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2224
20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2324
$ $+H32 5D lt+4 7+4 B2
0++ 5C( 67=2=)E+)EG= +4 )=4=+=34 )+3++=+4 amp(
0)( -2+1 3$
2 9)H2A 1 85lt2ltB B2gt 62 lt43gtgtlt
)ampamp92ampA )4 9H-( I43B 9H4 3B7( 92BgtG=35 962BgtG= 35A( 92lt 962HltA( A25)9255A
1 85lt2ltB B2gt 62 lt43gtgtlt
amp 2 4 94A( 2Blt2 92BltK2A 1 85lt2ltB B2gt 62 lt43gtgtlt
gt gtlt3 9=EltA 1 85lt2ltB B2gt 62 lt
43gtgtlt B 9gtBA )Blt 9)B2
ltHgtA
C43 4 )Bamp5lt3$ B5gt 8gtBBElt amp25 ) gt
3+gt
7amp 77 7 9H5A( 7B2 95B2A 47794K55A
1 85lt2ltB B2gt 62 lt43gtgtlt
4amp )amp 44amp Iamp 4) 4lt 94GltA( )lt3 94JltA( =449=H4A ltIE 9lt4EA4)lt4 944Klt4A
0)4 434 =+BltBlt44 85lt2ltBlt = gt 4lt 43gtgtlt
4amp 4 9G-A( lt 9-EltA C43 4 )Bamp5lt3$ B5
gt 8gtBBElt amp25 ) gt 3+gt
-amp E- -B855 94B85JA( ampE- 9ampH4A
C43 4 )Bamp5lt3$ B5gt 8gtBBElt amp25 ) gt
3+gt
Bamp gt 9gtA( B 9 GA C43 4 )Bamp5lt3$ B5gt 8gtBBElt amp25 ) gt
3+gt
gtP NampKJ P_+LO 1 4NLamp+L3 K+(IP B J+L-+L NLJ+83 + IampO MI+-ONQ ampLO 5((62 0(-( 3)448+ 4 +P-OPJLL`K +P N`(ampP G+ ((()ampamp$+) 8 NI++K OL JOOK OK KOPampOK -OPKOP`PJamp-OK +)+JO -J`P$
K -KampK MI+ J+ + L-O -OO Y[gtKJO B +K amp)+L+PJ+U L+MIamp+L+P IP+ENamp--amp^P `K +EJ+PK3 NOLMI+ KOP KOPampOK MI+ PO +EampKJ+P +P -KJ+POC
29 + ]03 9O- X-0$ ++K NLOPIP-ampLO -OO 7 + 6(8 O634 +P ampP(RK O -OO 93$0 +P )LP-RK$
E J E M
P L O
E J E MPL O
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2424
6+73 D 8737+H+ )+3+J=
2 ) -O -X3 )OP ^P$ ++K NLOPIP-ampL amp(I MI+ $ +)$03 ampLOI0 O + + -3lt$ +P ampP(RK O + + 03$ +P )LP-RK$ 6+
JLJ + )OK +K+ KOPOL3 MI+ K+ NLOI-+ -OP HampL-amp^P + K-I+LK HO-+K3 amp)+L+P-amp + +K+ KOL 4 +K+ -KJ+P8$
2 lt ampNL+L KampNLR03 )lt )`K0$ ++K NLOPIP-ampL -OO ++ (amp3+ KOI0 +P ampP(RK O -OO amp )LP-+K + $5lt4 -+]P0$
27 ++ -JP +K IB amp)+L+PJ+ + -KJ+P3 +K IP KOPampO`K N+PO3 -OO Kamp JIHamp+LK +P(I ampP-$ 7L NLOPIP-ampL++K JO-L IP NO-O -OP +P(I NP NLJ+ +PJ+L + NL3 -+L- + OK amp+PJ+K KIN+LampOL+K$ gtP -ampO3 +P -KJ+PO3 +P(I ONJ IP NOKJIL IB NIPJamp(I B JO- + NL +P IP
NOKamp-amp^P `K -amp +PJLO3 +OK + OK amp+PJ+K KIN+LampOL+K$
6amp(Iamp+PO -OP K -OPKOPPJ+K B -OP OK KOPampOK MI+ ampZ+L+P -OP + -KJ+PO3 OL +K + O+PJO + ZLK+ +P K NL+K + -OPKOPPJ+K MI+NLOI-+P IP KOO KOPampOC OK (L)OK$
0- amp3)0- 0 2)- (01+-)- OK amp=0(3 KOP -OPIPJOK + OK +JLK -OPKOPPJ+K MI+ L+NL+K+PJPIPO O ampP-IKO HLampOK KOPampOK 4-OO NOL ++NO +4(2( K+`P03
