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7/23/2019 PRIMO 123
1/8
DIBUJO TECNICO
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA CIVIL
ASIGNATURA: DIBUJO TCNICO I
TEMA : IDENTIFICACIN DE LOS TIPOS DE DIBUJO Y SUAPLICACIN A LA ING. CIVIL
DOCENTE :ARQ. SHEILA ACEVEDO COLINA
ALUMNOS: DANIEL OMAR VASQUEZ ZEGARRA BENIGNO CESARIO CIRIACO MILLA
ULADECH Pgina 1
7/23/2019 PRIMO 123
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DIBUJO TECNICO
INTRODUCCIN:
Sin i!"#$% &'(ni($%) *+ in,-ni-/+ %-/+ "n+ i%(i0*in+ **-n+ - %"0$%i(i$n-%. L$% i!"#$%
&'(ni($% 0-1i&-n + *$% in,-ni-$% (-+ i%-2$%) (+*("*+ 3"-4+% 5 &-n%i$n-% -n *+%
-%&"(&"+% 5 &+!+#+ ($n 3+!i(+n&-%. L+ (+0+(i+ - -n&-n- 5 &+!+#+ ($n i!"#$%
&'(ni($% n$ 6+(- + +*,"i-n "n !"-n in,-ni-$) 0-$ -% "n+ 6+!i*i+ n-(-%+i+ 0++ %- "n
-70-&$ -n *+ 0$3-%i8n.
ULADECH Pgina 2
7/23/2019 PRIMO 123
3/8
DIBUJO TECNICO
LA IMPORTANCIA DEL DIBUJO TCNICO EN LA INGENIERIA
a) Importan!a "#$ D!%&'o T(n!o:
E* i!"#$ &'(ni($ !"%(+ -0-%-n&+ - "n+ 1+n-+ -7+(&+ 5 0-(i%+ "n $!#-&$) %"%i1-n%i$n-% 5 (++(&-/%&i(+% -%0-(/3i(+% 5 n$&+!*-%. E% "n
ii$1+ "ni9-%+*) &$$ in,-ni-$ -!- %+!- -+*i4+ - in&-0-&+ -%&+%
-0-%-n&+(i$n-%. E%&- 6+ 3+(i*i&+$ -* &+!+#$ - *$% in,-ni-$%) 5+ :"- 0$ 1-i$
-* i!"#$ &'(ni($ 0*+%1+n %" &+!+#$ - 1+n-+ ,;3i(+ 0++ 0$%&-i$1-n&- +*-
9i+ 5 -+*i4+ *+ ($n%&"((i8n &+n,i!*-.
P++ 6+(- -n&-ni!*- "n 0*+n$ $ -0-%-n&+(i8n %- 1+n-#+n *+% **+1++% 9i%&+% -*
$!#-&$) :"- 0$0$(i$n+n "n+ i-+ 1;% -7+(&+ - *+%i1-n%i$n-% - -%&$%. L+% 1-i+% -n *+% 9i%&+% - *$% $!#-&$% %- +n 0$ ,"/+%
**+1++% ($&+%) :"- ($n&i-n-n *$% +&$% i1-n%i$n+*-% - -%&$% 0++ -(-+*$% +
-%(+*+ 5 ($n *+% 0$0$(i$n-% -+*-% 5 ($n ,+n 0-(i%i8n.
E* i!"#$ &'(ni($ %- "&i*i4+ ($1$ 1-i$ - -70-%i8n 5 - ($1"ni(+(i8n $ --n*+(- -n&- -* 0$5-(&$ 5 %" -#-("(i8n) ($1$ 0"--n %- *$% 0*+n$%
- -%&"(&"+%) in%&+*+(i$n-% - &"!-/+%) --% -*'(&i(+%) -&(.
E* i!"#$ &'(ni($ -% "n *-n,"+#-) "n+ ($1"ni(+(i8n. E%
"n *-n,"+#- "ni9-%+* ($n -* ("+* n$% 0$-1$% ($1"ni(+ ($n
$&+% 0-%$n+%) %in i10$&+ -* ii$1+. E10*-+ %i,n$% ,;3i($%) -,i$ 0$ n$1+%
in&-n+(i$n+*-% :"- *$ 6+(-n 1;% -n&-ni!*-.
