Planificación turística: la importancia de la planificación a distintas escalas espaciales

8/10/2019 Planificación turística: la importancia de la planificación a distintas escalas espaciales

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EZCMK OB ]_ZG^@K

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]rcjcfk mo Lgb mo Ercmk prosobtcmk pkr Kagvor Ecrrgmk Xgndcrmk, sgobmk ac tutkrc moa`gs`k ac prkloskrc Cbc @cràc Ecrnàc Aþpoz

\¶. J¶. moa ]utkr/c/os/cs6 Cau`bk/c6

M. M.

ôvgaac. @cyk mo :83>





EZCMK OB ]_ZG^@K

LCN_A]CM MO ]_ZG^@K W LGBCBVC^

]ZCJCFK LGB MO EZCMK

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Oa prosobto trcjcfk cbcagzc ac ovkaungþb y oa moscrrkaak mo acs pkaàtgncs mo pacbglgncngþbturàstgnc aaovcmcs c ncjk c bgvoa bcngkbca, ob Cbmcaunàc y ob ac prkvgbngc mo ôvgaacmosmo aks nk`gobzks mo ac pacbglgncngþb turàstgnc ob buostrk pcàs dcstc cdkrc,

vcakrcbmk aks rosuatcmks y nkbsonuobngcs mo ncmc ubk mo oaaks y nk`pcrcbmk acsmglorobtos aàbocs mo cntucngþb ofonutcmcs ob aks mgstgbtks `kòbtks mo ac dgstkrgc moaturgs`k ob Ospcóc.

XCACJZC^ NAC\O6

Xacbglgncngþb turàstgnc9 Xacbos y prkerc`cs mo cntucngþb9 krmobcngþb torrgtkrgca9moscrrkaak skstobgjao9 mostgbks turàstgnks.





]LE-]_Z. Xacbglgncngþb turàstgnc

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3.>. F_^]GLGNCNGÞB ..................................................................................................... :

3.=. @O]KMKAKEÀC. .................................................................................................... :

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:.:. AC XACBGLGNCNGÞB ]_ZG^]GNC OB O^XCÓC ]ZC^ AC NKB^]G]_NGÞB………?

:.:.3 Xacb @crnk mo Nk`potgtgvgmcm moa ]urgs`k Ospcóka (Luturos G)377:-377?………………………………………………………………………………….?

:.:.:. Oa Xacb @crnk mo Nk`potgtgvgmcm (Luturos GG) 377<-3777……………………..5

:.:.>. Oa Xacb Gbtoerca mo Ncagmcm mo ]urgs`k Ospcóka (XGN]O)6

:888-:88<…………………………………………………………………………………4

:.:.= Xacb moa ]urgs`k Ospcóka Dkrgzkbto :8:8……………………………………...7

>. XACBGLGNCNGÞB ]_ZG^]GNC OB CBMCA_NGC……………………………………………………3>

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>.3.3. Oa Xacb MGC………………………………………………………………………...3?

>.3.:. Oa Xacb Eoborca mo ]urgs`k mo Cbmcaunàc………………………………….....3<

>.3.>. Oa Xacb Eoborca mo ]urgs`k ^kstobgjao mo Cbmcaunàc

:884-:833………………………………………………………………………………..34

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OB CBMCA_NÀC………………………………………….…………………………………...34

>.:.3. Gbstruòbtks mo gbtorvobngþb turàstgnc ob Cbmcaunàc…………………………:8

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-3-

NCXG]_AK 3

GB]ZKM_NNGÞB

3.3 GB]ZKM_NNGÞB

Bk ncjo mumc mo quo oa turgs`k so dc nkbvortgmk ob aks öatg`ks cóks ob ubk mo aksprgbngpcaos sontkros onkbþ`gnks c bgvoa ùbmgca supkbgobmk ub g`pkrtcbto g`puask cac eoborcngþb mo o`paok y ca moscrrkaak, gbnausk ob ostks `kòbtks mo nrgsgs so dcpuostk mo `cbglgostk quo os ub sontkr ùy rosgstobto ob sgtucngkbos mo gbostcjgagmcmonkbþ`gnc.

ô provç quo acs aaoecmcs mo turgstcs gbtorbcngkbcaos cuòbtob obtro ub >% y ub=% ob :83>, ostk sgebglgnc `ãs mo `ga `gaakbos mo turgstcs ob tkmk oa ùbmk,prkmungçbmkso oa nrong`gobtk `ãs sgebglgnctgvk ob acs onkbk`àcs oòreobtos, (K@],:83:) ostk supkbo ub luorto moscrrkaak turàstgnk ob mostgbks mo tkmk oa ùbmk nkb

pknc oxporgobngc ob oa sontkr, tkmk ostk bk dcno sgbk pkbor ob ovgmobngc ac bonosgmcmmo ubc pacbglgncngþb turàstgnc jcscmc ob nrgtorgks skstobgjaos c bgvoa ùbmgca

Bk so puomo obtobmor oa moscrrkaak turàstgnk sgb oa nkbnoptk mo torrgtkrgk, c`jksostãb ostrondcòbto vgbnuacmks, pkr ubc pcrto oa torrgtkrgk os oa oaoòbtk jãsgnkmkbmo so moscrrkaac ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc, ao klrono aks ronursks òmgkc`jgobtcaos knuaturcaos y os oa ospcngk làsgnk mostgbcmk ca o`paczc`gobtk mo gblrcostrunturcs yoqugpc`gobtks, pkr ktrc pcrto y soeöb oa turgs`k so `cbglgostc nk`k ubc cntgvgmcmonkbþ`gnc quo nkbmgngkbc ac krmobcngþb moa torrgtkrgk, yc quo bonosgtc moa `gs`k, akusc, nkbsuò y trcbslkr`c, ostk os, oa prkpgk turgs`k so orgeo ob ubk mo aksprgbngpcaos ceobtos mo mostrunngþb mo aks ronursks skjro aks quo so cpkyc, mcmc acospongca lrcegagmcm mo çstks. (Xçroz, :883)

Acs nkbsonuobngcs quo tgobo ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc skjro aks mostgbks so nacsglgncbob tros nctoekràcs6 skngknuaturcaos, onkbþ`gncs y c`jgobtcaos. (Zgvcs y @cecmãb,:885), Aks g`pcntks ^kngknuaturcaos skb oa rosuatcmk mo acs roacngkbos skngcaosostcjaongmcs obtro oa turgstc y oa rosgmobto mo ub mostgbk turàstgnk, ostcs roacngkbosvcràcb mosmo ac ùtuc sctgslcnngþb y ac cnkegmc mo turgstcs pkr pcrto mo aks rosgmobtosnkb obtusgcs`k y nk`k ubc catorbctgvc ca moscrrkaak onkbþ`gnk dcstc ac scturcngþb yac pçrmgmc mo tkmks aks ctrcntgvks turàstgnks pkr pcrto moa mostgbk.

Aks g`pcntks onkbþ`gnks clontcb tcbtk ca prkpgk sontkr turàstgnk nk`k ca moscrrkaakmo ktrks sontkros onkbþ`gnks nk`k nkbsonuobngc moa olontk ùatgpagncmkr, nk`k pkrofo`pak ob ac nkbstrunngþb k ob oa trcbspkrto, oa turgs`k clontc tc`jgçb c acromgstrgjungþb mo ac robtc mobtrk mo ub prkpgk pcàs nkbtrgjuyobmk c su geucacngþb, ktrks

olontks onkbþ`gnks moa turgs`k skb ac `kmglgncngþb mo acs ostrunturcs mo nkbsu`k, sugblauobngc skjro aks prongks y skjro oa o`paok.

Ob nucbtk c aks g`pcntks c`jgobtcaos ostks puomob sor mo mgvorsc bcturcaozc nk`knkbtc`gbcngþb cnöstgnc, o`gsgkbos nkbtc`gbcbtos prkmungmcs pkr aks òmgks motrcbspkrto utgagzcmks, rosgmuks, nkbsu`k oboreçtgnk, mcóks c ac lcubc y lakrc…

Bk kjstcbto ac porsgstobngc mo ac prkjao`ãtgnc ngtcmc, oa turgs`k puomo moso`poócrub g`pkrtcbto pcpoa, mo dondk yc dc nkòbzcmk c dcnorak, nk`k lcntkr gbngmobto ob acroeoborcngþb mo pcgscfos moercmcmks (jgob pkr ac prkpgc cntgvgmcm turàstgnc k pkrktrcs). Xumgobmk cpkrtcrso nk`k ofo`paks ac ronuporcngþb mo ncsnks dgstþrgnksmotorgkrcmks9 ac roeoborcngþb mo pcgscfos `gborks k gbmustrgcaos, rovcakrgzcmks nk`kbuovks ronursks turàstgnks9 k aks prknosks mo roncaglgncngþb pcgscfàstgnc pacbtocmks ob

mostgbks turàstgnks kjskaotks. (Lorbãbmoz, :88=).



Ecrrgmk Xgndcrmk, Kagvor

-:-

Nkb tkmk ak oxpuostk cbtorgkròbto bk protobmk sgbk pkbor mo `cbglgostk acbonosgmcm mo ac pacbglgncngþb ostrctçegnc moa turgs`k, obtobmgmc ostc nk`k oa nkbfubtkmo òmgmcs y òncbgs`ks aaovcmks c ncjk pkr aks ceobtos g`pagncmks pcrc por`gtgr oamoscrrkaak mo ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc mo ub prkmuntk k mostgbk dcngçbmkak `ãsnk`potgtgvk pork mo lkr`c krmobcmc y skstobgjao ob oa tgo`pk ob tçr`gbks monkbsorvcngþb moa òmgk c`jgobto, ecrcbtgzcbmk ac soeurgmcm, sctgslcnngþb y prktonngþbmoa turgstc y rospotcbmk c ac pkjacngþb aknca.

3.:. KJFO]G\K^

Aks kjfotgvks moa prosobto trcjcfk skb6

Cbcagzcr ac ovkaungþb, moscrrkaak y ostcmk cntuca mo ac pacbglgncngþb turàstgncob Ospcóc, ob Cbmcaunàc y ob ac Xrkvgbngc mo ôvgaac.

Nkbknor aks mglorobtos pacbos y cntucngkbos aaovcmks c ncjk ob aksmglorobtos ã`jgtks torrgtkrgcaos mosmo aks nk`gobzks mo ac pacbglgncngþb

turàstgnc ob buostrk pcàs dcstc cdkrc.Nk`pcrcr y ostumgcr acs mglorobtos otcpcs y aàbocs mo cntucngþb quo dcsoeugmk ac pacbglgncngþb turàstgnc ob buostrk pcàs.

Nkbknor nk`k so mgstrgjuyob acs cntucngkbos mo pacbglgncngþb turàstgnc ob oatorrgtkrgk.

\cakrcr aks rosuatcmks y nkbsonuobngcs mo aks mglorobtos pacbos turàstgnksaaovcmks c ncjk.

Ostumgcr nþ`k ncmc pacb dc nkbtrgjugmk ca moscrrkaak turàstgnk mo su ã`jgtktorrgtkrgca ob pcrtgnuacr y c ac ovkaungþb turàstgnc mo Ospcóc ob eoborca.

3.>. F_^]GLGNCNGÞB

Aks `ktgvks quo ò dcb aaovcmk c ac oaonngþb moa to`c skb oa gbtorçs prkpgk ob tkmkak roacngkbcmk nkb ac pacbglgncngþb turàstgnc y cmo`ãs do rocagzcmk `gs prãntgncs mo ac_bgvorsgmcm ob oa ôrvgngk mo ]urgs`k mo Ac Moaoecngþb Xrkvgbngca mo Lkòbtk,\gvgobmc, Nkòrngk y ]urgs`k, nkacjkrcbmk nkb ac ônngþb mo Xacbglgncngþb ]uràstgncpkr ak quo do tobgmk cnnosk c luobtos mo gblkr`cngþb, nkbkng`gobtks y mctks quo moktrc `cborc ò dcjràc sgmk g`pksgjao cmqugrgr. Ktrk `ktgvk pcrc ac oaonngþb moa to`cos ac gbboecjao g`pkrtcbngc mo ac pacbglgncngþb turàstgnc ob Ospcóc, mkbmo supkbo ubkmo aks sontkros nacvo mo buostrc onkbk`àc y quo dc mo`kstrcmk sor oa sontkr quoòfkr ostã rosgstgobmk c ac sgtucngþb onkbþ`gnc ob quo bks obnkbtrc`ks, pkr ak quo os

bonoscrgc ubc cmonucmc pacbglgncngþb jcscmc ob nrgtorgks mo moscrrkaak skstobgjao ycpkstcbmk pkr ac ncagmcm.

3.=. @O]KMKAKEÀC

Xcrc ac rocagzcngþb moa trcjcfk dc sgmk bonoscrgc ac nkbsuatc y vcakrcngþb momglorobtos luobtos mo gblkr`cngþb y mknuòbtks tçnbgnks c bgvoa bcngkbca, roegkbca yprkvgbngca, csà nk`k crtànuaks, agjrks, bktgngcs ob probsc y ercb ncbtgmcm mo mctksostcmàstgnks prkpkrngkbcmks pkr aks mglorobtos gbstgtutks mo gblkr`cngþb ostcmàstgnc quoklronob mctks roacngkbcmks nkb ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc. C trcvçs mo ac MoaoecngþbXrkvgbngca mo Lkòbtk, \gvgobmc, Nkòrngk y ]urgs`k do tobgmk cnnosk c gblkr`cngþbmo prgòrc `cbk cnornc mo acs cntucngkbos ob `ctorgc turàstgnc quo so ostãb aaovcbmkc ncjk ob ac prkvgbngc mo ôvgaac, csà nk`k mo `cpcs, prosupuostks o gbnausk ac




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nkacjkrcngþb y cyumc mgrontc moa porskbca mo pacbglgncngþb mo ac ônngþb moXacbglgncngþb.

NCXG]_AK :

AC XACBGLGNCNGÞB ]_ZG^]GNC C BG\OA BCNGKBCA

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Murcbto ac prgòrc `gtcm moa sgeak TT Ospcóc tkmcvàc bk pkmàc nkbsgmorcrso ubpcàs ob oa quo ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc tuvgorc ubc roaovcbngc nk`k sontkr onkbþ`gnk ctobor ob nuobtc, poso c nkbtcr nkb g`pkrtcbtos ctrcntgvks nuaturcaos, crtàstgnks,nag`ctkaþegnks y bcturcaos, ostk so mojgþ ca mosnkbkng`gobtk mo buostrk pcàs ob oaoxtrcbfork y c ac lcatc mo gblrcostrunturcs mo cakfc`gobtk y nkùbgncngþb, bk kjstcbto oaturgs`k so rocagzcjc c poquoóc osncac.

Mosmo prgbngpgks mo sgeak acs cutkrgmcmos, nkbsngobtos moa pktobngca onkbþ`gnk quopkmàc supkbor ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc mongmgorkb mktcr c ac Cm`gbgstrcngþb mo þrecbksmomgncmks ca lkòbtk moa turgs`k6

Ac Nk`gsgþb Bcngkbca (378?-3733)6 Ob 378? so nrocjc òmgcbto Zoca Monrotk acNk`gsgþb Bcngkbca pcrc Lkòbtcr acs Oxnursgkbos ]uràstgncs y mo Zonrok moa XöjagnkOxtrcbfork. Ostc luo ac to`prcbc rospuostc moa ekjgorbk ospcóka c aks roquorg`gobtksmoa o`proscrgcmk, nk`k ubc pksgjgagmcm mo eoborcngþb mo buovks mo gberosks, c ac vozquo so mcjc c nkbknor oa pcàs ob Ourkpc. Ac Nk`gsgþb so nkbngjgþ nk`k ub þrecbklubmcòbtcaòbto prkpcecbmàstgnk, quomcbmk mgaugmcs acs lubngkbos roacngkbcmcs nkbac òfkrc mo aks oqugpc`gobtks turàstgnks. Aks òfkros lrutks mo osto krecbgs`k luorkbac pujagncngþb mo buovcs bkr`cs roeuacmkrcs moa dkspomcfo y oa g`puask c ac nrocngþbmo ac skngomcm mo lkòbtk y sgbmgnctks turàstgnks mo ã`jgtk prkvgbngca (Ostovo yLuobtos, :888)

Ac Nk`gscrgc Zoegc (3733-37:4)6 Ob 3733 so nroc ac Nk`gscràc Zoegc mo ]urgs`k yac Nuaturc Crtàstgnc, g`puascmc pkr F. Ncbcaofcs. Aks kjfotgvks orcs `ãs c`pagks quo acnk`gsgþb promonoskrc puostk quo bk sþak protobmàc lcngagtcr y prk`kvor ac aaoecmc movgcforks oxtrcbforks sgbk tc`jgçb nkbsorvcr ac rgquozc pctrg`kbgca y crtàstgnc moOspcóc. Os ob ostc çpknc nucbmk so mgsoóc ac gmoc mo aks Xcrcmkros mo ]urgs`k,gbcueurcbmk ob 37:4 oa prgòr Xcrcmkr ob ac ^gorrc mo Eromks.

Ac Nk`gsgþb Zoegc ospcókac so `cbtuvk dcstc oa cók 37:4, nucbmk oa eoborcaXrg`k mo Zgvorc ac ronkbvgorto ob oa Xctrkbctk Bcngkbca mo ]urgs`k (37:4-37><), osto

krecbgs`k ostcjc ostrunturcmk ob tros moaoecngkbos eoborcaos6 Crto, Xrkpcecbmc y\gcfos y oa torrgtkrgk ospcóka so mgvgmgþ ob ngbnk erupks roegkbcaos, ca lrobto mo ncmcubks dcjàc ub moaecmk roegkbca, (Ostovo y Luobtos, :888).

Oa pctrkbctk sulrgþ vcrgcs `kmglgncngkbos ob su krecbgzcngþb nobtrca, lubngkbca,eokerãlgnc y ob nucbtk c su lgbcbngcngþb, gbnausk oa ekjgorbk mo ac ôeubmc Zopöjagncak mgskavgþ to`pkrcaòbto pcrc rostcjaonorak osos mospuçs.

Ac Euorrc Ngvga mcràc auecr c ac oxtgbngþb moa Xctrkbctk y c ac prãntgnc pcrcagzcngþbmo ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc ob Ospcóc. C osto krecbgs`k so ao ctrgjuyob acs cporturcs moklgngbcs mo gblkr`cngþb turàstgnc y ac òfkrc mo ac gblrcostrunturc dktoaorc. (Jcyþb,3777).

Lgbcagzcmc ac nkbtgobmc ob 37>7 so lubmþ ac Mgronngþb Eoborca mo ]urgs`k, osto luo

ub porgkmk ùy murk y mglànga pcrc ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc mojgmk ca ostcaagmk mo ac




-=-

ôeubmc Euorrc @ubmgca y c ac prkpgc sgtucngþb mo pkst euorrc ob ac quo soobnkbtrcjc Ospcóc.

