Protección y Seguridad de la Información

7/31/2019 Protección y Seguridad de la Información

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? 0e hf JlcfljfrĴd Jlaeridxj`d



Jlhj`f cflfrdk

4, Jlxrehv``jel z Avlhdiflxep 34,4, @el`f~xep Cflfrdkfp , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 3

4,4,4, Xj~ep hf dxdtvfp, Hfaflpd, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 24,?, Dlxf`fhflxfp Bjpxerjèp z Fqekv`jel , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 4>

4,?,4, Kd @rj~xecrdaĴd fl lvfpxrep hĴdp , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 434,0, Dp~f`xep Dhijljpxrdxjqep z Kfcdkfp , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 43

4,0,4, Dkcvldp hfffllj`jelfp , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ?>4,0,?, Kfcjpkd`jel qjcflxf , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ?>

4,8, Qvklfrdojkjhdhfp hf kep Pjpxfidp Jlaeridxjèp , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ?64,8,4, Ifhjhdp cflfrdkfp d ljqfk bdrhsdrf , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ?64,8,?, Ifhjhdp cflfrdkfp d ljqfk peaxsdrf , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ?64,8,0, Ifhjhdp cflfrdkfp d ljqfk hf hdxep , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ?6

4,6, @rjxfrjep hf Fqdkvd`jel hf kd Pfcvrjhdh , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ?1

4,1, Ifhjhdp hf Pfcvrjhdh, Ljqfkfp , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ?14,3, Avlhdiflxep hf @rj~xekecĴd , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ?24,2, Ifxehep @rj~xecrdfflèp , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 0>

4,2,4, @kdpjèp , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 0>4,2,?, Iehfrlep , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 03

0



8 0e hf JlcfljfrĴd Jlaeridxj`d



@d~Ĵxvke 4

Jlxrehv``jel z Avlhdiflxep

4,4, @el`f~xep Cflfrdkfp=

Avlhdiflxep odpjèp hf kd Pfcvrjhdh hf kdJlaerid`jel

Kep eomfxjqep avlhdiflxdkfp hf kd Pfcvrjhdh hf kd Jlaerid`jel pel hep=

Idlxflfr fk pf`rfxe hf `drd d kep d``fpep d kd jlaerid`j el,

Idlxflfr kd dvxflxj`jhdh fqjxdlhe iehjffl`d`jelfp le dvxerj}dhdp hf kd jlaerid`jel,

Leridkiflxf vl vme hf jlaerid`jel vlf vld avflxf z vl hfpxjle=

^drxjflhe hf fpxf pfl`jkke fptvfid+ ~ehfiep `kdpjffl`dr e bdokdr hf 8 `dxfcerĴdp hfdxdtvfp =

◡ Jlxfrrv~`jel,

◡ Jlxfr`f~`jel,

◡ Iehjffl`d`jel,

◡ Adorj`d`jel,

Qfrfiep fl tvf èlpjpxf `dhd vle hf fkkep,

3



2 Kdvrd I, @dpxre Pevxe

4,4,4, Xj~ep hf dxdtvfp, Hfaflpd,

Jlxfrrv~ jel

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Fp vl dxdtvf+ ~vfp+ peorf kd hjp~eljojkjhdh ,

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Jlxfr`f~`jel

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ifhje èlivxdhe e psjx`bfdhe "psjx`bjlc Fxbfrlfx*+ pf fpxdokf`fl èlfjelfp d ljqfk hfflkd`f+ hf iehe tvf zd le xflfiep fpf ~reokfid,





4> Kdvrd I, @dpxre Pevxe

Pfcvl kd XferĴd hf kd Jlaerid`j¸ el =

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z fk èle`jijflxe e kd `frxjhviorf hfk ijpie’,

Dxdtvfp ^dpjqep

^vfhfl èlpjpxjr+ odpj`diflxf fl=

d* Eopfrqd`jel hf iflpdmfp "pji~kf d``fpe d kd jlaerid`jel*+ e ojfl

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4,?, Dlxf`fhflxfp Bjpxerjèp z Fqekv`jel

Kd jlaerid`jel pjfi~rf bd pjcljffl`dhe hjlfre z%e ~ehfr, êr fkke+ kd hfidlhd hfkd pfcvrjhdh hf kd jlaerid`jel bd ~reqfljhe bjpxerj`diflxf hf dtvfkkep tvf bdl xfljhejlaerid`jel tvf ~rexfcfr e ojfl jlxfrfpfp fl èlpfcvjrkd+ èie bdl pjhe fk `kfre+ kepijkjxdrfp+ odltvfrep+ ceojfrlep z pjpxfidp ~ekĴxjèp,



@D^ JXVKE 4, JLX_EHV@@J EL Z AVLHDIFLXEP 44

Bdrfiep d èlxjlvd`jel vld rfqjpjel rd~jhd hf kep dèlxf`jijflxep z leiorfp idphfpxd`dhep fl fpxf diojxe bdpxd kd d`xvdkjhdh,