P++ :"- "n i!"#$ &'(ni($ -0-%-n&- "n -*-1-n&$ - ($1"ni(+(i8n ($10*-&$ 5-3i(i-n&-) debe ser claro, preciso y constar de todos
sus datos< &$$ -%&$ -0-n- - *+ -70-i-n(i+ -* i!"#+n&- -n *+-70-%i8n ,;3i(+
:"- -+*i(-) !i-n %-+ "n ($:"i%) "n+ 0-%0-(&i9+ $ "n 0*+n$.
E* i!"#$ &'(ni($ -% - ,+n i10$&+n(i+ -n &$$% *$% (+10$% - *+ in,-ni-/+) %- *-6+ +$ +0*i(+(i$n-% -*-9+n&-% 5 %"1+1-n&-
ULADECH Pgina 3
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DIBUJO TECNICO
EL DIBUJO TCNICO SU APLICACIN EN LA INGENIER*A CIVIL: Cr#ar "!+#,o+-
L$% in,-ni-$% + 1-n"$ (-+n i%-2$% $i,in+*-% :"- -!-n %- 0-%-n&+$% + $&$%.A"n:"- 6+,+% "n i!"#$ :"- &= -n&i-n+%) $&$% n$ *$ ($10-n-;n %i n$ %i,"- *+%
!+%-% -* i!"#$ &'(ni($. L$% in,-ni-$% 0"--n i%-2+ 0i-4+% - 1+:"in+i+)
-%&"(&"+% $ (i("i&$% :"- in9$*"(+;n *+ ($*+!$+(i8n - 9+i+% 0-%$n+%. E% !"-n$
-%!$4+ &"% i-+% !;%i(+% + 1+n$ "+n&- "n+ **"9i+ - i-+%) 0-$ *$% -&+**-% -*
i%-2$ -9-n&"+*1-n&- -!-n ($n(-&+%- -n "n 3$1+&$ :"- %-+ -n&-ni$ 0$ &$$%.
Int#rpr#tar "!+#,o+-
P"-- :"- *$% in,-ni-$% n$ (--n i%-2$%) 0-$ *$% -#-("&+n) +n+*i4+n $ -+*i4+n(;*("*$% -n -**$% ($1!in+n$ *+ in3$1+(i8n - *$% 1+&-i+*-%) *+ ,-$1-&/+ 5 *+%
3"-4+% -&-1in+n&-% -n "n i!"#$ - in,-ni-/+.
Mo"!.!ar "!+#,o+
L$% i%-2$% %$n ++1-n&- 0-3-(&$% *+ 0i1-+ 9-4 5 0$ *$ ,-n-+* i10*i(+n "n 0$(-%$-0-&i&i9$ -n *+ 1$i3i(+(i8n - 9+i$% 3+(&$-%. Un in,-ni-$ 0"-- &+!+#+ ($n "n -:"i0$0++ 1$i3i(+ i1-n%i$n-%) ,-$1-&/+) 1+&-i+*-% $ ++0&+(i$n-% 0++ +*(+n4+ *$%$!#-&i9$% -n 1+&-i+ - %-,"i+) 9+*$ 5 3"n(i$n+*i+. P$ -#-10*$) "n in,-ni-$ 0"--
&-n- *+ &+-+ - -"(i -* 0-%$ - "n $!#-&$ -n "n >? %in 0-#"i(+ %" 3"n(i$n+*i+
EL DIBUJO TCNICO SE CLASIFICA EN:
+@ D. N+&"+* E% -* :"- %- 6+(- ($0i+n$ -* 1$-*$ i-(&+1-n&-.
!@ D. C$n&in"$ E% -* $n+1-n&$ -%("*0i$ $ 0in&+$ :"- %- -7&i-n- + &$$ *$ *+,$ - "n+1$*"+ $ ($ni%+.
-@ D. In"%&i+* S" $!#-&i9$ -% -0-%-n&+ 0i-4+% - 1+:"in+) ($n"(&$% 1-(;ni($)($n%&"((i$n-% -n 3$1+ (*++ 0-$ ($n 0-(i%i8n %"3i(i-n&- 5 -% 0$ *$ :"- -10*-+ *+,-$1-&/+ -%(i0&i9+ ($1$ +"7i*i+. E%&- 3+(i*i&+ +-1;% *+ ($n(-0(i8n - *+ $!+.
@ D. D-3ini$ N$ -% 0$0i+1-n&- +1+) 0-$ %/ "n+ 3+%- - '%&- 5 %- 6+(- -n &in&+ (6in+ 5($n +5"+ - in%&"1-n&$% +-("+$%< :"- 0-1i&+n -+*i4+ "n &+!+#$ 0-(i%$.