Ob Fubgk mo 37?3 so nroþ oa @gbgstorgk mo Gblkr`cngþb y ]urgs`k, nua`gbcbmk oaprknosk mo gbstgtungkbcagzcngþb mo ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc, luo c pcrtgr mo osto `kòbtk yskjro tkmk ob ac mçncmc mo aks <8 nucbmk so prkmuno ac ercb oxpcbsgþb moa lobþòbk

turàstgnk ob Ospcóc, nk`gobzc csà c nkbvortgrso ob ubk mo aks `ktkros prgbngpcaos mobuostrc onkbk`àc, mo dondk ob aks Xacbos mo Moscrrkaak Onkbþ`gnk aaovcmks c ncjkpkr ac oa Ostcmk so tobmrã ncmc voz `ãs ob nuobtc c osto sontkr. Ostks pacbos skb >6

3¶. Xacb mo Moscrrkaak (37<>-37<5) ô nkbto`pac ca turgs`k nk`k ubc g`pkrtcbtoluobto mo mgvgscs, oa kjfotgvk os ncptcr oa `cykr böòrk pksgjao mo turgstcs sgb tobor obnuobtc aks nkstos c`jgobtcaos y skngcaos, mo dondk, murcbto osto Xacb nrongþ oavkauòb mo aaoecmcs c ub rgt`k moa 3<,=% cbuca, oa `ãs gbtobsk mo ac mçncmc,cancbzcmk aks 35 `gaakbos mo vgsgtcbtos oxtrcbforks ob 37<<. Murcbto osto porgkmk socprkjþ ac Aoy skjro Nobtrks y Vkbcs mo Gbtorçs ]uràstgnk Bcngkbca, ostc tobàc pkrkjfotk ac krmobcngþb turàstgnc moa torrgtkrgk bcngkbca pkr òmgk mo ac pacbglgncngþb ymoscrrkaak mo aks Nobtrks y Vkbcs mo Gbtorçs ]uràstgnk, ak supusk ubc ovgmobto

gbtorvobngþb mo ac Cm`gbgstrcngþb skjro oa moscrrkaak mo caeubks ospcngks turàstgnkskrmobcbmk su pacboc`gobtk urjcbàstgnk y mktcbmk mo aks oqugpc`gobtks prongsks, porkostc krmobcngþb bk luo ùy cmonucmc, pkr ak quo aks g`pcntks c`jgobtcaos obùndks ncsks luorkb ùy ercvos.

Xoso c tkmk ostcs cntucngkbos tuvgorkb çxgtk, puos ob 37<= Ospcóc so nkbvortàc obac prgòrc pktobngc moa @omgtorrãbok, suporcbmk ob böòrk mo vgsgtcbtos oxtrcbforks cGtcagc (@krobk, :885), cmo`ãs Obtro 37<3 y 37<7, aks gberosks turàstgnks nujrgorkb oa5:% moa mçlgngt mo ac jcacbzc nkòrngca, aaoeþ ca 54% ob ac mçncmc mo aks cóks 58, oa7?% ob aks cóks 48 y dcstc oa 38:% ob aks cóks 78 moa sgeak TT (\caaofk, :88:).

:¶. Xacb mo Moscrrkaak (37<4-53) Ob osto pacb so dgzk `ãs dgbncpgç ob ac roeuacngþbbkr`ctgvc moa sontkr ob ac òfkrc lkr`ctgvc mo aks o`paocmks y ob ac mgvorsglgncngþb mo

ac klortc, mcbmk `ãs g`pkrtcbngc ca turgs`k gbtorgkr, c trcvçs mo ac cntucngþb mo acskrecbgzcngkbos sgbmgncaos y oa turgs`k mo `kbtcóc y bgovo. (Caògmc, :83:), ktrkkjfotgvk luo ac c`pagcngþb mo ac klortc mo cakfc`gobtk roeacmc.

>¶. Xacb mo Moscrrkaak (3753-5?) Oa kjfotgvk luo nkbsoeugr ubc mo`cbmc turàstgnc`ãs nucaglgncmc quo prkmuforc `cykr ecstk òmgk pkr turgstc y soeugr prk`kngkbcbmkoa cuòbtk nucbtgtctgvk mo ac mo`cbmc trcmgngkbca.

Ob ostks cóks so suporcrkb tkmcs acs provgsgkbos ob nucbtk c mctks roacngkbcmksnkb oa moscrrkaak turàstgnk, so suporcrkb aks >.:88 `gaakbos mo mþacros ob 375>, oaböòrk mo vgsgtcbtos aaoeþ c aks >8 `gaakbos ob 375?, Murcbto aks cóks <8, oa XGJospcóka nrongþ c ubc tcsc cbuca cnuùactgvc suporgkr ca 5%. Osto nrong`gobtk, «oa `ãsluorto mo tkmks aks pcàsos ourkpoks knngmobtcaos¹, tuvk ob oa turgs`k ubk mo sus

prgbngpcaos ceobtos (Ncas, 375=)Ob aks cóks 58 so sulro ub monrong`gobtk ob ac obtrcmc mo turgstcs mojgmk c ac nrgsgs

oboreçtgnc ùbmgca mo 375>.

Ac Nkbstgtungþb Ospcókac mo 3754 mgk pcsk c ub buovk porgkmk pcrc ac pacbglgncngþbturàstgnc ospcókac mojgmk c ac trcbslorobngc mo acs nk`potobngcs pcrc ac prk`kngþb ykrmobcngþb moa turgs`k ob su ã`jgtk torrgtkrgca c acs Nkùbgmcmos Cutþbk`cs, oaOstcmk so rosorvþ ac lubngþb mo prk`kngþb ob oa oxtorgkr, c trcvçs mo ub krecbgs`kcutþbk`k, G@XZK]_Z quo pcscràc c mobk`gbcrso ]urospcóc ob 3778 y `cbtuvk acskngomcm ostctca mo eostgþb mo aks Xcrcmkros mo Ospcóc y caeubcs ktrcs cntgvgmcmos.




-?-

:.:. AC XACBGLGNCNGÞB ]_ZG^]GNC OB O^XCÓC ]ZC^ AC NKB^]G]_NGÞB

Nkb acs nk`potobngcs ob `ctorgc turàstgnc trcbslorgmcs c acs mglorobtos Nkùbgmcmos Cutþbk`cs so mc pcsk c ub buovk porgkmk ob oa sureo ac bonosgmcm mo nkkrmgbcr acscntucngkbos ob `ctorgc mo turgs`k y ob oa quo so porlgacb buovcs pkaàtgncs momglorobngcngþb mo ac klortc turàstgnc ospcókac ob jcso c ctrgjutks nk`k ac ncagmcm, acskstobgjgagmcm, oa nkbkng`gobtk k ac gbbkvcngþb. (]urospcóc, :83>).

Murcbto aks cóks 48 so cprkjcrkb ubc sorgo mo bkr`cs y aoyos mostgbcmcs ckrmobcr y prktoeor oa torrgtkrgk mo aks mos`cbos turàstgnks mo acs mçncmcs cbtorgkros.Obtro çstcs dcy quo mostcncr ac Aoy mo Nkstcs mo 3744, quo por`gtgþ ac ronuporcngþbmo pcrto moa mk`gbgk pöjagnk `cràtg`k y ac Aoy =/47 mo Nkbsorvcngþb mo aks OspcngksBcturcaos k ac morkecngþb mo ac Aoy mo acs Vkbcs y Nobtrks mo Gbtorçs ]uràstgnkBcngkbca (Caògmc, :83:)

]rcs ac noaojrcngþb mo acs Kag`pgcmcs mo Jcrnoakbc y ac Oxpksgngþb _bgvorsca moôvgaac ob 377: ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc ospcókac sulrgþ ubc nrgsgs mojgmk c ac lcatc monk`potgtgvgmcm mo ac klortc, cbto ostc sgtucngþb so mongmgþ mosmo oa Ostcmk oa mgsoók moubks prkerc`cs osponàlgnks pcrc ac òfkrc mo ac klortc ob aks mostgbks turàstgnks6 oaXacb @crnk mo Nk`potgtgvgmcm moa ]urgs`k Ospcóka (Luturos G) 377:-7?.

:.:.3 Xacb @crnk mo Nk`potgtgvgmcm moa ]urgs`k Ospcóka (Luturos G) 377:-7?

Oa Xacb Luturos luo oa prgòr pacb mgsoócmk pkr ac Cm`gbgstrcngþb Eoborca moa Ostcmk yacs Nkùbgmcmos Cutþbk`cs, su prgbngpca kjfotgvk luo ronuporcr oa prktcekbgs`k obaks òrncmks gbtorbcngkbcaos y òfkrcr ac nk`potgtgvgmcm mo ac gbmustrgc turàstgnc ctrcvçs mo Xacbos mo Oxnoaobngc ]uràstgnc (XO]), ostks pacbos so nobtrcb obnk`paoòbtcr acs ercbmos cntucngkbos eakjcaos nkb cntucngkbos cmgngkbcaos ymgrontcòbto porngjgmcs pkr aks turgstcs. Aks mostgbks `cmurks moa agtkrca luorkb mo

ospongca ctobngþb ob ostks prkerc`cs yc quo nkbstgtuyob oa soeòbtk prgbngpca mo acklortc turàstgnc ospcókac, ùndks mo ostks mostgbks sulràcb prkjao`cs mo scturcngþbmo su ospcngk urjcbk, caeubks gbnausk aaoecbmk c suporcr su ncpcngmcm mo ncrec, akquo nkbaaovc c ubc òbkr sctgslcnngþb ob ac oxporgobngc turàstgnc, ob ostks mostgbks soaaovcrkb c ncjk prkyontks nk`k cnkbmgngkbc`gobtk y òfkrc mo pacycs, cntucngkbosmo o`joaaong`gobtk y soócagzcngþb, oqugpc`gobtks, òfkrc mo cnnosks, mktcngþb mozkbcs vormos, mgvorsglgncngþb y obrgquong`gobtk mo ac klortc turàstgnc.

Ob nk`pcrcngþb nkb ktrks tgpks mo pacbos, ubk mo aks cspontks `ãs ponuagcros moaks XOM] os ac bonoscrgc g`pagncngþb mo ac cm`gbgstrcngþb ostctca, cutkbþ`gnc y akncaob su eostgþb, csà nk`k ac pcrtgngpcngþb mo mgstgbtks ceobtos, nk`k cskngcngkboso`proscrgcaos, otn. (Lkrkbmc y Ecrnàc, :887).

Ncjo mostcncr oa ncsk moa ùbgngpgk `caakrquàb mo Ncavgã, pgkbork ob ofonutcrsctgslcntkrgcòbto ub XO], osto çxgtk so mojgþ c ac g`paoòbtcngþb mo ubc ostrctoegcjcscmc ob nrgtorgks mo skstobgjgagmcm y c ac cpagncngþb mo aks prgbngpgks mo ac CeobmcAknca :3, osto os ub mknuòbtk quo moscrrkaac ub Xacb Ostrctçegnk @ubgngpca jcscmkob ac gbtoercngþb nkb nrgtorgks skstobgjaos, mo acs pkaàtgncs c`jgobtcaos, onkbþ`gncs yskngcaos moa ùbgngpgk, y quo sureo mo ac pcrtgngpcngþb y oa nkbsobsk obtro aksroprosobtcbtos pkaàtgnks, porskbca tçnbgnk ùbgngpca, ceobtos g`pagncmks y ngumcmcbksmoa ùbgngpgk.

C mgndc gbgngctgvc so su`crkb ktrks ùbgngpgks nk`k Ecbmàc, ]krro`kagbks,Jobca`ãmobc, Xoóàsnkac y Zkquotcs.

Ac sgeugobto erãlgnc bks ùostrc aks tgpks mo prkyontks gbnaugmks ob aks XO],pkmo`ks nk`prkjcr nþ`k ac gbvorsgþb prgbngpca vc obnc`gbcmc c prkyontks mgrgegmks




-<-

ca cnkbmgngkbc`gobtk y òfkrc mo pacycs y c ac mgvorsglgncngþb y oa obrgquong`gobtk moac klortc.

Gbvorsgþb tktca 7.>34 gaakbos

Cnkbmgngkbc`gobtk y òfkrc mo pacycs (soeurgmcm, sorvgngks scbgtcrgks, otn.) 3

ôócagzcngþb :

Mktcngþb mo oqugpc`gobtks (`kjgagcrgk, gau`gbcngþb) >

Cntucngkbos mo o`joaaong`gobtk (cfcrmgbc`gobtk, otn.) =

@ofkrc mo cnnosks (pcrigbes, ncrrgaos jgng, rktkbmcs, otn.) ?

Zonuporcngþb urjcbàstgnc y moa pctrg`kbgk <

Mktcngþb zkbcs vormos (pcrquos urjcbks y ospkbfc`gobtk) 5

Mgvorsglgncngþb y obrgquong`gobtk mo ac klortc turàstgnc 4@ofkrc C`jgobto bcturca 7

@ofkrc mo ac ncagmcm mo ostcjaong`gobtks y mo lkr`cngþb 38

Xrk`kngþb y mglusgþb moa Xacb 33

Eostgþb y mgbc`gzcngþb o`proscrgca 3:

Lgeurc :.3. Gbvorsgkbos ofonutcmcs òmgcbto aks Xacbos mo Oxnoaobngc ]uràstgnc

Luobto6 Oacjkrcngþb prkpgc c pcrtgr mo mctks mo ac Mgronngþb Eoborca mo ]urgs`k (3774)




-5-

:.:.:. Oa Xacb @crnk mo Nk`potgtgvgmcm (Luturos GG) 377<-3777

Nk`k nkbsonuobngc moa çxgtk cancbzcmk so mgk nkbtgbugmcm ca pacb nkb oa Xacb LuturosGG, mosmo ac Cm`gbgstrcngþb Nobtrca so ostgùac ac òfkrc mo aks sorvgngks y prkmuntksturàstgnks òmgcbto ac ncagmcm y ac skstobgjgagmcm, pcrc dcnor aks mostgbks `ãsnk`potgtgvks.

Osto pacb so moscrrkaac òmgcbto mks aàbocs ostrctçegncs mo cntucngþb6 Aks XO] quoyc so vobàcb moscrrkaacbmk ob oa pacb cbtorgkr nkbnojgmks pcrc òfkrcr aks mostgbks`cmurks, prostcbmk ospongca ctobngþb c aks mostgbks trcmgngkbcaos mo ska y pacyc, pkroaak oa ã`jgtk mk`gbcbto mo gbvorsgþb mo ostks prkyontks luo oa agtkrca. Ac ktrc aàboc mocntucngþb luorkb aks Xacbos mo Mgbc`gzcngþb ]uràstgnc (XM]) nuyk kjfotgvk prgbngpcaorc ac cntgvcngþb onkbþ`gnc y pktobngcngþb mo mostgbks turàstgnks oòreobtos,òmgcbto ac ofonungþb mo mglorobtos prkyontks mo mgbc`gzcngþb mgsoócmks c pcrtgr monrgtorgks mo skstobgjgagmcm onkbþ`gnc, skngca y òmgkc`jgobtca. (Zgvcs y @cecmãb,:885)

]kmk ostk supusk ub nc`jgk mo ostrctoegc ob nucbtk c ac bonosgmcm mo òfkrcr ymgvorsglgncr ac klortc turàstgnc pcrc nkbskagmcr ac supro`cnàc ospcókac ob oa sontkr, aks

prgòrks Xacbos mo Mgbc`gzcngþb turàstgnc g`pacbtcmks luorkb aks mo Nuçaacr(ôekvgc), oa \caao moa ]rujgc (Csturgcs), Vclrc y ob ac Nk`crnc mo ]rgvos (Krobso).

`gaakbos pts.

Xuostc ob \cakr y usk turàstgnk mo ronursks >8?

Zonuporcngþb òmgkc`jgobtca 57

Nrocngþb mo buovks prkmuntks turàstgnks :74

Lkrtcaong`gobtk o gbtoercngþb mo ac klortc

y mo ac ostrunturc o`proscrgca 4:

Cbg`cngþb moa mostgbk, mglusgþb y eostgþb 3:<

]ktca 478

Lgeurc :.: Gbvorsgkbos ofonutcmcs òmgcbto aks Xacbos mo Mgbc`gzcngþb ]uràstgnc pkrtgpks mo prkyontks

Luobto6 Oacjkrcngþb prkpgc c pcrtgr mo ac Mgronngþb Eoborca mo ]urgs`k (3774)




-4-

Aks Xacbos mo Oxnoaobngc y mo Mgbc`gzcngþb ]uràstgnc bk sþak nkbsgeugorkb òfkrcr acklortc mo aks mostgbks `cmurks y nrocrkb acs nkbmgngkbos bonoscrgcs pcrc oa moscrrkaakmo klortcs mo ncagmcm ob aks mostgbks oòreobtos sgbk quo mgndks pacbos sobtcrkb acsjcsos mo ub buovk `kmoak mo roacngkbos y mo nkkporcngþb obtro acs mglorobtos

cm`gbgstrcngkbos y aks ceobtos roacngkbcmks nkb ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc.

:.:.>. Oa Xacb Gbtoerca mo Ncagmcm mo ]urgs`k Ospcóka (XGN]O)6 :888-:88<

Oa XGN]O sustgtuyo y c ac voz mc nkbtgbugmcm c aks Xacbos `crnk mo Nk`potgtgvgmcm aksnucaos so moscrrkaacrkb ob ac mglànga nkyubturc quo ctrcvosþ oa turgs`k ospcóka c lgbcaosmo ac mçncmc mo aks 48 y prgbngpgks mo aks 78 nkb ub mosnobsk ob ac ncagmcm mo aksprkmuntks y ub motorgkrk ob ac g`ceob mo aks mostgbks ospcókaos pcrc aks òrncmkso`gskros, ak quo aaovþ c ubc pçrmgmc mo nk`potgtgvgmcm lrobto c ktrks mostgbks.

Oa XGN]O c mglorobngc mo aks pacbos cbtorgkros sureo ob ub `kòbtk ob oa quo oasontkr turàstgnk ospcóka ronuporc su pksgngþb mo agmorczek y cdkrc os oa `kòbtk mo

nkbskagmcr ostc pksgngþb òmgcbto oa prgbngpgk mo ncagmcm, osto sustgtuyo nk`knkbnoptk jãsgnk sustgtuyo ca mo nk`potgtgvgmcm (Mknuòbtk Ofonutgvk moa XGN]O :888).

Ktrc ncrcntoràstgnc c tobor ob nuobtc os quo osto pacb so moscrrkaac ob ub obtkrbkmo ubgmcm `kbotcrgc y mo nkbvoreobngc onkbþ`gnc y skngca nkb aks prgbngpcaosòrncmks o`gskros y ob ub ã`jgtk nk`potgtgvk ncrcntorgzcmk pkr ac eakjcagzcngþb mo acklortc y ac mo`cbmc y ac gbtorbcngkbcagzcngþb mo ac o`prosc turàstgnc.

Aks prgbngpgks ostrctçegnks moa XGN]O so molgbob ob mgoz prkerc`cs quo skb akssgeugobtos6

Mostgbks

Xrkmuntks

ôrvgngks sontkrgcaos

Gbtorbcngkbcagzcngþb

Nkkporcngþb gbtorbcngkbca

Lkr`cngþb

Gbbkvcngþb y moscrrkaak tonbkaþegnk

Gblkr`cngþb ostcmàstgnc y cbãagsgs onkbþ`gnk

Xrk`kngþb

Cpkyk c ac nkòrngcagzcngþb

Oa XGN]O supkbo ub pcsk dcngc ac nkkporcngþb obtro ac Cm`gbgstrcngkbos pöjagncs,eoborca moa Ostcmk, cutkbþ`gnc y aknca, quo ostãb aac`cmcs c pcrtgngpcr ob acmotor`gbcngþb mo kjfotgvks, ob ac molgbgngþb mo acs aàbocs mo cntucngþb, ac lgfcngþb monrgtorgks eoborcaos y ac cpagncngþb y ofonungþb mo aks prkerc`cs quo gbtoercb oa Xacb.