(466( +J08$ 5ampRP K+ +POampPP 7$0( 351$($ F(IPOKJampRP +EampKJ+P +P -KJ+PO3 -OO -- 66 O ) B )$ AOP +KJOK PO J+PL`K NLO+ B -OP + L+KJO POJL`K MI+ NI++P NL+P+LK+ -OP )-ampamp$
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2124
(22222222222222222222222222222222222 rWCEgrave=ltIE (b iW SQIW TSI MltSQE
VBRESaeliggtRHD SR GRGDMV gtR ltVltV GAringgt UMRE SR EV TMDgtMSVS QDEaeligltMTD4^W[PGhp^`b IOSO L`J` EP ^EJWOIO ^OQO Gm
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V3 oH HPV SDESR gtR BDSTR HV MEltRBTMUumlE SR HV gtVHMSV SRH VMR R gtRHHVGV BEltD SR VltMTHVTMUacuteEa
oE HDgt HVUMDgta UMHVUMVHRgt -LEltVESD HDgt HVUMDgt3 6 HVUMDSREltVHRgt -LE4ltVESD HDgt SMREltRgt gtBRMDRgt TDE RH HVUMD MEQRMD3u
oE HDgt SMREltRgta SREltVHRgtu
oE HDgt VH9aeligDHDgt SR HDgt SMREltRgta VH9RDHVRgtu
oE HV HREPV 6 RH BVHVSVa BVHVltVHRgtu
oE RH 9RHD SRH BVHVSVa 9RHVRgtu
U3 hV QDGV TUumlGD gtR BDSTR HV MEltRBTMUumlE SRH VMR R gtR HHVGV GDSDSR VltMTHVTMUacuteEa
cD TDEltVTltD ltDltVH REltR SDgt UumlPVEDgt R BD9DTV HV MEltRBTMUumlE SRHV gtVHMSV SRH VMR RgtBMVSDa DTHgtM9Dgtu
cD VBD7MGVTMUumlE REltR SDgt UumlPVEDgt 6 gtVHMSV SRH VMR TDE D5VGMRE4
ltDa QMTVltM9Dgtu
cD TDEltVTltD 6 VBD7MGVTMUumlE RE SDgt ltMRGBDgt -DTHgtMUumlE 6 QMTVTMUumlE3aVQMTVSDgtu
qDESTMRESD RH VMR BD HDgt HVSDgt SR HV TV9MSVS UTVHa HVltRVHRgtu
cD TDEltVTltD UR9R 6 RMltRVSD REltR SDgt UumlPVEDgta 9MUVEltRgtu
T3 hV MEltR9RETMUumlE SR HV TRSVgt 9DTVHRgta
oH VMR OVTR 9MUV HVgt TRSVgt 9DTVHRgta gtDEMSDgt gtDEDDgtu
oH VMR ED OVTR 9MUV HVgt TRSVgt 9DTVHRgta gtDEMSDgt gtDSDgtu
S3 hV gtVHMSV SRH VMRa
oH VMR gtR RgtTVBV BD HV UDTVa gtDEMSDgt DVHRgtu
oH VMR gtR RgtTVBV BD HVgt QDgtVgt EVgtVHRgta gtDEMSDgt EVgtVHRgtu
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2224
20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2324
$ $+H32 5D lt+4 7+4 B2
0++ 5C( 67=2=)E+)EG= +4 )=4=+=34 )+3++=+4 amp(
0)( -2+1 3$
2 9)H2A 1 85lt2ltB B2gt 62 lt43gtgtlt
)ampamp92ampA )4 9H-( I43B 9H4 3B7( 92BgtG=35 962BgtG= 35A( 92lt 962HltA( A25)9255A
1 85lt2ltB B2gt 62 lt43gtgtlt
amp 2 4 94A( 2Blt2 92BltK2A 1 85lt2ltB B2gt 62 lt43gtgtlt
gt gtlt3 9=EltA 1 85lt2ltB B2gt 62 lt
43gtgtlt B 9gtBA )Blt 9)B2
ltHgtA
C43 4 )Bamp5lt3$ B5gt 8gtBBElt amp25 ) gt
3+gt
7amp 77 7 9H5A( 7B2 95B2A 47794K55A
1 85lt2ltB B2gt 62 lt43gtgtlt