ULADECH Pgina 4
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DIBUJO TECNICO
D!%&'o+ Topo/r0.!o+
Los mapas topogrficos representan:
. E* +,"+ in(*"5-n$ 1+-%) *+,$% -%&+n:"-%) /$%) +$5$%) (+n+*-%)
0+n&+n$% 5 -1;% +((i-n&-%.
. E* -*i-9- $ *+% -*-9+(i$n-% - *+% 1$n&+2+%) (-$%) 9+**-%) +-(i3-% 5 +((i-n&-%%-1-#+n&-%.
. L+ ("*&"+) $ %-+ *+% $!+% 6-(6+% 0$ -* 6$1!-) ($1$ (i"+-%) 0"-!*$%) (+1in$%) 9/+%3'-+%) 5 */n-+% - *in-$%.
L+ !+%- - &$$% *$% 1+0+% 5 -* i!"#$ &$0$,;3i($ -% -* *-9+n&+1i-n&$. L-9+n&+ -n&$0$,+3/+ -% 6+(- *+ 1-i(i8n -+* - *+ i%&+n(i+ 5 -*-9+(i$n-% %$!- *+ %"0-3i(i- - *+&i-+. P$ *$ &+n&$ &$$% *$% 1+0+% %- &+4+n + 0+&i - *$% +&$% - (+10$ +0$&+$% 0$ -*&$08,+3$.
L+% i%&+n(i+% ($&+% %- 1i-n $in+i+1-n&- ($n (in&+% - +(-$) (*+9+n$ -%&+n(+% 0++1+(+ *$% 0"n&$% -n *$% :"- %- 6+(-n *+% 1-i+% -n -* (+10$. T+1!i'n 0"--n-&-1in+%- i%&+n(i+% 6+(i-n$ 1-i+% %$!- &$0$,+3/+% +'-+% ("+n$ %- ($n$(- *+-%(+*+ - *+ 3$&$,+3/+. P++ *+ -*+!$+(i8n - 1+0+% %- +0*i(+ 1"(6$ &+1!i'n "n 1'&$$in%&"1-n&+*) ($n$(i$ ($1$ -* 1'&$$ - *+ -%&+/+. E* &;n%i&$ 0++ -%&+/+ -% "n 80&i($:"- %- "%+ -n ($n#"n&$ ($n "n -%&++* -%0-(i+* 0++ -%&+/+. H+(i-n$ $!%-9+(i$n-% 5*-(&"+% %$!- -* -%&++* 5 "%+n$ -* 3+(&$ - ($n9-%i8n n-(-%+i$ 0"-- ($n9-&i%-3;(i*1-n&- + i%&+n(i+% *+ *-(&"+ -* in%&"1-n&$.
L$% -%+$**$% -(i-n&-% -n -* +&- - *+ &$0$,+3/+ 5 *$% *-9+n&+1i-n&$%) 6+n -9$*"(i$n+$*+ 1-i+ - i%&+n(i+ 5 -n *+ +(&"+*i+ %- *$,+ 0$ 1-i$ - in%&"1-n&$% -*-(&8ni($%.
P++ 1-i *+% i%&+n(i+% + "n 0"n&$ i%&+n&- -* &$08,+3$ ii,- *+ (+!-4+ -1i%$+ -*in%&"1-n&$ 6+%&+ i(6$ 0"n&$) -* ("+* %- 6+ 0*+n&+$ "n -3*-(&$ 0+%i9$ $ 0i%1+. E*in%&"1-n&$ ,-n-+ "n+ %-2+* - *"4 in3+$#+ 1$"*++) -n3$(++ -n "n 6+4 -%&"(6$) $!i-n) "n +5$ *;%- *+n4+$ i-(&+1-n&- +* -3*-(&$. C"+n$ -* -3*-(&$ -!$&+ +* 6+4 + *+(+!-4+ i-(&+1-n&- -n *+ i%&+n(i+ -* 0"n&$ -n *+ :"- %- -n("-n&+ -* &$08,+3$ 5 -* 0"n&$9i%+$.