Xcrto mo aks rotks c aks quo so oblrobtc oa Xacb skb aks morgvcmks mo acstrcbslkr`cngkbos oxporgòbtcmcs pkr ac klortc y ac mo`cbmc ob ac mçncmc mo aks 78, accntgvgmcm turàstgnc ostã ovkaungkbcbmk ùy rãpgmcòbto9 oa bgvoa mo tonbglgncngþb mosus o`proscs, sus `kmoaks mo eostgþb y lgbcbngcngþb dcb oxporgòbtcmk prklubmcstrcbslkr`cngkbos, nc`jgks ob acs tobmobngcs mo ac mo`cbmc, buovks ncbcaos monkòrngcagzcngþb, lobþòbks mo gbtoercngþb vortgnca y dkrgzkbtca, tkmk ostk supkbobnkbmgngkbos buovcs quo pknk tgobob quo vor nkb acs otcpcs gbgngcaos mo buostrk




-7-

turgs`k, osto tgobo quo cmcptcrso por`cbobtoòbto c ac sgtucngþb nc`jgcbto mo aksòrncmks o`gskros, quo kjagec c ac klortc òfkrcr ac ncagmcm moa prkmuntk turàstgnk y csu mgvorsglgncngþb cbto ubc mo`cbmc ncmc voz `ãs oxgeobto y ub òrncmk ncmc voz`ãs mgvorsglgncmk.

\kavgobmk ca nkbnoptk mo ncagmcm quo os oa oaoòbtk jcso moa XGN]O, ostc pcsc mo

sor ubc proknupcngþb osobngcaòbto o`proscrgca, cpkycmc pkr acs Cm`gbgstrcngkbosXöjagncs, c nkbstgtugrso ob oa rolorobto eakjca moa sontkr, cjcrncbmk tc`jgçb c aksmostgbks y c ac cpagncngþb mo nrgtorgks mo skstobgjgagmcm c`jgobtca. (]urospcóc, :83>)

Ktrk nkbnoptk jãsgnk moa Xacb os ac nkkporcngþb obtro Cm`gbgstrcngkbos, skjro tkmkob ak quo so rolgoro c acs cntucngkbos mo ncagmcm ob mostgbk, os bonoscrgk aaoecr cankbsobsk obtro ac Cm`gbgstrcngþb ]uràstgnc moa Ostcmk, acs Nkùbgmcmos Cutþbk`cs yacs cm`gbgstrcngkbos akncaos y cyubtc`gobtks, sgobmk ostks öatg`ks aks quo tgobob oapcpoa lubmcòbtca puostk quo prostcb ubc sorgo mo sorvgngks pöjagnks quo gbngmobmgrontcòbto ob ac sctgslcnngþb moa turgstc.

Xcrc nu`pagr aks kjfotgvks mo ncagmcm so nroþ oa oa ^gsto`c Gbtoerca mo Ncagmcm]uràstgnc Ospcókac ob Mostgbks (^GN]OM). Os ub prkmuntk tonbkaþegnk mo ac ônrotcràc

mo Ostcmk mo ]urgs`k quo prkpkrngkbc ub sgsto`c gbtoerca y por`cbobto mo eostgþb moac ncagmcm ob nucaqugor mostgbk turàstgnk bcngkbca, ostã nkbto`pacmk mobtrk moa XacbMgrontkr mo Ncagmcm mo ac ônrotcràc Eoborca mo ]urgs`k y os ubk mo aks pgacros moa^gsto`c mo Ncagmcm ]uràstgnk Ospcóka (^N]O) nk`puostk pkr ôntkros, Mostgbks,Xrkmuntks y Juobcs Xrãntgncs. (Lkrkbmc y Ecrnàc, :887)

:.:.= Xacb moa ]urgs`k Ospcóka Dkrgzkbto :8:8

Osto Xacb ronkeo ac ostrctoegc mo cntucngþb c òmgk y acrek paczk pcrc clrkbtcr aksrotks moa turgs`k ospcóka tk`cbmk nk`k rolorobngc oa cók :8:8 nkb oa lgb os nkbsoeugrquo ob osc londc oa sgsto`c turàstgnk ospcóka soc oa `ãs nk`potgtgvk y skstobgjao,

cpkrtcbmk oa `ãxg`k jgobostcr skngca. (Mknuòbtk Ofonutgvk ]urgs`k :8:8, ônrotcràcEoborca mo ]urgs`k, :885).

Ob ac prãntgnc oa Xacb Dkrgzkbto :8:8 so moscrrkaac òmgcbto mks pacbos quo sosunomob nrkbkaþegncòbto6 Oa Xacb mo ]urgs`k :884-:83: y `ãs tcrmo òmgcbto oaXacb Bcngkbca o Gbtoerca mo ]urgs`k :83:-:83?.

Cprkjcmk ob oa cók :885, mgndk pacb so oacjkrþ fustk cbtos mo quo ac nrgsgslgbcbngorc ùbmgca clontcrc c tkmks aks sontkros onkbþ`gnks, obtro oaaks oa sontkrturàstgnk, pkr ak quo su pacbtoc`gobtk so pkmràc nkbsgmorcr ub pknk kptg`gstc mojgmk cquo tobgobmk ob nuobtc aks mctks roactgvks ca moscrrkaak turàstgnk oxporgòbtcmk ob akscóks cbtorgkros c ac oacjkrcngþb moa pacb, bcmgo pkmàc g`cegbcr ac sgtucngþb quovobmràc mospuçs.

Ac ostrctoegc moa pacb vgobo `crncmc pkr ubc buovc krgobtcngþb ostrctçegnc nk`öbpcrc tkmks aks ceobtos quo gbtorvgobob ob ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc yc socb mo bcturcaozcpöjagnc k prgvcmc. Ostc buovc krgobtcngþb mojo jcscrso ob sogs prgbngpgks6

Xacbglgncngþb mosmo ac krgobtcngþb ca òrncmk.

Oqugagjrgk obtro oa sontkr turàstgnk y su obtkrbk.

Mglorobngcngþb mo aks mostgbks c trcvçs mo sus ctrgjutks y rcseks prkpgks.

Ospongcagzcngþb mo aks prkmuntks mo cnuormk c ac ovkaungþb mo ac mo`cbmc.

^g`paglgncngþb pcrc gbnobtgvcr oa moscrrkaak y òfkrc nkbtgbuc mo acs o`proscs

turàstgncs.




-38-

Nk`prk`gsk y nkkporcngþb por`cbobto obtro aks ceobtos moa sgsto`c turàstgnk.

Xcrc ac nkbsonungþb mo ac òtc ostcjaongmc y tobgobmk ob nuobtc acs krgobtcngkbosostrctçegncs prkpuostcs, csà nk`k aks rotks c aks quo so obnuobtrc ob oa dkrgzkbto

:8:8 so dcb molgbgmk ngbnk ofos nacvo6 Buovc onkbk`àc turàstgnc, vcakr c nagobto,skstobgjgagmcm moa `kmoak, obtkrbk nk`potgtgvk y agmorczek nk`pcrtgmk. Ncmc ubk moaks ofos nkrrospkbmo c ac nkbsonungþb mo ub kjfotgvk y oxprosc aks nc`jgkssgebglgnctgvks quo mojob prkmungrso ob oa sgsto`c turàstgnk ospcóka y nuyknu`pag`gobtk por`gtgrã cancbzcr ac òtc lgfcmc. (Mknuòbtk Ofonutgvk ]urgs`k :8:8,ônrotcràc Eoborca mo ]urgs`k, :885)

Ofo buovc onkbk`àc turàstgnc6 Oa kjfotgvk os moscrrkaacr paobcòbto pcrc oa sgsto`cturàstgnk ospcóka acs vobtcfcs mglorobngcaos morgvcmcs mo ubc buovc onkbk`àc ob acquo ac gbbkvcngþb, oa nkbkng`gobtk y ac ncptcngþb y moscrrkaak moa tcaobtk socb akscntgvks ostrctçegnks nacvo pcrc ac sctgslcnngþb moa nagobto y oa çxgtk moa boekngk.

Ofo vcakr ca nagobto6 û kjfotgvk os òfkrcr oa vcakr klrongmk ca nagobto nkboxporgobngcs turàstgncs quo mglorobngob y pktobngob ac porskbcagmcm y oa

pksgngkbc`gobtk mo Ospcóc nk`k mostgbk turàstgnk, nkbvgrtgobmk ac eostgþb mo acroacngþb nkb oa nagobto y su sctgslcnngþb ob oa buovk pcrcmge`c pcrc oa moscrrkaak,nkòrngcagzcngþb y eostgþb mo aks prkmuntks.

Ofo skstobgjgagmcm moa `kmoak6 ]gobo nk`k kjfotgvk òfkrcr ac skstobgjgagmcm moa`kmoak turàstgnk ospcóka, kptg`gzcbmk aks jobolgngks pkr ubgmcm mo ncpcngmcm mo ncrecskstobgjao y mo gbvorsgþb, ecrcbtgzcbmk ac ncagmcm moa obtkrbk bcturca y nuaturca mo ncmcauecr, ac gbtoercngþb y jgobostcr skngca y oa rooqugagjrgk skngk-torrgtkrgca.

Ofo obtkrbk nk`potgtgvk6 ô jcsc ob nrocr oa obtkrbk þptg`k pcrc ac nrocngþb ymoscrrkaak mo boekngks turàstgnks nk`potgtgvks o gbbkvcmkros òmgcbto ac sg`paglgncngþbbkr`ctgvc y cm`gbgstrctgvc, ubc òfkr nkkporcngþb obtro cm`gbgstrcngkbos y sontkro`proscrgca , oa moscrrkaak mo pacbos mo nk`potgtgvgmcm sontkrgcaos y òfkrcbmk ac

cnnosgjgagmcm y `kvgagmcm turàstgnc.Ofo agmorczek nk`pcrtgmk6 û kjfotgvk os G`puascr ub buovk agmorczek nk`pcrtgmk

moa sgsto`c turàstgnk ospcóka quo, mosmo aks prgbngpgks mo olgngobngc ynkrrospkbscjgagmcm ob oa moscrrkaak mo cnngkbos nkùbos, cyumo ca lkrtcaong`gobtk moac nkbngobngc mo aks jobolgngks skngkonkbþ`gnks moa moscrrkaak skstobgjao mo accntgvgmcm turàstgnc pcrc oa sontkr y pcrc ac skngomcm.

Nk`k yc so dc mgndk oa Xacb moa ]urgs`k Ospcóka Dkrgzkbto :8:8 so moscrrkaaþòmgcbto ub pacb `crnk aac`cmk Xacb mo ]urgs`k :884-:83: y `ãs tcrmo òmgcbto oaXacb Bcngkbca o Gbtoerca mo ]urgs`k :83:-:83?.

Xacb mo ]urgs`k :884-:83:6 Osto pacb kporctgvk nobtrc sus cntucngkbos ob ubc

sorgo mo prkerc`cs jcscmks ob ac pcrtgngpcngþb cskngcmc c prkyontks, jusncbmknkbsobsks y nk`pcrtgobmk gblkr`cngþb ostrctçegnc obtro tkmks aks cntkros moa sontkr6nkùbgmcmos cutþbk`cs, obtgmcmos akncaos y ceobtos moa sontkr turàstgnk. Os ub pacb`crnk nk`k ak dcb sgmk aks pacbos cbtorgkros cprkjcmks pkr ac Nkblorobngc ôntkrgcamo ]urgs`k. ^gb o`jcrek, os ac prgòrc voz quo oa oforngngk mo pacbglgncngþb so dcoacjkrcmk mosmo jcsos tcb c`pagcòbto pcrtgngpctgvcs.

Xcrc oa moscrrkaak y ofonungþb mo osto pacb kporctgvk oa ekjgorbk mostgbþ ob oa cók:884 ub prosupuostk mo >::,5 `gaakbos mo ourks, ub ::% `ãs quo ob oa cók :885.(@gbgstorgk mo Gbmustrgc, ]urgs`k y Nkòrngk, :884)

Osto pacb so crtgnuac òmgcbto kndk prkerc`cs sgeugobmk ac ostrunturc mo ofos ykjfotgvks lgfcmc ob oa Xacb moa ]urgs`k Ospcóka Dkrgzkbto :8:8.




-33-

Lgeurc :.>. Ofos y prkerc`cs moa Xacb moa ]urgs`k Ospcóka :884-:83:

Luobto6 Mknuòbtk ofonutgvk ]urgs`k :8:8. ônrotcràc Eoborca mo ]urgs`k.

Os fustk òbngkbcr ac oxgstobngc mo ktrc sorgo mo gbstruòbtks quo ob `ctorgc moncagmcm protobmob pksgngkbcr c motor`gbcmks mostgbks bcngkbcaos ob ub òrncmkturàstgnk ncmc voz `ãs nk`potgtgvk. ^kb aks buovks Xacbos mo Nk`potgtgvgmcm moaXrkmuntk ]uràstgnk (XNX], çstks so ob`crncb mobtrk moa Xacb Dkrgzkbto :8:8. W os`ãs, mospuçs moa Luturos 377:-377? nobtrcmk ob ac nk`potgtgvgmcm, so pcsþ c ubkspacbos mkbmo ac ncagmcm orc ac jcso mo nucaqugor cntucngþb. Mkno cóks mospuçsvkavo`ks c ac nk`potgtgvgmcm.

Ostks Xacbos puomob sor mo mks tgpks6 Xacbos mo nk`potgtgvgmcm mo zkbcs knk`crncs mo catk pktobngca turàstgnk y Xacbos mo nk`potgtgvgmcm mo mostgbks turàstgnksmo prkyonngþb gbtorbcngkbca. û ã`jgtk mo cntucngþb os oa aknca, pkrquo aks mostgbksturàstgnks nkbstgtuyob oa osnobcrgk ob oa quo so moscrrkaac ac oxporgobngc turàstgnc y oapubtk mo obnuobtrk mo buòrksks cntkros. (Lkrkbmc y Ecrnàc, :887).

Ob ostks `kòbtks so ostã trcjcfcbmk ob oa Xacb Bcngkbca o Gbtoerca mo ]urgs`k:83:-:83?6 Xoso c acs mglgnuatcmos onkbþ`gncs quo clrkbtc buostrk pcàs oa turgs`k dcmo`kstrcmk sor ub sontkr rosgstobto c osto tgpk mo sgtucngkbos, osto öatg`k pacb vgeobto

dcstc ac londc sureo ob ub `kòbtk ob oa quo Ospcóc tgobo oa agmorczek ùbmgca obturgs`k, sgobmk oa prgòr mostgbk moa ùbmk ob turgs`k vcncngkbca, oa soeubmk pcàspkr ecstk turàstgnk y oa nucrtk pkr oa böòrk mo turgstcs. Ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc supkbo`ãs mo ub 38% moa XGJ, nroc ub 33% moa o`paok y nkbtrcrrostc ob ercb òmgmcbuostrk mçlgngt nkòrngca. ^gb o`jcrek ob aks öatg`ks cóks Ospcóc dc sulrgmk ubcpçrmgmc g`pkrtcbto mo nk`potgtgvgmcm y ac skstobgjgagmcm onkbþ`gnc, skngca yòmgkc`jgobtca mo buostrk `kmoak turàstgnk ostã ob obtromgndk mo ncrc ca luturk.(]urospcóc, :83>).

Ob osto nkbtoxtk oa Ekjgorbk òmgcbto osto pacb cpuostc pkr oa turgs`k nk`k ofoostrctçegnk pcrc ac ronuporcngþb onkbþ`gnc. C ercbmos rcseks aks kjfotgvks jãsgnksmoa pacb skb6 (Xacb Bcngkbca o Gbtoerca moa ]urgs`k :83:-:83?)6

Gbnroòbtcr ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc y su robtcjgagmcmEoborcr o`paok mo ncagmcm.




-3:-

G`puascr ac ubgmcm mo òrncmk.

@ofkrcr oa pksgngkbc`gobtk gbtorbcngkbca.

@ofkrcr ac nkdosgþb y bktkrgomcm mo ac `crnc Ospcóc.

Lcvkronor ac nkrrospkbscjgagmcm pöjagnk-prgvcmc.

Lkòbtcr ac mosostcngkbcagzcngþb moa turgs`k.




-3>-

NCXG]_AK >

XACBGLGNCNGÞB ]_ZG^]GNC OB CBMCA_NGC

>.3. CB]ONOMOB]O^ DG^]ÞZGNK^ W O\KA_NGÞB MO AC XACBGLGNCNGÞB]_ZG^]GNC OB CBMCA_NÀC

Ac Nkbstgtungþb ostcjaono quo acs Nkùbgmcmos Cutþbk`cs pkmrãb csu`grnk`potobngcs mo prk`kngþb y krmobcngþb moa turgs`k ob su ã`jgtk torrgtkrgca, mosmooso `kòbtk y ubc voz nkbskagmcmk oa Ostctutk mo Cutkbk`àc, acs prgbngpcaosnk`potobngcs ob `ctorgc turàstgnc pcscrkb c `cbks mo ac Fubtc mo Cbmcaunàc, c lgbcaosmo aks kndobtc osto krecbgs`k nkbtcjc lubmcòbtcaòbto nkb mks gbstruòbtksjãsgnks mo gbnobtgvcngþb mo ac klortc turàstgnc6 Aks Xacbos ]orrgtkrgcaos moa ]urgs`k moaAgtkrca y aks Xrkerc`cs mo Moscrrkaak Gbtoercmk moa ]urgs`k Zurca (XZKMGB]_Z).

Aks Xacbos ]orrgtkrgcaos moa ]urgs`k moa Agtkrca skb gbstruòbtks mo pacbglgncngþboacjkrcmks prgbngpcaòbto pcrc aks trc`ks mo nkstc quo ekzcb mo ospongcaos

porspontgvcs mo moscrrkaak pkr su oaovcmk bgvoa mo mo`cbmc y pkr sus pktobngcagmcmosmo nrong`gobtk. Os pkr oaak, pkr ak quo so nobtrcrkb lubmcòbtcaòbto ob acsprkvgbngcs mo Caòràc, Nãmgz y Duoavc (Jugtrcek,3775).

