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The Difference between amount of bacterial colony and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis on titanium Ti-6Al-4V and stainless steel 316L IN VITRO STUDY oleh: dr Satiyo Pembimbing dr.ISTAN IRMANSYAH,SpOT dr.DEWI SANTOSANINGSIH, SpMK

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Page 1: Presentation Bali Maju Revisi 2

The Difference between amount of bacterial colony and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis

on titanium Ti-6Al-4V and stainless steel 316L

 

IN VITRO STUDY

oleh:dr Satiyo

Pembimbing

dr.ISTAN IRMANSYAH,SpOTdr.DEWI SANTOSANINGSIH, SpMK

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Introduction

Biomaterial-associated infection (BAI) is a major problem in modern medicines

BAI still occur today in 0,2% - 17,3% of cases of prosthetic orthopedic surgery.

Caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis.

• Navarro M, Michiardi A, Castaño O, Planell JÁ. Biomaterials in orthopaedics. J R Soc Interface 2008;5:1137-58; PMID:18667387; http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2008.0151

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Introduction

Biomaterial associated infection (BAI) terjadi 1-10 % per kasus total artroplasti pinggul ( THA ) atau total artroplasti lutut ( TKA )

terjadi dengan kejadian 1,5-2,5 % untuk THA atau TKA primer ,

Sedangkan revisi THA atau TKA membawa risiko infeksi masing-masing sebesar 3,2 % atau 5,6 %

Sedangkan 5% dari semua fiksasi internal terinfeksi , fraktur tertutup 0,5 %-2% dan 30% untuk fraktur tertutup

Hanssen AD, Rand JA. Evaluation and treatment of infection at the site of a total hip or knee arthroplasty. Instr Course Lect 1999; 48:111-22; PMID:10098033

Obremskey WT, Bhandari M, Dirschl DR, et al. Internal fixation versus arthroplasty of comminuted fractures of the distal humerus. J Orthop Trauma 2003; 17:463–465.

Perren SM. Evolution of the internal fixation of long bone fractures: the scientific basis of biological internal fixation: choosing a new balance between stability and biology. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2002; 84:1093–1110.

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Research question

Are there any differences in the amount of colonies and the formation of S.epidermidis bacterial biofilms on the surface of titanium Ti-6Al-4V and 316L stainless steel?

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The aim of this study

to know the process of colonization and bacterial biofilm formation on the surface of the implant by S.epidermidis.

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Biomaterial-associated infection

(BAI)

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Bacterial colonization + biofilm formation

Factor including in adhesion :• Bacterial characterization

Colonization and biofilm formation

Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V)Stainless steel 316L

S.epidermidis biofilm-formed

bacteria

Colonization and biofilm formation

Bacterial adhesion on implant surface

Characteristic of implant surface; surface roughness and hidrophobic

Infection infection

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Materials and Methods

TITANIUM+S.EPIDERMIDIS • IMPLAN+KULTUR

STAINLESS STEEL+S.EPIDERMIDIS • IMPLAN+KULTUR

TITANIUM+E.COLI • IMPLAN+KULTUR

IMPLANKOLONI

BAKTERI+BIOFILM

KOLONI BAKTERI

KOLONI BAKTERI+BIOFIL

M

• IMPLAN+KULTURSTAINLES

S STEEL+E.

COLIKOLONI BAKTERI

This experimental laboratoris study using The t-test independent

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Result

Deskripsi

Hasil Jumlah koloni (× 104 CFU/ml)

Logam Titanium Logam Stainless steel

S.epidermidis

E.coli S.epidermidis

E.coli

Rata-rata4,290 7,214 9,124 12,616

Standar Deviasi 0,441 1,871 0,847 5,817

N5 5 5 5

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Result

S.epidermidis Ti-tanium S.epidermidis

Stainless steel E.coli TitaniumE.coli Stainless

steel

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Rata-rata

Rata-rata

4,8346,402

selisih

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Result

1. SEM. S. Epidermidis on the surface of titanium with white biofilm formation around it (7,500 x).

2. E. coli does not form biofilms on the surface of Titanium (7,500 x)

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Result

A. S .Epidermidis does form biofilm on the surface of stainlesss steel (5.000 x ) B. E.Coli does not form biofilm on the surface of stainless steel (5.000 x )

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DISCUSSION

There was significantly different between the amount of bacterial colony Staphylococcus epidermidis on the surface of titanium Ti-6Al-4V than stainless steel 31L.