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fp`rjojr èl `kdqf pf`rfxd e hf vl iehe fljcidxjè’, Fp kd jl`kvpjel hf kd rfpfld ‛`kdqfpf`rfxd’ kd tvf idr`d kd hjafrfl`jd flxrf èhjffl`dhe z `jardhe, Eoqjdiflxf kd @rj~xecrdaĴdbd`f dlep tvf hfme hf pfr vl drxf ~drd èlqfrxjrpf fl vld xf`lj`d+ e idp ojfl vl èlcke)ifrdhe hf xf`lj`dp+ tvf xrdxdl peorf kd ~rexf``jel ‘e`vkxdijflxe arflxf d eopfrqdherfple dvxerj}dhep‘ hf kd jlaerid`jel, Flxrf kdp hjp`j~kjldp tvf flckeod `dof hfpxd`dr kdXferĴd hf kd Jlaerid`jel+ kd XferĴd hf Lvifrep ‘e Idxfidxj`d Hjp`rfxd+ tvf fpxvhjdkdp ~re~jfhdhfp hf kep lvifrep flxfrep‘+ kd FpxdhĴpxj`d z kd @ei~kfmjhdh DkcerĴxij`de XferĴd hf kd @ei~kfmjhdh @ei~vxd`jeldk, Bez fl hĴd pf èlpjhfrd vld `jfl`jd d~kj`dhdfl xehd rfckd+ hfojhe d hj`bd rfkd`jel èl exrdp `jfl`jdp,

Exrdp hfffllj`jelfp tvf pf bdl hdhe bdl pjhe+ ~er fmfi~ke= ‛Fp`rjxvrd pf`rfxd rfkd`je)

ldhd ifhjdlxf vld `kdqf+ jlhjp~flpdokf ~drd hfp`jardrkd’,

Fjpxfl hep he`viflxep avlhdiflxdkfp+ vle fp`rjxe ~er @kdvhf Pbdllel fl 4:82 " ‛D

Idxbfidxj`dk Xbferz ea @eiivlj`dxjel’*+ fl fk tvf pf pjflxdl kdp odpfp hf kd XferĴd hfkd Jlaerid`jel+ z tvf mvlxe èl exre drxĴ`vke ~epxfrjer hfk ijpie dvxer "‛XferĴd hf kdp

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^vokj`d+ dorjflhe flerififlxf fk dodljè hf d~kj`d`jel hf fpxd hjp`j~kjld "d fk hfofiep+~vfp+ kep erĴcflfp hf kep ifxehep dpjifxrj ep*,

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Pjl ekqjhdr kdp f`dqd`jelfp fl Fcj~xe z kep bdkkd}cep tvf bdl ~rehv`jhe "^jfhrd

_epfxxd ,,,*+ tvf hdxdl hf 4:>> dlep d,@,+ fk ~rjifr vpe hf kd fp`rjxvrd pf`rfxd hf tvf pf

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avfr}d orvxd "èl `vdktvjfr ifxehe tvf f~kerf fbdvpxjqdiflxf fk fp~d`je hf `kdqfp+ fpxe

fp+ fl fpxf `dpe+ èl xehep kep ~epjokfp hfp~kd}dijflxep7 ~drd fqjxdr fpxe+ kd fqekv`j el idpldxvrdk d ke kdrce hf kd bjpxerjd avf dviflxdr fk fp~d`je hf `kdqfp hf idlfrd tvf avfpfpjflhe `dhd qf} idp hjaĴ`jk ‘idp ‛`dre’+ èi~vxd`jeldkiflxf bdokdlhe‘ rei~frkdp*,

?Fpxd xferĴd avf d~kj`dhd ~er fk LOP ‘Ldxjeldk Ovrfdv ea Pxdlhdrhp‘ hf FF,VV, ~drd hfpdrrekkdr

fk pjpxfid `rj~xecrdfflè HFP ‘Hdxd Fl`rz~xjel Pxdlhdrh‘,








fl hĴd+ fk vpe hf `kdqfp kdrcdp "rfpfldlhe tvf kd pjxvd`jel jhfdk pfrĴd xflfr vld `kdqf xdlkdrcd èie fk ~re~je xfxe d `jardr*+ fk vpe hf pjleljiep fl kep xfxep "~drd fqjxdr tvf pf

`d~xvrfl arf`vfl`jdp fl vl xfxe `vze xfid e èlxfljhe pf èle`f e pf jlxvzf* z fk `diojearf`vflxf hf kd `kdqf,

Kd jhfd hf vxjkj}dr fk ~re~je xfxe èie `kdqf avf rf`v~frdhd ~er Cjeqdle @drhdle+dvxer hfk ~rjifr kjore hf ~reodojkjhdh, Pjl fiodrce+ xdiojfl pf hje `vflxd hf tvf fp)xd fpxrdxfcjd le frd e~xjid+ hfpdrrekkdlhe d rdĴ} hf fpxe vld qdrjdlxf= vxjkj}d vld `kdqf"`drd`xfr* ~drd `jardr fk ~rjifr `drd`xfr+ fk eoxfljhe ~drd `jardr fk pjcvjflxf+ z dpĴ pv`fpjqd)iflxf, Fpxf ifxehe pfrĴd vpdhe z èlpjhfrdhe jladkjokf bdpxd kd ^rjifrd Cvfrrd Ivlhjdk,