Ob 374?, ac Fubtc mo Cbmcaunàc (ob nkacjkrcngþb nkb ac o`prosc pöjagnc C_TGBG)nroþ ob ôvgaac oa Acjkrctkrgk mo Xacbglgncngþb ]uràstgnc, oa nuca rongjgþ oa obncrek momoscrrkaacr ub nkbfubtk mo trcjcfks mo bcturcaozc turàstgnc. Oa oqugpk jãsgnk moaAcjkrctkrgk quomþ nkbstgtugmk murcbto aks cóks 374? y 374< pkr ac tktcagmcm mo aks`go`jrks mo Nk`pcóàc Xacbglgncmkrc, c aks quo so su`crkb ktrks mks prklosgkbcaosurjcbgstcs, rospkbscjgagzãbmkso nk`k oqugpk mo ac rocagzcngþb murcbto osto poràkmkmo tros Xacbos ]uràstgnks moa Agtkrca6

Lgeurc >.3 Xacb ]uràstgnk moa agtkrca Xubtc _`jràc-Cyc`kbto ob Duoavc




-3=-

Lgeurc >.:. Xacb ]uràstgnk moa agtkrca ^cbaöncr-Zktc ob Nãmgz

Lgeurc >.>. Xacb ]uràstgnk moa Agtkrca Ncrjkborcs-Nuovcs mo Ca`cbzkrc ob Caòràc

Luobto6 dttp6//oklgngbc.o.toaolkbgnc.bot/sgtos/:773/Kre:3?4<>?/pwo/]ZCJCFK^/turg.dt`

Xcrc ncmc zkbc oa Xacb ronkeo aks prkyontks nkbnrotks pcrc ac nrocngþb mo buovcsgblrcostrunturcs dktoaorcs y mo sorvgngks, csà nk`k acs cntucngkbos quo clontcb caobtkrbk torrgtkrgca, ob nc`pks nk`k acs nkùbgncngkbos pkr ncrrotorc, lorrkncrrga ycvgþb, oqugpc`gobtks o gblrcostrunturcs urjcbcs, pacboc`gobtk urjcbàstgnk vgeobto,otn. ô prostc ospongca ctobngþb c ac prk`kngþb turàstgnc gbtoercmc ob oa òmgk làsgnk ynuaturca mo ac zkbc, sobtcbmk acs jcsos pcrc oa moscrrkaak obmþeobk mo buostrc roegþb.Mostcncb tc`jgçb aks sgeugobtos pacbos6 Xacb ]uràstgnk moa agtkrca moa Zàk Eucmgcbc-Xubtc _`jràc (Duoavc), Xacb ]uràstgnk moa Agtkrca mo Mkócbc (Duoavc), Xacb ]uràstgnk

moa Agtkrca moa Ãroc Jcdàc mo Nãmgz-Zàk Eucmcaqugvgr, Xacb ]uràstgnk moa Agtkrca moa ÃrocNdgnacbc-^cb Zkquo (Nãmgz), Xacb ]uràstgnk moa Agtkrca moa Ncjk mo Ectc-^gorrc Ca`cerorc(Ca oràc), Xacb ]uràstgnk moa Agtkrca Ca oràc- Bàfcr .

http://eoficina.e.telefonica.net/sites/2991/Org2158635/pwe/TRABAJOS/turi.htm

http://eoficina.e.telefonica.net/sites/2991/Org2158635/pwe/TRABAJOS/turi.htm




-3?-

Aks Xrkerc`cs mo Moscrrkaak Gbtoercmk moa ]urgs`k Zurca (XZKMGB]_Z) sureobnucbmk ac Fubtc mo Cbmcaunàc nkbstctc tros dondks g`pkrtcbtos6 prgòrk, ac oxgstobngcmo g`pkrtcbtos ronursks turàstgnks ob oa gbtorgkr mo ac roegþb9 soeubmk, oa osncsk ercmkmo oxpaktcngþb mo tcaos ronursks9 y lgbcaòbto, acs buovcs tobmobngcs mo ac mo`cbmc,`ãs krgobtcmcs dcngc ac mgvorsglgncngþb, dcngc ub turgs`k `ãs cntgvk o gbtoercmk ob oaobtkrbk, mo `cykr ncagmcm y `ãs gbmgvgmucagzcmk, quo so nkrrospkbmo paobcòbto nkboa tgpk mo klortc quo so puomo moscrrkaacr ob acs ãrocs gbtorgkros mo Cbmcaunàc.

Ostcs `ktgvcngkbos g`puascb ub prknosk mo pacbglgncngþb y lkòbtk moa turgs`krurca ob Cbmcaunàc jcscmk ob aks sgeugobtos kjfotgvks6 pkr ub acmk, nkbsoeugr ubmoscrrkaak gbtoerca mo ac zkbc nkbsgmorcmc, pcrc ak nuca, aks XZKMGB]_Z mojobcmcptcrso c acs ncrcntoràstgncs prkpgcs mo ncmc torrgtkrgk y nkkrmgbcrso nkb oa rostk mopkaàtgncs quo so aaovob c ncjk ob oa `gs`k9 pkr ktrk acmk, trctcr mo nk`paoòbtcr,òmgcbto acs cntgvgmcmos turàstgncs, ac prktonngþb moa òmgk y moa pctrg`kbgk nuaturcankb oa moscrrkaak onkbþ`gnk mo ncmc zkbc9 y lgbcaòbto, mgvorsglgncr ac cntgvgmcmturàstgnc, y lcvkronor ub moscrrkaak mglorobngcmk lrobto ca turgs`k mo acs ãrocs agtkrcaos.(Jugtrcek, 3775).

Acs prgòrcs ãrocs moag`gtcmcs pcrc ac rocagzcngþb mo tcaos prkerc`cs luorkb6 ac^gorrc Bkrto mo ôvgaac, ac ^gorrc mo Crcnobc ob Duoavc, ac Cxcrquàc ob @ãacec,Nczkrac y ôeurc ob Fcçb, ac Capufcrrc ercbcmgbc, ac Capufcrrc Caòrgobso, ac ^gorrc moErczcao`c ob Nãmgz y ac ^gorrc ûjjçtgnc mo Nþrmkjc.

>.3.3. Oa Xacb MGC

Ob 377> ac Nkùbgmcm Cutþbk`c mo Cbmcaunàc oacjkrþ Oa Xacb mo Moscrrkaak Gbtoercamoa ]urgs`k mo Cbmcaunàc (Xacb MGC), quo supusk oa prgòr oforngngk mo pacbglgncngþbturàstgnc gbtoerca ob Cbmcaunàc. Ac lgbcagmcm moa pacb orc clrkbtcr ac sgtucngþb moronosgþb ob quo so obnkbtrcjc oa sontkr mosmo lgbcaos mo ac mçncmc mo aks kndobtc, sotrctcjc mo g`puascr ubc buovc otcpc mo nrong`gobtk cmcptãbmkso c aks buovks

prknosks mo trcbslkr`cngþb quo so ostcjcb prkmungobmk ob oso `kòbtk ob oaòrncmk. Luo oacjkrcmk pkr prklosgkbcaos moa sontkr, oxportks ubgvorsgtcrgks,o`proscrgks, tçnbgnks turàstgnks y erupks vgbnuacmks c ac prk`kngþb turàstgnc yonkakegstc.

Oa Xacb MGC protobmo sor ac dorrc`gobtc pcrc sobtcr acs jcsos quo c acrek paczkpor`gtcb ronuporcr ac nk`potgtgvgmcm moa sontkr y mcr scagmc c acs oxpontctgvcs quoklronob acs buovcs lkr`cs mo turgs`k, quo so porngjob nk`k catorbctgvcs c aks`kmoaks nkbvobngkbcaos. Ac bkvomcm moa pacb rcmgnc ob quo so `crnc nk`k kjfotgvkeoborca ‑cuòbtcr ac robtcjgagmcm skngca, onkbþ`gnc y c`jgobtca moa tur gs`k cbmcauz ctrcvçs mo su nucaglgncngþb prkmuntgvc‐, ak nuca pacbtoc ac rupturc nkb ac nkbnopngþbtrcmgngkbca moa turgs`k, nk`k ubc cntgvgmcm nuyc öbgnc ncpcngmcm os sor luobto mo

obtrcmc mo acs mgvgscs bonoscrgcs pcrc oa nrong`gobtk onkbþ`gnk bcngkbca, pork nkbubc osncsc utgagmcm ostrctçegnc pcrc mgbc`gzcr oa tofgmk onkbþ`gnk cbmcauz.(Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k y Mopkrto, :88>)

C pcrtgr mo ac oacjkrcngþb moa Xacb MGC so ronkbkno gbstgtungkbca obto oa ncrãntorostrctçegnk moa turgs`k (prgbngpca rolorobngc pcrc ac pacbglgncngþb) y ac ureobngc mocpkstcr pkr ub buovk `kmoak quo, jcscmk ob nrgtorgks mo ncagmcm, rospotk caòmgkc`jgobto y ub ropcrtk `ãs oqugagjrcmk ob oa torrgtkrgk, nkrrgfc oa prknosk mopçrmgmc mo nk`potgtgvgmcm quo oxporgòbtc oa turgs`k cbmcauz.

C ercbmos rcseks oa ercmk mo nu`pag`gobtk moa Xacb MGC so puomo nkbsgmorcrcnoptcjao sg tobo`ks ob nuobtc acs nkbmgngkbos mo pcrtgmc moa sontkr turàstgnk cbmcauz,ubk mo aks prgbngpcaos çxgtks moa Xacb MGC luo oa catk ercmk mo nkbsobsk cancbzcmk,

ercngcs ca nuca so g`puascrkb g`pkrtcbtos òmgmcs agecmcs c ac krmobcngþb yroeuacngþb aoeca moa sontkr, csà nk`k c su prk`kngþb y nkòrngcagzcngþb.




-3<-

Ob ak rolorobto ca ercmk mo gbvorsgkbos y sujvobngkbos ob acs mglorobtos prkvgbngcsmostcnc ac luorto nkbnobtrcngþb ob @ãacec nk`k nkbsonuobngc mo su `cykrmgbc`gs`k turàstgnk, ob oa oxtro`k kpuostk acs prkvgbngcs mkbmo so rocagzc ubc òbkrgbvorsgþb skb Nþrmkjc y Caòràc. (Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k y Mopkrto, :88>)

Lgeurc >.=. Mgstrgjungþb Xrkvgbngca mo ac gbvorsgþb rocagzcmc murcbto ac vgeobngc moaXacb MGC

Luobto6 Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k y Mopkrto. Mgcebþstgnk moa Xacb Eoborca mo ]urgs`k mo Cbmcaunàc (:88:).

>.3.:. Oa Xacb Eoborca mo ]urgs`k mo Cbmcaunàc

Ob oa cók :88> ac Fubtc mo Cbmcaunàc pkbo ob prãntgnc osto buovk pacb, nkgbngmgobmknkb ac g`pacbtcngþb moa ourk, ac oxgstobngc mo ubc `kbomc öbgnc ob Ourkpc supuskubc ercb kpkrtubgmcm pcrc oa turgs`k, quo nk`k so vorã ob cbãagsgs pkstorgkros kjtuvkjobolgngks gbòmgctks pkr ac romunngþb mo aks nkstos mo trcbscnngþb y pkr acmoscpcrgngþb mo acs `kbomcs bcngkbcaos ob ac zkbc ourk, ak quo lcvkronorã ac`kvgagmcm mobtrk mo Ourkpc.

Ac sgtucngþb mo pcrtgmc mo osto pacb ob nucbtk c su nkbtoxtk bcngkbca, ostcjc`kstrcbmk sàbtk`cs mo ronuporcngþb, yc quo oa böòrk mo turgstcs ospcókaos quovgsgtþ Cbmcaunàc nrongþ c juob rgt`k ob :88:.

Ob ostks öatg`ks cóks cbtorgkros ca pacb so ostcjcb prkmungobmk buòrkscslusgkbos y cmqugsgngkbos ob oa sontkr turàstgnk quo `kmglgncrkb oa pcbkrc`c dktoaork




-35-

ospcóka, quo dcb lcngagtcmk ac pksgjgagmcm mo cjkrmcr prkyontks mo gbvorsgþb obòrncmks oxtorgkros (Ncrgjo, Xkrtueca, otn.). Osto tgpk mo gbtoercngkbos pcrc ecbcrnuktc mo òrncmk ob aks mostgbks turàstgnks nkbvgvo nkb ktrcs mo ncrãntor vortgnca ktrcbsvorsca (vgbnuacmcs c òmgks mo pcek), `ãs prkpgcs mo acs o`proscs moa bkrto moOurkpc y quo nkbnobtrcb ceobngcs mo vgcfo, turkporcmkros, nk`pcóàcs cçrocs ycakfc`gobtks. (Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k y Mopkrto, :88>)

Cbmcaunàc cpcrono ob ostc mgbã`gnc nkb ubc pksgngþb lrãega, ca sgtucrso ca lgbca mo acncmobc, nk`k mostgbk turàstgnk y sgb pcrtgngpcr ob aks prknosks mo tk`c mo mongsgkbosskjro oa mostgbk mo aks laufks turàstgnks gbtorbcngkbcaos. Orc bonoscrgk cmkptcr buovcsostrctoegcs quo por`gtcb c acs o`proscs cbmcauzcs dcnor lrobto ca rotk mo acnk`potobngc eakjca, mo lkr`c quo òfkrob su pksgngþb nk`potgtgvc ob oa òrncmkturàstgnk ùbmgca. (Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k y Mopkrto, :88>)

Ob oa cók :88:, cbtorgkr ca cók ob quo so gbgngþ osto pacb, oa turgs`k prosobtþ ubnrong`gobtk bk`gbca moa >,5% aaoecbmk c cancbzcr ub vkauòb mo prkmunngþb mo33.78=,>= `gaakbos mo ourks, quo roprosobtc ub pkrnobtcfo skjro oa X.G.J. cbmcauz obtkrbk ca 3:,?%. Ostcs nglrcs supkbob `ãs moa mkjao mo acs oxgstobtos ob aks cóks 78 y

nkbvgortob ca sontkr ob ubk mo aks prgbngpcaos rospkbscjaos moa nrong`gobtk mo aconkbk`àc cbmcauzc. Oa ecstk olontucmk pkr aks turgstcs ob Cbmcaunàc ob :88: so dcnglrcmk ob 3>.<=> `gaakbos mo ourks, (^gsto`c mo Cbãagsgs y Ostcmàstgncs moa ]urgs`kmo Cbmcaunàc, ^CO]C, :88:)

]kmks ostks mctks skjro ac g`pkrtcbngc moa turgs`k ob ac onkbk`àc cbmcauzcnkbaaovcb c quo ac Fubtc mo Cbmcaunàc cuòbtcrc ncmc cók aks prosupuostksmostgbcmks ca turgs`k nk`k so ùostrc ob ac sgeugobto tcjac.

Lgeurc >.?. Ovkaungþb mo aks ecstks ob turgs`k mo ac Fubtc mo Cbmcaunàc 377<-:88:.

Luobto6 Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k y Mopkrto.

Oa kjfotgvk lgbca moa Xacb Eoborca mo ]urgs`k mo Cbmcaunàc luo ac nkbskagmcngþb moaturgs`k nk`k sontkr nacvo pcrc oa moscrrkaak luturk mo Cbmcaunàc, nk`k kjfotgvksgbtoròmgks lgeurcb ac òfkrc mo ac nk`potgtgvgmcm moa sontkr turàstgnk cbmcauz, ac

òfkrc mo ac gbtoercngþb moa turgs`k ob ac skngomcm cbmcauzc y ac robkvcngþb moasgsto`c turàstgnk cbmcauz, osto nc`jgk mo ru`jk ob oa `kmoak mo moscrrkaak mojo




-34-

obnc`gbcrso c gbnkrpkrcr oa òmgk c`jgobto nk`k oaoòbtk sustcbngca mo lkr`c quoso nkblgeuro ub `kmoak turàstgnk skstobgjao, osto `kmoak sorã ac jcso moa prþxg`k pacboacjkrcmk pkr ac Fubtc mo Cbmcaunàc (Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k y Mopkrto, :88>).

>.3.>. Oa Xacb Eoborca mo ]urgs`k ^kstobgjao mo Cbmcaunàc :884-:833

Osto pacb luo nkbnojgmk jcfk ac ubcbg`gmcm obtro aks ceobtos pöjagnks y prgvcmksskjro ac nkbvobgobngc mo quo Cbmcaunàc pkbec ob `crndc ubc pkaàtgnc turàstgnc jcscmcob ac mglorobngc, orc g`prosngbmgjao gbnkrpkrcr c aks mostgbks ubc sgbeuacrgmcm movcakros y ctrgjutks quo aks dcecb nk`potgtgvks ob oa buovk osnobcrgk turàstgnk y pcrc oaluturk (Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k Nkòrngk y Mopkrto, :885).

Ac nk`paofgmcm y prklubmgmcm mo aks nc`jgks quo orc prongsk gbtrkmungr ob oankbeakòrcmk moa turgs`k cbmcauz dcnob cjskautcòbto g`prosngbmgjao cjkrmcr oaprknosk mo pacbglgncngþb cpagncbmk ubc òtkmkakeàc pcrtgngpctgvc.

Oa Xacb lkrùac nuctrk ercbmos rotks pcrc ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc ob Cbmcaunàc6

Cnk`pcscr oa rgt`k mo nrong`gobtk mo ac ncpcngmcm mo cnkegmc moa ospcngkturàstgnk nkb oa mo porbkntcngkbos y òfkrcr su bgvoa mo utgagzcngþb.

@cbtobor y rolkrzcr oa ctrcntgvk turàstgnk mo buostrks mostgbks.

Mglorobngcr aks prkmuntks y mostgbks cbmcaunos pcrc mosvgbnuacr sunk`potgtgvgmcm mo ac ncrrorc mo prongks c ac jcfc.

@cbtobor y prklosgkbcagzcr oa o`paok ostcjao y mo ncagmcm.

Ob rospuostc c aks rotks, oa Xacb ostcjaono aks sgeugobtos kjfotgvks jãsgnks6Zomolgbgngþb moa pksgngkbc`gobtk nk`potgtgvk, cmonucngþb mo ac ostrunturc prkmuntgvc cacs buovcs bonosgmcmos y òfkrcr ac nkdorobngc y ac olgncngc ob ac cntucngþbnk`potgtgvc. (Zgvcs y @cecmãb, :885)

Xcrcaoacòbto ca Xacb Eoborca mo ]urgs`k mo Cbmcaunàc so moscrrkaacrkb oa Xacb moNcagmcm ]uràstgnc mo Cbmcaunàc (XN]C) :88<-:884 y `ãs cmoacbto oa XN]C :838-:83:, nkb oa kjfotgvk mo G`puascr ub nc`jgk ob oa `kmoak prkmuntgvk moa turgs`kcbmcauz mkbmo so ùatgpagquo ac rospkbscjgagmcm mo aks ceobtos g`pagncmks y sopktobngob aks rosuatcmks onkbþ`gnks òmgcbto ac prosorvcngþb mo aks ronursksòmgkc`jgobtcaos y aks vcakros skngknuaturcaos. ]kmk oaak lkòbtcbmk ac oxnoaobngc yac gbbkvcngþb nk`k nacvos pcrc csoeurcr aks rosuatcmks o`proscrgcaos y mo o`paok yac nkbskagmcngþb moa agmorczek mo Cbmcaunàc ob oa òrncmk turàstgnk ùbmgca.

>.:. O^]CMK CN]_CA MO AC XACBGLGNCNGÞB ]_ZG^]GNC OB CBMCA_NGC

Cbtos mo cbcagzcr oa ostcmk cntuca mo ac pacbglgncngþb turàstgnc ob Cbmcaunàc osg`pkrtcbto dcnor ubc jrovo òbngþb c aks mctks ostcmàstgnks mo ac sgtucngþb cntuca motkmk oa sontkr turàstgnk cbmcauz jcsãbmkbks ob aks mctks prkpkrngkbcmks pkr oajcacbno turàstgnk mo Cbmcaunàc moa pcscmk cók :83:, pcrc csà nk`probmor òfkr dcngcmkbmo mojob mo gr obnc`gbcmcs acs cnngkbos mo pacbglgncngþb.