P$ 1-i$ - "n+ !=#"*+) 0"-- 1-i%- -* "1!$ - "n+ */n-+) :"- -% ;n,"*$($10-ni$ -n&- *+ */n-+ 5 -* n$&- 1+,n'&i($ $ 1-ii+n$ 1+,n'&i($. L+% *-(&"+% -!=#"*+ n$ -!-n ($n%i-+%- ($1$ 1-i+% -7+(&+% 5+ :"- -* n$&- 1+,n'&i($ 5 -* n$&-9-+-$ $ +%&$n81i($ n$ ($in(i-n< +-1;%) -* 1+,n-&i%1$ *$(+* 0"-- +3-(&+ *+0$%i(i8n - *+ +,"#+ - *+ !=#"*+.
ULADECH Pgina 5
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DIBUJO TECNICO
La .oto/ram#tr1a:
%- +0*i(+ -n *+ +(&"+*i+ 0++ 6+(- *$% *-9+n&+1i-n&$% 0++ 1+0+%. En '%&- 1'&$$ %-"&i*i4+n 3$&$,+3/+% -+*-% - *+ %"0-3i(i- - *+ &i-+ 5 - *$% $!#-&$% 6-(6$% 0$ -* 6$1!-%$!- *+ &i-+. Y $i,in+*1-n&- %- "%+ *+ 3$&$,+3/+ +'-+ 0in(i0+*1-n&- 0++ *-9+n&+
1+0+% -* &-i&$i$ -n-1i,$ "+n&- *+ ,"-+. En *+ +(&"+*i+ %- -10*-+ -%&- 1'&$$ 0+++(&i9i+-% ($1$ *-9+n&+1i-n&$% ,"!-n+1-n&+*-% 5 ($1-(i+*-%) -70*$+(i$n-% 59+*"+(i$n-% - 0$0i-+-%. Ti-n-n *+ ,+n 9-n&+#+ - %- 3;(i* - "%+ -n &--n$% i3/(i*-%)1"5 +((i-n&+$% 5 ($n 0-ni-n&-% 3"-&-%) -n *$ :"- *+ &$0$,+3/+ &--%&- %-/+ i3/(i* $(+%i i10$%i!*- - *$,+. Un+ 9-n&+#+ :"- i%&in,"- + *+ 3$&$,+1-&/+ -% :"- 0"-- *$,+%--* 1+0+ - ;-+ ,+n- + 0+&i - "n+ %$*+ 3$&$,+3/+ (*++. E* 1'&$$ 0"-- "%+%- -n($n#"n&$ ($n *+ &$0$,+3/+ &--%&-) 3$&$,+3i+n$ *$% 0"n&$% - ($n&$* 5+ *$(+*i4+$% -n -*&--n$ 1-i+n&- *-9+n&+1i-n&$% - 0-(i%i8n.
C&r2a+ "# N!2#$
S$n ("9+% &+4++% %$!- "n 1+0+ 0++ *$(+*i4+ -n *+ 9i%&+ -n 0*+n&+) 0"n&$% - i,"+*-*-9+(i8n -* &--n$. En "n+ %$*+ ("9+ - ni9-*) 0$ *$ &+n&$) &$$% *$% 0"n&$% &i-n-n *+1i%1+ -*-9+(i8n.
E*-9+(i$n-% S$n i%&+n(i+% 9-&i(+*-% +i!+ - "n 0*+n ($1=n - -3--n(i+%. L+ -*-9+(i8n- "n 0"n&$ %$!- *+ %"0-3i(i- - *+ &i-+ %- -&-1in+ ,-n-+*1-n&- 0$ ni9-*+(i8ni3--n(i+* -3-i+ + +*,=n $&$ 0"n&$ - -*-9+(i8n ($n$(i+. C$1=n1-n&- %- -3i-- *+%-*-9+(i$n-% + ni9-* 1-i$ -* 1+ ($1$ 0*+n$ - -3--n(i+.
D!%&'o G#o$3/!o:
E* i!"#$ ,-$*8,i($ -0-%-n&+ ,;3i(+1-n&- -* 0-3i* - *$% %"-*$% -% -(i) -* ($n&-ni$ 5*+ ($10$%i(i8n 1in-+* - "n+ 4$n+ -&-1in++. E%&- &i0$ - i!"#$% %i9- 0++ ,"/+ + *+-70*$&+(i8n 1in-+.