Fl fk p,RJR pf vxjkj}d di~kjdiflxf vl ifxehe odpdhe fl kd rferhfld`jel hf kep pĴioe)

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4>0:, Kd idzer èlxrjov`jel hf Gdpjlpgj "42>6)4224* avf fk ifxehe tvf kkfqd pv lei)orf+ tvf hfpqfkd kd kelcjxvh hf kd `kdqf fl pjpxfidp ~ekjdkadofxe, Gfr`bep "4206)4:>0*avf fk dvxer hf vl ji~erxdlxf xrdxdhe peorf `rj~xecrdaĴd ijkjxdr, Dfflrie+ kkfle hf rd}el=‛Vl pjpxfid bd hf idlxflfr dlxf xehe pv ji~flfxrdojkjhdh’+ fl rfafrfl`jd le peke d pv`kdqf+ pjle d kd idlfrd tvf xjflf hf bd`fr kdp èpdp "dkcerjxie*,

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Zd hvrdlxf kd Pfcvlhd Cvfrrd+ fl vl kvcdr kkdidhe Okfx`bkfz ^drg+ vl crv~e hf`jflxĴfflèp flxrf kep tvf pf flèlxrdodl Dkdl Xvrjlc z Qell Lfvidl+ xrdodmdod fl fk~rezf`xe VKX_D xrdxdlhe hf hfp`jardr kep iflpdmfp flqjdhep ~er fk fmfr`jxe dkfidl èlfk idp pefflpxj`dhe jlcflje hf èhjffl`d`jel jhfdhe bdpxd flxel`fp= kd idtvjld FLJCID+eord hf P`bfrojvp, Fpxd idtvjld "~dxflxdhd fl 4:42* èlxdod èl hjqfrpep iehjffl`dherfp




tvf cjrdodl 4%l hf qvfkxd "helhf l frd fk lvifre hf `drd`xfrfp hfk dkadofxe vxjkj}dhe*`dhd qf} tvf pf èhjffl`dod vl `drd`xfr "hf pvfrxf tvf `dhd l `drd`xfrfp èhjffl`dhep qekqĴdl

d pv ~epj`jel erjcjldk*, Kd jl`kvpjel hf idp hf vle fqjxdod kd rf~fxj`jel pf`vfl`jdk hf vldvlj`d `kdqf+ pjflhe l?+ l0+, , , fk lvifre hf ~epj`jelfp ~epjokfp fl avl`jel hfk lvifre hfiehjffl`dherfp "?+0+, , , *, Pj dldhjiep d fpxe kd ~epjojkjhdh hf `diojdr fk erhfl hf kepiehjffl`dherfp+ pf eoxjflf vl fp~d`je hf `kdqfp hfk erhfl hf 4>41, Kd `kdqf hf fpxf pjpxfidfrd+ ~vfp+ eoqjdiflxf+ hj`bd ~epj`jel jlj`jdk hf kep iehjffl`dherfp, Kdp `kdqfp pf rfècĴdl flvl Kjore hf èhjcep z `dhd hĴd kep dkfidlfp fi~kfdodl vld hjpxjlxd fl pvp xrdlpijpjelfp,

Ajcvrd 4,?= Fptvfid hf kd Idtvjld Fljcid ,

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Adpf hf Dldkjpjp =

Hfxfrijldr kep ffl`bfrep+ odpfp hf hdxep, , , daf`xdhep "tvf pf hfofl ~rexfcfr*,Kdp ifhjhdp tvf pf rfhd`xdl d èlxjlvd`jel pf xeidrdl ~drd `dhd vle hf fkkep,

@ei~reodr fl kd D^H tvf hj`bep dr`bjqep le fflcvrdl z tvf ljqfk hf pfcvrjhdhpf xjflf ~drd `dhd vle,

@ei~reodr kd pfcvrjhdh hf kep ffl`bfrep d xrdqfp hf kd rfh,

@ei~reodr kd pfcvrjhdh hf kep ffl`bfrep fl pv kvcdr hf voj`d`jel aĴpj`d,

@ei~reodr kd fjpxfl`jd "z fl pv hfaf`xe hffflljrke* hf vl rfp~elpdokf ~er ffl`bfre"z èivlj`drke ~frxjlflxfiflxf*,

@ei~reodr kd fjpxfl`jd hf vl rfcjpxre hf jl`jhfl`jdp,

@ei~reodr kd fjpxfl`jd hf vl rfcjpxre hf vpvdrjep+ hf if`dljpiep hf jhflxj)ffl`d`jel+ hf vld ~ekĴxj`d hf rfleqd`jel hf `kdqfp,,,