4amp )amp 44amp Iamp 4) 4lt 94GltA( )lt3 94JltA( =449=H4A ltIE 9lt4EA4)lt4 944Klt4A
0)4 434 =+BltBlt44 85lt2ltBlt = gt 4lt 43gtgtlt
4amp 4 9G-A( lt 9-EltA C43 4 )Bamp5lt3$ B5
gt 8gtBBElt amp25 ) gt 3+gt
-amp E- -B855 94B85JA( ampE- 9ampH4A
C43 4 )Bamp5lt3$ B5gt 8gtBBElt amp25 ) gt
3+gt
Bamp gt 9gtA( B 9 GA C43 4 )Bamp5lt3$ B5gt 8gtBBElt amp25 ) gt
3+gt
gtP NampKJ P_+LO 1 4NLamp+L3 K+(IP B J+L-+L NLJ+83 + IampO MI+-ONQ ampLO 5((62 0(-( 3)448+ 4 +P-OPJLL`K +P N`(ampP G+ ((()ampamp$+) 8 NI++K OL JOOK OK KOPampOK -OPKOP`PJamp-OK +)+JO -J`P$
K -KampK MI+ J+ + L-O -OO Y[gtKJO B +K amp)+L+PJ+U L+MIamp+L+P IP+ENamp--amp^P `K +EJ+PK3 NOLMI+ KOP KOPampOK MI+ PO +EampKJ+P +P -KJ+POC
29 + ]03 9O- X-0$ ++K NLOPIP-ampLO -OO 7 + 6(8 O634 +P ampP(RK O -OO 93$0 +P )LP-RK$
E J E M
P L O
E J E MPL O
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2424
6+73 D 8737+H+ )+3+J=
2 ) -O -X3 )OP ^P$ ++K NLOPIP-ampL amp(I MI+ $ +)$03 ampLOI0 O + + -3lt$ +P ampP(RK O + + 03$ +P )LP-RK$ 6+
JLJ + )OK +K+ KOPOL3 MI+ K+ NLOI-+ -OP HampL-amp^P + K-I+LK HO-+K3 amp)+L+P-amp + +K+ KOL 4 +K+ -KJ+P8$
2 lt ampNL+L KampNLR03 )lt )`K0$ ++K NLOPIP-ampL -OO ++ (amp3+ KOI0 +P ampP(RK O -OO amp )LP-+K + $5lt4 -+]P0$
27 ++ -JP +K IB amp)+L+PJ+ + -KJ+P3 +K IP KOPampO`K N+PO3 -OO Kamp JIHamp+LK +P(I ampP-$ 7L NLOPIP-ampL++K JO-L IP NO-O -OP +P(I NP NLJ+ +PJ+L + NL3 -+L- + OK amp+PJ+K KIN+LampOL+K$ gtP -ampO3 +P -KJ+PO3 +P(I ONJ IP NOKJIL IB NIPJamp(I B JO- + NL +P IP
NOKamp-amp^P `K -amp +PJLO3 +OK + OK amp+PJ+K KIN+LampOL+K$
6amp(Iamp+PO -OP K -OPKOPPJ+K B -OP OK KOPampOK MI+ ampZ+L+P -OP + -KJ+PO3 OL +K + O+PJO + ZLK+ +P K NL+K + -OPKOPPJ+K MI+NLOI-+P IP KOO KOPampOC OK (L)OK$
0- amp3)0- 0 2)- (01+-)- OK amp=0(3 KOP -OPIPJOK + OK +JLK -OPKOPPJ+K MI+ L+NL+K+PJPIPO O ampP-IKO HLampOK KOPampOK 4-OO NOL ++NO +4(2( K+`P03
(466( +J08$ 5ampRP K+ +POampPP 7$0( 351$($ F(IPOKJampRP +EampKJ+P +P -KJ+PO3 -OO -- 66 O ) B )$ AOP +KJOK PO J+PL`K NLO+ B -OP + L+KJO POJL`K MI+ NI++P NL+P+LK+ -OP )-ampamp$
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2224
20 Parte I Ortografiacutea del catalaacuten______________________________________
Ahora es el momento de ver coacutemo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-