Los mapas superficiales%$n "n+ +5"+ =&i* -n *+ -70*$+(i8n - 1+&-i+*-% 0++ *+($n%&"((i8n 5 -n *+ $i-n&+(i8n 0++ $&$% &+!+#$% - in,-ni-/+ ($1$ 0$ -#-10*$) *$%-%&"i$% 0++ -n+#- $ +!+%&-(i1i-n&$ - +,"+ *+% *$(+*i4+(i$n-% - +-$0"-&$% 5(+-&-+% 5 $&+% +(&i9i+-% +n;*$,+%. C$1$ -% 0$%i!*- :"- n$ +0+-4(+n -n *$% 1+0+% --%(+*+ -*+&i9+1-n&- -"(i+% 9+i+(i$n-% *$(+*-% -n ($10$%i(i8n) -%0-%$ 5 i%&i!"(i8n)
-!-n 6+(-%- -n -* (+10$ 0++ ($10*-&+ -%&- &i0$ - 1+0+%) $!%-9+(i$n-% -($10$!+(i8n) 0$4$% - 0"-!+) 0-3$+(i$n-% ($n !+-n+% 5 %$n-$%.
Mapas de afloramiento Un &i0$ -%0-(i+* - 1+0+ ,-$*8,i($ -% "n 1+0+ - +3*$+1i-n&$%)-* ("+* -0-%-n&+ %$*+1-n&- *$% +3*$+1i-n&$% +(&"+*-%. En -%&- 1+0+ %- 1"-%&+n i9-%+%&+1+% $ ($*$-%) +%,$% *in-+*-% &+*-% ($1$ */n-+% - 3+**+) */n-+% - ($n&+(&$ -"0&i9$%)*/1i&-%) -&(. S- i!"#+n 0$ */n-+% - i3--n&-% (*+%-% 5 ,$%$-%.
ULADECH Pgina 6
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DIBUJO TECNICO
Mapas con curvas estructurales:R-0-%-n&+ *+ ($n3i,"+(i8n - "n+ %"0-3i(i- 1-i+n&-*/n-+% - i,"+* +*&i&") ,-n-+*1-n&- -3-i+% +* ni9-* 1-i$ -* 1+ ($1$ 0*+n$ --3--n(i+. E%&+% */n-+% %$n -* -%"*&+$ - *+ in&-(-0(i8n - *+ %"0-3i(i- -n ("-%&i8n ($n"n+ %-i- - 0*+n$% 6$i4$n&+*-% i,"+*1-n&- -%0+(i+$ ($n$(i'n$%- ($n -* n$1!- --:"ii%&+n(i+ + *+ i%&+n(i+ 9-&i(+* -n&- $% 0*+n$% ($n&i,"$%.
Mapas superficiales:L$% 1+0+% ,-$*8,i($% %"0-3i(i+*-% 1"-%&+n *+% (++(&-/%&i(+% 5 *+i%&i!"(i8n - *$% i9-%$% &i0$% - 1+&-i+*-% %"0-3i(i+*-%.
C$&-% ,-$*8,i($% E* ,-8*$,$ 0"-- &+4+ %-((i$n-% 9-&i(+*-% - *+ -%&"(&"+ %"!&-;n-+&+* ($1$ -* (-- :"- -7i%&-n + 0+&i - *$% +&$% $!&-ni$% - +3*$+1i-n&$) -7(+9+(i$n-%+&i3i(i+*-% 5 +&$% - *$% 0$4$% - %$n-$. T+*-% ($&-%) 5+ %-+n -+*1-n&- 9i%&$% $1-+1-n&- -"(&i9$%) %- **+1+n ($&-% ,-$*8,i($%. E%&$% ($&-% +n + ($n$(- *+ -%&"(&"+,-$*8,i(+ 0$ 1-i$ - (i-&+% */n-+% ($n9-n(i$n+*-%) &+1+% $ ($*$-% 5 0$ &+n&$) *$1i%1$% :"- *$% 1+0+% ,-$*8,i($% -!-n **-9+ "n+ *-5-n+.
Mapas de Yacimiento: los1+0+% - 5+(i1i-n&$ -3*-#+n *+ i%&i!"(i8n - $(+%) 1in-+*-%$ 38%i*-% 0-%-n&-% -n "n ;-+.
Mapas Paleogeolgicos:Un 1+0+ 0+*-$,-$*$,i($ -% -* :"- n$% 1"-%&+ *+ ,-$*$,/+ - "n+-&-1in++ %"0-3i(i- ($n&in-n&+* +n&i,"+ +(&"+*1-n&- -0-%-n&++ 0$ "n+ i%($+n(i+.