@ei~reodr fk jlqflxdrje z `kdpjffl`d`jel hf pe~erxfp,

He`viflxdr fk jlqflxdrje z èi~reodr z he`viflxdr kd fjpxfl`jd hf è~jdphf pfcvrjhdh "µ~ekĴxj`d hf kep od`gv~p= jl`rfiflxdk, , , 5*,

Hffflljr vl `dkflhdrje hf èlxrekfp ~frjehjèp fl`dijldhep d èi~reodr z qfrj)ffl`dr tvf pf `vi~kf kd leridxjqd,

Hffflljr kdp ifhjhdp d xeidr dk hfpf`bdr e rfvxjkj}dr vl hjp~epjxjqe,

@ei~reodr kd rfdkj}d`jel hf dvhjxerĴdp `dhd hep dlep,

@ei~reodr kep if`dljpiep hf jhflxjffl`d`jel hf vpvdrjep,

@ei~reodr tvf fjpxfl if`dljpiep hf èlxrek hf jlxflxep hf d``fpe jlarv`xve)pep rfjxfrdhep,

@ei~reodr kdp ifhjhdp hf pfcvrjhdh aĴpj`dp "èlxrek hf d``fpe d kep fhjffl`jep*,

@ei~reodr kd F%P hf pe~erxfp jlaeridxjèp,

@ei~reodr kd fjpxfl`jd hf ~re`fhjijflxep hf rf`v~frd`jel hf hdxep "~er fmfi)~ke dlxf hfpdpxrfp+ dxdtvfp, , , *

@ei~reodr kep ~re`fhjijflxep hf `jardhe hf kep hdxep,

@ei~reodr kd fjpxfl`jd hf rfcjpxrep hf d``fpe,



?8 Kdvrd I, @dpxre Pevxe

@ei~reodr kd rfdkj}d`jel hf jlaerifp iflpvdkfp,

@ei~reodr kd rfdkj}d`jel hf è~jdp hf pfcvrjhdh z pv voj`d`jel fl hjafrflxfp

kvcdrfp aĴpjèp,

Adpf hf Fkdoerd`jel Hfof rfècfrpf fl vl he`viflxe hf pfcvrjhdh =

Diojxe hf d~kj`d`jel z fp~f`jffl`d`jel hfk ijpie,

_f`vrpep ~rexfcjhep,

Ifhjhdp+ leridp+ ~re`fhjijflxep z rfckdp dhe~xdhdp ~drd cdrdlxj}dr kd pfcv)rjhdh,

Avl`jelfp z eokjcd`jelfp hfk ~frpeldk,

Hfffllj`jel hf kd fpxrv`xvrd hf kep ffl`bfrep,

Hfp`rj~`jel hf kep pjpxfidp hf jlaerid`jel helhf rfpjhfl kep hdxep,

^re`fhjijflxe hf cfpxjel hf jl`jhflxfp "hf kd aerid= pv`fpe ⇟ d``jelfp, , , *,

@e~jdp hf pfcvrjhdh,

Jlaerid`jel peorf rfp~elpdokfp "jhflxjffl`d`jel,, ,*,

Adpf hf Ji~kfiflxd`jel Bdl hf kkfqdrpf d `doe kdp leridp hf pfcvrjhdh he`vifl)xdhdp fl kd adpf dlxfrjer, Pf jl`jhf fl kd èlfflcvrd`j el hf d~kj`d`jelfp+ pjpxfidpe~frdxjqep+ fflrfsdkkp+ drtvjxf`xvrdp hf rfh, , , Fkke ~vfhf pjcljffl`dr kd iehjffl`d`jel hfkdp xf`lj`dp tvf pf qflĴdl vpdlhe bdojxvdkiflxf+ jl`kvjhd kd ~re~jd fpxrv`xvrd hf kdercdlj}d`jel+ fl fk ~fer hf kep `dpep,

Adpf hf Aerid`jel Pf rfèijflhd hdr dk ~frpeldk jlaeridxjè aerid`jel erjflxdhd d=

èle`jijflxe hf if`dljpiep erjflxdhep dk èlxrek hf d``fpe d hjp~epjxjqep+ dkd jlaerid`jel,,,

cfpxjel hf pe~erxfp

rfcjpxre hf jl`jhfl`jdp "èie pf lexjffl`dl+ èie pf xrdxdl,,,*

jhflxjffl`d`jel z dvxflxj`d`jel

è~jdp hf pfcvrjhdh+ rfp~dkhe, , ,

Adpf hf DvhjxerĴd Pv rfdkj}d`jel fp lf`fpdrjd fl kep ljqfkfp ifhje z dkxe, @elpjpxf flkkfqdr d `doe vl dldkjpjp hf=

kd rfh hf èivlj`d`jelfp,

kep pjpxfidp e~frdxjqep "ifmer beiecflfj}dr*,

kep ffl`bfrep dvxeidxj}dhep+ odpfp hf hdxep, , ,

kep if`dljpiep hf d``fpe rfiexe

d ljqfk aĴpjè "V^P+ dkjiflxd`jel+ pjpxfidp èlxrdjl`flhjep+ pjpxfidp hf d``fped fhjffl`jep,,,*