laacuten con queacute letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-cias respecto al castellano (por cierto cuando digo castellano me reeroal espantildeol septentrional estaacutendar para ser maacutes concisos) En la tablasiguiente te explico detalladamente mediante ejemplos los modos depronunciacioacuten
Tabla 1-5 Pronunciacioacuten de las consonantes catalanas
Consonante Ejemplo Sonido
p b pa [paacute] tub [tuacutep] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
b v w beacute [beacute] cavall [cǝ-baacutell]wagneriagrave [bǝc-nǝ-ri-aacute]
Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
f far [faacuterr] farina [fǝ- riacute-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
t d terra [tegrave-rrǝ] sud [suacutet] Se pronuncia igual que encastellano
Figura 1-1El aparato
fonador
(cont)
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2324
$ $+H32 5D lt+4 7+4 B2
0++ 5C( 67=2=)E+)EG= +4 )=4=+=34 )+3++=+4 amp(
0)( -2+1 3$
2 9)H2A 1 85lt2ltB B2gt 62 lt43gtgtlt
)ampamp92ampA )4 9H-( I43B 9H4 3B7( 92BgtG=35 962BgtG= 35A( 92lt 962HltA( A25)9255A
1 85lt2ltB B2gt 62 lt43gtgtlt
amp 2 4 94A( 2Blt2 92BltK2A 1 85lt2ltB B2gt 62 lt43gtgtlt
gt gtlt3 9=EltA 1 85lt2ltB B2gt 62 lt
43gtgtlt B 9gtBA )Blt 9)B2
ltHgtA
C43 4 )Bamp5lt3$ B5gt 8gtBBElt amp25 ) gt
3+gt
7amp 77 7 9H5A( 7B2 95B2A 47794K55A
1 85lt2ltB B2gt 62 lt43gtgtlt
4amp )amp 44amp Iamp 4) 4lt 94GltA( )lt3 94JltA( =449=H4A ltIE 9lt4EA4)lt4 944Klt4A
0)4 434 =+BltBlt44 85lt2ltBlt = gt 4lt 43gtgtlt
4amp 4 9G-A( lt 9-EltA C43 4 )Bamp5lt3$ B5
gt 8gtBBElt amp25 ) gt 3+gt
-amp E- -B855 94B85JA( ampE- 9ampH4A
C43 4 )Bamp5lt3$ B5gt 8gtBBElt amp25 ) gt
3+gt
Bamp gt 9gtA( B 9 GA C43 4 )Bamp5lt3$ B5gt 8gtBBElt amp25 ) gt
3+gt
gtP NampKJ P_+LO 1 4NLamp+L3 K+(IP B J+L-+L NLJ+83 + IampO MI+-ONQ ampLO 5((62 0(-( 3)448+ 4 +P-OPJLL`K +P N`(ampP G+ ((()ampamp$+) 8 NI++K OL JOOK OK KOPampOK -OPKOP`PJamp-OK +)+JO -J`P$
K -KampK MI+ J+ + L-O -OO Y[gtKJO B +K amp)+L+PJ+U L+MIamp+L+P IP+ENamp--amp^P `K +EJ+PK3 NOLMI+ KOP KOPampOK MI+ PO +EampKJ+P +P -KJ+POC
29 + ]03 9O- X-0$ ++K NLOPIP-ampLO -OO 7 + 6(8 O634 +P ampP(RK O -OO 93$0 +P )LP-RK$
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
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2 ) -O -X3 )OP ^P$ ++K NLOPIP-ampL amp(I MI+ $ +)$03 ampLOI0 O + + -3lt$ +P ampP(RK O + + 03$ +P )LP-RK$ 6+
JLJ + )OK +K+ KOPOL3 MI+ K+ NLOI-+ -OP HampL-amp^P + K-I+LK HO-+K3 amp)+L+P-amp + +K+ KOL 4 +K+ -KJ+P8$
