Pract. de Equil. Quimi. Ejercicios de Prop.colig

7/24/2019 Pract. de Equil. Quimi. Ejercicios de Prop.colig

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EFECTO DE LA CONCENTRACIN Y DE LA TEMPERATURA

OBJETIVOS

Fijar el conce!o "e e#$ili%rio #$&'ico 'e"ian!e el e(!$"io

e)eri'en!al "e "i(!in!a( 'e*cla( "e reacci+n,

O%(er-ar c+'o la( 'e*cla( alcan*an "i(!in!o( $n!o( "e e#$ili%rio,

O%(er-ar c+'o (e $e"e 'o"i.car el e(!a"o "e e#$ili%rio al!eran"o

con"icione( !ale( co'o concen!raci+n "e la( ($(!ancia( i'lica"a(/

!e'era!$ra/ e!c,

INTRODUCCIN

To"a( la( reaccione( #$&'ica( (on en reali"a" (i(!e'a( en e#$ili%rio

"in0'ico/ #$e a -ece( (e "e(la*an or co'le!o en $n "e!er'ina"o

(en!i"o/ e( "ecir/ aarecen co'o irre-er(i%le( "e%i"o a la(

con"icione( en #$e (e reali*an, No o%(!an!e/ (e $e"e ac!$ar (o%re

e(!a( reaccione( "e 'o"o #$e (e in-ier!a el roce(o/ a$n#$e e(!e

e1ec!o (ea "i1&cil "e con(e2$ir 3 areciar en al2$na( reaccione( #$e(e con(i"eran co'4n'en!e irre-er(i%le(,

En e(!a e)eriencia e(!$"iare'o(/ c$ali!a!i-a'en!e/ al2$no( a(ec!o(

r0c!ico( "el e#$ili%rio #$&'ico, Para ello5

6 E)eri'en!are'o( con $na reacci+n #$&'ica re-er(i%le 3

colorea"a,


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6 Co'ro%are'o( la re-er(i%ili"a" "e la 'i('a o%(er-an"o lo(

ca'%io( "e color #$e !ienen l$2ar al 'o"i.car la concen!raci+n "e

reac!i-o( 3 ro"$c!o(,

6 Veri.care'o( #$e el (en!i"o "e a-ance "e la reacci+n ene#$ili%rio !ien"e a con!rarre(!ar lo( ca'%io( in!ro"$ci"o(/ "e ac$er"o

con lo re-i(!o or el rinciio "e Le C7a!elier,

FUNDAMENTO DE LA PRCTICA

La 'a3or&a "e la( reaccione( #$&'ica( (on reaccione( re-er(i%le(, Tan

ron!o (e 1or'an al2$na( 'ol8c$la( "e ro"$c!o/ co'ien*a el

roce(o in-er(o5 e(!a( 'ol8c$la( reaccionan 3 1or'an 'ol8c$la( "ereac!i-o, El e#$ili%rio #$&'ico (e alcan*a c$an"o la( -eloci"a"e( "e