Xrdp fkke pf rfdkj}d vld jhflxjffl`d`jel hf ~vlxep hfojkfp z fl avl`jel hf fpxep pfhdl rfèiflhd`jelfp ~drd dpfcvrdrkep, êr vkxjie+ ~vfhf `rfdrpf vl idlvdk ~drd

ldqfcdlxfp6,

6Bdz bfrrdijflxdp hf ifxehekecĴd ~drd xehe fpxe,




4,8, Qvklfrdojkjhdhfp hf kep Pjpxfidp Jlaeridxjèp

Kep ~vlxep hfojkfp hf kep pjpxfidp jlaeridxjèp pf `kdpjffl`dl fl xrfp drfdp avlhdifl)xdkfp=

Ljqfk bdrhsdrf,

Ljqfk peaxsdrf,

Ljqfk hf hdxep,

Fl `dhd vld hf fkkdp pf rfèijflhdl vld pfrjf hf ifhjhdp hf pfcvrjhdh ~drxj`vkdrfpz dhf`vdhdp+ tvf qfiep d èlxjlvd`jel,

4,8,4, Ifhjhdp cflfrdkfp d ljqfk bdrhsdrf

D ffll hf idlxflfr kd pfcvrjhdh hfk bdrhsdrf+ fp avlhdiflxdk d`xvdr fl kdp pjcvjflxfpkĴlfdp=

∝Djpkdijflxe hf @^H‚p,

∝Pjpxfidp èlxrd jl`flhjep,

∝Pjpxfidp hf dkjiflxd`jel hf èrrjflxf jljlxfrrvi~jhd "V^P+ cflfrdherfp+, , , *,

∝ Bdrhsdrf rfhvlhdlxf "_DJH ‘~er bdrhsdrf+ ~er peaxsdrf‘+ ijrrer hf hdxep+ he)okfp èlxrekdherdp+, , , *,

∝Idlxfljijflxe,

4,8,?, Ifhjhdp cflfrdkfp d ljqfk peaxsdrf

@el rfp~f`xe d kd pfcvrjhdh rfkd`jeldhd èl fk peaxsdrf+ fp `kdqf=

∝Kd pfkf``jel hfk pjpxfid e~frdxjqe "pf rfèijflhd kd idzer beiecflfj}d`jel hfpjpxfidp ~epjokf*,

∝^dr`bfdhe hf pjpxfidp e~frdxjqep,

∝^dr`bfdhe hf ~recrdidp,

4,8,0, Ifhjhdp cflfrdkfp d ljqfk hf hdxep

Fl cflfrdk+ xehd kd ~rfpflxf dpjcldxvrd pf e`v~d idzerjxdrjdiflxf hf fpxf ~vlxe+ ~vfpfpxf dp~f`xe cjrd avlhdiflxdkiflxf fl xerle d kd `rj~xecrdaĴd,

Fk èlmvlxe hf ifhjhdp dhe~xdhe ~er vld ercdlj}d`jel fl `dhd vle hf kep ifl`jeld)

hep ljqfkfp hfffllf pv ~ekĴxj`d hf pfcvrjhdh,

^fpf d xehe+ hfofiep xflfr ivz `kdre tvf fk pjpxfid pfcvre le fjpxf+ le fjpxfvl pjpxfid hf jlaerid`jel peorf fk tvf le pf èle}`dl xj~ep hf dxdtvfp tvf ~vfhdlqvklfrdrke+ zd pfd ifhjdlxf fk xj~e hf dxdtvfp tvf bfiep qjpxe+ e ifhjdlxf exre xj~e hf




dcrfpjelfp tvf èiflxdrfiep xdiojfl fl pv ieiflxe+ èie oeiodp k¸ ecj`dp+ xrezdlep+cvpdlep+ qjrvp+ , , ,

P,J, 9 a "(+ fffl`jfl`jd*

Hf xehep iehep+ leridkiflxf fk jl`rfiflxe hf kdp ifhjhdp hf pfcvrjhdh qd kjcdhe èlvld hjpijlv`jel hf kd fjojkjhdh hf ieqjijflxep hfk vpvdrje+ dkce tvf xdiojfl hfofiepxflfr fl `vflxd,

4,6, @rjxfrjep hf Fqdkvd`jel hf kd Pfcvrjhdh

Fjpxfl vld pfrjf hf `rjxfrjep ~drd fqdkvdr kd pfcvrjhdh hf vl pjpxfid e èlmvlxe hfpjpxfidp=

‘ X@PF@ "Xrvpxfh @ei~vxfr Pzpxfi Fqdkvdxjel @rjxfrjd *+ idp èle`jhe èie ‛fkkjore ldrdlmd’ hf kep FF,VV,