2 lt ampNL+L KampNLR03 )lt )`K0$ ++K NLOPIP-ampL -OO ++ (amp3+ KOI0 +P ampP(RK O -OO amp )LP-+K + $5lt4 -+]P0$
27 ++ -JP +K IB amp)+L+PJ+ + -KJ+P3 +K IP KOPampO`K N+PO3 -OO Kamp JIHamp+LK +P(I ampP-$ 7L NLOPIP-ampL++K JO-L IP NO-O -OP +P(I NP NLJ+ +PJ+L + NL3 -+L- + OK amp+PJ+K KIN+LampOL+K$ gtP -ampO3 +P -KJ+PO3 +P(I ONJ IP NOKJIL IB NIPJamp(I B JO- + NL +P IP
NOKamp-amp^P `K -amp +PJLO3 +OK + OK amp+PJ+K KIN+LampOL+K$
6amp(Iamp+PO -OP K -OPKOPPJ+K B -OP OK KOPampOK MI+ ampZ+L+P -OP + -KJ+PO3 OL +K + O+PJO + ZLK+ +P K NL+K + -OPKOPPJ+K MI+NLOI-+P IP KOO KOPampOC OK (L)OK$
0- amp3)0- 0 2)- (01+-)- OK amp=0(3 KOP -OPIPJOK + OK +JLK -OPKOPPJ+K MI+ L+NL+K+PJPIPO O ampP-IKO HLampOK KOPampOK 4-OO NOL ++NO +4(2( K+`P03
(466( +J08$ 5ampRP K+ +POampPP 7$0( 351$($ F(IPOKJampRP +EampKJ+P +P -KJ+PO3 -OO -- 66 O ) B )$ AOP +KJOK PO J+PL`K NLO+ B -OP + L+KJO POJL`K MI+ NI++P NL+P+LK+ -OP )-ampamp$
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2324
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0++ 5C( 67=2=)E+)EG= +4 )=4=+=34 )+3++=+4 amp(
0)( -2+1 3$
2 9)H2A 1 85lt2ltB B2gt 62 lt43gtgtlt
)ampamp92ampA )4 9H-( I43B 9H4 3B7( 92BgtG=35 962BgtG= 35A( 92lt 962HltA( A25)9255A
1 85lt2ltB B2gt 62 lt43gtgtlt
amp 2 4 94A( 2Blt2 92BltK2A 1 85lt2ltB B2gt 62 lt43gtgtlt
gt gtlt3 9=EltA 1 85lt2ltB B2gt 62 lt
43gtgtlt B 9gtBA )Blt 9)B2
ltHgtA
C43 4 )Bamp5lt3$ B5gt 8gtBBElt amp25 ) gt
3+gt
7amp 77 7 9H5A( 7B2 95B2A 47794K55A
1 85lt2ltB B2gt 62 lt43gtgtlt
4amp )amp 44amp Iamp 4) 4lt 94GltA( )lt3 94JltA( =449=H4A ltIE 9lt4EA4)lt4 944Klt4A
0)4 434 =+BltBlt44 85lt2ltBlt = gt 4lt 43gtgtlt
4amp 4 9G-A( lt 9-EltA C43 4 )Bamp5lt3$ B5
gt 8gtBBElt amp25 ) gt 3+gt
-amp E- -B855 94B85JA( ampE- 9ampH4A
C43 4 )Bamp5lt3$ B5gt 8gtBBElt amp25 ) gt
3+gt
Bamp gt 9gtA( B 9 GA C43 4 )Bamp5lt3$ B5gt 8gtBBElt amp25 ) gt
3+gt
gtP NampKJ P_+LO 1 4NLamp+L3 K+(IP B J+L-+L NLJ+83 + IampO MI+-ONQ ampLO 5((62 0(-( 3)448+ 4 +P-OPJLL`K +P N`(ampP G+ ((()ampamp$+) 8 NI++K OL JOOK OK KOPampOK -OPKOP`PJamp-OK +)+JO -J`P$
K -KampK MI+ J+ + L-O -OO Y[gtKJO B +K amp)+L+PJ+U L+MIamp+L+P IP+ENamp--amp^P `K +EJ+PK3 NOLMI+ KOP KOPampOK MI+ PO +EampKJ+P +P -KJ+POC
29 + ]03 9O- X-0$ ++K NLOPIP-ampLO -OO 7 + 6(8 O634 +P ampP(RK O -OO 93$0 +P )LP-RK$
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7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2424