Oa cók :83: so norrþ nkb :3,< `gaakbos mo turgstcs, ak quo supkbo ub mosnobsk moa-3,3% rospontk ca cók cbtorgkr, sgb o`jcrek aks gberosks pkr turgs`k csnobmgorkb c3<.>88 `gaakbos mo ourks y dcb nrongmk c ubc tcsc roca mo +>,4%. Ac ostcbngc òmgcob quo aks turgstcs por`cbonob ob Cbmcaunàc os mo 7,= màcs, nornc mo màc y òmgk`ãs, nkb ub ecstk òmgk mgcrgk mo <8,= ourks (Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k y Nkòrngk,:83>)




-37-

]c`jgçb so gbnroòbtc oa ercmk mo sctgslcnngþb mo aks turgstcs, quo ktkrecb c suostcbngc ob Cbmcaunàc ubc ncaglgncngþb mo 5,7 pubtks skjro mgoz, 8,= pubtks `ãs quoob :833. (ON]C, :83>)

Aks cakfc`gobtks dktoaorks roegstrcrkb 3=,? gaakbos mo vgcforks quo rocagzcrkb =3,:`gaakbos mo porbkntcngkbos, nkb mosnobsk moa :,5% y oa :,4%, rospontgvcòbto. Ostc

jcfcmc ostã `ktgvcmc pkr ac mgs`gbungþb ob oa òrncmk bcngkbca, yc quo aks o`gskrosgbtorbcngkbcaos `kstrcrkb gbnroòbtks tcbtk ob turgstcs nk`k ob ostcbngcs. (Obnuostcmo knupcngþb dktoaorc, :83>)

Cbmcaunàc so nkbskagmc nk`k nucrtk mostgbk bcngkbca ob `kvg`gobtk dktoaork, nkboa 3=,<% mo acs ostcbngcs. Csà, clgcbzc su pksgngþb nk`k prgòrc kpngþb mo aksvgcforks ospcókaos y ubc òfkr ovkaungþb quo ac òmgc bcngkbca ob porbkntcngkbos moturgstcs oxtrcbforks.

Ostks skb aks mctks mo pcrtgmc nkb aks quo nk`gobzc oa cók :83>, bks obnkbtrc`kscdkrc ob ub `kòbtk ob quo cncjc mo lgbcagzcr ub poràkmk mo pacbglgncngþb turàstgncprktcekbgzcmk pkr oa Xacb Eoborca mo ]urgs`k ^kstobgjao mo Cbmcaunàc, :884-:833,quo tkmcvàc sgeuo vgeobto cubquo yc so ostç trcjcfcbmk ob ac oacjkrcngþb mo ub buovk

Xacb Eoborca mo ]urgs`k ^kstobgjao :83=-:8:8, moa quo so dcjacrã `ãs cmoacbto ob oaprosobto trcjcfk.

Ob ostks `kòbtks y mosmo ac Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k mo ac Fubtc mo Cbmcaunàc soostã trcjcfcbmk ob ac g`pacbtcngþb mo ubc buovc nuaturc turàstgnc jcscmc ob ? pgacroslubmcòbtcaos6 (Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k, Nkòrngk y Mopkrto :838)

3. ]orrgtkrgk6 @omgcbto mglorobtos gbstruòbtks mo gbtorvobngþb so dc trcjcfcmk obac gmoc mo cuòbtcr oa böòrk mo torrgtkrgks clontcmks mo `cborc pacbglgncmc yskstobgjao.

:. Xrkmuntks6 Mojob mo sor cutçbtgnks y sgbeuacros mo `cborc quo òfkrob acoxporgobngc turàstgnc.

>. Ncagmcm6 Jcscmc ob acs mgrontrgnos moa XN]C :838-:83: os bonoscrgk g`puascrub nc`jgk ob oa `kmoak prkmuntgvk moa turgs`k cbmcauz mkbmo so ùatgpagquo acrospkbscjgagmcm mo aks ceobtos g`pagncmks y so pktobngob aks rosuatcmksonkbþ`gnks òmgcbto ac prosorvcngþb mo aks ronursks òmgkc`jgobtcaos y aksvcakros skngknuaturcaos. ]kmk oaak lkòbtcbmk ac oxnoaobngc y ac gbbkvcngþbnk`k nacvos pcrc csoeurcr aks rosuatcmks o`proscrgcaos y mo o`paok y acnkbskagmcngþb moa agmorczek mo Cbmcaunàc ob oa òrncmk turàstgnk ùbmgca.

=. Gbbkvcngþb6 Ac Fubtc prkùovo ac gbbkvcngþb c trcvçs mo6

Nkùbgmcm Cbmcaunàc, www.cbmcaungc.kre os ubc pactclkr`c tonbkaþegncgbtoercmc nkb acs prgbngpcaos dorrc`gobtcs skngcaos mo Gbtorbot, nobtrcaos morosorvcs y acs mglorobtos pactclkr`cs mo ac cm`gbgstrcngþb, ubk mo aks oaoòbtksmglorobngcaos sorã ac pksgjgagmcm mo roacngkbcr ronursks turàstgnks, ak quo por`gtgrãnrocr gtgborcrgks quo obacnob òmgks mo trcbspkrto, mostgbks, pubtks mo gbtorçs,cakfc`gobtks, rostcurcbtos k cntgvgmcmos norncbcs.

Oa Xacb mgrontkr mo @criotgbe :887-:83:, quo porsgeuo c ercbmos rcseks ubporlga mo turgstc quo olontöo ub `cykr ecstk, òbks ostcngkbca y ob `ãstorrgtkrgk.

Xacb mo Cnngþb :83>, os ub mknuòbtk prãntgnk quo nkbtgobo acs cnngkbos quo

so vcb c rocagzcr ob `ctorgc mo prk`kngþb turàstgnc cbucaòbto. (Ovobtk, Londc yAuecr), motor`gbc aks pcàsos y roegkbos `ãs robtcjaos y soócac aks soeòbtks`ãs ctrcntgvks y nk`potgtgvks.




-:8-

?. Nkbkng`gobtk6 C trcvçs mo Cbmcaunàc Acj (Nobtrk mo Gbbkvcngþb ]uràstgnc mo Cbmcaunàc). Ac fubtc tgobo nk`k kjfotgvk cnorncr ac gbbkvcngþb ca tofgmko`proscrgca, ospongcaòbto pyòs y `gnrkpyòs y prklosgkbca mo turgs`k. ôtrctc mo ub mopcrtcòbtk mo G+M ca sorvgngk mo ac gbmustrgc turàstgnc.

>.:.3. Gbstruòbtks mo gbtorvobngþb turàstgnc ob Cbmcaunàc

Cntucaòbto oxgstob vcrgks gbstruòbtks òmgcbto aks nucaos oa Ekjgorbk mo ac Fubtcmo Cbmcaunàc aaovc c ncjk aks prkyontks ob `ctorgc mo pacbglgncngþb turàstgnc6(Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k y Nkòrngk, :83>).

Ostrctoegc mo ]urgs`k ^kstobgjao6 ^kb ub nkbfubtk mo cntucngkbos mgrgegmcs cg`pacbtcr ub sgsto`c mo pacbglgncngþb ostrctçegnc ob oa torrgtkrgk jcscmk ob ac nrocngþbmo buovks prkmuntks k òfkrc moa oxgstobto, lkrtcaong`gobtk mo ac nk`potgtgvgmcm moasontkr aknca, cuòbtk moa ctrcntgvk moa ospcngk turàstgnk o g`pacbtcngþb mo sgsto`cs ydorrc`gobtcs mo eostgþb omgkc`jgobtca. Nk`probmo c su voz mks gbgngctgvcs6

Gbgngctgvcs mo ]urgs`k ^kstobgjao6 Mgrgegmcs c ospcngks nkb ub g`pkrtcbto pktobngcaturàstgnk quo nuobtcb nkb ronursks pctrg`kbgcaos bcturcaos k nuaturcaos mo gbtorçs.

Gbgngctgvc mo Ngumcmos ]uràstgncs6 Mgrgegmcs c nrocr ospcngks turàstgnks ob romos mongumcmos òmgcs y c ostcjaonor k nkbskagmcr rutcs nuaturcaos k gtgborcrgks turàstgnks.

Xacbos ]uràstgnks6 ^kb cnngkbos mo ã`jgtk torrgtkrgca suprcùbgngpca y ùbgngpca quoprotobmob oa moscrrkaak mo mostgbks turàstgnks jcfk acs pro`gscs mo ac ncagmcm y ubnrong`gobtk skstobgjao, nkdorobto y skavobto. ô trctc mo ub `kmoak mo cntucngþb quoob ac cntucagmcm dc sgmk sustgtugmk pkr ac Ostrctoegc mo ]urgs`k ^kstobgjao.

Xacb ]uràstgnk mo Ercbmos Ngumcmos6 ^kb pacbos mgrgegmks c ùbgngpgks mo `ãs mo388.888 dcjgtcbtos, nuyk prgbngpca kjfotgvk os ac mgvorsglgncngþb mo ac klortc mo acsngumcmos cbmcauzcs c`pagcbmk su ospcngk turàstgnk y nrocbmk y moscrrkaacbmk buovks y

ctrcntgvks prkmuntks, skb mo ercb g`pkrtcbngc ob buostrc nkùbgmcm mojgmk c quo oaturgs`k urjcbk os ub soeòbtk turàstgnk ob cueo y òmgcbto ostks pacbos so puomocprkvondcr oa g`pkrtcbto aoecmk nuaturca o dgstþrgnk mo acs ngumcmos cbmcauzcs. Obosto `kòbtk so ostãb aaovcbmk c ncjk ob Ercbcmc, Fcçb, Foroz mo ac Lrkbtorc,ôvgaac, @crjoaac y @ãacec.

@ubgngpgk turàstgnk6 @undks ùbgngpgks cbmcaunos so vob kjagecmks c rocagzcr ubospongca osluorzk lgbcbngork, pacbglgncmkr y krecbgzctgvk, mojgmk ca gbnroòbtk ob oaböòrk mo usucrgks quo mo`cbmcb ac prostcngþb mo sorvgngks ùbgngpcaos `ktgvcmkpkr oa laufk turàstgnk, pkr oaak, ac Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k y Nkòrngk dc nrocmk ac lgeurcmo @ubgngpgk ]uràstgnk nuyc prgbngpca lgbcagmcm os ac mo nkrroegr k ca òbks nk`pobscraks olontks boectgvks quo ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc aos puomc cncrrocr c ostks ùbgngpgks.

Caeubks mo aks ùbgngpgks clontcmks pkr ostks pacbos skb Zkbmc, ]krro`kagbks,]crglc, ^cbtgpkbno, Nczkrac y Ca`kbto obtro ktrks.

Xrkerc`c mo Zonucaglgncngþb mo Mostgbks @cmurks6 Cntucaòbto oa öbgnk pacb quoso ostã aaovcbmk c ncjk obnucmrcmk ob ostc lgeurc mo pacbglgncngþb os oa Xacb moZonucaglgncngþb ]uràstgnc mo ac Nkstc moa ^ka Knngmobtca k Xacb Sucaglgnc. ô trctc mo ubpacb pgkbork ob Cbmcaunàc, nuyk prgbngpca kjfotgvk nkbsgsto ob rokrgobtcr oa `kmoak momoscrrkaak turàstgnk mo ac Nkstc moa ^ka òmgcbto oa mgsoók mo ostrctoegcs jcscmcs ob acrodcjgagtcngþb moa ospcngk jcfk acs pro`gscs mo ac skstobgjgagmcm, ubc `cykrrobtcjgagmcm mo ac cntgvgmcm y cpkstcbmk pkr ac mglorobngcngþb lrobto c acostcbmcrgzcngþb. Clontc c aks ùbgngpgks mo Jobca`ãmobc, Ncscros, Ostopkbc,Luobegrkac, @cbgavc, @crjoaac, @gfcs y]krro`kagbks.




-:3-

Ac sgeugobto tcjac ùostrc ub rosuòb moa böòrk mo pacbos olontucmks mo ncmctgpk6

Gbgngctgvcs mo pacbglgncngþb ob ofonungþb ob Cbmcaunàc Böòrk mo

pacbos

Gbgngctgvcs mo Ngumcmos ]uràstgncs >

Gbgngctgvcs mo ]urgs`k ^kstobgjao (G]^) :4

Xacb ]uràstgnk mo Ercbmos Ngumcmos (X]EN) <

Xacb ]uràstgnk (X]) :>

@ubgngpgk ]uràstgnk (@]) 38

Xacbos mo Mgbc`gzcngþb moa prkmuntk ]uràstgnk (XMX]) ?

Xacbos mo Nk`potgtgvgmcm :

Xacb mo Zonucaglgncngþb mo Mostgbks 3

]cjac >.<. Gbgngctgvcs mo pacbglgncngþb ob ofonungþb ob Cbmcaunàc

Luobto6 Oacjkrcngþb prkpgc

Aks gbstruòbtks cbtorgkros skb aks oacjkrcmks c gbgngctgvc cutkbþ`gnc, porktc`jgçb oxgstob ktrks pacbos quo so ostãb moscrrkaacbmk cntucaòbto ob nkacjkrcngþbnkb ac Cm`gbgstrcngþb moa Ostcmk6 (Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k y Nkòrngk, :83>).

Xacbos mo Mgbc`gzcngþb moa Xrkmuntk ]uràstgnk6 ô nobtrcb ob nrocr prkmuntksturàstgnks ctrcntgvks y mo ncagmcm ob ospcngks turàstgnks krmobcmks y oqugagjrcmkssusnoptgjaos mo sor nkòrngcagzcmks ob oa luturk, cntucaòbto so ostãb aaovcbmk c ncjkngbnk pacbos mo osto tgpk ob Cbmcaunàc6 Cntucngkbos pcrc g`puascr oa Xrkmuntk]uràstgnk mo ac Jçtgnc Zk`cbc, oa Xacb Cntgvc Fcçb, oa Xacb mo Mgbc`gzcngþb moaXrkmuntk ]uràstgnk Cxcrquàc, oa Xacb mo Mgbc`gzcngþb moa Xrkmuntk ]uràstgnk ôrrcbàc

mo Zkbmc, y oa Xacb mo Mgbc`gzcngþb moa Xrkmuntk ]uràstgnk ^gorrc mo Nczkrac, ôeurcy Acs \gaacs.

Aks Xacbos mo Nk`potgtgvgmcm vgobob c sustgtugr c aks cbtorgkros y ob Cbmcaunàc skbmks aks quo so ostãb moscrrkaacbmk cntucaòbto6 Oa Xacb mo Nk`potgtgvgmcm mo ac ^gorrcBkrto mo @ãacec y oa Xacb mo Nk`potgtgvgmcm mo zkbcs mo catk pktobngca turàstgnk pcrcoa pr kmuntk mo ac ‑Zutc mo aks Ncstgaaks y acs Jctcaacs‐.

Cubquo acs aàbocs mo cntucngþb moa Xacb Eoborca mo ]urgs`k ^kstobgjao :884-:833tkmcvàc sgeuob vgeobtos, mosmo ac Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k so ostã trcjcfcbmk ob acoacjkrcngþb moa buovk Xacb Eoborca moa ]urgs`k ^kstobgjao mo Cbmcaunàc :83=-:8:8nuyks kjfotgvks jãsgnks sorãb (Monrotk >4/:83>, mo 37 mo `crzk)6

c) Molgbgr ostrctoegcs y pkaàtgncs pcrc g`paoòbtcr ub `kmoak mo moscrrkaak turàstgnk^kstobgjao, vgcjao, oqugtctgvk y nk`potgtgvk, quo dcec ub usk þptg`k mo aks ronursks




-::-

mgspkbgjaos, rospotuksk nkb aks vcakros akncaos y aks ospcngks mkbmo so moscrrkaac oaturgs`k y quo ecrcbtgno ac nkdosgþb torrgtkrgca.

j) Xktobngcr oa tofgmk o`proscrgca turàstgnk y eoborcr o`paok ostcjao y mo ncagmcm.

n) G`puascr ac nrocngþb y mglusgþb mo prkmuntks quo mgvuaeuob y pkbecb ob vcakr aksronursks bcturcaos, nuaturcaos, torrgtkrgcaos y pcgscfàstgnks mo aks mgstgbtks torrgtkrgks mobuostrc Nkùbgmcm, prknurcbmk ac nk`paoòbtcrgomcm y ac agjorcngþb mo sgboregcsobtro aks mgstgbtks soeòbtks, ac g`ceob mo ac ncagmcm mo aks ospcngks turàstgnks y acg`pagncngþb mo ac pkjacngþb aknca ob ac oxporgobngc turàstgnc.

m) \gbnuacr ac skstobgjgagmcm ca moscrrkaak mo ub `kmoak turàstgnk quo so cpkyo ob aceostgþb gbtoerca mo ac ncagmcm ob aks mostgbks, ac gbbkvcngþb mobtrk moa tofgmko`proscrgca, ospongcaòbto ac tonbkaþegnc y ac lkr`cngþb y trcbslorobngc monkbkng`gobtk obtro sus prklosgkbcaos.

o) Xrk`kvor ub prknosk mo gbtoercngþb obtro ac pacbglgncngþb y ac eostgþb, quopor`gtc cmcptcrso c ac ovkaungþb mo ac nkyubturc onkbþ`gnc g`puascbmk nkb oaak oanrong`gobtk mglorobngca mo ubc klortc y mo`cbmc nkb `cykr vcakr cócmgmk.

l) Ostcjaonor òncbgs`ks mo pcrtgngpcngþb olontgvks obtro aks cntkros g`pagncmks oboa `kmoak mo moscrrkaak turàstgnk, quo lkòbtob oa ronkbkng`gobtk skngca moa turgs`k yquo eoborob ospcngks o gbstruòbtks mo nkkporcngþb ob oa ã`jgtk mo ac mongsgþb, aceostgþb y ac lgbcbngcngþb.

e) Lcvkronor ac rodcjgagtcngþb gbtoerca mo mostgbks `cmurks moa agtkrca, ac `cykrgbbkvcngþb y puostc ob vcakr mo ac klortc mo gbtorgkr, csà nk`k gbnobtgvcr aks mostgbksskstobgjaos oòreobtos, ofkrcbmk buostrc klortc trcmgngkbca.

>.>. NKB^GMOZCNGKBO^ ^KJZO AC XKAG]GNC MO XACBGLGNCNGÞB]_ZG^]GNC OB CBMCA_NGC

Ob aks öatg`ks cóks y òmgcbto mglorobtos gbstruòbtks mo gbtorvobngþb so dctrcjcfcmk ob ac gmoc mo quo `ãs torrgtkrgk pacbglgncmk os òfkr, cntucaòbto oa 44,4:%moa torrgtkrgk cbmcauz ostã clontcmk pkr caeubc lgeurc mo pacbglgncngþb, ob ostks`kòbtks mo ronosgþb onkbþ`gnc ob quo bks obnkbtrc`ks ostc gmoc mo `ãs os òfkrso dc puostk ob mumc yc quo ùndks prkyontks dcb tobgmk quo sor pcrcagzcmks yùndcs sujvobngkbos movuoatcs pkr lcatc mo prosupuostk, sureo cdkrc ac proeubtc mosg so dc pacbglgncmk ob oxnosk y mo sg os jobolgngksk pcrc buostrk sontkr turàstgnk ostooxnosk mo pacbglgncngþb.