The value of statistical significance was set at P<0.05.

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DISCUSSION

Factors influencing bacterial adhesion

1. Environment2. Bacterial characteristics

• Surface hydrophobicity of bacteria3. Material surface characteristics

• hydrophobicity, surface roughness

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CONCLUSIONS

The amount of bacterial colony on surface Titanium Ti-6Al-4V lower than Stainless Steel 316L.

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Thanks You

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Bakteri s. Epidermidis (106 CFU/ml

Kelompok 1:Titanium 416L diimplan dalam

kultur S.Epidermidis

Kelompok 2:Stainless steel 316L diimplan dalam kultur S.Epidermidis

Kelompok 3 :kontrolTitanium 416L diimplan dalam kultur E.Coli*

Terbentuk koloni bakteri dan pembentukan biofilm

Pemeriksaan pembentukan biofilm dengan Scanning Electron Microscoy

(SEM)

Uji statistik dengan T-test

Kelompok 4 :KontrolStainless steel 316L diimplan dalam kultur E.Coli*

Penghitungan jumlah koloni bakteri yang adhesi di permukaan implan pada

medium nutrien agar

Melihat gambaran biofilm secara deskriptif/kualitatif

Adhesi bakteri *tidak membentuk biofilm

Alur penelitian

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INTERAKSI BIOMATERIAL-BAKTERI

BACTERIA

BIOMATERIAL

HOST

BIOKOM

PABILITY

BACTERIAL A

DHESION / B

IOFIL

M

FORMATIO

N

INFECTION / INFLAMATION

Trampuz A, Widmer AF. Infections associated with orthopedic implants. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2006; 19:349-356.

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Kriteria sampel

1. Inclusion Criteria Titanium implant Ti-6Al-4V, 316L stainless steel which is

cut 1 mm with a length of 0.5 cm that has been sterilized.2. Exclusion Criteria

Implants that failed to form biofilms Contaminated implants

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Metode Penelitian Desain Penelitian

Experimental studies in laboratory in vitro by comparing the growth of colonies of bacteria and biofilm formation on titanium Ti-6Al-4V, 316L stainless steel

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Materials and Methods

This experimental laboratoris in vitro study using The t-test independent

Inclusion Criteria Titanium implant Ti-6Al-4V, 316L stainless steel

which is cut 1 mm with a length of 0.5 cm that has been sterilized.

Exclusion Criteria Implants that failed to form biofilms Contaminated implants

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Classification of prosthetic joint infections

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These include van der Waals’s forces, acid-base, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, protein bindings, etc.14, 53, 54, 78 The surface characteristics of the biomaterial also seem to be of importance, including hydrophilicity, roughness, and surface charge. The more hydrophilic and rougher, the better for bacterial adhesion.10, 73 There are at least two phases of bacterial attachment to distinguish: reversible (non-specific) and irreversible (specific). The reversible adhesion relies on the non specific physical and chemical characteristics of the bacteria, as well as on the biomaterial and surrounding joint fluid. The irreversible attachment is mediated through more specific structures, for example adhesin receptors expressed on the bacteria surfaces (Fig. 4).

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Judul : Perbedaan tingkat adhesi bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) pembentuk biofilm pada Titanium 416L dan Stainless Steel 316L

Uji 1: Uji pembentukan biofilm bakteri S. epidermidisIsolat bakteri S. epidermidis diinokulasi pada medium Congo Red agar dan diinkubasi pada suhu 37oC selama 24-48 jam. Koloni yang khas (berwarna hitam) menunjukkan bakteri membentuk biofilm dan digunakan untuk tahap selanjutnya.(saya usul bila ada S.epidermidis yang tidak membentuk biofilm, maka bakteri tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai kontrol negatif menggantikan rencana semula menggunakan E.coli).