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JLJ + )OK +K+ KOPOL3 MI+ K+ NLOI-+ -OP HampL-amp^P + K-I+LK HO-+K3 amp)+L+P-amp + +K+ KOL 4 +K+ -KJ+P8$
2 lt ampNL+L KampNLR03 )lt )`K0$ ++K NLOPIP-ampL -OO ++ (amp3+ KOI0 +P ampP(RK O -OO amp )LP-+K + $5lt4 -+]P0$
27 ++ -JP +K IB amp)+L+PJ+ + -KJ+P3 +K IP KOPampO`K N+PO3 -OO Kamp JIHamp+LK +P(I ampP-$ 7L NLOPIP-ampL++K JO-L IP NO-O -OP +P(I NP NLJ+ +PJ+L + NL3 -+L- + OK amp+PJ+K KIN+LampOL+K$ gtP -ampO3 +P -KJ+PO3 +P(I ONJ IP NOKJIL IB NIPJamp(I B JO- + NL +P IP
NOKamp-amp^P `K -amp +PJLO3 +OK + OK amp+PJ+K KIN+LampOL+K$
6amp(Iamp+PO -OP K -OPKOPPJ+K B -OP OK KOPampOK MI+ ampZ+L+P -OP + -KJ+PO3 OL +K + O+PJO + ZLK+ +P K NL+K + -OPKOPPJ+K MI+NLOI-+P IP KOO KOPampOC OK (L)OK$
0- amp3)0- 0 2)- (01+-)- OK amp=0(3 KOP -OPIPJOK + OK +JLK -OPKOPPJ+K MI+ L+NL+K+PJPIPO O ampP-IKO HLampOK KOPampOK 4-OO NOL ++NO +4(2( K+`P03
(466( +J08$ 5ampRP K+ +POampPP 7$0( 351$($ F(IPOKJampRP +EampKJ+P +P -KJ+PO3 -OO -- 66 O ) B )$ AOP +KJOK PO J+PL`K NLO+ B -OP + L+KJO POJL`K MI+ NI++P NL+P+LK+ -OP )-ampamp$
7212019 Ortografia_y_gramatica_catalanas_DUMMIESpdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullortografiaygramaticacatalanasdummiespdf 2424
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2 ) -O -X3 )OP ^P$ ++K NLOPIP-ampL amp(I MI+ $ +)$03 ampLOI0 O + + -3lt$ +P ampP(RK O + + 03$ +P )LP-RK$ 6+
JLJ + )OK +K+ KOPOL3 MI+ K+ NLOI-+ -OP HampL-amp^P + K-I+LK HO-+K3 amp)+L+P-amp + +K+ KOL 4 +K+ -KJ+P8$
2 lt ampNL+L KampNLR03 )lt )`K0$ ++K NLOPIP-ampL -OO ++ (amp3+ KOI0 +P ampP(RK O -OO amp )LP-+K + $5lt4 -+]P0$
27 ++ -JP +K IB amp)+L+PJ+ + -KJ+P3 +K IP KOPampO`K N+PO3 -OO Kamp JIHamp+LK +P(I ampP-$ 7L NLOPIP-ampL++K JO-L IP NO-O -OP +P(I NP NLJ+ +PJ+L + NL3 -+L- + OK amp+PJ+K KIN+LampOL+K$ gtP -ampO3 +P -KJ+PO3 +P(I ONJ IP NOKJIL IB NIPJamp(I B JO- + NL +P IP
NOKamp-amp^P `K -amp +PJLO3 +OK + OK amp+PJ+K KIN+LampOL+K$
6amp(Iamp+PO -OP K -OPKOPPJ+K B -OP OK KOPampOK MI+ ampZ+L+P -OP + -KJ+PO3 OL +K + O+PJO + ZLK+ +P K NL+K + -OPKOPPJ+K MI+NLOI-+P IP KOO KOPampOC OK (L)OK$
0- amp3)0- 0 2)- (01+-)- OK amp=0(3 KOP -OPIPJOK + OK +JLK -OPKOPPJ+K MI+ L+NL+K+PJPIPO O ampP-IKO HLampOK KOPampOK 4-OO NOL ++NO +4(2( K+`P03
(466( +J08$ 5ampRP K+ +POampPP 7$0( 351$($ F(IPOKJampRP +EampKJ+P +P -KJ+PO3 -OO -- 66 O ) B )$ AOP +KJOK PO J+PL`K NLO+ B -OP + L+KJO POJL`K MI+ NI++P NL+P+LK+ -OP )-ampamp$