Xkr ubc pcrto `ãs torrgtkrgk pacbglgncmk g`pagnc ubc `cykr ncpcngmcm mo cnkegmc movgsgtcbtos y `cykros kpkrtubgmcmos pcrc buovks prkmuntks y mostgbks quo puomob vorob oa turgs`k ubc cyumc nk`paoòbtcrgc c ac mglànga sgtucngþb onkbþ`gnc, pork pkr ktrk

acmk ostk puomo clontcr c ac ncagmcm y c ac g`ceob mo Cbmcaunàc nk`k mostgbk, puostkquo ovgmobtoòbto, cubquo so aaovob c ncjk cnngkbos mo pacbglgncngþb pcrc gbtobtcrctrcor c aks turgstcs, bk tkmk os gbtoroscbto bg ctrcntgvk y sg mosvgc`ks ac ctobngþb moaturgstc dcngc prkmuntks y mostgbks mo òbkr g`pkrtcbngc so pormoràc ac osobngc mo Cbmcaunàc nk`k mostgbk, mgs`gbuyobmk ac ncagmcm ob ac oxporgobngc turàstgnc. Cbmcaunàcos ub mostgbk quo pkr sà skak nuobtc nkb gbbuòrcjaos ctrcntgvks turàstgnks y bk osbonoscrgk gbvobtcr k nrocr buovks prkmuntks mkbmo bk aks dcy, `ãs cöb ob ostks`kòbtks mo nrgsgs onkbþ`gnc soràc `ãs nkbvobgobto cubcr osluorzks ob acs zkbcsnkb cutçbtgnk pktobngca turàstgnk.

Oa torrgtkrgk cbmcauz nuobtc nkb ubc lrcbfc agtkrca mo ercb ncagmcm, nkb 43?Igaþòtrks mo pacycs, ub nag`c @omgtorrãbok ncrcntorgzcmk pkr oaovcmcs to`porcturcs

òmgcs y osncscs prongpgtcngkbos, cjubmcbngc mo dkrcs mo ska, ob Cbmcaunàc soobnuobtrc ac ostcngþb mo osquà `ãs òrgmgkbca mo tkmc Ourkpc, cmo`ãs mo ub roagovoùy mgsporsk quo krgegbc ubc ercb vcrgomcm mo pcgscfos y onksgsto`cs mglorobtos.




-:>-

Osto rcsek dc dondk pksgjao quo ob ac cntucagmcm nkbto`ks nkb ub 3<,7% mosuporlgngo prktoegmc ob buostrc roegþb, ak nuca rolaofc ubc oaovcmc pktobngcagmcm pcrc oamoscrrkaak mo buovcs catorbctgvcs6 turgs`k rurca, cerkturgs`k, turgs`k vormo, turgs`kngboeçtgnk, turgs`k mopkrtgvk, otn.

Acs ngumcmos cbmcauzcs nuobtcb nkb ub rgnk pctrg`kbgk nuaturca y `kbuòbtca lrutk

moa aoecmk dgstþrgnk, nkb auecros nk`k ac Cadc`jrc mo Ercbcmc, `kbuòbtk `ãsvgsgtcmk mo tkmc Ospcóc murcbto aks öatg`ks ngbnk cóks, ac @ozqugtc mo Nþrmkjc, k acNctomrca mo ôvgaac. ]c`jgçb mostcncb ngumcmos nk`k Öjomc y Jcozc monacrcmcsXctrg`kbgk mo ac Du`cbgmcm pkr ac _bosnk, k Zkbmc obtro ktrcs.

Ktrk rcsek quo nkaknc oa torrgtkrgk cbmcauz ob ubc sgtucngþb prgvgaoegcmc pcrc oaturgs`k os su ujgncngþb eokerãlgnc ostrctçegnc obtro Ourkpc y Ãlrgnc mo ercbtrcbsnobmobngc, yc quo, mo ub acmk, dc nkbtrgjugmk c quo nkbvgvcb ercb ncbtgmcm monuaturcs y puojaks mgstgbtks c ak acrek mo ac dgstkrgc, dcngobmk mo ac mgvorsgmcm nuaturca ymo ac tkaorcbngc skngca ubk mo buostrks rcseks cbtrkpkaþegnks `ãs mostcncmks yctrcntgvks pcrc oa turgs`k (turgs`k lkanaþrgnk, turgs`k roagegksk, turgs`k ecstrkbþ`gnk,otn.)9 y mo ktrk acmk, bks sgtöc, bk mo`csgcmk aofks mo buostrk prgbngpca o`gskr mo

turgstcs -Ourkpc- nk`k pcrc obncronor oxnosgvcòbto aks nkstos, bg mo`csgcmk norncpcrc pormor oa oxktgs`k.

Nkb ostk sþak so gbtobtc pkbor mo `cbglgostk quo nkbtc`ks nkb aks ronursksbonoscrgks pcrc nucaqugor soeòbtk k tgpk mo turgs`k, sþak soràc bonoscrgk ostcjaonornuãaos skb aks soeòbtks ob quo ncmc prkvgbngc os nk`potgtgvc y ospongcagzcrso ob ça.Ostk qugoro mongr quo ncmc prkvgbngc klroznc ak òfkr quo tgobo pork sgb quo so pgormcac g`ceob mo ac `crnc Cbmcaunàc. Mosmo ub pubtk mo vgstc onkbþ`gnk ostk sgebglgncràcostumgcr ob quo zkbcs k ob quo prkyontks so mojoràc gbvortgr ctobmgobmk c nrgtorgks morobtcjgagmcm y so ovgtcràc `caecstcr lkbmks ob prkmuntks k mostgbks òbks ctrcntgvks.

Ktrk cspontk boectgvk moa oxnosk mo pacbglgncngþb os quo suoao gbmungr c ac gmoc moquo oa kjfotgvk lgbca os oa cuòbtk moa böòrk mo turgstcs, pork bk so trctc mo osk sgbk

mo cuòbtcr ac ncagmcm moa sorvgngk pcrc òfkrcr ac g`ceob y nkb oaak oa vcakr cócmgmkmoa prkmuntk, ostk so trcmuno ob quo oa turgstc ostcrã mgspuostk c pcecr `ãs pkr ubprkmuntk k sorvgngk ob ac òmgmc ob quo ak nkbsgmoro öbgnk y oxnopngkbca.

^g kjsorvc`ks ub `cpc moa torrgtkrgk cbmcauz clontcmk pkr caeubc lgeurc mopacbglgncngþb vo`ks nk`k osto knupc ncsg ac tktcagmcm moa torrgtkrgk6




-:=-

Lgeurc >.<. @ubgngpgks gbnaugmks ob prkerc`cs turàstgnks mo nucaqugor ã`jgtktorrgtkrgca.

Luobto6 Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k y Nkòrngk, :83>

Ob ac g`ceob cbtorgkr quomc rolaofcmk nk`k oa 44,4:% moa torrgtkrgk cbmcauz ostãclontcmk pkr caeöb prkerc`c turàstgnk, sgobmk ac prkvgbngc mo Nãmgz ac quo nuobtc nkb`ãs ùbgngpgks quo ostçb gbnaugmks cntucaòbto nk`k pkmo`ks kjsorvcr ob oa `cpc.Xcrc rocagzcr ub cbãagsgs `ãs motcaacmk, oa sgeugobto `cpc ùostrc oa böòrk mocnngkbos quo so ostãb aaovcbmk c ncjk skjro aks ùbgngpgks mo Cbmcaunàc6

Lgeurc >.5. Mgstrgjungþb mo cnngkbos skjro aks ùbgngpgks mo Cbmcaunàc

Luobto6 Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k y Nkòrngk, :83>

C rcseks eoborcaos pkmo`ks kjsorvcr nk`k ercb pcrto mo acs cnngkbos so ostãbmoscrrkaacbmk ob aks ùbgngpgks moa Bkrto mo Cbmcaunàc, ob oa torrgtkrgk quo cjcrnc ac^gorrc mo Crcnobc y ^gorrc @krobc, dcngobmk ub cbãagsgs `ãs oxdcustgvk pkrprkvgbngcs vo`ks quo aks ùbgngpgks quo nuobtcb nkb oa `cykr böòrk mo cnngkbos

skb6Ob ac prkvgbngc mo Fcçb6 Öjomc, Jcozc, oa ãroc òtrkpkagtcbc mo Fcçb, Jcóks mo ac

Obngbc y Cbmöfcr.

Ob ac prkvgbngc mo Nþrmkjc6 Aks ùbgngpgks mo Cmcùz y @kbtkrk quo sonkrrospkbmob nkb oa Xcrquo Bcturca mo ^gorrc mo Ncrmoóc y @kbtkrk, pkr ktrk acmk aksùbgngpgks mo Dkrbcnduoaks y \gaacvgngksc mo Nþrmkjc, ob nuyk ã`jgtk torrgtkrgca soobnuobtrc oa Xcrquo Bcturca ^gorrc mo Dkrbcnduoaks.

Ob Ercbcmc aks öbgnks ùbgngpgks mostcncjaos skb oa ãroc òtrkpkagtcbc mo acprkpgc ncpgtca y oa ùbgngpgk mo Cadc`c mo Ercbcmc, mkbmo so obnuobtrc oa XcrquoBcturca ^gorrcs mo ]ofomc, Ca`gfcrc y Cadc`c.

Ob Caòràc aks ùbgngpgks mo Jorfc, Cmrc y oa ãroc mo ac ncpgtca.Ob @ãacec6 @crjoaac, Zkbmc y Crndgmkbc.






-:<-




-:5-

NCXG]_AK =

XACBGLGNCNGÞB ]_ZG^]GNC OB AC XZK\GBNGC MO Ô\GAAC

=.3. ^G]_CNGÞB CN]_CA W CN]_CNGKBO^ ]_ZG^]GNC^ OB AC XZK\GBNGCOb acs mks öatg`cs mçncmcs oa turgs`k mo ac prkvgbngc dc oxporgòbtcmk ub luortonrong`gobtk, ob pcrto mojgmk ca moscrrkaak mo ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc c bgvoa ùbmgca ypcrtgnuacròbto mojgmk c quo o`pozcrkb c oxpaktcrso ronursks quo bk ak ostcjcb cprgbngpgks mo aks cóks bkvobtc y c ub dondk quo nkbtrgjuyþ obkròòbto quo luo acOxpksgngþb _bgvorsca moa 7:, osto ovobtk cyumþ c ac prk`kngþb moa mostgbk ôvgaac ob oaoxtorgkr y ercngcs c ça so nkbstruyorkb ercb ncbtgmcm mo gblrcostrunturcs monkùbgncngþb, cnnosgjgagmcm y cakfc`gobtk. ^g oxnaug`ks ac ncpgtca, aks ùbgngpgks mo acprkvgbngc so dcb gbnkrpkrcmk paobcòbto ca moscrrkaak turàstgnk c pcrtgr mo aks cóksbkvobtc, aks `cykros nrong`gobtks mo ac klortc so dcb prkmungmk ob aks bönaoks mo acNc`pgóc nkb rgquozc pctrg`kbgca y aks norncbks c ac ncpgtca.

Aks þrecbks eostkros pcrc ac pacbglgncngþb turàstgnc ob ôvgaac skb ac Mgputcngþb moôvgaac òmgcbto Xrkmotur pcrc tkmc ac prkvgbngc y oa Cyubtc`gobtk c trcvçs moaNkbskrngk mo ]urgs`k mo ôvgaac pcrc ac ncpgtca, c`jks nkacjkrcb ostrondcòbto ycntöcb jcfk acs mgrontrgnos mo ac Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k y Nkòrngk mo ac Fubtc mo Cbmcaunàc.

Mo tkmk oa torrgtkrgk quo cjcrnc ac prkvgbngc mo ôvgaac pkmo`ks mongr quo oa 48,7?%ostã cntucaòbto jcfk caeubc cntucngþb k pacb turàstgnk, mo aks 38? ùbgngpgks 48 soobnuobtrcb aaovcbmk c ncjk cnngkbos mo pacbglgncngþb turàstgnc, ac `cykràc mo oaaks sosgtöcb ob acs nk`crncs mo ac ^gorrc Bkrto, ac ^gorrc ûr y oa Nkrromkr mo ac Xactc, y obercb pcrto skb cnngkbos obnc`gbcmcs ca lkòbtk y prk`kngþb moa turgs`k rurca, pkrktrk acmk acs nk`crncs ob ac quo so ostãb aaovcbmk c ncjk òbks cnngkbos mo osto

tgpk skb oa Cafcrclo, ac nk`crnc mo Mkócbc-Eucmcaqugvgr y ac Nc`pgóc.Ostks pacbos soeöb su tgpkakeàc so mgvgmob ob6 Xacbos ]uràstgnks, Gbgngctgvc mo

Ngumcmos ]uràstgncs, Gbgngctgvc mo ]urgs`k ^kstobgjao, @ubgngpgk ]uràstgnk y Xacb moMgbc`gzcngþb moa prkmuntk ]uràstgnk, ac sgeugobto tcjac ùostrc `ãs motcaacmcòbtoostcs cntucngkbos6




-:4-

Xacbos y @ubgngpgksturàstgnks

Lgr`cbtos @ubgngpgks Gbvorsgþb tktca Londcmo lgr`c

Ostcmk

Xacb ]uràstgnk‑Zgjorcs moa

Eucmgcbc‐

Cyubtc`gobtk mo Cancaã moEucmcgrc

Cancaã mo Eucmcgrc >.888.888,88 ₡ 3:-3:-8? Ob moscrrkaak

Xacb ]uràstgnk Zutcmoa to`prcbgaak GG

lcso. C`pagcngþb moaXrkmuntk

Lubmcngþb pcrc oa moscrrkaak mo aksXuojaks mo ac Zutc moa ]o`prcbgaak

Ncscrgndo 3.8?=.3<<,<5 ₡ 3:-3:-8? Ob moscrrkaak

Xacb ]uràstgnk moNgumcmos @omgcs

Cskngcngþb Zom pcrc oa Moscrrkaak]uràstgnk mo acs Ngumcmos @omgcs

moa nobtrk mo Cbmcaunàc

Çngfc, Ostopc <.>=4.>>>,>> ₡ :3-3:-8? Lgbcagzcmk ob sutktcagmcm, caeubks

prkyontks bk so dcbofonutcmk

Xacb ]uràstgnk mo acNgumcm mo ôvgaac

Cyubtc`gobtk mo ôvgaac y acNkblomorcngþb O`proscrgca

ôvgaacbc

ôvgaac ::.888.888,88 ₡ =-38-8< Ob moscrrkaak, ostãprkerc`cmk quolgbcagno ob :83=

Xacb ]uràstgnk mo acNc`pgóc ]uràstgnc

Mgputcngþb Xrkvgbngca mo ôvgaac,Xrkmotur, ^.C. y ac Nkblomorcngþb

O`proscrgca ovgaacbc

Crcdca, Luobtos mo Cbmcaunàc,Acbtofuoac, @crndobc, @krþb,

Xcrcmcs, Aks @kacros

=.5=4.<:8,88 ₡ 3?-3:-8< Lgbcagzcmk ncsg obsu tktcagmcm,

caeubks prkyontksbk so aaovcrkb c

ncjk pkr prkjao`csprosupuostcrgks

Xacb ]uràstgnk

Cafcrclo Gbtorgkr

@cbnkùbgmcm mo Moscrrkaak y

Lkòbtk moa Cafcrclo y acNkblomorcngþb O`proscrgca

ôvgaacbc

Cajcgmc moa Cafcrclo, Caòbsgaac,

Jobcnczþb, Jkaauaaks mo ac@gtcngþb, Ncstgaaofc mo Euz`ãb,

Ncstgaaofc mo ac Nuostc,Ospcrtgbcs, Kagvcros, catorcs,^cbaöncr ac @cykr, ^cbtgpkbno,

_`jroto, \caobngbc mo acNkbnopngþb, \gaacbuovc moa

Crgsnca

=.>4?.8<8,88 ₡ =-3:-8< Ob moscrrkaak




-:7-

Xacb ]uràstgnk mo^gorrc @krobc

Cskngcngþb pcrc oa moscrrkaakGbtoerca moa torrgtkrgk mo ^gorrc

@krobc y MgputcngkbosXrkvgbngcaos mo Nþrmkjc, Duoavc,

Fcçb y ôvgaac

Cacbàs, Ca`cmçb mo ac Xactc,Nczcaac mo ac ^gorrc,

Nkbstcbtgbc, Eucmcancbca,Bcvcs mo ac Nkbnopngþb, OaXomrksk, Ac Xuojac mo aks

Gblcbtos, Oa Zoca mo ac Fcrc, ^cbBgnkaãs moa Xuortk

>.:4?.483,48 ₡ :5-3:-8< Ob moscrrkaak

Xacb ]uràstgnkBcturcaozc y

]rcmgngþb

Nkbskrngk \àc \ormo Caeã`gtcs, Nkrgpo, Oa Nkrkbga,@kbotoaacbk, @krþb mo ac

Lrkbtorc, Xrubc, Ac Xuojac monczcaac, Oa ^cunofk

:.343.434,88 ₡ 3:->-85 Ob moscrrkaak

Cntucngkbos pcrcg`puascr oa XrkmuntkZutc Jçtgnk Zk`cbc

@gbgstorgk mo Gbmustrgc, ]urgs`k yNkòrngk y ac Cskngcngþb moNgumcmos mo ac Zutc Jçtgnk

Zk`cbc

Ncr`kbc, Çngfc, Ac Augsgcbc,@crndobc, Ksubc, cbtgpkbno

:.>?>.4=<,3=₡ ::-3:-84 Ob moscrrkaak

GN] mo NkbfubtksDgstþrgnks mo

Cbmcaunàc

Cskngcngþb Zom mo NkbfubtksDgstþrgnks y mo Crqugtonturc

Xkpuacr mo Cbmcaunàc

Nkbstcbtgbc, Nczcaac mo ac^gorrc, Eucmcancbca

8,88 ₡ 3=-3:-85 Ob moscrrkaak

GN] moa ]o`prcbgaak Cskngcngþb Nobtrk moMgbc`gzcngþb Zurca Fksç @cràc

]o`prcbgaak

Jcmcactksc, Ncscrgndo =.:<3.>=5,:5 ₡ 3=-3:-85 Ob moscrrkaak

G]^ mo ^gorrc @krobc Cskngcngþb pcrc oa moscrrkaakGbtoerca moa torrgtkrgk mo ^gorrc

@krobc

Cacbàs, Ca`cmçb mo ac Xactc,Nczcaac mo ac ^gorrc,

Nkbstcbtgbc, Eucmcancbca,Bcvcs mo ac Nkbnopngþb, OaXomrksk, Ac Xuojac mo aks

Gblcbtos, Oa Zoca mo ac Fcrc, ^cbBgnkaãs moa Xuortk

3.8><.7<7,38 ₡ 3=-3:-85 Ob moscrrkaak




->8-

G]^ mo ac Lcfc Xgràtgncmoa urkostoXobgbsuacr

Cskngcngþb Gbtorprkvgbngca mo@ubgngpgks pcrc oa moscrrkaak moa]urgs`k ^kstobgjao mo ac Lcfc