Uji 2: Evaluasi adhesi (perlekatan) bakteri pada permukaan implant (surface colonization) (Antoci Jr. V, 2008)

a. S. epidermidis pembentuk biofilm dan bakteri kontrol (bukan pembentuk biofilm: S.epidermidis atau E.coli pilih salah satu) diinokulasi pada medium Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB) dan diinkubasi 18-24 jam pada suhu 37oC.

b. Setelah inkubasi 18-24 jam, suspensi bakteri dalam medium TSB diencerkan dengan tingkat kekeruhan 107-108 CFU/ml (Mc Farland 0,5).

c. Potongan implant Titanium 416L dan Stainless Steel 316L dimasukkan ke dalam 0,5 ml suspensi bakteri yang telah diencerkan dan diinkubasi pada suhu 37oC selama18-24 jam.

d. Setelah inkubasi 18-24 jam, implant dicuci dengan phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) sebanyak 7 kali untuk menghilangkan bakteri yang tidak melekat pada implant.

e. Dilakukan sonikasi terhadap implant dalam 1 ml medium TSB selama 10 menit dilanjutkan dengan vortex selama 2 menit untuk melepaskan bakteri yang melekat pada implant (terjadi adhesii).

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Satu ose (10 µl) medium TSB yang mengandung bakteri yang lepas dari perlekatannya diimplant diinokulasi pada medium TSB agar dan diinkubasi selama 24 jam pada suhu 37oC.g. Jumlah koloni dihitung dan dinyatakan dalam CFU/ml

@ mbak uci dan dr.Tio: apakah di lab FMIPA Univ Negeri Malang bisa melakukan sonikasi ?

Uji 3: Evaluasi semikuantitatif pembentukan biofilm menggunakan metode mikrotiter plate@ mbak uci: metode yang biasa digunakan mahasiswa TA

Uji 4: SEM @ dr.Tio : disesuaikan protocol di Lab FMIPA Univ Negeri Malang

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Satu ose (10 µl) medium TSB yang mengandung bakteri yang lepas dari perlekatannya diimplant diinokulasi pada medium TSB agar dan diinkubasi selama 24 jam pada suhu 37oC.g. Jumlah koloni dihitung dan dinyatakan dalam CFU/ml@ mbak uci dan dr.Tio: apakah di lab FMIPA Univ Negeri Malang bisa melakukan sonikasi ?Uji 3: Evaluasi semikuantitatif pembentukan biofilm menggunakan metode mikrotiter plate@ mbak uci: metode yang biasa digunakan mahasiswa TA

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Biomaterial Science

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the acetabulum and the proximal femur have been replaced. The

femoral side is completely metal. The acetabular side is composed

of the polyethylene bearing surface

Overview of femoral replacement

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Comparison: Modului of Elasticity

Modulus of elasticity of different implant materials and bone (in GPa)

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Patofisiologi pembentukan biofilm

Bakteri berkolonisasi pada permukaan implan

Pembentukan biofilm pada permukaan implan

Jaringan tereliminasi karena adanya pembentukan biofilm

bakteri pembentuk biofilm resistensi terhadap antibiotik

Bakteri menuju permukaan implan.

Adhesi bakteri pada implan

Extra cellular matrix: • Sebagai pembungkus bahan-

bahan yang mengandung fibronectin, fibrinogen, albumin, vitronectin, and collagen.

• mempengaruhi adhesi, differensiasi, dan proliferasi sel.

• menyebabkan perlengketan Bukan hanya sebagai substrat sel host, tapi juga kolonisasi bakteri.

• Bakteri berkoloni

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Klasifikasi infeksi yang berkaitan dengan implan

Trampuz A, Zimmerli W. Prosthetic joint infections: update in diagnosis and treatment. Swiss Med Wkly 2005; 135:243-51; PMID:15965826