‘ JXPF@ "Jlaeridxjel Xf`lekecz Pf`vrjxz Fqdkvdxjel @rjxfrjd *,

‘ Exrep `rjxfrjep fvre~fep,

Xehep fkkep hfffllfl kd lf`fpjhdh hf cdrdlxj}dr kd èlfflhfl`jdkjhdh z fk pf`rfxe "kd jlaer)id`jel hfof fpxdr hjp~eljokf peke ~drd kep vpvdrjep dvxerj}dhep1 d idlfmdrkd*+ kd jlxfcrjhdh

"dpfcvrdr tvf kd jlaerid`jel le pf bd adkpfdhe7 pf vpdl bfrrdijflxdp èie kd fflrid hjcjxdk*z kd d``fpjojkjhdh "cdrdlxĴd hf tvjfl+ èie z `vdlhe d``fhf d kd jlaerid`jel*, Xdiojflpf dldhfl kd dvxflxj`jhdh "qfrjffl`d`jel hfk erjcfl z fk hfpxjle hf kd jlaerid`jel* z kd ji)

~epjojkjhdh hf rf`bd}e e le rf~vhje "tvf `vdktvjfr flxjhdh tvf flqĴf e rf`jod jlaerid`jelle ~vfhd lfcdr fk bf`be hf bdofrkd flqjdhe e rf`jojhe*,

4,1, Ifhjhdp hf Pfcvrjhdh, Ljqfkfp

Fjpxfl vld pfrjf hf ljqfkfp peorf kep tvf pel pvp`f~xjokfp hf d~kj`drpf ifhjhdp hfpfcvrjhdh=

Le fjpxf vl if`dljpie tvf dxjflhd d xehep fkkep+ ~fre pĴ vl èlmvlxe hf if`dljpiep,@dpj xehep fkkep bd`fl vpe hf kd `rj~xecrdaĴd, Dkcvlep pel=

1Vl vpvdrje le fp peke vld ~frpeld+ ~vfhf pfr vl ~recrdid ‘xbrfdhp‘+ vl flxerle+, , ,




◡ Jlxfr`dioje hf dvxflxj`d`jel "cdrdlxj}d tvf kdp flxjhdhfp erjcfl z hfpxjle pel kdptvf hfofl pfr*,

◡ @jardhe, Hep ivlhep= pjifxrjè "`jardherfp hf oketvfp+ `jardherfp hf vme* z dpjifxrj)

è,◡ Jlxfcrjhdh hf hdxep+ J@Q "jlxfcrjxz `bf`g qdkvf*= pf jl`kvzf vl qdker hf èi~reod`jel

hf jhflxjhdh "fk `dpe idp pji~kf pel kep `bf`gpvip *,

◡ Ajrid hjcjxdk,

◡ @elxrek hf d``fpe "pjpxfidp hf èlxrdpfldp+ kjpxdp hf d``fpe e D@K‚p+ fflrfsdkkp flbepxp z revxfrp, , , *,

◡ Jl`kvpjel hf xrdfflè hf rfkkfle,

◡@elxrek hf fl`dijldijflxe+ fi~kfe hf rvxdp rfhvlhdlxfp,

◡ Vlj`jhdh= jl`kvpjel hf lvifre hf pf`vfl`jd+ af`bd+ berd+ fx`, fl kep ~dtvfxfp+ ~drdfqjxdr rfd`xvd`jel z rfpf`vfl`jd`jel,

◡ Cfpxjel hf rfh,

◡ Cfpxjel hf pfcvrjhdh+ xdlxe pv cflfrd`jel+ ke`dkj}d`jel+ hjpxrjov`jel z èlxrek hf d`)`fpe d kd jlaerid jel pf`rfxd+ èie kd ~ekĴxj`d hf pfrqj`jep+ if`dljpiep hf pfcvrjhdh+hfxf``jel hf jlard``jelfp z d``jelfp d rfdkj}dr fl `dpe hf hfxf``j el hf dleidkĴdp,

◡ êkĴxj`d hf cfpxjel hf `kdqfp= cflfrd`jel "le hfojkfp+ kdrcdp+ dkfdxerjdp*+ hjpxrjov`jel+

dkid`fldijflxe+ xjfi~e hf qjhd+ hfpxrv``jel+ d~kj`d`jel, Bdz tvf xflfr fl `vflxdtvf=

Kd fkf``jel hf vl fp~d`je hf `kdqfp rfhv`jhe ad`jkjxdrd kd ~flfxrd`jel hfk pjpxfid~er avfr}d orvxd7 `vdktvjfr fkf``jel ~eorf ke bdrd qvklfrdokf d bfrrdijflxdp hf`bftvfe hf `kdqfp+ ~rvfodp èl hj``jeldrjep3+ fx`, Ke idp pfcvre pel pjfi~rf`kdqfp dkfdxerjdp+ dvltvf fk ~reokfid pjcvf fjpxjflhe= µèie ifierj}drkdp5µdkid`fldrkdp5 ^drd fkke bdz pekv`jelfp tvf vxjkj}dl vld ardpf hf ~dpe tvfcflfrd kd `kdqf hfk vpvdrje "fpxrdxfcjd tvf vpd ^C^*,