la( reaccione( "irec!a e in-er(a (e i2$alan 3 la( concen!racione(

ne!a( "e reac!i-o( 3 ro"$c!o( er'anecen con(!an!e(,

En e(!a e)eriencia (e re!en"e -i($ali*ar el conce!o "e e#$ili%rio

#$&'ico $!ili*an"o lo( ca'%io( "e color #$e (e ro"$cen en $na

reacci+n #$&'ica re-er(i%le 3 colorea"a, La reacci+n ele2i"a e( la

1or'aci+n "el i+n co'lejo 7e)a9i(:!iociana!o;1erra!o :III;/

?@ "e color rojo (an2re, E(!e i+n co'lejo (e 1or'a

'e*clan"o $na "i(ol$ci+n !ran(aren!e "e !iociana!o "e o!a(io/

SCN/ con o!ra "e clor$ro "e 7ierro :III;/ FeCl?/ "e color a'arillo

claro, Lo( ione( !iociana!o/ SCN@/ reaccionan con lo( ione( 7ierro :III;/

Fe?/ "an"o l$2ar al i+n ?@ "e color rojo, El e#$ili%rio

"in0'ico #$e (e e(!a%lece en!re lo( !re( ione( e(!0 "a"o or5

La in!en(i"a" "el color rojo no( in"ica/ "e 'anera c$ali!a!i-a/ la

can!i"a" "el i+n ?@ en la 'e*cla en e#$ili%rio,

En e(!a r0c!ica/ reali*are'o( "i-er(o( ca'%io( "e

concen!raci+n "e reac!i-o( 3 ro"$c!o( :a"ici+n 3 ($(!racci+n "e

'a!eria; en la reacci+n arri%a in"ica"a, O%(er-an"o lo( ca'%io( "e

color co'ro%are'o( la re-er(i%ili"a" "e la 'i('a/ 3 anali*are'o(


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en #$8 (en!i"o a-an*ar0 la reacci+n c$an"o (e al!era la (i!$aci+n "e

e#$ili%rio co'o con(ec$encia "e lo( ca'%io( in!ro"$ci"o(,

Materiales y Reactivos

Va(o "e recii!a"o ra"illa !$%o( "e en(a3o Pie!a Tiociana!o "e o!a(io/ :SCN;ac/ / M Clor$ro "e 7ierro :III;/ :FeCl?;ac/ / M Gi"r+)i"o "e (o"io :NaOG;ac/ H M ci"o clor7&"rico :GCl;ac/ / M

PROCEDIMIENTOS

En $n -a(o "e recii!a"o( "e H 'L (e a"icionan/ or e(!e

or"en5

6 'L "e $na "i(ol$ci+n "e FeCl?/ M 3 'L "e $na "i(ol$ci+n

"e SCN / M,

6 Dil$ir e(!a 'e*cla con 'L "e a2$a con o%je!o "e "i('in$ir

la in!en(i"a" "el color 3 o"er o%(er-ar '0( 10cil'en!e lo(

ca'%io( "el 'i('o, A2i!ar con $na -arilla "e -i"rio ara

1acili!ar la reacci+n #$&'ica,

Prearar c$a!ro !$%o( "e en(a3o li'io( 3 a"icionar/ a ca"a $no

"e ello(/ 'L "e la "i(ol$ci+n reara"a, Aa"ir 'L

:aro)i'a"a'en!e H 2o!a(; "e $na "i(ol$ci+n "e FeCl? / M al

ri'ero 3/ al (e2$n"o/ 'L "e $na "i(ol$ci+n "e SCN / M, Al

!ercer !$%o (e le aa"e NaOG H M 7a(!a o%(er-ar la aarici+n "e $n


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(+li"o 'arr+n6roji*o #$e #$e"a "i(er(o en la "i(ol$ci+n, El c$ar!o

!$%o (ir-e co'o re1erencia a lo( o!ro( !re(,

1 mL FeCl3(ac) 1 mL KSCN(ac) NaOH(ac)

(1 (! (" (#

Co'arar la in!en(i"a" rela!i-a "el i+n co'lejo en ca"a $no "e

lo( !re( !$%o( "e en(a3o e in!erre!ar la( o%(er-acione( alican"o el

principio de Le Chatelier,

POST LABORATORIO,

1$%En$ncie el Princiio "e Le C7a!elier,

!$% K$8 "a!o( e)eri'en!ale( "e'$e(!ran #$e el e#$ili%rio (e

"e(la*a al a"icionar5 :a; FeCl?:ac; al !$%o 1/ :%; SCN:ac; al !$%o 23:c; NaOG:ac; H M al !$%o 3

"$% U!ilice elprincipio de Le Chtelierara e)licar en #$8 (en!i"o

(e "e(la*a el e#$ili%rio co'o con(ec$encia "e la a"ici+n FeCl?:ac;,

#$% E(cri%a la reacci+n #$e !iene l$2ar al aa"ir la "i(ol$ci+n "e

NaOG:ac; H M a la 'e*cla en e#$ili%rio 3 e)li#$e/ (e24n el principio

de Le Chtelier/ el (en!i"o "e a-ance "e la reacci+n,


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EJERCICIOS DE PROPIEDADES COLIATIVAS