Xgràtgnc

Czbcanþaacr, Ncstgajacbnk mo aks Crrkaaks, Oa Ncstgaak mo Acs

Eucrmcs, Oa Ecrrkjk, Eorobc,Oa @cmrkók, Oa Zkbqugaak

=.33:.5:5.:5 ₡ 3=-3:-85 Ob moscrrkaak

G]^ mo ac \oec moaEucmcaqugvgr

Cskngcngþb Nk`crnca Ercb \oecmo ôvgaac

Cancaã moa Zàk, Cankaoc moa Zàk,Ac Caecjc, Jrobos, Jureugaaks,Ncbtgaacbc, Eugaaobc, Akrc moaZàk, Xoóclakr, Ac Zgbnkbcmc,

]kngbc, \gaacbuovc moa Zàk y@gbcs, \gaacvormo moa Zàk

3:.5:5.:5:.5> ₡ 3=-3:-85 Ob moscrrkaak

G]^ Cbmcaunàc ob tus@cbks

Cskngcngþb ]uràstgnc mo acsNk`crncs mo Ostopc y ac ^gorrc

ûr ovgaacbc

Ceucmuano, Caeã`gtcs,Jcmkactksc, Ncscrgndo, AksNkrrcaos, Ostopc, Egaobc,

Dorrorc, Akrc mo Ostopc, @crtàbmo ac Fcrc, Ksubc, Xomrorc,

Xrubc, Ac Zkmc mo Cbmcaunàc,Oa Zujgk, Oa ^cunofk

=.?=?.=?=,?? ₡ :8-3:-38 Ob moscrrkaak porknkb jcfk bgvoa mo

ofonungþb

G]^ Eucmcaqugvgr cNcjcaak

Cskngcngþb mo Ngumcmos Cbmcauzcsmo ]urgs`k moa ncjcaak (CNC]N)

Mks Dor`cbcs, Çngfc 8,88 ₡ Xobmgobto molgr`c

Ob trã`gto

GN] mo acs Ngumcmos@omgcs moa Nobtrk mo

Cbmcaunàc

Cskngcngþb pcrc oa Moscrrkaak mo acOstrctoegc mo ]urgs`k kstojgjao

ob acs Ngumcmos @omgcs moa Nobtrk

mo Cbmcaunàc

Çngfc, Ostopc 8,88₡ Xobmgobto molgr`c

Ob trã`gto

G]^ Mkócbc Cskngcngþb pcrc oa moscrrkaak moatorrgtkrgk mo ac Nk`crnc mo Mkócbc

Czbcanãzcr, Gsac @cykr, Xgacs AcXuojac moa Zàk, \gaac`cbrgquo

mo ac Nkbmosc

<.<<<.<<<.<5 ₡ 3<-3:-38 Ob moscrrkaak porknkb jcfk bgvoa mo

ofonungþb




->3-

G]^ \àc vormo mo ac^gorrc

Lubmcngþb \àc \ormo mo ac ^gorrc Nkrgpo, Oa Nkrkbga, @kbtoaacbk,Xrubc

:.888.888,88 ₡ Mgn.:838

Ob moscrrkaak

Lgeurc =.3. Cntucngkbos turàstgncs ob ofonungþb ob ac prkvgbngc mo ôvgaac

Luobto6 Oacjkrcngþb prkpgc c pcrtgr mo mctks prkpkrngkbcmks pkr ac Moaoecngþb ]orrgtkrgca mo ]urgs`k y Nkòrngk mo ôvgaac, :83:




->:-

Ob ac sgeugobto g`ceob so puomo vor c ercbmos rcseks nk`k so mgstrgjuyob ob oatorrgtkrgk aks mglorobtos pacbos.

Lgeurc =.:. @cpc mo acs cntucngkbos turàstgncs ob ac prkvgbngc mo ôvgaac

Luobto6 Oacjkrcngþb prkpgc



]LE-]_Z. Xacbglgncngþb ]uràstgnc

->>-

@undcs mo acs cnngkbos quo so ostãb aaovcbmk c ncjk ob ac prkvgbngc ostãbkrgobtcmcs dcngc oa turgs`k rurca y mo bcturcaozc, ubc tgpkakeàc turàstgnc quo ostã obcueo soeöb mctks mo ac K@], pork ak ngortk os quo ob caeubks cspontks ôvgaac bkostã jgob pksgngkbcmc ob nucbtk c turgs`k nuaturca y mo bcturcaozc, bk os nk`potgtgvcob roacngþb nkb ktrks ospcngks sg`gacros moa rostk mo Cbmcaunàc.

Ob ac prkvgbngc mo ôvgaac oa turgs`k rurca y mo bcturcaozc so nkbnobtrc ob ac ^gorrcBkrto, ob ac ^gorrc ûr y oa ãroc mo Mkócbc y su obtkrbk, ngortk os quo oxgsto ubospcngk rurca jgob nkbsorvcmk y mo catc ncagmcm òmgkc`jgobtca pork oxgsto ubc lcatcmo klortc nk`paoòbtcrgc ob ostks mostgbks y ub tofgmk o`proscrgca cöb mçjga, poso caks gbtobtks moa ac Fubtc mo Cbmcaunàc mo lkòbtcr oa turgs`k rurca òmgcbto aks lkbmksourkpoks AOCMOZ. Ktrc mo acs rczkbos pkr acs quo oa turgs`k rurca bk tor`gbo momospoecr ob ac prkvgbngc os quo ac mo`cbmc os lubmcòbtcaòbto bcngkbca, ac nuca soobnuobtrc ob ub ostcmk mo ronosgþb mojgmk c ac nrgsgs onkbþ`gnc.

Ac Mgputcngþb mo ôvgaac c trcvçs mo XZKMO]_Z ostã trcjcfcbmk cmo`ãs ob vcrgkspacbos quo prkùovob mgvorsks prkmuntks turàstgnks6

Cprobmo tu prkvgbngc@uatgpagnc ac Auz

]orrgtkrgk ]krk

Dcy ktrc ôvgaac mkbmo oa lacòbnk to obvuoavo

Jgrmgbe ôvgaac, \àcs \ormos, \gbks, agnkros y cbgscmks

Dcy ktrc ôvgaac nkbstrugmc pkr ac dgstkrgc

Ncmc ubk mo oaaks ostã krgobtcmk c mglorobtos porlgaos mo turgstcs y nkbstgtuyob ubcoxnoaobto lkr`c mo c`pagcr y mgvorsglgncr ac klortc turàstgnc mo ac prkvgbngc.

=.:. OA NC^K MO AC NCXG]CA

Oxnoptk ac ncpgtca, oa turgs`k mo ac prkvgbngc os lubmcòbtcaòbto bcngkbca, sþak acsnk`crncs Nkrromkr mo ac Xactc, Cafcrclo, Nc`pgóc y Eucmcaqugvgr tgobo caek moprosobngc oxtrcbforc, mcmk oa `kòbtk ob quo so obnuobtrc Ospcóc, soràc `ãsnkbvobgobto gbvortgr ob zkbcs mo ercb mo`cbmc turàstgnc oxtrcbforc, nþ`k os ac ncpgtcay ob oa turgs`k urjcbk y nuaturca, ob oa öatg`k cók oa böòrk mo turgstcs oxtrcbforks dcsuporcmk ca mo turgstcs ospcókaos mojgmk c ac òfkrc mo ac onkbk`àc mo buostrksprgbngpcaos òrncmks mo krgeob oxtorgkros nk`k Cao`cbgc, Zogbk _bgmk, Lrcbngc kOO__. Cmo`ãs oa turgs`k urjcbk y nuaturca dc mo`kstrcmk sor ubc tgpkakeàc rosgstobtoc ac nrgsgs mojgmk c su `cykr mgvorsgmcm mo cntgvgmcmos, su cnnosgjgagmcm y quo suoao

rocagzcrso ob ostcbngcs `ãs nkrtcs, mcmc ac tobmobngc cntuca mo lrcnngkbcr acsvcncngkbos ob poquoóks vgcfos murcbto tkmk oa cók, osto tgpk mo turgs`k os ac kpngþbgmoca.

Xoso c quo ob :83: ac ngumcm rongjgþ ub :% òbks mo turgstcs, ac nglrc bk osmo`csgcmk boectgvc sg ac nk`pcrc`ks nkb ktrcs ngumcmos nk`k @cmrgm, mkbmo oamosnobsk dc sgmk moa =%. Ob oa ncsk mo ôvgaac osto mosnobsk so mojo c ac ncàmceoborca moa turgs`k bcngkbca, pkr ktrc pcrto ob turgs`k oxtrcbfork ob ac ngumcm ccuòbtcmk ub =%, ubc mo acs ncuscs roacngkbcmcs dc sgmk ac luorto ncàmc mo vgcforksob oa corkpuortk mo ôvgaac nkb ub 3>% y ncsg <88.888 `ga pcscforks. (Gblkrò cbucamoa `kvg`gobtk corkpkrtucrgk mo Cbmcaunàc, GONC, :83:).

Ktrc rczþb pcrc cpkstcr pkr oa turgs`k nuaturca ob ôvgaac os quo ob :83: luo ac

nucrtc ngumcm ospcókac `ãs vgsgtcmc pkr turgstcs bcngkbcaos y ac tornorc `ãs vgsgtcmcpkr turgstcs oxtrcbforks. (Àbmgno mo Xrongks Dktoaorks, GBO, :83:), cmo`ãs oa turgs`knuaturca clontc c dktoaos, trcbspkrtos, rostcurcngþb…pkr ak quo os oa pgacr jãsgnk mo aconkbk`àc mo ac ngumcm.




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Ncjo prostcr ubc ospongca òbngþb c ubc tgpk mo turgs`k roacngkbcmk nkb oaurjcbk-nuaturca y ob oa nuca ôvgaac so obnuobtrc jcstcbto jgob pksgngkbcmc, os oaturgs`k gmgk`ãtgnk, cntucaòbto ob cueo soeöb mctks mo ac K@].

Ob oa cók :838 ac Fubtc mo Cbmcaunàc oacjkrþ oa Xacb Ostrctçegnk moa ]urgs`kGmgk`ãtgnk nkb oa kjfotgvk mo prk`kngkbcr ostc tgpkakeàc turàstgnc ob Cbmcaunàc, ôvgaac

os ac =¶ ngumcm ospcókac ob ronopngþb mo ostumgcbtos quo aaoecb pcrc cprobmorospcóka, os ub turgs`k mo acrec ostcbngc, quo cyumc c oqugagjrcr ac ostcngkbcagmcm ynkb ub nk`pkbobto onkbþ`gnk g`pkrtcbto.

Cntucaòbto oa Cyubtc`gobtk c trcvçs Nkbskrngk mo ]urgs`k, ostã aaovcbmk c ncjkcntucngkbos pcrc oa moscrrkaak mo ac ngumcm ob `ctorgc turàstgnc, g`pagncbmk acoacjkrcngþb, ostrunturcngþb y eostgþb mo prkmuntks turàstgnks mo ôvgaac c òmgk paczk,nkb oa kjfotk mo gbnroòbtcr porbkntcngkbos, ac ncagmcm moa turgs`k ob ac ngumcm y acmosostcngkbcagzcngþb mo ac mo`cbmc, ostcs cntucngkbos sgeuob acs mgrontrgnos moa Xacb]uràstgnk mo ac Ngumcm mo ôvgaac.

Oa Xacb ]uràstgnk mo ac Ngumcm mo ôvgaac bcno nk`k lrutk moa nkbvobgk monkacjkrcngþb susnrgtk c lgbcaos moa cók :88< obtro ac Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k, Nkòrngk

y Mopkrto mo ac Fubtc mo Cbmcaunàc (mo ]urgs`k y Nkòrngk ob ac cntucagmcm), oa Cyubtc`gobtk mo ôvgaac y ac Nkblomorcngþb mo O`proscrgks mo ôvgaac, y so obnuobtrcofonutãbmkso mosmo obtkbnos. Oa kjfotgvk prgbngpca mo osto pacb os romosnujrgr,ostrunturcr y cntgvcr aks ctrcntgvks turàstgnks quo tgobo pkr klronor ac ngumcm, ùndks mooaaks pksoomkros mo ub ncrãntor gbçmgtk, y ostcjaongobmk oa ofo vortojrcmkr moa ZàkEucmcaqugvgr nk`k nk`pkbobto ostrctçegnk torrgtkrgca. (Nkbskrngk mo ]urgs`k moôvgaac, :83>).

Acs cntucngkbos `ãs mostcncjaos mo osto pacb skb6

Oa Nksturork mo ac Zogbc6 Nobtrk to`ãtgnk mo ac ôvgaac mo ac Oxpksgngþb moa :7.

Oa Ncstgaak mo ^cb Fkreo6 Nobtrk to`ãtgnk skjro ac gbqugsgngþb y ronuporcngþb

moa omglgngk òmgovca mo molobsc moa ràk.@uoaao mo Buovc Wkri.

^àeuoò ac nkrrgobto. so trctc mo ubc rom mo sgoto pcbtcacbos k poquoóksùoaaos pcrc o`jcrncngkbos turàstgncs y mo ronrok ob tkrbk c ]rgcbc --ob oa@uoaao mo acs Moagngcs, mo Buovc Wkri, ob oa Xcsok mo ac K, Ndcpgbc y ncaaoJotgs

Xrkmuntk ôvgaac Ngumcm mo ac Þporc6 Os ubc buovc lkr`c mo nkbknor ôvgaac,su ngumcm, su dgstkrgc y su nuaturc c trcvçs mo ac þporc.

Ktrks prkyontks provgstks skb oa Nobtrk mo Ctobngþb Gbtoerca ca \gsgtcbto @crquçsmo Nkbtcmork, nuycs kjrcs so provçb gbgngcr cbtos mo quo cncjo :83>, nkb ac gbtobngþb

mo cjrgrak ca pöjagnk c lgbcaos mo :83= y Oa Nobtrk mo Norã`gnc mo ]rgcbc, os oaprkyontk pobmgobto nuyc cporturc so cbubngc `ãs gb`gbobto. Oa nkbsofork mo ]urgs`kdc soócacmk quo obtro lgbcaos mo fubgk y prgbngpgks mo fuagk pkmràc ostcr lgbcaòbtocjgortk osto ospcngk, quo dc nkbtcmk nkb ubc gbvorsgþb mo =.8:8.888 ourks, ob oa quoso oxpkbmrã ac dgstkrgc y trcmgngþb calcrorc mo ]rgcbc. (Ourkpc Xross, :8 mo @cyk mo:83>).

Xkr ktrk acmk Xrkmotur y oa Nkbskrngk mo ]urgs`k mo ôvgaac dcb cnkrmcmk nkacjkrcry cnumgr mo lkr`c nkbfubtc c acs lorgcs y prosobtcngkbos ob òrncmks turàstgnksgbtorbcngkbcaos provgstcs ob sus rospontgvks pacbos mo prk`kngþb, csà `gs`k ostãbtrcjcfcbmk ob cnngkbos mo prk`kngþb ob oa òrncmk bcngkbca, ac `cykr pcrto mo ostcscnngkbos ostcrãb oblkncmcs ca soeòbtk mo turgs`k mo roubgkbos y nkberosks (@GNO),

pcrc ak quo c`jcs gbstgtungkbos so nkkrmgbcrãb nkb oa —ôvgaac Nkbeross cbmNkbvobtgkb Jurocu‗ (^NNJ) c olontks mo su pacbglgncngþb y moscrrkaak nkbfubtk. Mo

http://www.sevillacb.com/









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ostc lkr`c, oa Cyubtc`gobtk mo ôvgaac y ac Mgputcngþb protobmob ctobmor ac mo`cbmcmoa sontkr turàstgnk o`proscrgca mo ac prkvgbngc.

Ac Mgputcngþb vc c rocagzcr ub tktca mo <8 cntucngkbos ob :83> ob oa òrncmkbcngkbca o gbtorbcngkbca òmgcbto oa Xacb mo Cnngþb mo Xrk`kngþb ]uràstgnc mo acprkvgbngc mo ôvgaac, nkb cnngkbos nk`k csgstobngcs c lorgcs mo soeòbtks osponàlgnks

k mo ùatgsoeòbtks, prosobtcngkbos moa mostgbk, `gsgkbos nkòrngcaos yprosobtcngkbos gbstgtungkbcaos y nkberosks. (sovgaacmgrontk.nk`, 84 mo `cyk mo :83>).




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->5-

NCXG]_AK ?

NKBNA_^GKBO^

Mosmo aks nk`gobzks mo ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc ob Ospcóc skb ùndcs acs aàbocs mocntucngþb quo dcb soeugmk acs mglorobtos pkaàtgncs turàstgncs ob nucbtk c pacbglgncngþb,ncmc ubc mo oaacs nkb ubks kjfotgvks quo rolaofcb ac vgsgþb y oa nkbnoptk quo acskngomcm y acs cm`gbgstrcngkbos tobàcb moa turgs`k ob ncmc otcpc nkbnrotc. Ostc vgsgþbmoa turgs`k dc pcscmk mo nkbsgmorcrak nk`k ub sg`pao òmgk mo kjtobngþb mo mgvgscspcrc dcnor lrobto c acs bonosgmcmos lgbcbngorcs mo ac onkbk`àc ospcókac, ob acs quoacs pkaàtgncs turàstgncs ostcjcb nobtrcmcs ob kjfotgvks òrcòbto nucbtgtctgvks nkb oaturgs`k mo ska y pacyc nk`k öbgnc catorbctgvc dcstc nkbsgmorcr ca turgs`k nk`k sontkrnacvo mo buostrc onkbk`àc y ob oa quo so cpuostc pkr ac ncagmcm, oa moscrrkaakskstobgjao y ac mgvorsglgncngþb mo ac klortc.

]rcs dcjor cbcagzcmk tkmks aks pacbos y cntucngkbos turàstgncs aaovcmcs c ncjk obOspcóc pkr acs mglorobtos cm`gbgstrcngkbos mosmo prgbngpgks mo sgeak TT dcstc

buostrks màcs pkmo`ks mgstgbeugr ubc sorgo mo otcpcs6

_bc prgòrc otcpc so pkmràc gmobtglgncr mosmo prgbngpgks moa sgeak TT dcstc acmçncmc mo aks ?8,ca prgbngpgk mo ostc otcpc cubquo ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc ncronàc moroaovcbngc nk`k sontkr onkbþ`gnk c tobor ob nuobtc acs cutkrgmcmos, nkbsngobtos moapktobngca onkbþ`gnk quo pkmàc supkbor mongmgorkb mktcr c ac cm`gbgstrcngþb moþrecbks momgncmks ca lkòbtk moa turgs`k, prgòrk luo ac Nk`gsgþb Bcngkbca ob 378?`ãs tcrmo ac Nk`gscràc Zoegc y lgbcaòbto oa Xctrkbctk @ubgngpca mo ]urgs`k quoostuvk ob lubngkbc`gobtk dcstc oa ostcaagmk mo ac Euorrc Ngvga Ospcókac ob 37><.

Ostks þrecbks suregorkb nk`k rospuostc moa ekjgorbk c acs bonosgmcmos moao`proscrgcmk, nk`k pksgjgagmcm mo eoborcngþb mo buovks gberosks c ac voz quo somcjc c nkbknor oa pcàs ob oa oxtrcbfork, ob ostc otcpc so pujagncrkb acs prgòrcsbkr`cs roeuacmkrcs moa dkspomcfo y tc`jgçb so aaovcrkb c ncjk acs prgòrcs cnngkbosmo nkbsorvcngþb mo ac rgquozc pctrg`kbgca y crtàstgnc.