Fl kd hjpxrjov`jel hf `kdqfp ~vfhf e~xdrpf ~er vl jlxfr dioje hjrf`xe e ~ervxjkj}dr vl @flxre hf Hjpxrjov`j¸ el hf @kdqfp+ tvf fl e`dpjelfp jl`kvpe kdp dpjc)ldl2

3Hfk fpxjke hf Mebl xbf rj~~fr + Pdxdl + , , ,2Hfojhe d kd lf`fpjhdh hfk jlxfr`dioje hf `kdqfp ~drd èivlj`d`jelfp `jardhdp e jlxfr`diojep hf

he`viflxep fl`rj~xdhep+ `vdlhe bdz rfhfp jlqekv`rdhdp pjfi~rf fp ifmer vxjkj}dr ifxehep dpjifxrjèp+

ifxehep hf `kdqf ~vokj`d+ hf kep tvf zd bdokdrfiep,




Dkxfrldxjqdp ivz pfcvrdp ~drd fk dkid`fldijflxe hf `kdqfp pel kdp xdrmfxdp hfodlhd idclfxj`d e xdrmfxdp jlxfkjcflxfp,

Exre ad`xer ivz ji~erxdlxf fl kd pfcvrjhdh fp fk xjfi~e hf qjhd= `vdlxe idzerpfd+ idp jlpfcvre fp fk fptvfid, Dkcvlep ~rexeèkep erjflxdhep d èlfj elvxjkj}dl vld `kdqf hjpxjlxd fl `dhd èlfjel7 kep le erjflxdhep d èlfjel pvfkflbd`fr vpe hf `kdqfp xfi~erdkfp+ qdkjhdp ~er vl ~frĴehe kjijxdhe hf xjfi~e,

4,3, Avlhdiflxep hf @rj~xekecĴd

@eie zd bfiep ifl`jeldhe dkcvld qf}+ kd @rj~xekecĴd fp kd `jfl`jd tvf pf fl`drcdhf xehe kd rfkd`jeldhe èl kd @rj~xecrdaĴd z kd @rj~xecrdaĴd fp kd xf`lj`d e `jfl`jd tvf~frijxf ~rexfcfr kd jlaerid`jel ~er ifhje hfk vpe hfk `jardhe hf aerid tvf peke ~vfhd pfr

hfp`jardhe ~er fk rfijxflxf, Fk `jardhe fp kd xf`lj`d tvf ~frijxf+ d ~drxjr hf vl iflpdmffl `kdre d~kj`dlhe vl dkcerjxie z vld `kdqf tvf xflcd jlqfrpd+ fl`rj~xdrke hf aerid tvfpfd ivz hjaĴ`jk pv hfp`jardhe `drf`jflhe hfk èle`jijflxe xdlxe kd `kdqf èie hfk dkcerjxiefi~kfdhep,

Ajcvrd 4,8= @ei~elflxfp hf vl @rj~xepjpxfid,

Kep @rj~xepjpxfidp ~vfhfl ji~kfiflxdrpf xdlxe fl bdrhsdrf èie fl peaxsdrf, Kdhjafrfl`jd fp tvf kep ~rjifrep pel+ fqjhflxfiflxf+ idp rd~jhep,

Kep dxdtvfp+ èie zd bfiep qjpxe+ ~vfhfl ~rehv`jrpf=

4, D ~drxjr hf xfxe `jardhe "eoxfljflhe kd `kdqf7 `vdlxe idp xfxe pf xflcd+ idp ad`jkfp*,

?, D ~drxjr hf dkcvl iflpdmf èle`jhe,

0, Fkf``jel hf iflpdmfp "qfr fflcvrd 4,6*,





0> Kdvrd I, @dpxre Pevxe

hf kd @eivlj`d`jel peorf kd XferĴd hf kd Jlaerid`jel+ kd XferĴd hf Lvifrep z kd XferĴdhf kd @ei~kfmjhdh DkcerĴxij`d,

Vxjkj}e kd le`jel hf flxre~Ĵd "crdhe hf jlfpxdojkjhdh*+ kd hf rfhvlhdl`jd hf vlkflcvdmf "`dlxjhdh hf jlaerid`jel+ hf èpdp pjl pflxjhe tvf pf ~vfhfl fp`rjojr fl fk*+dkce tvf fi~kfdrĴd hfp~vfp Bfkkidl ~drd fpoe}dr pv ifxehe "fk ifxehe hf Bfkkidl =avl`jel"rfhvlhdl`jd*9kflcvd mf7 pf bdl ~re~vfpxe xf`lj`dp hf hjavpjel z èlavpjeltvf jlxflxdl rei~fr kd arf`vfl`jd hf kep `rj~xecrdidp*,

4,2, Ifxehep @rj~xecrdfflèp

Fpxd pf``jel f~elf d crdlhfp rdpcep kep idp ji~erxdlxfp hf kep ifxehep `rj~xecrdfflèpèle`jhep,