, Calc$lar el $n!o "e e%$llici+n "e $na (ol$ci+n "e 2 "e

an!icon2elan!e e!ilen2licol :CHG=OH; en 2 "e a2$a :e%

/H CQ';, R(5 /? CH, $8 concen!raci+n 'olQ2 "e (acaro(a en a2$a (e nece(i!a

ara ele-ar ($ $n!o "e e%$llici+n en /? C :e% /H CQ' 3

!e'era!$ra "e e%$llici+n "el a2$a C;, R(5 H/ 'olal,?, Se "i($el-en /H 2 "e re(orcina en /? 2 "e a2$a 3 la

(ol$ci+n 7ier-e a /C, Calc$lar la 'a(a 'olar "e

re(orcina/ e% "el a2$a e( /H CQ', R(5 /H 2Q'ol, Si (e "i($el-en /= 2 "e C=G?en 2 "e %en*ol/ (e o%(er-a

$na ele-aci+n en el $n!o "e e%$llici+n "el %en*ol "e /== C,

En %a(e a e(!o( "a!o( calc$le e% "el %en*ol, R(5 H/= CQ'olal, Calc$lar el $n!o "e con2elaci+n "e $na (ol$ci+n "e 2 "e

an!icon2elan!e e!ilen2licol :CHG=OH;/ en 2 "e a2$a :c

/= CQ'olal; R(5 ?,?? C=, Una "i(ol$ci+n ac$o(a con!iene el a'ino0ci"o 2licina

:NGHCGHCOOG;, S$onien"o #$e e(!e a'ino0ci"o no ioni*a/

calc$le la 'olali"a" "e la "i(ol$ci+n (i (e con2ela a 6/ C,

:a2$a5 con(!an!e crio(c+ica /= CQ'olal $n!o "e

con2elaci+n C;, R(5 / 'olal, Una (ol$ci+n con!iene /? 2 "e $na ($(!ancia no elec!roli!o 3 no

-ol0!il/ "i($el!a en $n 'ol "e cloro1or'o :CGCl ?;/ e(!a (ol$ci+n

!iene $na re(i+n "e -aor "e / ''G2, La re(i+n "e


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Vaor "el cloro1or'o a e(!a !e'era!$ra e( H/ ''G2, En

%a(e a e(!a in1or'aci+n "e!er'ine5 a6 La 1racci+n 'olar "e

(ol$!o, :R(5 /H; %6 El n4'ero "e 'ole( "e (ol$!o "i($el!o(,

:R(5 /H 'ole(; c6 La 'a(a 'olar "e (ol$!o, :R( HH/H

2Q';, Se "i($el-en /? 'ole( "e ($l1a!o "e (o"io :NaHSO;/ elec!roli!o

1$er!e 3 no -ol0!il/ en H 2 "e a2$a a =C, Si la re(i+n "e

-aor "el a2$a a e(!a !e'era!$ra e( / ''G2, De!er'ine

la re(i+n "e -aor "e la (ol$ci+n re($l!an!e, R( /H ''G2, $8 'a(a "e anilina 7a%r&a #$e "i(ol-er en a2$a ara !ener H

'L "e $na (ol$ci+n c$3a re(i+n o('+!ica/ a C/ e( "e

''G2 (a%ien"o #$e la 'a(a 'olar "e la anilina e( ?/H2Q'ol R(5 /= 2, ,6 Di(ol-ien"o =/? 2 "e (acaro(a

:CHGHHO; 7a(!a 1or'ar 'L "e (ol$ci+n a H C, KC$al e(

la re(i+n o('+!ica #$e !e+rica'en!e corre(on"er0 R(5

/? a!'


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PROFESORA5 Dar3( Palacio(,

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Pract. de Equil. Quimi. Ejercicios de Prop.colig