]rcs ac Euorrc Ngvga oa pcàs so obnkbtrcjc ob sgtucngþb mo pksteuorrc y mocgsac`gobtk gbtorbcngkbca, luorkb cóks ùy murks pcrc ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc y bk luodcstc aks cóks ngbnuobtc nucbmk so prkmunob aks prgòrks sàbtk`cs mo moscrrkaakturàstgnk

ô pkmràc soócacr nk`k soeubmc otcpc oa porgkmk quo so moscrrkaac c pcrtgr mo acmçncmc mo aks ngbnuobtc dcstc ac Nkbstgtungþb mo 3754. Ostc soeubmc otcpc nk`gobzc37?3 so nroþ oa @gbgstorgk mo Gblkr`cngþb y ]urgs`k, ob osto buovk porgkmk ac pkaàtgncturàstgnc so nobtrcjc ob cntgvgmcmos mo gblkr`cngþb ostrondcòbto vgbnuacmcs ca

cpcrctk prkpcecbmàstgnk mo ac mgntcmurc, so nkbsgmorcjc ca turgs`k nk`k ub òmgk mokjtobngþb mo mgvgscs pcrc dcnor lrobto c acs bonosgmcmos lgbcbngorcs mo Ospcóc, ostcscntucngkbos gbtobtcjcb mcr ub ostàùak c acs aaoecmcs mo turgstcs òmgcbto ubc pkaàtgncmo prongks jcfks. Ac aoegsacngþb orc oxnosgvcòbto `gbungksc o gbtorvobngkbgstc, cposcr mo acs rostrgnngkbos so prkmuno ub luorto nrong`gobtk mo ac mo`cbmc.

Os ob ac mçncmc mo aks <8 nucbmk so prkmuno ac ercb oxpcbsgþb moa lobþòbkturàstgnk ob Ospcóc, nkbvgrtgçbmkso ob ubk mo aks `ktkros prgbngpcaos mo buostrconkbk`àc, oa kjfotgvk orc kjtobor oa `cykr nrong`gobtk pksgjao ob tçr`gbksnucbtgtctgvks, buostrc klortc ostcjc jcscmc prgbngpcaòbto ob oa `kmoak turàstgnk mo skay pacyc, c osto nrong`gobtk nkbtrgjuyþ obtro ktrcs nkscs quo so sg`paglgncrkb akstrã`gtos mo cmucbcs y vgscmks.

Mosmo òmgcmks mo aks <8 c lgbcaos mo aks 58 so aaovcb c ncjk aks prgòrks gbtobtksg`pkrtcbtos mo pacbglgncngþb moa turgs`k c bgvoa bcngkbca, so prkùaec ac Aoy mo Vkbcsy Nobtrks mo Gbtorçs ]uràstgnk Bcngkbca (37<>), , ostc tobàc pkr kjfotk ac krmobcngþbturàstgnc moa torrgtkrgk bcngkbca pkr òmgk mo ac pacbglgncngþb y moscrrkaak mo aks Nobtrks




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y Vkbcs mo Gbtorçs ]uràstgnk, ak supusk ubc ovgmobto gbtorvobngþb mo ac Cm`gbgstrcngþbskjro oa moscrrkaak mo caeubks ospcngks turàstgnks krmobcbmk su pacboc`gobtkurjcbàstgnk y mktcbmk mo aks oqugpc`gobtks prongsks, pork ostc krmobcngþb bk luo ùycmonucmc, pkr ak quo aks g`pcntks c`jgobtcaos ob ùndks ncsks luorkb ùy ercvos.

ô pkmràc vgbnuacr oa gbgngk mo ac tornorc otcpc ob oa moscrrkaak mo ac pacbglgncngþb

turàstgnc ob Ospcóc nkb ac prkùaecngþb mo ac Nkbstgtungþb mo 3754, ob ac quo acsnk`potobngcs ob `ctorgc mo prk`kngþb y krmobcngþb moa turgs`k ob su ã`jgtktorrgtkrgca skb trcspcscmcs c acs Nkùbgmcmos Cutþbk`cs. ô trctc mo ub buovkporgkmk quo obtro ktrcs nkscs gbtobtc krmobcr y prktoeor oa torrgtkrgk moa moscrrkaakturàstgnk mosòsurcmk prkmungmk ob mçncmcs cbtorgkros, òmgcbto ac prkùaecngþb mobkr`cs y aoyos nk`k ac Aoy mo Nkstcs (3744) k ac Aoy mo Nkbsorvcngþb mo OspcngksBcturcaos (3747).

Ob ostc otcpc so aaovcrkb c ncjk aks Xacbos @crnk mo Nk`potgtgvgmcm Luturos G yLuturos GG, ostks pacbos moscrrkaacrkb trcs ac mglànga nkyubturc quo ctrcvosþ oa turgs`kospcóka c lgbcaos mo ac mçncmc mo aks 48 y prgbngpgks mo aks 78 nkb ub mosnobsk ob acncagmcm mo aks prkmuntks y ub motorgkrk ob ac g`ceob mo aks mostgbks ospcókaos pcrc

aks òrncmks o`gskros, ak quo aaovþ c ubc pçrmgmc mo nk`potgtgvgmcm lrobto c ktrksmostgbks. Ostks pacbos tobàcb nk`k kjfotgvk ronuporcr oa prktcekbgs`k ob aksòrncmks gbtorbcngkbcaos y òfkrcr ac nk`potgtgvgmcm turàstgnc c trcvçs mo aks XO], quoso nobtrcjcb `ãs ob ac rovgtcagzcngþb mo mostgbks `cmurks y aks XM] nuyc òtcprgbngpca orc ac cntgvcngþb onkbþ`gnc y pktobngcngþb mo mostgbks oòreobtos.

Nk`k pcrtgnuacrgmcm mo ostks pacbos ob roacngþb c aks cbtorgkros pkmo`ks mongr quosobtcrkb acs jcsos mo ub buovk `kmoak mo roacngkbos y mo nkkporcngþb obtro acsmglorobtos cm`gbgstrcngkbos y aks ceobtos roacngkbcmks nkb ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc.

Nkb oa XGN]O (:888-:88<) so gbgngc ubc buovc otcpc nuyk pgacr jãsgnk os oankbnoptk mo ncagmcm, osto pacb so moscrrkaac ob ub obtkrbk mo ubgmcm `kbotcrgc y monkbvoreobngc onkbþ`gnc y skngca nkb aks prgbngpcaos òrncmks o`gskros mojgmk c ac

g`pacbtcngþb moa Ourk, Ospcóc dc ronuporcmk su pksgngþb mo agmorczek y cdkrc os oa`kòbtk mo nkbskagmcr ostc pksgngþb òmgcbto oa prgbngpgk mo ncagmcm, osto sustgtuyonk`k nkbnoptk jãsgnk ca mo nk`potgtgvgmcm. Osto nkbnoptk mo ncagmcm gbtoerca cjcrncac ncagmcm ob aks mostgbks turàstgnks tcbtk nk`k c ac mo aks prkmuntks, aks sontkroso`proscrgcaos, y ac lkr`cngþb mo aks ronursks du`cbks.

Ac rczþb mo ac cpuostc pkr ac ncagmcm so mojo c acs prklubmcs trcbslkr`cngkboscncongmcs rongobtoòbto ob oa osnobcrgk turàstgnk eakjca obtro acs quo mostcncb aksnc`jgks ob aks nk`pkrtc`gobtks y acs prolorobngcs mo ac mo`cbmc. ^cbtks yLorbãbmoz (:838).

Ostc`ks cbto ub buovk tgpk mo turgstc, ub turgstc quo `cbglgostc buovcs `ktgvcngkbos,quo prosobtc nk`pkrtc`gobtks mglorobtos c aks trcmgngkbcaos y quo cmo`ãs dc oaovcmk

su bgvoa mo oxgeobngc nkb rospontk c mostgbks y prkmuntks. (Mudcòa y \gkagor, :887). Cntucaòbto c poscr mo ac mglànga sgtucngþb onkbþ`gnc ob ac quo bks obnkbtrc`ks, oa

sontkr turàstgnk c mo`kstrcmk sor oa quo òfkr ostã rosgstgobmk, Ospcóc tgobo oaagmorczek ùbmgca ob turgs`k, sgobmk oa prgòr mostgbk moa ùbmk ob turgs`kvcncngkbca, oa soeubmk pcàs pkr ecstk turàstgnk y oa nucrtk pkr oa böòrk mo turgstcs. Accntgvgmcm turàstgnc supkbo `ãs mo ub 38% moa XGJ, nroc ub 33% moa o`paok ynkbtrcrrostc ob ercb òmgmc buostrk mçlgngt nkòrngca. ^gb o`jcrek ob aks öatg`kscóks Ospcóc dc sulrgmk ubc pçrmgmc g`pkrtcbto mo nk`potgtgvgmcm y ac skstobgjgagmcmonkbþ`gnc, skngca y òmgkc`jgobtca mo buostrk `kmoak turàstgnk ostã ob obtromgndk moncrc ca luturk. Xkr oaak ob oa Xacb Dkrgzkbto :8:8 cpcronob aks buovks Xacbos moNk`potgtgvgmcm moa Xrkmuntk ]uràstgnk (XNX]), ak quo sgebglgnc quo mospuçs mo ubks

cóks ob aks quo ac ncagmcm orc oa nkbnoptk lubmcòbtca vkavo`ks ca nkbnoptk monk`potgtgvgmcm.




->7-

Dc quomcmk pctobto quo ac cntgvgmcm turàstgnc dc sgmk mosmo òmgcmks moa sgeak TTub pgacr jãsgnk pcrc oa moscrrkaak mo buostrc onkbk`àc y ubc nkrrontc pacbglgncngþbjcscmc ob nrgtorgks mo ncagmcm y moscrrkaak skstobgjao os g`prosngbmgjao pcrc `cbtoborbuostrc pksgngþb mo agmorczek c bgvoa ùbmgca. Bks obnkbtrc`ks ob ubc otcpc ob acquo bk sþak so tgobo nkbstcbngc paobc mo quo oa turgs`k os ub sontkr ùy g`pkrtcbto,sgbk quo ob ac sgtucngþb mo nrgsgs ob quo ostã su`gmc oa pcàs so cpuostc pkr oa turgs`knk`k ofo ostrctçegnk mo moscrrkaak quo puomo nkacjkrcr ob ercb òmgmc c ac òfkrconkbþ`gnc moa pcàs.






-=3-

Jgjagkerclàc

Caògmc Ecrnàc, Lorbcbmk (:83:)6 ‑Ac Xkaàtgnc ]uràstgnc ob Ospcóc y Xkrtueca‐, Nucmorbks mo]urgs`k, >8, 7->=.

Jcyþb @crgbç, Lorbcbmk (3777)6 ?8 cóks moa turgs`k ospcóka6 ub cbãagsgs dgstþrgnk yostrunturca , @cmrgm, Nobtrk mo Ostumgks Zc`þb Cronos.

Jugtrcek Osqugbcs, Ovc @cràc (3774)6 ‑Oa turgs`k ob Cbmcaunàc‐, G Nkberosk mo NgobngcZoegkbca mo Cbmcaunàc6 Cbmcaunàc ob oa u`jrca moa sgeak TTG, _bgvorsgmcm mo ôvgaac.

Ncas Eñoa, F. (375=)6 ]urgs`k y pkaàtgnc turàstgnc ob Ospcóc6 ubc cprkxg`cngþb. Omgtkrgca Crgoa.Jcrnoakbc.

Nkbsoforàc mo Onkbk`àc y Dcngobmc, Mgronngþb Eoborca mo ]urgs`k, y Nkblomorcngþb moO`proscrgks mo Cbmcaunàc (377:)6 Xacb Gbtoerca moa ]urgs`k ob Cbmcaunàc (Xacb MGC), Fubtcmo Cbmcaunàc, ôvgaac.

Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k Nkòrngk y Mopkrto (:885)6 Oa Xacb Eoborca mo ]urgs`k ^kstobgjao mo Cbmcaunàc :884-:833.

Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k y Mopkrto (:88>)6 Xacb Eoborca mo turgs`k mo Cbmcaunàc, mgcebþstgnk.

Nkbsoforàc mo ]urgs`k, Nkòrngk y Mopkrto (:83:)6 GG Fkrbcmcs Xacb G]^ \oec moaEucmcaqugvgr.

Monrotk >4/:83>, mo 37 mo `crzk, pkr oa quo so cpruojc ac lkrùacngþb moa Xacb Eoborca moa]urgs`k ^kstobgjao mo Cbmcaunàc :83=-:8:8. (JKFC Jkaotàb böòrk ?7 mo :</8>/:83>).

Moaoecngþb Xrkvgbngca mo Lkòbtk, \gvgobmc, Nkòrngk y ]urgs`k (:83>), Mkssgor mo pacbosturàstgnks mo ac prkvgbngca mo ôvgaac y prosupuostks. (ob probsc)

Mgronngþb eoborca mo ]urgs`k, (3774)6 Xacbos mo Oxnoaobngc y Mgbc`gzcngþb ]uràstgnc. Omgngþb6ônrotcràc Eoborca ]çnbgnc, Nobtrk mo Xujagncngkbos y Mknuòbtcngþb moa @gbgstorgk moonkbk`àc y Dcngobmc. @cmrgm.

Mudcòa, X. y \gkagor, X. (:887)6 ]kurgsò ot agtkrca6 ub obfou mu `kbmo. Xcrgs, Omgngkbos Joagb.

Oankrrokwoj.os, ‑ôvgaac norrcrã oa cók nkb ub :% òbks mo turgstcs‐dttp6//oankrrokwoj.os/:83:/3:/37/sovgaac-norrcrc-oa-cbk-nkb-ub-:-òbks-mo-turgstcs/ (:8 mo@cyk mo :83>).

Ostovo ôncaa, Z. y Luobtos Ecrnàc, Z (:888 )6 Onkbk`àc, dgstkrgc o gbstgtungkbos moa turgs`k obOspcóc. @cmrgm, Om. Xgrã`gmo

Lorbãbmoz, C9 Ekbzãaoz FG9 ^cbtks, O (:88=)6 @cbuca mo Eostgþb Aknca moa ]urgs`k6 Mgrontrgnospcrc Ceobtos Xöjagnks ob ac Xrkvgbngc mo ôvgaac. ôvgaac, Ospcóc. ]urgs`k mo ac Xrkvgbngcmo ôvgaac ^.C. :88=. :7<

Lorbãbmoz ]cjcaos, C (:88=)6 ‑]urgs`k y krmobcngþb moa torrgtkrgk‐ Sucmorbs mo Xkaàtgnc

Onkbú`gnc. Zovgstc oaontrúbgnc. :ª çpknc. \ka. 5.Lkrkbmc Zkjaos, N. y Ecrnàc Aþpoz, C.@. (:887)6 ‑Ac cpuostc pkr ac ncagmcm nk`k oaoòbtk

mglorobngcmkr ob aks mostgbks turàstgnks6 Xacbos robkvcmks‐. Nucmorbks mo ]urgs`k :>, pp.47-338.

GN]O (:884)6 Ncagmcm turàstgnc. dttp6//www.ncagmcmturgstgnc.os/gbmox.cspx

GOC, Gbstgtutk mo Ostcmàstgncs mo Cbmcaunàc (:83>)6 Obnuostc mo Nkyubturc ]uràstgnc mo Cbmcaunàc (ON]C)

GBO, Gbstgtutk Bcngkbca mo Ostcmàstgnc (:83>)6 Obnuostc mo knupcngþb dktoaorc.

Gbstgtutk mo Ostcmàstgnc y Ncrtkerclàc mo Cbmcaunàc GONC, Gblkrò cbuca moa `kvg`gobtkcorkpkrtucrgk mo Cbmcaunàc (:83>).

@crndobc, @9 Lorbãbmoz, C9 \orc, L9 ^cbtks, O (3777)6 Ceobmc pcrc Xacbglgncmkros Akncaos.]urgs`k ^kstobgjao y Eostgþb @ubgngpca. Omgngþb pcrc C`çrgnc Actgbc y oa Ncrgjo. @cmrgm.Krecbgzcngþb @ubmgca moa ]urgs`k. 3777. 3?<

http://elcorreoweb.es/2012/12/19/sevilla-cerrara-el-ano-con-un-2-menos-de-turistas/

http://elcorreoweb.es/2012/12/19/sevilla-cerrara-el-ano-con-un-2-menos-de-turistas/




@gbgstorgk mo Gbmustrgc Nkòrngk y ]urgs`k. ônrotcràc Eoborca mo ]urgs`k (:885)6 Mknuòbtkofonutgvk ]urgs`k :8:8.

@krobk Ecrrgmk, C (:885)6 Dgstkrgc moa turgs`k ob Ospcóc ob oa sgeak TT . Omgtkrgca ^àbtosgs.@cmrgm.

K@] (3774 ) Xorspontgvos kb ]kurgs`.K@], @cmrgm

Xçroz Lorbãbmoz, Fksç @cbuoa (:883)6 ‑Ac Xacbglgncngþb mo ub moscrrkaak turàstgnk skstobgjao6 Oa`kmoak csturgcbk‐ . Kvgomk.

Xkrtca woj mo ac Fubtc mo Cbmcaunàc, dttp6//www.fubtcmocbmcaungc.os

Zgvcs Ecrnàc, Fosös y @cecmãb Màcz, @crtc, (:885)6 Xacbglgncngþb ]uràstgnc y Moscrrkaak^kstobgjao. ôpto` Omgngkbos, Kvgomk.

^cbtks Xcvþb. O y Lorbãbmoz ]cjcaos, C (:838)6 ‑Oa agtkrca turàstgnk ospcóka ob ac obnrungfcmc6obtro ac robkvcngþb y oa nkbtgbugs`k‐. Nucmorbks mo ]urgs`k, b¶ :? , (:838)9 pp. 34?-:8<

ônrotcràc Eoborca mo ]urgs`k (377:)6 Xacb L_]_ZO^ 377:-377<, @cmrgm.

ônrotcràc Eoborca mo ]urgs`k,(377<)6 Xacb L_]_ZO^ 377<-:888, @cmrgm.

ôvgaacmgrontk.nk`, ‑Xrkmotur y ]urgs`k mo ôvgaac oacjkrcb ub pacb nkbfubtk mo prk`kngþb oxtorgkr ‐, dttp6//www.sovgaacmgrontk.nk`/prkmotur-y-turgs`k-mo-sovgaac-oacjkrcb-ub-pacb-nkbfubtk-mo-prk`kngkb-oxtorgkr/ (84 mo `cyk mo :83>)

]urospcóc (:888)6 Mknuòbtk ofonutgvk moa XGN]O

]urospcóc (:838). Ostumgk mo Xrkmuntks ]uràstgnks. ]urgs`k Gmgk`ãtgnk (:887).

\caaofk Xkuscmc, Z. (:88:)6 ‑Onkbk`àc o dgstkrgc moa turgs`k ospcóka moa sgeak TT‐, DgstkrgcNkbto`pkrãboc, b¶ :?, pp.:8>-:>:.

http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/

http://www.sevilladirecto.com/prodetur-y-turismo-de-sevilla-elaboran-un-plan-conjunto-de-promocion-exterior/




http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/

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