Mapas de Facies Litolgicas:E%&$% 1+0+% %i9-n 0++ 1$%&+ *+ i%&i!"(i8n -,i$n+* -*+% i3--n&-% 3+(i-% *i&$*8,i(+% - "n+ 3$1+(i8n ++. E%&$% 1+0+% 0"--n ini(+ *+%3+(i-% %-,=n *$% &i0$% - $(+%< +%/) 0$ -#-10*$) ($n,*$1-+$%) +-ni%(+) 0i4++ +(i**$%+)(+*i4+) $*$1/+) -&(.) $ %- 0"--n 0-0++ + !+%- - *+ 9+i+(i8n - *+% 0$0$(i$n-% - *$%
($n%&i&"5-n&-% (*;%&i($%.
Mapas Geoqumicas:En -%&- &i0$ - 1+0+% %- -3*-#+ -* -%&"i$ - *+ i%&i!"(i8n0$0$(i8n 5 +%$(i+(i8n - *$% -*-1-n&$% :"/1i($% - *+ ($&-4+ &--%&- 5 - *+% *-5-% :"-*+% ($ni(i$n+n.
Mapas Geofsicos R-0-%-n&+n *+% 0$0i-+-% 3/%i(+% - *+ &i-+) #"n&$ + %" ($10$%i(i8nin&-n+) + 0+&i - i9-%$% 3-n81-n$% 3/%i($%.
Mapas Paleogeograficos:Un 1+0+ :"- 1"-%&- *+ i%&i!"(i8n - *$% +n&i,"$% ($n&in-n&-%5 1+-% -n -* &i-10$ -n :"- %- -0$%i&$ "n+ 3$1+(i8n ++) %- **+1+n 1+0+%0+*-$,-$,+3i($%. T+*-% 1+0+% %- 6+**+n 1"5 ,-n-+*i4+$%) 0"-%&$ :"-) &+* ($1$$in+i+1-n&- %- ($n%&"5-n +n *+ -0-%-n&+(i8n - "n+ 1+%+ - -%&+&$% :"- %--0$%i&+$n "+n&- "n 0-i$$ *+,$ - &i-10$.
Mapas Petrofisicos:P-1i&- &-n- "n+ n$(i8n - *+% $(+% :"- 0$%--n "n -%0+(i$ 3/%i($-&-1in+$) 5 *+ 0$3"ni+ + *+ :"- %- -n("-n&+) -&(.
ULADECH Pgina 7
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DIBUJO TECNICO
Mapas de !ubsuelos:S- ($n%&"5-n +10*i+1-n&- + 0+&i - *$% +&$% %"1ini%&+$% 0$ *+%"0-3i(i- -* &--n$ $ &$1+$% (-(+ - -**+ -* +3*$+1i-n&$ - *$% -%&+&$% %"1ini%&+ *+1+5$/+ - *$% +&$% 0$!+&$i$%. Un 1+0+ -%&"(&"+* - +*,=n 6$i4$n&- - -3--n(i+ :"-%- -n("-n&+ + (i-&+ 0$3"ni+ ("5+ +*&i&" %- 0"-+ $!&-n*-% + 0+&i - $!%-9+(i$n-%-n *+% 1in+%) $ - ,+3i(+% - *$% 0$4$% - %$n-$) %- ($n$(- ($n -* n$1!- - 1+0+%"!&-;n-$ $ - %"!%"-*$.
CONCLUSIN
En ($n(*"%i8n -* i!"#$ &'(ni($ -% - ,+n +5"+ -n *+ in,-ni-/+) -% -* 0"n&$ -0+&i+ - &$$ 0$5-(&$ &+n,i!*-. C$n '* %- -(-+n - i-+*i4+n
-%&$%) %- +n+*i4+n &$$% *$% 3+(&$-% -n !"%(+ - 3+*-n(i+% :"- 0"--n %- ($-,i!*-%
+n&-% - + 1+(6+ +* 0$5-(&$.
BIBLIOGRAFIA
G. CALVACHE) M. YACELGA G-$1-&/+ 0*+n+ 5 -* -%0+(i$) G-$1-&/+
+n+*/&i(+
VCTOR H. VSCONES V. G-$1-&/+) Ri$!+1!+ E("+$ .
4EBGRAFIA
C$n(-0&$% !;%i($% - ,-$1-&/+
6&&0KK.1$n$,+3i+%.($1K&+!+#$%K,-0*+K,-0*+.%6&1*
D-3ini(i8n - Di!"#$ 6&&0KK-3ini(i$n.-Ki!"#$ &-(ni($Ki7444I:O&
Oi,-n - *+ in,-ni-/+
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