4,2,4, @kdpjèp

Fpxvhjdrfiep fl ~rjifr kvcdr kep ifxehep tvf hjfrel kvcdr dk erjcfl hf kd @rj~xe)crdaĴd+ kep kkdidhep ifxehep `kdpjèp+ tvf pf odpdl ~rjl`j~dkiflxf fl kd pvpxjxv`jel zxrdlp~epj`jel hf `drd`xfrfp,

Pvpxjxv`jel Pji~kf Ieledkadofxe

Fpxf ifxehe hf `jardhe èlpjpxf fl pvpxjxvjr `dhd kfxrd e `drd`xfr hfk iflpdmf "xfxe

fl `kdre* ~er exrd kfxrd tvf aerid ~drxf hfk `jardhe "xfxe `jardhe*,^drd faf`xvdr fpxd pvpxjxv`jel fjpxfl qdrjep ifxehep+ kep `vdkfp fl cflfrdk pf ~vfhfl

f~rfpdr ifhjdlxf kd xrdlpaerid`jel=

F "i* 9 "d ³i´ o* ieh l

helhf

i fp fk qdker lvifrjè dpe`jdhe d `dhd kfxrd hfk iflpdmf

F fp kd avl`jel hf `jardhe

F"i* fp fk qdker lvifrjè dpe`jdhe d kd kfxrd èrrfp~elhjflxf hfk iflpdmf`jardhe

d fp vld èlpxdlxf tvf hfxfrijld fk jlxfrqdke hf pf~drd`jel flxrf hep kfxrdp hfk`jardhe `vdlhe fpxdp pel èlpf`vxjqdp fl fk dkadofxe hfk iflpdmf erjcjldk,^drd tvf fk dkadofxe hf kfxrdp ftvjqdkflxfp pfd èi~kfxe+ fp hf`jr+ tvf lepf rf~jxd ljlcvld kfxrd "tvf le e`vrrd tvf hep kfxrdp pjl èhjffl`dr hflkvcdr d kd ijpid dk èhjffl`drkdp*+ fp ~rf`jpe tvf pfd ~rjie èl l

o fp vld èlpxdlxf tvf hfxfrijld fk hfp~kd}dijflxe flxrf kd èrrfp~elhfl`jdhf kdp kfxrdp hfk `jardhe z hfk iflpdmf

l fp fk lvifre hf kfxrdp hfk dkadofxe

Kd xrdlpaerid`jel ifl`jeldhd fp èle`jhd èie ifxehe hf pvpxjxv`jel pji~kf èl fkleiorf hf ifxehe @fpdr,




Hfxfrijldhd kd ftvjqdkfl`jd flxrf vld kfxrd hfk iflpdmf z hfk `jardhe+ tvfhd hfxfrij)ldhd kd `kdqf+ ~er ke tvf fk pjpxfid le earf`f vld crdl pfcvrjhdh,

Fl fk `rj~xedldkjpjp hf kd pvpxjxv`jel ieledkadofxe xj~e @fpdr pf bd hf xflfr fl`vflxd tvf fk dkadofxe ftvjqdkflxf fi~kfdhe fp vle hfp~kd}dhe èl rfp~f`xe dk erjcjldkvl lvifre flxfre o+ dkce tvf+ èie hf`jiep+ ke bd`f ad`jkiflxf qvklfrdokf, Pf hfp`jardvxjkj}dlhe+ ~er fmfi~ke+ vl dldkjpjp hf arf`vfl`jdp hf kdp kfxrdp fl fk xfxe `jardhe+ èi)~drdlhekdp èl kdp arf`vfl`jdp `drd`xfrĴpxj`dp fl fk dkadofxe erjcjldk+ bdpxd flèlxrdr fkdè~kdijflxe e èrrfp~elhfl`jd dhf`vdhd,

Pvpxjxv`jel Beieaelj`d

Fpxd pvpxjxv`jel fpxdokf`f vld d~kj`d`jel flxrf fk èlmvlxe hf `drd`xfrfp hfk dkadofxehf iflpdmfp DI z fk èlmvlxe ~exfl`jd "èlmvlxe hf kep ~epjokfp pvoèlmvlxep* hf kepfkfiflxep hfk dkadofxe `jardhe D@=

F = DI ↟ ?D@

Hdhe tvf fk èlmvlxe ~exfl`jd ?D@ èi~rflhf kep ~epjokfp pvoèlmvlxep tvf pf ~vfhflaeridr èl kep fkfiflxep hf D@+ d kep fkfiflxep hf `dhd pvoèlmvlxe fl tvf pf ~vfhf `jardrvl peke `drd`xfr pf kfp hfleijld beieaelep, Fk ifxehe ~rfxflhf hfpxrvjr kd arf`vfl`jdhf kep `drd`xfrfp hfk iflpdmf,

Fk iflpdmf I9i4i?, , , il pf `jard èie @9F"i4*F"i?*, , ,F"il* helhf F"ij* pf

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